Add provider wrappers for all official AI SDK providers - #986

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Add provider wrappers for all official AI SDK providers#986
pranaygp wants to merge 1 commit into
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feat/add-ai-sdk-providers

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@pranaygp

@pranaygppranaygp commented Feb 9, 2026•
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Summary

Adds step-boundary-compatible provider wrappers for 12 additional official AI SDK providers, matching the existing pattern used by openai, anthropic, google, xai, and gateway.

New providers:

  • Amazon Bedrock (@workflow/ai/amazon-bedrock)
  • Azure OpenAI (@workflow/ai/azure)
  • Cerebras (@workflow/ai/cerebras)
  • Cohere (@workflow/ai/cohere)
  • DeepInfra (@workflow/ai/deepinfra)
  • DeepSeek (@workflow/ai/deepseek)
  • Fireworks (@workflow/ai/fireworks)
  • Google Vertex AI (@workflow/ai/google-vertex)
  • Groq (@workflow/ai/groq)
  • Mistral (@workflow/ai/mistral)
  • Perplexity (@workflow/ai/perplexity)
  • TogetherAI (@workflow/ai/togetherai)

Each provider follows the same 'use step' wrapper pattern so that the model factory function survives step boundary serialization via the StepFunction serde mechanism. All provider SDK packages are added as optional dependencies.

Usage is identical to existing providers:

import{groq}from'@workflow/ai/groq';constagent=newDurableAgent({model: groq('llama-3.3-70b-versatile'),tools: { ... },});

Skipped providers:

  • @ai-sdk/huggingface — not a published package yet
  • @ai-sdk/openai-compatible — no default provider instance; requires custom configuration via createOpenAICompatible(). Users who need OpenAI-compatible providers can use the SDK package directly with a factory function.

Why some providers need as CompatibleLanguageModel casts

The 5 existing providers (openai, anthropic, google, xai, gateway) don't need casts because their SDK packages depend on @ai-sdk/provider@2.0.0 — the same copy that @workflow/ai resolves to. TypeScript sees identical types from the same package instance, so LanguageModelV2 satisfies CompatibleLanguageModel directly.

The 12 new providers depend on @ai-sdk/provider@3.0.8 (or @2.0.1 for amazon-bedrock/google-vertex), which pnpm resolves as a separate package instance. TypeScript treats types from different package copies as incompatible — even when they're structurally identical — causing TS2742 ("inferred type cannot be named") and TS2322 errors. The explicit return type annotation and as CompatibleLanguageModel cast is the only way to make these compile cleanly.

This is safe at runtime because both V2 and V3 models have the same structural doStream interface that @workflow/ai relies on.

Note: Upgrading to AI SDK v6 exclusively (dropping v5 support) was explored as a way to unify on @ai-sdk/provider@3.x across all packages. However, this requires migrating all consumer code (do-stream-step.ts, durable-agent.ts, etc.) from V2 to V3 types, and several provider SDKs still don't have v3 releases. That's a larger effort tracked separately.

Test plan

  • Verified build compiles with no new errors
  • Verified all 40 existing tests pass
  • Test with a user app that uses one of the new providers

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

@pranaygp@claude
Add step-boundary-compatible provider wrappers for all official AI SD…
0a9f8c1
…K providers
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
CopilotAI review requested due to automatic review settings February 9, 2026 22:11
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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 0a9f8c1

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 1 package
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@workflow/aiPatch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

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🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
❌ ▲ Vercel Production489138528
❌ 💻 Local Development3774162480
✅ 📦 Local Production418062480
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres418062480
✅ 🪟 Windows450348
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds106419156
✅ 📋 Other123021144
Total1976832572316

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (1 failed)

nextjs-webpack (1 failed):

  • sleepingWorkflow
💻 Local Development (41 failed)

express-stable (41 failed):

  • addTenWorkflow
  • addTenWorkflow
  • promiseAllWorkflow
  • promiseRaceWorkflow
  • promiseAnyWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow
  • webhookWorkflow
  • webhook route with invalid token
  • sleepingWorkflow
  • nullByteWorkflow
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
  • fetchWorkflow
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
  • error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
  • error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
  • error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
  • error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
  • error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
  • stepDirectCallWorkflow - calling step functions directly outside workflow context
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
  • health check endpoint (HTTP) - workflow and step endpoints respond to __health query parameter
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
  • pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
  • Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
  • AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
  • ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
  • customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
  • instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
  • crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
  • stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
🌍 Community Worlds (41 failed)

turso (41 failed):

  • addTenWorkflow
  • addTenWorkflow
  • should work with react rendering in step
  • promiseAllWorkflow
  • promiseRaceWorkflow
  • promiseAnyWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow
  • webhookWorkflow
  • sleepingWorkflow
  • nullByteWorkflow
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
  • fetchWorkflow
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
  • error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
  • error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
  • error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
  • error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
  • error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
  • Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
  • AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
  • ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
  • customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
  • instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
  • crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
  • stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
  • pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro4404
✅ example4404
✅ express4404
✅ fastify4404
✅ hono4404
✅ nextjs-turbopack4701
❌ nextjs-webpack4611
✅ nitro4404
✅ nuxt4404
✅ sveltekit4404
✅ vite4404
❌ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4107
❌ express-stable0417
✅ fastify-stable4107
✅ hono-stable4107
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable4503
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable4503
✅ nitro-stable4107
✅ nuxt-stable4107
✅ sveltekit-stable4107
✅ vite-stable4107
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4107
✅ express-stable4107
✅ fastify-stable4107
✅ hono-stable4107
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable4503
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable4503
✅ nitro-stable4107
✅ nuxt-stable4107
✅ sveltekit-stable4107
✅ vite-stable4107
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4107
✅ express-stable4107
✅ fastify-stable4107
✅ hono-stable4107
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable4503
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable4503
✅ nitro-stable4107
✅ nuxt-stable4107
✅ sveltekit-stable4107
✅ vite-stable4107
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack4503
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ mongodb-dev300
✅ mongodb4503
✅ redis-dev300
✅ redis4503
✅ starter-dev300
✅ turso-dev300
❌ turso4413
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable4107
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable4107
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable4107

📋 View full workflow run

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

  • Vercel Prod: failure
  • Local Dev: failure
  • Local Prod: success
  • Local Postgres: success
  • Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro0.031s (-4.3%)1.005s (~)0.974s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress0.032s (-7.5% 🟢)1.004s (~)0.972s101.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.042s1.005s0.963s101.37x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.045s1.005s0.960s101.44x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.085s1.007s0.922s102.76x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.141s (-65.3% 🟢)1.009s (-1.2%)0.869s104.55x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.477s (+115.5% 🔺)1.009s (~)0.532s1015.44x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express0.769s (-15.8% 🟢)2.450s (+3.2%)1.681s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro0.861s (-4.8%)2.524s (+4.5%)1.662s101.12x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)0.864s (-11.5% 🟢)2.436s (-12.4% 🟢)1.572s101.12x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.098s2.005s0.908s101.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)1.100s2.006s0.906s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro1.103s (~)2.005s (~)0.902s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.106s (~)2.005s (~)0.899s101.01x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)1.300s2.008s0.708s101.18x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.355s (-4.2%)3.014s (~)0.658s102.15x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.365s (+4.8%)3.014s (~)0.649s102.15x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.603s (-2.3%)3.828s (+7.1% 🔺)1.224s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.750s (+5.5% 🔺)4.114s (+8.0% 🔺)1.363s101.06x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.780s (+1.8%)4.144s (+1.6%)1.364s101.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)10.689s11.021s0.332s31.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.692s11.021s0.330s31.00x
💻 LocalNitro10.813s (~)11.022s (~)0.209s31.01x
💻 LocalExpress10.834s (~)11.021s (~)0.187s31.01x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)12.230s13.018s0.788s31.14x
🐘 PostgresNitro20.230s (-0.6%)21.055s (~)0.825s21.89x
🐘 PostgresExpress20.399s (+1.5%)21.059s (~)0.659s21.91x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro19.605s (~)20.998s (-0.9%)1.392s21.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)19.738s (+1.2%)21.071s (+3.1%)1.333s21.01x
▲ VercelExpress19.770s (-0.6%)21.286s (~)1.516s21.01x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)26.886s27.050s0.164s31.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)27.115s28.051s0.936s31.01x
💻 LocalNitro27.425s (-0.7%)28.051s (~)0.625s31.02x
💻 LocalExpress27.512s (~)28.050s (~)0.539s31.02x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)30.506s31.037s0.531s21.13x
🐘 PostgresExpress50.209s (~)51.134s (~)0.925s21.87x
🐘 PostgresNitro50.511s (~)51.122s (~)0.612s21.88x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)48.883s (-3.5%)50.465s (-3.6%)1.583s21.00x
▲ VercelNitro49.279s (+0.8%)50.435s (~)1.156s21.01x
▲ VercelExpress49.688s (+2.3%)51.403s (+2.5%)1.715s21.02x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)54.316s55.099s0.783s21.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)56.408s57.101s0.692s21.04x
💻 LocalNitro56.986s (-0.7%)57.097s (-1.7%)0.111s21.05x
💻 LocalExpress57.184s (~)58.100s (+0.9%)0.916s21.05x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)61.153s62.072s0.919s21.13x
🐘 PostgresNitro100.152s (~)100.213s (-1.0%)0.061s11.84x
🐘 PostgresExpress100.375s (~)101.241s (~)0.866s11.85x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)103.197s (+1.9%)104.035s (+1.2%)0.838s11.00x
▲ VercelNitro104.722s (~)106.206s (~)1.484s11.01x
▲ VercelExpress105.039s (~)106.542s (~)1.503s11.02x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.250s2.006s0.756s151.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.376s2.005s0.629s151.10x
💻 LocalExpress1.398s (-1.1%)2.005s (~)0.606s151.12x
💻 LocalNitro1.409s (+1.1%)2.005s (~)0.597s151.13x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.147s3.008s0.862s101.72x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.221s (-3.6%)3.013s (~)0.792s101.78x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.408s (+3.2%)3.013s (~)0.606s101.93x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.786s (-14.7% 🟢)3.894s (-13.7% 🟢)1.108s81.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.031s (+1.4%)4.096s (-3.1%)1.064s81.09x
▲ VercelNitro3.088s (-19.2% 🟢)4.395s (-23.9% 🟢)1.307s71.11x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.470s3.008s0.538s101.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)2.503s3.007s0.505s101.01x
💻 LocalNitro2.520s (-3.6%)3.006s (~)0.486s101.02x
💻 LocalExpress2.558s (+0.9%)3.008s (~)0.450s101.04x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.761s5.178s0.417s61.93x
🐘 PostgresNitro8.385s (-1.5%)8.780s (~)0.395s43.39x
🐘 PostgresExpress8.742s (-2.0%)9.280s (~)0.538s43.54x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)3.163s (~)4.567s (+2.5%)1.404s71.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.251s (-4.2%)4.518s (+1.3%)1.267s71.03x
▲ VercelExpress3.338s (+5.5% 🔺)4.301s (-1.4%)0.963s71.06x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)4.036s4.867s0.831s71.00x
💻 LocalNitro7.026s (-5.5% 🟢)7.765s (-3.2%)0.739s41.74x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)7.137s7.413s0.275s51.77x
💻 LocalExpress7.462s (+6.0% 🔺)8.024s (+3.3%)0.562s41.85x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)9.919s10.351s0.432s32.46x
🐘 PostgresExpress46.535s (-4.7%)47.125s (-4.1%)0.590s111.53x
🐘 PostgresNitro49.744s (-1.8%)50.104s (-2.0%)0.360s112.32x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express5.268s (+50.6% 🔺)6.266s (+19.3% 🔺)0.998s61.00x
▲ VercelNitro5.712s (+51.9% 🔺)7.349s (+25.8% 🔺)1.637s51.08x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)7.729s (+99.2% 🔺)9.071s (+69.0% 🔺)1.341s41.47x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.277s2.006s0.729s151.00x
💻 LocalNitro1.421s (-1.2%)2.005s (~)0.584s151.11x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.429s2.005s0.576s151.12x
💻 LocalExpress1.444s (+2.3%)2.005s (~)0.561s151.13x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.046s (-6.8% 🟢)2.681s (~)0.636s121.60x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.059s (+1.7%)2.511s (+8.3% 🔺)0.452s121.61x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.174s3.007s0.834s101.70x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.610s (-13.1% 🟢)3.680s (-19.6% 🟢)1.071s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.640s (-9.1% 🟢)3.770s (-5.0% 🟢)1.130s81.01x
▲ VercelNitro2.659s (-5.5% 🟢)4.225s (+5.2% 🔺)1.565s81.02x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.513s3.008s0.495s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.565s3.008s0.443s101.02x
💻 LocalNitro2.604s (-4.3%)3.007s (~)0.403s101.04x
💻 LocalExpress2.687s (+0.7%)3.007s (~)0.321s101.07x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.667s5.175s0.509s61.86x
🐘 PostgresExpress11.920s (-6.4% 🟢)12.377s (-7.5% 🟢)0.457s34.74x
🐘 PostgresNitro12.031s (+5.6% 🔺)12.701s (+8.6% 🔺)0.669s34.79x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.904s (-2.5%)3.937s (-5.3% 🟢)1.033s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.911s (+2.6%)3.897s (-3.5%)0.986s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.973s (+1.6%)4.349s (-5.0% 🟢)1.375s71.02x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)4.095s4.868s0.773s71.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)7.295s7.514s0.219s41.78x
💻 LocalNitro7.487s (-6.4% 🟢)8.019s (-8.6% 🟢)0.533s41.83x
💻 LocalExpress7.907s (+3.8%)8.277s (+3.3%)0.370s41.93x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)10.049s10.348s0.299s32.45x
🐘 PostgresExpress51.210s (-2.3%)52.130s (-1.9%)0.920s112.51x
🐘 PostgresNitro54.770s (+7.7% 🔺)55.119s (+7.8% 🔺)0.349s113.38x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)3.650s (+6.2% 🔺)4.753s (-8.2% 🟢)1.103s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.908s (+1.9%)5.251s (+2.6%)1.343s61.07x
▲ VercelNitro4.233s (+15.7% 🔺)5.440s (+10.9% 🔺)1.207s61.16x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.138s1.001s0.010s1.015s0.877s101.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.157s1.000s0.001s1.007s0.850s101.14x
💻 LocalNitro0.168s (-4.0%)1.002s (~)0.010s (-12.5% 🟢)1.015s (~)0.847s101.22x
💻 LocalExpress0.174s (-1.5%)1.002s (~)0.010s (+6.3% 🔺)1.015s (~)0.841s101.27x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.515s0.931s0.001s1.009s0.493s103.74x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.295s (-4.4%)2.739s (+3.9%)0.001s (-25.0% 🟢)3.013s (~)0.718s1016.66x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.477s (+14.3% 🔺)2.564s (-10.9% 🟢)0.001s (~)3.014s (~)0.538s1017.97x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.495s (-15.1% 🟢)3.275s (-11.7% 🟢)0.247s (+49.2% 🔺)4.250s (-10.9% 🟢)1.755s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.529s (-4.9%)3.291s (+6.9% 🔺)0.407s (+204.8% 🔺)4.536s (+13.0% 🔺)2.007s101.01x
▲ VercelExpress3.073s (+22.3% 🔺)3.474s (+16.5% 🔺)0.181s (-33.6% 🟢)4.418s (+10.3% 🔺)1.345s101.23x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)9/12
🐘 PostgresExpress6/12
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)7/12
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express💻 Local10/12
Next.js (Turbopack)🌐 Redis7/12
Nitro💻 Local10/12
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run

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Review the following changes in direct dependencies. Learn more about Socket for GitHub.

DiffPackageSupply Chain
Security		VulnerabilityQualityMaintenanceLicense
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​azure@​3.0.27741008398100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​togetherai@​2.0.311001008498100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​deepinfra@​2.0.32991008598100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​deepseek@​2.0.181001008598100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​mistral@​3.0.191001008598100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​cohere@​3.0.191001008598100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​cerebras@​2.0.311001008698100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​perplexity@​3.0.181001008898100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​fireworks@​2.0.321001008998100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​groq@​3.0.2210010010098100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​amazon-bedrock@​3.0.7710010010098100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​google-vertex@​3.0.10010010010098100

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Pull request overview

Adds @workflow/ai/* entrypoints for additional official AI SDK providers using the existing 'use step' wrapper approach so model factory functions can cross workflow step boundaries.

Changes:

  • Added 12 new provider wrapper modules under packages/ai/src/providers/*.
  • Exposed new provider entrypoints via packages/ai/package.jsonexports and added corresponding optional dependencies.
  • Updated lockfile and added a changeset for a patch release of @workflow/ai.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 14 out of 15 changed files in this pull request and generated 12 comments.

Show a summary per file
FileDescription
pnpm-lock.yamlAdds resolved optional dependencies for the new AI SDK provider packages (and their transitive deps).
packages/ai/package.jsonAdds exports entries for new provider subpath entrypoints and lists new provider SDKs as optional dependencies.
packages/ai/src/providers/amazon-bedrock.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Bedrock provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/azure.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Azure provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/cerebras.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Cerebras provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/cohere.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Cohere provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/deepinfra.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for DeepInfra provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/deepseek.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for DeepSeek provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/fireworks.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Fireworks provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/google-vertex.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Google Vertex provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/groq.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Groq provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/mistral.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Mistral provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/perplexity.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Perplexity provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/togetherai.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for TogetherAI provider factory.
.changeset/add-ai-sdk-providers.mdDeclares a patch release noting the new provider wrappers.
Files not reviewed (1)
  • pnpm-lock.yaml: Language not supported

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Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/mistral.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/amazon-bedrock.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/azure.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/cohere.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/fireworks.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/togetherai.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/cerebras.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/deepinfra.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/deepseek.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/google-vertex.ts
@pranaygp

pranaygp commented Feb 11, 2026•
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Closing: blocked on AI SDK v6 upgrade

After investigating the type compatibility issues flagged by Copilot's review, I'm closing this PR. The as CompatibleLanguageModel casts required by all 12 new providers aren't a good pattern to ship.

Root cause

All 12 new provider SDKs resolve to a different copy of @ai-sdk/provider than what @workflow/ai uses:

Provider SDKs@ai-sdk/provider version
@workflow/ai (direct dep)2.0.0
amazon-bedrock, google-vertex2.0.1
azure, cerebras, cohere, deepinfra, deepseek, fireworks, groq, mistral, perplexity, togetherai3.0.8

pnpm installs these as separate package instances, and TypeScript treats types from different copies as incompatible — even when structurally identical. This causes TS2742 ("inferred type cannot be named") on every new provider when you try to match the clean pattern used by the existing 5 providers (openai, anthropic, google, xai, gateway), which all happen to resolve to @ai-sdk/provider@2.0.0.

The only workaround is explicit return type annotations + as CompatibleLanguageModel casts, which hides the provider's concrete model type from consumers.

Why the existing providers work

openai, anthropic, google, xai, and gateway SDKs all depend on @ai-sdk/provider@2.0.0 — the same copy that @workflow/ai resolves to. TypeScript can name the types directly, so LanguageModelV2 satisfies CompatibleLanguageModel without any cast.

Path forward

Upgrading to AI SDK v6 exclusively (dropping v5 support) would unify the workspace on @ai-sdk/provider@3.x, eliminating the dual-version problem. However, that upgrade requires:

  1. Migrating consumer code (do-stream-step.ts, durable-agent.ts, stream-text-iterator.ts, tools-to-model-tools.ts) from V2 to V3 types
  2. Handling provider SDKs that don't have v3 releases yet (cerebras, deepinfra, deepseek, fireworks, togetherai)
  3. Handling provider SDKs whose v3 still depends on @ai-sdk/provider@2.0.1 (amazon-bedrock, google-vertex)

Once v6 is landed, adding these provider wrappers becomes trivial — just copy the existing openai/anthropic pattern with no casts needed.

cc @gr2m@lgrammel@TooTallNate — tagging for visibility since this is blocked on @ai-sdk/provider version alignment across provider packages.

@lgrammel

lgrammel commented Feb 11, 2026

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@pranaygp@gr2m all ai sdk 6 providers should use the v3 provider spec. the dependencies happen automatically:

https://github.com/vercel/ai/blob/main/packages/amazon-bedrock/package.json#L54

so I do not understand how you can have providers with older @ai-sdk/provider versions. you probably just need to upgrade them to their latest version?

