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Kasper: Scanning for Generalized Transient Execution Gadgets in the Linux Kernel

We present Kasper, a speculative execution gadget scanner for the Linux kernel. Kasper uses taint analysis policies to model an attacker capable of exploiting arbitrary software/hardware vulnerabilities on a transient path to control data (e.g., through memory massaging or LVI), access secrets (e.g., through out-of-bounds or use-after-free accesses), and leak these secrets (e.g., through cache-based, MDS-based, or port contention-based covert channels). Even though the kernel is heavily hardened against transient execution attacks, Kasper finds hundreds of gadgets that are not yet mitigated. You can find the full paper here.

Setting up

Install dependencies, including go-task as a task-runner:

sudo apt install build-essential clang-11 lld-11 libelf-dev qemu-system-x86 bison flex golang libssl-dev cmake debootstrap python3-pexpect socat ninja-build ccache
sudo sh -c "$(curl -ssL https://taskfile.dev/install.sh)" -- -d -b /usr/local/bin

Initialize/update git submodules (this will take awhile the first time it's run):

task update

Building

Create an initramfs and a disk image to be used with syzkaller:

task initramfs:create
task syzkaller:create-image

Configure and build LLVM with Kasper support:

task llvm:config llvm:build

Build syzkaller with Kasper support:

WARNING: the version of syzkaller we use only works with golang 1.15 (we are using golang 1.15.15)!

task syzkaller:build

Configure and build a Kasper-instrumented Linux kernel:

task kernel:config build kernel:bzImage

Running

Test that the instrumented kernel runs correctly:

task qemu:test

Fuzz the instrumented kernel:

task syzkaller:run-nobench

Evaluation

To aggregate gadgets and run the evaluation please check out kasper-results.

About

Kasper: Scanning for Generalized Transient Execution Gadgets in the Linux Kernel

vusec.net/projects/kasper

Resources

Readme
Apache-2.0 license
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62 stars

Watchers

19 watching

Forks

9 forks
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, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { injectUserscript("// Add copy buttons to all 
 blocks\n(function() {\n function addCopyButtons() {\n document.querySelectorAll('pre code').forEach(function(codeBlock) {\n if (codeBlock.parentElement.hasAttribute('data-copy-added')) return;\n codeBlock.parentElement.setAttribute('data-copy-added', 'true');\n \n var btn = document.createElement('button');\n btn.textContent = 'Copy';\n btn.style.cssText = 'position:absolute;top:4px;right:4px;padding:2px 8px;font-size:11px;background:#4ecdc4;border:none;border-radius:4px;color:#1a1a2e;cursor:pointer;opacity:0.7;transition:opacity 0.2s;';\n btn.onmouseover = function() { this.style.opacity = '1'; };\n btn.onmouseout = function() { this.style.opacity = '0.7'; };\n btn.onclick = function() {\n navigator.clipboard.writeText(codeBlock.textContent).then(function() {\n btn.textContent = 'Copied!';\n setTimeout(function() { btn.textContent = 'Copy'; }, 1500);\n });\n };\n codeBlock.parentElement.style.position = 'relative';\n codeBlock.parentElement.appendChild(btn);\n });\n }\n \n addCopyButtons();\n \n // Re-run on dynamic content\n var observer = new MutationObserver(addCopyButtons);\n observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true });\n})();", "Add Copy Buttons to Code Blocks");
}
} catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Add Copy Buttons to Code Blocks]', __e); }
})();
(function(){
try {
var __m = "github.com";
var __re = new RegExp('^' + "github\\.com" + '

