feat: support deploymentId: 'latest' in start() to resolve most recent deployment

[TooTallNate]

Summary

• Adds optional resolveLatestDeploymentId() method to the World interface for resolving the most recent deployment ID sharing the same environment as the current deployment
• Implements resolveLatestDeploymentId() in world-vercel, which calls GET https://api.vercel.com/v1/workflow/resolve-latest-deployment/{deploymentId} using the current VERCEL_DEPLOYMENT_ID
• Updates start() in @workflow/core to handle the deploymentId: 'latest' sentinel: resolves it via world.resolveLatestDeploymentId() before passing the resolved ID to event creation, queue dispatch, encryption key derivation, and telemetry

Changes

File	Description
packages/world/src/interfaces.ts	Add optional resolveLatestDeploymentId?() to World interface
packages/world-vercel/src/resolve-latest-deployment.ts	New file: API call to resolve latest deployment ID
packages/world-vercel/src/index.ts	Wire resolveLatestDeploymentId into createVercelWorld()
packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts	Handle 'latest' sentinel before encryption/event/queue calls
packages/core/src/runtime/start.test.ts	4 new test cases for 'latest' resolution
packages/world-vercel/src/resolve-latest-deployment.test.ts	7 new test cases for the API call implementation

Test plan

• start() with deploymentId: 'latest' resolves via resolveLatestDeploymentId() and uses the resolved ID for events and queue
• start() with deploymentId: 'latest' throws WorkflowRuntimeError when the world doesn't implement resolveLatestDeploymentId()
• Normal deployment IDs and default (no deploymentId) are unaffected
• API call handles auth fallback (config token → OIDC → VERCEL_TOKEN), HTTP errors, and invalid responses