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Add provider wrappers for all official AI SDK providers - #986
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Summary
Adds step-boundary-compatible provider wrappers for 12 additional official AI SDK providers, matching the existing pattern used by openai, anthropic, google, xai, and gateway.
New providers:
  • Amazon Bedrock (@workflow/ai/amazon-bedrock)
  • Azure OpenAI (@workflow/ai/azure)
  • Cerebras (@workflow/ai/cerebras)
  • Cohere (@workflow/ai/cohere)
  • DeepInfra (@workflow/ai/deepinfra)
  • DeepSeek (@workflow/ai/deepseek)
  • Fireworks (@workflow/ai/fireworks)
  • Google Vertex AI (@workflow/ai/google-vertex)
  • Groq (@workflow/ai/groq)
  • Mistral (@workflow/ai/mistral)
  • Perplexity (@workflow/ai/perplexity)
  • TogetherAI (@workflow/ai/togetherai)
Each provider follows the same 'use step' wrapper pattern so that the model factory function survives step boundary serialization via the StepFunction serde mechanism. All provider SDK packages are added as optional dependencies.
Usage is identical to existing providers:
import{groq}from'@workflow/ai/groq';constagent=newDurableAgent({model: groq('llama-3.3-70b-versatile'),tools: { ... },});
Skipped providers:
  • @ai-sdk/huggingface — not a published package yet
  • @ai-sdk/openai-compatible — no default provider instance; requires custom configuration via createOpenAICompatible(). Users who need OpenAI-compatible providers can use the SDK package directly with a factory function.
Why some providers need as CompatibleLanguageModel casts
The 5 existing providers (openai, anthropic, google, xai, gateway) don't need casts because their SDK packages depend on @ai-sdk/provider@2.0.0 — the same copy that @workflow/ai resolves to. TypeScript sees identical types from the same package instance, so LanguageModelV2 satisfies CompatibleLanguageModel directly.
The 12 new providers depend on @ai-sdk/provider@3.0.8 (or @2.0.1 for amazon-bedrock/google-vertex), which pnpm resolves as a separate package instance. TypeScript treats types from different package copies as incompatible — even when they're structurally identical — causing TS2742 ("inferred type cannot be named") and TS2322 errors. The explicit return type annotation and as CompatibleLanguageModel cast is the only way to make these compile cleanly.
This is safe at runtime because both V2 and V3 models have the same structural doStream interface that @workflow/ai relies on.
Note: Upgrading to AI SDK v6 exclusively (dropping v5 support) was explored as a way to unify on @ai-sdk/provider@3.x across all packages. However, this requires migrating all consumer code (do-stream-step.ts, durable-agent.ts, etc.) from V2 to V3 types, and several provider SDKs still don't have v3 releases. That's a larger effort tracked separately.
Test plan
  •  Verified build compiles with no new errors
  •  Verified all 40 existing tests pass
  •  Test with a user app that uses one of the new providers
🤖 Generated with Claude Code
@pranaygp@claude
Add step-boundary-compatible provider wrappers for all official AI SD…
0a9f8c1
…K providers
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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review requested due to automatic review settings
February 9, 2026 22:11
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🦋 Changeset detected
Latest commit: 0a9f8c1
The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.
This PR includes changesets to release 1 package
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@workflow/aiPatch
Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.
Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR
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The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.
ProjectDeploymentActionsUpdated (UTC)
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🧪 E2E Test Results
❌ Some tests failed
Summary
PassedFailedSkippedTotal
❌ ▲ Vercel Production489138528
❌ 💻 Local Development3774162480
✅ 📦 Local Production418062480
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres418062480
✅ 🪟 Windows450348
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds106419156
✅ 📋 Other123021144
Total1976832572316
❌ Failed Tests
▲ Vercel Production (1 failed)
nextjs-webpack (1 failed):
  • sleepingWorkflow
💻 Local Development (41 failed)
express-stable (41 failed):
  • addTenWorkflow
  • addTenWorkflow
  • promiseAllWorkflow
  • promiseRaceWorkflow
  • promiseAnyWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow
  • webhookWorkflow
  • webhook route with invalid token
  • sleepingWorkflow
  • nullByteWorkflow
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
  • fetchWorkflow
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
  • error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
  • error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
  • error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
  • error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
  • error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
  • stepDirectCallWorkflow - calling step functions directly outside workflow context
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
  • health check endpoint (HTTP) - workflow and step endpoints respond to __health query parameter
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
  • pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
  • Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
  • AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
  • ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
  • customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
  • instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
  • crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
  • stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
🌍 Community Worlds (41 failed)
turso (41 failed):
  • addTenWorkflow
  • addTenWorkflow
  • should work with react rendering in step
  • promiseAllWorkflow
  • promiseRaceWorkflow
  • promiseAnyWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow
  • webhookWorkflow
  • sleepingWorkflow
  • nullByteWorkflow
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
  • fetchWorkflow
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
  • error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
  • error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
  • error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
  • error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
  • error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
  • Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
  • AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
  • ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
  • customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
  • instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
  • crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
  • stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
  • pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
Details by Category
❌ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro4404
✅ example4404
✅ express4404
✅ fastify4404
✅ hono4404
✅ nextjs-turbopack4701
❌ nextjs-webpack4611
✅ nitro4404
✅ nuxt4404
✅ sveltekit4404
✅ vite4404
❌ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4107
❌ express-stable0417
✅ fastify-stable4107
✅ hono-stable4107
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable4503
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable4503
✅ nitro-stable4107
✅ nuxt-stable4107
✅ sveltekit-stable4107
✅ vite-stable4107
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4107
✅ express-stable4107
✅ fastify-stable4107
✅ hono-stable4107
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable4503
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable4503
✅ nitro-stable4107
✅ nuxt-stable4107
✅ sveltekit-stable4107
✅ vite-stable4107
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4107
✅ express-stable4107
✅ fastify-stable4107
✅ hono-stable4107
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable4503
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable4503
✅ nitro-stable4107
✅ nuxt-stable4107
✅ sveltekit-stable4107
✅ vite-stable4107
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack4503
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ mongodb-dev300
✅ mongodb4503
✅ redis-dev300
✅ redis4503
✅ starter-dev300
✅ turso-dev300
❌ turso4413
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable4107
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable4107
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable4107
📋 View full workflow run
❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:
  • Vercel Prod: failure
  • Local Dev: failure
  • Local Prod: success
  • Local Postgres: success
  • Windows: success
Check the workflow run for details.
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Feb 9, 2026•

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📊 Benchmark Results
📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.
workflow with no steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro0.031s (-4.3%)1.005s (~)0.974s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress0.032s (-7.5% 🟢)1.004s (~)0.972s101.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.042s1.005s0.963s101.37x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.045s1.005s0.960s101.44x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.085s1.007s0.922s102.76x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.141s (-65.3% 🟢)1.009s (-1.2%)0.869s104.55x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.477s (+115.5% 🔺)1.009s (~)0.532s1015.44x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express0.769s (-15.8% 🟢)2.450s (+3.2%)1.681s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro0.861s (-4.8%)2.524s (+4.5%)1.662s101.12x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)0.864s (-11.5% 🟢)2.436s (-12.4% 🟢)1.572s101.12x
🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)
workflow with 1 step
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.098s2.005s0.908s101.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)1.100s2.006s0.906s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro1.103s (~)2.005s (~)0.902s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.106s (~)2.005s (~)0.899s101.01x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)1.300s2.008s0.708s101.18x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.355s (-4.2%)3.014s (~)0.658s102.15x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.365s (+4.8%)3.014s (~)0.649s102.15x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.603s (-2.3%)3.828s (+7.1% 🔺)1.224s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.750s (+5.5% 🔺)4.114s (+8.0% 🔺)1.363s101.06x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.780s (+1.8%)4.144s (+1.6%)1.364s101.07x
🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)
workflow with 10 sequential steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)10.689s11.021s0.332s31.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.692s11.021s0.330s31.00x
💻 LocalNitro10.813s (~)11.022s (~)0.209s31.01x
💻 LocalExpress10.834s (~)11.021s (~)0.187s31.01x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)12.230s13.018s0.788s31.14x
🐘 PostgresNitro20.230s (-0.6%)21.055s (~)0.825s21.89x
🐘 PostgresExpress20.399s (+1.5%)21.059s (~)0.659s21.91x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro19.605s (~)20.998s (-0.9%)1.392s21.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)19.738s (+1.2%)21.071s (+3.1%)1.333s21.01x
▲ VercelExpress19.770s (-0.6%)21.286s (~)1.516s21.01x
🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express
workflow with 25 sequential steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)26.886s27.050s0.164s31.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)27.115s28.051s0.936s31.01x
💻 LocalNitro27.425s (-0.7%)28.051s (~)0.625s31.02x
💻 LocalExpress27.512s (~)28.050s (~)0.539s31.02x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)30.506s31.037s0.531s21.13x
🐘 PostgresExpress50.209s (~)51.134s (~)0.925s21.87x
🐘 PostgresNitro50.511s (~)51.122s (~)0.612s21.88x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)48.883s (-3.5%)50.465s (-3.6%)1.583s21.00x
▲ VercelNitro49.279s (+0.8%)50.435s (~)1.156s21.01x
▲ VercelExpress49.688s (+2.3%)51.403s (+2.5%)1.715s21.02x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express
workflow with 50 sequential steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)54.316s55.099s0.783s21.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)56.408s57.101s0.692s21.04x
💻 LocalNitro56.986s (-0.7%)57.097s (-1.7%)0.111s21.05x
💻 LocalExpress57.184s (~)58.100s (+0.9%)0.916s21.05x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)61.153s62.072s0.919s21.13x
🐘 PostgresNitro100.152s (~)100.213s (-1.0%)0.061s11.84x
🐘 PostgresExpress100.375s (~)101.241s (~)0.866s11.85x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)103.197s (+1.9%)104.035s (+1.2%)0.838s11.00x
▲ VercelNitro104.722s (~)106.206s (~)1.484s11.01x
▲ VercelExpress105.039s (~)106.542s (~)1.503s11.02x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express
Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.250s2.006s0.756s151.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.376s2.005s0.629s151.10x
💻 LocalExpress1.398s (-1.1%)2.005s (~)0.606s151.12x
💻 LocalNitro1.409s (+1.1%)2.005s (~)0.597s151.13x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.147s3.008s0.862s101.72x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.221s (-3.6%)3.013s (~)0.792s101.78x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.408s (+3.2%)3.013s (~)0.606s101.93x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.786s (-14.7% 🟢)3.894s (-13.7% 🟢)1.108s81.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.031s (+1.4%)4.096s (-3.1%)1.064s81.09x
▲ VercelNitro3.088s (-19.2% 🟢)4.395s (-23.9% 🟢)1.307s71.11x
🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro
Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.470s3.008s0.538s101.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)2.503s3.007s0.505s101.01x
💻 LocalNitro2.520s (-3.6%)3.006s (~)0.486s101.02x
💻 LocalExpress2.558s (+0.9%)3.008s (~)0.450s101.04x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.761s5.178s0.417s61.93x
🐘 PostgresNitro8.385s (-1.5%)8.780s (~)0.395s43.39x
🐘 PostgresExpress8.742s (-2.0%)9.280s (~)0.538s43.54x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)3.163s (~)4.567s (+2.5%)1.404s71.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.251s (-4.2%)4.518s (+1.3%)1.267s71.03x
▲ VercelExpress3.338s (+5.5% 🔺)4.301s (-1.4%)0.963s71.06x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express
Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)4.036s4.867s0.831s71.00x
💻 LocalNitro7.026s (-5.5% 🟢)7.765s (-3.2%)0.739s41.74x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)7.137s7.413s0.275s51.77x
💻 LocalExpress7.462s (+6.0% 🔺)8.024s (+3.3%)0.562s41.85x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)9.919s10.351s0.432s32.46x
🐘 PostgresExpress46.535s (-4.7%)47.125s (-4.1%)0.590s111.53x
🐘 PostgresNitro49.744s (-1.8%)50.104s (-2.0%)0.360s112.32x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express5.268s (+50.6% 🔺)6.266s (+19.3% 🔺)0.998s61.00x
▲ VercelNitro5.712s (+51.9% 🔺)7.349s (+25.8% 🔺)1.637s51.08x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)7.729s (+99.2% 🔺)9.071s (+69.0% 🔺)1.341s41.47x
🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)
Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.277s2.006s0.729s151.00x
💻 LocalNitro1.421s (-1.2%)2.005s (~)0.584s151.11x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.429s2.005s0.576s151.12x
💻 LocalExpress1.444s (+2.3%)2.005s (~)0.561s151.13x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.046s (-6.8% 🟢)2.681s (~)0.636s121.60x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.059s (+1.7%)2.511s (+8.3% 🔺)0.452s121.61x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.174s3.007s0.834s101.70x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.610s (-13.1% 🟢)3.680s (-19.6% 🟢)1.071s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.640s (-9.1% 🟢)3.770s (-5.0% 🟢)1.130s81.01x
▲ VercelNitro2.659s (-5.5% 🟢)4.225s (+5.2% 🔺)1.565s81.02x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro
Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.513s3.008s0.495s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.565s3.008s0.443s101.02x
💻 LocalNitro2.604s (-4.3%)3.007s (~)0.403s101.04x
💻 LocalExpress2.687s (+0.7%)3.007s (~)0.321s101.07x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.667s5.175s0.509s61.86x
🐘 PostgresExpress11.920s (-6.4% 🟢)12.377s (-7.5% 🟢)0.457s34.74x
🐘 PostgresNitro12.031s (+5.6% 🔺)12.701s (+8.6% 🔺)0.669s34.79x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.904s (-2.5%)3.937s (-5.3% 🟢)1.033s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.911s (+2.6%)3.897s (-3.5%)0.986s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.973s (+1.6%)4.349s (-5.0% 🟢)1.375s71.02x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro
Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)4.095s4.868s0.773s71.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)7.295s7.514s0.219s41.78x
💻 LocalNitro7.487s (-6.4% 🟢)8.019s (-8.6% 🟢)0.533s41.83x
💻 LocalExpress7.907s (+3.8%)8.277s (+3.3%)0.370s41.93x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)10.049s10.348s0.299s32.45x
🐘 PostgresExpress51.210s (-2.3%)52.130s (-1.9%)0.920s112.51x
🐘 PostgresNitro54.770s (+7.7% 🔺)55.119s (+7.8% 🔺)0.349s113.38x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)3.650s (+6.2% 🔺)4.753s (-8.2% 🟢)1.103s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.908s (+1.9%)5.251s (+2.6%)1.343s61.07x
▲ VercelNitro4.233s (+15.7% 🔺)5.440s (+10.9% 🔺)1.207s61.16x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro
Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.138s1.001s0.010s1.015s0.877s101.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.157s1.000s0.001s1.007s0.850s101.14x
💻 LocalNitro0.168s (-4.0%)1.002s (~)0.010s (-12.5% 🟢)1.015s (~)0.847s101.22x
💻 LocalExpress0.174s (-1.5%)1.002s (~)0.010s (+6.3% 🔺)1.015s (~)0.841s101.27x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.515s0.931s0.001s1.009s0.493s103.74x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.295s (-4.4%)2.739s (+3.9%)0.001s (-25.0% 🟢)3.013s (~)0.718s1016.66x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.477s (+14.3% 🔺)2.564s (-10.9% 🟢)0.001s (~)3.014s (~)0.538s1017.97x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.495s (-15.1% 🟢)3.275s (-11.7% 🟢)0.247s (+49.2% 🔺)4.250s (-10.9% 🟢)1.755s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.529s (-4.9%)3.291s (+6.9% 🔺)0.407s (+204.8% 🔺)4.536s (+13.0% 🔺)2.007s101.01x
▲ VercelExpress3.073s (+22.3% 🔺)3.474s (+16.5% 🔺)0.181s (-33.6% 🟢)4.418s (+10.3% 🔺)1.345s101.23x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express
Summary
Fastest Framework by World
Winner determined by most benchmark wins
World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)9/12
🐘 PostgresExpress6/12
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)7/12
Fastest World by Framework
Winner determined by most benchmark wins
Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express💻 Local10/12
Next.js (Turbopack)🌐 Redis7/12
Nitro💻 Local10/12
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark
Worlds:
  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
📋 View full workflow run
@socket-security
socket-securityBot
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Feb 9, 2026

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Review the following changes in direct dependencies. Learn more about Socket for GitHub.
DiffPackageSupply Chain
Security		VulnerabilityQualityMaintenanceLicense
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​azure@​3.0.27741008398100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​togetherai@​2.0.311001008498100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​deepinfra@​2.0.32991008598100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​deepseek@​2.0.181001008598100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​mistral@​3.0.191001008598100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​cohere@​3.0.191001008598100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​cerebras@​2.0.311001008698100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​perplexity@​3.0.181001008898100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​fireworks@​2.0.321001008998100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​groq@​3.0.2210010010098100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​amazon-bedrock@​3.0.7710010010098100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​google-vertex@​3.0.10010010010098100
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Feb 9, 2026
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Pull request overview
Adds @workflow/ai/* entrypoints for additional official AI SDK providers using the existing 'use step' wrapper approach so model factory functions can cross workflow step boundaries.
Changes:
  • Added 12 new provider wrapper modules under packages/ai/src/providers/*.
  • Exposed new provider entrypoints via packages/ai/package.jsonexports and added corresponding optional dependencies.
  • Updated lockfile and added a changeset for a patch release of @workflow/ai.
Reviewed changes
Copilot reviewed 14 out of 15 changed files in this pull request and generated 12 comments.
Show a summary per file
FileDescription
pnpm-lock.yamlAdds resolved optional dependencies for the new AI SDK provider packages (and their transitive deps).
packages/ai/package.jsonAdds exports entries for new provider subpath entrypoints and lists new provider SDKs as optional dependencies.
packages/ai/src/providers/amazon-bedrock.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Bedrock provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/azure.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Azure provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/cerebras.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Cerebras provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/cohere.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Cohere provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/deepinfra.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for DeepInfra provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/deepseek.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for DeepSeek provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/fireworks.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Fireworks provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/google-vertex.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Google Vertex provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/groq.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Groq provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/mistral.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Mistral provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/perplexity.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Perplexity provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/togetherai.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for TogetherAI provider factory.
.changeset/add-ai-sdk-providers.mdDeclares a patch release noting the new provider wrappers.
Files not reviewed (1)
  • pnpm-lock.yaml: Language not supported
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Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/mistral.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/amazon-bedrock.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/azure.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/cohere.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/fireworks.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/togetherai.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/cerebras.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/deepinfra.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/deepseek.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/google-vertex.ts
@pranaygp
pranaygp
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Feb 11, 2026•

