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docs: add documentation for deploymentId: "latest" in start() - #1409

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docs: add documentation for deploymentId: "latest" in start()#1409
TooTallNate merged 2 commits into
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Summary

  • Add documentation for the deploymentId: "latest" option in start(), which was added in feat: support deploymentId: 'latest' in start() to resolve most recent deployment #1317 but not documented
  • Remove the @deprecated tag from StartOptions.deploymentId in @workflow/core since it doesn't render correctly in the TSDoc component and the option is actively supported
  • Add a compatibility warning callout explaining that workflow identity (function name + file path) and argument schemas must remain stable across deployments
  • Add a cross-reference callout in the "Background Execution via Step" section of Common Patterns

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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 7ce28c4

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages
NameType
@workflow/corePatch
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/vitestPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
workflowPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch
@workflow/aiPatch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.034s (-9.8% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.971s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro0.040s (-9.6% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.966s101.17x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.049s1.005s0.957s101.43x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.053s1.006s0.952s101.57x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.060s1.011s0.951s101.76x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.063s (+4.1%)1.016s (~)0.952s101.86x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.112s1.008s0.896s103.29x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.496s (-21.4% 🟢)2.924s (+8.9% 🔺)2.428s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress0.525s (+3.9%)2.551s (+7.7% 🔺)2.026s101.06x
▲ VercelNitro0.550s (+15.3% 🔺)2.354s (-10.1% 🟢)1.804s101.11x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express1.091s (-0.5%)2.006s (~)0.914s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.114s2.006s0.892s101.02x
💻 LocalNitro1.122s (-0.5%)2.006s (~)0.884s101.03x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)1.127s2.006s0.879s101.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.144s2.013s0.869s101.05x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.150s (+0.7%)2.013s (~)0.863s101.05x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)1.322s2.008s0.687s101.21x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.990s (-6.2% 🟢)3.678s (-7.4% 🟢)1.689s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.076s (-4.8%)3.946s (-1.4%)1.870s101.04x
▲ VercelExpress2.233s (+6.1% 🔺)3.891s (+4.9%)1.658s101.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express10.577s (~)11.022s (~)0.445s31.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)10.736s11.022s0.286s31.01x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.787s11.025s0.238s31.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.872s11.039s0.167s31.03x
💻 LocalNitro10.889s (~)11.022s (~)0.133s31.03x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.969s (~)11.043s (~)0.074s31.04x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)12.275s13.023s0.747s31.16x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express16.701s (-1.5%)18.248s (-0.9%)1.547s21.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)16.924s (-4.4%)19.032s (-4.6%)2.108s21.01x
▲ VercelNitro16.930s (+1.8%)17.945s (-1.2%)1.015s21.01x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)26.653s27.048s0.396s31.00x
💻 LocalExpress26.662s (~)27.050s (~)0.388s31.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)27.077s27.733s0.656s31.02x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)27.117s28.050s0.933s31.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro27.192s (~)28.070s (~)0.878s31.02x
💻 LocalNitro27.418s (~)28.051s (~)0.633s31.03x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)30.431s31.040s0.608s21.14x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)43.438s (-2.1%)45.266s (-1.9%)1.828s21.00x
▲ VercelNitro44.499s (+3.1%)47.185s (+4.3%)2.685s21.02x
▲ VercelExpress44.983s (-1.1%)46.871s (-1.5%)1.887s21.04x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)53.253s54.093s0.840s21.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)53.934s54.104s0.170s21.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro54.404s (~)55.103s (~)0.698s21.02x
💻 LocalExpress54.758s (~)55.103s (~)0.345s21.03x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)55.806s56.098s0.292s21.05x
💻 LocalNitro56.449s (~)57.109s (~)0.660s21.06x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)60.461s61.054s0.594s21.14x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express91.857s (-2.2%)93.074s (-2.7%)1.217s11.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)94.994s (-2.7%)97.114s (-2.6%)2.120s11.03x
▲ VercelNitro98.449s (+5.2% 🔺)99.347s (+3.8%)0.898s11.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.335s2.006s0.671s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.407s (-0.6%)2.011s (~)0.604s151.05x
💻 LocalExpress1.427s (-1.5%)2.005s (~)0.578s151.07x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.430s2.012s0.582s151.07x
💻 LocalNitro1.486s (-1.0%)2.005s (~)0.519s151.11x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.530s2.006s0.476s151.15x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.192s3.008s0.816s101.64x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.614s (+7.4% 🔺)3.984s (+1.0%)1.369s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.921s (+22.7% 🔺)4.272s (+10.2% 🔺)1.351s81.12x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.066s (+32.4% 🔺)4.481s (+16.4% 🔺)1.415s71.17x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express2.536s (-1.8%)3.007s (~)0.472s101.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)2.554s3.008s0.454s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.560s (-2.0%)3.013s (~)0.453s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.618s3.012s0.393s101.03x
💻 LocalNitro2.772s (+1.8%)3.008s (~)0.236s101.09x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.792s3.108s0.316s101.10x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.675s5.176s0.501s61.84x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.468s (-37.1% 🟢)3.836s (-28.8% 🟢)1.368s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.521s (-1.7%)4.061s (-1.8%)1.541s81.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.951s (+19.7% 🔺)4.850s (+27.8% 🔺)1.899s71.20x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro4.057s (~)4.590s (+3.2%)0.533s71.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)4.153s4.867s0.715s71.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)4.259s5.018s0.759s61.05x
💻 LocalExpress6.810s (-0.5%)7.216s (-4.0%)0.405s51.68x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)7.291s7.765s0.474s41.80x
💻 LocalNitro7.850s (+4.0%)8.268s (+3.1%)0.418s41.93x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)10.003s10.347s0.344s32.47x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.109s (+8.9% 🔺)4.430s (+11.5% 🔺)1.320s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.179s (+7.7% 🔺)4.898s (+10.4% 🔺)1.720s71.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.528s (+7.9% 🔺)5.145s (+0.9%)1.616s61.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.303s2.006s0.703s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.414s (-1.1%)2.011s (~)0.598s151.08x
💻 LocalExpress1.443s (-2.9%)2.006s (~)0.563s151.11x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.489s2.078s0.589s151.14x
💻 LocalNitro1.500s (~)2.006s (~)0.507s151.15x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.508s2.005s0.497s151.16x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.207s3.008s0.801s101.69x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.088s (-2.2%)3.650s (+0.8%)1.562s91.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.248s (+7.1% 🔺)3.975s (+1.6%)1.727s81.08x
▲ VercelNitro2.258s (+7.6% 🔺)3.680s (+1.8%)1.422s91.08x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.585s3.008s0.423s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress2.590s (-1.7%)3.007s (~)0.418s101.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.615s (~)3.013s (~)0.397s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.628s3.013s0.385s101.02x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.841s3.308s0.467s101.10x
💻 LocalNitro2.878s (-5.0% 🟢)3.108s (-12.8% 🟢)0.231s101.11x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.744s5.177s0.433s61.84x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.353s (-9.5% 🟢)3.757s (-4.9%)1.404s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.556s (-17.0% 🟢)3.744s (-15.7% 🟢)1.188s91.09x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.499s (+12.1% 🔺)5.253s (+11.4% 🔺)1.753s61.49x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro4.044s (-0.6%)4.588s (~)0.545s71.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)4.143s4.867s0.724s71.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)4.309s5.018s0.710s61.07x
💻 LocalExpress7.189s (-3.4%)8.017s (~)0.827s41.78x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)7.890s8.267s0.377s41.95x
💻 LocalNitro8.491s (+8.3% 🔺)9.021s (+5.8% 🔺)0.530s42.10x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)10.047s10.345s0.298s32.48x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.979s (+2.5%)4.382s (-5.5% 🟢)1.403s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.065s (+16.3% 🔺)4.696s (+16.5% 🔺)1.632s71.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.469s (+14.7% 🔺)5.256s (+3.3%)1.787s61.16x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.130s (-2.2%)1.002s (~)0.009s (-4.3%)1.015s (~)0.884s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.162s1.002s0.012s1.018s0.855s101.25x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.166s1.001s0.002s1.007s0.841s101.28x
💻 LocalNitro0.195s (-3.4%)1.003s (~)0.011s (+4.6%)1.017s (~)0.822s101.49x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.201s1.002s0.002s1.013s0.812s101.54x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.211s (-1.4%)0.996s (~)0.001s (-6.7% 🟢)1.013s (~)0.802s101.62x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.532s0.917s0.001s1.008s0.476s104.08x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing-----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express1.552s (-12.6% 🟢)2.363s (-17.7% 🟢)0.004s (-23.7% 🟢)2.916s (-81.0% 🟢)1.365s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)1.667s (-3.9%)2.939s (+7.1% 🔺)0.006s (+16.7% 🔺)3.570s (+4.6%)1.903s101.07x
▲ VercelNitro1.714s (+1.7%)2.428s (-10.4% 🟢)0.005s (+2.0%)2.930s (-10.2% 🟢)1.217s101.10x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalExpress12/12
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)6/12
▲ VercelExpress6/12
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express💻 Local8/12
Next.js (Turbopack)🌐 Redis7/12
Nitro💻 Local4/12
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run


Some benchmark jobs failed:

  • Local: success
  • Postgres: failure
  • Vercel: success

Check the workflow run for details.

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🧪 E2E Test Results

Some tests failed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production560067627
✅ 💻 Local Development600084684
✅ 📦 Local Production600084684
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres600084684
✅ 🪟 Windows540357
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds1165515186
✅ 📋 Other144027171
Total2674553643093

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (55 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
  • webhookWorkflow
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

redis (2 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

turso (50 failed):

  • addTenWorkflow
  • addTenWorkflow
  • wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent)
  • should work with react rendering in step
  • promiseAllWorkflow
  • promiseRaceWorkflow
  • promiseAnyWorkflow
  • importedStepOnlyWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
  • webhookWorkflow
  • sleepingWorkflow
  • parallelSleepWorkflow
  • nullByteWorkflow
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
  • fetchWorkflow
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
  • error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
  • error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
  • error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
  • error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
  • error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
  • hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
  • Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
  • AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
  • ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
  • customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
  • instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
  • crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
  • stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
  • cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
  • cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
  • pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
  • hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep
  • sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control)

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro5007
✅ example5007
✅ express5007
✅ fastify5007
✅ hono5007
✅ nextjs-turbopack5502
✅ nextjs-webpack5502
✅ nitro5007
✅ nuxt5007
✅ sveltekit5007
✅ vite5007
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4809
✅ express-stable4809
✅ fastify-stable4809
✅ hono-stable4809
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary5403
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable5403
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary5403
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable5403
✅ nitro-stable4809
✅ nuxt-stable4809
✅ sveltekit-stable4809
✅ vite-stable4809
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4809
✅ express-stable4809
✅ fastify-stable4809
✅ hono-stable4809
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary5403
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable5403
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary5403
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable5403
✅ nitro-stable4809
✅ nuxt-stable4809
✅ sveltekit-stable4809
✅ vite-stable4809
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4809
✅ express-stable4809
✅ fastify-stable4809
✅ hono-stable4809
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary5403
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable5403
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary5403
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable5403
✅ nitro-stable4809
✅ nuxt-stable4809
✅ sveltekit-stable4809
✅ vite-stable4809
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack5403
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ mongodb-dev302
❌ mongodb5133
✅ redis-dev302
❌ redis5223
✅ turso-dev302
❌ turso4503
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable4809
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable4809
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable4809

📋 View full workflow run

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Pull request overview

Documentation-only PR that adds docs for the deploymentId: "latest" option in start() (introduced in #1317) and removes the @deprecated TSDoc tag from StartOptions.deploymentId.