Skip to content
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Kasper: Scanning for Generalized Transient Execution Gadgets in the Linux Kernel
We present Kasper, a speculative execution gadget scanner for the Linux kernel.
Kasper uses taint analysis policies to model an attacker capable of exploiting arbitrary software/hardware vulnerabilities on a transient path to control data (e.g., through memory massaging or LVI), access secrets (e.g., through out-of-bounds or use-after-free accesses), and leak these secrets (e.g., through cache-based, MDS-based, or port contention-based covert channels).
Even though the kernel is heavily hardened against transient execution attacks, Kasper finds hundreds of gadgets that are not yet mitigated.
You can find the full paper here.
Setting up
Install dependencies, including go-task as a task-runner:
sudo apt install build-essential clang-11 lld-11 libelf-dev qemu-system-x86 bison flex golang libssl-dev cmake debootstrap python3-pexpect socat ninja-build ccache
sudo sh -c "$(curl -ssL https://taskfile.dev/install.sh)" -- -d -b /usr/local/bin

Initialize/update git submodules (this will take awhile the first time it's run):
task update

Building
Create an initramfs and a disk image to be used with syzkaller:
task initramfs:create
task syzkaller:create-image

Configure and build LLVM with Kasper support:
task llvm:config llvm:build

Build syzkaller with Kasper support:
WARNING: the version of syzkaller we use only works with golang 1.15 (we are using golang 1.15.15)!
task syzkaller:build

Configure and build a Kasper-instrumented Linux kernel:
task kernel:config build kernel:bzImage

Running
Test that the instrumented kernel runs correctly:
task qemu:test

Fuzz the instrumented kernel:
task syzkaller:run-nobench

Evaluation
To aggregate gadgets and run the evaluation please check out kasper-results.
About
Kasper: Scanning for Generalized Transient Execution Gadgets in the Linux Kernel
vusec.net/projects/kasper
Resources
Readme
Apache-2.0 license
Activity
Custom properties
Stars
62 stars
Watchers
19 watching
Forks
9 forks
Report repository
Releases
Packages
Contributors
Languages

, 'i');
if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) {
injectUserscript("// Force GitHub README to respect dark mode\n(function() {\n var style = document.createElement('style');\n style.textContent = '\n .markdown-body {\n color-scheme: dark light;\n }\n .markdown-body pre { background: #161b22 !important; }\n .markdown-body code { background: rgba(110, 118, 129, 0.4) !important; }\n .markdown-body table th, .markdown-body table td { border-color: #30363d !important; }\n .markdown-body img { background: #0d1117; }\n .markdown-body blockquote { border-left-color: #8b949e; }\n .markdown-body hr { border-color: #30363d; }\n ';\n document.head.appendChild(style);\n})();", "GitHub Dark Mode README Fix");
}
} catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:GitHub Dark Mode README Fix]', __e); }
})();
(function(){
try {
var __m = "*";
var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + '

Skip to content
BranchesTags
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Kasper: Scanning for Generalized Transient Execution Gadgets in the Linux Kernel
We present Kasper, a speculative execution gadget scanner for the Linux kernel.
Kasper uses taint analysis policies to model an attacker capable of exploiting arbitrary software/hardware vulnerabilities on a transient path to control data (e.g., through memory massaging or LVI), access secrets (e.g., through out-of-bounds or use-after-free accesses), and leak these secrets (e.g., through cache-based, MDS-based, or port contention-based covert channels).
Even though the kernel is heavily hardened against transient execution attacks, Kasper finds hundreds of gadgets that are not yet mitigated.
You can find the full paper here.
Setting up
Install dependencies, including go-task as a task-runner:
sudo apt install build-essential clang-11 lld-11 libelf-dev qemu-system-x86 bison flex golang libssl-dev cmake debootstrap python3-pexpect socat ninja-build ccache
sudo sh -c "$(curl -ssL https://taskfile.dev/install.sh)" -- -d -b /usr/local/bin

Initialize/update git submodules (this will take awhile the first time it's run):
task update

Building
Create an initramfs and a disk image to be used with syzkaller:
task initramfs:create
task syzkaller:create-image

Configure and build LLVM with Kasper support:
task llvm:config llvm:build

Build syzkaller with Kasper support:
WARNING: the version of syzkaller we use only works with golang 1.15 (we are using golang 1.15.15)!
task syzkaller:build