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Closing: blocked on AI SDK v6 upgrade
After investigating the type compatibility issues flagged by Copilot's review, I'm closing this PR. The as CompatibleLanguageModel casts required by all 12 new providers aren't a good pattern to ship.
Root cause
All 12 new provider SDKs resolve to a different copy of @ai-sdk/provider than what @workflow/ai uses:
Provider SDKs@ai-sdk/provider version
@workflow/ai (direct dep)2.0.0
amazon-bedrock, google-vertex2.0.1
azure, cerebras, cohere, deepinfra, deepseek, fireworks, groq, mistral, perplexity, togetherai3.0.8
pnpm installs these as separate package instances, and TypeScript treats types from different copies as incompatible — even when structurally identical. This causes TS2742 ("inferred type cannot be named") on every new provider when you try to match the clean pattern used by the existing 5 providers (openai, anthropic, google, xai, gateway), which all happen to resolve to @ai-sdk/provider@2.0.0.
The only workaround is explicit return type annotations + as CompatibleLanguageModel casts, which hides the provider's concrete model type from consumers.
Why the existing providers work
openai, anthropic, google, xai, and gateway SDKs all depend on @ai-sdk/provider@2.0.0 — the same copy that @workflow/ai resolves to. TypeScript can name the types directly, so LanguageModelV2 satisfies CompatibleLanguageModel without any cast.
Path forward
Upgrading to AI SDK v6 exclusively (dropping v5 support) would unify the workspace on @ai-sdk/provider@3.x, eliminating the dual-version problem. However, that upgrade requires:
  1. Migrating consumer code (do-stream-step.ts, durable-agent.ts, stream-text-iterator.ts, tools-to-model-tools.ts) from V2 to V3 types
  2. Handling provider SDKs that don't have v3 releases yet (cerebras, deepinfra, deepseek, fireworks, togetherai)
  3. Handling provider SDKs whose v3 still depends on @ai-sdk/provider@2.0.1 (amazon-bedrock, google-vertex)
Once v6 is landed, adding these provider wrappers becomes trivial — just copy the existing openai/anthropic pattern with no casts needed.
cc @gr2m@lgrammel@TooTallNate — tagging for visibility since this is blocked on @ai-sdk/provider version alignment across provider packages.
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@pranaygp@gr2m all ai sdk 6 providers should use the v3 provider spec. the dependencies happen automatically:
https://github.com/vercel/ai/blob/main/packages/amazon-bedrock/package.json#L54
so I do not understand how you can have providers with older @ai-sdk/provider versions. you probably just need to upgrade them to their latest version?
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Add provider wrappers for all official AI SDK providers - #986
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Add provider wrappers for all official AI SDK providers#986
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Summary
Adds step-boundary-compatible provider wrappers for 12 additional official AI SDK providers, matching the existing pattern used by openai, anthropic, google, xai, and gateway.
New providers:
  • Amazon Bedrock (@workflow/ai/amazon-bedrock)
  • Azure OpenAI (@workflow/ai/azure)
  • Cerebras (@workflow/ai/cerebras)
  • Cohere (@workflow/ai/cohere)
  • DeepInfra (@workflow/ai/deepinfra)
  • DeepSeek (@workflow/ai/deepseek)
  • Fireworks (@workflow/ai/fireworks)
  • Google Vertex AI (@workflow/ai/google-vertex)
  • Groq (@workflow/ai/groq)
  • Mistral (@workflow/ai/mistral)
  • Perplexity (@workflow/ai/perplexity)
  • TogetherAI (@workflow/ai/togetherai)
Each provider follows the same 'use step' wrapper pattern so that the model factory function survives step boundary serialization via the StepFunction serde mechanism. All provider SDK packages are added as optional dependencies.
Usage is identical to existing providers:
import{groq}from'@workflow/ai/groq';constagent=newDurableAgent({model: groq('llama-3.3-70b-versatile'),tools: { ... },});
Skipped providers:
  • @ai-sdk/huggingface — not a published package yet
  • @ai-sdk/openai-compatible — no default provider instance; requires custom configuration via createOpenAICompatible(). Users who need OpenAI-compatible providers can use the SDK package directly with a factory function.
Why some providers need as CompatibleLanguageModel casts
The 5 existing providers (openai, anthropic, google, xai, gateway) don't need casts because their SDK packages depend on @ai-sdk/provider@2.0.0 — the same copy that @workflow/ai resolves to. TypeScript sees identical types from the same package instance, so LanguageModelV2 satisfies CompatibleLanguageModel directly.
The 12 new providers depend on @ai-sdk/provider@3.0.8 (or @2.0.1 for amazon-bedrock/google-vertex), which pnpm resolves as a separate package instance. TypeScript treats types from different package copies as incompatible — even when they're structurally identical — causing TS2742 ("inferred type cannot be named") and TS2322 errors. The explicit return type annotation and as CompatibleLanguageModel cast is the only way to make these compile cleanly.
This is safe at runtime because both V2 and V3 models have the same structural doStream interface that @workflow/ai relies on.
Note: Upgrading to AI SDK v6 exclusively (dropping v5 support) was explored as a way to unify on @ai-sdk/provider@3.x across all packages. However, this requires migrating all consumer code (do-stream-step.ts, durable-agent.ts, etc.) from V2 to V3 types, and several provider SDKs still don't have v3 releases. That's a larger effort tracked separately.
Test plan
  •  Verified build compiles with no new errors
  •  Verified all 40 existing tests pass
  •  Test with a user app that uses one of the new providers
🤖 Generated with Claude Code
@pranaygp@claude
Add step-boundary-compatible provider wrappers for all official AI SD…
0a9f8c1
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Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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February 9, 2026 22:11
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🦋 Changeset detected
Latest commit: 0a9f8c1
The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.
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The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.
ProjectDeploymentActionsUpdated (UTC)
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🧪 E2E Test Results
❌ Some tests failed
Summary
PassedFailedSkippedTotal
❌ ▲ Vercel Production489138528
❌ 💻 Local Development3774162480
✅ 📦 Local Production418062480
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres418062480
✅ 🪟 Windows450348
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds106419156
✅ 📋 Other123021144
Total1976832572316
❌ Failed Tests
▲ Vercel Production (1 failed)
nextjs-webpack (1 failed):
  • sleepingWorkflow
💻 Local Development (41 failed)
express-stable (41 failed):
  • addTenWorkflow
  • addTenWorkflow
  • promiseAllWorkflow
  • promiseRaceWorkflow
  • promiseAnyWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow
  • webhookWorkflow
  • webhook route with invalid token
  • sleepingWorkflow
  • nullByteWorkflow
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
  • fetchWorkflow
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
  • error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
  • error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
  • error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
  • error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
  • error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
  • stepDirectCallWorkflow - calling step functions directly outside workflow context
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
  • health check endpoint (HTTP) - workflow and step endpoints respond to __health query parameter
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
  • pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
  • Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
  • AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
  • ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
  • customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
  • instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
  • crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
  • stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
🌍 Community Worlds (41 failed)
turso (41 failed):
  • addTenWorkflow
  • addTenWorkflow
  • should work with react rendering in step
  • promiseAllWorkflow
  • promiseRaceWorkflow
  • promiseAnyWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow
  • webhookWorkflow
  • sleepingWorkflow
  • nullByteWorkflow
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
  • fetchWorkflow
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
  • error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
  • error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
  • error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
  • error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
  • error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
  • Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
  • AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
  • ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
  • customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
  • instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
  • crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
  • stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
  • pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
Details by Category
❌ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro4404
✅ example4404
✅ express4404
✅ fastify4404
✅ hono4404
✅ nextjs-turbopack4701
❌ nextjs-webpack4611
✅ nitro4404
✅ nuxt4404
✅ sveltekit4404
✅ vite4404
❌ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4107
❌ express-stable0417
✅ fastify-stable4107
✅ hono-stable4107
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable4503
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable4503
✅ nitro-stable4107
✅ nuxt-stable4107
✅ sveltekit-stable4107
✅ vite-stable4107
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4107
✅ express-stable4107
✅ fastify-stable4107
✅ hono-stable4107
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable4503
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable4503
✅ nitro-stable4107
✅ nuxt-stable4107
✅ sveltekit-stable4107
✅ vite-stable4107
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4107
✅ express-stable4107
✅ fastify-stable4107
✅ hono-stable4107
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable4503
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable4503
✅ nitro-stable4107
✅ nuxt-stable4107
✅ sveltekit-stable4107
✅ vite-stable4107
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack4503
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ mongodb-dev300
✅ mongodb4503
✅ redis-dev300
✅ redis4503
✅ starter-dev300
✅ turso-dev300
❌ turso4413
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable4107
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable4107
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable4107
📋 View full workflow run
❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:
  • Vercel Prod: failure
  • Local Dev: failure
  • Local Prod: success
  • Local Postgres: success
  • Windows: success
Check the workflow run for details.
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📊 Benchmark Results
📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.
workflow with no steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro0.031s (-4.3%)1.005s (~)0.974s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress0.032s (-7.5% 🟢)1.004s (~)0.972s101.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.042s1.005s0.963s101.37x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.045s1.005s0.960s101.44x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.085s1.007s0.922s102.76x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.141s (-65.3% 🟢)1.009s (-1.2%)0.869s104.55x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.477s (+115.5% 🔺)1.009s (~)0.532s1015.44x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express0.769s (-15.8% 🟢)2.450s (+3.2%)1.681s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro0.861s (-4.8%)2.524s (+4.5%)1.662s101.12x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)0.864s (-11.5% 🟢)2.436s (-12.4% 🟢)1.572s101.12x
🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)
workflow with 1 step
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.098s2.005s0.908s101.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)1.100s2.006s0.906s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro1.103s (~)2.005s (~)0.902s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.106s (~)2.005s (~)0.899s101.01x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)1.300s2.008s0.708s101.18x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.355s (-4.2%)3.014s (~)0.658s102.15x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.365s (+4.8%)3.014s (~)0.649s102.15x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.603s (-2.3%)3.828s (+7.1% 🔺)1.224s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.750s (+5.5% 🔺)4.114s (+8.0% 🔺)1.363s101.06x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.780s (+1.8%)4.144s (+1.6%)1.364s101.07x
🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)
workflow with 10 sequential steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)10.689s11.021s0.332s31.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.692s11.021s0.330s31.00x
💻 LocalNitro10.813s (~)11.022s (~)0.209s31.01x
💻 LocalExpress10.834s (~)11.021s (~)0.187s31.01x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)12.230s13.018s0.788s31.14x
🐘 PostgresNitro20.230s (-0.6%)21.055s (~)0.825s21.89x
🐘 PostgresExpress20.399s (+1.5%)21.059s (~)0.659s21.91x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro19.605s (~)20.998s (-0.9%)1.392s21.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)19.738s (+1.2%)21.071s (+3.1%)1.333s21.01x
▲ VercelExpress19.770s (-0.6%)21.286s (~)1.516s21.01x
🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express
workflow with 25 sequential steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)26.886s27.050s0.164s31.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)27.115s28.051s0.936s31.01x
💻 LocalNitro27.425s (-0.7%)28.051s (~)0.625s31.02x
💻 LocalExpress27.512s (~)28.050s (~)0.539s31.02x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)30.506s31.037s0.531s21.13x
🐘 PostgresExpress50.209s (~)51.134s (~)0.925s21.87x
🐘 PostgresNitro50.511s (~)51.122s (~)0.612s21.88x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)48.883s (-3.5%)50.465s (-3.6%)1.583s21.00x
▲ VercelNitro49.279s (+0.8%)50.435s (~)1.156s21.01x
▲ VercelExpress49.688s (+2.3%)51.403s (+2.5%)1.715s21.02x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express
workflow with 50 sequential steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)54.316s55.099s0.783s21.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)56.408s57.101s0.692s21.04x
💻 LocalNitro56.986s (-0.7%)57.097s (-1.7%)0.111s21.05x
💻 LocalExpress57.184s (~)58.100s (+0.9%)0.916s21.05x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)61.153s62.072s0.919s21.13x
🐘 PostgresNitro100.152s (~)100.213s (-1.0%)0.061s11.84x
🐘 PostgresExpress100.375s (~)101.241s (~)0.866s11.85x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)103.197s (+1.9%)104.035s (+1.2%)0.838s11.00x
▲ VercelNitro104.722s (~)106.206s (~)1.484s11.01x
▲ VercelExpress105.039s (~)106.542s (~)1.503s11.02x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express
Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.250s2.006s0.756s151.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.376s2.005s0.629s151.10x
💻 LocalExpress1.398s (-1.1%)2.005s (~)0.606s151.12x
💻 LocalNitro1.409s (+1.1%)2.005s (~)0.597s151.13x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.147s3.008s0.862s101.72x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.221s (-3.6%)3.013s (~)0.792s101.78x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.408s (+3.2%)3.013s (~)0.606s101.93x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.786s (-14.7% 🟢)3.894s (-13.7% 🟢)1.108s81.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.031s (+1.4%)4.096s (-3.1%)1.064s81.09x
▲ VercelNitro3.088s (-19.2% 🟢)4.395s (-23.9% 🟢)1.307s71.11x
🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro
Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.470s3.008s0.538s101.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)2.503s3.007s0.505s101.01x
💻 LocalNitro2.520s (-3.6%)3.006s (~)0.486s101.02x
💻 LocalExpress2.558s (+0.9%)3.008s (~)0.450s101.04x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.761s5.178s0.417s61.93x
🐘 PostgresNitro8.385s (-1.5%)8.780s (~)0.395s43.39x
🐘 PostgresExpress8.742s (-2.0%)9.280s (~)0.538s43.54x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)3.163s (~)4.567s (+2.5%)1.404s71.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.251s (-4.2%)4.518s (+1.3%)1.267s71.03x
▲ VercelExpress3.338s (+5.5% 🔺)4.301s (-1.4%)0.963s71.06x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express
Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)4.036s4.867s0.831s71.00x
💻 LocalNitro7.026s (-5.5% 🟢)7.765s (-3.2%)0.739s41.74x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)7.137s7.413s0.275s51.77x
💻 LocalExpress7.462s (+6.0% 🔺)8.024s (+3.3%)0.562s41.85x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)9.919s10.351s0.432s32.46x
🐘 PostgresExpress46.535s (-4.7%)47.125s (-4.1%)0.590s111.53x
🐘 PostgresNitro49.744s (-1.8%)50.104s (-2.0%)0.360s112.32x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express5.268s (+50.6% 🔺)6.266s (+19.3% 🔺)0.998s61.00x
▲ VercelNitro5.712s (+51.9% 🔺)7.349s (+25.8% 🔺)1.637s51.08x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)7.729s (+99.2% 🔺)9.071s (+69.0% 🔺)1.341s41.47x
🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)
Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.277s2.006s0.729s151.00x
💻 LocalNitro1.421s (-1.2%)2.005s (~)0.584s151.11x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.429s2.005s0.576s151.12x
💻 LocalExpress1.444s (+2.3%)2.005s (~)0.561s151.13x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.046s (-6.8% 🟢)2.681s (~)0.636s121.60x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.059s (+1.7%)2.511s (+8.3% 🔺)0.452s121.61x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.174s3.007s0.834s101.70x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.610s (-13.1% 🟢)3.680s (-19.6% 🟢)1.071s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.640s (-9.1% 🟢)3.770s (-5.0% 🟢)1.130s81.01x
▲ VercelNitro2.659s (-5.5% 🟢)4.225s (+5.2% 🔺)1.565s81.02x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro
Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.513s3.008s0.495s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.565s3.008s0.443s101.02x
💻 LocalNitro2.604s (-4.3%)3.007s (~)0.403s101.04x
💻 LocalExpress2.687s (+0.7%)3.007s (~)0.321s101.07x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.667s5.175s0.509s61.86x
🐘 PostgresExpress11.920s (-6.4% 🟢)12.377s (-7.5% 🟢)0.457s34.74x
🐘 PostgresNitro12.031s (+5.6% 🔺)12.701s (+8.6% 🔺)0.669s34.79x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.904s (-2.5%)3.937s (-5.3% 🟢)1.033s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.911s (+2.6%)3.897s (-3.5%)0.986s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.973s (+1.6%)4.349s (-5.0% 🟢)1.375s71.02x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro
Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)4.095s4.868s0.773s71.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)7.295s7.514s0.219s41.78x
💻 LocalNitro7.487s (-6.4% 🟢)8.019s (-8.6% 🟢)0.533s41.83x
💻 LocalExpress7.907s (+3.8%)8.277s (+3.3%)0.370s41.93x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)10.049s10.348s0.299s32.45x
🐘 PostgresExpress51.210s (-2.3%)52.130s (-1.9%)0.920s112.51x
🐘 PostgresNitro54.770s (+7.7% 🔺)55.119s (+7.8% 🔺)0.349s113.38x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)3.650s (+6.2% 🔺)4.753s (-8.2% 🟢)1.103s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.908s (+1.9%)5.251s (+2.6%)1.343s61.07x
▲ VercelNitro4.233s (+15.7% 🔺)5.440s (+10.9% 🔺)1.207s61.16x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro
Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.138s1.001s0.010s1.015s0.877s101.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.157s1.000s0.001s1.007s0.850s101.14x
💻 LocalNitro0.168s (-4.0%)1.002s (~)0.010s (-12.5% 🟢)1.015s (~)0.847s101.22x
💻 LocalExpress0.174s (-1.5%)1.002s (~)0.010s (+6.3% 🔺)1.015s (~)0.841s101.27x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.515s0.931s0.001s1.009s0.493s103.74x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.295s (-4.4%)2.739s (+3.9%)0.001s (-25.0% 🟢)3.013s (~)0.718s1016.66x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.477s (+14.3% 🔺)2.564s (-10.9% 🟢)0.001s (~)3.014s (~)0.538s1017.97x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.495s (-15.1% 🟢)3.275s (-11.7% 🟢)0.247s (+49.2% 🔺)4.250s (-10.9% 🟢)1.755s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.529s (-4.9%)3.291s (+6.9% 🔺)0.407s (+204.8% 🔺)4.536s (+13.0% 🔺)2.007s101.01x
▲ VercelExpress3.073s (+22.3% 🔺)3.474s (+16.5% 🔺)0.181s (-33.6% 🟢)4.418s (+10.3% 🔺)1.345s101.23x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express
Summary
Fastest Framework by World
Winner determined by most benchmark wins
World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)9/12
🐘 PostgresExpress6/12
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)7/12
Fastest World by Framework
Winner determined by most benchmark wins
Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express💻 Local10/12
Next.js (Turbopack)🌐 Redis7/12
Nitro💻 Local10/12
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark
Worlds:
  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
📋 View full workflow run
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Review the following changes in direct dependencies. Learn more about Socket for GitHub.
DiffPackageSupply Chain
Security		VulnerabilityQualityMaintenanceLicense
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​azure@​3.0.27741008398100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​togetherai@​2.0.311001008498100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​deepinfra@​2.0.32991008598100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​deepseek@​2.0.181001008598100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​mistral@​3.0.191001008598100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​cohere@​3.0.191001008598100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​cerebras@​2.0.311001008698100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​perplexity@​3.0.181001008898100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​fireworks@​2.0.321001008998100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​groq@​3.0.2210010010098100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​amazon-bedrock@​3.0.7710010010098100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​google-vertex@​3.0.10010010010098100
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Pull request overview
Adds @workflow/ai/* entrypoints for additional official AI SDK providers using the existing 'use step' wrapper approach so model factory functions can cross workflow step boundaries.
Changes:
  • Added 12 new provider wrapper modules under packages/ai/src/providers/*.
  • Exposed new provider entrypoints via packages/ai/package.jsonexports and added corresponding optional dependencies.
  • Updated lockfile and added a changeset for a patch release of @workflow/ai.
Reviewed changes
Copilot reviewed 14 out of 15 changed files in this pull request and generated 12 comments.
Show a summary per file
FileDescription
pnpm-lock.yamlAdds resolved optional dependencies for the new AI SDK provider packages (and their transitive deps).
packages/ai/package.jsonAdds exports entries for new provider subpath entrypoints and lists new provider SDKs as optional dependencies.
packages/ai/src/providers/amazon-bedrock.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Bedrock provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/azure.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Azure provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/cerebras.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Cerebras provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/cohere.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Cohere provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/deepinfra.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for DeepInfra provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/deepseek.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for DeepSeek provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/fireworks.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Fireworks provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/google-vertex.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Google Vertex provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/groq.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Groq provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/mistral.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Mistral provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/perplexity.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Perplexity provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/togetherai.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for TogetherAI provider factory.
.changeset/add-ai-sdk-providers.mdDeclares a patch release noting the new provider wrappers.
Files not reviewed (1)
  • pnpm-lock.yaml: Language not supported
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Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/mistral.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/amazon-bedrock.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/azure.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/cohere.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/fireworks.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/togetherai.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/cerebras.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/deepinfra.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/deepseek.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/google-vertex.ts
@pranaygp
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Feb 11, 2026•

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Closing: blocked on AI SDK v6 upgrade
After investigating the type compatibility issues flagged by Copilot's review, I'm closing this PR. The as CompatibleLanguageModel casts required by all 12 new providers aren't a good pattern to ship.
Root cause
All 12 new provider SDKs resolve to a different copy of @ai-sdk/provider than what @workflow/ai uses:
Provider SDKs@ai-sdk/provider version
@workflow/ai (direct dep)2.0.0
amazon-bedrock, google-vertex2.0.1
azure, cerebras, cohere, deepinfra, deepseek, fireworks, groq, mistral, perplexity, togetherai3.0.8
pnpm installs these as separate package instances, and TypeScript treats types from different copies as incompatible — even when structurally identical. This causes TS2742 ("inferred type cannot be named") on every new provider when you try to match the clean pattern used by the existing 5 providers (openai, anthropic, google, xai, gateway), which all happen to resolve to @ai-sdk/provider@2.0.0.
The only workaround is explicit return type annotations + as CompatibleLanguageModel casts, which hides the provider's concrete model type from consumers.
Why the existing providers work
openai, anthropic, google, xai, and gateway SDKs all depend on @ai-sdk/provider@2.0.0 — the same copy that @workflow/ai resolves to. TypeScript can name the types directly, so LanguageModelV2 satisfies CompatibleLanguageModel without any cast.
Path forward
Upgrading to AI SDK v6 exclusively (dropping v5 support) would unify the workspace on @ai-sdk/provider@3.x, eliminating the dual-version problem. However, that upgrade requires:
  1. Migrating consumer code (do-stream-step.ts, durable-agent.ts, stream-text-iterator.ts, tools-to-model-tools.ts) from V2 to V3 types
  2. Handling provider SDKs that don't have v3 releases yet (cerebras, deepinfra, deepseek, fireworks, togetherai)
  3. Handling provider SDKs whose v3 still depends on @ai-sdk/provider@2.0.1 (amazon-bedrock, google-vertex)
Once v6 is landed, adding these provider wrappers becomes trivial — just copy the existing openai/anthropic pattern with no casts needed.
cc @gr2m@lgrammel@TooTallNate — tagging for visibility since this is blocked on @ai-sdk/provider version alignment across provider packages.
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Feb 11, 2026