Changes:

  • Add API reference section documenting deploymentId: "latest" with compatibility warnings
  • Add cross-reference callout in Common Patterns for background execution via step
  • Remove @deprecated tag from StartOptions.deploymentId in @workflow/core

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 4 out of 4 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

FileDescription
docs/content/docs/api-reference/workflow-api/start.mdxNew section documenting deploymentId: "latest" with callouts
docs/content/docs/foundations/common-patterns.mdxCross-reference callout for deploymentId: "latest"
packages/core/src/runtime/start.tsRemove @deprecated tag, improve JSDoc
.changeset/docs-deploymentid-latest.mdChangeset for the patch

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docs: add documentation for `deploymentId: "latest"` in `start()` by TooTallNate · Pull Request #1409 · vercel/workflow · GitHub
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docs: add documentation for deploymentId: "latest" in start() - #1409

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Mar 16, 2026
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docs: add documentation for deploymentId: "latest" in start()#1409
TooTallNate merged 2 commits into
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Summary

  • Add documentation for the deploymentId: "latest" option in start(), which was added in feat: support deploymentId: 'latest' in start() to resolve most recent deployment #1317 but not documented
  • Remove the @deprecated tag from StartOptions.deploymentId in @workflow/core since it doesn't render correctly in the TSDoc component and the option is actively supported
  • Add a compatibility warning callout explaining that workflow identity (function name + file path) and argument schemas must remain stable across deployments
  • Add a cross-reference callout in the "Background Execution via Step" section of Common Patterns

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TooTallNate requested a review from a team as a code ownerMarch 16, 2026 22:30
CopilotAI review requested due to automatic review settings March 16, 2026 22:30
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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 7ce28c4

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages
NameType
@workflow/corePatch
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/vitestPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
workflowPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch
@workflow/aiPatch

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.034s (-9.8% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.971s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro0.040s (-9.6% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.966s101.17x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.049s1.005s0.957s101.43x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.053s1.006s0.952s101.57x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.060s1.011s0.951s101.76x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.063s (+4.1%)1.016s (~)0.952s101.86x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.112s1.008s0.896s103.29x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.496s (-21.4% 🟢)2.924s (+8.9% 🔺)2.428s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress0.525s (+3.9%)2.551s (+7.7% 🔺)2.026s101.06x
▲ VercelNitro0.550s (+15.3% 🔺)2.354s (-10.1% 🟢)1.804s101.11x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express1.091s (-0.5%)2.006s (~)0.914s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.114s2.006s0.892s101.02x
💻 LocalNitro1.122s (-0.5%)2.006s (~)0.884s101.03x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)1.127s2.006s0.879s101.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.144s2.013s0.869s101.05x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.150s (+0.7%)2.013s (~)0.863s101.05x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)1.322s2.008s0.687s101.21x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.990s (-6.2% 🟢)3.678s (-7.4% 🟢)1.689s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.076s (-4.8%)3.946s (-1.4%)1.870s101.04x
▲ VercelExpress2.233s (+6.1% 🔺)3.891s (+4.9%)1.658s101.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express10.577s (~)11.022s (~)0.445s31.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)10.736s11.022s0.286s31.01x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.787s11.025s0.238s31.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.872s11.039s0.167s31.03x
💻 LocalNitro10.889s (~)11.022s (~)0.133s31.03x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.969s (~)11.043s (~)0.074s31.04x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)12.275s13.023s0.747s31.16x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express16.701s (-1.5%)18.248s (-0.9%)1.547s21.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)16.924s (-4.4%)19.032s (-4.6%)2.108s21.01x
▲ VercelNitro16.930s (+1.8%)17.945s (-1.2%)1.015s21.01x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)26.653s27.048s0.396s31.00x
💻 LocalExpress26.662s (~)27.050s (~)0.388s31.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)27.077s27.733s0.656s31.02x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)27.117s28.050s0.933s31.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro27.192s (~)28.070s (~)0.878s31.02x
💻 LocalNitro27.418s (~)28.051s (~)0.633s31.03x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)30.431s31.040s0.608s21.14x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)43.438s (-2.1%)45.266s (-1.9%)1.828s21.00x
▲ VercelNitro44.499s (+3.1%)47.185s (+4.3%)2.685s21.02x
▲ VercelExpress44.983s (-1.1%)46.871s (-1.5%)1.887s21.04x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)53.253s54.093s0.840s21.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)53.934s54.104s0.170s21.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro54.404s (~)55.103s (~)0.698s21.02x
💻 LocalExpress54.758s (~)55.103s (~)0.345s21.03x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)55.806s56.098s0.292s21.05x
💻 LocalNitro56.449s (~)57.109s (~)0.660s21.06x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)60.461s61.054s0.594s21.14x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express91.857s (-2.2%)93.074s (-2.7%)1.217s11.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)94.994s (-2.7%)97.114s (-2.6%)2.120s11.03x
▲ VercelNitro98.449s (+5.2% 🔺)99.347s (+3.8%)0.898s11.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.335s2.006s0.671s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.407s (-0.6%)2.011s (~)0.604s151.05x
💻 LocalExpress1.427s (-1.5%)2.005s (~)0.578s151.07x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.430s2.012s0.582s151.07x
💻 LocalNitro1.486s (-1.0%)2.005s (~)0.519s151.11x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.530s2.006s0.476s151.15x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.192s3.008s0.816s101.64x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.614s (+7.4% 🔺)3.984s (+1.0%)1.369s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.921s (+22.7% 🔺)4.272s (+10.2% 🔺)1.351s81.12x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.066s (+32.4% 🔺)4.481s (+16.4% 🔺)1.415s71.17x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express2.536s (-1.8%)3.007s (~)0.472s101.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)2.554s3.008s0.454s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.560s (-2.0%)3.013s (~)0.453s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.618s3.012s0.393s101.03x
💻 LocalNitro2.772s (+1.8%)3.008s (~)0.236s101.09x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.792s3.108s0.316s101.10x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.675s5.176s0.501s61.84x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.468s (-37.1% 🟢)3.836s (-28.8% 🟢)1.368s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.521s (-1.7%)4.061s (-1.8%)1.541s81.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.951s (+19.7% 🔺)4.850s (+27.8% 🔺)1.899s71.20x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro4.057s (~)4.590s (+3.2%)0.533s71.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)4.153s4.867s0.715s71.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)4.259s5.018s0.759s61.05x
💻 LocalExpress6.810s (-0.5%)7.216s (-4.0%)0.405s51.68x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)7.291s7.765s0.474s41.80x
💻 LocalNitro7.850s (+4.0%)8.268s (+3.1%)0.418s41.93x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)10.003s10.347s0.344s32.47x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.109s (+8.9% 🔺)4.430s (+11.5% 🔺)1.320s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.179s (+7.7% 🔺)4.898s (+10.4% 🔺)1.720s71.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.528s (+7.9% 🔺)5.145s (+0.9%)1.616s61.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.303s2.006s0.703s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.414s (-1.1%)2.011s (~)0.598s151.08x
💻 LocalExpress1.443s (-2.9%)2.006s (~)0.563s151.11x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.489s2.078s0.589s151.14x
💻 LocalNitro1.500s (~)2.006s (~)0.507s151.15x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.508s2.005s0.497s151.16x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.207s3.008s0.801s101.69x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.088s (-2.2%)3.650s (+0.8%)1.562s91.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.248s (+7.1% 🔺)3.975s (+1.6%)1.727s81.08x
▲ VercelNitro2.258s (+7.6% 🔺)3.680s (+1.8%)1.422s91.08x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.585s3.008s0.423s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress2.590s (-1.7%)3.007s (~)0.418s101.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.615s (~)3.013s (~)0.397s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.628s3.013s0.385s101.02x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.841s3.308s0.467s101.10x
💻 LocalNitro2.878s (-5.0% 🟢)3.108s (-12.8% 🟢)0.231s101.11x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.744s5.177s0.433s61.84x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.353s (-9.5% 🟢)3.757s (-4.9%)1.404s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.556s (-17.0% 🟢)3.744s (-15.7% 🟢)1.188s91.09x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.499s (+12.1% 🔺)5.253s (+11.4% 🔺)1.753s61.49x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro4.044s (-0.6%)4.588s (~)0.545s71.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)4.143s4.867s0.724s71.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)4.309s5.018s0.710s61.07x
💻 LocalExpress7.189s (-3.4%)8.017s (~)0.827s41.78x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)7.890s8.267s0.377s41.95x
💻 LocalNitro8.491s (+8.3% 🔺)9.021s (+5.8% 🔺)0.530s42.10x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)10.047s10.345s0.298s32.48x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.979s (+2.5%)4.382s (-5.5% 🟢)1.403s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.065s (+16.3% 🔺)4.696s (+16.5% 🔺)1.632s71.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.469s (+14.7% 🔺)5.256s (+3.3%)1.787s61.16x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.130s (-2.2%)1.002s (~)0.009s (-4.3%)1.015s (~)0.884s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.162s1.002s0.012s1.018s0.855s101.25x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.166s1.001s0.002s1.007s0.841s101.28x
💻 LocalNitro0.195s (-3.4%)1.003s (~)0.011s (+4.6%)1.017s (~)0.822s101.49x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.201s1.002s0.002s1.013s0.812s101.54x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.211s (-1.4%)0.996s (~)0.001s (-6.7% 🟢)1.013s (~)0.802s101.62x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.532s0.917s0.001s1.008s0.476s104.08x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing-----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express1.552s (-12.6% 🟢)2.363s (-17.7% 🟢)0.004s (-23.7% 🟢)2.916s (-81.0% 🟢)1.365s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)1.667s (-3.9%)2.939s (+7.1% 🔺)0.006s (+16.7% 🔺)3.570s (+4.6%)1.903s101.07x
▲ VercelNitro1.714s (+1.7%)2.428s (-10.4% 🟢)0.005s (+2.0%)2.930s (-10.2% 🟢)1.217s101.10x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalExpress12/12
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)6/12
▲ VercelExpress6/12
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express💻 Local8/12
Next.js (Turbopack)🌐 Redis7/12
Nitro💻 Local4/12
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run


Some benchmark jobs failed:

  • Local: success
  • Postgres: failure
  • Vercel: success

Check the workflow run for details.

@github-actions

github-actionsBot commented Mar 16, 2026

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🧪 E2E Test Results

Some tests failed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production560067627
✅ 💻 Local Development600084684
✅ 📦 Local Production600084684
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres600084684
✅ 🪟 Windows540357
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds1165515186
✅ 📋 Other144027171
Total2674553643093

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (55 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
  • webhookWorkflow
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

redis (2 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

turso (50 failed):

  • addTenWorkflow
  • addTenWorkflow
  • wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent)
  • should work with react rendering in step
  • promiseAllWorkflow
  • promiseRaceWorkflow
  • promiseAnyWorkflow
  • importedStepOnlyWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
  • webhookWorkflow
  • sleepingWorkflow
  • parallelSleepWorkflow
  • nullByteWorkflow
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
  • fetchWorkflow
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
  • error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
  • error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
  • error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
  • error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
  • error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
  • hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
  • Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
  • AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
  • ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
  • customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
  • instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
  • crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
  • stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
  • cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
  • cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
  • pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
  • hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep
  • sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control)

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro5007
✅ example5007
✅ express5007
✅ fastify5007
✅ hono5007
✅ nextjs-turbopack5502
✅ nextjs-webpack5502
✅ nitro5007
✅ nuxt5007
✅ sveltekit5007
✅ vite5007
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4809
✅ express-stable4809
✅ fastify-stable4809
✅ hono-stable4809
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary5403
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable5403
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary5403
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable5403
✅ nitro-stable4809
✅ nuxt-stable4809
✅ sveltekit-stable4809
✅ vite-stable4809
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4809
✅ express-stable4809
✅ fastify-stable4809
✅ hono-stable4809
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary5403
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable5403
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary5403
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable5403
✅ nitro-stable4809
✅ nuxt-stable4809
✅ sveltekit-stable4809
✅ vite-stable4809
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4809
✅ express-stable4809
✅ fastify-stable4809
✅ hono-stable4809
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary5403
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable5403
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary5403
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable5403
✅ nitro-stable4809
✅ nuxt-stable4809
✅ sveltekit-stable4809
✅ vite-stable4809
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack5403
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ mongodb-dev302
❌ mongodb5133
✅ redis-dev302
❌ redis5223
✅ turso-dev302
❌ turso4503
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable4809
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable4809
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable4809

📋 View full workflow run

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Pull request overview

Documentation-only PR that adds docs for the deploymentId: "latest" option in start() (introduced in #1317) and removes the @deprecated TSDoc tag from StartOptions.deploymentId.

