Expose workflow manifest via HTTP when WORKFLOW_PUBLIC_MANIFEST=1

[TooTallNate]

Summary

When WORKFLOW_PUBLIC_MANIFEST=1 is set, each framework builder exposes the workflow manifest at /.well-known/workflow/v1/manifest.json via the most appropriate mechanism for the framework:

• Next.js: Copies manifest to public/.well-known/workflow/v1/manifest.json (served as a static file)
• SvelteKit: Copies manifest to static/.well-known/workflow/v1/manifest.json (served as a static file)
• Vercel Build Output API (example workbench): Copies manifest to .vercel/output/static/.well-known/workflow/v1/manifest.json (served as a static file)
• Nitro (vite, hono, express, fastify, nuxt, nitro-v2, nitro-v3): Registers a virtual handler that reads and serves the manifest JSON
• Astro: Generates a manifest.json.js page route that returns the manifest JSON
• NestJS: Adds a @Get('manifest.json') endpoint on the WorkflowController (gated by the env var at runtime)

Other changes

• BaseBuilder.createManifest() now returns the manifest JSON string so framework builders can use it
• Added shouldExposePublicManifest getter to BaseBuilder
• Fixed Astro LocalBuilder which was missing the createManifest() call that all other framework builders have
• Removed unused public/ directory and static file copy from the example workbench build script
• Added WORKFLOW_PUBLIC_MANIFEST to turbo.json build task env so Vercel builds can access it
• Added generated manifest paths to .gitignore

[vercel]

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Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workflow-nest	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.038s (-11.8% 🟢)	1.016s (~)	0.978s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.043s (-2.0%)	1.007s (~)	0.964s	10	1.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.043s (-6.5% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.964s	10	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.127s (-35.8% 🟢)	1.023s (~)	0.897s	10	3.33x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.232s (-41.8% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.783s	10	6.09x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.334s (-16.7% 🟢)	1.015s (-2.6%)	0.682s	10	8.75x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.592s (+3.5%)	1.705s (+12.2% 🔺)	1.114s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.604s (-15.7% 🟢)	1.462s (-9.1% 🟢)	0.857s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.727s (-9.6% 🟢)	1.507s (-14.6% 🟢)	0.780s	10	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.100s (~)	2.012s (~)	0.912s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.115s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.892s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.116s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.890s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.182s (-6.9% 🟢)	3.013s (~)	0.831s	10	1.98x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.369s (+3.2%)	3.014s (~)	0.646s	10	2.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.415s (+31.4% 🔺)	3.019s (+42.6% 🔺)	0.604s	10	2.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.716s (+4.4%)	3.835s (+6.4% 🔺)	1.119s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.755s (+6.5% 🔺)	3.651s (-1.4%)	0.896s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.853s (+11.1% 🔺)	3.738s (+5.2% 🔺)	0.885s	10	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.726s (~)	11.020s (~)	0.294s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.831s (~)	11.015s (~)	0.183s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.844s (~)	11.016s (~)	0.171s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.250s (~)	21.042s (~)	0.791s	2	1.89x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.304s (+32.3% 🔺)	21.039s (+31.2% 🔺)	0.735s	2	1.89x
🐘 Postgres	Express	20.476s (+1.0%)	21.026s (~)	0.550s	2	1.91x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	20.846s (-1.8%)	21.742s (-0.5%)	0.895s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	21.228s (-3.2%)	22.051s (-2.3%)	0.823s	2	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	21.992s (+1.9%)	22.936s (+2.9%)	0.944s	2	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	27.240s (~)	28.022s (~)	0.782s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.471s (~)	28.024s (~)	0.553s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	27.472s (~)	28.024s (~)	0.552s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	38.215s (+1.2%)	39.082s (+2.7%)	0.866s	2	1.40x
🐘 Postgres	Express	43.157s (-14.1% 🟢)	43.554s (-14.7% 🟢)	0.397s	2	1.58x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	50.132s (+30.9% 🔺)	51.079s (+30.8% 🔺)	0.948s	2	1.84x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	52.502s (-4.8%)	52.948s (-4.6%)	0.445s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	52.591s (-1.5%)	53.385s (-1.6%)	0.794s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	53.499s (-0.6%)	54.604s (~)	1.105s	2	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	56.742s (~)	57.046s (~)	0.304s	2	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	57.087s (~)	58.040s (~)	0.952s	2	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	57.196s (~)	58.042s (~)	0.846s	2	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	75.214s (-21.0% 🟢)	76.099s (-20.8% 🟢)	0.885s	2	1.33x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	77.851s (-1.9%)	78.614s (-1.9%)	0.763s	2	1.37x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	100.440s (+33.2% 🔺)	101.142s (+32.9% 🔺)	0.702s	1	1.77x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	110.869s (-4.6%)	111.884s (-4.3%)	1.015s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	111.535s (-1.3%)	112.704s (-1.2%)	1.169s	1	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	113.864s (+4.8%)	114.497s (+5.0% 🔺)	0.633s	1	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.389s (+0.9%)	2.011s (~)	0.622s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.404s (-0.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.602s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.415s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.592s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.933s (-10.9% 🟢)	2.153s (-21.6% 🟢)	0.220s	14	1.39x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.086s (+19.5% 🔺)	2.602s (+16.5% 🔺)	0.515s	12	1.50x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.514s (+7.3% 🔺)	3.013s (+10.0% 🔺)	0.499s	10	1.81x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.819s (-9.2% 🟢)	3.784s (-6.1% 🟢)	0.965s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.855s (+4.3%)	3.756s (-2.8%)	0.902s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.931s (-7.2% 🟢)	4.027s (-2.9%)	1.096s	8	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	2.542s (-1.0%)	3.014s (~)	0.472s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.566s (+1.6%)	3.034s (-1.1%)	0.469s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.583s (~)	3.022s (~)	0.439s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	7.997s (-17.2% 🟢)	8.320s (-17.2% 🟢)	0.324s	4	3.15x
🐘 Postgres	Express	9.867s (+0.5%)	10.352s (+2.7%)	0.485s	3	3.88x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	11.105s (+1.3%)	11.714s (~)	0.609s	3	4.37x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.337s (+7.2% 🔺)	4.129s (+5.6% 🔺)	0.792s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.421s (+4.3%)	4.179s (+4.1%)	0.758s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.555s (+21.1% 🔺)	4.827s (+23.4% 🔺)	1.271s	8	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	7.307s (~)	8.292s (+2.4%)	0.985s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.341s (+2.0%)	8.343s (+7.0% 🔺)	1.002s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.449s (+7.9% 🔺)	8.480s (+10.4% 🔺)	1.032s	4	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	45.477s (-0.6%)	46.191s (~)	0.714s	1	6.22x
🐘 Postgres	Express	47.827s (-3.8%)	48.180s (-3.9%)	0.353s	1	6.55x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	56.057s (+7.5% 🔺)	56.129s (+5.6% 🔺)	0.072s	1	7.67x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.614s (+6.2% 🔺)	4.755s (+10.7% 🔺)	1.141s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.854s (+16.7% 🔺)	4.730s (+12.8% 🔺)	0.876s	7	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.401s (+12.0% 🔺)	5.281s (+12.4% 🔺)	0.880s	6	1.22x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.434s (-0.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.573s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.440s (+0.7%)	2.007s (~)	0.566s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.443s (+2.5%)	2.011s (~)	0.568s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.900s (-13.4% 🟢)	2.011s (-22.6% 🟢)	0.110s	15	1.33x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.178s (+3.6%)	2.749s (+9.4% 🔺)	0.572s	11	1.52x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.359s (+5.1% 🔺)	2.931s (+6.5% 🔺)	0.572s	11	1.65x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.660s (-9.5% 🟢)	3.663s (-6.5% 🟢)	1.003s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.674s (+4.5%)	3.919s (+11.0% 🔺)	1.246s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.732s (+3.8%)	3.800s (+1.8%)	1.068s	8	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	2.627s (-2.2%)	3.010s (~)	0.383s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.658s (+1.4%)	3.013s (~)	0.355s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.713s (-2.8%)	3.014s (-9.3% 🟢)	0.301s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.677s (-9.5% 🟢)	11.353s (-5.7% 🟢)	0.676s	3	4.06x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	11.782s (-1.1%)	12.077s (-2.4%)	0.295s	3	4.49x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.077s (+4.8%)	14.364s (+4.7%)	0.287s	3	5.36x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.802s (~)	3.697s (-0.6%)	0.894s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.952s (+2.5%)	3.865s (-0.8%)	0.913s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.443s (+20.3% 🔺)	4.418s (+14.2% 🔺)	0.976s	7	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	7.811s (+4.4%)	8.753s (+3.2%)	0.942s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.826s (-4.8%)	8.769s (-0.9%)	0.943s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.885s (+1.6%)	8.805s (+1.2%)	0.920s	4	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	48.346s (-7.5% 🟢)	49.165s (-7.5% 🟢)	0.819s	1	6.19x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	51.044s (-7.2% 🟢)	51.159s (-7.2% 🟢)	0.115s	1	6.54x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	57.719s (+6.9% 🔺)	58.146s (+7.4% 🔺)	0.427s	1	7.39x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.333s (+4.7%)	4.227s (+12.7% 🔺)	0.895s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.715s (+9.6% 🔺)	4.294s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.580s	7	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.059s (+26.3% 🔺)	4.581s (+15.7% 🔺)	0.523s	7	1.22x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.148s (+4.5%)	1.003s (~)	0.015s (-24.6% 🟢)	1.026s (~)	0.878s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.178s (-2.8%)	0.993s (~)	0.014s (-1.4%)	1.021s (~)	0.842s	10	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	0.181s (-1.8%)	0.992s (~)	0.014s (+1.5%)	1.020s (~)	0.840s	10	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.321s (+25.2% 🔺)	1.777s (+38.8% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.017s (+32.9% 🔺)	0.696s	10	8.92x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.414s (+6.3% 🔺)	1.656s (-3.2%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.014s (~)	0.600s	10	9.55x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.141s (+91.8% 🔺)	2.904s (+48.0% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	3.017s (+49.8% 🔺)	0.876s	10	14.45x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.785s (+5.6% 🔺)	3.296s (+2.6%)	0.118s (-40.0% 🟢)	3.904s (-0.5%)	1.119s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.803s (+3.6%)	3.292s (+3.9%)	0.199s (-31.6% 🟢)	4.022s (+1.9%)	1.219s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.903s (+13.8% 🔺)	3.219s (+3.6%)	0.178s (-30.5% 🟢)	3.892s (+3.3%)	0.989s	10	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7/12
🐘 Postgres	Express	6/12
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	10/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	💻 Local	10/12
Nitro	💻 Local	10/12

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	479	0	38	517
✅ 💻 Local Development	438	0	32	470
✅ 📦 Local Production	438	0	32	470
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	438	0	32	470
✅ 🪟 Windows	47	0	0	47
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	31	169	0	200
✅ 📋 Other	129	0	12	141
Total	2000	169	146	2315

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (169 failed)

mongodb (42 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

redis (42 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

starter (43 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

turso (42 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	43	0	4
✅ example	43	0	4
✅ express	43	0	4
✅ fastify	43	0	4
✅ hono	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack	46	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	46	0	1
✅ nitro	43	0	4
✅ nuxt	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit	43	0	4
✅ vite	43	0	4

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	43	0	4
✅ express-stable	43	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	43	0	4
✅ hono-stable	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	43	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	43	0	4
✅ vite-stable	43	0	4

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	43	0	4
✅ express-stable	43	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	43	0	4
✅ hono-stable	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	43	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	43	0	4
✅ vite-stable	43	0	4

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	43	0	4
✅ express-stable	43	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	43	0	4
✅ hono-stable	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	43	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	43	0	4
✅ vite-stable	43	0	4

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	47	0	0

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	5	42	0
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
❌ redis	5	42	0
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	4	43	0
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	5	42	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	43	0	4
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	43	0	4
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	43	0	4

---

📋 View full workflow run

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 97e1d18

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 15 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/docs-typecheck	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[ijjk]

Instead of placing this in a static folder which won't get cleaned up if this is added for one run but not on a successive run and then could get deployed it feels more correct for the flow.js endpoint to handle serving this or not.

That would reduce additional endpoint being exposed as well, similar to what we did for the health check

[TooTallNate]

Merge activity

• Feb 6, 8:22 PM UTC: A user started a stack merge that includes this pull request via Graphite.
• Feb 6, 8:22 PM UTC: @TooTallNate merged this pull request with Graphite.