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@pranaygp@gr2m all ai sdk 6 providers should use the v3 provider spec. the dependencies happen automatically:
https://github.com/vercel/ai/blob/main/packages/amazon-bedrock/package.json#L54
so I do not understand how you can have providers with older @ai-sdk/provider versions. you probably just need to upgrade them to their latest version?
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Add provider wrappers for all official AI SDK providers - #986
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Summary
Adds step-boundary-compatible provider wrappers for 12 additional official AI SDK providers, matching the existing pattern used by openai, anthropic, google, xai, and gateway.
New providers:
  • Amazon Bedrock (@workflow/ai/amazon-bedrock)
  • Azure OpenAI (@workflow/ai/azure)
  • Cerebras (@workflow/ai/cerebras)
  • Cohere (@workflow/ai/cohere)
  • DeepInfra (@workflow/ai/deepinfra)
  • DeepSeek (@workflow/ai/deepseek)
  • Fireworks (@workflow/ai/fireworks)
  • Google Vertex AI (@workflow/ai/google-vertex)
  • Groq (@workflow/ai/groq)
  • Mistral (@workflow/ai/mistral)
  • Perplexity (@workflow/ai/perplexity)
  • TogetherAI (@workflow/ai/togetherai)
Each provider follows the same 'use step' wrapper pattern so that the model factory function survives step boundary serialization via the StepFunction serde mechanism. All provider SDK packages are added as optional dependencies.
Usage is identical to existing providers:
import{groq}from'@workflow/ai/groq';constagent=newDurableAgent({model: groq('llama-3.3-70b-versatile'),tools: { ... },});
Skipped providers:
  • @ai-sdk/huggingface — not a published package yet
  • @ai-sdk/openai-compatible — no default provider instance; requires custom configuration via createOpenAICompatible(). Users who need OpenAI-compatible providers can use the SDK package directly with a factory function.
Why some providers need as CompatibleLanguageModel casts
The 5 existing providers (openai, anthropic, google, xai, gateway) don't need casts because their SDK packages depend on @ai-sdk/provider@2.0.0 — the same copy that @workflow/ai resolves to. TypeScript sees identical types from the same package instance, so LanguageModelV2 satisfies CompatibleLanguageModel directly.
The 12 new providers depend on @ai-sdk/provider@3.0.8 (or @2.0.1 for amazon-bedrock/google-vertex), which pnpm resolves as a separate package instance. TypeScript treats types from different package copies as incompatible — even when they're structurally identical — causing TS2742 ("inferred type cannot be named") and TS2322 errors. The explicit return type annotation and as CompatibleLanguageModel cast is the only way to make these compile cleanly.
This is safe at runtime because both V2 and V3 models have the same structural doStream interface that @workflow/ai relies on.
Note: Upgrading to AI SDK v6 exclusively (dropping v5 support) was explored as a way to unify on @ai-sdk/provider@3.x across all packages. However, this requires migrating all consumer code (do-stream-step.ts, durable-agent.ts, etc.) from V2 to V3 types, and several provider SDKs still don't have v3 releases. That's a larger effort tracked separately.
Test plan
  •  Verified build compiles with no new errors
  •  Verified all 40 existing tests pass
  •  Test with a user app that uses one of the new providers
🤖 Generated with Claude Code
@pranaygp@claude
Add step-boundary-compatible provider wrappers for all official AI SD…
0a9f8c1
…K providers
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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review requested due to automatic review settings
February 9, 2026 22:11
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🦋 Changeset detected
Latest commit: 0a9f8c1
The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.
This PR includes changesets to release 1 package
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@workflow/aiPatch
Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.
Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR
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The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.
ProjectDeploymentActionsUpdated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopackReadyReadyPreview, Comment, Open in v0Feb 9, 2026 10:13pm
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🧪 E2E Test Results
❌ Some tests failed
Summary
PassedFailedSkippedTotal
❌ ▲ Vercel Production489138528
❌ 💻 Local Development3774162480
✅ 📦 Local Production418062480
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres418062480
✅ 🪟 Windows450348
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds106419156
✅ 📋 Other123021144
Total1976832572316
❌ Failed Tests
▲ Vercel Production (1 failed)
nextjs-webpack (1 failed):
  • sleepingWorkflow
💻 Local Development (41 failed)
express-stable (41 failed):
  • addTenWorkflow
  • addTenWorkflow
  • promiseAllWorkflow
  • promiseRaceWorkflow
  • promiseAnyWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow
  • webhookWorkflow
  • webhook route with invalid token
  • sleepingWorkflow
  • nullByteWorkflow
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
  • fetchWorkflow
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
  • error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
  • error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
  • error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
  • error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
  • error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
  • stepDirectCallWorkflow - calling step functions directly outside workflow context
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
  • health check endpoint (HTTP) - workflow and step endpoints respond to __health query parameter
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
  • pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
  • Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
  • AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
  • ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
  • customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
  • instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
  • crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
  • stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
🌍 Community Worlds (41 failed)
turso (41 failed):
  • addTenWorkflow
  • addTenWorkflow
  • should work with react rendering in step
  • promiseAllWorkflow
  • promiseRaceWorkflow
  • promiseAnyWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow
  • webhookWorkflow
  • sleepingWorkflow
  • nullByteWorkflow
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
  • fetchWorkflow
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
  • error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
  • error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
  • error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
  • error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
  • error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
  • Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
  • AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
  • ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
  • customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
  • instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
  • crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
  • stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
  • pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
Details by Category
❌ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro4404
✅ example4404
✅ express4404
✅ fastify4404
✅ hono4404
✅ nextjs-turbopack4701
❌ nextjs-webpack4611
✅ nitro4404
✅ nuxt4404
✅ sveltekit4404
✅ vite4404
❌ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4107
❌ express-stable0417
✅ fastify-stable4107
✅ hono-stable4107
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable4503
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable4503
✅ nitro-stable4107
✅ nuxt-stable4107
✅ sveltekit-stable4107
✅ vite-stable4107
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4107
✅ express-stable4107
✅ fastify-stable4107
✅ hono-stable4107
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable4503
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable4503
✅ nitro-stable4107
✅ nuxt-stable4107
✅ sveltekit-stable4107
✅ vite-stable4107
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4107
✅ express-stable4107
✅ fastify-stable4107
✅ hono-stable4107
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable4503
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable4503
✅ nitro-stable4107
✅ nuxt-stable4107
✅ sveltekit-stable4107
✅ vite-stable4107
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack4503
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ mongodb-dev300
✅ mongodb4503
✅ redis-dev300
✅ redis4503
✅ starter-dev300
✅ turso-dev300
❌ turso4413
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable4107
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable4107
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable4107
📋 View full workflow run
❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:
  • Vercel Prod: failure
  • Local Dev: failure
  • Local Prod: success
  • Local Postgres: success
  • Windows: success
Check the workflow run for details.
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📊 Benchmark Results
📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.
workflow with no steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro0.031s (-4.3%)1.005s (~)0.974s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress0.032s (-7.5% 🟢)1.004s (~)0.972s101.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.042s1.005s0.963s101.37x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.045s1.005s0.960s101.44x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.085s1.007s0.922s102.76x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.141s (-65.3% 🟢)1.009s (-1.2%)0.869s104.55x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.477s (+115.5% 🔺)1.009s (~)0.532s1015.44x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express0.769s (-15.8% 🟢)2.450s (+3.2%)1.681s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro0.861s (-4.8%)2.524s (+4.5%)1.662s101.12x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)0.864s (-11.5% 🟢)2.436s (-12.4% 🟢)1.572s101.12x
🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)
workflow with 1 step
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.098s2.005s0.908s101.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)1.100s2.006s0.906s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro1.103s (~)2.005s (~)0.902s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.106s (~)2.005s (~)0.899s101.01x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)1.300s2.008s0.708s101.18x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.355s (-4.2%)3.014s (~)0.658s102.15x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.365s (+4.8%)3.014s (~)0.649s102.15x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.603s (-2.3%)3.828s (+7.1% 🔺)1.224s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.750s (+5.5% 🔺)4.114s (+8.0% 🔺)1.363s101.06x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.780s (+1.8%)4.144s (+1.6%)1.364s101.07x
🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)
workflow with 10 sequential steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)10.689s11.021s0.332s31.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.692s11.021s0.330s31.00x
💻 LocalNitro10.813s (~)11.022s (~)0.209s31.01x
💻 LocalExpress10.834s (~)11.021s (~)0.187s31.01x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)12.230s13.018s0.788s31.14x
🐘 PostgresNitro20.230s (-0.6%)21.055s (~)0.825s21.89x
🐘 PostgresExpress20.399s (+1.5%)21.059s (~)0.659s21.91x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro19.605s (~)20.998s (-0.9%)1.392s21.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)19.738s (+1.2%)21.071s (+3.1%)1.333s21.01x
▲ VercelExpress19.770s (-0.6%)21.286s (~)1.516s21.01x
🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express
workflow with 25 sequential steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)26.886s27.050s0.164s31.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)27.115s28.051s0.936s31.01x
💻 LocalNitro27.425s (-0.7%)28.051s (~)0.625s31.02x
💻 LocalExpress27.512s (~)28.050s (~)0.539s31.02x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)30.506s31.037s0.531s21.13x
🐘 PostgresExpress50.209s (~)51.134s (~)0.925s21.87x
🐘 PostgresNitro50.511s (~)51.122s (~)0.612s21.88x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)48.883s (-3.5%)50.465s (-3.6%)1.583s21.00x
▲ VercelNitro49.279s (+0.8%)50.435s (~)1.156s21.01x
▲ VercelExpress49.688s (+2.3%)51.403s (+2.5%)1.715s21.02x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express
workflow with 50 sequential steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)54.316s55.099s0.783s21.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)56.408s57.101s0.692s21.04x
💻 LocalNitro56.986s (-0.7%)57.097s (-1.7%)0.111s21.05x
💻 LocalExpress57.184s (~)58.100s (+0.9%)0.916s21.05x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)61.153s62.072s0.919s21.13x
🐘 PostgresNitro100.152s (~)100.213s (-1.0%)0.061s11.84x
🐘 PostgresExpress100.375s (~)101.241s (~)0.866s11.85x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)103.197s (+1.9%)104.035s (+1.2%)0.838s11.00x
▲ VercelNitro104.722s (~)106.206s (~)1.484s11.01x
▲ VercelExpress105.039s (~)106.542s (~)1.503s11.02x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express
Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.250s2.006s0.756s151.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.376s2.005s0.629s151.10x
💻 LocalExpress1.398s (-1.1%)2.005s (~)0.606s151.12x
💻 LocalNitro1.409s (+1.1%)2.005s (~)0.597s151.13x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.147s3.008s0.862s101.72x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.221s (-3.6%)3.013s (~)0.792s101.78x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.408s (+3.2%)3.013s (~)0.606s101.93x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.786s (-14.7% 🟢)3.894s (-13.7% 🟢)1.108s81.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.031s (+1.4%)4.096s (-3.1%)1.064s81.09x
▲ VercelNitro3.088s (-19.2% 🟢)4.395s (-23.9% 🟢)1.307s71.11x
🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro
Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.470s3.008s0.538s101.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)2.503s3.007s0.505s101.01x
💻 LocalNitro2.520s (-3.6%)3.006s (~)0.486s101.02x
💻 LocalExpress2.558s (+0.9%)3.008s (~)0.450s101.04x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.761s5.178s0.417s61.93x
🐘 PostgresNitro8.385s (-1.5%)8.780s (~)0.395s43.39x
🐘 PostgresExpress8.742s (-2.0%)9.280s (~)0.538s43.54x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)3.163s (~)4.567s (+2.5%)1.404s71.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.251s (-4.2%)4.518s (+1.3%)1.267s71.03x
▲ VercelExpress3.338s (+5.5% 🔺)4.301s (-1.4%)0.963s71.06x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express
Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)4.036s4.867s0.831s71.00x
💻 LocalNitro7.026s (-5.5% 🟢)7.765s (-3.2%)0.739s41.74x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)7.137s7.413s0.275s51.77x
💻 LocalExpress7.462s (+6.0% 🔺)8.024s (+3.3%)0.562s41.85x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)9.919s10.351s0.432s32.46x
🐘 PostgresExpress46.535s (-4.7%)47.125s (-4.1%)0.590s111.53x
🐘 PostgresNitro49.744s (-1.8%)50.104s (-2.0%)0.360s112.32x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express5.268s (+50.6% 🔺)6.266s (+19.3% 🔺)0.998s61.00x
▲ VercelNitro5.712s (+51.9% 🔺)7.349s (+25.8% 🔺)1.637s51.08x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)7.729s (+99.2% 🔺)9.071s (+69.0% 🔺)1.341s41.47x
🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)
Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.277s2.006s0.729s151.00x
💻 LocalNitro1.421s (-1.2%)2.005s (~)0.584s151.11x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.429s2.005s0.576s151.12x
💻 LocalExpress1.444s (+2.3%)2.005s (~)0.561s151.13x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.046s (-6.8% 🟢)2.681s (~)0.636s121.60x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.059s (+1.7%)2.511s (+8.3% 🔺)0.452s121.61x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.174s3.007s0.834s101.70x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.610s (-13.1% 🟢)3.680s (-19.6% 🟢)1.071s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.640s (-9.1% 🟢)3.770s (-5.0% 🟢)1.130s81.01x
▲ VercelNitro2.659s (-5.5% 🟢)4.225s (+5.2% 🔺)1.565s81.02x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro
Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.513s3.008s0.495s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.565s3.008s0.443s101.02x
💻 LocalNitro2.604s (-4.3%)3.007s (~)0.403s101.04x
💻 LocalExpress2.687s (+0.7%)3.007s (~)0.321s101.07x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.667s5.175s0.509s61.86x
🐘 PostgresExpress11.920s (-6.4% 🟢)12.377s (-7.5% 🟢)0.457s34.74x
🐘 PostgresNitro12.031s (+5.6% 🔺)12.701s (+8.6% 🔺)0.669s34.79x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.904s (-2.5%)3.937s (-5.3% 🟢)1.033s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.911s (+2.6%)3.897s (-3.5%)0.986s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.973s (+1.6%)4.349s (-5.0% 🟢)1.375s71.02x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro
Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)4.095s4.868s0.773s71.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)7.295s7.514s0.219s41.78x
💻 LocalNitro7.487s (-6.4% 🟢)8.019s (-8.6% 🟢)0.533s41.83x
💻 LocalExpress7.907s (+3.8%)8.277s (+3.3%)0.370s41.93x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)10.049s10.348s0.299s32.45x
🐘 PostgresExpress51.210s (-2.3%)52.130s (-1.9%)0.920s112.51x
🐘 PostgresNitro54.770s (+7.7% 🔺)55.119s (+7.8% 🔺)0.349s113.38x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)3.650s (+6.2% 🔺)4.753s (-8.2% 🟢)1.103s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.908s (+1.9%)5.251s (+2.6%)1.343s61.07x
▲ VercelNitro4.233s (+15.7% 🔺)5.440s (+10.9% 🔺)1.207s61.16x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro
Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.138s1.001s0.010s1.015s0.877s101.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.157s1.000s0.001s1.007s0.850s101.14x
💻 LocalNitro0.168s (-4.0%)1.002s (~)0.010s (-12.5% 🟢)1.015s (~)0.847s101.22x
💻 LocalExpress0.174s (-1.5%)1.002s (~)0.010s (+6.3% 🔺)1.015s (~)0.841s101.27x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.515s0.931s0.001s1.009s0.493s103.74x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.295s (-4.4%)2.739s (+3.9%)0.001s (-25.0% 🟢)3.013s (~)0.718s1016.66x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.477s (+14.3% 🔺)2.564s (-10.9% 🟢)0.001s (~)3.014s (~)0.538s1017.97x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.495s (-15.1% 🟢)3.275s (-11.7% 🟢)0.247s (+49.2% 🔺)4.250s (-10.9% 🟢)1.755s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.529s (-4.9%)3.291s (+6.9% 🔺)0.407s (+204.8% 🔺)4.536s (+13.0% 🔺)2.007s101.01x
▲ VercelExpress3.073s (+22.3% 🔺)3.474s (+16.5% 🔺)0.181s (-33.6% 🟢)4.418s (+10.3% 🔺)1.345s101.23x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express
Summary
Fastest Framework by World
Winner determined by most benchmark wins
World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)9/12
🐘 PostgresExpress6/12
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)7/12
Fastest World by Framework
Winner determined by most benchmark wins
Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express💻 Local10/12
Next.js (Turbopack)🌐 Redis7/12
Nitro💻 Local10/12
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark
Worlds:
  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
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Review the following changes in direct dependencies. Learn more about Socket for GitHub.
DiffPackageSupply Chain
Security		VulnerabilityQualityMaintenanceLicense
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​azure@​3.0.27741008398100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​togetherai@​2.0.311001008498100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​deepinfra@​2.0.32991008598100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​deepseek@​2.0.181001008598100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​mistral@​3.0.191001008598100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​cohere@​3.0.191001008598100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​cerebras@​2.0.311001008698100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​perplexity@​3.0.181001008898100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​fireworks@​2.0.321001008998100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​groq@​3.0.2210010010098100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​amazon-bedrock@​3.0.7710010010098100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​google-vertex@​3.0.10010010010098100
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Pull request overview
Adds @workflow/ai/* entrypoints for additional official AI SDK providers using the existing 'use step' wrapper approach so model factory functions can cross workflow step boundaries.
Changes:
  • Added 12 new provider wrapper modules under packages/ai/src/providers/*.
  • Exposed new provider entrypoints via packages/ai/package.jsonexports and added corresponding optional dependencies.
  • Updated lockfile and added a changeset for a patch release of @workflow/ai.
Reviewed changes
Copilot reviewed 14 out of 15 changed files in this pull request and generated 12 comments.
Show a summary per file
FileDescription
pnpm-lock.yamlAdds resolved optional dependencies for the new AI SDK provider packages (and their transitive deps).
packages/ai/package.jsonAdds exports entries for new provider subpath entrypoints and lists new provider SDKs as optional dependencies.
packages/ai/src/providers/amazon-bedrock.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Bedrock provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/azure.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Azure provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/cerebras.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Cerebras provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/cohere.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Cohere provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/deepinfra.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for DeepInfra provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/deepseek.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for DeepSeek provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/fireworks.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Fireworks provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/google-vertex.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Google Vertex provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/groq.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Groq provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/mistral.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Mistral provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/perplexity.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Perplexity provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/togetherai.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for TogetherAI provider factory.
.changeset/add-ai-sdk-providers.mdDeclares a patch release noting the new provider wrappers.
Files not reviewed (1)
  • pnpm-lock.yaml: Language not supported
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Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/mistral.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/amazon-bedrock.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/azure.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/cohere.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/fireworks.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/togetherai.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/cerebras.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/deepinfra.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/deepseek.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/google-vertex.ts
@pranaygp
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Feb 11, 2026•

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Closing: blocked on AI SDK v6 upgrade
After investigating the type compatibility issues flagged by Copilot's review, I'm closing this PR. The as CompatibleLanguageModel casts required by all 12 new providers aren't a good pattern to ship.
Root cause
All 12 new provider SDKs resolve to a different copy of @ai-sdk/provider than what @workflow/ai uses:
Provider SDKs@ai-sdk/provider version
@workflow/ai (direct dep)2.0.0
amazon-bedrock, google-vertex2.0.1
azure, cerebras, cohere, deepinfra, deepseek, fireworks, groq, mistral, perplexity, togetherai3.0.8
pnpm installs these as separate package instances, and TypeScript treats types from different copies as incompatible — even when structurally identical. This causes TS2742 ("inferred type cannot be named") on every new provider when you try to match the clean pattern used by the existing 5 providers (openai, anthropic, google, xai, gateway), which all happen to resolve to @ai-sdk/provider@2.0.0.
The only workaround is explicit return type annotations + as CompatibleLanguageModel casts, which hides the provider's concrete model type from consumers.
Why the existing providers work
openai, anthropic, google, xai, and gateway SDKs all depend on @ai-sdk/provider@2.0.0 — the same copy that @workflow/ai resolves to. TypeScript can name the types directly, so LanguageModelV2 satisfies CompatibleLanguageModel without any cast.
Path forward
Upgrading to AI SDK v6 exclusively (dropping v5 support) would unify the workspace on @ai-sdk/provider@3.x, eliminating the dual-version problem. However, that upgrade requires:
  1. Migrating consumer code (do-stream-step.ts, durable-agent.ts, stream-text-iterator.ts, tools-to-model-tools.ts) from V2 to V3 types
  2. Handling provider SDKs that don't have v3 releases yet (cerebras, deepinfra, deepseek, fireworks, togetherai)
  3. Handling provider SDKs whose v3 still depends on @ai-sdk/provider@2.0.1 (amazon-bedrock, google-vertex)
Once v6 is landed, adding these provider wrappers becomes trivial — just copy the existing openai/anthropic pattern with no casts needed.
cc @gr2m@lgrammel@TooTallNate — tagging for visibility since this is blocked on @ai-sdk/provider version alignment across provider packages.
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Feb 11, 2026