Changes:

  • Add API reference section documenting deploymentId: "latest" with compatibility warnings
  • Add cross-reference callout in Common Patterns for background execution via step
  • Remove @deprecated tag from StartOptions.deploymentId in @workflow/core

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 4 out of 4 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

FileDescription
docs/content/docs/api-reference/workflow-api/start.mdxNew section documenting deploymentId: "latest" with callouts
docs/content/docs/foundations/common-patterns.mdxCross-reference callout for deploymentId: "latest"
packages/core/src/runtime/start.tsRemove @deprecated tag, improve JSDoc
.changeset/docs-deploymentid-latest.mdChangeset for the patch

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@TooTallNate@VaguelySerious
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docs: add documentation for deploymentId: "latest" in start() - #1409

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docs/deploymentid-latest
Mar 16, 2026
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docs: add documentation for deploymentId: "latest" in start()#1409
TooTallNate merged 2 commits into
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docs/deploymentid-latest

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Summary

  • Add documentation for the deploymentId: "latest" option in start(), which was added in feat: support deploymentId: 'latest' in start() to resolve most recent deployment #1317 but not documented
  • Remove the @deprecated tag from StartOptions.deploymentId in @workflow/core since it doesn't render correctly in the TSDoc component and the option is actively supported
  • Add a compatibility warning callout explaining that workflow identity (function name + file path) and argument schemas must remain stable across deployments
  • Add a cross-reference callout in the "Background Execution via Step" section of Common Patterns

@vercel

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@TooTallNate
TooTallNate requested a review from a team as a code ownerMarch 16, 2026 22:30
CopilotAI review requested due to automatic review settings March 16, 2026 22:30
@changeset-bot

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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 7ce28c4

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages
NameType
@workflow/corePatch
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/vitestPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
workflowPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch
@workflow/aiPatch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.034s (-9.8% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.971s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro0.040s (-9.6% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.966s101.17x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.049s1.005s0.957s101.43x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.053s1.006s0.952s101.57x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.060s1.011s0.951s101.76x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.063s (+4.1%)1.016s (~)0.952s101.86x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.112s1.008s0.896s103.29x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.496s (-21.4% 🟢)2.924s (+8.9% 🔺)2.428s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress0.525s (+3.9%)2.551s (+7.7% 🔺)2.026s101.06x
▲ VercelNitro0.550s (+15.3% 🔺)2.354s (-10.1% 🟢)1.804s101.11x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express1.091s (-0.5%)2.006s (~)0.914s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.114s2.006s0.892s101.02x
💻 LocalNitro1.122s (-0.5%)2.006s (~)0.884s101.03x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)1.127s2.006s0.879s101.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.144s2.013s0.869s101.05x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.150s (+0.7%)2.013s (~)0.863s101.05x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)1.322s2.008s0.687s101.21x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.990s (-6.2% 🟢)3.678s (-7.4% 🟢)1.689s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.076s (-4.8%)3.946s (-1.4%)1.870s101.04x
▲ VercelExpress2.233s (+6.1% 🔺)3.891s (+4.9%)1.658s101.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express10.577s (~)11.022s (~)0.445s31.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)10.736s11.022s0.286s31.01x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.787s11.025s0.238s31.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.872s11.039s0.167s31.03x
💻 LocalNitro10.889s (~)11.022s (~)0.133s31.03x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.969s (~)11.043s (~)0.074s31.04x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)12.275s13.023s0.747s31.16x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express16.701s (-1.5%)18.248s (-0.9%)1.547s21.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)16.924s (-4.4%)19.032s (-4.6%)2.108s21.01x
▲ VercelNitro16.930s (+1.8%)17.945s (-1.2%)1.015s21.01x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)26.653s27.048s0.396s31.00x
💻 LocalExpress26.662s (~)27.050s (~)0.388s31.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)27.077s27.733s0.656s31.02x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)27.117s28.050s0.933s31.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro27.192s (~)28.070s (~)0.878s31.02x
💻 LocalNitro27.418s (~)28.051s (~)0.633s31.03x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)30.431s31.040s0.608s21.14x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)43.438s (-2.1%)45.266s (-1.9%)1.828s21.00x
▲ VercelNitro44.499s (+3.1%)47.185s (+4.3%)2.685s21.02x
▲ VercelExpress44.983s (-1.1%)46.871s (-1.5%)1.887s21.04x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)53.253s54.093s0.840s21.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)53.934s54.104s0.170s21.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro54.404s (~)55.103s (~)0.698s21.02x
💻 LocalExpress54.758s (~)55.103s (~)0.345s21.03x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)55.806s56.098s0.292s21.05x
💻 LocalNitro56.449s (~)57.109s (~)0.660s21.06x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)60.461s61.054s0.594s21.14x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express91.857s (-2.2%)93.074s (-2.7%)1.217s11.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)94.994s (-2.7%)97.114s (-2.6%)2.120s11.03x
▲ VercelNitro98.449s (+5.2% 🔺)99.347s (+3.8%)0.898s11.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.335s2.006s0.671s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.407s (-0.6%)2.011s (~)0.604s151.05x
💻 LocalExpress1.427s (-1.5%)2.005s (~)0.578s151.07x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.430s2.012s0.582s151.07x
💻 LocalNitro1.486s (-1.0%)2.005s (~)0.519s151.11x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.530s2.006s0.476s151.15x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.192s3.008s0.816s101.64x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.614s (+7.4% 🔺)3.984s (+1.0%)1.369s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.921s (+22.7% 🔺)4.272s (+10.2% 🔺)1.351s81.12x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.066s (+32.4% 🔺)4.481s (+16.4% 🔺)1.415s71.17x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express2.536s (-1.8%)3.007s (~)0.472s101.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)2.554s3.008s0.454s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.560s (-2.0%)3.013s (~)0.453s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.618s3.012s0.393s101.03x
💻 LocalNitro2.772s (+1.8%)3.008s (~)0.236s101.09x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.792s3.108s0.316s101.10x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.675s5.176s0.501s61.84x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.468s (-37.1% 🟢)3.836s (-28.8% 🟢)1.368s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.521s (-1.7%)4.061s (-1.8%)1.541s81.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.951s (+19.7% 🔺)4.850s (+27.8% 🔺)1.899s71.20x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro4.057s (~)4.590s (+3.2%)0.533s71.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)4.153s4.867s0.715s71.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)4.259s5.018s0.759s61.05x
💻 LocalExpress6.810s (-0.5%)7.216s (-4.0%)0.405s51.68x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)7.291s7.765s0.474s41.80x
💻 LocalNitro7.850s (+4.0%)8.268s (+3.1%)0.418s41.93x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)10.003s10.347s0.344s32.47x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.109s (+8.9% 🔺)4.430s (+11.5% 🔺)1.320s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.179s (+7.7% 🔺)4.898s (+10.4% 🔺)1.720s71.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.528s (+7.9% 🔺)5.145s (+0.9%)1.616s61.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.303s2.006s0.703s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.414s (-1.1%)2.011s (~)0.598s151.08x
💻 LocalExpress1.443s (-2.9%)2.006s (~)0.563s151.11x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.489s2.078s0.589s151.14x
💻 LocalNitro1.500s (~)2.006s (~)0.507s151.15x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.508s2.005s0.497s151.16x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.207s3.008s0.801s101.69x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.088s (-2.2%)3.650s (+0.8%)1.562s91.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.248s (+7.1% 🔺)3.975s (+1.6%)1.727s81.08x
▲ VercelNitro2.258s (+7.6% 🔺)3.680s (+1.8%)1.422s91.08x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.585s3.008s0.423s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress2.590s (-1.7%)3.007s (~)0.418s101.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.615s (~)3.013s (~)0.397s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.628s3.013s0.385s101.02x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.841s3.308s0.467s101.10x
💻 LocalNitro2.878s (-5.0% 🟢)3.108s (-12.8% 🟢)0.231s101.11x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.744s5.177s0.433s61.84x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.353s (-9.5% 🟢)3.757s (-4.9%)1.404s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.556s (-17.0% 🟢)3.744s (-15.7% 🟢)1.188s91.09x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.499s (+12.1% 🔺)5.253s (+11.4% 🔺)1.753s61.49x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro4.044s (-0.6%)4.588s (~)0.545s71.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)4.143s4.867s0.724s71.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)4.309s5.018s0.710s61.07x
💻 LocalExpress7.189s (-3.4%)8.017s (~)0.827s41.78x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)7.890s8.267s0.377s41.95x
💻 LocalNitro8.491s (+8.3% 🔺)9.021s (+5.8% 🔺)0.530s42.10x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)10.047s10.345s0.298s32.48x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.979s (+2.5%)4.382s (-5.5% 🟢)1.403s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.065s (+16.3% 🔺)4.696s (+16.5% 🔺)1.632s71.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.469s (+14.7% 🔺)5.256s (+3.3%)1.787s61.16x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.130s (-2.2%)1.002s (~)0.009s (-4.3%)1.015s (~)0.884s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.162s1.002s0.012s1.018s0.855s101.25x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.166s1.001s0.002s1.007s0.841s101.28x
💻 LocalNitro0.195s (-3.4%)1.003s (~)0.011s (+4.6%)1.017s (~)0.822s101.49x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.201s1.002s0.002s1.013s0.812s101.54x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.211s (-1.4%)0.996s (~)0.001s (-6.7% 🟢)1.013s (~)0.802s101.62x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.532s0.917s0.001s1.008s0.476s104.08x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing-----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express1.552s (-12.6% 🟢)2.363s (-17.7% 🟢)0.004s (-23.7% 🟢)2.916s (-81.0% 🟢)1.365s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)1.667s (-3.9%)2.939s (+7.1% 🔺)0.006s (+16.7% 🔺)3.570s (+4.6%)1.903s101.07x
▲ VercelNitro1.714s (+1.7%)2.428s (-10.4% 🟢)0.005s (+2.0%)2.930s (-10.2% 🟢)1.217s101.10x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalExpress12/12
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)6/12
▲ VercelExpress6/12
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express💻 Local8/12
Next.js (Turbopack)🌐 Redis7/12
Nitro💻 Local4/12
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run


Some benchmark jobs failed:

  • Local: success
  • Postgres: failure
  • Vercel: success

Check the workflow run for details.

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🧪 E2E Test Results

Some tests failed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production560067627
✅ 💻 Local Development600084684
✅ 📦 Local Production600084684
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres600084684
✅ 🪟 Windows540357
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds1165515186
✅ 📋 Other144027171
Total2674553643093

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (55 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
  • webhookWorkflow
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

redis (2 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

turso (50 failed):

  • addTenWorkflow
  • addTenWorkflow
  • wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent)
  • should work with react rendering in step
  • promiseAllWorkflow
  • promiseRaceWorkflow
  • promiseAnyWorkflow
  • importedStepOnlyWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
  • webhookWorkflow
  • sleepingWorkflow
  • parallelSleepWorkflow
  • nullByteWorkflow
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
  • fetchWorkflow
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
  • error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
  • error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
  • error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
  • error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
  • error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
  • hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
  • Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
  • AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
  • ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
  • customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
  • instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
  • crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
  • stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
  • cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
  • cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
  • pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
  • hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep
  • sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control)

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro5007
✅ example5007
✅ express5007
✅ fastify5007
✅ hono5007
✅ nextjs-turbopack5502
✅ nextjs-webpack5502
✅ nitro5007
✅ nuxt5007
✅ sveltekit5007
✅ vite5007
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4809
✅ express-stable4809
✅ fastify-stable4809
✅ hono-stable4809
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary5403
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable5403
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary5403
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable5403
✅ nitro-stable4809
✅ nuxt-stable4809
✅ sveltekit-stable4809
✅ vite-stable4809
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4809
✅ express-stable4809
✅ fastify-stable4809
✅ hono-stable4809
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary5403
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable5403
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary5403
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable5403
✅ nitro-stable4809
✅ nuxt-stable4809
✅ sveltekit-stable4809
✅ vite-stable4809
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4809
✅ express-stable4809
✅ fastify-stable4809
✅ hono-stable4809
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary5403
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable5403
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary5403
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable5403
✅ nitro-stable4809
✅ nuxt-stable4809
✅ sveltekit-stable4809
✅ vite-stable4809
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack5403
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ mongodb-dev302
❌ mongodb5133
✅ redis-dev302
❌ redis5223
✅ turso-dev302
❌ turso4503
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable4809
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable4809
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable4809

📋 View full workflow run

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Pull request overview

Documentation-only PR that adds docs for the deploymentId: "latest" option in start() (introduced in #1317) and removes the @deprecated TSDoc tag from StartOptions.deploymentId.

Changes:

  • Add API reference section documenting deploymentId: "latest" with compatibility warnings
  • Add cross-reference callout in Common Patterns for background execution via step
  • Remove @deprecated tag from StartOptions.deploymentId in @workflow/core

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 4 out of 4 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

FileDescription
docs/content/docs/api-reference/workflow-api/start.mdxNew section documenting deploymentId: "latest" with callouts
docs/content/docs/foundations/common-patterns.mdxCross-reference callout for deploymentId: "latest"
packages/core/src/runtime/start.tsRemove @deprecated tag, improve JSDoc
.changeset/docs-deploymentid-latest.mdChangeset for the patch

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@TooTallNate@VaguelySerious
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docs: add documentation for deploymentId: "latest" in start() - #1409

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TooTallNate merged 2 commits into
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docs/deploymentid-latest
Mar 16, 2026
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docs: add documentation for deploymentId: "latest" in start()#1409
TooTallNate merged 2 commits into
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docs/deploymentid-latest

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Summary

  • Add documentation for the deploymentId: "latest" option in start(), which was added in feat: support deploymentId: 'latest' in start() to resolve most recent deployment #1317 but not documented
  • Remove the @deprecated tag from StartOptions.deploymentId in @workflow/core since it doesn't render correctly in the TSDoc component and the option is actively supported
  • Add a compatibility warning callout explaining that workflow identity (function name + file path) and argument schemas must remain stable across deployments
  • Add a cross-reference callout in the "Background Execution via Step" section of Common Patterns

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@TooTallNate
TooTallNate requested a review from a team as a code ownerMarch 16, 2026 22:30
CopilotAI review requested due to automatic review settings March 16, 2026 22:30
@changeset-bot

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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 7ce28c4