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 1c298ff

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 20 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
@workflow/world	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/world-local	Patch
@workflow/world-postgres	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workflow-nest	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.033s (+1.2%)	1.005s (~)	0.972s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.034s (+4.0%)	1.006s (~)	0.973s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.042s (+1.7%)	1.006s (~)	0.963s	10	1.29x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.044s (+1.1%)	1.006s (~)	0.962s	10	1.36x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.053s (-7.2% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.958s	10	1.62x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.053s (+4.5%)	1.012s (~)	0.959s	10	1.63x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.054s (+3.6%)	1.011s (~)	0.956s	10	1.67x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.067s (-20.4% 🟢)	1.009s (~)	0.942s	10	2.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.407s (-3.2%)	2.052s (+6.2% 🔺)	1.645s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.459s (-4.8%)	2.099s (-13.6% 🟢)	1.640s	10	1.13x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.650s (+36.9% 🔺)	2.518s (+11.3% 🔺)	1.868s	10	1.60x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.095s (-1.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.911s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.100s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.905s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.103s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.902s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.103s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.904s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.117s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.893s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.123s (~)	2.013s (~)	0.890s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.126s (+0.7%)	2.013s (~)	0.887s	10	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.298s (-1.4%)	2.008s (~)	0.711s	10	1.18x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.931s (-10.8% 🟢)	3.234s (-12.1% 🟢)	1.303s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.010s (-4.9%)	3.331s (+3.2%)	1.322s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.010s (-13.6% 🟢)	3.519s (-7.9% 🟢)	1.508s	10	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.636s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.386s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.693s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.332s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.768s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.253s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	10.783s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.240s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.808s (~)	11.043s (~)	0.235s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.808s (~)	11.040s (~)	0.232s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.851s (~)	11.041s (~)	0.190s	3	1.02x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.271s (~)	13.023s (~)	0.752s	3	1.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	16.564s (-5.6% 🟢)	18.075s (-3.7%)	1.512s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	16.743s (-5.0%)	17.808s (-9.0% 🟢)	1.065s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.785s (+0.5%)	19.231s (-2.3%)	1.446s	2	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	26.509s (~)	27.047s (~)	0.538s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	26.786s (-0.5%)	27.057s (~)	0.271s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	26.921s (~)	27.062s (~)	0.141s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	26.945s (~)	27.057s (~)	0.112s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	27.013s (~)	27.386s (+1.3%)	0.373s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.166s (~)	28.052s (~)	0.886s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	27.233s (~)	28.054s (~)	0.821s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.413s (~)	31.048s (~)	0.635s	2	1.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	44.479s (-0.9%)	45.894s (-1.9%)	1.415s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	44.978s (~)	46.283s (-0.8%)	1.305s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	45.069s (-1.8%)	45.877s (-2.8%)	0.809s	2	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	53.022s (~)	53.091s (-1.9%)	0.069s	2	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	53.582s (~)	54.080s (~)	0.498s	2	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	53.740s (~)	54.094s (~)	0.354s	2	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	53.863s (~)	54.107s (~)	0.244s	2	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	55.609s (~)	56.112s (~)	0.503s	2	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	56.031s (~)	56.097s (-1.8%)	0.066s	2	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	56.224s (~)	57.105s (+0.9%)	0.881s	2	1.06x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	60.294s (-1.0%)	60.594s (-0.8%)	0.301s	2	1.14x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	97.269s (-1.0%)	99.208s (-0.7%)	1.939s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	97.323s (-1.9%)	98.627s (-2.7%)	1.304s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	100.639s (+5.9% 🔺)	102.537s (+6.2% 🔺)	1.898s	1	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.296s (+0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.710s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.356s (-0.9%)	2.012s (~)	0.656s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.359s (+0.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.652s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.396s (+2.1%)	2.010s (~)	0.614s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.408s (+0.6%)	2.005s (~)	0.597s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.417s (+1.0%)	2.006s (~)	0.589s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Express	1.418s (+0.7%)	2.005s (~)	0.588s	15	1.09x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.127s (-0.9%)	3.008s (~)	0.881s	10	1.64x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.407s (-12.3% 🟢)	3.791s (-8.5% 🟢)	1.383s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.680s (+12.3% 🔺)	3.958s (+3.3%)	1.278s	8	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.920s (+29.1% 🔺)	4.045s (+20.5% 🔺)	1.126s	8	1.21x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.052s (+3.1%)	2.599s (~)	0.546s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.080s (+5.7% 🔺)	2.596s (-3.3%)	0.515s	12	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.100s (+1.4%)	2.600s (~)	0.500s	12	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.497s (~)	3.008s (~)	0.511s	10	1.22x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.573s (-5.3% 🟢)	3.008s (~)	0.435s	10	1.25x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.616s (-2.2%)	3.009s (~)	0.393s	10	1.27x