[xmlking]

do we need to add public/.well-known/workflow/v1/manifest.json to .gitignore ?

[TooTallNate]

Summary

When WORKFLOW_PUBLIC_MANIFEST=1 is set, each framework builder exposes the workflow manifest at /.well-known/workflow/v1/manifest.json via the most appropriate mechanism for the framework:

• Next.js: Copies manifest to public/.well-known/workflow/v1/manifest.json (served as a static file)
• SvelteKit: Copies manifest to static/.well-known/workflow/v1/manifest.json (served as a static file)
• Vercel Build Output API (example workbench): Copies manifest to .vercel/output/static/.well-known/workflow/v1/manifest.json (served as a static file)
• Nitro (vite, hono, express, fastify, nuxt, nitro-v2, nitro-v3): Registers a virtual handler that reads and serves the manifest JSON
• Astro: Generates a manifest.json.js page route that returns the manifest JSON
• NestJS: Adds a @Get('manifest.json') endpoint on the WorkflowController (gated by the env var at runtime)

Other changes

• BaseBuilder.createManifest() now returns the manifest JSON string so framework builders can use it
• Added shouldExposePublicManifest getter to BaseBuilder
• Fixed Astro LocalBuilder which was missing the createManifest() call that all other framework builders have
• Removed unused public/ directory and static file copy from the example workbench build script
• Added WORKFLOW_PUBLIC_MANIFEST to turbo.json build task env so Vercel builds can access it
• Added generated manifest paths to .gitignore

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workflow-nest	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.038s (-11.8% 🟢)	1.016s (~)	0.978s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.043s (-2.0%)	1.007s (~)	0.964s	10	1.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.043s (-6.5% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.964s	10	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.127s (-35.8% 🟢)	1.023s (~)	0.897s	10	3.33x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.232s (-41.8% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.783s	10	6.09x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.334s (-16.7% 🟢)	1.015s (-2.6%)	0.682s	10	8.75x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.592s (+3.5%)	1.705s (+12.2% 🔺)	1.114s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.604s (-15.7% 🟢)	1.462s (-9.1% 🟢)	0.857s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.727s (-9.6% 🟢)	1.507s (-14.6% 🟢)	0.780s	10	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.100s (~)	2.012s (~)	0.912s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.115s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.892s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.116s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.890s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.182s (-6.9% 🟢)	3.013s (~)	0.831s	10	1.98x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.369s (+3.2%)	3.014s (~)	0.646s	10	2.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.415s (+31.4% 🔺)	3.019s (+42.6% 🔺)	0.604s	10	2.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.716s (+4.4%)	3.835s (+6.4% 🔺)	1.119s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.755s (+6.5% 🔺)	3.651s (-1.4%)	0.896s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.853s (+11.1% 🔺)	3.738s (+5.2% 🔺)	0.885s	10	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.726s (~)	11.020s (~)	0.294s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.831s (~)	11.015s (~)	0.183s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.844s (~)	11.016s (~)	0.171s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.250s (~)	21.042s (~)	0.791s	2	1.89x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.304s (+32.3% 🔺)	21.039s (+31.2% 🔺)	0.735s	2	1.89x
🐘 Postgres	Express	20.476s (+1.0%)	21.026s (~)	0.550s	2	1.91x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	20.846s (-1.8%)	21.742s (-0.5%)	0.895s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	21.228s (-3.2%)	22.051s (-2.3%)	0.823s	2	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	21.992s (+1.9%)	22.936s (+2.9%)	0.944s	2	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	27.240s (~)	28.022s (~)	0.782s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.471s (~)	28.024s (~)	0.553s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	27.472s (~)	28.024s (~)	0.552s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	38.215s (+1.2%)	39.082s (+2.7%)	0.866s	2	1.40x
🐘 Postgres	Express	43.157s (-14.1% 🟢)	43.554s (-14.7% 🟢)	0.397s	2	1.58x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	50.132s (+30.9% 🔺)	51.079s (+30.8% 🔺)	0.948s	2	1.84x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	52.502s (-4.8%)	52.948s (-4.6%)	0.445s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	52.591s (-1.5%)	53.385s (-1.6%)	0.794s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	53.499s (-0.6%)	54.604s (~)	1.105s	2	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	56.742s (~)	57.046s (~)	0.304s	2	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	57.087s (~)	58.040s (~)	0.952s	2	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	57.196s (~)	58.042s (~)	0.846s	2	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	75.214s (-21.0% 🟢)	76.099s (-20.8% 🟢)	0.885s	2	1.33x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	77.851s (-1.9%)	78.614s (-1.9%)	0.763s	2	1.37x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	100.440s (+33.2% 🔺)	101.142s (+32.9% 🔺)	0.702s	1	1.77x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	110.869s (-4.6%)	111.884s (-4.3%)	1.015s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	111.535s (-1.3%)	112.704s (-1.2%)	1.169s	1	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	113.864s (+4.8%)	114.497s (+5.0% 🔺)	0.633s	1	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.389s (+0.9%)	2.011s (~)	0.622s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.404s (-0.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.602s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.415s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.592s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.933s (-10.9% 🟢)	2.153s (-21.6% 🟢)	0.220s	14	1.39x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.086s (+19.5% 🔺)	2.602s (+16.5% 🔺)	0.515s	12	1.50x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.514s (+7.3% 🔺)	3.013s (+10.0% 🔺)	0.499s	10	1.81x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.819s (-9.2% 🟢)	3.784s (-6.1% 🟢)	0.965s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.855s (+4.3%)	3.756s (-2.8%)	0.902s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.931s (-7.2% 🟢)	4.027s (-2.9%)	1.096s	8	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	2.542s (-1.0%)	3.014s (~)	0.472s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.566s (+1.6%)	3.034s (-1.1%)	0.469s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.583s (~)	3.022s (~)	0.439s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	7.997s (-17.2% 🟢)	8.320s (-17.2% 🟢)	0.324s	4	3.15x
🐘 Postgres	Express	9.867s (+0.5%)	10.352s (+2.7%)	0.485s	3	3.88x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	11.105s (+1.3%)	11.714s (~)	0.609s	3	4.37x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.337s (+7.2% 🔺)	4.129s (+5.6% 🔺)	0.792s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.421s (+4.3%)	4.179s (+4.1%)	0.758s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.555s (+21.1% 🔺)	4.827s (+23.4% 🔺)	1.271s	8	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	7.307s (~)	8.292s (+2.4%)	0.985s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.341s (+2.0%)	8.343s (+7.0% 🔺)	1.002s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.449s (+7.9% 🔺)	8.480s (+10.4% 🔺)	1.032s	4	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	45.477s (-0.6%)	46.191s (~)	0.714s	1	6.22x
🐘 Postgres	Express	47.827s (-3.8%)	48.180s (-3.9%)	0.353s	1	6.55x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	56.057s (+7.5% 🔺)	56.129s (+5.6% 🔺)	0.072s	1	7.67x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.614s (+6.2% 🔺)	4.755s (+10.7% 🔺)	1.141s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.854s (+16.7% 🔺)	4.730s (+12.8% 🔺)	0.876s	7	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.401s (+12.0% 🔺)	5.281s (+12.4% 🔺)	0.880s	6	1.22x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.434s (-0.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.573s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.440s (+0.7%)	2.007s (~)	0.566s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.443s (+2.5%)	2.011s (~)	0.568s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.900s (-13.4% 🟢)	2.011s (-22.6% 🟢)	0.110s	15	1.33x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.178s (+3.6%)	2.749s (+9.4% 🔺)	0.572s	11	1.52x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.359s (+5.1% 🔺)	2.931s (+6.5% 🔺)	0.572s	11	1.65x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.660s (-9.5% 🟢)	3.663s (-6.5% 🟢)	1.003s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.674s (+4.5%)	3.919s (+11.0% 🔺)	1.246s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.732s (+3.8%)	3.800s (+1.8%)	1.068s	8	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	2.627s (-2.2%)	3.010s (~)	0.383s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.658s (+1.4%)	3.013s (~)	0.355s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.713s (-2.8%)	3.014s (-9.3% 🟢)	0.301s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.677s (-9.5% 🟢)	11.353s (-5.7% 🟢)	0.676s	3	4.06x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	11.782s (-1.1%)	12.077s (-2.4%)	0.295s	3	4.49x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.077s (+4.8%)	14.364s (+4.7%)	0.287s	3	5.36x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.802s (~)	3.697s (-0.6%)	0.894s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.952s (+2.5%)	3.865s (-0.8%)	0.913s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.443s (+20.3% 🔺)	4.418s (+14.2% 🔺)	0.976s	7	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	7.811s (+4.4%)	8.753s (+3.2%)	0.942s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.826s (-4.8%)	8.769s (-0.9%)	0.943s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.885s (+1.6%)	8.805s (+1.2%)	0.920s	4	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	48.346s (-7.5% 🟢)	49.165s (-7.5% 🟢)	0.819s	1	6.19x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	51.044s (-7.2% 🟢)	51.159s (-7.2% 🟢)	0.115s	1	6.54x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	57.719s (+6.9% 🔺)	58.146s (+7.4% 🔺)	0.427s	1	7.39x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.333s (+4.7%)	4.227s (+12.7% 🔺)	0.895s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.715s (+9.6% 🔺)	4.294s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.580s	7	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.059s (+26.3% 🔺)	4.581s (+15.7% 🔺)	0.523s	7	1.22x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.148s (+4.5%)	1.003s (~)	0.015s (-24.6% 🟢)	1.026s (~)	0.878s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.178s (-2.8%)	0.993s (~)	0.014s (-1.4%)	1.021s (~)	0.842s	10	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	0.181s (-1.8%)	0.992s (~)	0.014s (+1.5%)	1.020s (~)	0.840s	10	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.321s (+25.2% 🔺)	1.777s (+38.8% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.017s (+32.9% 🔺)	0.696s	10	8.92x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.414s (+6.3% 🔺)	1.656s (-3.2%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.014s (~)	0.600s	10	9.55x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.141s (+91.8% 🔺)	2.904s (+48.0% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	3.017s (+49.8% 🔺)	0.876s	10	14.45x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.785s (+5.6% 🔺)	3.296s (+2.6%)	0.118s (-40.0% 🟢)	3.904s (-0.5%)	1.119s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.803s (+3.6%)	3.292s (+3.9%)	0.199s (-31.6% 🟢)	4.022s (+1.9%)	1.219s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.903s (+13.8% 🔺)	3.219s (+3.6%)	0.178s (-30.5% 🟢)	3.892s (+3.3%)	0.989s	10	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7/12
🐘 Postgres	Express	6/12
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	10/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	💻 Local	10/12
Nitro	💻 Local	10/12

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	479	0	38	517
✅ 💻 Local Development	438	0	32	470
✅ 📦 Local Production	438	0	32	470
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	438	0	32	470
✅ 🪟 Windows	47	0	0	47
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	31	169	0	200
✅ 📋 Other	129	0	12	141
Total	2000	169	146	2315

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (169 failed)

mongodb (42 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

redis (42 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

starter (43 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

turso (42 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	43	0	4
✅ example	43	0	4
✅ express	43	0	4
✅ fastify	43	0	4
✅ hono	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack	46	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	46	0	1
✅ nitro	43	0	4
✅ nuxt	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit	43	0	4
✅ vite	43	0	4

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	43	0	4
✅ express-stable	43	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	43	0	4
✅ hono-stable	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	43	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	43	0	4
✅ vite-stable	43	0	4

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	43	0	4
✅ express-stable	43	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	43	0	4
✅ hono-stable	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	43	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	43	0	4
✅ vite-stable	43	0	4

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	43	0	4
✅ express-stable	43	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	43	0	4
✅ hono-stable	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	43	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	43	0	4
✅ vite-stable	43	0	4

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	47	0	0

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	5	42	0
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
❌ redis	5	42	0
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	4	43	0
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	5	42	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	43	0	4
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	43	0	4
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	43	0	4

---

📋 View full workflow run

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 97e1d18

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 15 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/docs-typecheck	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[ijjk]

Instead of placing this in a static folder which won't get cleaned up if this is added for one run but not on a successive run and then could get deployed it feels more correct for the flow.js endpoint to handle serving this or not.

That would reduce additional endpoint being exposed as well, similar to what we did for the health check

[TooTallNate]

Merge activity

• Feb 6, 8:22 PM UTC: A user started a stack merge that includes this pull request via Graphite.
• Feb 6, 8:22 PM UTC: @TooTallNate merged this pull request with Graphite.