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages
NameType
@workflow/corePatch
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/vitestPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
workflowPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch
@workflow/aiPatch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.034s (-9.8% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.971s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro0.040s (-9.6% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.966s101.17x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.049s1.005s0.957s101.43x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.053s1.006s0.952s101.57x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.060s1.011s0.951s101.76x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.063s (+4.1%)1.016s (~)0.952s101.86x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.112s1.008s0.896s103.29x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.496s (-21.4% 🟢)2.924s (+8.9% 🔺)2.428s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress0.525s (+3.9%)2.551s (+7.7% 🔺)2.026s101.06x
▲ VercelNitro0.550s (+15.3% 🔺)2.354s (-10.1% 🟢)1.804s101.11x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express1.091s (-0.5%)2.006s (~)0.914s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.114s2.006s0.892s101.02x
💻 LocalNitro1.122s (-0.5%)2.006s (~)0.884s101.03x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)1.127s2.006s0.879s101.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.144s2.013s0.869s101.05x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.150s (+0.7%)2.013s (~)0.863s101.05x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)1.322s2.008s0.687s101.21x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.990s (-6.2% 🟢)3.678s (-7.4% 🟢)1.689s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.076s (-4.8%)3.946s (-1.4%)1.870s101.04x
▲ VercelExpress2.233s (+6.1% 🔺)3.891s (+4.9%)1.658s101.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express10.577s (~)11.022s (~)0.445s31.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)10.736s11.022s0.286s31.01x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.787s11.025s0.238s31.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.872s11.039s0.167s31.03x
💻 LocalNitro10.889s (~)11.022s (~)0.133s31.03x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.969s (~)11.043s (~)0.074s31.04x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)12.275s13.023s0.747s31.16x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express16.701s (-1.5%)18.248s (-0.9%)1.547s21.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)16.924s (-4.4%)19.032s (-4.6%)2.108s21.01x
▲ VercelNitro16.930s (+1.8%)17.945s (-1.2%)1.015s21.01x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)26.653s27.048s0.396s31.00x
💻 LocalExpress26.662s (~)27.050s (~)0.388s31.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)27.077s27.733s0.656s31.02x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)27.117s28.050s0.933s31.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro27.192s (~)28.070s (~)0.878s31.02x
💻 LocalNitro27.418s (~)28.051s (~)0.633s31.03x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)30.431s31.040s0.608s21.14x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)43.438s (-2.1%)45.266s (-1.9%)1.828s21.00x
▲ VercelNitro44.499s (+3.1%)47.185s (+4.3%)2.685s21.02x
▲ VercelExpress44.983s (-1.1%)46.871s (-1.5%)1.887s21.04x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)53.253s54.093s0.840s21.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)53.934s54.104s0.170s21.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro54.404s (~)55.103s (~)0.698s21.02x
💻 LocalExpress54.758s (~)55.103s (~)0.345s21.03x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)55.806s56.098s0.292s21.05x
💻 LocalNitro56.449s (~)57.109s (~)0.660s21.06x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)60.461s61.054s0.594s21.14x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express91.857s (-2.2%)93.074s (-2.7%)1.217s11.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)94.994s (-2.7%)97.114s (-2.6%)2.120s11.03x
▲ VercelNitro98.449s (+5.2% 🔺)99.347s (+3.8%)0.898s11.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.335s2.006s0.671s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.407s (-0.6%)2.011s (~)0.604s151.05x
💻 LocalExpress1.427s (-1.5%)2.005s (~)0.578s151.07x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.430s2.012s0.582s151.07x
💻 LocalNitro1.486s (-1.0%)2.005s (~)0.519s151.11x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.530s2.006s0.476s151.15x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.192s3.008s0.816s101.64x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.614s (+7.4% 🔺)3.984s (+1.0%)1.369s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.921s (+22.7% 🔺)4.272s (+10.2% 🔺)1.351s81.12x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.066s (+32.4% 🔺)4.481s (+16.4% 🔺)1.415s71.17x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express2.536s (-1.8%)3.007s (~)0.472s101.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)2.554s3.008s0.454s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.560s (-2.0%)3.013s (~)0.453s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.618s3.012s0.393s101.03x
💻 LocalNitro2.772s (+1.8%)3.008s (~)0.236s101.09x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.792s3.108s0.316s101.10x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.675s5.176s0.501s61.84x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.468s (-37.1% 🟢)3.836s (-28.8% 🟢)1.368s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.521s (-1.7%)4.061s (-1.8%)1.541s81.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.951s (+19.7% 🔺)4.850s (+27.8% 🔺)1.899s71.20x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro4.057s (~)4.590s (+3.2%)0.533s71.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)4.153s4.867s0.715s71.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)4.259s5.018s0.759s61.05x
💻 LocalExpress6.810s (-0.5%)7.216s (-4.0%)0.405s51.68x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)7.291s7.765s0.474s41.80x
💻 LocalNitro7.850s (+4.0%)8.268s (+3.1%)0.418s41.93x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)10.003s10.347s0.344s32.47x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.109s (+8.9% 🔺)4.430s (+11.5% 🔺)1.320s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.179s (+7.7% 🔺)4.898s (+10.4% 🔺)1.720s71.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.528s (+7.9% 🔺)5.145s (+0.9%)1.616s61.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.303s2.006s0.703s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.414s (-1.1%)2.011s (~)0.598s151.08x
💻 LocalExpress1.443s (-2.9%)2.006s (~)0.563s151.11x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.489s2.078s0.589s151.14x
💻 LocalNitro1.500s (~)2.006s (~)0.507s151.15x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.508s2.005s0.497s151.16x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.207s3.008s0.801s101.69x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.088s (-2.2%)3.650s (+0.8%)1.562s91.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.248s (+7.1% 🔺)3.975s (+1.6%)1.727s81.08x
▲ VercelNitro2.258s (+7.6% 🔺)3.680s (+1.8%)1.422s91.08x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.585s3.008s0.423s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress2.590s (-1.7%)3.007s (~)0.418s101.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.615s (~)3.013s (~)0.397s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.628s3.013s0.385s101.02x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.841s3.308s0.467s101.10x
💻 LocalNitro2.878s (-5.0% 🟢)3.108s (-12.8% 🟢)0.231s101.11x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.744s5.177s0.433s61.84x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.353s (-9.5% 🟢)3.757s (-4.9%)1.404s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.556s (-17.0% 🟢)3.744s (-15.7% 🟢)1.188s91.09x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.499s (+12.1% 🔺)5.253s (+11.4% 🔺)1.753s61.49x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro4.044s (-0.6%)4.588s (~)0.545s71.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)4.143s4.867s0.724s71.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)4.309s5.018s0.710s61.07x
💻 LocalExpress7.189s (-3.4%)8.017s (~)0.827s41.78x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)7.890s8.267s0.377s41.95x
💻 LocalNitro8.491s (+8.3% 🔺)9.021s (+5.8% 🔺)0.530s42.10x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)10.047s10.345s0.298s32.48x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.979s (+2.5%)4.382s (-5.5% 🟢)1.403s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.065s (+16.3% 🔺)4.696s (+16.5% 🔺)1.632s71.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.469s (+14.7% 🔺)5.256s (+3.3%)1.787s61.16x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.130s (-2.2%)1.002s (~)0.009s (-4.3%)1.015s (~)0.884s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.162s1.002s0.012s1.018s0.855s101.25x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.166s1.001s0.002s1.007s0.841s101.28x
💻 LocalNitro0.195s (-3.4%)1.003s (~)0.011s (+4.6%)1.017s (~)0.822s101.49x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.201s1.002s0.002s1.013s0.812s101.54x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.211s (-1.4%)0.996s (~)0.001s (-6.7% 🟢)1.013s (~)0.802s101.62x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.532s0.917s0.001s1.008s0.476s104.08x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing-----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express1.552s (-12.6% 🟢)2.363s (-17.7% 🟢)0.004s (-23.7% 🟢)2.916s (-81.0% 🟢)1.365s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)1.667s (-3.9%)2.939s (+7.1% 🔺)0.006s (+16.7% 🔺)3.570s (+4.6%)1.903s101.07x
▲ VercelNitro1.714s (+1.7%)2.428s (-10.4% 🟢)0.005s (+2.0%)2.930s (-10.2% 🟢)1.217s101.10x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalExpress12/12
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)6/12
▲ VercelExpress6/12
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express💻 Local8/12
Next.js (Turbopack)🌐 Redis7/12
Nitro💻 Local4/12
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run


Some benchmark jobs failed:

  • Local: success
  • Postgres: failure
  • Vercel: success

Check the workflow run for details.

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🧪 E2E Test Results

Some tests failed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production560067627
✅ 💻 Local Development600084684
✅ 📦 Local Production600084684
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres600084684
✅ 🪟 Windows540357
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds1165515186
✅ 📋 Other144027171
Total2674553643093

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (55 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
  • webhookWorkflow
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

redis (2 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

turso (50 failed):

  • addTenWorkflow
  • addTenWorkflow
  • wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent)
  • should work with react rendering in step
  • promiseAllWorkflow
  • promiseRaceWorkflow
  • promiseAnyWorkflow
  • importedStepOnlyWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
  • webhookWorkflow
  • sleepingWorkflow
  • parallelSleepWorkflow
  • nullByteWorkflow
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
  • fetchWorkflow
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
  • error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
  • error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
  • error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
  • error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
  • error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
  • hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
  • Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
  • AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
  • ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
  • customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
  • instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
  • crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
  • stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
  • cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
  • cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
  • pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
  • hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep
  • sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control)

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro5007
✅ example5007
✅ express5007
✅ fastify5007
✅ hono5007
✅ nextjs-turbopack5502
✅ nextjs-webpack5502
✅ nitro5007
✅ nuxt5007
✅ sveltekit5007
✅ vite5007
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4809
✅ express-stable4809
✅ fastify-stable4809
✅ hono-stable4809
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary5403
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable5403
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary5403
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable5403
✅ nitro-stable4809
✅ nuxt-stable4809
✅ sveltekit-stable4809
✅ vite-stable4809
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4809
✅ express-stable4809
✅ fastify-stable4809
✅ hono-stable4809
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary5403
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable5403
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary5403
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable5403
✅ nitro-stable4809
✅ nuxt-stable4809
✅ sveltekit-stable4809
✅ vite-stable4809
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4809
✅ express-stable4809
✅ fastify-stable4809
✅ hono-stable4809
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary5403
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable5403
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary5403
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable5403
✅ nitro-stable4809
✅ nuxt-stable4809
✅ sveltekit-stable4809
✅ vite-stable4809
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack5403
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ mongodb-dev302
❌ mongodb5133
✅ redis-dev302
❌ redis5223
✅ turso-dev302
❌ turso4503
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable4809
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable4809
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable4809

📋 View full workflow run

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Pull request overview

Documentation-only PR that adds docs for the deploymentId: "latest" option in start() (introduced in #1317) and removes the @deprecated TSDoc tag from StartOptions.deploymentId.

Changes:

  • Add API reference section documenting deploymentId: "latest" with compatibility warnings
  • Add cross-reference callout in Common Patterns for background execution via step
  • Remove @deprecated tag from StartOptions.deploymentId in @workflow/core

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 4 out of 4 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

FileDescription
docs/content/docs/api-reference/workflow-api/start.mdxNew section documenting deploymentId: "latest" with callouts
docs/content/docs/foundations/common-patterns.mdxCross-reference callout for deploymentId: "latest"
packages/core/src/runtime/start.tsRemove @deprecated tag, improve JSDoc
.changeset/docs-deploymentid-latest.mdChangeset for the patch

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@TooTallNate@VaguelySerious
, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { // Strip utm_, fbclid, gclid, etc. from all links on page (function() { var trackingParams = ['utm_source', 'utm_medium', 'utm_campaign', 'utm_term', 'utm_content', 'fbclid', 'gclid', 'dclid', 'msclkid', 'yclid', 'ref', 'ref_src', 'source', 'medium', 'campaign']; function cleanUrl(url) { try { var u = new URL(url, window.location.origin); var changed = false; trackingParams.forEach(function(p) { if (u.searchParams.has(p)) { u.searchParams.delete(p); changed = true; } }); return changed ? u.toString() : url; } catch (e) { return url; } } function cleanLinks() { document.querySelectorAll('a[href]').forEach(function(a) { var clean = cleanUrl(a.href); if (clean !== a.href) a.href = clean; }); } cleanLinks(); var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) { mutations.forEach(function(m) { m.addedNodes.forEach(function(node) { if (node.nodeType === 1) { if (node.tagName === 'A') cleanLinks(); node.querySelectorAll('a[href]').forEach(function(a) { var clean = cleanUrl(a.href); if (clean !== a.href) a.href = clean; }); } }); }); }); observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true }); })(); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Remove Tracking Parameters from Links]', __e); } })(); (function(){ try { var __m = "youtube.com"; var __re = new RegExp('^' + "youtube\\.com" + ' docs: add documentation for `deploymentId: "latest"` in `start()` by TooTallNate · Pull Request #1409 · vercel/workflow · GitHub
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docs: add documentation for deploymentId: "latest" in start() - #1409

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TooTallNate merged 2 commits into
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docs/deploymentid-latest
Mar 16, 2026
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docs: add documentation for deploymentId: "latest" in start()#1409
TooTallNate merged 2 commits into
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docs/deploymentid-latest

