cygwin support

[corngood]

I had a look at making zig target cygwin, and got most of the way there: cygwin target definition, stdlib changes, etc. but I got stuck on the linker.

The lld COFF linker doesn't support linker scripts, but the cygwin linker script is needed to set up __data_start__ etc.

Any thoughts on where to go from here? Is it a waste of time?

[andrewrk]

I think you might have better luck in the llvm6 branch, but there are some zig additions needed. LLD added a MinGW driver API which is probably what we should use for cygwin.

[andrewrk]

LLVM 6 rc2 just came out today. It's scheduled to be released at the end of February. Zig will release 0.2.0 1 week after that, at which point master branch will depend on LLD 6 and we can focus on cygwin support.

[corngood]

Interesting. I was looking for COFF diffs in llvm6 today, but I didn't notice the MinGW driver.

It looks like in it's current state it's just doing some simple argument translation, so I'm doubtful it'll help too much since zig already deals with msvc-style linker args.

I'll take a look at the llvm6 branch.

[andrewrk]

we could also ask a question on the llvm mailing list. The LLD maintainers are pretty responsive when it comes to COFF. I believe there should be a lot of interest in getting this working since it benefits the entire LLVM community and not just zig.

[andrewrk]

maybe we are supposed to use the ELF linker interface from LLD for cygwin? and the target triple would be x86_64-windows-gnu ?

[corngood]

I think windows-gnu is mingw, and I'm pretty sure lld/ELF is only for elf format objects, but I could be wrong.

https://llvm.org/doxygen/Triple_8h_source.html#l00542

I'll do a bit more digging.

[andrewrk]

Ah right, of course, the cygnus environment. So we can use that to detect that we should link for cygwin. (I'm guessing you are already doing that in your branch.)

I sent an email to the mailing list: http://lists.llvm.org/pipermail/llvm-dev/2018-February/121066.html

[andrewrk]

If you have some specific need, please explain. We may be able to help.

It looks like the LLD team is willing to work with us to support cygwin.

[corngood]

But I don't think that you actually need all the features of the linker script.

I was thinking that this probably is the case, I just need to figure out what's needed. __begin_data__ etc are probably pretty simple to implement. I wasn't sure about interpreting the linker script vs. just implementing this stuff directly in the linker, but it sounds like the latter would be the way to go.

In my branch I added OsCygwin / Os.cygwin, selected for -windows-cygnus. I did that so I wouldn't have to deal with is_windows / OsWindows, since the fallbacks are usually posix friendly. I consider that a hack though, and I think it would be better to use the llvm triple values as-is. We could add some helpers, and then most of the current is_windows stuff would be covered by something like:

 /// Is this a "Windows" OS targeting a "MSVCRT.dll" environment.
 bool isOSMSVCRT() const {
 return isWindowsMSVCEnvironment() || isWindowsGNUEnvironment() ||
 isWindowsItaniumEnvironment();
 }

But even that's not entirely accurate, because we can target:

• win32
• msvcrt -> win32
• libcygwin -> win32

So it would be odd to call the first one MSVC when it doesn't have anything to do with MSVC.

Another source of inspiration is how nixpkgs handles them:
https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/lib/systems/parse.nix

[andrewrk]

Thanks, this all makes sense.

Can you show me the linker script that you would want to use, and maybe I can look at it and suggest how we can achieve it in a different way?

[corngood]

Sure, what I have now:

lld: warning: ./zig-cache/hello.o: undefined symbol: __stack_chk_guard
lld: warning: ./zig-cache/hello.o: undefined symbol: __stack_chk_fail
lld: warning: ./zig-cache/hello.o: undefined symbol: __error
lld: warning: libcygwin.a(_cygwin_crt0_common.o): undefined symbol: __data_start__
lld: warning: libcygwin.a(_cygwin_crt0_common.o): undefined symbol: __data_end__
lld: warning: libcygwin.a(_cygwin_crt0_common.o): undefined symbol: __bss_start__
lld: warning: libcygwin.a(_cygwin_crt0_common.o): undefined symbol: __bss_end__
lld: warning: libcygwin.a(_cygwin_crt0_common.o): undefined symbol: __RUNTIME_PSEUDO_RELOC_LIST__
lld: warning: libcygwin.a(_cygwin_crt0_common.o): undefined symbol: __RUNTIME_PSEUDO_RELOC_LIST_END__
lld: warning: libcygwin.a(_cygwin_crt0_common.o): undefined symbol: __image_base__

The hello.o ones are probably just a missing library. The libcywin ones seem to be from the linker script. It's built into ld, so I dumped it with -verbose:

GNU ld (GNU Binutils) 2.29.1.20171006
 Supported emulations:
 i386pep
 i386pe
using internal linker script:
==================================================
/* Default linker script, for normal executables */
/* Copyright (C) 2014-2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 Copying and distribution of this script, with or without modification,
 are permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright
 notice and this notice are preserved. */
OUTPUT_FORMAT(pei-x86-64)
SEARCH_DIR("/usr/x86_64-pc-cygwin/lib"); SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib"); SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib/w32api");
SECTIONS
{
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 . = ALIGN(__section_alignment__);
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 ___CTOR_LIST__ = .; __CTOR_LIST__ = . ;
			LONG (-1); LONG (-1);
			KEEP (*(.ctors));
			KEEP (*(.ctor));
			KEEP (*(SORT(.ctors.*)));
			LONG (0); LONG (0);
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			LONG (-1); LONG (-1);
			KEEP (*(.dtors));
			KEEP (*(.dtor));
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[andrewrk]

As you mentioned, the hello.o errors can be fixed by implementing the named functions in std/special/builtin.zig.

I'll send an email to LLVM developers for the others.

[corngood]

Thanks. There are a few examples of synthetic symbols in the COFF linker, so I'll see if I can get something working myself.