[xmlking]

do we need to add public/.well-known/workflow/v1/manifest.json to .gitignore ?

[TooTallNate]

Summary

When WORKFLOW_PUBLIC_MANIFEST=1 is set, each framework builder exposes the workflow manifest at /.well-known/workflow/v1/manifest.json via the most appropriate mechanism for the framework:

• Next.js: Copies manifest to public/.well-known/workflow/v1/manifest.json (served as a static file)
• SvelteKit: Copies manifest to static/.well-known/workflow/v1/manifest.json (served as a static file)
• Vercel Build Output API (example workbench): Copies manifest to .vercel/output/static/.well-known/workflow/v1/manifest.json (served as a static file)
• Nitro (vite, hono, express, fastify, nuxt, nitro-v2, nitro-v3): Registers a virtual handler that reads and serves the manifest JSON
• Astro: Generates a manifest.json.js page route that returns the manifest JSON
• NestJS: Adds a @Get('manifest.json') endpoint on the WorkflowController (gated by the env var at runtime)

Other changes

• BaseBuilder.createManifest() now returns the manifest JSON string so framework builders can use it
• Added shouldExposePublicManifest getter to BaseBuilder
• Fixed Astro LocalBuilder which was missing the createManifest() call that all other framework builders have
• Removed unused public/ directory and static file copy from the example workbench build script
• Added WORKFLOW_PUBLIC_MANIFEST to turbo.json build task env so Vercel builds can access it
• Added generated manifest paths to .gitignore

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workflow-nest	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.038s (-11.8% 🟢)	1.016s (~)	0.978s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.043s (-2.0%)	1.007s (~)	0.964s	10	1.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.043s (-6.5% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.964s	10	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.127s (-35.8% 🟢)	1.023s (~)	0.897s	10	3.33x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.232s (-41.8% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.783s	10	6.09x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.334s (-16.7% 🟢)	1.015s (-2.6%)	0.682s	10	8.75x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.592s (+3.5%)	1.705s (+12.2% 🔺)	1.114s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.604s (-15.7% 🟢)	1.462s (-9.1% 🟢)	0.857s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.727s (-9.6% 🟢)	1.507s (-14.6% 🟢)	0.780s	10	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.100s (~)	2.012s (~)	0.912s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.115s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.892s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.116s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.890s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.182s (-6.9% 🟢)	3.013s (~)	0.831s	10	1.98x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.369s (+3.2%)	3.014s (~)	0.646s	10	2.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.415s (+31.4% 🔺)	3.019s (+42.6% 🔺)	0.604s	10	2.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.716s (+4.4%)	3.835s (+6.4% 🔺)	1.119s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.755s (+6.5% 🔺)	3.651s (-1.4%)	0.896s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.853s (+11.1% 🔺)	3.738s (+5.2% 🔺)	0.885s	10	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.726s (~)	11.020s (~)	0.294s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.831s (~)	11.015s (~)	0.183s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.844s (~)	11.016s (~)	0.171s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.250s (~)	21.042s (~)	0.791s	2	1.89x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.304s (+32.3% 🔺)	21.039s (+31.2% 🔺)	0.735s	2	1.89x
🐘 Postgres	Express	20.476s (+1.0%)	21.026s (~)	0.550s	2	1.91x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	20.846s (-1.8%)	21.742s (-0.5%)	0.895s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	21.228s (-3.2%)	22.051s (-2.3%)	0.823s	2	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	21.992s (+1.9%)	22.936s (+2.9%)	0.944s	2	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	27.240s (~)	28.022s (~)	0.782s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.471s (~)	28.024s (~)	0.553s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	27.472s (~)	28.024s (~)	0.552s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	38.215s (+1.2%)	39.082s (+2.7%)	0.866s	2	1.40x
🐘 Postgres	Express	43.157s (-14.1% 🟢)	43.554s (-14.7% 🟢)	0.397s	2	1.58x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	50.132s (+30.9% 🔺)	51.079s (+30.8% 🔺)	0.948s	2	1.84x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	52.502s (-4.8%)	52.948s (-4.6%)	0.445s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	52.591s (-1.5%)	53.385s (-1.6%)	0.794s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	53.499s (-0.6%)	54.604s (~)	1.105s	2	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	56.742s (~)	57.046s (~)	0.304s	2	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	57.087s (~)	58.040s (~)	0.952s	2	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	57.196s (~)	58.042s (~)	0.846s	2	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	75.214s (-21.0% 🟢)	76.099s (-20.8% 🟢)	0.885s	2	1.33x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	77.851s (-1.9%)	78.614s (-1.9%)	0.763s	2	1.37x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	100.440s (+33.2% 🔺)	101.142s (+32.9% 🔺)	0.702s	1	1.77x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	110.869s (-4.6%)	111.884s (-4.3%)	1.015s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	111.535s (-1.3%)	112.704s (-1.2%)	1.169s	1	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	113.864s (+4.8%)	114.497s (+5.0% 🔺)	0.633s	1	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.389s (+0.9%)	2.011s (~)	0.622s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.404s (-0.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.602s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.415s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.592s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.933s (-10.9% 🟢)	2.153s (-21.6% 🟢)	0.220s	14	1.39x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.086s (+19.5% 🔺)	2.602s (+16.5% 🔺)	0.515s	12	1.50x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.514s (+7.3% 🔺)	3.013s (+10.0% 🔺)	0.499s	10	1.81x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.819s (-9.2% 🟢)	3.784s (-6.1% 🟢)	0.965s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.855s (+4.3%)	3.756s (-2.8%)	0.902s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.931s (-7.2% 🟢)	4.027s (-2.9%)	1.096s	8	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	2.542s (-1.0%)	3.014s (~)	0.472s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.566s (+1.6%)	3.034s (-1.1%)	0.469s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.583s (~)	3.022s (~)	0.439s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	7.997s (-17.2% 🟢)	8.320s (-17.2% 🟢)	0.324s	4	3.15x
🐘 Postgres	Express	9.867s (+0.5%)	10.352s (+2.7%)	0.485s	3	3.88x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	11.105s (+1.3%)	11.714s (~)	0.609s	3	4.37x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.337s (+7.2% 🔺)	4.129s (+5.6% 🔺)	0.792s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.421s (+4.3%)	4.179s (+4.1%)	0.758s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.555s (+21.1% 🔺)	4.827s (+23.4% 🔺)	1.271s	8	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	7.307s (~)	8.292s (+2.4%)	0.985s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.341s (+2.0%)	8.343s (+7.0% 🔺)	1.002s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.449s (+7.9% 🔺)	8.480s (+10.4% 🔺)	1.032s	4	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	45.477s (-0.6%)	46.191s (~)	0.714s	1	6.22x
🐘 Postgres	Express	47.827s (-3.8%)	48.180s (-3.9%)	0.353s	1	6.55x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	56.057s (+7.5% 🔺)	56.129s (+5.6% 🔺)	0.072s	1	7.67x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.614s (+6.2% 🔺)	4.755s (+10.7% 🔺)	1.141s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.854s (+16.7% 🔺)	4.730s (+12.8% 🔺)	0.876s	7	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.401s (+12.0% 🔺)	5.281s (+12.4% 🔺)	0.880s	6	1.22x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.434s (-0.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.573s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.440s (+0.7%)	2.007s (~)	0.566s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.443s (+2.5%)	2.011s (~)	0.568s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.900s (-13.4% 🟢)	2.011s (-22.6% 🟢)	0.110s	15	1.33x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.178s (+3.6%)	2.749s (+9.4% 🔺)	0.572s	11	1.52x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.359s (+5.1% 🔺)	2.931s (+6.5% 🔺)	0.572s	11	1.65x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.660s (-9.5% 🟢)	3.663s (-6.5% 🟢)	1.003s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.674s (+4.5%)	3.919s (+11.0% 🔺)	1.246s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.732s (+3.8%)	3.800s (+1.8%)	1.068s	8	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	2.627s (-2.2%)	3.010s (~)	0.383s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.658s (+1.4%)	3.013s (~)	0.355s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.713s (-2.8%)	3.014s (-9.3% 🟢)	0.301s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.677s (-9.5% 🟢)	11.353s (-5.7% 🟢)	0.676s	3	4.06x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	11.782s (-1.1%)	12.077s (-2.4%)	0.295s	3	4.49x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.077s (+4.8%)	14.364s (+4.7%)	0.287s	3	5.36x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.802s (~)	3.697s (-0.6%)	0.894s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.952s (+2.5%)	3.865s (-0.8%)	0.913s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.443s (+20.3% 🔺)	4.418s (+14.2% 🔺)	0.976s	7	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	7.811s (+4.4%)	8.753s (+3.2%)	0.942s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.826s (-4.8%)	8.769s (-0.9%)	0.943s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.885s (+1.6%)	8.805s (+1.2%)	0.920s	4	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	48.346s (-7.5% 🟢)	49.165s (-7.5% 🟢)	0.819s	1	6.19x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	51.044s (-7.2% 🟢)	51.159s (-7.2% 🟢)	0.115s	1	6.54x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	57.719s (+6.9% 🔺)	58.146s (+7.4% 🔺)	0.427s	1	7.39x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.333s (+4.7%)	4.227s (+12.7% 🔺)	0.895s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.715s (+9.6% 🔺)	4.294s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.580s	7	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.059s (+26.3% 🔺)	4.581s (+15.7% 🔺)	0.523s	7	1.22x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.148s (+4.5%)	1.003s (~)	0.015s (-24.6% 🟢)	1.026s (~)	0.878s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.178s (-2.8%)	0.993s (~)	0.014s (-1.4%)	1.021s (~)	0.842s	10	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	0.181s (-1.8%)	0.992s (~)	0.014s (+1.5%)	1.020s (~)	0.840s	10	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.321s (+25.2% 🔺)	1.777s (+38.8% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.017s (+32.9% 🔺)	0.696s	10	8.92x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.414s (+6.3% 🔺)	1.656s (-3.2%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.014s (~)	0.600s	10	9.55x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.141s (+91.8% 🔺)	2.904s (+48.0% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	3.017s (+49.8% 🔺)	0.876s	10	14.45x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.785s (+5.6% 🔺)	3.296s (+2.6%)	0.118s (-40.0% 🟢)	3.904s (-0.5%)	1.119s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.803s (+3.6%)	3.292s (+3.9%)	0.199s (-31.6% 🟢)	4.022s (+1.9%)	1.219s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.903s (+13.8% 🔺)	3.219s (+3.6%)	0.178s (-30.5% 🟢)	3.892s (+3.3%)	0.989s	10	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7/12
🐘 Postgres	Express	6/12
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	10/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	💻 Local	10/12
Nitro	💻 Local	10/12

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	479	0	38	517
✅ 💻 Local Development	438	0	32	470
✅ 📦 Local Production	438	0	32	470
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	438	0	32	470
✅ 🪟 Windows	47	0	0	47
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	31	169	0	200
✅ 📋 Other	129	0	12	141
Total	2000	169	146	2315

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (169 failed)

mongodb (42 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

redis (42 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

starter (43 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

turso (42 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	43	0	4
✅ example	43	0	4
✅ express	43	0	4
✅ fastify	43	0	4
✅ hono	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack	46	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	46	0	1
✅ nitro	43	0	4
✅ nuxt	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit	43	0	4
✅ vite	43	0	4

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	43	0	4
✅ express-stable	43	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	43	0	4
✅ hono-stable	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	43	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	43	0	4
✅ vite-stable	43	0	4

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	43	0	4
✅ express-stable	43	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	43	0	4
✅ hono-stable	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	43	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	43	0	4
✅ vite-stable	43	0	4

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	43	0	4
✅ express-stable	43	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	43	0	4
✅ hono-stable	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	43	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	43	0	4
✅ vite-stable	43	0	4

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	47	0	0

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	5	42	0
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
❌ redis	5	42	0
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	4	43	0
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	5	42	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	43	0	4
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	43	0	4
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	43	0	4

---

📋 View full workflow run

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 97e1d18

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 15 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/docs-typecheck	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[ijjk]

Instead of placing this in a static folder which won't get cleaned up if this is added for one run but not on a successive run and then could get deployed it feels more correct for the flow.js endpoint to handle serving this or not.

That would reduce additional endpoint being exposed as well, similar to what we did for the health check

[TooTallNate]

Merge activity

• Feb 6, 8:22 PM UTC: A user started a stack merge that includes this pull request via Graphite.
• Feb 6, 8:22 PM UTC: @TooTallNate merged this pull request with Graphite.