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Summary

  • Add documentation for the deploymentId: "latest" option in start(), which was added in feat: support deploymentId: 'latest' in start() to resolve most recent deployment #1317 but not documented
  • Remove the @deprecated tag from StartOptions.deploymentId in @workflow/core since it doesn't render correctly in the TSDoc component and the option is actively supported
  • Add a compatibility warning callout explaining that workflow identity (function name + file path) and argument schemas must remain stable across deployments
  • Add a cross-reference callout in the "Background Execution via Step" section of Common Patterns

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@TooTallNate
TooTallNate requested a review from a team as a code ownerMarch 16, 2026 22:30
CopilotAI review requested due to automatic review settings March 16, 2026 22:30
@changeset-bot

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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 7ce28c4

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages
NameType
@workflow/corePatch
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/vitestPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
workflowPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch
@workflow/aiPatch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.034s (-9.8% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.971s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro0.040s (-9.6% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.966s101.17x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.049s1.005s0.957s101.43x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.053s1.006s0.952s101.57x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.060s1.011s0.951s101.76x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.063s (+4.1%)1.016s (~)0.952s101.86x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.112s1.008s0.896s103.29x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.496s (-21.4% 🟢)2.924s (+8.9% 🔺)2.428s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress0.525s (+3.9%)2.551s (+7.7% 🔺)2.026s101.06x
▲ VercelNitro0.550s (+15.3% 🔺)2.354s (-10.1% 🟢)1.804s101.11x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express1.091s (-0.5%)2.006s (~)0.914s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.114s2.006s0.892s101.02x
💻 LocalNitro1.122s (-0.5%)2.006s (~)0.884s101.03x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)1.127s2.006s0.879s101.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.144s2.013s0.869s101.05x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.150s (+0.7%)2.013s (~)0.863s101.05x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)1.322s2.008s0.687s101.21x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.990s (-6.2% 🟢)3.678s (-7.4% 🟢)1.689s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.076s (-4.8%)3.946s (-1.4%)1.870s101.04x
▲ VercelExpress2.233s (+6.1% 🔺)3.891s (+4.9%)1.658s101.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express10.577s (~)11.022s (~)0.445s31.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)10.736s11.022s0.286s31.01x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.787s11.025s0.238s31.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.872s11.039s0.167s31.03x
💻 LocalNitro10.889s (~)11.022s (~)0.133s31.03x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.969s (~)11.043s (~)0.074s31.04x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)12.275s13.023s0.747s31.16x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express16.701s (-1.5%)18.248s (-0.9%)1.547s21.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)16.924s (-4.4%)19.032s (-4.6%)2.108s21.01x
▲ VercelNitro16.930s (+1.8%)17.945s (-1.2%)1.015s21.01x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)26.653s27.048s0.396s31.00x
💻 LocalExpress26.662s (~)27.050s (~)0.388s31.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)27.077s27.733s0.656s31.02x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)27.117s28.050s0.933s31.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro27.192s (~)28.070s (~)0.878s31.02x
💻 LocalNitro27.418s (~)28.051s (~)0.633s31.03x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)30.431s31.040s0.608s21.14x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)43.438s (-2.1%)45.266s (-1.9%)1.828s21.00x
▲ VercelNitro44.499s (+3.1%)47.185s (+4.3%)2.685s21.02x
▲ VercelExpress44.983s (-1.1%)46.871s (-1.5%)1.887s21.04x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)53.253s54.093s0.840s21.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)53.934s54.104s0.170s21.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro54.404s (~)55.103s (~)0.698s21.02x
💻 LocalExpress54.758s (~)55.103s (~)0.345s21.03x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)55.806s56.098s0.292s21.05x
💻 LocalNitro56.449s (~)57.109s (~)0.660s21.06x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)60.461s61.054s0.594s21.14x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express91.857s (-2.2%)93.074s (-2.7%)1.217s11.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)94.994s (-2.7%)97.114s (-2.6%)2.120s11.03x
▲ VercelNitro98.449s (+5.2% 🔺)99.347s (+3.8%)0.898s11.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.335s2.006s0.671s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.407s (-0.6%)2.011s (~)0.604s151.05x
💻 LocalExpress1.427s (-1.5%)2.005s (~)0.578s151.07x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.430s2.012s0.582s151.07x
💻 LocalNitro1.486s (-1.0%)2.005s (~)0.519s151.11x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.530s2.006s0.476s151.15x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.192s3.008s0.816s101.64x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.614s (+7.4% 🔺)3.984s (+1.0%)1.369s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.921s (+22.7% 🔺)4.272s (+10.2% 🔺)1.351s81.12x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.066s (+32.4% 🔺)4.481s (+16.4% 🔺)1.415s71.17x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express2.536s (-1.8%)3.007s (~)0.472s101.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)2.554s3.008s0.454s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.560s (-2.0%)3.013s (~)0.453s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.618s3.012s0.393s101.03x
💻 LocalNitro2.772s (+1.8%)3.008s (~)0.236s101.09x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.792s3.108s0.316s101.10x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.675s5.176s0.501s61.84x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.468s (-37.1% 🟢)3.836s (-28.8% 🟢)1.368s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.521s (-1.7%)4.061s (-1.8%)1.541s81.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.951s (+19.7% 🔺)4.850s (+27.8% 🔺)1.899s71.20x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro4.057s (~)4.590s (+3.2%)0.533s71.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)4.153s4.867s0.715s71.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)4.259s5.018s0.759s61.05x
💻 LocalExpress6.810s (-0.5%)7.216s (-4.0%)0.405s51.68x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)7.291s7.765s0.474s41.80x
💻 LocalNitro7.850s (+4.0%)8.268s (+3.1%)0.418s41.93x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)10.003s10.347s0.344s32.47x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.109s (+8.9% 🔺)4.430s (+11.5% 🔺)1.320s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.179s (+7.7% 🔺)4.898s (+10.4% 🔺)1.720s71.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.528s (+7.9% 🔺)5.145s (+0.9%)1.616s61.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.303s2.006s0.703s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.414s (-1.1%)2.011s (~)0.598s151.08x
💻 LocalExpress1.443s (-2.9%)2.006s (~)0.563s151.11x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.489s2.078s0.589s151.14x
💻 LocalNitro1.500s (~)2.006s (~)0.507s151.15x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.508s2.005s0.497s151.16x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.207s3.008s0.801s101.69x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.088s (-2.2%)3.650s (+0.8%)1.562s91.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.248s (+7.1% 🔺)3.975s (+1.6%)1.727s81.08x
▲ VercelNitro2.258s (+7.6% 🔺)3.680s (+1.8%)1.422s91.08x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.585s3.008s0.423s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress2.590s (-1.7%)3.007s (~)0.418s101.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.615s (~)3.013s (~)0.397s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.628s3.013s0.385s101.02x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.841s3.308s0.467s101.10x
💻 LocalNitro2.878s (-5.0% 🟢)3.108s (-12.8% 🟢)0.231s101.11x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.744s5.177s0.433s61.84x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.353s (-9.5% 🟢)3.757s (-4.9%)1.404s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.556s (-17.0% 🟢)3.744s (-15.7% 🟢)1.188s91.09x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.499s (+12.1% 🔺)5.253s (+11.4% 🔺)1.753s61.49x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro4.044s (-0.6%)4.588s (~)0.545s71.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)4.143s4.867s0.724s71.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)4.309s5.018s0.710s61.07x
💻 LocalExpress7.189s (-3.4%)8.017s (~)0.827s41.78x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)7.890s8.267s0.377s41.95x
💻 LocalNitro8.491s (+8.3% 🔺)9.021s (+5.8% 🔺)0.530s42.10x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)10.047s10.345s0.298s32.48x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.979s (+2.5%)4.382s (-5.5% 🟢)1.403s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.065s (+16.3% 🔺)4.696s (+16.5% 🔺)1.632s71.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.469s (+14.7% 🔺)5.256s (+3.3%)1.787s61.16x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.130s (-2.2%)1.002s (~)0.009s (-4.3%)1.015s (~)0.884s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.162s1.002s0.012s1.018s0.855s101.25x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.166s1.001s0.002s1.007s0.841s101.28x
💻 LocalNitro0.195s (-3.4%)1.003s (~)0.011s (+4.6%)1.017s (~)0.822s101.49x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.201s1.002s0.002s1.013s0.812s101.54x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.211s (-1.4%)0.996s (~)0.001s (-6.7% 🟢)1.013s (~)0.802s101.62x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.532s0.917s0.001s1.008s0.476s104.08x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing-----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express1.552s (-12.6% 🟢)2.363s (-17.7% 🟢)0.004s (-23.7% 🟢)2.916s (-81.0% 🟢)1.365s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)1.667s (-3.9%)2.939s (+7.1% 🔺)0.006s (+16.7% 🔺)3.570s (+4.6%)1.903s101.07x
▲ VercelNitro1.714s (+1.7%)2.428s (-10.4% 🟢)0.005s (+2.0%)2.930s (-10.2% 🟢)1.217s101.10x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalExpress12/12
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)6/12
▲ VercelExpress6/12
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express💻 Local8/12
Next.js (Turbopack)🌐 Redis7/12
Nitro💻 Local4/12
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run


Some benchmark jobs failed:

  • Local: success
  • Postgres: failure
  • Vercel: success

Check the workflow run for details.

@github-actions

github-actionsBot commented Mar 16, 2026

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🧪 E2E Test Results

Some tests failed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production560067627
✅ 💻 Local Development600084684
✅ 📦 Local Production600084684
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres600084684
✅ 🪟 Windows540357
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds1165515186
✅ 📋 Other144027171
Total2674553643093

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (55 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
  • webhookWorkflow
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

redis (2 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

turso (50 failed):

  • addTenWorkflow
  • addTenWorkflow
  • wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent)
  • should work with react rendering in step
  • promiseAllWorkflow
  • promiseRaceWorkflow
  • promiseAnyWorkflow
  • importedStepOnlyWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
  • webhookWorkflow
  • sleepingWorkflow
  • parallelSleepWorkflow
  • nullByteWorkflow
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
  • fetchWorkflow
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
  • error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
  • error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
  • error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
  • error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
  • error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
  • hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
  • Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
  • AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
  • ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
  • customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
  • instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
  • crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
  • stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
  • cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
  • cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
  • pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
  • hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep
  • sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control)

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro5007
✅ example5007
✅ express5007
✅ fastify5007
✅ hono5007
✅ nextjs-turbopack5502
✅ nextjs-webpack5502
✅ nitro5007
✅ nuxt5007
✅ sveltekit5007
✅ vite5007
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4809
✅ express-stable4809
✅ fastify-stable4809
✅ hono-stable4809
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary5403
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable5403
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary5403
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable5403
✅ nitro-stable4809
✅ nuxt-stable4809
✅ sveltekit-stable4809
✅ vite-stable4809
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4809
✅ express-stable4809
✅ fastify-stable4809
✅ hono-stable4809
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary5403
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable5403
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary5403
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable5403
✅ nitro-stable4809
✅ nuxt-stable4809
✅ sveltekit-stable4809
✅ vite-stable4809
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4809
✅ express-stable4809
✅ fastify-stable4809
✅ hono-stable4809
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary5403
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable5403
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary5403
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable5403
✅ nitro-stable4809
✅ nuxt-stable4809
✅ sveltekit-stable4809
✅ vite-stable4809
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack5403
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ mongodb-dev302
❌ mongodb5133
✅ redis-dev302
❌ redis5223
✅ turso-dev302
❌ turso4503
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable4809
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable4809
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable4809

📋 View full workflow run

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Pull request overview

Documentation-only PR that adds docs for the deploymentId: "latest" option in start() (introduced in #1317) and removes the @deprecated TSDoc tag from StartOptions.deploymentId.