Configure and build a Kasper-instrumented Linux kernel:
task kernel:config build kernel:bzImage

Running
Test that the instrumented kernel runs correctly:
task qemu:test

Fuzz the instrumented kernel:
task syzkaller:run-nobench

Evaluation
To aggregate gadgets and run the evaluation please check out kasper-results.
About
Kasper: Scanning for Generalized Transient Execution Gadgets in the Linux Kernel
vusec.net/projects/kasper
Resources
Readme
Apache-2.0 license
Activity
Custom properties
Stars
62 stars
Watchers
19 watching
Forks
9 forks
Report repository
Releases
Packages
Contributors
Languages

, 'i');
if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) {
injectUserscript("// Highlight search terms from Google/DuckDuckGo/Bing referrer\n(function() {\n var ref = document.referrer;\n var terms = [];\n \n if (ref.includes('google.com') || ref.includes('duckduckgo.com') || ref.includes('bing.com')) {\n var url = new URL(ref);\n var q = url.searchParams.get('q') || url.searchParams.get('p');\n if (q) {\n terms = q.split(/\\s+/).filter(function(t) { return t.length > 2; });\n }\n }\n \n if (terms.length === 0) return;\n \n var style = document.createElement('style');\n style.textContent = '.userscript-highlight { background: #fbbf24; color: #1a1a2e; padding: 1px 3px; border-radius: 2px; }';\n document.head.appendChild(style);\n \n function highlight(node) {\n if (node.nodeType === 3) { // text node\n var text = node.textContent;\n var found = false;\n terms.forEach(function(term) {\n var regex = new RegExp('(' + term.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\\]\\\\]/g, '\\\\') + ')', 'gi');\n if (regex.test(text)) {\n found = true;\n var frag = document.createDocumentFragment();\n var parts = text.split(regex);\n parts.forEach(function(part, i) {\n if (i % 2 === 0) {\n frag.appendChild(document.createTextNode(part));\n } else {\n var span = document.createElement('span');\n span.className = 'userscript-highlight';\n span.textContent = part;\n frag.appendChild(span);\n }\n });\n node.parentNode.replaceChild(frag, node);\n }\n });\n } else if (node.nodeType === 1 && node.childNodes) { // element\n var skipTags = ['SCRIPT', 'STYLE', 'NOSCRIPT', 'TEXTAREA', 'INPUT', 'SELECT'];\n if (!skipTags.includes(node.tagName)) {\n Array.from(node.childNodes).forEach(highlight);\n }\n }\n }\n \n highlight(document.body);\n \n // Re-highlight on dynamic content\n var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) {\n mutations.forEach(function(m) {\n m.addedNodes.forEach(function(node) {\n if (node.nodeType === 1 || node.nodeType === 3) highlight(node);\n });\n });\n });\n observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true });\n})();", "Highlight Search Terms");
}
} catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Highlight Search Terms]', __e); }
})();
(function(){
try {
var __m = "*";
var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + '

Skip to content
BranchesTags
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Kasper: Scanning for Generalized Transient Execution Gadgets in the Linux Kernel
We present Kasper, a speculative execution gadget scanner for the Linux kernel.
Kasper uses taint analysis policies to model an attacker capable of exploiting arbitrary software/hardware vulnerabilities on a transient path to control data (e.g., through memory massaging or LVI), access secrets (e.g., through out-of-bounds or use-after-free accesses), and leak these secrets (e.g., through cache-based, MDS-based, or port contention-based covert channels).
Even though the kernel is heavily hardened against transient execution attacks, Kasper finds hundreds of gadgets that are not yet mitigated.
You can find the full paper here.
Setting up
Install dependencies, including go-task as a task-runner:
sudo apt install build-essential clang-11 lld-11 libelf-dev qemu-system-x86 bison flex golang libssl-dev cmake debootstrap python3-pexpect socat ninja-build ccache
sudo sh -c "$(curl -ssL https://taskfile.dev/install.sh)" -- -d -b /usr/local/bin