[xmlking]

do we need to add public/.well-known/workflow/v1/manifest.json to .gitignore ?

[TooTallNate]

Summary

When WORKFLOW_PUBLIC_MANIFEST=1 is set, each framework builder exposes the workflow manifest at /.well-known/workflow/v1/manifest.json via the most appropriate mechanism for the framework:

• Next.js: Copies manifest to public/.well-known/workflow/v1/manifest.json (served as a static file)
• SvelteKit: Copies manifest to static/.well-known/workflow/v1/manifest.json (served as a static file)
• Vercel Build Output API (example workbench): Copies manifest to .vercel/output/static/.well-known/workflow/v1/manifest.json (served as a static file)
• Nitro (vite, hono, express, fastify, nuxt, nitro-v2, nitro-v3): Registers a virtual handler that reads and serves the manifest JSON
• Astro: Generates a manifest.json.js page route that returns the manifest JSON
• NestJS: Adds a @Get('manifest.json') endpoint on the WorkflowController (gated by the env var at runtime)

Other changes

• BaseBuilder.createManifest() now returns the manifest JSON string so framework builders can use it
• Added shouldExposePublicManifest getter to BaseBuilder
• Fixed Astro LocalBuilder which was missing the createManifest() call that all other framework builders have
• Removed unused public/ directory and static file copy from the example workbench build script
• Added WORKFLOW_PUBLIC_MANIFEST to turbo.json build task env so Vercel builds can access it
• Added generated manifest paths to .gitignore

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workflow-nest	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.038s (-11.8% 🟢)	1.016s (~)	0.978s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.043s (-2.0%)	1.007s (~)	0.964s	10	1.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.043s (-6.5% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.964s	10	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.127s (-35.8% 🟢)	1.023s (~)	0.897s	10	3.33x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.232s (-41.8% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.783s	10	6.09x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.334s (-16.7% 🟢)	1.015s (-2.6%)	0.682s	10	8.75x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.592s (+3.5%)	1.705s (+12.2% 🔺)	1.114s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.604s (-15.7% 🟢)	1.462s (-9.1% 🟢)	0.857s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.727s (-9.6% 🟢)	1.507s (-14.6% 🟢)	0.780s	10	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.100s (~)	2.012s (~)	0.912s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.115s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.892s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.116s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.890s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.182s (-6.9% 🟢)	3.013s (~)	0.831s	10	1.98x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.369s (+3.2%)	3.014s (~)	0.646s	10	2.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.415s (+31.4% 🔺)	3.019s (+42.6% 🔺)	0.604s	10	2.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.716s (+4.4%)	3.835s (+6.4% 🔺)	1.119s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.755s (+6.5% 🔺)	3.651s (-1.4%)	0.896s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.853s (+11.1% 🔺)	3.738s (+5.2% 🔺)	0.885s	10	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.726s (~)	11.020s (~)	0.294s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.831s (~)	11.015s (~)	0.183s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.844s (~)	11.016s (~)	0.171s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.250s (~)	21.042s (~)	0.791s	2	1.89x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.304s (+32.3% 🔺)	21.039s (+31.2% 🔺)	0.735s	2	1.89x
🐘 Postgres	Express	20.476s (+1.0%)	21.026s (~)	0.550s	2	1.91x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	20.846s (-1.8%)	21.742s (-0.5%)	0.895s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	21.228s (-3.2%)	22.051s (-2.3%)	0.823s	2	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	21.992s (+1.9%)	22.936s (+2.9%)	0.944s	2	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	27.240s (~)	28.022s (~)	0.782s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.471s (~)	28.024s (~)	0.553s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	27.472s (~)	28.024s (~)	0.552s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	38.215s (+1.2%)	39.082s (+2.7%)	0.866s	2	1.40x
🐘 Postgres	Express	43.157s (-14.1% 🟢)	43.554s (-14.7% 🟢)	0.397s	2	1.58x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	50.132s (+30.9% 🔺)	51.079s (+30.8% 🔺)	0.948s	2	1.84x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	52.502s (-4.8%)	52.948s (-4.6%)	0.445s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	52.591s (-1.5%)	53.385s (-1.6%)	0.794s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	53.499s (-0.6%)	54.604s (~)	1.105s	2	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	56.742s (~)	57.046s (~)	0.304s	2	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	57.087s (~)	58.040s (~)	0.952s	2	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	57.196s (~)	58.042s (~)	0.846s	2	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	75.214s (-21.0% 🟢)	76.099s (-20.8% 🟢)	0.885s	2	1.33x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	77.851s (-1.9%)	78.614s (-1.9%)	0.763s	2	1.37x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	100.440s (+33.2% 🔺)	101.142s (+32.9% 🔺)	0.702s	1	1.77x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	110.869s (-4.6%)	111.884s (-4.3%)	1.015s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	111.535s (-1.3%)	112.704s (-1.2%)	1.169s	1	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	113.864s (+4.8%)	114.497s (+5.0% 🔺)	0.633s	1	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.389s (+0.9%)	2.011s (~)	0.622s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.404s (-0.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.602s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.415s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.592s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.933s (-10.9% 🟢)	2.153s (-21.6% 🟢)	0.220s	14	1.39x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.086s (+19.5% 🔺)	2.602s (+16.5% 🔺)	0.515s	12	1.50x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.514s (+7.3% 🔺)	3.013s (+10.0% 🔺)	0.499s	10	1.81x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.819s (-9.2% 🟢)	3.784s (-6.1% 🟢)	0.965s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.855s (+4.3%)	3.756s (-2.8%)	0.902s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.931s (-7.2% 🟢)	4.027s (-2.9%)	1.096s	8	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	2.542s (-1.0%)	3.014s (~)	0.472s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.566s (+1.6%)	3.034s (-1.1%)	0.469s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.583s (~)	3.022s (~)	0.439s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	7.997s (-17.2% 🟢)	8.320s (-17.2% 🟢)	0.324s	4	3.15x
🐘 Postgres	Express	9.867s (+0.5%)	10.352s (+2.7%)	0.485s	3	3.88x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	11.105s (+1.3%)	11.714s (~)	0.609s	3	4.37x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.337s (+7.2% 🔺)	4.129s (+5.6% 🔺)	0.792s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.421s (+4.3%)	4.179s (+4.1%)	0.758s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.555s (+21.1% 🔺)	4.827s (+23.4% 🔺)	1.271s	8	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	7.307s (~)	8.292s (+2.4%)	0.985s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.341s (+2.0%)	8.343s (+7.0% 🔺)	1.002s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.449s (+7.9% 🔺)	8.480s (+10.4% 🔺)	1.032s	4	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	45.477s (-0.6%)	46.191s (~)	0.714s	1	6.22x
🐘 Postgres	Express	47.827s (-3.8%)	48.180s (-3.9%)	0.353s	1	6.55x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	56.057s (+7.5% 🔺)	56.129s (+5.6% 🔺)	0.072s	1	7.67x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.614s (+6.2% 🔺)	4.755s (+10.7% 🔺)	1.141s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.854s (+16.7% 🔺)	4.730s (+12.8% 🔺)	0.876s	7	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.401s (+12.0% 🔺)	5.281s (+12.4% 🔺)	0.880s	6	1.22x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.434s (-0.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.573s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.440s (+0.7%)	2.007s (~)	0.566s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.443s (+2.5%)	2.011s (~)	0.568s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.900s (-13.4% 🟢)	2.011s (-22.6% 🟢)	0.110s	15	1.33x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.178s (+3.6%)	2.749s (+9.4% 🔺)	0.572s	11	1.52x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.359s (+5.1% 🔺)	2.931s (+6.5% 🔺)	0.572s	11	1.65x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.660s (-9.5% 🟢)	3.663s (-6.5% 🟢)	1.003s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.674s (+4.5%)	3.919s (+11.0% 🔺)	1.246s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.732s (+3.8%)	3.800s (+1.8%)	1.068s	8	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	2.627s (-2.2%)	3.010s (~)	0.383s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.658s (+1.4%)	3.013s (~)	0.355s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.713s (-2.8%)	3.014s (-9.3% 🟢)	0.301s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.677s (-9.5% 🟢)	11.353s (-5.7% 🟢)	0.676s	3	4.06x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	11.782s (-1.1%)	12.077s (-2.4%)	0.295s	3	4.49x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.077s (+4.8%)	14.364s (+4.7%)	0.287s	3	5.36x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.802s (~)	3.697s (-0.6%)	0.894s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.952s (+2.5%)	3.865s (-0.8%)	0.913s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.443s (+20.3% 🔺)	4.418s (+14.2% 🔺)	0.976s	7	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	7.811s (+4.4%)	8.753s (+3.2%)	0.942s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.826s (-4.8%)	8.769s (-0.9%)	0.943s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.885s (+1.6%)	8.805s (+1.2%)	0.920s	4	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	48.346s (-7.5% 🟢)	49.165s (-7.5% 🟢)	0.819s	1	6.19x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	51.044s (-7.2% 🟢)	51.159s (-7.2% 🟢)	0.115s	1	6.54x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	57.719s (+6.9% 🔺)	58.146s (+7.4% 🔺)	0.427s	1	7.39x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.333s (+4.7%)	4.227s (+12.7% 🔺)	0.895s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.715s (+9.6% 🔺)	4.294s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.580s	7	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.059s (+26.3% 🔺)	4.581s (+15.7% 🔺)	0.523s	7	1.22x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.148s (+4.5%)	1.003s (~)	0.015s (-24.6% 🟢)	1.026s (~)	0.878s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.178s (-2.8%)	0.993s (~)	0.014s (-1.4%)	1.021s (~)	0.842s	10	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	0.181s (-1.8%)	0.992s (~)	0.014s (+1.5%)	1.020s (~)	0.840s	10	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.321s (+25.2% 🔺)	1.777s (+38.8% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.017s (+32.9% 🔺)	0.696s	10	8.92x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.414s (+6.3% 🔺)	1.656s (-3.2%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.014s (~)	0.600s	10	9.55x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.141s (+91.8% 🔺)	2.904s (+48.0% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	3.017s (+49.8% 🔺)	0.876s	10	14.45x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.785s (+5.6% 🔺)	3.296s (+2.6%)	0.118s (-40.0% 🟢)	3.904s (-0.5%)	1.119s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.803s (+3.6%)	3.292s (+3.9%)	0.199s (-31.6% 🟢)	4.022s (+1.9%)	1.219s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.903s (+13.8% 🔺)	3.219s (+3.6%)	0.178s (-30.5% 🟢)	3.892s (+3.3%)	0.989s	10	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7/12
🐘 Postgres	Express	6/12
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	10/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	💻 Local	10/12
Nitro	💻 Local	10/12

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	479	0	38	517
✅ 💻 Local Development	438	0	32	470
✅ 📦 Local Production	438	0	32	470
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	438	0	32	470
✅ 🪟 Windows	47	0	0	47
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	31	169	0	200
✅ 📋 Other	129	0	12	141
Total	2000	169	146	2315

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (169 failed)

mongodb (42 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

redis (42 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

starter (43 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

turso (42 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	43	0	4
✅ example	43	0	4
✅ express	43	0	4
✅ fastify	43	0	4
✅ hono	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack	46	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	46	0	1
✅ nitro	43	0	4
✅ nuxt	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit	43	0	4
✅ vite	43	0	4

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	43	0	4
✅ express-stable	43	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	43	0	4
✅ hono-stable	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	43	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	43	0	4
✅ vite-stable	43	0	4

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	43	0	4
✅ express-stable	43	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	43	0	4
✅ hono-stable	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	43	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	43	0	4
✅ vite-stable	43	0	4

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	43	0	4
✅ express-stable	43	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	43	0	4
✅ hono-stable	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	43	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	43	0	4
✅ vite-stable	43	0	4

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	47	0	0

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	5	42	0
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
❌ redis	5	42	0
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	4	43	0
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	5	42	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	43	0	4
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	43	0	4
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	43	0	4

---

📋 View full workflow run

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 97e1d18

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 15 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/docs-typecheck	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[ijjk]

Instead of placing this in a static folder which won't get cleaned up if this is added for one run but not on a successive run and then could get deployed it feels more correct for the flow.js endpoint to handle serving this or not.

That would reduce additional endpoint being exposed as well, similar to what we did for the health check

[TooTallNate]

Merge activity

• Feb 6, 8:22 PM UTC: A user started a stack merge that includes this pull request via Graphite.
• Feb 6, 8:22 PM UTC: @TooTallNate merged this pull request with Graphite.