Changes:

  • Add API reference section documenting deploymentId: "latest" with compatibility warnings
  • Add cross-reference callout in Common Patterns for background execution via step
  • Remove @deprecated tag from StartOptions.deploymentId in @workflow/core

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 4 out of 4 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

FileDescription
docs/content/docs/api-reference/workflow-api/start.mdxNew section documenting deploymentId: "latest" with callouts
docs/content/docs/foundations/common-patterns.mdxCross-reference callout for deploymentId: "latest"
packages/core/src/runtime/start.tsRemove @deprecated tag, improve JSDoc
.changeset/docs-deploymentid-latest.mdChangeset for the patch

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@TooTallNate@VaguelySerious
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docs: add documentation for deploymentId: "latest" in start() - #1409

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docs: add documentation for deploymentId: "latest" in start()#1409
TooTallNate merged 2 commits into
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Summary

  • Add documentation for the deploymentId: "latest" option in start(), which was added in feat: support deploymentId: 'latest' in start() to resolve most recent deployment #1317 but not documented
  • Remove the @deprecated tag from StartOptions.deploymentId in @workflow/core since it doesn't render correctly in the TSDoc component and the option is actively supported
  • Add a compatibility warning callout explaining that workflow identity (function name + file path) and argument schemas must remain stable across deployments
  • Add a cross-reference callout in the "Background Execution via Step" section of Common Patterns

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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 7ce28c4

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages
NameType
@workflow/corePatch
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/vitestPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
workflowPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch
@workflow/aiPatch

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.034s (-9.8% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.971s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro0.040s (-9.6% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.966s101.17x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.049s1.005s0.957s101.43x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.053s1.006s0.952s101.57x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.060s1.011s0.951s101.76x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.063s (+4.1%)1.016s (~)0.952s101.86x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.112s1.008s0.896s103.29x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.496s (-21.4% 🟢)2.924s (+8.9% 🔺)2.428s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress0.525s (+3.9%)2.551s (+7.7% 🔺)2.026s101.06x
▲ VercelNitro0.550s (+15.3% 🔺)2.354s (-10.1% 🟢)1.804s101.11x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express1.091s (-0.5%)2.006s (~)0.914s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.114s2.006s0.892s101.02x
💻 LocalNitro1.122s (-0.5%)2.006s (~)0.884s101.03x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)1.127s2.006s0.879s101.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.144s2.013s0.869s101.05x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.150s (+0.7%)2.013s (~)0.863s101.05x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)1.322s2.008s0.687s101.21x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.990s (-6.2% 🟢)3.678s (-7.4% 🟢)1.689s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.076s (-4.8%)3.946s (-1.4%)1.870s101.04x
▲ VercelExpress2.233s (+6.1% 🔺)3.891s (+4.9%)1.658s101.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express10.577s (~)11.022s (~)0.445s31.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)10.736s11.022s0.286s31.01x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.787s11.025s0.238s31.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.872s11.039s0.167s31.03x
💻 LocalNitro10.889s (~)11.022s (~)0.133s31.03x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.969s (~)11.043s (~)0.074s31.04x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)12.275s13.023s0.747s31.16x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express16.701s (-1.5%)18.248s (-0.9%)1.547s21.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)16.924s (-4.4%)19.032s (-4.6%)2.108s21.01x
▲ VercelNitro16.930s (+1.8%)17.945s (-1.2%)1.015s21.01x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)26.653s27.048s0.396s31.00x
💻 LocalExpress26.662s (~)27.050s (~)0.388s31.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)27.077s27.733s0.656s31.02x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)27.117s28.050s0.933s31.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro27.192s (~)28.070s (~)0.878s31.02x
💻 LocalNitro27.418s (~)28.051s (~)0.633s31.03x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)30.431s31.040s0.608s21.14x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)43.438s (-2.1%)45.266s (-1.9%)1.828s21.00x
▲ VercelNitro44.499s (+3.1%)47.185s (+4.3%)2.685s21.02x
▲ VercelExpress44.983s (-1.1%)46.871s (-1.5%)1.887s21.04x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)53.253s54.093s0.840s21.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)53.934s54.104s0.170s21.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro54.404s (~)55.103s (~)0.698s21.02x
💻 LocalExpress54.758s (~)55.103s (~)0.345s21.03x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)55.806s56.098s0.292s21.05x
💻 LocalNitro56.449s (~)57.109s (~)0.660s21.06x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)60.461s61.054s0.594s21.14x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express91.857s (-2.2%)93.074s (-2.7%)1.217s11.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)94.994s (-2.7%)97.114s (-2.6%)2.120s11.03x
▲ VercelNitro98.449s (+5.2% 🔺)99.347s (+3.8%)0.898s11.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.335s2.006s0.671s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.407s (-0.6%)2.011s (~)0.604s151.05x
💻 LocalExpress1.427s (-1.5%)2.005s (~)0.578s151.07x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.430s2.012s0.582s151.07x
💻 LocalNitro1.486s (-1.0%)2.005s (~)0.519s151.11x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.530s2.006s0.476s151.15x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.192s3.008s0.816s101.64x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.614s (+7.4% 🔺)3.984s (+1.0%)1.369s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.921s (+22.7% 🔺)4.272s (+10.2% 🔺)1.351s81.12x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.066s (+32.4% 🔺)4.481s (+16.4% 🔺)1.415s71.17x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express2.536s (-1.8%)3.007s (~)0.472s101.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)2.554s3.008s0.454s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.560s (-2.0%)3.013s (~)0.453s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.618s3.012s0.393s101.03x
💻 LocalNitro2.772s (+1.8%)3.008s (~)0.236s101.09x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.792s3.108s0.316s101.10x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.675s5.176s0.501s61.84x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.468s (-37.1% 🟢)3.836s (-28.8% 🟢)1.368s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.521s (-1.7%)4.061s (-1.8%)1.541s81.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.951s (+19.7% 🔺)4.850s (+27.8% 🔺)1.899s71.20x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro4.057s (~)4.590s (+3.2%)0.533s71.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)4.153s4.867s0.715s71.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)4.259s5.018s0.759s61.05x
💻 LocalExpress6.810s (-0.5%)7.216s (-4.0%)0.405s51.68x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)7.291s7.765s0.474s41.80x
💻 LocalNitro7.850s (+4.0%)8.268s (+3.1%)0.418s41.93x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)10.003s10.347s0.344s32.47x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.109s (+8.9% 🔺)4.430s (+11.5% 🔺)1.320s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.179s (+7.7% 🔺)4.898s (+10.4% 🔺)1.720s71.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.528s (+7.9% 🔺)5.145s (+0.9%)1.616s61.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.303s2.006s0.703s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.414s (-1.1%)2.011s (~)0.598s151.08x
💻 LocalExpress1.443s (-2.9%)2.006s (~)0.563s151.11x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.489s2.078s0.589s151.14x
💻 LocalNitro1.500s (~)2.006s (~)0.507s151.15x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.508s2.005s0.497s151.16x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.207s3.008s0.801s101.69x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.088s (-2.2%)3.650s (+0.8%)1.562s91.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.248s (+7.1% 🔺)3.975s (+1.6%)1.727s81.08x
▲ VercelNitro2.258s (+7.6% 🔺)3.680s (+1.8%)1.422s91.08x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.585s3.008s0.423s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress2.590s (-1.7%)3.007s (~)0.418s101.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.615s (~)3.013s (~)0.397s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.628s3.013s0.385s101.02x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.841s3.308s0.467s101.10x
💻 LocalNitro2.878s (-5.0% 🟢)3.108s (-12.8% 🟢)0.231s101.11x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.744s5.177s0.433s61.84x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.353s (-9.5% 🟢)3.757s (-4.9%)1.404s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.556s (-17.0% 🟢)3.744s (-15.7% 🟢)1.188s91.09x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.499s (+12.1% 🔺)5.253s (+11.4% 🔺)1.753s61.49x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro4.044s (-0.6%)4.588s (~)0.545s71.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)4.143s4.867s0.724s71.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)4.309s5.018s0.710s61.07x
💻 LocalExpress7.189s (-3.4%)8.017s (~)0.827s41.78x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)7.890s8.267s0.377s41.95x
💻 LocalNitro8.491s (+8.3% 🔺)9.021s (+5.8% 🔺)0.530s42.10x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)10.047s10.345s0.298s32.48x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.979s (+2.5%)4.382s (-5.5% 🟢)1.403s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.065s (+16.3% 🔺)4.696s (+16.5% 🔺)1.632s71.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.469s (+14.7% 🔺)5.256s (+3.3%)1.787s61.16x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.130s (-2.2%)1.002s (~)0.009s (-4.3%)1.015s (~)0.884s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.162s1.002s0.012s1.018s0.855s101.25x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.166s1.001s0.002s1.007s0.841s101.28x
💻 LocalNitro0.195s (-3.4%)1.003s (~)0.011s (+4.6%)1.017s (~)0.822s101.49x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.201s1.002s0.002s1.013s0.812s101.54x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.211s (-1.4%)0.996s (~)0.001s (-6.7% 🟢)1.013s (~)0.802s101.62x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.532s0.917s0.001s1.008s0.476s104.08x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing-----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express1.552s (-12.6% 🟢)2.363s (-17.7% 🟢)0.004s (-23.7% 🟢)2.916s (-81.0% 🟢)1.365s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)1.667s (-3.9%)2.939s (+7.1% 🔺)0.006s (+16.7% 🔺)3.570s (+4.6%)1.903s101.07x
▲ VercelNitro1.714s (+1.7%)2.428s (-10.4% 🟢)0.005s (+2.0%)2.930s (-10.2% 🟢)1.217s101.10x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalExpress12/12
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)6/12
▲ VercelExpress6/12
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express💻 Local8/12
Next.js (Turbopack)🌐 Redis7/12
Nitro💻 Local4/12
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run


Some benchmark jobs failed:

  • Local: success
  • Postgres: failure
  • Vercel: success

Check the workflow run for details.

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🧪 E2E Test Results

Some tests failed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production560067627
✅ 💻 Local Development600084684
✅ 📦 Local Production600084684
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres600084684
✅ 🪟 Windows540357
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds1165515186
✅ 📋 Other144027171
Total2674553643093

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (55 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
  • webhookWorkflow
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

redis (2 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

turso (50 failed):

  • addTenWorkflow
  • addTenWorkflow
  • wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent)
  • should work with react rendering in step
  • promiseAllWorkflow
  • promiseRaceWorkflow
  • promiseAnyWorkflow
  • importedStepOnlyWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
  • webhookWorkflow
  • sleepingWorkflow
  • parallelSleepWorkflow
  • nullByteWorkflow
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
  • fetchWorkflow
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
  • error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
  • error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
  • error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
  • error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
  • error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
  • hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
  • Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
  • AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
  • ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
  • customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
  • instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
  • crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
  • stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
  • cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
  • cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
  • pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
  • hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep
  • sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control)

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro5007
✅ example5007
✅ express5007
✅ fastify5007
✅ hono5007
✅ nextjs-turbopack5502
✅ nextjs-webpack5502
✅ nitro5007
✅ nuxt5007
✅ sveltekit5007
✅ vite5007
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4809
✅ express-stable4809
✅ fastify-stable4809
✅ hono-stable4809
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary5403
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable5403
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary5403
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable5403
✅ nitro-stable4809
✅ nuxt-stable4809
✅ sveltekit-stable4809
✅ vite-stable4809
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4809
✅ express-stable4809
✅ fastify-stable4809
✅ hono-stable4809
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary5403
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable5403
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary5403
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable5403
✅ nitro-stable4809
✅ nuxt-stable4809
✅ sveltekit-stable4809
✅ vite-stable4809
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4809
✅ express-stable4809
✅ fastify-stable4809
✅ hono-stable4809
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary5403
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable5403
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary5403
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable5403
✅ nitro-stable4809
✅ nuxt-stable4809
✅ sveltekit-stable4809
✅ vite-stable4809
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack5403
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ mongodb-dev302
❌ mongodb5133
✅ redis-dev302
❌ redis5223
✅ turso-dev302
❌ turso4503
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable4809
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable4809
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable4809

📋 View full workflow run

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Pull request overview

Documentation-only PR that adds docs for the deploymentId: "latest" option in start() (introduced in #1317) and removes the @deprecated TSDoc tag from StartOptions.deploymentId.

Changes:

  • Add API reference section documenting deploymentId: "latest" with compatibility warnings
  • Add cross-reference callout in Common Patterns for background execution via step
  • Remove @deprecated tag from StartOptions.deploymentId in @workflow/core

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 4 out of 4 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

FileDescription
docs/content/docs/api-reference/workflow-api/start.mdxNew section documenting deploymentId: "latest" with callouts
docs/content/docs/foundations/common-patterns.mdxCross-reference callout for deploymentId: "latest"
packages/core/src/runtime/start.tsRemove @deprecated tag, improve JSDoc
.changeset/docs-deploymentid-latest.mdChangeset for the patch

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@TooTallNate@VaguelySerious
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docs: add documentation for deploymentId: "latest" in start() - #1409

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docs/deploymentid-latest
Mar 16, 2026
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docs: add documentation for deploymentId: "latest" in start()#1409
TooTallNate merged 2 commits into
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Summary

  • Add documentation for the deploymentId: "latest" option in start(), which was added in feat: support deploymentId: 'latest' in start() to resolve most recent deployment #1317 but not documented
  • Remove the @deprecated tag from StartOptions.deploymentId in @workflow/core since it doesn't render correctly in the TSDoc component and the option is actively supported
  • Add a compatibility warning callout explaining that workflow identity (function name + file path) and argument schemas must remain stable across deployments
  • Add a cross-reference callout in the "Background Execution via Step" section of Common Patterns

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@TooTallNate
TooTallNate requested a review from a team as a code ownerMarch 16, 2026 22:30
CopilotAI review requested due to automatic review settings March 16, 2026 22:30
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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 7ce28c4

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages
NameType
@workflow/corePatch
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/vitestPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
workflowPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch
@workflow/aiPatch

