Reapply "Fix CQ recovery gap and stale callback contamination (#17734)" (#17827)

[Caideyipi]

Description

This reverts commit a420681.

---

This PR has:

• been self-reviewed.
  • concurrent read
  • concurrent write
  • concurrent read and write
• added documentation for new or modified features or behaviors.
• added Javadocs for most classes and all non-trivial methods.
• added or updated version, license, or notice information
• added comments explaining the "why" and the intent of the code wherever would not be obvious
  for an unfamiliar reader.
• added unit tests or modified existing tests to cover new code paths, ensuring the threshold
  for code coverage.
• added integration tests.
• been tested in a test IoTDB cluster.

---

Key changed/added classes (or packages if there are too many classes) in this PR

[sonarqubecloud]

Quality Gate passed

Issues
7 New issues
0 Accepted issues

Measures
0 Security Hotspots
0.0% Coverage on New Code
3.1% Duplication on New Code

See analysis details on SonarQube Cloud

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 66.85393% with 59 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 40.91%. Comparing base (a420681) to head (58ac679).
⚠️ Report is 2 commits behind head on master.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
.../apache/iotdb/confignode/manager/cq/CQManager.java	65.38%	18 Missing ⚠️
...he/iotdb/confignode/manager/cq/CQScheduleTask.java	48.27%	15 Missing ⚠️
...onfignode/procedure/impl/cq/CreateCQProcedure.java	60.00%	14 Missing ⚠️
...apache/iotdb/confignode/persistence/cq/CQInfo.java	76.92%	6 Missing ⚠️
...gnode/consensus/request/write/cq/ActiveCQPlan.java	71.42%	2 Missing ⚠️
...nfignode/consensus/request/write/cq/AddCQPlan.java	85.71%	1 Missing ⚠️
...fignode/consensus/request/write/cq/DropCQPlan.java	85.71%	1 Missing ⚠️
...sus/request/write/cq/UpdateCQLastExecTimePlan.java	88.88%	1 Missing ⚠️
...gnode/persistence/executor/ConfigPlanExecutor.java	0.00%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@ Coverage Diff @@## master #17828 +/- ##
============================================
+ Coverage 40.87% 40.91% +0.04% + Complexity 2611 2610 -1 
============================================
Files 5186 5186 Lines 351308 351420 +112 Branches 44971 44991 +20 ============================================
+ Hits 143585 143781 +196 + Misses 207723 207639 -84 

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