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@pranaygp@gr2m all ai sdk 6 providers should use the v3 provider spec. the dependencies happen automatically:
https://github.com/vercel/ai/blob/main/packages/amazon-bedrock/package.json#L54
so I do not understand how you can have providers with older @ai-sdk/provider versions. you probably just need to upgrade them to their latest version?
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Add provider wrappers for all official AI SDK providers - #986
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@pranaygp
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Summary
Adds step-boundary-compatible provider wrappers for 12 additional official AI SDK providers, matching the existing pattern used by openai, anthropic, google, xai, and gateway.
New providers:
  • Amazon Bedrock (@workflow/ai/amazon-bedrock)
  • Azure OpenAI (@workflow/ai/azure)
  • Cerebras (@workflow/ai/cerebras)
  • Cohere (@workflow/ai/cohere)
  • DeepInfra (@workflow/ai/deepinfra)
  • DeepSeek (@workflow/ai/deepseek)
  • Fireworks (@workflow/ai/fireworks)
  • Google Vertex AI (@workflow/ai/google-vertex)
  • Groq (@workflow/ai/groq)
  • Mistral (@workflow/ai/mistral)
  • Perplexity (@workflow/ai/perplexity)
  • TogetherAI (@workflow/ai/togetherai)
Each provider follows the same 'use step' wrapper pattern so that the model factory function survives step boundary serialization via the StepFunction serde mechanism. All provider SDK packages are added as optional dependencies.
Usage is identical to existing providers:
import{groq}from'@workflow/ai/groq';constagent=newDurableAgent({model: groq('llama-3.3-70b-versatile'),tools: { ... },});
Skipped providers:
  • @ai-sdk/huggingface — not a published package yet
  • @ai-sdk/openai-compatible — no default provider instance; requires custom configuration via createOpenAICompatible(). Users who need OpenAI-compatible providers can use the SDK package directly with a factory function.
Why some providers need as CompatibleLanguageModel casts
The 5 existing providers (openai, anthropic, google, xai, gateway) don't need casts because their SDK packages depend on @ai-sdk/provider@2.0.0 — the same copy that @workflow/ai resolves to. TypeScript sees identical types from the same package instance, so LanguageModelV2 satisfies CompatibleLanguageModel directly.
The 12 new providers depend on @ai-sdk/provider@3.0.8 (or @2.0.1 for amazon-bedrock/google-vertex), which pnpm resolves as a separate package instance. TypeScript treats types from different package copies as incompatible — even when they're structurally identical — causing TS2742 ("inferred type cannot be named") and TS2322 errors. The explicit return type annotation and as CompatibleLanguageModel cast is the only way to make these compile cleanly.
This is safe at runtime because both V2 and V3 models have the same structural doStream interface that @workflow/ai relies on.
Note: Upgrading to AI SDK v6 exclusively (dropping v5 support) was explored as a way to unify on @ai-sdk/provider@3.x across all packages. However, this requires migrating all consumer code (do-stream-step.ts, durable-agent.ts, etc.) from V2 to V3 types, and several provider SDKs still don't have v3 releases. That's a larger effort tracked separately.
Test plan
  •  Verified build compiles with no new errors
  •  Verified all 40 existing tests pass
  •  Test with a user app that uses one of the new providers
🤖 Generated with Claude Code
@pranaygp@claude
Add step-boundary-compatible provider wrappers for all official AI SD…
0a9f8c1
…K providers
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
CopilotAI
review requested due to automatic review settings
February 9, 2026 22:11
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🦋 Changeset detected
Latest commit: 0a9f8c1
The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.
This PR includes changesets to release 1 package
NameType
@workflow/aiPatch
Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.
Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR
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🧪 E2E Test Results
❌ Some tests failed
Summary
PassedFailedSkippedTotal
❌ ▲ Vercel Production489138528
❌ 💻 Local Development3774162480
✅ 📦 Local Production418062480
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres418062480
✅ 🪟 Windows450348
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds106419156
✅ 📋 Other123021144
Total1976832572316
❌ Failed Tests
▲ Vercel Production (1 failed)
nextjs-webpack (1 failed):
  • sleepingWorkflow
💻 Local Development (41 failed)
express-stable (41 failed):
  • addTenWorkflow
  • addTenWorkflow
  • promiseAllWorkflow
  • promiseRaceWorkflow
  • promiseAnyWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow
  • webhookWorkflow
  • webhook route with invalid token
  • sleepingWorkflow
  • nullByteWorkflow
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
  • fetchWorkflow
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
  • error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
  • error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
  • error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
  • error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
  • error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
  • stepDirectCallWorkflow - calling step functions directly outside workflow context
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
  • health check endpoint (HTTP) - workflow and step endpoints respond to __health query parameter
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
  • pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
  • Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
  • AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
  • ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
  • customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
  • instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
  • crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
  • stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
🌍 Community Worlds (41 failed)
turso (41 failed):
  • addTenWorkflow
  • addTenWorkflow
  • should work with react rendering in step
  • promiseAllWorkflow
  • promiseRaceWorkflow
  • promiseAnyWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow
  • webhookWorkflow
  • sleepingWorkflow
  • nullByteWorkflow
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
  • fetchWorkflow
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
  • error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
  • error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
  • error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
  • error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
  • error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
  • Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
  • AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
  • ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
  • customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
  • instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
  • crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
  • stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
  • pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
Details by Category
❌ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro4404
✅ example4404
✅ express4404
✅ fastify4404
✅ hono4404
✅ nextjs-turbopack4701
❌ nextjs-webpack4611
✅ nitro4404
✅ nuxt4404
✅ sveltekit4404
✅ vite4404
❌ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4107
❌ express-stable0417
✅ fastify-stable4107
✅ hono-stable4107
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable4503
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable4503
✅ nitro-stable4107
✅ nuxt-stable4107
✅ sveltekit-stable4107
✅ vite-stable4107
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4107
✅ express-stable4107
✅ fastify-stable4107
✅ hono-stable4107
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable4503
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable4503
✅ nitro-stable4107
✅ nuxt-stable4107
✅ sveltekit-stable4107
✅ vite-stable4107
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4107
✅ express-stable4107
✅ fastify-stable4107
✅ hono-stable4107
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable4503
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable4503
✅ nitro-stable4107
✅ nuxt-stable4107
✅ sveltekit-stable4107
✅ vite-stable4107
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack4503
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ mongodb-dev300
✅ mongodb4503
✅ redis-dev300
✅ redis4503
✅ starter-dev300
✅ turso-dev300
❌ turso4413
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable4107
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable4107
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable4107
📋 View full workflow run
❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:
  • Vercel Prod: failure
  • Local Dev: failure
  • Local Prod: success
  • Local Postgres: success
  • Windows: success
Check the workflow run for details.
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📊 Benchmark Results
📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.
workflow with no steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro0.031s (-4.3%)1.005s (~)0.974s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress0.032s (-7.5% 🟢)1.004s (~)0.972s101.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.042s1.005s0.963s101.37x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.045s1.005s0.960s101.44x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.085s1.007s0.922s102.76x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.141s (-65.3% 🟢)1.009s (-1.2%)0.869s104.55x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.477s (+115.5% 🔺)1.009s (~)0.532s1015.44x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express0.769s (-15.8% 🟢)2.450s (+3.2%)1.681s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro0.861s (-4.8%)2.524s (+4.5%)1.662s101.12x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)0.864s (-11.5% 🟢)2.436s (-12.4% 🟢)1.572s101.12x
🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)
workflow with 1 step
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.098s2.005s0.908s101.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)1.100s2.006s0.906s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro1.103s (~)2.005s (~)0.902s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.106s (~)2.005s (~)0.899s101.01x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)1.300s2.008s0.708s101.18x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.355s (-4.2%)3.014s (~)0.658s102.15x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.365s (+4.8%)3.014s (~)0.649s102.15x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.603s (-2.3%)3.828s (+7.1% 🔺)1.224s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.750s (+5.5% 🔺)4.114s (+8.0% 🔺)1.363s101.06x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.780s (+1.8%)4.144s (+1.6%)1.364s101.07x
🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)
workflow with 10 sequential steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)10.689s11.021s0.332s31.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.692s11.021s0.330s31.00x
💻 LocalNitro10.813s (~)11.022s (~)0.209s31.01x
💻 LocalExpress10.834s (~)11.021s (~)0.187s31.01x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)12.230s13.018s0.788s31.14x
🐘 PostgresNitro20.230s (-0.6%)21.055s (~)0.825s21.89x
🐘 PostgresExpress20.399s (+1.5%)21.059s (~)0.659s21.91x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro19.605s (~)20.998s (-0.9%)1.392s21.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)19.738s (+1.2%)21.071s (+3.1%)1.333s21.01x
▲ VercelExpress19.770s (-0.6%)21.286s (~)1.516s21.01x
🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express
workflow with 25 sequential steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)26.886s27.050s0.164s31.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)27.115s28.051s0.936s31.01x
💻 LocalNitro27.425s (-0.7%)28.051s (~)0.625s31.02x
💻 LocalExpress27.512s (~)28.050s (~)0.539s31.02x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)30.506s31.037s0.531s21.13x
🐘 PostgresExpress50.209s (~)51.134s (~)0.925s21.87x
🐘 PostgresNitro50.511s (~)51.122s (~)0.612s21.88x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)48.883s (-3.5%)50.465s (-3.6%)1.583s21.00x
▲ VercelNitro49.279s (+0.8%)50.435s (~)1.156s21.01x
▲ VercelExpress49.688s (+2.3%)51.403s (+2.5%)1.715s21.02x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express
workflow with 50 sequential steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)54.316s55.099s0.783s21.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)56.408s57.101s0.692s21.04x
💻 LocalNitro56.986s (-0.7%)57.097s (-1.7%)0.111s21.05x
💻 LocalExpress57.184s (~)58.100s (+0.9%)0.916s21.05x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)61.153s62.072s0.919s21.13x
🐘 PostgresNitro100.152s (~)100.213s (-1.0%)0.061s11.84x
🐘 PostgresExpress100.375s (~)101.241s (~)0.866s11.85x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)103.197s (+1.9%)104.035s (+1.2%)0.838s11.00x
▲ VercelNitro104.722s (~)106.206s (~)1.484s11.01x
▲ VercelExpress105.039s (~)106.542s (~)1.503s11.02x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express
Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.250s2.006s0.756s151.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.376s2.005s0.629s151.10x
💻 LocalExpress1.398s (-1.1%)2.005s (~)0.606s151.12x
💻 LocalNitro1.409s (+1.1%)2.005s (~)0.597s151.13x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.147s3.008s0.862s101.72x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.221s (-3.6%)3.013s (~)0.792s101.78x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.408s (+3.2%)3.013s (~)0.606s101.93x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.786s (-14.7% 🟢)3.894s (-13.7% 🟢)1.108s81.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.031s (+1.4%)4.096s (-3.1%)1.064s81.09x
▲ VercelNitro3.088s (-19.2% 🟢)4.395s (-23.9% 🟢)1.307s71.11x
🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro
Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.470s3.008s0.538s101.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)2.503s3.007s0.505s101.01x
💻 LocalNitro2.520s (-3.6%)3.006s (~)0.486s101.02x
💻 LocalExpress2.558s (+0.9%)3.008s (~)0.450s101.04x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.761s5.178s0.417s61.93x
🐘 PostgresNitro8.385s (-1.5%)8.780s (~)0.395s43.39x
🐘 PostgresExpress8.742s (-2.0%)9.280s (~)0.538s43.54x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)3.163s (~)4.567s (+2.5%)1.404s71.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.251s (-4.2%)4.518s (+1.3%)1.267s71.03x
▲ VercelExpress3.338s (+5.5% 🔺)4.301s (-1.4%)0.963s71.06x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express
Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)4.036s4.867s0.831s71.00x
💻 LocalNitro7.026s (-5.5% 🟢)7.765s (-3.2%)0.739s41.74x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)7.137s7.413s0.275s51.77x
💻 LocalExpress7.462s (+6.0% 🔺)8.024s (+3.3%)0.562s41.85x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)9.919s10.351s0.432s32.46x
🐘 PostgresExpress46.535s (-4.7%)47.125s (-4.1%)0.590s111.53x
🐘 PostgresNitro49.744s (-1.8%)50.104s (-2.0%)0.360s112.32x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express5.268s (+50.6% 🔺)6.266s (+19.3% 🔺)0.998s61.00x
▲ VercelNitro5.712s (+51.9% 🔺)7.349s (+25.8% 🔺)1.637s51.08x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)7.729s (+99.2% 🔺)9.071s (+69.0% 🔺)1.341s41.47x
🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)
Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.277s2.006s0.729s151.00x
💻 LocalNitro1.421s (-1.2%)2.005s (~)0.584s151.11x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.429s2.005s0.576s151.12x
💻 LocalExpress1.444s (+2.3%)2.005s (~)0.561s151.13x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.046s (-6.8% 🟢)2.681s (~)0.636s121.60x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.059s (+1.7%)2.511s (+8.3% 🔺)0.452s121.61x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.174s3.007s0.834s101.70x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.610s (-13.1% 🟢)3.680s (-19.6% 🟢)1.071s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.640s (-9.1% 🟢)3.770s (-5.0% 🟢)1.130s81.01x
▲ VercelNitro2.659s (-5.5% 🟢)4.225s (+5.2% 🔺)1.565s81.02x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro
Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.513s3.008s0.495s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.565s3.008s0.443s101.02x
💻 LocalNitro2.604s (-4.3%)3.007s (~)0.403s101.04x
💻 LocalExpress2.687s (+0.7%)3.007s (~)0.321s101.07x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.667s5.175s0.509s61.86x
🐘 PostgresExpress11.920s (-6.4% 🟢)12.377s (-7.5% 🟢)0.457s34.74x
🐘 PostgresNitro12.031s (+5.6% 🔺)12.701s (+8.6% 🔺)0.669s34.79x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.904s (-2.5%)3.937s (-5.3% 🟢)1.033s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.911s (+2.6%)3.897s (-3.5%)0.986s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.973s (+1.6%)4.349s (-5.0% 🟢)1.375s71.02x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro
Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)4.095s4.868s0.773s71.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)7.295s7.514s0.219s41.78x
💻 LocalNitro7.487s (-6.4% 🟢)8.019s (-8.6% 🟢)0.533s41.83x
💻 LocalExpress7.907s (+3.8%)8.277s (+3.3%)0.370s41.93x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)10.049s10.348s0.299s32.45x
🐘 PostgresExpress51.210s (-2.3%)52.130s (-1.9%)0.920s112.51x
🐘 PostgresNitro54.770s (+7.7% 🔺)55.119s (+7.8% 🔺)0.349s113.38x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)3.650s (+6.2% 🔺)4.753s (-8.2% 🟢)1.103s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.908s (+1.9%)5.251s (+2.6%)1.343s61.07x
▲ VercelNitro4.233s (+15.7% 🔺)5.440s (+10.9% 🔺)1.207s61.16x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro
Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.138s1.001s0.010s1.015s0.877s101.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.157s1.000s0.001s1.007s0.850s101.14x
💻 LocalNitro0.168s (-4.0%)1.002s (~)0.010s (-12.5% 🟢)1.015s (~)0.847s101.22x
💻 LocalExpress0.174s (-1.5%)1.002s (~)0.010s (+6.3% 🔺)1.015s (~)0.841s101.27x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.515s0.931s0.001s1.009s0.493s103.74x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.295s (-4.4%)2.739s (+3.9%)0.001s (-25.0% 🟢)3.013s (~)0.718s1016.66x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.477s (+14.3% 🔺)2.564s (-10.9% 🟢)0.001s (~)3.014s (~)0.538s1017.97x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.495s (-15.1% 🟢)3.275s (-11.7% 🟢)0.247s (+49.2% 🔺)4.250s (-10.9% 🟢)1.755s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.529s (-4.9%)3.291s (+6.9% 🔺)0.407s (+204.8% 🔺)4.536s (+13.0% 🔺)2.007s101.01x
▲ VercelExpress3.073s (+22.3% 🔺)3.474s (+16.5% 🔺)0.181s (-33.6% 🟢)4.418s (+10.3% 🔺)1.345s101.23x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express
Summary
Fastest Framework by World
Winner determined by most benchmark wins
World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)9/12
🐘 PostgresExpress6/12
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)7/12
Fastest World by Framework
Winner determined by most benchmark wins
Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express💻 Local10/12
Next.js (Turbopack)🌐 Redis7/12
Nitro💻 Local10/12
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark
Worlds:
  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
📋 View full workflow run
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Feb 9, 2026

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Review the following changes in direct dependencies. Learn more about Socket for GitHub.
DiffPackageSupply Chain
Security		VulnerabilityQualityMaintenanceLicense
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​azure@​3.0.27741008398100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​togetherai@​2.0.311001008498100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​deepinfra@​2.0.32991008598100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​deepseek@​2.0.181001008598100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​mistral@​3.0.191001008598100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​cohere@​3.0.191001008598100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​cerebras@​2.0.311001008698100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​perplexity@​3.0.181001008898100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​fireworks@​2.0.321001008998100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​groq@​3.0.2210010010098100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​amazon-bedrock@​3.0.7710010010098100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​google-vertex@​3.0.10010010010098100
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Pull request overview
Adds @workflow/ai/* entrypoints for additional official AI SDK providers using the existing 'use step' wrapper approach so model factory functions can cross workflow step boundaries.
Changes:
  • Added 12 new provider wrapper modules under packages/ai/src/providers/*.
  • Exposed new provider entrypoints via packages/ai/package.jsonexports and added corresponding optional dependencies.
  • Updated lockfile and added a changeset for a patch release of @workflow/ai.
Reviewed changes
Copilot reviewed 14 out of 15 changed files in this pull request and generated 12 comments.
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FileDescription
pnpm-lock.yamlAdds resolved optional dependencies for the new AI SDK provider packages (and their transitive deps).
packages/ai/package.jsonAdds exports entries for new provider subpath entrypoints and lists new provider SDKs as optional dependencies.
packages/ai/src/providers/amazon-bedrock.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Bedrock provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/azure.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Azure provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/cerebras.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Cerebras provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/cohere.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Cohere provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/deepinfra.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for DeepInfra provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/deepseek.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for DeepSeek provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/fireworks.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Fireworks provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/google-vertex.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Google Vertex provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/groq.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Groq provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/mistral.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Mistral provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/perplexity.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Perplexity provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/togetherai.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for TogetherAI provider factory.
.changeset/add-ai-sdk-providers.mdDeclares a patch release noting the new provider wrappers.
Files not reviewed (1)
  • pnpm-lock.yaml: Language not supported
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Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/mistral.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/amazon-bedrock.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/azure.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/cohere.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/fireworks.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/togetherai.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/cerebras.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/deepinfra.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/deepseek.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/google-vertex.ts
@pranaygp
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Feb 11, 2026•

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Closing: blocked on AI SDK v6 upgrade
After investigating the type compatibility issues flagged by Copilot's review, I'm closing this PR. The as CompatibleLanguageModel casts required by all 12 new providers aren't a good pattern to ship.
Root cause
All 12 new provider SDKs resolve to a different copy of @ai-sdk/provider than what @workflow/ai uses:
Provider SDKs@ai-sdk/provider version
@workflow/ai (direct dep)2.0.0
amazon-bedrock, google-vertex2.0.1
azure, cerebras, cohere, deepinfra, deepseek, fireworks, groq, mistral, perplexity, togetherai3.0.8
pnpm installs these as separate package instances, and TypeScript treats types from different copies as incompatible — even when structurally identical. This causes TS2742 ("inferred type cannot be named") on every new provider when you try to match the clean pattern used by the existing 5 providers (openai, anthropic, google, xai, gateway), which all happen to resolve to @ai-sdk/provider@2.0.0.
The only workaround is explicit return type annotations + as CompatibleLanguageModel casts, which hides the provider's concrete model type from consumers.
Why the existing providers work
openai, anthropic, google, xai, and gateway SDKs all depend on @ai-sdk/provider@2.0.0 — the same copy that @workflow/ai resolves to. TypeScript can name the types directly, so LanguageModelV2 satisfies CompatibleLanguageModel without any cast.
Path forward
Upgrading to AI SDK v6 exclusively (dropping v5 support) would unify the workspace on @ai-sdk/provider@3.x, eliminating the dual-version problem. However, that upgrade requires:
  1. Migrating consumer code (do-stream-step.ts, durable-agent.ts, stream-text-iterator.ts, tools-to-model-tools.ts) from V2 to V3 types
  2. Handling provider SDKs that don't have v3 releases yet (cerebras, deepinfra, deepseek, fireworks, togetherai)
  3. Handling provider SDKs whose v3 still depends on @ai-sdk/provider@2.0.1 (amazon-bedrock, google-vertex)
Once v6 is landed, adding these provider wrappers becomes trivial — just copy the existing openai/anthropic pattern with no casts needed.
cc @gr2m@lgrammel@TooTallNate — tagging for visibility since this is blocked on @ai-sdk/provider version alignment across provider packages.
@lgrammel
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Feb 11, 2026

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@pranaygp@gr2m all ai sdk 6 providers should use the v3 provider spec. the dependencies happen automatically:
https://github.com/vercel/ai/blob/main/packages/amazon-bedrock/package.json#L54
so I do not understand how you can have providers with older @ai-sdk/provider versions. you probably just need to upgrade them to their latest version?
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Add provider wrappers for all official AI SDK providers - #986
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@pranaygp
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Feb 9, 2026•