[xmlking]

do we need to add public/.well-known/workflow/v1/manifest.json to .gitignore ?

[TooTallNate]

Summary

When WORKFLOW_PUBLIC_MANIFEST=1 is set, each framework builder exposes the workflow manifest at /.well-known/workflow/v1/manifest.json via the most appropriate mechanism for the framework:

• Next.js: Copies manifest to public/.well-known/workflow/v1/manifest.json (served as a static file)
• SvelteKit: Copies manifest to static/.well-known/workflow/v1/manifest.json (served as a static file)
• Vercel Build Output API (example workbench): Copies manifest to .vercel/output/static/.well-known/workflow/v1/manifest.json (served as a static file)
• Nitro (vite, hono, express, fastify, nuxt, nitro-v2, nitro-v3): Registers a virtual handler that reads and serves the manifest JSON
• Astro: Generates a manifest.json.js page route that returns the manifest JSON
• NestJS: Adds a @Get('manifest.json') endpoint on the WorkflowController (gated by the env var at runtime)

Other changes

• BaseBuilder.createManifest() now returns the manifest JSON string so framework builders can use it
• Added shouldExposePublicManifest getter to BaseBuilder
• Fixed Astro LocalBuilder which was missing the createManifest() call that all other framework builders have
• Removed unused public/ directory and static file copy from the example workbench build script
• Added WORKFLOW_PUBLIC_MANIFEST to turbo.json build task env so Vercel builds can access it
• Added generated manifest paths to .gitignore

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workflow-nest	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.038s (-11.8% 🟢)	1.016s (~)	0.978s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.043s (-2.0%)	1.007s (~)	0.964s	10	1.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.043s (-6.5% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.964s	10	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.127s (-35.8% 🟢)	1.023s (~)	0.897s	10	3.33x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.232s (-41.8% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.783s	10	6.09x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.334s (-16.7% 🟢)	1.015s (-2.6%)	0.682s	10	8.75x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.592s (+3.5%)	1.705s (+12.2% 🔺)	1.114s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.604s (-15.7% 🟢)	1.462s (-9.1% 🟢)	0.857s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.727s (-9.6% 🟢)	1.507s (-14.6% 🟢)	0.780s	10	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.100s (~)	2.012s (~)	0.912s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.115s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.892s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.116s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.890s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.182s (-6.9% 🟢)	3.013s (~)	0.831s	10	1.98x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.369s (+3.2%)	3.014s (~)	0.646s	10	2.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.415s (+31.4% 🔺)	3.019s (+42.6% 🔺)	0.604s	10	2.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.716s (+4.4%)	3.835s (+6.4% 🔺)	1.119s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.755s (+6.5% 🔺)	3.651s (-1.4%)	0.896s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.853s (+11.1% 🔺)	3.738s (+5.2% 🔺)	0.885s	10	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.726s (~)	11.020s (~)	0.294s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.831s (~)	11.015s (~)	0.183s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.844s (~)	11.016s (~)	0.171s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.250s (~)	21.042s (~)	0.791s	2	1.89x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.304s (+32.3% 🔺)	21.039s (+31.2% 🔺)	0.735s	2	1.89x
🐘 Postgres	Express	20.476s (+1.0%)	21.026s (~)	0.550s	2	1.91x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	20.846s (-1.8%)	21.742s (-0.5%)	0.895s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	21.228s (-3.2%)	22.051s (-2.3%)	0.823s	2	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	21.992s (+1.9%)	22.936s (+2.9%)	0.944s	2	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	27.240s (~)	28.022s (~)	0.782s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.471s (~)	28.024s (~)	0.553s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	27.472s (~)	28.024s (~)	0.552s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	38.215s (+1.2%)	39.082s (+2.7%)	0.866s	2	1.40x
🐘 Postgres	Express	43.157s (-14.1% 🟢)	43.554s (-14.7% 🟢)	0.397s	2	1.58x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	50.132s (+30.9% 🔺)	51.079s (+30.8% 🔺)	0.948s	2	1.84x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	52.502s (-4.8%)	52.948s (-4.6%)	0.445s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	52.591s (-1.5%)	53.385s (-1.6%)	0.794s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	53.499s (-0.6%)	54.604s (~)	1.105s	2	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	56.742s (~)	57.046s (~)	0.304s	2	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	57.087s (~)	58.040s (~)	0.952s	2	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	57.196s (~)	58.042s (~)	0.846s	2	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	75.214s (-21.0% 🟢)	76.099s (-20.8% 🟢)	0.885s	2	1.33x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	77.851s (-1.9%)	78.614s (-1.9%)	0.763s	2	1.37x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	100.440s (+33.2% 🔺)	101.142s (+32.9% 🔺)	0.702s	1	1.77x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	110.869s (-4.6%)	111.884s (-4.3%)	1.015s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	111.535s (-1.3%)	112.704s (-1.2%)	1.169s	1	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	113.864s (+4.8%)	114.497s (+5.0% 🔺)	0.633s	1	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.389s (+0.9%)	2.011s (~)	0.622s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.404s (-0.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.602s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.415s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.592s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.933s (-10.9% 🟢)	2.153s (-21.6% 🟢)	0.220s	14	1.39x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.086s (+19.5% 🔺)	2.602s (+16.5% 🔺)	0.515s	12	1.50x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.514s (+7.3% 🔺)	3.013s (+10.0% 🔺)	0.499s	10	1.81x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.819s (-9.2% 🟢)	3.784s (-6.1% 🟢)	0.965s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.855s (+4.3%)	3.756s (-2.8%)	0.902s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.931s (-7.2% 🟢)	4.027s (-2.9%)	1.096s	8	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	2.542s (-1.0%)	3.014s (~)	0.472s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.566s (+1.6%)	3.034s (-1.1%)	0.469s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.583s (~)	3.022s (~)	0.439s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	7.997s (-17.2% 🟢)	8.320s (-17.2% 🟢)	0.324s	4	3.15x
🐘 Postgres	Express	9.867s (+0.5%)	10.352s (+2.7%)	0.485s	3	3.88x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	11.105s (+1.3%)	11.714s (~)	0.609s	3	4.37x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.337s (+7.2% 🔺)	4.129s (+5.6% 🔺)	0.792s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.421s (+4.3%)	4.179s (+4.1%)	0.758s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.555s (+21.1% 🔺)	4.827s (+23.4% 🔺)	1.271s	8	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	7.307s (~)	8.292s (+2.4%)	0.985s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.341s (+2.0%)	8.343s (+7.0% 🔺)	1.002s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.449s (+7.9% 🔺)	8.480s (+10.4% 🔺)	1.032s	4	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	45.477s (-0.6%)	46.191s (~)	0.714s	1	6.22x
🐘 Postgres	Express	47.827s (-3.8%)	48.180s (-3.9%)	0.353s	1	6.55x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	56.057s (+7.5% 🔺)	56.129s (+5.6% 🔺)	0.072s	1	7.67x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.614s (+6.2% 🔺)	4.755s (+10.7% 🔺)	1.141s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.854s (+16.7% 🔺)	4.730s (+12.8% 🔺)	0.876s	7	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.401s (+12.0% 🔺)	5.281s (+12.4% 🔺)	0.880s	6	1.22x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.434s (-0.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.573s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.440s (+0.7%)	2.007s (~)	0.566s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.443s (+2.5%)	2.011s (~)	0.568s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.900s (-13.4% 🟢)	2.011s (-22.6% 🟢)	0.110s	15	1.33x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.178s (+3.6%)	2.749s (+9.4% 🔺)	0.572s	11	1.52x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.359s (+5.1% 🔺)	2.931s (+6.5% 🔺)	0.572s	11	1.65x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.660s (-9.5% 🟢)	3.663s (-6.5% 🟢)	1.003s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.674s (+4.5%)	3.919s (+11.0% 🔺)	1.246s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.732s (+3.8%)	3.800s (+1.8%)	1.068s	8	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	2.627s (-2.2%)	3.010s (~)	0.383s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.658s (+1.4%)	3.013s (~)	0.355s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.713s (-2.8%)	3.014s (-9.3% 🟢)	0.301s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.677s (-9.5% 🟢)	11.353s (-5.7% 🟢)	0.676s	3	4.06x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	11.782s (-1.1%)	12.077s (-2.4%)	0.295s	3	4.49x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.077s (+4.8%)	14.364s (+4.7%)	0.287s	3	5.36x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.802s (~)	3.697s (-0.6%)	0.894s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.952s (+2.5%)	3.865s (-0.8%)	0.913s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.443s (+20.3% 🔺)	4.418s (+14.2% 🔺)	0.976s	7	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	7.811s (+4.4%)	8.753s (+3.2%)	0.942s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.826s (-4.8%)	8.769s (-0.9%)	0.943s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.885s (+1.6%)	8.805s (+1.2%)	0.920s	4	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	48.346s (-7.5% 🟢)	49.165s (-7.5% 🟢)	0.819s	1	6.19x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	51.044s (-7.2% 🟢)	51.159s (-7.2% 🟢)	0.115s	1	6.54x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	57.719s (+6.9% 🔺)	58.146s (+7.4% 🔺)	0.427s	1	7.39x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.333s (+4.7%)	4.227s (+12.7% 🔺)	0.895s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.715s (+9.6% 🔺)	4.294s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.580s	7	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.059s (+26.3% 🔺)	4.581s (+15.7% 🔺)	0.523s	7	1.22x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.148s (+4.5%)	1.003s (~)	0.015s (-24.6% 🟢)	1.026s (~)	0.878s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.178s (-2.8%)	0.993s (~)	0.014s (-1.4%)	1.021s (~)	0.842s	10	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	0.181s (-1.8%)	0.992s (~)	0.014s (+1.5%)	1.020s (~)	0.840s	10	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.321s (+25.2% 🔺)	1.777s (+38.8% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.017s (+32.9% 🔺)	0.696s	10	8.92x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.414s (+6.3% 🔺)	1.656s (-3.2%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.014s (~)	0.600s	10	9.55x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.141s (+91.8% 🔺)	2.904s (+48.0% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	3.017s (+49.8% 🔺)	0.876s	10	14.45x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.785s (+5.6% 🔺)	3.296s (+2.6%)	0.118s (-40.0% 🟢)	3.904s (-0.5%)	1.119s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.803s (+3.6%)	3.292s (+3.9%)	0.199s (-31.6% 🟢)	4.022s (+1.9%)	1.219s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.903s (+13.8% 🔺)	3.219s (+3.6%)	0.178s (-30.5% 🟢)	3.892s (+3.3%)	0.989s	10	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7/12
🐘 Postgres	Express	6/12
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	10/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	💻 Local	10/12
Nitro	💻 Local	10/12

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	479	0	38	517
✅ 💻 Local Development	438	0	32	470
✅ 📦 Local Production	438	0	32	470
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	438	0	32	470
✅ 🪟 Windows	47	0	0	47
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	31	169	0	200
✅ 📋 Other	129	0	12	141
Total	2000	169	146	2315

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (169 failed)

mongodb (42 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

redis (42 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

starter (43 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

turso (42 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	43	0	4
✅ example	43	0	4
✅ express	43	0	4
✅ fastify	43	0	4
✅ hono	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack	46	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	46	0	1
✅ nitro	43	0	4
✅ nuxt	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit	43	0	4
✅ vite	43	0	4

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	43	0	4
✅ express-stable	43	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	43	0	4
✅ hono-stable	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	43	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	43	0	4
✅ vite-stable	43	0	4

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	43	0	4
✅ express-stable	43	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	43	0	4
✅ hono-stable	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	43	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	43	0	4
✅ vite-stable	43	0	4

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	43	0	4
✅ express-stable	43	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	43	0	4
✅ hono-stable	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	43	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	43	0	4
✅ vite-stable	43	0	4

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	47	0	0

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	5	42	0
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
❌ redis	5	42	0
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	4	43	0
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	5	42	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	43	0	4
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	43	0	4
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	43	0	4

---

📋 View full workflow run

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 97e1d18

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 15 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/docs-typecheck	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[ijjk]

Instead of placing this in a static folder which won't get cleaned up if this is added for one run but not on a successive run and then could get deployed it feels more correct for the flow.js endpoint to handle serving this or not.

That would reduce additional endpoint being exposed as well, similar to what we did for the health check

[TooTallNate]

Merge activity

• Feb 6, 8:22 PM UTC: A user started a stack merge that includes this pull request via Graphite.
• Feb 6, 8:22 PM UTC: @TooTallNate merged this pull request with Graphite.

[xmlking]

do we need to add public/.well-known/workflow/v1/manifest.json to .gitignore ?