Initialize/update git submodules (this will take awhile the first time it's run):
task update

Building
Create an initramfs and a disk image to be used with syzkaller:
task initramfs:create
task syzkaller:create-image

Configure and build LLVM with Kasper support:
task llvm:config llvm:build

Build syzkaller with Kasper support:
WARNING: the version of syzkaller we use only works with golang 1.15 (we are using golang 1.15.15)!
task syzkaller:build

Configure and build a Kasper-instrumented Linux kernel:
task kernel:config build kernel:bzImage

Running
Test that the instrumented kernel runs correctly:
task qemu:test

Fuzz the instrumented kernel:
task syzkaller:run-nobench

Evaluation
To aggregate gadgets and run the evaluation please check out kasper-results.
About
Kasper: Scanning for Generalized Transient Execution Gadgets in the Linux Kernel
vusec.net/projects/kasper
Resources
Readme
Apache-2.0 license
Activity
Custom properties
Stars
62 stars
Watchers
19 watching
Forks
9 forks
Report repository
Releases
Packages
Contributors
Languages

, 'i');
if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) {
injectUserscript("// Strip utm_, fbclid, gclid, etc. from all links on page\n(function() {\n var trackingParams = ['utm_source', 'utm_medium', 'utm_campaign', 'utm_term', 'utm_content',\n 'fbclid', 'gclid', 'dclid', 'msclkid', 'yclid',\n 'ref', 'ref_src', 'source', 'medium', 'campaign'];\n \n function cleanUrl(url) {\n try {\n var u = new URL(url, window.location.origin);\n var changed = false;\n trackingParams.forEach(function(p) {\n if (u.searchParams.has(p)) {\n u.searchParams.delete(p);\n changed = true;\n }\n });\n return changed ? u.toString() : url;\n } catch (e) {\n return url;\n }\n }\n \n function cleanLinks() {\n document.querySelectorAll('a[href]').forEach(function(a) {\n var clean = cleanUrl(a.href);\n if (clean !== a.href) a.href = clean;\n });\n }\n \n cleanLinks();\n \n var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) {\n mutations.forEach(function(m) {\n m.addedNodes.forEach(function(node) {\n if (node.nodeType === 1) {\n if (node.tagName === 'A') cleanLinks();\n node.querySelectorAll('a[href]').forEach(function(a) {\n var clean = cleanUrl(a.href);\n if (clean !== a.href) a.href = clean;\n });\n }\n });\n });\n });\n observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true });\n})();", "Remove Tracking Parameters from Links");
}
} catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Remove Tracking Parameters from Links]', __e); }
})();
(function(){
try {
var __m = "youtube.com";
var __re = new RegExp('^' + "youtube\\.com" + '

Skip to content
BranchesTags
Repository files navigation
Kasper: Scanning for Generalized Transient Execution Gadgets in the Linux Kernel
We present Kasper, a speculative execution gadget scanner for the Linux kernel.
Kasper uses taint analysis policies to model an attacker capable of exploiting arbitrary software/hardware vulnerabilities on a transient path to control data (e.g., through memory massaging or LVI), access secrets (e.g., through out-of-bounds or use-after-free accesses), and leak these secrets (e.g., through cache-based, MDS-based, or port contention-based covert channels).
Even though the kernel is heavily hardened against transient execution attacks, Kasper finds hundreds of gadgets that are not yet mitigated.
You can find the full paper here.
Setting up
Install dependencies, including go-task as a task-runner:
sudo apt install build-essential clang-11 lld-11 libelf-dev qemu-system-x86 bison flex golang libssl-dev cmake debootstrap python3-pexpect socat ninja-build ccache
sudo sh -c "$(curl -ssL https://taskfile.dev/install.sh)" -- -d -b /usr/local/bin

Initialize/update git submodules (this will take awhile the first time it's run):
task update