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Summary
Adds step-boundary-compatible provider wrappers for 12 additional official AI SDK providers, matching the existing pattern used by openai, anthropic, google, xai, and gateway.
New providers:
  • Amazon Bedrock (@workflow/ai/amazon-bedrock)
  • Azure OpenAI (@workflow/ai/azure)
  • Cerebras (@workflow/ai/cerebras)
  • Cohere (@workflow/ai/cohere)
  • DeepInfra (@workflow/ai/deepinfra)
  • DeepSeek (@workflow/ai/deepseek)
  • Fireworks (@workflow/ai/fireworks)
  • Google Vertex AI (@workflow/ai/google-vertex)
  • Groq (@workflow/ai/groq)
  • Mistral (@workflow/ai/mistral)
  • Perplexity (@workflow/ai/perplexity)
  • TogetherAI (@workflow/ai/togetherai)
Each provider follows the same 'use step' wrapper pattern so that the model factory function survives step boundary serialization via the StepFunction serde mechanism. All provider SDK packages are added as optional dependencies.
Usage is identical to existing providers:
import{groq}from'@workflow/ai/groq';constagent=newDurableAgent({model: groq('llama-3.3-70b-versatile'),tools: { ... },});
Skipped providers:
  • @ai-sdk/huggingface — not a published package yet
  • @ai-sdk/openai-compatible — no default provider instance; requires custom configuration via createOpenAICompatible(). Users who need OpenAI-compatible providers can use the SDK package directly with a factory function.
Why some providers need as CompatibleLanguageModel casts
The 5 existing providers (openai, anthropic, google, xai, gateway) don't need casts because their SDK packages depend on @ai-sdk/provider@2.0.0 — the same copy that @workflow/ai resolves to. TypeScript sees identical types from the same package instance, so LanguageModelV2 satisfies CompatibleLanguageModel directly.
The 12 new providers depend on @ai-sdk/provider@3.0.8 (or @2.0.1 for amazon-bedrock/google-vertex), which pnpm resolves as a separate package instance. TypeScript treats types from different package copies as incompatible — even when they're structurally identical — causing TS2742 ("inferred type cannot be named") and TS2322 errors. The explicit return type annotation and as CompatibleLanguageModel cast is the only way to make these compile cleanly.
This is safe at runtime because both V2 and V3 models have the same structural doStream interface that @workflow/ai relies on.
Note: Upgrading to AI SDK v6 exclusively (dropping v5 support) was explored as a way to unify on @ai-sdk/provider@3.x across all packages. However, this requires migrating all consumer code (do-stream-step.ts, durable-agent.ts, etc.) from V2 to V3 types, and several provider SDKs still don't have v3 releases. That's a larger effort tracked separately.
Test plan
  •  Verified build compiles with no new errors
  •  Verified all 40 existing tests pass
  •  Test with a user app that uses one of the new providers
🤖 Generated with Claude Code
@pranaygp@claude
Add step-boundary-compatible provider wrappers for all official AI SD…
0a9f8c1
…K providers
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
CopilotAI
review requested due to automatic review settings
February 9, 2026 22:11
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🦋 Changeset detected
Latest commit: 0a9f8c1
The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.
This PR includes changesets to release 1 package
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The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.
ProjectDeploymentActionsUpdated (UTC)
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🧪 E2E Test Results
❌ Some tests failed
Summary
PassedFailedSkippedTotal
❌ ▲ Vercel Production489138528
❌ 💻 Local Development3774162480
✅ 📦 Local Production418062480
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres418062480
✅ 🪟 Windows450348
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds106419156
✅ 📋 Other123021144
Total1976832572316
❌ Failed Tests
▲ Vercel Production (1 failed)
nextjs-webpack (1 failed):
  • sleepingWorkflow
💻 Local Development (41 failed)
express-stable (41 failed):
  • addTenWorkflow
  • addTenWorkflow
  • promiseAllWorkflow
  • promiseRaceWorkflow
  • promiseAnyWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow
  • webhookWorkflow
  • webhook route with invalid token
  • sleepingWorkflow
  • nullByteWorkflow
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
  • fetchWorkflow
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
  • error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
  • error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
  • error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
  • error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
  • error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
  • stepDirectCallWorkflow - calling step functions directly outside workflow context
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
  • health check endpoint (HTTP) - workflow and step endpoints respond to __health query parameter
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
  • pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
  • Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
  • AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
  • ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
  • customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
  • instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
  • crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
  • stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
🌍 Community Worlds (41 failed)
turso (41 failed):
  • addTenWorkflow
  • addTenWorkflow
  • should work with react rendering in step
  • promiseAllWorkflow
  • promiseRaceWorkflow
  • promiseAnyWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow
  • webhookWorkflow
  • sleepingWorkflow
  • nullByteWorkflow
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
  • fetchWorkflow
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
  • error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
  • error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
  • error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
  • error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
  • error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
  • Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
  • AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
  • ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
  • customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
  • instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
  • crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
  • stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
  • pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
Details by Category
❌ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro4404
✅ example4404
✅ express4404
✅ fastify4404
✅ hono4404
✅ nextjs-turbopack4701
❌ nextjs-webpack4611
✅ nitro4404
✅ nuxt4404
✅ sveltekit4404
✅ vite4404
❌ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4107
❌ express-stable0417
✅ fastify-stable4107
✅ hono-stable4107
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable4503
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable4503
✅ nitro-stable4107
✅ nuxt-stable4107
✅ sveltekit-stable4107
✅ vite-stable4107
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4107
✅ express-stable4107
✅ fastify-stable4107
✅ hono-stable4107
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable4503
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable4503
✅ nitro-stable4107
✅ nuxt-stable4107
✅ sveltekit-stable4107
✅ vite-stable4107
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4107
✅ express-stable4107
✅ fastify-stable4107
✅ hono-stable4107
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable4503
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable4503
✅ nitro-stable4107
✅ nuxt-stable4107
✅ sveltekit-stable4107
✅ vite-stable4107
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack4503
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ mongodb-dev300
✅ mongodb4503
✅ redis-dev300
✅ redis4503
✅ starter-dev300
✅ turso-dev300
❌ turso4413
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable4107
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable4107
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable4107
📋 View full workflow run
❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:
  • Vercel Prod: failure
  • Local Dev: failure
  • Local Prod: success
  • Local Postgres: success
  • Windows: success
Check the workflow run for details.
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📊 Benchmark Results
📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.
workflow with no steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro0.031s (-4.3%)1.005s (~)0.974s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress0.032s (-7.5% 🟢)1.004s (~)0.972s101.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.042s1.005s0.963s101.37x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.045s1.005s0.960s101.44x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.085s1.007s0.922s102.76x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.141s (-65.3% 🟢)1.009s (-1.2%)0.869s104.55x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.477s (+115.5% 🔺)1.009s (~)0.532s1015.44x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express0.769s (-15.8% 🟢)2.450s (+3.2%)1.681s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro0.861s (-4.8%)2.524s (+4.5%)1.662s101.12x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)0.864s (-11.5% 🟢)2.436s (-12.4% 🟢)1.572s101.12x
🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)
workflow with 1 step
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.098s2.005s0.908s101.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)1.100s2.006s0.906s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro1.103s (~)2.005s (~)0.902s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.106s (~)2.005s (~)0.899s101.01x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)1.300s2.008s0.708s101.18x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.355s (-4.2%)3.014s (~)0.658s102.15x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.365s (+4.8%)3.014s (~)0.649s102.15x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.603s (-2.3%)3.828s (+7.1% 🔺)1.224s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.750s (+5.5% 🔺)4.114s (+8.0% 🔺)1.363s101.06x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.780s (+1.8%)4.144s (+1.6%)1.364s101.07x
🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)
workflow with 10 sequential steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)10.689s11.021s0.332s31.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.692s11.021s0.330s31.00x
💻 LocalNitro10.813s (~)11.022s (~)0.209s31.01x
💻 LocalExpress10.834s (~)11.021s (~)0.187s31.01x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)12.230s13.018s0.788s31.14x
🐘 PostgresNitro20.230s (-0.6%)21.055s (~)0.825s21.89x
🐘 PostgresExpress20.399s (+1.5%)21.059s (~)0.659s21.91x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro19.605s (~)20.998s (-0.9%)1.392s21.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)19.738s (+1.2%)21.071s (+3.1%)1.333s21.01x
▲ VercelExpress19.770s (-0.6%)21.286s (~)1.516s21.01x
🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express
workflow with 25 sequential steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)26.886s27.050s0.164s31.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)27.115s28.051s0.936s31.01x
💻 LocalNitro27.425s (-0.7%)28.051s (~)0.625s31.02x
💻 LocalExpress27.512s (~)28.050s (~)0.539s31.02x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)30.506s31.037s0.531s21.13x
🐘 PostgresExpress50.209s (~)51.134s (~)0.925s21.87x
🐘 PostgresNitro50.511s (~)51.122s (~)0.612s21.88x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)48.883s (-3.5%)50.465s (-3.6%)1.583s21.00x
▲ VercelNitro49.279s (+0.8%)50.435s (~)1.156s21.01x
▲ VercelExpress49.688s (+2.3%)51.403s (+2.5%)1.715s21.02x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express
workflow with 50 sequential steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)54.316s55.099s0.783s21.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)56.408s57.101s0.692s21.04x
💻 LocalNitro56.986s (-0.7%)57.097s (-1.7%)0.111s21.05x
💻 LocalExpress57.184s (~)58.100s (+0.9%)0.916s21.05x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)61.153s62.072s0.919s21.13x
🐘 PostgresNitro100.152s (~)100.213s (-1.0%)0.061s11.84x
🐘 PostgresExpress100.375s (~)101.241s (~)0.866s11.85x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)103.197s (+1.9%)104.035s (+1.2%)0.838s11.00x
▲ VercelNitro104.722s (~)106.206s (~)1.484s11.01x
▲ VercelExpress105.039s (~)106.542s (~)1.503s11.02x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express
Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.250s2.006s0.756s151.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.376s2.005s0.629s151.10x
💻 LocalExpress1.398s (-1.1%)2.005s (~)0.606s151.12x
💻 LocalNitro1.409s (+1.1%)2.005s (~)0.597s151.13x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.147s3.008s0.862s101.72x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.221s (-3.6%)3.013s (~)0.792s101.78x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.408s (+3.2%)3.013s (~)0.606s101.93x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.786s (-14.7% 🟢)3.894s (-13.7% 🟢)1.108s81.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.031s (+1.4%)4.096s (-3.1%)1.064s81.09x
▲ VercelNitro3.088s (-19.2% 🟢)4.395s (-23.9% 🟢)1.307s71.11x
🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro
Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.470s3.008s0.538s101.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)2.503s3.007s0.505s101.01x
💻 LocalNitro2.520s (-3.6%)3.006s (~)0.486s101.02x
💻 LocalExpress2.558s (+0.9%)3.008s (~)0.450s101.04x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.761s5.178s0.417s61.93x
🐘 PostgresNitro8.385s (-1.5%)8.780s (~)0.395s43.39x
🐘 PostgresExpress8.742s (-2.0%)9.280s (~)0.538s43.54x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)3.163s (~)4.567s (+2.5%)1.404s71.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.251s (-4.2%)4.518s (+1.3%)1.267s71.03x
▲ VercelExpress3.338s (+5.5% 🔺)4.301s (-1.4%)0.963s71.06x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express
Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)4.036s4.867s0.831s71.00x
💻 LocalNitro7.026s (-5.5% 🟢)7.765s (-3.2%)0.739s41.74x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)7.137s7.413s0.275s51.77x
💻 LocalExpress7.462s (+6.0% 🔺)8.024s (+3.3%)0.562s41.85x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)9.919s10.351s0.432s32.46x
🐘 PostgresExpress46.535s (-4.7%)47.125s (-4.1%)0.590s111.53x
🐘 PostgresNitro49.744s (-1.8%)50.104s (-2.0%)0.360s112.32x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express5.268s (+50.6% 🔺)6.266s (+19.3% 🔺)0.998s61.00x
▲ VercelNitro5.712s (+51.9% 🔺)7.349s (+25.8% 🔺)1.637s51.08x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)7.729s (+99.2% 🔺)9.071s (+69.0% 🔺)1.341s41.47x
🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)
Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.277s2.006s0.729s151.00x
💻 LocalNitro1.421s (-1.2%)2.005s (~)0.584s151.11x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.429s2.005s0.576s151.12x
💻 LocalExpress1.444s (+2.3%)2.005s (~)0.561s151.13x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.046s (-6.8% 🟢)2.681s (~)0.636s121.60x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.059s (+1.7%)2.511s (+8.3% 🔺)0.452s121.61x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.174s3.007s0.834s101.70x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.610s (-13.1% 🟢)3.680s (-19.6% 🟢)1.071s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.640s (-9.1% 🟢)3.770s (-5.0% 🟢)1.130s81.01x
▲ VercelNitro2.659s (-5.5% 🟢)4.225s (+5.2% 🔺)1.565s81.02x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro
Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.513s3.008s0.495s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.565s3.008s0.443s101.02x
💻 LocalNitro2.604s (-4.3%)3.007s (~)0.403s101.04x
💻 LocalExpress2.687s (+0.7%)3.007s (~)0.321s101.07x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.667s5.175s0.509s61.86x
🐘 PostgresExpress11.920s (-6.4% 🟢)12.377s (-7.5% 🟢)0.457s34.74x
🐘 PostgresNitro12.031s (+5.6% 🔺)12.701s (+8.6% 🔺)0.669s34.79x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.904s (-2.5%)3.937s (-5.3% 🟢)1.033s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.911s (+2.6%)3.897s (-3.5%)0.986s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.973s (+1.6%)4.349s (-5.0% 🟢)1.375s71.02x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro
Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)4.095s4.868s0.773s71.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)7.295s7.514s0.219s41.78x
💻 LocalNitro7.487s (-6.4% 🟢)8.019s (-8.6% 🟢)0.533s41.83x
💻 LocalExpress7.907s (+3.8%)8.277s (+3.3%)0.370s41.93x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)10.049s10.348s0.299s32.45x
🐘 PostgresExpress51.210s (-2.3%)52.130s (-1.9%)0.920s112.51x
🐘 PostgresNitro54.770s (+7.7% 🔺)55.119s (+7.8% 🔺)0.349s113.38x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)3.650s (+6.2% 🔺)4.753s (-8.2% 🟢)1.103s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.908s (+1.9%)5.251s (+2.6%)1.343s61.07x
▲ VercelNitro4.233s (+15.7% 🔺)5.440s (+10.9% 🔺)1.207s61.16x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro
Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.138s1.001s0.010s1.015s0.877s101.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.157s1.000s0.001s1.007s0.850s101.14x
💻 LocalNitro0.168s (-4.0%)1.002s (~)0.010s (-12.5% 🟢)1.015s (~)0.847s101.22x
💻 LocalExpress0.174s (-1.5%)1.002s (~)0.010s (+6.3% 🔺)1.015s (~)0.841s101.27x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.515s0.931s0.001s1.009s0.493s103.74x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.295s (-4.4%)2.739s (+3.9%)0.001s (-25.0% 🟢)3.013s (~)0.718s1016.66x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.477s (+14.3% 🔺)2.564s (-10.9% 🟢)0.001s (~)3.014s (~)0.538s1017.97x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.495s (-15.1% 🟢)3.275s (-11.7% 🟢)0.247s (+49.2% 🔺)4.250s (-10.9% 🟢)1.755s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.529s (-4.9%)3.291s (+6.9% 🔺)0.407s (+204.8% 🔺)4.536s (+13.0% 🔺)2.007s101.01x
▲ VercelExpress3.073s (+22.3% 🔺)3.474s (+16.5% 🔺)0.181s (-33.6% 🟢)4.418s (+10.3% 🔺)1.345s101.23x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express
Summary
Fastest Framework by World
Winner determined by most benchmark wins
World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)9/12
🐘 PostgresExpress6/12
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)7/12
Fastest World by Framework
Winner determined by most benchmark wins
Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express💻 Local10/12
Next.js (Turbopack)🌐 Redis7/12
Nitro💻 Local10/12
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark
Worlds:
  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
📋 View full workflow run
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Review the following changes in direct dependencies. Learn more about Socket for GitHub.
DiffPackageSupply Chain
Security		VulnerabilityQualityMaintenanceLicense
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​azure@​3.0.27741008398100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​togetherai@​2.0.311001008498100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​deepinfra@​2.0.32991008598100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​deepseek@​2.0.181001008598100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​mistral@​3.0.191001008598100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​cohere@​3.0.191001008598100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​cerebras@​2.0.311001008698100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​perplexity@​3.0.181001008898100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​fireworks@​2.0.321001008998100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​groq@​3.0.2210010010098100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​amazon-bedrock@​3.0.7710010010098100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​google-vertex@​3.0.10010010010098100
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Pull request overview
Adds @workflow/ai/* entrypoints for additional official AI SDK providers using the existing 'use step' wrapper approach so model factory functions can cross workflow step boundaries.
Changes:
  • Added 12 new provider wrapper modules under packages/ai/src/providers/*.
  • Exposed new provider entrypoints via packages/ai/package.jsonexports and added corresponding optional dependencies.
  • Updated lockfile and added a changeset for a patch release of @workflow/ai.
Reviewed changes
Copilot reviewed 14 out of 15 changed files in this pull request and generated 12 comments.
Show a summary per file
FileDescription
pnpm-lock.yamlAdds resolved optional dependencies for the new AI SDK provider packages (and their transitive deps).
packages/ai/package.jsonAdds exports entries for new provider subpath entrypoints and lists new provider SDKs as optional dependencies.
packages/ai/src/providers/amazon-bedrock.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Bedrock provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/azure.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Azure provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/cerebras.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Cerebras provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/cohere.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Cohere provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/deepinfra.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for DeepInfra provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/deepseek.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for DeepSeek provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/fireworks.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Fireworks provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/google-vertex.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Google Vertex provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/groq.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Groq provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/mistral.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Mistral provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/perplexity.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Perplexity provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/togetherai.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for TogetherAI provider factory.
.changeset/add-ai-sdk-providers.mdDeclares a patch release noting the new provider wrappers.
Files not reviewed (1)
  • pnpm-lock.yaml: Language not supported
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Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/mistral.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/amazon-bedrock.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/azure.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/cohere.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/fireworks.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/togetherai.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/cerebras.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/deepinfra.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/deepseek.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/google-vertex.ts
@pranaygp
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Feb 11, 2026•

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Closing: blocked on AI SDK v6 upgrade
After investigating the type compatibility issues flagged by Copilot's review, I'm closing this PR. The as CompatibleLanguageModel casts required by all 12 new providers aren't a good pattern to ship.
Root cause
All 12 new provider SDKs resolve to a different copy of @ai-sdk/provider than what @workflow/ai uses:
Provider SDKs@ai-sdk/provider version
@workflow/ai (direct dep)2.0.0
amazon-bedrock, google-vertex2.0.1
azure, cerebras, cohere, deepinfra, deepseek, fireworks, groq, mistral, perplexity, togetherai3.0.8
pnpm installs these as separate package instances, and TypeScript treats types from different copies as incompatible — even when structurally identical. This causes TS2742 ("inferred type cannot be named") on every new provider when you try to match the clean pattern used by the existing 5 providers (openai, anthropic, google, xai, gateway), which all happen to resolve to @ai-sdk/provider@2.0.0.
The only workaround is explicit return type annotations + as CompatibleLanguageModel casts, which hides the provider's concrete model type from consumers.
Why the existing providers work
openai, anthropic, google, xai, and gateway SDKs all depend on @ai-sdk/provider@2.0.0 — the same copy that @workflow/ai resolves to. TypeScript can name the types directly, so LanguageModelV2 satisfies CompatibleLanguageModel without any cast.
Path forward
Upgrading to AI SDK v6 exclusively (dropping v5 support) would unify the workspace on @ai-sdk/provider@3.x, eliminating the dual-version problem. However, that upgrade requires:
  1. Migrating consumer code (do-stream-step.ts, durable-agent.ts, stream-text-iterator.ts, tools-to-model-tools.ts) from V2 to V3 types
  2. Handling provider SDKs that don't have v3 releases yet (cerebras, deepinfra, deepseek, fireworks, togetherai)
  3. Handling provider SDKs whose v3 still depends on @ai-sdk/provider@2.0.1 (amazon-bedrock, google-vertex)
Once v6 is landed, adding these provider wrappers becomes trivial — just copy the existing openai/anthropic pattern with no casts needed.
cc @gr2m@lgrammel@TooTallNate — tagging for visibility since this is blocked on @ai-sdk/provider version alignment across provider packages.
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Feb 11, 2026

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@pranaygp@gr2m all ai sdk 6 providers should use the v3 provider spec. the dependencies happen automatically:
https://github.com/vercel/ai/blob/main/packages/amazon-bedrock/package.json#L54
so I do not understand how you can have providers with older @ai-sdk/provider versions. you probably just need to upgrade them to their latest version?
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Add provider wrappers for all official AI SDK providers - #986
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Add provider wrappers for all official AI SDK providers#986
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@pranaygp
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Feb 9, 2026•