[TooTallNate]

Summary

When WORKFLOW_PUBLIC_MANIFEST=1 is set, each framework builder exposes the workflow manifest at /.well-known/workflow/v1/manifest.json via the most appropriate mechanism for the framework:

• Next.js: Copies manifest to public/.well-known/workflow/v1/manifest.json (served as a static file)
• SvelteKit: Copies manifest to static/.well-known/workflow/v1/manifest.json (served as a static file)
• Vercel Build Output API (example workbench): Copies manifest to .vercel/output/static/.well-known/workflow/v1/manifest.json (served as a static file)
• Nitro (vite, hono, express, fastify, nuxt, nitro-v2, nitro-v3): Registers a virtual handler that reads and serves the manifest JSON
• Astro: Generates a manifest.json.js page route that returns the manifest JSON
• NestJS: Adds a @Get('manifest.json') endpoint on the WorkflowController (gated by the env var at runtime)

Other changes

• BaseBuilder.createManifest() now returns the manifest JSON string so framework builders can use it
• Added shouldExposePublicManifest getter to BaseBuilder
• Fixed Astro LocalBuilder which was missing the createManifest() call that all other framework builders have
• Removed unused public/ directory and static file copy from the example workbench build script
• Added WORKFLOW_PUBLIC_MANIFEST to turbo.json build task env so Vercel builds can access it
• Added generated manifest paths to .gitignore

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workflow-nest	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.038s (-11.8% 🟢)	1.016s (~)	0.978s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.043s (-2.0%)	1.007s (~)	0.964s	10	1.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.043s (-6.5% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.964s	10	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.127s (-35.8% 🟢)	1.023s (~)	0.897s	10	3.33x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.232s (-41.8% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.783s	10	6.09x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.334s (-16.7% 🟢)	1.015s (-2.6%)	0.682s	10	8.75x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.592s (+3.5%)	1.705s (+12.2% 🔺)	1.114s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.604s (-15.7% 🟢)	1.462s (-9.1% 🟢)	0.857s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.727s (-9.6% 🟢)	1.507s (-14.6% 🟢)	0.780s	10	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.100s (~)	2.012s (~)	0.912s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.115s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.892s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.116s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.890s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.182s (-6.9% 🟢)	3.013s (~)	0.831s	10	1.98x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.369s (+3.2%)	3.014s (~)	0.646s	10	2.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.415s (+31.4% 🔺)	3.019s (+42.6% 🔺)	0.604s	10	2.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.716s (+4.4%)	3.835s (+6.4% 🔺)	1.119s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.755s (+6.5% 🔺)	3.651s (-1.4%)	0.896s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.853s (+11.1% 🔺)	3.738s (+5.2% 🔺)	0.885s	10	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.726s (~)	11.020s (~)	0.294s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.831s (~)	11.015s (~)	0.183s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.844s (~)	11.016s (~)	0.171s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.250s (~)	21.042s (~)	0.791s	2	1.89x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.304s (+32.3% 🔺)	21.039s (+31.2% 🔺)	0.735s	2	1.89x
🐘 Postgres	Express	20.476s (+1.0%)	21.026s (~)	0.550s	2	1.91x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	20.846s (-1.8%)	21.742s (-0.5%)	0.895s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	21.228s (-3.2%)	22.051s (-2.3%)	0.823s	2	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	21.992s (+1.9%)	22.936s (+2.9%)	0.944s	2	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	27.240s (~)	28.022s (~)	0.782s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.471s (~)	28.024s (~)	0.553s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	27.472s (~)	28.024s (~)	0.552s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	38.215s (+1.2%)	39.082s (+2.7%)	0.866s	2	1.40x
🐘 Postgres	Express	43.157s (-14.1% 🟢)	43.554s (-14.7% 🟢)	0.397s	2	1.58x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	50.132s (+30.9% 🔺)	51.079s (+30.8% 🔺)	0.948s	2	1.84x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	52.502s (-4.8%)	52.948s (-4.6%)	0.445s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	52.591s (-1.5%)	53.385s (-1.6%)	0.794s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	53.499s (-0.6%)	54.604s (~)	1.105s	2	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	56.742s (~)	57.046s (~)	0.304s	2	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	57.087s (~)	58.040s (~)	0.952s	2	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	57.196s (~)	58.042s (~)	0.846s	2	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	75.214s (-21.0% 🟢)	76.099s (-20.8% 🟢)	0.885s	2	1.33x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	77.851s (-1.9%)	78.614s (-1.9%)	0.763s	2	1.37x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	100.440s (+33.2% 🔺)	101.142s (+32.9% 🔺)	0.702s	1	1.77x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	110.869s (-4.6%)	111.884s (-4.3%)	1.015s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	111.535s (-1.3%)	112.704s (-1.2%)	1.169s	1	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	113.864s (+4.8%)	114.497s (+5.0% 🔺)	0.633s	1	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.389s (+0.9%)	2.011s (~)	0.622s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.404s (-0.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.602s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.415s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.592s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.933s (-10.9% 🟢)	2.153s (-21.6% 🟢)	0.220s	14	1.39x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.086s (+19.5% 🔺)	2.602s (+16.5% 🔺)	0.515s	12	1.50x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.514s (+7.3% 🔺)	3.013s (+10.0% 🔺)	0.499s	10	1.81x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.819s (-9.2% 🟢)	3.784s (-6.1% 🟢)	0.965s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.855s (+4.3%)	3.756s (-2.8%)	0.902s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.931s (-7.2% 🟢)	4.027s (-2.9%)	1.096s	8	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	2.542s (-1.0%)	3.014s (~)	0.472s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.566s (+1.6%)	3.034s (-1.1%)	0.469s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.583s (~)	3.022s (~)	0.439s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	7.997s (-17.2% 🟢)	8.320s (-17.2% 🟢)	0.324s	4	3.15x
🐘 Postgres	Express	9.867s (+0.5%)	10.352s (+2.7%)	0.485s	3	3.88x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	11.105s (+1.3%)	11.714s (~)	0.609s	3	4.37x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.337s (+7.2% 🔺)	4.129s (+5.6% 🔺)	0.792s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.421s (+4.3%)	4.179s (+4.1%)	0.758s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.555s (+21.1% 🔺)	4.827s (+23.4% 🔺)	1.271s	8	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	7.307s (~)	8.292s (+2.4%)	0.985s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.341s (+2.0%)	8.343s (+7.0% 🔺)	1.002s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.449s (+7.9% 🔺)	8.480s (+10.4% 🔺)	1.032s	4	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	45.477s (-0.6%)	46.191s (~)	0.714s	1	6.22x
🐘 Postgres	Express	47.827s (-3.8%)	48.180s (-3.9%)	0.353s	1	6.55x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	56.057s (+7.5% 🔺)	56.129s (+5.6% 🔺)	0.072s	1	7.67x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.614s (+6.2% 🔺)	4.755s (+10.7% 🔺)	1.141s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.854s (+16.7% 🔺)	4.730s (+12.8% 🔺)	0.876s	7	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.401s (+12.0% 🔺)	5.281s (+12.4% 🔺)	0.880s	6	1.22x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.434s (-0.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.573s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.440s (+0.7%)	2.007s (~)	0.566s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.443s (+2.5%)	2.011s (~)	0.568s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.900s (-13.4% 🟢)	2.011s (-22.6% 🟢)	0.110s	15	1.33x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.178s (+3.6%)	2.749s (+9.4% 🔺)	0.572s	11	1.52x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.359s (+5.1% 🔺)	2.931s (+6.5% 🔺)	0.572s	11	1.65x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.660s (-9.5% 🟢)	3.663s (-6.5% 🟢)	1.003s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.674s (+4.5%)	3.919s (+11.0% 🔺)	1.246s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.732s (+3.8%)	3.800s (+1.8%)	1.068s	8	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	2.627s (-2.2%)	3.010s (~)	0.383s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.658s (+1.4%)	3.013s (~)	0.355s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.713s (-2.8%)	3.014s (-9.3% 🟢)	0.301s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.677s (-9.5% 🟢)	11.353s (-5.7% 🟢)	0.676s	3	4.06x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	11.782s (-1.1%)	12.077s (-2.4%)	0.295s	3	4.49x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.077s (+4.8%)	14.364s (+4.7%)	0.287s	3	5.36x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.802s (~)	3.697s (-0.6%)	0.894s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.952s (+2.5%)	3.865s (-0.8%)	0.913s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.443s (+20.3% 🔺)	4.418s (+14.2% 🔺)	0.976s	7	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	7.811s (+4.4%)	8.753s (+3.2%)	0.942s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.826s (-4.8%)	8.769s (-0.9%)	0.943s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.885s (+1.6%)	8.805s (+1.2%)	0.920s	4	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	48.346s (-7.5% 🟢)	49.165s (-7.5% 🟢)	0.819s	1	6.19x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	51.044s (-7.2% 🟢)	51.159s (-7.2% 🟢)	0.115s	1	6.54x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	57.719s (+6.9% 🔺)	58.146s (+7.4% 🔺)	0.427s	1	7.39x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.333s (+4.7%)	4.227s (+12.7% 🔺)	0.895s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.715s (+9.6% 🔺)	4.294s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.580s	7	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.059s (+26.3% 🔺)	4.581s (+15.7% 🔺)	0.523s	7	1.22x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.148s (+4.5%)	1.003s (~)	0.015s (-24.6% 🟢)	1.026s (~)	0.878s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.178s (-2.8%)	0.993s (~)	0.014s (-1.4%)	1.021s (~)	0.842s	10	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	0.181s (-1.8%)	0.992s (~)	0.014s (+1.5%)	1.020s (~)	0.840s	10	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.321s (+25.2% 🔺)	1.777s (+38.8% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.017s (+32.9% 🔺)	0.696s	10	8.92x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.414s (+6.3% 🔺)	1.656s (-3.2%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.014s (~)	0.600s	10	9.55x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.141s (+91.8% 🔺)	2.904s (+48.0% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	3.017s (+49.8% 🔺)	0.876s	10	14.45x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.785s (+5.6% 🔺)	3.296s (+2.6%)	0.118s (-40.0% 🟢)	3.904s (-0.5%)	1.119s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.803s (+3.6%)	3.292s (+3.9%)	0.199s (-31.6% 🟢)	4.022s (+1.9%)	1.219s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.903s (+13.8% 🔺)	3.219s (+3.6%)	0.178s (-30.5% 🟢)	3.892s (+3.3%)	0.989s	10	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7/12
🐘 Postgres	Express	6/12
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	10/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	💻 Local	10/12
Nitro	💻 Local	10/12

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	479	0	38	517
✅ 💻 Local Development	438	0	32	470
✅ 📦 Local Production	438	0	32	470
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	438	0	32	470
✅ 🪟 Windows	47	0	0	47
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	31	169	0	200
✅ 📋 Other	129	0	12	141
Total	2000	169	146	2315

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (169 failed)

mongodb (42 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

redis (42 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

starter (43 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

turso (42 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	43	0	4
✅ example	43	0	4
✅ express	43	0	4
✅ fastify	43	0	4
✅ hono	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack	46	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	46	0	1
✅ nitro	43	0	4
✅ nuxt	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit	43	0	4
✅ vite	43	0	4

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	43	0	4
✅ express-stable	43	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	43	0	4
✅ hono-stable	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	43	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	43	0	4
✅ vite-stable	43	0	4

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	43	0	4
✅ express-stable	43	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	43	0	4
✅ hono-stable	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	43	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	43	0	4
✅ vite-stable	43	0	4

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	43	0	4
✅ express-stable	43	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	43	0	4
✅ hono-stable	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	43	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	43	0	4
✅ vite-stable	43	0	4

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	47	0	0

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	5	42	0
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
❌ redis	5	42	0
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	4	43	0
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	5	42	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	43	0	4
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	43	0	4
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	43	0	4

---

📋 View full workflow run

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 97e1d18

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 15 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/docs-typecheck	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[ijjk]

Instead of placing this in a static folder which won't get cleaned up if this is added for one run but not on a successive run and then could get deployed it feels more correct for the flow.js endpoint to handle serving this or not.

That would reduce additional endpoint being exposed as well, similar to what we did for the health check

[TooTallNate]

Merge activity

• Feb 6, 8:22 PM UTC: A user started a stack merge that includes this pull request via Graphite.
• Feb 6, 8:22 PM UTC: @TooTallNate merged this pull request with Graphite.

[xmlking]

do we need to add public/.well-known/workflow/v1/manifest.json to .gitignore ?