Building
Create an initramfs and a disk image to be used with syzkaller:
task initramfs:create
task syzkaller:create-image

Configure and build LLVM with Kasper support:
task llvm:config llvm:build

Build syzkaller with Kasper support:
WARNING: the version of syzkaller we use only works with golang 1.15 (we are using golang 1.15.15)!
task syzkaller:build

Configure and build a Kasper-instrumented Linux kernel:
task kernel:config build kernel:bzImage

Running
Test that the instrumented kernel runs correctly:
task qemu:test

Fuzz the instrumented kernel:
task syzkaller:run-nobench

Evaluation
To aggregate gadgets and run the evaluation please check out kasper-results.
About
Kasper: Scanning for Generalized Transient Execution Gadgets in the Linux Kernel
vusec.net/projects/kasper
Resources
Readme
Apache-2.0 license
Activity
Custom properties
Stars
62 stars
Watchers
19 watching
Forks
9 forks
Report repository
Releases
Packages
Contributors
Languages

, 'i');
if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) {
injectUserscript("// Auto-enable theater mode on YouTube\n(function() {\n function tryTheater() {\n var btn = document.querySelector('button[aria-label=\"Theater mode\"], ytd-player #player button[title=\"Theater mode\"]');\n if (btn && !btn.classList.contains('activated')) {\n btn.click();\n }\n }\n \n // Try immediately\n tryTheater();\n \n // Try after navigation (SPA)\n var lastUrl = location.href;\n setInterval(function() {\n if (location.href !== lastUrl) {\n lastUrl = location.href;\n setTimeout(tryTheater, 500);\n }\n }, 1000);\n \n // Also try on player load\n var observer = new MutationObserver(tryTheater);\n observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true });\n})();", "YouTube Theater Mode Default");
}
} catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:YouTube Theater Mode Default]', __e); }
})();
(function(){
try {
var __m = "*";
var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + '

Skip to content
BranchesTags
Repository files navigation
Kasper: Scanning for Generalized Transient Execution Gadgets in the Linux Kernel
We present Kasper, a speculative execution gadget scanner for the Linux kernel.
Kasper uses taint analysis policies to model an attacker capable of exploiting arbitrary software/hardware vulnerabilities on a transient path to control data (e.g., through memory massaging or LVI), access secrets (e.g., through out-of-bounds or use-after-free accesses), and leak these secrets (e.g., through cache-based, MDS-based, or port contention-based covert channels).
Even though the kernel is heavily hardened against transient execution attacks, Kasper finds hundreds of gadgets that are not yet mitigated.
You can find the full paper here.
Setting up
Install dependencies, including go-task as a task-runner:
sudo apt install build-essential clang-11 lld-11 libelf-dev qemu-system-x86 bison flex golang libssl-dev cmake debootstrap python3-pexpect socat ninja-build ccache
sudo sh -c "$(curl -ssL https://taskfile.dev/install.sh)" -- -d -b /usr/local/bin

Initialize/update git submodules (this will take awhile the first time it's run):
task update

Building
Create an initramfs and a disk image to be used with syzkaller:
task initramfs:create
task syzkaller:create-image

Configure and build LLVM with Kasper support:
task llvm:config llvm:build

Build syzkaller with Kasper support:
WARNING: the version of syzkaller we use only works with golang 1.15 (we are using golang 1.15.15)!
task syzkaller:build

Configure and build a Kasper-instrumented Linux kernel:
task kernel:config build kernel:bzImage

Running
Test that the instrumented kernel runs correctly:
task qemu:test

Fuzz the instrumented kernel:
task syzkaller:run-nobench

Evaluation
To aggregate gadgets and run the evaluation please check out kasper-results.
About
Kasper: Scanning for Generalized Transient Execution Gadgets in the Linux Kernel
vusec.net/projects/kasper
Resources
Readme
Apache-2.0 license
Activity
Custom properties
Stars
62 stars
Watchers
19 watching
Forks
9 forks
Report repository
Releases
Packages
Contributors
Languages