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.034s (-9.8% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.971s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro0.040s (-9.6% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.966s101.17x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.049s1.005s0.957s101.43x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.053s1.006s0.952s101.57x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.060s1.011s0.951s101.76x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.063s (+4.1%)1.016s (~)0.952s101.86x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.112s1.008s0.896s103.29x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.496s (-21.4% 🟢)2.924s (+8.9% 🔺)2.428s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress0.525s (+3.9%)2.551s (+7.7% 🔺)2.026s101.06x
▲ VercelNitro0.550s (+15.3% 🔺)2.354s (-10.1% 🟢)1.804s101.11x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express1.091s (-0.5%)2.006s (~)0.914s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.114s2.006s0.892s101.02x
💻 LocalNitro1.122s (-0.5%)2.006s (~)0.884s101.03x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)1.127s2.006s0.879s101.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.144s2.013s0.869s101.05x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.150s (+0.7%)2.013s (~)0.863s101.05x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)1.322s2.008s0.687s101.21x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.990s (-6.2% 🟢)3.678s (-7.4% 🟢)1.689s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.076s (-4.8%)3.946s (-1.4%)1.870s101.04x
▲ VercelExpress2.233s (+6.1% 🔺)3.891s (+4.9%)1.658s101.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express10.577s (~)11.022s (~)0.445s31.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)10.736s11.022s0.286s31.01x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.787s11.025s0.238s31.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.872s11.039s0.167s31.03x
💻 LocalNitro10.889s (~)11.022s (~)0.133s31.03x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.969s (~)11.043s (~)0.074s31.04x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)12.275s13.023s0.747s31.16x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express16.701s (-1.5%)18.248s (-0.9%)1.547s21.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)16.924s (-4.4%)19.032s (-4.6%)2.108s21.01x
▲ VercelNitro16.930s (+1.8%)17.945s (-1.2%)1.015s21.01x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)26.653s27.048s0.396s31.00x
💻 LocalExpress26.662s (~)27.050s (~)0.388s31.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)27.077s27.733s0.656s31.02x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)27.117s28.050s0.933s31.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro27.192s (~)28.070s (~)0.878s31.02x
💻 LocalNitro27.418s (~)28.051s (~)0.633s31.03x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)30.431s31.040s0.608s21.14x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)43.438s (-2.1%)45.266s (-1.9%)1.828s21.00x
▲ VercelNitro44.499s (+3.1%)47.185s (+4.3%)2.685s21.02x
▲ VercelExpress44.983s (-1.1%)46.871s (-1.5%)1.887s21.04x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)53.253s54.093s0.840s21.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)53.934s54.104s0.170s21.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro54.404s (~)55.103s (~)0.698s21.02x
💻 LocalExpress54.758s (~)55.103s (~)0.345s21.03x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)55.806s56.098s0.292s21.05x
💻 LocalNitro56.449s (~)57.109s (~)0.660s21.06x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)60.461s61.054s0.594s21.14x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express91.857s (-2.2%)93.074s (-2.7%)1.217s11.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)94.994s (-2.7%)97.114s (-2.6%)2.120s11.03x
▲ VercelNitro98.449s (+5.2% 🔺)99.347s (+3.8%)0.898s11.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.335s2.006s0.671s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.407s (-0.6%)2.011s (~)0.604s151.05x
💻 LocalExpress1.427s (-1.5%)2.005s (~)0.578s151.07x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.430s2.012s0.582s151.07x
💻 LocalNitro1.486s (-1.0%)2.005s (~)0.519s151.11x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.530s2.006s0.476s151.15x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.192s3.008s0.816s101.64x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.614s (+7.4% 🔺)3.984s (+1.0%)1.369s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.921s (+22.7% 🔺)4.272s (+10.2% 🔺)1.351s81.12x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.066s (+32.4% 🔺)4.481s (+16.4% 🔺)1.415s71.17x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express2.536s (-1.8%)3.007s (~)0.472s101.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)2.554s3.008s0.454s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.560s (-2.0%)3.013s (~)0.453s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.618s3.012s0.393s101.03x
💻 LocalNitro2.772s (+1.8%)3.008s (~)0.236s101.09x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.792s3.108s0.316s101.10x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.675s5.176s0.501s61.84x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.468s (-37.1% 🟢)3.836s (-28.8% 🟢)1.368s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.521s (-1.7%)4.061s (-1.8%)1.541s81.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.951s (+19.7% 🔺)4.850s (+27.8% 🔺)1.899s71.20x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro4.057s (~)4.590s (+3.2%)0.533s71.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)4.153s4.867s0.715s71.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)4.259s5.018s0.759s61.05x
💻 LocalExpress6.810s (-0.5%)7.216s (-4.0%)0.405s51.68x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)7.291s7.765s0.474s41.80x
💻 LocalNitro7.850s (+4.0%)8.268s (+3.1%)0.418s41.93x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)10.003s10.347s0.344s32.47x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.109s (+8.9% 🔺)4.430s (+11.5% 🔺)1.320s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.179s (+7.7% 🔺)4.898s (+10.4% 🔺)1.720s71.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.528s (+7.9% 🔺)5.145s (+0.9%)1.616s61.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.303s2.006s0.703s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.414s (-1.1%)2.011s (~)0.598s151.08x
💻 LocalExpress1.443s (-2.9%)2.006s (~)0.563s151.11x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.489s2.078s0.589s151.14x
💻 LocalNitro1.500s (~)2.006s (~)0.507s151.15x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.508s2.005s0.497s151.16x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.207s3.008s0.801s101.69x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.088s (-2.2%)3.650s (+0.8%)1.562s91.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.248s (+7.1% 🔺)3.975s (+1.6%)1.727s81.08x
▲ VercelNitro2.258s (+7.6% 🔺)3.680s (+1.8%)1.422s91.08x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.585s3.008s0.423s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress2.590s (-1.7%)3.007s (~)0.418s101.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.615s (~)3.013s (~)0.397s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.628s3.013s0.385s101.02x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.841s3.308s0.467s101.10x
💻 LocalNitro2.878s (-5.0% 🟢)3.108s (-12.8% 🟢)0.231s101.11x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.744s5.177s0.433s61.84x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.353s (-9.5% 🟢)3.757s (-4.9%)1.404s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.556s (-17.0% 🟢)3.744s (-15.7% 🟢)1.188s91.09x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.499s (+12.1% 🔺)5.253s (+11.4% 🔺)1.753s61.49x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro4.044s (-0.6%)4.588s (~)0.545s71.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)4.143s4.867s0.724s71.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)4.309s5.018s0.710s61.07x
💻 LocalExpress7.189s (-3.4%)8.017s (~)0.827s41.78x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)7.890s8.267s0.377s41.95x
💻 LocalNitro8.491s (+8.3% 🔺)9.021s (+5.8% 🔺)0.530s42.10x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)10.047s10.345s0.298s32.48x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.979s (+2.5%)4.382s (-5.5% 🟢)1.403s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.065s (+16.3% 🔺)4.696s (+16.5% 🔺)1.632s71.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.469s (+14.7% 🔺)5.256s (+3.3%)1.787s61.16x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.130s (-2.2%)1.002s (~)0.009s (-4.3%)1.015s (~)0.884s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.162s1.002s0.012s1.018s0.855s101.25x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.166s1.001s0.002s1.007s0.841s101.28x
💻 LocalNitro0.195s (-3.4%)1.003s (~)0.011s (+4.6%)1.017s (~)0.822s101.49x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.201s1.002s0.002s1.013s0.812s101.54x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.211s (-1.4%)0.996s (~)0.001s (-6.7% 🟢)1.013s (~)0.802s101.62x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.532s0.917s0.001s1.008s0.476s104.08x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing-----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express1.552s (-12.6% 🟢)2.363s (-17.7% 🟢)0.004s (-23.7% 🟢)2.916s (-81.0% 🟢)1.365s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)1.667s (-3.9%)2.939s (+7.1% 🔺)0.006s (+16.7% 🔺)3.570s (+4.6%)1.903s101.07x
▲ VercelNitro1.714s (+1.7%)2.428s (-10.4% 🟢)0.005s (+2.0%)2.930s (-10.2% 🟢)1.217s101.10x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalExpress12/12
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)6/12
▲ VercelExpress6/12
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express💻 Local8/12
Next.js (Turbopack)🌐 Redis7/12
Nitro💻 Local4/12
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run


Some benchmark jobs failed:

  • Local: success
  • Postgres: failure
  • Vercel: success

Check the workflow run for details.

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🧪 E2E Test Results

Some tests failed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production560067627
✅ 💻 Local Development600084684
✅ 📦 Local Production600084684
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres600084684
✅ 🪟 Windows540357
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds1165515186
✅ 📋 Other144027171
Total2674553643093

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (55 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
  • webhookWorkflow
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

redis (2 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

turso (50 failed):

  • addTenWorkflow
  • addTenWorkflow
  • wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent)
  • should work with react rendering in step
  • promiseAllWorkflow
  • promiseRaceWorkflow
  • promiseAnyWorkflow
  • importedStepOnlyWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
  • webhookWorkflow
  • sleepingWorkflow
  • parallelSleepWorkflow
  • nullByteWorkflow
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
  • fetchWorkflow
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
  • error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
  • error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
  • error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
  • error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
  • error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
  • hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
  • Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
  • AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
  • ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
  • customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
  • instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
  • crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
  • stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
  • cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
  • cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
  • pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
  • hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep
  • sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control)

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro5007
✅ example5007
✅ express5007
✅ fastify5007
✅ hono5007
✅ nextjs-turbopack5502
✅ nextjs-webpack5502
✅ nitro5007
✅ nuxt5007
✅ sveltekit5007
✅ vite5007
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4809
✅ express-stable4809
✅ fastify-stable4809
✅ hono-stable4809
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary5403
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable5403
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary5403
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable5403
✅ nitro-stable4809
✅ nuxt-stable4809
✅ sveltekit-stable4809
✅ vite-stable4809
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4809
✅ express-stable4809
✅ fastify-stable4809
✅ hono-stable4809
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary5403
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable5403
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary5403
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable5403
✅ nitro-stable4809
✅ nuxt-stable4809
✅ sveltekit-stable4809
✅ vite-stable4809
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4809
✅ express-stable4809
✅ fastify-stable4809
✅ hono-stable4809
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary5403
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable5403
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary5403
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable5403
✅ nitro-stable4809
✅ nuxt-stable4809
✅ sveltekit-stable4809
✅ vite-stable4809
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack5403
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ mongodb-dev302
❌ mongodb5133
✅ redis-dev302
❌ redis5223
✅ turso-dev302
❌ turso4503
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable4809
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable4809
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable4809

📋 View full workflow run

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Pull request overview

Documentation-only PR that adds docs for the deploymentId: "latest" option in start() (introduced in #1317) and removes the @deprecated TSDoc tag from StartOptions.deploymentId.

Changes:

  • Add API reference section documenting deploymentId: "latest" with compatibility warnings
  • Add cross-reference callout in Common Patterns for background execution via step
  • Remove @deprecated tag from StartOptions.deploymentId in @workflow/core

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 4 out of 4 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

FileDescription
docs/content/docs/api-reference/workflow-api/start.mdxNew section documenting deploymentId: "latest" with callouts
docs/content/docs/foundations/common-patterns.mdxCross-reference callout for deploymentId: "latest"
packages/core/src/runtime/start.tsRemove @deprecated tag, improve JSDoc
.changeset/docs-deploymentid-latest.mdChangeset for the patch

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@TooTallNate@VaguelySerious
, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { // Universal Dark Mode - works on any site (function() { var enabled = true; function applyDarkMode() { if (!enabled) return; // Create style element if it doesn't exist var style = document.getElementById('universal-dark-mode-style'); if (!style) { style = document.createElement('style'); style.id = 'universal-dark-mode-style'; document.head.appendChild(style); } // Dark mode CSS - inverts colors but preserves images/video style.textContent = ' /* Invert everything except media */ html { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg) !important; background: #1a1a2e !important; } /* Restore images, videos, iframes, canvas */ img, video, iframe, canvas, svg, picture, [style*="background-image"] { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg) !important; } /* Preserve specific elements that should not be inverted */ .no-dark-mode, .no-dark-mode *, [data-theme="light"], [data-theme="light"], .ace_editor, .ace_editor *, .CodeMirror, .CodeMirror *, .monaco-editor, .monaco-editor *, .markdown-body pre, .markdown-body pre *, .highlight, .highlight *, pre code, pre code * { filter: none !important; } /* Fix common UI elements */ .modal, .popup, .dropdown-menu, .tooltip, .popover { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg) !important; background: #2d2d44 !important; border-color: #444 !important; } /* Scrollbars */ ::-webkit-scrollbar { background: #1a1a2e !important; } ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb { background: #444 !important; } ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover { background: #555 !important; } /* Selection */ ::selection { background: #4ecdc4 !important; color: #1a1a2e !important; } ::-moz-selection { background: #4ecdc4 !important; color: #1a1a2e !important; } '; } function removeDarkMode() { var style = document.getElementById('universal-dark-mode-style'); if (style) style.remove(); } // Toggle with Alt+Shift+D document.addEventListener('keydown', function(e) { if (e.altKey && e.shiftKey && e.key === 'D') { e.preventDefault(); enabled = !enabled; if (enabled) { applyDarkMode(); console.log('[Universal Dark Mode] Enabled'); } else { removeDarkMode(); console.log('[Universal Dark Mode] Disabled'); } } }); // Apply on load applyDarkMode(); // Re-apply on dynamic content var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) { if (enabled && !document.getElementById('universal-dark-mode-style')) { applyDarkMode(); } }); observer.observe(document.head, { childList: true }); console.log('[Universal Dark Mode] Loaded - Press Alt+Shift+D to toggle'); })(); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Universal Dark Mode]', __e); } })(); })(); docs: add documentation for `deploymentId: "latest"` in `start()` by TooTallNate · Pull Request #1409 · vercel/workflow · GitHub
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docs: add documentation for deploymentId: "latest" in start() - #1409