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Summary
Adds step-boundary-compatible provider wrappers for 12 additional official AI SDK providers, matching the existing pattern used by openai, anthropic, google, xai, and gateway.
New providers:
  • Amazon Bedrock (@workflow/ai/amazon-bedrock)
  • Azure OpenAI (@workflow/ai/azure)
  • Cerebras (@workflow/ai/cerebras)
  • Cohere (@workflow/ai/cohere)
  • DeepInfra (@workflow/ai/deepinfra)
  • DeepSeek (@workflow/ai/deepseek)
  • Fireworks (@workflow/ai/fireworks)
  • Google Vertex AI (@workflow/ai/google-vertex)
  • Groq (@workflow/ai/groq)
  • Mistral (@workflow/ai/mistral)
  • Perplexity (@workflow/ai/perplexity)
  • TogetherAI (@workflow/ai/togetherai)
Each provider follows the same 'use step' wrapper pattern so that the model factory function survives step boundary serialization via the StepFunction serde mechanism. All provider SDK packages are added as optional dependencies.
Usage is identical to existing providers:
import{groq}from'@workflow/ai/groq';constagent=newDurableAgent({model: groq('llama-3.3-70b-versatile'),tools: { ... },});
Skipped providers:
  • @ai-sdk/huggingface — not a published package yet
  • @ai-sdk/openai-compatible — no default provider instance; requires custom configuration via createOpenAICompatible(). Users who need OpenAI-compatible providers can use the SDK package directly with a factory function.
Why some providers need as CompatibleLanguageModel casts
The 5 existing providers (openai, anthropic, google, xai, gateway) don't need casts because their SDK packages depend on @ai-sdk/provider@2.0.0 — the same copy that @workflow/ai resolves to. TypeScript sees identical types from the same package instance, so LanguageModelV2 satisfies CompatibleLanguageModel directly.
The 12 new providers depend on @ai-sdk/provider@3.0.8 (or @2.0.1 for amazon-bedrock/google-vertex), which pnpm resolves as a separate package instance. TypeScript treats types from different package copies as incompatible — even when they're structurally identical — causing TS2742 ("inferred type cannot be named") and TS2322 errors. The explicit return type annotation and as CompatibleLanguageModel cast is the only way to make these compile cleanly.
This is safe at runtime because both V2 and V3 models have the same structural doStream interface that @workflow/ai relies on.
Note: Upgrading to AI SDK v6 exclusively (dropping v5 support) was explored as a way to unify on @ai-sdk/provider@3.x across all packages. However, this requires migrating all consumer code (do-stream-step.ts, durable-agent.ts, etc.) from V2 to V3 types, and several provider SDKs still don't have v3 releases. That's a larger effort tracked separately.
Test plan
  •  Verified build compiles with no new errors
  •  Verified all 40 existing tests pass
  •  Test with a user app that uses one of the new providers
🤖 Generated with Claude Code
@pranaygp@claude
Add step-boundary-compatible provider wrappers for all official AI SD…
0a9f8c1
…K providers
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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review requested due to automatic review settings
February 9, 2026 22:11
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🦋 Changeset detected
Latest commit: 0a9f8c1
The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.
This PR includes changesets to release 1 package
NameType
@workflow/aiPatch
Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.
Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR
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The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.
ProjectDeploymentActionsUpdated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopackReadyReadyPreview, Comment, Open in v0Feb 9, 2026 10:13pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpackReadyReadyPreview, Comment, Open in v0Feb 9, 2026 10:13pm
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🧪 E2E Test Results
❌ Some tests failed
Summary
PassedFailedSkippedTotal
❌ ▲ Vercel Production489138528
❌ 💻 Local Development3774162480
✅ 📦 Local Production418062480
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres418062480
✅ 🪟 Windows450348
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds106419156
✅ 📋 Other123021144
Total1976832572316
❌ Failed Tests
▲ Vercel Production (1 failed)
nextjs-webpack (1 failed):
  • sleepingWorkflow
💻 Local Development (41 failed)
express-stable (41 failed):
  • addTenWorkflow
  • addTenWorkflow
  • promiseAllWorkflow
  • promiseRaceWorkflow
  • promiseAnyWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow
  • webhookWorkflow
  • webhook route with invalid token
  • sleepingWorkflow
  • nullByteWorkflow
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
  • fetchWorkflow
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
  • error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
  • error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
  • error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
  • error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
  • error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
  • stepDirectCallWorkflow - calling step functions directly outside workflow context
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
  • health check endpoint (HTTP) - workflow and step endpoints respond to __health query parameter
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
  • pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
  • Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
  • AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
  • ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
  • customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
  • instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
  • crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
  • stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
🌍 Community Worlds (41 failed)
turso (41 failed):
  • addTenWorkflow
  • addTenWorkflow
  • should work with react rendering in step
  • promiseAllWorkflow
  • promiseRaceWorkflow
  • promiseAnyWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow
  • webhookWorkflow
  • sleepingWorkflow
  • nullByteWorkflow
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
  • fetchWorkflow
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
  • error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
  • error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
  • error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
  • error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
  • error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
  • Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
  • AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
  • ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
  • customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
  • instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
  • crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
  • stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
  • pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
Details by Category
❌ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro4404
✅ example4404
✅ express4404
✅ fastify4404
✅ hono4404
✅ nextjs-turbopack4701
❌ nextjs-webpack4611
✅ nitro4404
✅ nuxt4404
✅ sveltekit4404
✅ vite4404
❌ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4107
❌ express-stable0417
✅ fastify-stable4107
✅ hono-stable4107
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable4503
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable4503
✅ nitro-stable4107
✅ nuxt-stable4107
✅ sveltekit-stable4107
✅ vite-stable4107
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4107
✅ express-stable4107
✅ fastify-stable4107
✅ hono-stable4107
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable4503
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable4503
✅ nitro-stable4107
✅ nuxt-stable4107
✅ sveltekit-stable4107
✅ vite-stable4107
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4107
✅ express-stable4107
✅ fastify-stable4107
✅ hono-stable4107
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable4503
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable4503
✅ nitro-stable4107
✅ nuxt-stable4107
✅ sveltekit-stable4107
✅ vite-stable4107
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack4503
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ mongodb-dev300
✅ mongodb4503
✅ redis-dev300
✅ redis4503
✅ starter-dev300
✅ turso-dev300
❌ turso4413
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable4107
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable4107
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable4107
📋 View full workflow run
❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:
  • Vercel Prod: failure
  • Local Dev: failure
  • Local Prod: success
  • Local Postgres: success
  • Windows: success
Check the workflow run for details.
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📊 Benchmark Results
📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.
workflow with no steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro0.031s (-4.3%)1.005s (~)0.974s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress0.032s (-7.5% 🟢)1.004s (~)0.972s101.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.042s1.005s0.963s101.37x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.045s1.005s0.960s101.44x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.085s1.007s0.922s102.76x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.141s (-65.3% 🟢)1.009s (-1.2%)0.869s104.55x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.477s (+115.5% 🔺)1.009s (~)0.532s1015.44x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express0.769s (-15.8% 🟢)2.450s (+3.2%)1.681s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro0.861s (-4.8%)2.524s (+4.5%)1.662s101.12x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)0.864s (-11.5% 🟢)2.436s (-12.4% 🟢)1.572s101.12x
🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)
workflow with 1 step
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.098s2.005s0.908s101.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)1.100s2.006s0.906s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro1.103s (~)2.005s (~)0.902s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.106s (~)2.005s (~)0.899s101.01x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)1.300s2.008s0.708s101.18x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.355s (-4.2%)3.014s (~)0.658s102.15x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.365s (+4.8%)3.014s (~)0.649s102.15x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.603s (-2.3%)3.828s (+7.1% 🔺)1.224s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.750s (+5.5% 🔺)4.114s (+8.0% 🔺)1.363s101.06x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.780s (+1.8%)4.144s (+1.6%)1.364s101.07x
🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)
workflow with 10 sequential steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)10.689s11.021s0.332s31.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.692s11.021s0.330s31.00x
💻 LocalNitro10.813s (~)11.022s (~)0.209s31.01x
💻 LocalExpress10.834s (~)11.021s (~)0.187s31.01x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)12.230s13.018s0.788s31.14x
🐘 PostgresNitro20.230s (-0.6%)21.055s (~)0.825s21.89x
🐘 PostgresExpress20.399s (+1.5%)21.059s (~)0.659s21.91x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro19.605s (~)20.998s (-0.9%)1.392s21.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)19.738s (+1.2%)21.071s (+3.1%)1.333s21.01x
▲ VercelExpress19.770s (-0.6%)21.286s (~)1.516s21.01x
🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express
workflow with 25 sequential steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)26.886s27.050s0.164s31.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)27.115s28.051s0.936s31.01x
💻 LocalNitro27.425s (-0.7%)28.051s (~)0.625s31.02x
💻 LocalExpress27.512s (~)28.050s (~)0.539s31.02x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)30.506s31.037s0.531s21.13x
🐘 PostgresExpress50.209s (~)51.134s (~)0.925s21.87x
🐘 PostgresNitro50.511s (~)51.122s (~)0.612s21.88x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)48.883s (-3.5%)50.465s (-3.6%)1.583s21.00x
▲ VercelNitro49.279s (+0.8%)50.435s (~)1.156s21.01x
▲ VercelExpress49.688s (+2.3%)51.403s (+2.5%)1.715s21.02x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express
workflow with 50 sequential steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)54.316s55.099s0.783s21.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)56.408s57.101s0.692s21.04x
💻 LocalNitro56.986s (-0.7%)57.097s (-1.7%)0.111s21.05x
💻 LocalExpress57.184s (~)58.100s (+0.9%)0.916s21.05x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)61.153s62.072s0.919s21.13x
🐘 PostgresNitro100.152s (~)100.213s (-1.0%)0.061s11.84x
🐘 PostgresExpress100.375s (~)101.241s (~)0.866s11.85x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)103.197s (+1.9%)104.035s (+1.2%)0.838s11.00x
▲ VercelNitro104.722s (~)106.206s (~)1.484s11.01x
▲ VercelExpress105.039s (~)106.542s (~)1.503s11.02x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express
Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.250s2.006s0.756s151.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.376s2.005s0.629s151.10x
💻 LocalExpress1.398s (-1.1%)2.005s (~)0.606s151.12x
💻 LocalNitro1.409s (+1.1%)2.005s (~)0.597s151.13x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.147s3.008s0.862s101.72x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.221s (-3.6%)3.013s (~)0.792s101.78x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.408s (+3.2%)3.013s (~)0.606s101.93x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.786s (-14.7% 🟢)3.894s (-13.7% 🟢)1.108s81.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.031s (+1.4%)4.096s (-3.1%)1.064s81.09x
▲ VercelNitro3.088s (-19.2% 🟢)4.395s (-23.9% 🟢)1.307s71.11x
🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro
Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.470s3.008s0.538s101.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)2.503s3.007s0.505s101.01x
💻 LocalNitro2.520s (-3.6%)3.006s (~)0.486s101.02x
💻 LocalExpress2.558s (+0.9%)3.008s (~)0.450s101.04x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.761s5.178s0.417s61.93x
🐘 PostgresNitro8.385s (-1.5%)8.780s (~)0.395s43.39x
🐘 PostgresExpress8.742s (-2.0%)9.280s (~)0.538s43.54x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)3.163s (~)4.567s (+2.5%)1.404s71.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.251s (-4.2%)4.518s (+1.3%)1.267s71.03x
▲ VercelExpress3.338s (+5.5% 🔺)4.301s (-1.4%)0.963s71.06x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express
Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)4.036s4.867s0.831s71.00x
💻 LocalNitro7.026s (-5.5% 🟢)7.765s (-3.2%)0.739s41.74x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)7.137s7.413s0.275s51.77x
💻 LocalExpress7.462s (+6.0% 🔺)8.024s (+3.3%)0.562s41.85x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)9.919s10.351s0.432s32.46x
🐘 PostgresExpress46.535s (-4.7%)47.125s (-4.1%)0.590s111.53x
🐘 PostgresNitro49.744s (-1.8%)50.104s (-2.0%)0.360s112.32x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express5.268s (+50.6% 🔺)6.266s (+19.3% 🔺)0.998s61.00x
▲ VercelNitro5.712s (+51.9% 🔺)7.349s (+25.8% 🔺)1.637s51.08x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)7.729s (+99.2% 🔺)9.071s (+69.0% 🔺)1.341s41.47x
🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)
Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.277s2.006s0.729s151.00x
💻 LocalNitro1.421s (-1.2%)2.005s (~)0.584s151.11x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.429s2.005s0.576s151.12x
💻 LocalExpress1.444s (+2.3%)2.005s (~)0.561s151.13x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.046s (-6.8% 🟢)2.681s (~)0.636s121.60x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.059s (+1.7%)2.511s (+8.3% 🔺)0.452s121.61x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.174s3.007s0.834s101.70x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.610s (-13.1% 🟢)3.680s (-19.6% 🟢)1.071s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.640s (-9.1% 🟢)3.770s (-5.0% 🟢)1.130s81.01x
▲ VercelNitro2.659s (-5.5% 🟢)4.225s (+5.2% 🔺)1.565s81.02x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro
Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.513s3.008s0.495s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.565s3.008s0.443s101.02x
💻 LocalNitro2.604s (-4.3%)3.007s (~)0.403s101.04x
💻 LocalExpress2.687s (+0.7%)3.007s (~)0.321s101.07x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.667s5.175s0.509s61.86x
🐘 PostgresExpress11.920s (-6.4% 🟢)12.377s (-7.5% 🟢)0.457s34.74x
🐘 PostgresNitro12.031s (+5.6% 🔺)12.701s (+8.6% 🔺)0.669s34.79x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.904s (-2.5%)3.937s (-5.3% 🟢)1.033s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.911s (+2.6%)3.897s (-3.5%)0.986s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.973s (+1.6%)4.349s (-5.0% 🟢)1.375s71.02x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro
Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)4.095s4.868s0.773s71.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)7.295s7.514s0.219s41.78x
💻 LocalNitro7.487s (-6.4% 🟢)8.019s (-8.6% 🟢)0.533s41.83x
💻 LocalExpress7.907s (+3.8%)8.277s (+3.3%)0.370s41.93x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)10.049s10.348s0.299s32.45x
🐘 PostgresExpress51.210s (-2.3%)52.130s (-1.9%)0.920s112.51x
🐘 PostgresNitro54.770s (+7.7% 🔺)55.119s (+7.8% 🔺)0.349s113.38x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)3.650s (+6.2% 🔺)4.753s (-8.2% 🟢)1.103s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.908s (+1.9%)5.251s (+2.6%)1.343s61.07x
▲ VercelNitro4.233s (+15.7% 🔺)5.440s (+10.9% 🔺)1.207s61.16x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro
Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.138s1.001s0.010s1.015s0.877s101.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.157s1.000s0.001s1.007s0.850s101.14x
💻 LocalNitro0.168s (-4.0%)1.002s (~)0.010s (-12.5% 🟢)1.015s (~)0.847s101.22x
💻 LocalExpress0.174s (-1.5%)1.002s (~)0.010s (+6.3% 🔺)1.015s (~)0.841s101.27x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.515s0.931s0.001s1.009s0.493s103.74x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.295s (-4.4%)2.739s (+3.9%)0.001s (-25.0% 🟢)3.013s (~)0.718s1016.66x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.477s (+14.3% 🔺)2.564s (-10.9% 🟢)0.001s (~)3.014s (~)0.538s1017.97x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.495s (-15.1% 🟢)3.275s (-11.7% 🟢)0.247s (+49.2% 🔺)4.250s (-10.9% 🟢)1.755s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.529s (-4.9%)3.291s (+6.9% 🔺)0.407s (+204.8% 🔺)4.536s (+13.0% 🔺)2.007s101.01x
▲ VercelExpress3.073s (+22.3% 🔺)3.474s (+16.5% 🔺)0.181s (-33.6% 🟢)4.418s (+10.3% 🔺)1.345s101.23x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express
Summary
Fastest Framework by World
Winner determined by most benchmark wins
World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)9/12
🐘 PostgresExpress6/12
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)7/12
Fastest World by Framework
Winner determined by most benchmark wins
Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express💻 Local10/12
Next.js (Turbopack)🌐 Redis7/12
Nitro💻 Local10/12
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark
Worlds:
  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
📋 View full workflow run
@socket-security
socket-securityBot
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Feb 9, 2026

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Review the following changes in direct dependencies. Learn more about Socket for GitHub.
DiffPackageSupply Chain
Security		VulnerabilityQualityMaintenanceLicense
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​azure@​3.0.27741008398100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​togetherai@​2.0.311001008498100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​deepinfra@​2.0.32991008598100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​deepseek@​2.0.181001008598100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​mistral@​3.0.191001008598100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​cohere@​3.0.191001008598100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​cerebras@​2.0.311001008698100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​perplexity@​3.0.181001008898100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​fireworks@​2.0.321001008998100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​groq@​3.0.2210010010098100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​amazon-bedrock@​3.0.7710010010098100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​google-vertex@​3.0.10010010010098100
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Pull request overview
Adds @workflow/ai/* entrypoints for additional official AI SDK providers using the existing 'use step' wrapper approach so model factory functions can cross workflow step boundaries.
Changes:
  • Added 12 new provider wrapper modules under packages/ai/src/providers/*.
  • Exposed new provider entrypoints via packages/ai/package.jsonexports and added corresponding optional dependencies.
  • Updated lockfile and added a changeset for a patch release of @workflow/ai.
Reviewed changes
Copilot reviewed 14 out of 15 changed files in this pull request and generated 12 comments.
Show a summary per file
FileDescription
pnpm-lock.yamlAdds resolved optional dependencies for the new AI SDK provider packages (and their transitive deps).
packages/ai/package.jsonAdds exports entries for new provider subpath entrypoints and lists new provider SDKs as optional dependencies.
packages/ai/src/providers/amazon-bedrock.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Bedrock provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/azure.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Azure provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/cerebras.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Cerebras provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/cohere.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Cohere provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/deepinfra.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for DeepInfra provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/deepseek.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for DeepSeek provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/fireworks.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Fireworks provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/google-vertex.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Google Vertex provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/groq.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Groq provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/mistral.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Mistral provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/perplexity.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Perplexity provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/togetherai.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for TogetherAI provider factory.
.changeset/add-ai-sdk-providers.mdDeclares a patch release noting the new provider wrappers.
Files not reviewed (1)
  • pnpm-lock.yaml: Language not supported
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Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/mistral.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/amazon-bedrock.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/azure.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/cohere.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/fireworks.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/togetherai.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/cerebras.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/deepinfra.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/deepseek.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/google-vertex.ts
@pranaygp
pranaygp
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Feb 11, 2026•

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Closing: blocked on AI SDK v6 upgrade
After investigating the type compatibility issues flagged by Copilot's review, I'm closing this PR. The as CompatibleLanguageModel casts required by all 12 new providers aren't a good pattern to ship.
Root cause
All 12 new provider SDKs resolve to a different copy of @ai-sdk/provider than what @workflow/ai uses:
Provider SDKs@ai-sdk/provider version
@workflow/ai (direct dep)2.0.0
amazon-bedrock, google-vertex2.0.1
azure, cerebras, cohere, deepinfra, deepseek, fireworks, groq, mistral, perplexity, togetherai3.0.8
pnpm installs these as separate package instances, and TypeScript treats types from different copies as incompatible — even when structurally identical. This causes TS2742 ("inferred type cannot be named") on every new provider when you try to match the clean pattern used by the existing 5 providers (openai, anthropic, google, xai, gateway), which all happen to resolve to @ai-sdk/provider@2.0.0.
The only workaround is explicit return type annotations + as CompatibleLanguageModel casts, which hides the provider's concrete model type from consumers.
Why the existing providers work
openai, anthropic, google, xai, and gateway SDKs all depend on @ai-sdk/provider@2.0.0 — the same copy that @workflow/ai resolves to. TypeScript can name the types directly, so LanguageModelV2 satisfies CompatibleLanguageModel without any cast.
Path forward
Upgrading to AI SDK v6 exclusively (dropping v5 support) would unify the workspace on @ai-sdk/provider@3.x, eliminating the dual-version problem. However, that upgrade requires:
  1. Migrating consumer code (do-stream-step.ts, durable-agent.ts, stream-text-iterator.ts, tools-to-model-tools.ts) from V2 to V3 types
  2. Handling provider SDKs that don't have v3 releases yet (cerebras, deepinfra, deepseek, fireworks, togetherai)
  3. Handling provider SDKs whose v3 still depends on @ai-sdk/provider@2.0.1 (amazon-bedrock, google-vertex)
Once v6 is landed, adding these provider wrappers becomes trivial — just copy the existing openai/anthropic pattern with no casts needed.
cc @gr2m@lgrammel@TooTallNate — tagging for visibility since this is blocked on @ai-sdk/provider version alignment across provider packages.
@lgrammel
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Feb 11, 2026

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@pranaygp@gr2m all ai sdk 6 providers should use the v3 provider spec. the dependencies happen automatically:
https://github.com/vercel/ai/blob/main/packages/amazon-bedrock/package.json#L54
so I do not understand how you can have providers with older @ai-sdk/provider versions. you probably just need to upgrade them to their latest version?
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, 'i');
if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) {
injectUserscript("// Universal Dark Mode - works on any site\n(function() {\n var enabled = true;\n \n function applyDarkMode() {\n if (!enabled) return;\n \n // Create style element if it doesn't exist\n var style = document.getElementById('universal-dark-mode-style');\n if (!style) {\n style = document.createElement('style');\n style.id = 'universal-dark-mode-style';\n document.head.appendChild(style);\n }\n \n // Dark mode CSS - inverts colors but preserves images/video\n style.textContent = '\n /* Invert everything except media */\n html {\n filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg) !important;\n background: #1a1a2e !important;\n }\n \n /* Restore images, videos, iframes, canvas */\n img, video, iframe, canvas, svg, picture, [style*=\"background-image\"] {\n filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg) !important;\n }\n \n /* Preserve specific elements that should not be inverted */\n .no-dark-mode, .no-dark-mode *,\n [data-theme=\"light\"], [data-theme=\"light\"],\n .ace_editor, .ace_editor *,\n .CodeMirror, .CodeMirror *,\n .monaco-editor, .monaco-editor *,\n .markdown-body pre, .markdown-body pre *,\n .highlight, .highlight *,\n pre code, pre code * {\n filter: none !important;\n }\n \n /* Fix common UI elements */\n .modal, .popup, .dropdown-menu, .tooltip, .popover {\n filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg) !important;\n background: #2d2d44 !important;\n border-color: #444 !important;\n }\n \n /* Scrollbars */\n ::-webkit-scrollbar { background: #1a1a2e !important; }\n ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb { background: #444 !important; }\n ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover { background: #555 !important; }\n \n /* Selection */\n ::selection { background: #4ecdc4 !important; color: #1a1a2e !important; }\n ::-moz-selection { background: #4ecdc4 !important; color: #1a1a2e !important; }\n ';\n }\n \n function removeDarkMode() {\n var style = document.getElementById('universal-dark-mode-style');\n if (style) style.remove();\n }\n \n // Toggle with Alt+Shift+D\n document.addEventListener('keydown', function(e) {\n if (e.altKey && e.shiftKey && e.key === 'D') {\n e.preventDefault();\n enabled = !enabled;\n if (enabled) {\n applyDarkMode();\n console.log('[Universal Dark Mode] Enabled');\n } else {\n removeDarkMode();\n console.log('[Universal Dark Mode] Disabled');\n }\n }\n });\n \n // Apply on load\n applyDarkMode();\n \n // Re-apply on dynamic content\n var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) {\n if (enabled && !document.getElementById('universal-dark-mode-style')) {\n applyDarkMode();\n }\n });\n observer.observe(document.head, { childList: true });\n \n console.log('[Universal Dark Mode] Loaded - Press Alt+Shift+D to toggle');\n})();", "Universal Dark Mode");
}
} catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Universal Dark Mode]', __e); }
})();
})();