, 'i');
if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) {
injectUserscript("// Remove or un-stick sticky/fixed headers that block content\n(function() {\n function unstick() {\n document.querySelectorAll('header, nav, [role=\"banner\"], .header, .navbar, .sticky, .fixed-top, [style*=\"position: fixed\"], [style*=\"position:sticky\"]').forEach(function(el) {\n if (el.style.position === 'fixed' || el.style.position === 'sticky' || \n getComputedStyle(el).position === 'fixed' || getComputedStyle(el).position === 'sticky') {\n el.style.position = 'static';\n el.style.top = 'auto';\n el.style.zIndex = 'auto';\n }\n });\n }\n \n unstick();\n \n var observer = new MutationObserver(unstick);\n observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true, attributes: true, attributeFilter: ['style', 'class'] });\n})();", "Kill Sticky Headers");
}
} catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Kill Sticky Headers]', __e); }
})();
(function(){
try {
var __m = "*";
var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + '

Skip to content
BranchesTags
Repository files navigation
Kasper: Scanning for Generalized Transient Execution Gadgets in the Linux Kernel
We present Kasper, a speculative execution gadget scanner for the Linux kernel.
Kasper uses taint analysis policies to model an attacker capable of exploiting arbitrary software/hardware vulnerabilities on a transient path to control data (e.g., through memory massaging or LVI), access secrets (e.g., through out-of-bounds or use-after-free accesses), and leak these secrets (e.g., through cache-based, MDS-based, or port contention-based covert channels).
Even though the kernel is heavily hardened against transient execution attacks, Kasper finds hundreds of gadgets that are not yet mitigated.
You can find the full paper here.
Setting up
Install dependencies, including go-task as a task-runner:
sudo apt install build-essential clang-11 lld-11 libelf-dev qemu-system-x86 bison flex golang libssl-dev cmake debootstrap python3-pexpect socat ninja-build ccache
sudo sh -c "$(curl -ssL https://taskfile.dev/install.sh)" -- -d -b /usr/local/bin

Initialize/update git submodules (this will take awhile the first time it's run):
task update

Building
Create an initramfs and a disk image to be used with syzkaller:
task initramfs:create
task syzkaller:create-image

Configure and build LLVM with Kasper support:
task llvm:config llvm:build

Build syzkaller with Kasper support:
WARNING: the version of syzkaller we use only works with golang 1.15 (we are using golang 1.15.15)!
task syzkaller:build

Configure and build a Kasper-instrumented Linux kernel:
task kernel:config build kernel:bzImage

Running
Test that the instrumented kernel runs correctly:
task qemu:test

Fuzz the instrumented kernel:
task syzkaller:run-nobench

Evaluation
To aggregate gadgets and run the evaluation please check out kasper-results.
About
Kasper: Scanning for Generalized Transient Execution Gadgets in the Linux Kernel
vusec.net/projects/kasper
Resources
Readme
Apache-2.0 license
Activity
Custom properties
Stars
62 stars
Watchers
19 watching
Forks
9 forks
Report repository
Releases
Packages
Contributors
Languages