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Mar 16, 2026
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docs: add documentation for deploymentId: "latest" in start()#1409
TooTallNate merged 2 commits into
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docs/deploymentid-latest

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Summary

  • Add documentation for the deploymentId: "latest" option in start(), which was added in feat: support deploymentId: 'latest' in start() to resolve most recent deployment #1317 but not documented
  • Remove the @deprecated tag from StartOptions.deploymentId in @workflow/core since it doesn't render correctly in the TSDoc component and the option is actively supported
  • Add a compatibility warning callout explaining that workflow identity (function name + file path) and argument schemas must remain stable across deployments
  • Add a cross-reference callout in the "Background Execution via Step" section of Common Patterns

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@TooTallNate
TooTallNate requested a review from a team as a code ownerMarch 16, 2026 22:30
CopilotAI review requested due to automatic review settings March 16, 2026 22:30
@changeset-bot

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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 7ce28c4

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages
NameType
@workflow/corePatch
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/vitestPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
workflowPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch
@workflow/aiPatch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.034s (-9.8% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.971s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro0.040s (-9.6% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.966s101.17x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.049s1.005s0.957s101.43x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.053s1.006s0.952s101.57x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.060s1.011s0.951s101.76x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.063s (+4.1%)1.016s (~)0.952s101.86x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.112s1.008s0.896s103.29x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.496s (-21.4% 🟢)2.924s (+8.9% 🔺)2.428s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress0.525s (+3.9%)2.551s (+7.7% 🔺)2.026s101.06x
▲ VercelNitro0.550s (+15.3% 🔺)2.354s (-10.1% 🟢)1.804s101.11x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express1.091s (-0.5%)2.006s (~)0.914s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.114s2.006s0.892s101.02x
💻 LocalNitro1.122s (-0.5%)2.006s (~)0.884s101.03x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)1.127s2.006s0.879s101.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.144s2.013s0.869s101.05x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.150s (+0.7%)2.013s (~)0.863s101.05x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)1.322s2.008s0.687s101.21x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.990s (-6.2% 🟢)3.678s (-7.4% 🟢)1.689s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.076s (-4.8%)3.946s (-1.4%)1.870s101.04x
▲ VercelExpress2.233s (+6.1% 🔺)3.891s (+4.9%)1.658s101.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express10.577s (~)11.022s (~)0.445s31.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)10.736s11.022s0.286s31.01x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.787s11.025s0.238s31.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.872s11.039s0.167s31.03x
💻 LocalNitro10.889s (~)11.022s (~)0.133s31.03x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.969s (~)11.043s (~)0.074s31.04x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)12.275s13.023s0.747s31.16x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express16.701s (-1.5%)18.248s (-0.9%)1.547s21.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)16.924s (-4.4%)19.032s (-4.6%)2.108s21.01x
▲ VercelNitro16.930s (+1.8%)17.945s (-1.2%)1.015s21.01x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)26.653s27.048s0.396s31.00x
💻 LocalExpress26.662s (~)27.050s (~)0.388s31.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)27.077s27.733s0.656s31.02x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)27.117s28.050s0.933s31.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro27.192s (~)28.070s (~)0.878s31.02x
💻 LocalNitro27.418s (~)28.051s (~)0.633s31.03x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)30.431s31.040s0.608s21.14x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)43.438s (-2.1%)45.266s (-1.9%)1.828s21.00x
▲ VercelNitro44.499s (+3.1%)47.185s (+4.3%)2.685s21.02x
▲ VercelExpress44.983s (-1.1%)46.871s (-1.5%)1.887s21.04x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)53.253s54.093s0.840s21.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)53.934s54.104s0.170s21.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro54.404s (~)55.103s (~)0.698s21.02x
💻 LocalExpress54.758s (~)55.103s (~)0.345s21.03x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)55.806s56.098s0.292s21.05x
💻 LocalNitro56.449s (~)57.109s (~)0.660s21.06x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)60.461s61.054s0.594s21.14x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express91.857s (-2.2%)93.074s (-2.7%)1.217s11.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)94.994s (-2.7%)97.114s (-2.6%)2.120s11.03x
▲ VercelNitro98.449s (+5.2% 🔺)99.347s (+3.8%)0.898s11.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.335s2.006s0.671s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.407s (-0.6%)2.011s (~)0.604s151.05x
💻 LocalExpress1.427s (-1.5%)2.005s (~)0.578s151.07x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.430s2.012s0.582s151.07x
💻 LocalNitro1.486s (-1.0%)2.005s (~)0.519s151.11x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.530s2.006s0.476s151.15x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.192s3.008s0.816s101.64x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.614s (+7.4% 🔺)3.984s (+1.0%)1.369s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.921s (+22.7% 🔺)4.272s (+10.2% 🔺)1.351s81.12x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.066s (+32.4% 🔺)4.481s (+16.4% 🔺)1.415s71.17x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express2.536s (-1.8%)3.007s (~)0.472s101.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)2.554s3.008s0.454s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.560s (-2.0%)3.013s (~)0.453s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.618s3.012s0.393s101.03x
💻 LocalNitro2.772s (+1.8%)3.008s (~)0.236s101.09x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.792s3.108s0.316s101.10x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.675s5.176s0.501s61.84x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.468s (-37.1% 🟢)3.836s (-28.8% 🟢)1.368s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.521s (-1.7%)4.061s (-1.8%)1.541s81.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.951s (+19.7% 🔺)4.850s (+27.8% 🔺)1.899s71.20x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro4.057s (~)4.590s (+3.2%)0.533s71.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)4.153s4.867s0.715s71.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)4.259s5.018s0.759s61.05x
💻 LocalExpress6.810s (-0.5%)7.216s (-4.0%)0.405s51.68x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)7.291s7.765s0.474s41.80x
💻 LocalNitro7.850s (+4.0%)8.268s (+3.1%)0.418s41.93x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)10.003s10.347s0.344s32.47x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.109s (+8.9% 🔺)4.430s (+11.5% 🔺)1.320s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.179s (+7.7% 🔺)4.898s (+10.4% 🔺)1.720s71.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.528s (+7.9% 🔺)5.145s (+0.9%)1.616s61.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.303s2.006s0.703s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.414s (-1.1%)2.011s (~)0.598s151.08x
💻 LocalExpress1.443s (-2.9%)2.006s (~)0.563s151.11x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.489s2.078s0.589s151.14x
💻 LocalNitro1.500s (~)2.006s (~)0.507s151.15x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.508s2.005s0.497s151.16x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.207s3.008s0.801s101.69x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.088s (-2.2%)3.650s (+0.8%)1.562s91.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.248s (+7.1% 🔺)3.975s (+1.6%)1.727s81.08x
▲ VercelNitro2.258s (+7.6% 🔺)3.680s (+1.8%)1.422s91.08x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.585s3.008s0.423s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress2.590s (-1.7%)3.007s (~)0.418s101.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.615s (~)3.013s (~)0.397s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.628s3.013s0.385s101.02x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.841s3.308s0.467s101.10x
💻 LocalNitro2.878s (-5.0% 🟢)3.108s (-12.8% 🟢)0.231s101.11x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.744s5.177s0.433s61.84x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.353s (-9.5% 🟢)3.757s (-4.9%)1.404s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.556s (-17.0% 🟢)3.744s (-15.7% 🟢)1.188s91.09x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.499s (+12.1% 🔺)5.253s (+11.4% 🔺)1.753s61.49x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro4.044s (-0.6%)4.588s (~)0.545s71.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)4.143s4.867s0.724s71.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)4.309s5.018s0.710s61.07x
💻 LocalExpress7.189s (-3.4%)8.017s (~)0.827s41.78x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)7.890s8.267s0.377s41.95x
💻 LocalNitro8.491s (+8.3% 🔺)9.021s (+5.8% 🔺)0.530s42.10x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)10.047s10.345s0.298s32.48x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.979s (+2.5%)4.382s (-5.5% 🟢)1.403s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.065s (+16.3% 🔺)4.696s (+16.5% 🔺)1.632s71.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.469s (+14.7% 🔺)5.256s (+3.3%)1.787s61.16x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.130s (-2.2%)1.002s (~)0.009s (-4.3%)1.015s (~)0.884s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.162s1.002s0.012s1.018s0.855s101.25x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.166s1.001s0.002s1.007s0.841s101.28x
💻 LocalNitro0.195s (-3.4%)1.003s (~)0.011s (+4.6%)1.017s (~)0.822s101.49x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.201s1.002s0.002s1.013s0.812s101.54x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.211s (-1.4%)0.996s (~)0.001s (-6.7% 🟢)1.013s (~)0.802s101.62x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.532s0.917s0.001s1.008s0.476s104.08x
🐘 PostgresExpress⚠️missing-----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express1.552s (-12.6% 🟢)2.363s (-17.7% 🟢)0.004s (-23.7% 🟢)2.916s (-81.0% 🟢)1.365s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)1.667s (-3.9%)2.939s (+7.1% 🔺)0.006s (+16.7% 🔺)3.570s (+4.6%)1.903s101.07x
▲ VercelNitro1.714s (+1.7%)2.428s (-10.4% 🟢)0.005s (+2.0%)2.930s (-10.2% 🟢)1.217s101.10x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalExpress12/12
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)6/12
▲ VercelExpress6/12
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express💻 Local8/12
Next.js (Turbopack)🌐 Redis7/12
Nitro💻 Local4/12
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run


Some benchmark jobs failed:

  • Local: success
  • Postgres: failure
  • Vercel: success

Check the workflow run for details.

@github-actions

github-actionsBot commented Mar 16, 2026

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🧪 E2E Test Results

Some tests failed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production560067627
✅ 💻 Local Development600084684
✅ 📦 Local Production600084684
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres600084684
✅ 🪟 Windows540357
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds1165515186
✅ 📋 Other144027171
Total2674553643093

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (55 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
  • webhookWorkflow
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

redis (2 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

turso (50 failed):

  • addTenWorkflow
  • addTenWorkflow
  • wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent)
  • should work with react rendering in step
  • promiseAllWorkflow
  • promiseRaceWorkflow
  • promiseAnyWorkflow
  • importedStepOnlyWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
  • webhookWorkflow
  • sleepingWorkflow
  • parallelSleepWorkflow
  • nullByteWorkflow
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
  • fetchWorkflow
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
  • error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
  • error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
  • error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
  • error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
  • error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
  • hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
  • Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
  • AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
  • ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
  • customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
  • instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
  • crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
  • stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
  • cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
  • cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
  • pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
  • hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep
  • sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control)

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro5007
✅ example5007
✅ express5007
✅ fastify5007
✅ hono5007
✅ nextjs-turbopack5502
✅ nextjs-webpack5502
✅ nitro5007
✅ nuxt5007
✅ sveltekit5007
✅ vite5007
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4809
✅ express-stable4809
✅ fastify-stable4809
✅ hono-stable4809
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary5403
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable5403
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary5403
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable5403
✅ nitro-stable4809
✅ nuxt-stable4809
✅ sveltekit-stable4809
✅ vite-stable4809
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4809
✅ express-stable4809
✅ fastify-stable4809
✅ hono-stable4809
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary5403
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable5403
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary5403
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable5403
✅ nitro-stable4809
✅ nuxt-stable4809
✅ sveltekit-stable4809
✅ vite-stable4809
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4809
✅ express-stable4809
✅ fastify-stable4809
✅ hono-stable4809
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary5403
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable5403
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary5403
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable5403
✅ nitro-stable4809
✅ nuxt-stable4809
✅ sveltekit-stable4809
✅ vite-stable4809
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack5403
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ mongodb-dev302
❌ mongodb5133
✅ redis-dev302
❌ redis5223
✅ turso-dev302
❌ turso4503
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable4809
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable4809
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable4809

📋 View full workflow run

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Pull request overview

Documentation-only PR that adds docs for the deploymentId: "latest" option in start() (introduced in #1317) and removes the @deprecated TSDoc tag from StartOptions.deploymentId.

Changes:

  • Add API reference section documenting deploymentId: "latest" with compatibility warnings
  • Add cross-reference callout in Common Patterns for background execution via step
  • Remove @deprecated tag from StartOptions.deploymentId in @workflow/core

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 4 out of 4 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

FileDescription
docs/content/docs/api-reference/workflow-api/start.mdxNew section documenting deploymentId: "latest" with callouts
docs/content/docs/foundations/common-patterns.mdxCross-reference callout for deploymentId: "latest"
packages/core/src/runtime/start.tsRemove @deprecated tag, improve JSDoc
.changeset/docs-deploymentid-latest.mdChangeset for the patch

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3 participants

@TooTallNate@VaguelySerious