ARROW-12444: [Rust] Remove rust

[jorgecarleitao]

Removes rust from this repository and uses git clone to fetch the arrow-rs repo for integration tests.

Each commit is an independent change.

Note: Rust implementations have moved to:

• https://github.com/apache/arrow-rs
• https://github.com/apache/arrow-datafusion

[github-actions]

https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-12444

[alamb]

The basic idea looks good to me @jorgecarleitao. Thank you.

The only thing I think may be worth a second set of eyes is the archery integration stuff (but perhaps that is because I don't have a great handle on the integration test plan)

[alamb]

I am not sure this one should be removed @jorgecarleitao -- it might be how rust is run in the integration test framework.

[jorgecarleitao]

AFAIK this was only used to call Cargo fmt from Python; the build of the integration binaries is done by rust_build.sh; Python calls those binaries without Cargo.

I also checking the logs, we can find prints such as

##########################################################
IPC: C++ producing, Rust consuming
##########################################################

indicating that Rust is being tested.

[nevi-me]

LGTM

[alamb]

Ok, I think it is time to merge this PR @jorgecarleitao

[jorgecarleitao]

I think that we agreed over the mailing list to not merge this until @kszucs gives green light, post release.

I suggest that we take the time to complete the release, confirm that we are in a new development cycle, and then merge this. The rational being that I would like to reduce the risk of pushing merge conflicts to the release manager.

[kszucs]

Yes, please hold off until we merge #10165.

[jorgecarleitao]

Rebased :)

[kszucs]

@jorgecarleitao@andygrove@alamb I think we can start to roll-up the rust pull requests now. There are a couple of open ones remaining, I assume we should close those and merge this one.

[kszucs]

Rust releated part should be removed from ci/docker/linux-apt-lint.dockerfile.

There is a reference for the rust implementation in matlab/doc/matlab_interface_for_apache_arrow_design.md which
should be updated.

I assume the rust post release script should be removed as well ci/release/post-07-rust.sh since the new releases will be cut from arrow-rs.

There is a debian-rust configuration in the docker compose as well as in the crossbow tasks, but I guess we can keep that around to exercise the rust build script for the integration tests on a nightly basis.

[jorgecarleitao]

Thanks @kszucs . I have applied all those changes.

[alamb]

Thanks @jorgecarleitao

[kszucs]

Thanks everyone! I'm merging it, hopefully we didn't forget anything!

[alamb]

Thank you @kszucs