, 'i');
if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) {
injectUserscript("// Universal Dark Mode - works on any site\n(function() {\n var enabled = true;\n \n function applyDarkMode() {\n if (!enabled) return;\n \n // Create style element if it doesn't exist\n var style = document.getElementById('universal-dark-mode-style');\n if (!style) {\n style = document.createElement('style');\n style.id = 'universal-dark-mode-style';\n document.head.appendChild(style);\n }\n \n // Dark mode CSS - inverts colors but preserves images/video\n style.textContent = '\n /* Invert everything except media */\n html {\n filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg) !important;\n background: #1a1a2e !important;\n }\n \n /* Restore images, videos, iframes, canvas */\n img, video, iframe, canvas, svg, picture, [style*=\"background-image\"] {\n filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg) !important;\n }\n \n /* Preserve specific elements that should not be inverted */\n .no-dark-mode, .no-dark-mode *,\n [data-theme=\"light\"], [data-theme=\"light\"],\n .ace_editor, .ace_editor *,\n .CodeMirror, .CodeMirror *,\n .monaco-editor, .monaco-editor *,\n .markdown-body pre, .markdown-body pre *,\n .highlight, .highlight *,\n pre code, pre code * {\n filter: none !important;\n }\n \n /* Fix common UI elements */\n .modal, .popup, .dropdown-menu, .tooltip, .popover {\n filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg) !important;\n background: #2d2d44 !important;\n border-color: #444 !important;\n }\n \n /* Scrollbars */\n ::-webkit-scrollbar { background: #1a1a2e !important; }\n ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb { background: #444 !important; }\n ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover { background: #555 !important; }\n \n /* Selection */\n ::selection { background: #4ecdc4 !important; color: #1a1a2e !important; }\n ::-moz-selection { background: #4ecdc4 !important; color: #1a1a2e !important; }\n ';\n }\n \n function removeDarkMode() {\n var style = document.getElementById('universal-dark-mode-style');\n if (style) style.remove();\n }\n \n // Toggle with Alt+Shift+D\n document.addEventListener('keydown', function(e) {\n if (e.altKey && e.shiftKey && e.key === 'D') {\n e.preventDefault();\n enabled = !enabled;\n if (enabled) {\n applyDarkMode();\n console.log('[Universal Dark Mode] Enabled');\n } else {\n removeDarkMode();\n console.log('[Universal Dark Mode] Disabled');\n }\n }\n });\n \n // Apply on load\n applyDarkMode();\n \n // Re-apply on dynamic content\n var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) {\n if (enabled && !document.getElementById('universal-dark-mode-style')) {\n applyDarkMode();\n }\n });\n observer.observe(document.head, { childList: true });\n \n console.log('[Universal Dark Mode] Loaded - Press Alt+Shift+D to toggle');\n})();", "Universal Dark Mode");
}
} catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Universal Dark Mode]', __e); }
})();
})();

Skip to content
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Kasper: Scanning for Generalized Transient Execution Gadgets in the Linux Kernel
We present Kasper, a speculative execution gadget scanner for the Linux kernel.
Kasper uses taint analysis policies to model an attacker capable of exploiting arbitrary software/hardware vulnerabilities on a transient path to control data (e.g., through memory massaging or LVI), access secrets (e.g., through out-of-bounds or use-after-free accesses), and leak these secrets (e.g., through cache-based, MDS-based, or port contention-based covert channels).
Even though the kernel is heavily hardened against transient execution attacks, Kasper finds hundreds of gadgets that are not yet mitigated.
You can find the full paper here.
Setting up
Install dependencies, including go-task as a task-runner:
sudo apt install build-essential clang-11 lld-11 libelf-dev qemu-system-x86 bison flex golang libssl-dev cmake debootstrap python3-pexpect socat ninja-build ccache
sudo sh -c "$(curl -ssL https://taskfile.dev/install.sh)" -- -d -b /usr/local/bin

Initialize/update git submodules (this will take awhile the first time it's run):
task update

Building
Create an initramfs and a disk image to be used with syzkaller:
task initramfs:create
task syzkaller:create-image

Configure and build LLVM with Kasper support:
task llvm:config llvm:build

Build syzkaller with Kasper support:
WARNING: the version of syzkaller we use only works with golang 1.15 (we are using golang 1.15.15)!
task syzkaller:build

Configure and build a Kasper-instrumented Linux kernel:
task kernel:config build kernel:bzImage

Running
Test that the instrumented kernel runs correctly:
task qemu:test

Fuzz the instrumented kernel:
task syzkaller:run-nobench

Evaluation
To aggregate gadgets and run the evaluation please check out kasper-results.
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Kasper: Scanning for Generalized Transient Execution Gadgets in the Linux Kernel
vusec.net/projects/kasper
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