[TooTallNate]

Summary

When WORKFLOW_PUBLIC_MANIFEST=1 is set, each framework builder exposes the workflow manifest at /.well-known/workflow/v1/manifest.json via the most appropriate mechanism for the framework:

• Next.js: Copies manifest to public/.well-known/workflow/v1/manifest.json (served as a static file)
• SvelteKit: Copies manifest to static/.well-known/workflow/v1/manifest.json (served as a static file)
• Vercel Build Output API (example workbench): Copies manifest to .vercel/output/static/.well-known/workflow/v1/manifest.json (served as a static file)
• Nitro (vite, hono, express, fastify, nuxt, nitro-v2, nitro-v3): Registers a virtual handler that reads and serves the manifest JSON
• Astro: Generates a manifest.json.js page route that returns the manifest JSON
• NestJS: Adds a @Get('manifest.json') endpoint on the WorkflowController (gated by the env var at runtime)

Other changes

• BaseBuilder.createManifest() now returns the manifest JSON string so framework builders can use it
• Added shouldExposePublicManifest getter to BaseBuilder
• Fixed Astro LocalBuilder which was missing the createManifest() call that all other framework builders have
• Removed unused public/ directory and static file copy from the example workbench build script
• Added WORKFLOW_PUBLIC_MANIFEST to turbo.json build task env so Vercel builds can access it
• Added generated manifest paths to .gitignore

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workflow-nest	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.038s (-11.8% 🟢)	1.016s (~)	0.978s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.043s (-2.0%)	1.007s (~)	0.964s	10	1.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.043s (-6.5% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.964s	10	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.127s (-35.8% 🟢)	1.023s (~)	0.897s	10	3.33x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.232s (-41.8% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.783s	10	6.09x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.334s (-16.7% 🟢)	1.015s (-2.6%)	0.682s	10	8.75x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.592s (+3.5%)	1.705s (+12.2% 🔺)	1.114s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.604s (-15.7% 🟢)	1.462s (-9.1% 🟢)	0.857s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.727s (-9.6% 🟢)	1.507s (-14.6% 🟢)	0.780s	10	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.100s (~)	2.012s (~)	0.912s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.115s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.892s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.116s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.890s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.182s (-6.9% 🟢)	3.013s (~)	0.831s	10	1.98x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.369s (+3.2%)	3.014s (~)	0.646s	10	2.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.415s (+31.4% 🔺)	3.019s (+42.6% 🔺)	0.604s	10	2.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.716s (+4.4%)	3.835s (+6.4% 🔺)	1.119s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.755s (+6.5% 🔺)	3.651s (-1.4%)	0.896s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.853s (+11.1% 🔺)	3.738s (+5.2% 🔺)	0.885s	10	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.726s (~)	11.020s (~)	0.294s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.831s (~)	11.015s (~)	0.183s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.844s (~)	11.016s (~)	0.171s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.250s (~)	21.042s (~)	0.791s	2	1.89x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.304s (+32.3% 🔺)	21.039s (+31.2% 🔺)	0.735s	2	1.89x
🐘 Postgres	Express	20.476s (+1.0%)	21.026s (~)	0.550s	2	1.91x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	20.846s (-1.8%)	21.742s (-0.5%)	0.895s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	21.228s (-3.2%)	22.051s (-2.3%)	0.823s	2	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	21.992s (+1.9%)	22.936s (+2.9%)	0.944s	2	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	27.240s (~)	28.022s (~)	0.782s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.471s (~)	28.024s (~)	0.553s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	27.472s (~)	28.024s (~)	0.552s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	38.215s (+1.2%)	39.082s (+2.7%)	0.866s	2	1.40x
🐘 Postgres	Express	43.157s (-14.1% 🟢)	43.554s (-14.7% 🟢)	0.397s	2	1.58x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	50.132s (+30.9% 🔺)	51.079s (+30.8% 🔺)	0.948s	2	1.84x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	52.502s (-4.8%)	52.948s (-4.6%)	0.445s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	52.591s (-1.5%)	53.385s (-1.6%)	0.794s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	53.499s (-0.6%)	54.604s (~)	1.105s	2	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	56.742s (~)	57.046s (~)	0.304s	2	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	57.087s (~)	58.040s (~)	0.952s	2	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	57.196s (~)	58.042s (~)	0.846s	2	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	75.214s (-21.0% 🟢)	76.099s (-20.8% 🟢)	0.885s	2	1.33x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	77.851s (-1.9%)	78.614s (-1.9%)	0.763s	2	1.37x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	100.440s (+33.2% 🔺)	101.142s (+32.9% 🔺)	0.702s	1	1.77x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	110.869s (-4.6%)	111.884s (-4.3%)	1.015s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	111.535s (-1.3%)	112.704s (-1.2%)	1.169s	1	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	113.864s (+4.8%)	114.497s (+5.0% 🔺)	0.633s	1	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.389s (+0.9%)	2.011s (~)	0.622s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.404s (-0.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.602s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.415s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.592s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.933s (-10.9% 🟢)	2.153s (-21.6% 🟢)	0.220s	14	1.39x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.086s (+19.5% 🔺)	2.602s (+16.5% 🔺)	0.515s	12	1.50x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.514s (+7.3% 🔺)	3.013s (+10.0% 🔺)	0.499s	10	1.81x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.819s (-9.2% 🟢)	3.784s (-6.1% 🟢)	0.965s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.855s (+4.3%)	3.756s (-2.8%)	0.902s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.931s (-7.2% 🟢)	4.027s (-2.9%)	1.096s	8	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	2.542s (-1.0%)	3.014s (~)	0.472s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.566s (+1.6%)	3.034s (-1.1%)	0.469s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.583s (~)	3.022s (~)	0.439s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	7.997s (-17.2% 🟢)	8.320s (-17.2% 🟢)	0.324s	4	3.15x
🐘 Postgres	Express	9.867s (+0.5%)	10.352s (+2.7%)	0.485s	3	3.88x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	11.105s (+1.3%)	11.714s (~)	0.609s	3	4.37x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.337s (+7.2% 🔺)	4.129s (+5.6% 🔺)	0.792s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.421s (+4.3%)	4.179s (+4.1%)	0.758s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.555s (+21.1% 🔺)	4.827s (+23.4% 🔺)	1.271s	8	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	7.307s (~)	8.292s (+2.4%)	0.985s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.341s (+2.0%)	8.343s (+7.0% 🔺)	1.002s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.449s (+7.9% 🔺)	8.480s (+10.4% 🔺)	1.032s	4	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	45.477s (-0.6%)	46.191s (~)	0.714s	1	6.22x
🐘 Postgres	Express	47.827s (-3.8%)	48.180s (-3.9%)	0.353s	1	6.55x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	56.057s (+7.5% 🔺)	56.129s (+5.6% 🔺)	0.072s	1	7.67x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.614s (+6.2% 🔺)	4.755s (+10.7% 🔺)	1.141s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.854s (+16.7% 🔺)	4.730s (+12.8% 🔺)	0.876s	7	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.401s (+12.0% 🔺)	5.281s (+12.4% 🔺)	0.880s	6	1.22x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.434s (-0.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.573s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.440s (+0.7%)	2.007s (~)	0.566s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.443s (+2.5%)	2.011s (~)	0.568s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.900s (-13.4% 🟢)	2.011s (-22.6% 🟢)	0.110s	15	1.33x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.178s (+3.6%)	2.749s (+9.4% 🔺)	0.572s	11	1.52x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.359s (+5.1% 🔺)	2.931s (+6.5% 🔺)	0.572s	11	1.65x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.660s (-9.5% 🟢)	3.663s (-6.5% 🟢)	1.003s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.674s (+4.5%)	3.919s (+11.0% 🔺)	1.246s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.732s (+3.8%)	3.800s (+1.8%)	1.068s	8	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	2.627s (-2.2%)	3.010s (~)	0.383s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.658s (+1.4%)	3.013s (~)	0.355s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.713s (-2.8%)	3.014s (-9.3% 🟢)	0.301s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.677s (-9.5% 🟢)	11.353s (-5.7% 🟢)	0.676s	3	4.06x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	11.782s (-1.1%)	12.077s (-2.4%)	0.295s	3	4.49x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.077s (+4.8%)	14.364s (+4.7%)	0.287s	3	5.36x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.802s (~)	3.697s (-0.6%)	0.894s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.952s (+2.5%)	3.865s (-0.8%)	0.913s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.443s (+20.3% 🔺)	4.418s (+14.2% 🔺)	0.976s	7	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	7.811s (+4.4%)	8.753s (+3.2%)	0.942s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.826s (-4.8%)	8.769s (-0.9%)	0.943s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.885s (+1.6%)	8.805s (+1.2%)	0.920s	4	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	48.346s (-7.5% 🟢)	49.165s (-7.5% 🟢)	0.819s	1	6.19x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	51.044s (-7.2% 🟢)	51.159s (-7.2% 🟢)	0.115s	1	6.54x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	57.719s (+6.9% 🔺)	58.146s (+7.4% 🔺)	0.427s	1	7.39x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.333s (+4.7%)	4.227s (+12.7% 🔺)	0.895s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.715s (+9.6% 🔺)	4.294s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.580s	7	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.059s (+26.3% 🔺)	4.581s (+15.7% 🔺)	0.523s	7	1.22x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.148s (+4.5%)	1.003s (~)	0.015s (-24.6% 🟢)	1.026s (~)	0.878s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.178s (-2.8%)	0.993s (~)	0.014s (-1.4%)	1.021s (~)	0.842s	10	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	0.181s (-1.8%)	0.992s (~)	0.014s (+1.5%)	1.020s (~)	0.840s	10	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.321s (+25.2% 🔺)	1.777s (+38.8% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.017s (+32.9% 🔺)	0.696s	10	8.92x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.414s (+6.3% 🔺)	1.656s (-3.2%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.014s (~)	0.600s	10	9.55x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.141s (+91.8% 🔺)	2.904s (+48.0% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	3.017s (+49.8% 🔺)	0.876s	10	14.45x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.785s (+5.6% 🔺)	3.296s (+2.6%)	0.118s (-40.0% 🟢)	3.904s (-0.5%)	1.119s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.803s (+3.6%)	3.292s (+3.9%)	0.199s (-31.6% 🟢)	4.022s (+1.9%)	1.219s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.903s (+13.8% 🔺)	3.219s (+3.6%)	0.178s (-30.5% 🟢)	3.892s (+3.3%)	0.989s	10	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7/12
🐘 Postgres	Express	6/12
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	10/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	💻 Local	10/12
Nitro	💻 Local	10/12

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	479	0	38	517
✅ 💻 Local Development	438	0	32	470
✅ 📦 Local Production	438	0	32	470
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	438	0	32	470
✅ 🪟 Windows	47	0	0	47
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	31	169	0	200
✅ 📋 Other	129	0	12	141
Total	2000	169	146	2315

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (169 failed)

mongodb (42 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

redis (42 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

starter (43 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

turso (42 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	43	0	4
✅ example	43	0	4
✅ express	43	0	4
✅ fastify	43	0	4
✅ hono	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack	46	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	46	0	1
✅ nitro	43	0	4
✅ nuxt	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit	43	0	4
✅ vite	43	0	4

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	43	0	4
✅ express-stable	43	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	43	0	4
✅ hono-stable	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	43	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	43	0	4
✅ vite-stable	43	0	4

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	43	0	4
✅ express-stable	43	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	43	0	4
✅ hono-stable	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	43	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	43	0	4
✅ vite-stable	43	0	4

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	43	0	4
✅ express-stable	43	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	43	0	4
✅ hono-stable	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	43	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	43	0	4
✅ vite-stable	43	0	4

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	47	0	0

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	5	42	0
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
❌ redis	5	42	0
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	4	43	0
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	5	42	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	43	0	4
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	43	0	4
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	43	0	4

---

📋 View full workflow run

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 97e1d18

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 15 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/docs-typecheck	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[ijjk]

Instead of placing this in a static folder which won't get cleaned up if this is added for one run but not on a successive run and then could get deployed it feels more correct for the flow.js endpoint to handle serving this or not.

That would reduce additional endpoint being exposed as well, similar to what we did for the health check

[TooTallNate]

Merge activity

• Feb 6, 8:22 PM UTC: A user started a stack merge that includes this pull request via Graphite.
• Feb 6, 8:22 PM UTC: @TooTallNate merged this pull request with Graphite.

[xmlking]

do we need to add public/.well-known/workflow/v1/manifest.json to .gitignore ?