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Add provider wrappers for all official AI SDK providers - #986
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feat/add-ai-sdk-providers
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Add provider wrappers for all official AI SDK providers#986
pranaygp wants to merge 1 commit into
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feat/add-ai-sdk-providers
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Summary
Adds step-boundary-compatible provider wrappers for 12 additional official AI SDK providers, matching the existing pattern used by openai, anthropic, google, xai, and gateway.
New providers:
  • Amazon Bedrock (@workflow/ai/amazon-bedrock)
  • Azure OpenAI (@workflow/ai/azure)
  • Cerebras (@workflow/ai/cerebras)
  • Cohere (@workflow/ai/cohere)
  • DeepInfra (@workflow/ai/deepinfra)
  • DeepSeek (@workflow/ai/deepseek)
  • Fireworks (@workflow/ai/fireworks)
  • Google Vertex AI (@workflow/ai/google-vertex)
  • Groq (@workflow/ai/groq)
  • Mistral (@workflow/ai/mistral)
  • Perplexity (@workflow/ai/perplexity)
  • TogetherAI (@workflow/ai/togetherai)
Each provider follows the same 'use step' wrapper pattern so that the model factory function survives step boundary serialization via the StepFunction serde mechanism. All provider SDK packages are added as optional dependencies.
Usage is identical to existing providers:
import{groq}from'@workflow/ai/groq';constagent=newDurableAgent({model: groq('llama-3.3-70b-versatile'),tools: { ... },});
Skipped providers:
  • @ai-sdk/huggingface — not a published package yet
  • @ai-sdk/openai-compatible — no default provider instance; requires custom configuration via createOpenAICompatible(). Users who need OpenAI-compatible providers can use the SDK package directly with a factory function.
Why some providers need as CompatibleLanguageModel casts
The 5 existing providers (openai, anthropic, google, xai, gateway) don't need casts because their SDK packages depend on @ai-sdk/provider@2.0.0 — the same copy that @workflow/ai resolves to. TypeScript sees identical types from the same package instance, so LanguageModelV2 satisfies CompatibleLanguageModel directly.
The 12 new providers depend on @ai-sdk/provider@3.0.8 (or @2.0.1 for amazon-bedrock/google-vertex), which pnpm resolves as a separate package instance. TypeScript treats types from different package copies as incompatible — even when they're structurally identical — causing TS2742 ("inferred type cannot be named") and TS2322 errors. The explicit return type annotation and as CompatibleLanguageModel cast is the only way to make these compile cleanly.
This is safe at runtime because both V2 and V3 models have the same structural doStream interface that @workflow/ai relies on.
Note: Upgrading to AI SDK v6 exclusively (dropping v5 support) was explored as a way to unify on @ai-sdk/provider@3.x across all packages. However, this requires migrating all consumer code (do-stream-step.ts, durable-agent.ts, etc.) from V2 to V3 types, and several provider SDKs still don't have v3 releases. That's a larger effort tracked separately.
Test plan
  •  Verified build compiles with no new errors
  •  Verified all 40 existing tests pass
  •  Test with a user app that uses one of the new providers
🤖 Generated with Claude Code
@pranaygp@claude
Add step-boundary-compatible provider wrappers for all official AI SD…
0a9f8c1
…K providers
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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review requested due to automatic review settings
February 9, 2026 22:11
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🦋 Changeset detected
Latest commit: 0a9f8c1
The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.
This PR includes changesets to release 1 package
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Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR
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The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.
ProjectDeploymentActionsUpdated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopackReadyReadyPreview, Comment, Open in v0Feb 9, 2026 10:13pm
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🧪 E2E Test Results
❌ Some tests failed
Summary
PassedFailedSkippedTotal
❌ ▲ Vercel Production489138528
❌ 💻 Local Development3774162480
✅ 📦 Local Production418062480
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres418062480
✅ 🪟 Windows450348
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds106419156
✅ 📋 Other123021144
Total1976832572316
❌ Failed Tests
▲ Vercel Production (1 failed)
nextjs-webpack (1 failed):
  • sleepingWorkflow
💻 Local Development (41 failed)
express-stable (41 failed):
  • addTenWorkflow
  • addTenWorkflow
  • promiseAllWorkflow
  • promiseRaceWorkflow
  • promiseAnyWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow
  • webhookWorkflow
  • webhook route with invalid token
  • sleepingWorkflow
  • nullByteWorkflow
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
  • fetchWorkflow
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
  • error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
  • error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
  • error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
  • error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
  • error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
  • stepDirectCallWorkflow - calling step functions directly outside workflow context
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
  • health check endpoint (HTTP) - workflow and step endpoints respond to __health query parameter
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
  • pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
  • Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
  • AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
  • ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
  • customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
  • instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
  • crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
  • stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
🌍 Community Worlds (41 failed)
turso (41 failed):
  • addTenWorkflow
  • addTenWorkflow
  • should work with react rendering in step
  • promiseAllWorkflow
  • promiseRaceWorkflow
  • promiseAnyWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow
  • webhookWorkflow
  • sleepingWorkflow
  • nullByteWorkflow
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
  • fetchWorkflow
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
  • error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
  • error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
  • error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
  • error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
  • error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
  • Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
  • AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
  • ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
  • customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
  • instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
  • crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
  • stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
  • pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
Details by Category
❌ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro4404
✅ example4404
✅ express4404
✅ fastify4404
✅ hono4404
✅ nextjs-turbopack4701
❌ nextjs-webpack4611
✅ nitro4404
✅ nuxt4404
✅ sveltekit4404
✅ vite4404
❌ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4107
❌ express-stable0417
✅ fastify-stable4107
✅ hono-stable4107
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable4503
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable4503
✅ nitro-stable4107
✅ nuxt-stable4107
✅ sveltekit-stable4107
✅ vite-stable4107
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4107
✅ express-stable4107
✅ fastify-stable4107
✅ hono-stable4107
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable4503
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable4503
✅ nitro-stable4107
✅ nuxt-stable4107
✅ sveltekit-stable4107
✅ vite-stable4107
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4107
✅ express-stable4107
✅ fastify-stable4107
✅ hono-stable4107
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable4503
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable4503
✅ nitro-stable4107
✅ nuxt-stable4107
✅ sveltekit-stable4107
✅ vite-stable4107
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack4503
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ mongodb-dev300
✅ mongodb4503
✅ redis-dev300
✅ redis4503
✅ starter-dev300
✅ turso-dev300
❌ turso4413
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable4107
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable4107
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable4107
📋 View full workflow run
❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:
  • Vercel Prod: failure
  • Local Dev: failure
  • Local Prod: success
  • Local Postgres: success
  • Windows: success
Check the workflow run for details.
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📊 Benchmark Results
📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.
workflow with no steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro0.031s (-4.3%)1.005s (~)0.974s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress0.032s (-7.5% 🟢)1.004s (~)0.972s101.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.042s1.005s0.963s101.37x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.045s1.005s0.960s101.44x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.085s1.007s0.922s102.76x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.141s (-65.3% 🟢)1.009s (-1.2%)0.869s104.55x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.477s (+115.5% 🔺)1.009s (~)0.532s1015.44x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express0.769s (-15.8% 🟢)2.450s (+3.2%)1.681s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro0.861s (-4.8%)2.524s (+4.5%)1.662s101.12x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)0.864s (-11.5% 🟢)2.436s (-12.4% 🟢)1.572s101.12x
🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)
workflow with 1 step
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.098s2.005s0.908s101.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)1.100s2.006s0.906s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro1.103s (~)2.005s (~)0.902s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.106s (~)2.005s (~)0.899s101.01x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)1.300s2.008s0.708s101.18x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.355s (-4.2%)3.014s (~)0.658s102.15x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.365s (+4.8%)3.014s (~)0.649s102.15x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.603s (-2.3%)3.828s (+7.1% 🔺)1.224s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.750s (+5.5% 🔺)4.114s (+8.0% 🔺)1.363s101.06x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.780s (+1.8%)4.144s (+1.6%)1.364s101.07x
🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)
workflow with 10 sequential steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)10.689s11.021s0.332s31.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.692s11.021s0.330s31.00x
💻 LocalNitro10.813s (~)11.022s (~)0.209s31.01x
💻 LocalExpress10.834s (~)11.021s (~)0.187s31.01x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)12.230s13.018s0.788s31.14x
🐘 PostgresNitro20.230s (-0.6%)21.055s (~)0.825s21.89x
🐘 PostgresExpress20.399s (+1.5%)21.059s (~)0.659s21.91x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro19.605s (~)20.998s (-0.9%)1.392s21.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)19.738s (+1.2%)21.071s (+3.1%)1.333s21.01x
▲ VercelExpress19.770s (-0.6%)21.286s (~)1.516s21.01x
🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express
workflow with 25 sequential steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)26.886s27.050s0.164s31.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)27.115s28.051s0.936s31.01x
💻 LocalNitro27.425s (-0.7%)28.051s (~)0.625s31.02x
💻 LocalExpress27.512s (~)28.050s (~)0.539s31.02x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)30.506s31.037s0.531s21.13x
🐘 PostgresExpress50.209s (~)51.134s (~)0.925s21.87x
🐘 PostgresNitro50.511s (~)51.122s (~)0.612s21.88x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)48.883s (-3.5%)50.465s (-3.6%)1.583s21.00x
▲ VercelNitro49.279s (+0.8%)50.435s (~)1.156s21.01x
▲ VercelExpress49.688s (+2.3%)51.403s (+2.5%)1.715s21.02x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express
workflow with 50 sequential steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)54.316s55.099s0.783s21.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)56.408s57.101s0.692s21.04x
💻 LocalNitro56.986s (-0.7%)57.097s (-1.7%)0.111s21.05x
💻 LocalExpress57.184s (~)58.100s (+0.9%)0.916s21.05x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)61.153s62.072s0.919s21.13x
🐘 PostgresNitro100.152s (~)100.213s (-1.0%)0.061s11.84x
🐘 PostgresExpress100.375s (~)101.241s (~)0.866s11.85x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)103.197s (+1.9%)104.035s (+1.2%)0.838s11.00x
▲ VercelNitro104.722s (~)106.206s (~)1.484s11.01x
▲ VercelExpress105.039s (~)106.542s (~)1.503s11.02x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express
Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.250s2.006s0.756s151.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.376s2.005s0.629s151.10x
💻 LocalExpress1.398s (-1.1%)2.005s (~)0.606s151.12x
💻 LocalNitro1.409s (+1.1%)2.005s (~)0.597s151.13x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.147s3.008s0.862s101.72x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.221s (-3.6%)3.013s (~)0.792s101.78x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.408s (+3.2%)3.013s (~)0.606s101.93x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.786s (-14.7% 🟢)3.894s (-13.7% 🟢)1.108s81.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.031s (+1.4%)4.096s (-3.1%)1.064s81.09x
▲ VercelNitro3.088s (-19.2% 🟢)4.395s (-23.9% 🟢)1.307s71.11x
🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro
Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.470s3.008s0.538s101.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)2.503s3.007s0.505s101.01x
💻 LocalNitro2.520s (-3.6%)3.006s (~)0.486s101.02x
💻 LocalExpress2.558s (+0.9%)3.008s (~)0.450s101.04x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.761s5.178s0.417s61.93x
🐘 PostgresNitro8.385s (-1.5%)8.780s (~)0.395s43.39x
🐘 PostgresExpress8.742s (-2.0%)9.280s (~)0.538s43.54x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)3.163s (~)4.567s (+2.5%)1.404s71.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.251s (-4.2%)4.518s (+1.3%)1.267s71.03x
▲ VercelExpress3.338s (+5.5% 🔺)4.301s (-1.4%)0.963s71.06x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express
Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)4.036s4.867s0.831s71.00x
💻 LocalNitro7.026s (-5.5% 🟢)7.765s (-3.2%)0.739s41.74x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)7.137s7.413s0.275s51.77x
💻 LocalExpress7.462s (+6.0% 🔺)8.024s (+3.3%)0.562s41.85x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)9.919s10.351s0.432s32.46x
🐘 PostgresExpress46.535s (-4.7%)47.125s (-4.1%)0.590s111.53x
🐘 PostgresNitro49.744s (-1.8%)50.104s (-2.0%)0.360s112.32x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express5.268s (+50.6% 🔺)6.266s (+19.3% 🔺)0.998s61.00x
▲ VercelNitro5.712s (+51.9% 🔺)7.349s (+25.8% 🔺)1.637s51.08x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)7.729s (+99.2% 🔺)9.071s (+69.0% 🔺)1.341s41.47x
🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)
Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.277s2.006s0.729s151.00x
💻 LocalNitro1.421s (-1.2%)2.005s (~)0.584s151.11x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.429s2.005s0.576s151.12x
💻 LocalExpress1.444s (+2.3%)2.005s (~)0.561s151.13x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.046s (-6.8% 🟢)2.681s (~)0.636s121.60x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.059s (+1.7%)2.511s (+8.3% 🔺)0.452s121.61x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.174s3.007s0.834s101.70x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.610s (-13.1% 🟢)3.680s (-19.6% 🟢)1.071s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.640s (-9.1% 🟢)3.770s (-5.0% 🟢)1.130s81.01x
▲ VercelNitro2.659s (-5.5% 🟢)4.225s (+5.2% 🔺)1.565s81.02x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro
Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.513s3.008s0.495s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.565s3.008s0.443s101.02x
💻 LocalNitro2.604s (-4.3%)3.007s (~)0.403s101.04x
💻 LocalExpress2.687s (+0.7%)3.007s (~)0.321s101.07x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.667s5.175s0.509s61.86x
🐘 PostgresExpress11.920s (-6.4% 🟢)12.377s (-7.5% 🟢)0.457s34.74x
🐘 PostgresNitro12.031s (+5.6% 🔺)12.701s (+8.6% 🔺)0.669s34.79x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.904s (-2.5%)3.937s (-5.3% 🟢)1.033s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.911s (+2.6%)3.897s (-3.5%)0.986s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.973s (+1.6%)4.349s (-5.0% 🟢)1.375s71.02x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro
Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)4.095s4.868s0.773s71.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)7.295s7.514s0.219s41.78x
💻 LocalNitro7.487s (-6.4% 🟢)8.019s (-8.6% 🟢)0.533s41.83x
💻 LocalExpress7.907s (+3.8%)8.277s (+3.3%)0.370s41.93x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)10.049s10.348s0.299s32.45x
🐘 PostgresExpress51.210s (-2.3%)52.130s (-1.9%)0.920s112.51x
🐘 PostgresNitro54.770s (+7.7% 🔺)55.119s (+7.8% 🔺)0.349s113.38x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)3.650s (+6.2% 🔺)4.753s (-8.2% 🟢)1.103s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.908s (+1.9%)5.251s (+2.6%)1.343s61.07x
▲ VercelNitro4.233s (+15.7% 🔺)5.440s (+10.9% 🔺)1.207s61.16x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro
Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.138s1.001s0.010s1.015s0.877s101.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.157s1.000s0.001s1.007s0.850s101.14x
💻 LocalNitro0.168s (-4.0%)1.002s (~)0.010s (-12.5% 🟢)1.015s (~)0.847s101.22x
💻 LocalExpress0.174s (-1.5%)1.002s (~)0.010s (+6.3% 🔺)1.015s (~)0.841s101.27x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.515s0.931s0.001s1.009s0.493s103.74x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.295s (-4.4%)2.739s (+3.9%)0.001s (-25.0% 🟢)3.013s (~)0.718s1016.66x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.477s (+14.3% 🔺)2.564s (-10.9% 🟢)0.001s (~)3.014s (~)0.538s1017.97x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.495s (-15.1% 🟢)3.275s (-11.7% 🟢)0.247s (+49.2% 🔺)4.250s (-10.9% 🟢)1.755s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.529s (-4.9%)3.291s (+6.9% 🔺)0.407s (+204.8% 🔺)4.536s (+13.0% 🔺)2.007s101.01x
▲ VercelExpress3.073s (+22.3% 🔺)3.474s (+16.5% 🔺)0.181s (-33.6% 🟢)4.418s (+10.3% 🔺)1.345s101.23x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express
Summary
Fastest Framework by World
Winner determined by most benchmark wins
World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)9/12
🐘 PostgresExpress6/12
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)7/12
Fastest World by Framework
Winner determined by most benchmark wins
Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express💻 Local10/12
Next.js (Turbopack)🌐 Redis7/12
Nitro💻 Local10/12
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark
Worlds:
  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
📋 View full workflow run
@socket-security
socket-securityBot
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Feb 9, 2026

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Review the following changes in direct dependencies. Learn more about Socket for GitHub.
DiffPackageSupply Chain
Security		VulnerabilityQualityMaintenanceLicense
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​azure@​3.0.27741008398100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​togetherai@​2.0.311001008498100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​deepinfra@​2.0.32991008598100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​deepseek@​2.0.181001008598100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​mistral@​3.0.191001008598100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​cohere@​3.0.191001008598100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​cerebras@​2.0.311001008698100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​perplexity@​3.0.181001008898100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​fireworks@​2.0.321001008998100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​groq@​3.0.2210010010098100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​amazon-bedrock@​3.0.7710010010098100
Addednpm/​@​ai-sdk/​google-vertex@​3.0.10010010010098100
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Pull request overview
Adds @workflow/ai/* entrypoints for additional official AI SDK providers using the existing 'use step' wrapper approach so model factory functions can cross workflow step boundaries.
Changes:
  • Added 12 new provider wrapper modules under packages/ai/src/providers/*.
  • Exposed new provider entrypoints via packages/ai/package.jsonexports and added corresponding optional dependencies.
  • Updated lockfile and added a changeset for a patch release of @workflow/ai.
Reviewed changes
Copilot reviewed 14 out of 15 changed files in this pull request and generated 12 comments.
Show a summary per file
FileDescription
pnpm-lock.yamlAdds resolved optional dependencies for the new AI SDK provider packages (and their transitive deps).
packages/ai/package.jsonAdds exports entries for new provider subpath entrypoints and lists new provider SDKs as optional dependencies.
packages/ai/src/providers/amazon-bedrock.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Bedrock provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/azure.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Azure provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/cerebras.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Cerebras provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/cohere.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Cohere provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/deepinfra.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for DeepInfra provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/deepseek.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for DeepSeek provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/fireworks.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Fireworks provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/google-vertex.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Google Vertex provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/groq.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Groq provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/mistral.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Mistral provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/perplexity.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for Perplexity provider factory.
packages/ai/src/providers/togetherai.tsAdds step-compatible wrapper for TogetherAI provider factory.
.changeset/add-ai-sdk-providers.mdDeclares a patch release noting the new provider wrappers.
Files not reviewed (1)
  • pnpm-lock.yaml: Language not supported
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Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/mistral.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/amazon-bedrock.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/azure.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/cohere.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/fireworks.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/togetherai.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/cerebras.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/deepinfra.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/deepseek.ts
Comment threadpackages/ai/src/providers/google-vertex.ts
@pranaygp
pranaygp
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Feb 11, 2026•

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Closing: blocked on AI SDK v6 upgrade
After investigating the type compatibility issues flagged by Copilot's review, I'm closing this PR. The as CompatibleLanguageModel casts required by all 12 new providers aren't a good pattern to ship.
Root cause
All 12 new provider SDKs resolve to a different copy of @ai-sdk/provider than what @workflow/ai uses:
Provider SDKs@ai-sdk/provider version
@workflow/ai (direct dep)2.0.0
amazon-bedrock, google-vertex2.0.1
azure, cerebras, cohere, deepinfra, deepseek, fireworks, groq, mistral, perplexity, togetherai3.0.8
pnpm installs these as separate package instances, and TypeScript treats types from different copies as incompatible — even when structurally identical. This causes TS2742 ("inferred type cannot be named") on every new provider when you try to match the clean pattern used by the existing 5 providers (openai, anthropic, google, xai, gateway), which all happen to resolve to @ai-sdk/provider@2.0.0.
The only workaround is explicit return type annotations + as CompatibleLanguageModel casts, which hides the provider's concrete model type from consumers.
Why the existing providers work
openai, anthropic, google, xai, and gateway SDKs all depend on @ai-sdk/provider@2.0.0 — the same copy that @workflow/ai resolves to. TypeScript can name the types directly, so LanguageModelV2 satisfies CompatibleLanguageModel without any cast.
Path forward
Upgrading to AI SDK v6 exclusively (dropping v5 support) would unify the workspace on @ai-sdk/provider@3.x, eliminating the dual-version problem. However, that upgrade requires:
  1. Migrating consumer code (do-stream-step.ts, durable-agent.ts, stream-text-iterator.ts, tools-to-model-tools.ts) from V2 to V3 types
  2. Handling provider SDKs that don't have v3 releases yet (cerebras, deepinfra, deepseek, fireworks, togetherai)
  3. Handling provider SDKs whose v3 still depends on @ai-sdk/provider@2.0.1 (amazon-bedrock, google-vertex)
Once v6 is landed, adding these provider wrappers becomes trivial — just copy the existing openai/anthropic pattern with no casts needed.
cc @gr2m@lgrammel@TooTallNate — tagging for visibility since this is blocked on @ai-sdk/provider version alignment across provider packages.
@lgrammel
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Feb 11, 2026

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@pranaygp@gr2m all ai sdk 6 providers should use the v3 provider spec. the dependencies happen automatically:
https://github.com/vercel/ai/blob/main/packages/amazon-bedrock/package.json#L54
so I do not understand how you can have providers with older @ai-sdk/provider versions. you probably just need to upgrade them to their latest version?
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@gr2mgr2mAwaiting requested review from gr2m
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