[TooTallNate]

Summary

When WORKFLOW_PUBLIC_MANIFEST=1 is set, each framework builder exposes the workflow manifest at /.well-known/workflow/v1/manifest.json via the most appropriate mechanism for the framework:

• Next.js: Copies manifest to public/.well-known/workflow/v1/manifest.json (served as a static file)
• SvelteKit: Copies manifest to static/.well-known/workflow/v1/manifest.json (served as a static file)
• Vercel Build Output API (example workbench): Copies manifest to .vercel/output/static/.well-known/workflow/v1/manifest.json (served as a static file)
• Nitro (vite, hono, express, fastify, nuxt, nitro-v2, nitro-v3): Registers a virtual handler that reads and serves the manifest JSON
• Astro: Generates a manifest.json.js page route that returns the manifest JSON
• NestJS: Adds a @Get('manifest.json') endpoint on the WorkflowController (gated by the env var at runtime)

Other changes

• BaseBuilder.createManifest() now returns the manifest JSON string so framework builders can use it
• Added shouldExposePublicManifest getter to BaseBuilder
• Fixed Astro LocalBuilder which was missing the createManifest() call that all other framework builders have
• Removed unused public/ directory and static file copy from the example workbench build script
• Added WORKFLOW_PUBLIC_MANIFEST to turbo.json build task env so Vercel builds can access it
• Added generated manifest paths to .gitignore

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workflow-nest	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 6:49pm

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.038s (-11.8% 🟢)	1.016s (~)	0.978s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.043s (-2.0%)	1.007s (~)	0.964s	10	1.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.043s (-6.5% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.964s	10	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.127s (-35.8% 🟢)	1.023s (~)	0.897s	10	3.33x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.232s (-41.8% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.783s	10	6.09x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.334s (-16.7% 🟢)	1.015s (-2.6%)	0.682s	10	8.75x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.592s (+3.5%)	1.705s (+12.2% 🔺)	1.114s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.604s (-15.7% 🟢)	1.462s (-9.1% 🟢)	0.857s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.727s (-9.6% 🟢)	1.507s (-14.6% 🟢)	0.780s	10	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.100s (~)	2.012s (~)	0.912s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.115s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.892s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.116s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.890s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.182s (-6.9% 🟢)	3.013s (~)	0.831s	10	1.98x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.369s (+3.2%)	3.014s (~)	0.646s	10	2.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.415s (+31.4% 🔺)	3.019s (+42.6% 🔺)	0.604s	10	2.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.716s (+4.4%)	3.835s (+6.4% 🔺)	1.119s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.755s (+6.5% 🔺)	3.651s (-1.4%)	0.896s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.853s (+11.1% 🔺)	3.738s (+5.2% 🔺)	0.885s	10	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.726s (~)	11.020s (~)	0.294s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.831s (~)	11.015s (~)	0.183s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.844s (~)	11.016s (~)	0.171s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.250s (~)	21.042s (~)	0.791s	2	1.89x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.304s (+32.3% 🔺)	21.039s (+31.2% 🔺)	0.735s	2	1.89x
🐘 Postgres	Express	20.476s (+1.0%)	21.026s (~)	0.550s	2	1.91x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	20.846s (-1.8%)	21.742s (-0.5%)	0.895s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	21.228s (-3.2%)	22.051s (-2.3%)	0.823s	2	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	21.992s (+1.9%)	22.936s (+2.9%)	0.944s	2	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	27.240s (~)	28.022s (~)	0.782s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.471s (~)	28.024s (~)	0.553s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	27.472s (~)	28.024s (~)	0.552s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	38.215s (+1.2%)	39.082s (+2.7%)	0.866s	2	1.40x
🐘 Postgres	Express	43.157s (-14.1% 🟢)	43.554s (-14.7% 🟢)	0.397s	2	1.58x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	50.132s (+30.9% 🔺)	51.079s (+30.8% 🔺)	0.948s	2	1.84x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	52.502s (-4.8%)	52.948s (-4.6%)	0.445s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	52.591s (-1.5%)	53.385s (-1.6%)	0.794s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	53.499s (-0.6%)	54.604s (~)	1.105s	2	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	56.742s (~)	57.046s (~)	0.304s	2	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	57.087s (~)	58.040s (~)	0.952s	2	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	57.196s (~)	58.042s (~)	0.846s	2	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	75.214s (-21.0% 🟢)	76.099s (-20.8% 🟢)	0.885s	2	1.33x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	77.851s (-1.9%)	78.614s (-1.9%)	0.763s	2	1.37x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	100.440s (+33.2% 🔺)	101.142s (+32.9% 🔺)	0.702s	1	1.77x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	110.869s (-4.6%)	111.884s (-4.3%)	1.015s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	111.535s (-1.3%)	112.704s (-1.2%)	1.169s	1	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	113.864s (+4.8%)	114.497s (+5.0% 🔺)	0.633s	1	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.389s (+0.9%)	2.011s (~)	0.622s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.404s (-0.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.602s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.415s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.592s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.933s (-10.9% 🟢)	2.153s (-21.6% 🟢)	0.220s	14	1.39x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.086s (+19.5% 🔺)	2.602s (+16.5% 🔺)	0.515s	12	1.50x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.514s (+7.3% 🔺)	3.013s (+10.0% 🔺)	0.499s	10	1.81x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.819s (-9.2% 🟢)	3.784s (-6.1% 🟢)	0.965s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.855s (+4.3%)	3.756s (-2.8%)	0.902s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.931s (-7.2% 🟢)	4.027s (-2.9%)	1.096s	8	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	2.542s (-1.0%)	3.014s (~)	0.472s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.566s (+1.6%)	3.034s (-1.1%)	0.469s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.583s (~)	3.022s (~)	0.439s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	7.997s (-17.2% 🟢)	8.320s (-17.2% 🟢)	0.324s	4	3.15x
🐘 Postgres	Express	9.867s (+0.5%)	10.352s (+2.7%)	0.485s	3	3.88x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	11.105s (+1.3%)	11.714s (~)	0.609s	3	4.37x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.337s (+7.2% 🔺)	4.129s (+5.6% 🔺)	0.792s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.421s (+4.3%)	4.179s (+4.1%)	0.758s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.555s (+21.1% 🔺)	4.827s (+23.4% 🔺)	1.271s	8	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	7.307s (~)	8.292s (+2.4%)	0.985s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.341s (+2.0%)	8.343s (+7.0% 🔺)	1.002s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.449s (+7.9% 🔺)	8.480s (+10.4% 🔺)	1.032s	4	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	45.477s (-0.6%)	46.191s (~)	0.714s	1	6.22x
🐘 Postgres	Express	47.827s (-3.8%)	48.180s (-3.9%)	0.353s	1	6.55x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	56.057s (+7.5% 🔺)	56.129s (+5.6% 🔺)	0.072s	1	7.67x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.614s (+6.2% 🔺)	4.755s (+10.7% 🔺)	1.141s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.854s (+16.7% 🔺)	4.730s (+12.8% 🔺)	0.876s	7	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.401s (+12.0% 🔺)	5.281s (+12.4% 🔺)	0.880s	6	1.22x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.434s (-0.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.573s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.440s (+0.7%)	2.007s (~)	0.566s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.443s (+2.5%)	2.011s (~)	0.568s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.900s (-13.4% 🟢)	2.011s (-22.6% 🟢)	0.110s	15	1.33x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.178s (+3.6%)	2.749s (+9.4% 🔺)	0.572s	11	1.52x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.359s (+5.1% 🔺)	2.931s (+6.5% 🔺)	0.572s	11	1.65x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.660s (-9.5% 🟢)	3.663s (-6.5% 🟢)	1.003s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.674s (+4.5%)	3.919s (+11.0% 🔺)	1.246s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.732s (+3.8%)	3.800s (+1.8%)	1.068s	8	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	2.627s (-2.2%)	3.010s (~)	0.383s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.658s (+1.4%)	3.013s (~)	0.355s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.713s (-2.8%)	3.014s (-9.3% 🟢)	0.301s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.677s (-9.5% 🟢)	11.353s (-5.7% 🟢)	0.676s	3	4.06x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	11.782s (-1.1%)	12.077s (-2.4%)	0.295s	3	4.49x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.077s (+4.8%)	14.364s (+4.7%)	0.287s	3	5.36x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.802s (~)	3.697s (-0.6%)	0.894s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.952s (+2.5%)	3.865s (-0.8%)	0.913s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.443s (+20.3% 🔺)	4.418s (+14.2% 🔺)	0.976s	7	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	7.811s (+4.4%)	8.753s (+3.2%)	0.942s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.826s (-4.8%)	8.769s (-0.9%)	0.943s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.885s (+1.6%)	8.805s (+1.2%)	0.920s	4	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	48.346s (-7.5% 🟢)	49.165s (-7.5% 🟢)	0.819s	1	6.19x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	51.044s (-7.2% 🟢)	51.159s (-7.2% 🟢)	0.115s	1	6.54x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	57.719s (+6.9% 🔺)	58.146s (+7.4% 🔺)	0.427s	1	7.39x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.333s (+4.7%)	4.227s (+12.7% 🔺)	0.895s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.715s (+9.6% 🔺)	4.294s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.580s	7	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.059s (+26.3% 🔺)	4.581s (+15.7% 🔺)	0.523s	7	1.22x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.148s (+4.5%)	1.003s (~)	0.015s (-24.6% 🟢)	1.026s (~)	0.878s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.178s (-2.8%)	0.993s (~)	0.014s (-1.4%)	1.021s (~)	0.842s	10	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	0.181s (-1.8%)	0.992s (~)	0.014s (+1.5%)	1.020s (~)	0.840s	10	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.321s (+25.2% 🔺)	1.777s (+38.8% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.017s (+32.9% 🔺)	0.696s	10	8.92x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.414s (+6.3% 🔺)	1.656s (-3.2%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.014s (~)	0.600s	10	9.55x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.141s (+91.8% 🔺)	2.904s (+48.0% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	3.017s (+49.8% 🔺)	0.876s	10	14.45x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.785s (+5.6% 🔺)	3.296s (+2.6%)	0.118s (-40.0% 🟢)	3.904s (-0.5%)	1.119s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.803s (+3.6%)	3.292s (+3.9%)	0.199s (-31.6% 🟢)	4.022s (+1.9%)	1.219s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.903s (+13.8% 🔺)	3.219s (+3.6%)	0.178s (-30.5% 🟢)	3.892s (+3.3%)	0.989s	10	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7/12
🐘 Postgres	Express	6/12
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	10/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	💻 Local	10/12
Nitro	💻 Local	10/12

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	479	0	38	517
✅ 💻 Local Development	438	0	32	470
✅ 📦 Local Production	438	0	32	470
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	438	0	32	470
✅ 🪟 Windows	47	0	0	47
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	31	169	0	200
✅ 📋 Other	129	0	12	141
Total	2000	169	146	2315

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (169 failed)

mongodb (42 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

redis (42 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

starter (43 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

turso (42 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	43	0	4
✅ example	43	0	4
✅ express	43	0	4
✅ fastify	43	0	4
✅ hono	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack	46	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	46	0	1
✅ nitro	43	0	4
✅ nuxt	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit	43	0	4
✅ vite	43	0	4

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	43	0	4
✅ express-stable	43	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	43	0	4
✅ hono-stable	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	43	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	43	0	4
✅ vite-stable	43	0	4

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	43	0	4
✅ express-stable	43	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	43	0	4
✅ hono-stable	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	43	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	43	0	4
✅ vite-stable	43	0	4

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	43	0	4
✅ express-stable	43	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	43	0	4
✅ hono-stable	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	43	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	43	0	4
✅ vite-stable	43	0	4

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	47	0	0

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	5	42	0
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
❌ redis	5	42	0
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	4	43	0
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	5	42	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	43	0	4
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	43	0	4
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	43	0	4

---

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[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 97e1d18

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 15 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/docs-typecheck	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[ijjk]

Instead of placing this in a static folder which won't get cleaned up if this is added for one run but not on a successive run and then could get deployed it feels more correct for the flow.js endpoint to handle serving this or not.

That would reduce additional endpoint being exposed as well, similar to what we did for the health check

[TooTallNate]

Merge activity

• Feb 6, 8:22 PM UTC: A user started a stack merge that includes this pull request via Graphite.
• Feb 6, 8:22 PM UTC: @TooTallNate merged this pull request with Graphite.

[xmlking]

do we need to add public/.well-known/workflow/v1/manifest.json to .gitignore ?