💻 Local	Express	2.698s (+1.0%)	3.008s (~)	0.310s	10	1.31x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.657s (~)	5.179s (~)	0.521s	6	2.27x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.555s (-21.4% 🟢)	3.618s (-21.0% 🟢)	1.063s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.573s (-3.9%)	3.780s (~)	1.207s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.858s (+1.4%)	3.837s (-9.3% 🟢)	0.980s	8	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.576s (-7.1% 🟢)	4.309s (-11.7% 🟢)	0.733s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.677s (+8.9% 🔺)	4.314s (+7.3% 🔺)	0.637s	7	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.752s (+18.4% 🔺)	4.598s (+17.7% 🔺)	0.846s	7	1.05x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.041s (-1.2%)	4.867s (-2.9%)	0.826s	7	1.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.799s (-12.4% 🟢)	7.216s (-15.3% 🟢)	0.416s	5	1.90x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.325s (-7.7% 🟢)	8.018s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.692s	4	2.05x
💻 Local	Express	7.747s (+2.2%)	8.022s (~)	0.275s	4	2.17x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.902s (-1.3%)	10.349s (-3.2%)	0.447s	3	2.77x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.110s (-4.7%)	4.596s (-1.3%)	1.486s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.244s (+0.9%)	4.477s (+5.1% 🔺)	1.233s	7	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.421s (+9.3% 🔺)	4.457s (+2.1%)	1.036s	7	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.250s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.757s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.358s (-1.4%)	2.011s (~)	0.654s	15	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.375s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.636s	15	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.384s (-2.3%)	2.010s (~)	0.627s	15	1.11x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.425s (-0.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.581s	15	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.429s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.577s	15	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	1.469s (+1.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.537s	15	1.18x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.155s (~)	3.009s (~)	0.854s	10	1.72x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.081s (-17.5% 🟢)	3.277s (-5.9% 🟢)	1.196s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.218s (~)	3.281s (-14.5% 🟢)	1.062s	10	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.556s (+0.9%)	3.896s (-6.5% 🟢)	1.340s	8	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.970s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.474s (-9.8% 🟢)	0.504s	13	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.050s (~)	2.744s (+2.4%)	0.694s	11	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.079s (+5.0%)	2.597s (+4.9%)	0.519s	12	1.05x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.591s (+3.4%)	3.009s (~)	0.418s	10	1.32x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.683s (+2.0%)	3.008s (~)	0.325s	10	1.36x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.728s (-1.6%)	3.009s (~)	0.281s	10	1.38x
💻 Local	Express	2.743s (-1.2%)	3.009s (~)	0.266s	10	1.39x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.686s (-2.3%)	5.177s (~)	0.492s	6	2.38x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.215s (-10.1% 🟢)	3.307s (-9.4% 🟢)	1.091s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.277s (-12.3% 🟢)	3.216s (-22.6% 🟢)	0.939s	10	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.927s (+1.3%)	4.238s (+3.2%)	1.311s	8	1.32x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.340s (-14.1% 🟢)	4.149s (-7.0% 🟢)	0.809s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.439s (-0.7%)	4.148s (+3.2%)	0.709s	8	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.666s (-7.0% 🟢)	4.738s (-2.8%)	1.072s	7	1.10x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.121s (+1.6%)	4.868s (+3.0%)	0.747s	7	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.736s (+5.1% 🔺)	8.018s (+3.2%)	0.282s	4	2.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.979s (-9.5% 🟢)	8.522s (-5.6% 🟢)	0.544s	4	2.39x
💻 Local	Express	8.210s (+3.7%)	9.026s (+9.1% 🔺)	0.817s	4	2.46x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.763s (-3.5%)	10.352s (-3.1%)	0.589s	3	2.92x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.761s (-5.1% 🟢)	3.984s (-7.4% 🟢)	1.223s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.841s (+3.2%)	4.182s (+0.6%)	1.341s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.399s (+5.7% 🔺)	5.017s (+13.7% 🔺)	1.619s	6	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.141s (-7.4% 🟢)	1.001s (~)	0.002s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.008s (~)	0.866s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.151s (+3.9%)	1.002s (~)	0.011s (+0.9%)	1.018s (~)	0.867s	10	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.169s (-4.1%)	1.001s (~)	0.002s (+6.2% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.843s	10	1.20x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.174s (+2.8%)	1.003s (~)	0.012s (~)	1.018s (~)	0.844s	10	1.23x
💻 Local	Express	0.175s (-1.2%)	1.003s (~)	0.012s (~)	1.017s (~)	0.843s	10	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.185s (-4.8%)	0.994s (~)	0.002s (~)	1.012s (~)	0.827s	10	1.31x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.202s (+7.2% 🔺)	0.995s (~)	0.002s (+30.8% 🔺)	1.013s (~)	0.811s	10	1.43x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.469s (-4.3%)	0.968s (+1.5%)	0.001s (-7.1% 🟢)	1.009s (~)	0.540s	10	3.32x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.721s (-4.2%)	2.624s (-12.9% 🟢)	0.004s (-7.9% 🟢)	3.135s (-79.9% 🟢)	1.414s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.773s (+3.7%)	2.962s (+9.9% 🔺)	0.034s (-89.3% 🟢)	15.577s (+332.0% 🔺)	13.805s	10	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.803s (+8.9% 🔺)	2.870s (+7.3% 🔺)	0.005s (-44.0% 🟢)	3.363s (+8.3% 🔺)	1.560s	10	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8/12
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	7/12
▲ Vercel	Express	5/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	6/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Redis	7/12
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	6/12

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	571	0	67	638
✅ 💻 Local Development	612	0	84	696
✅ 📦 Local Production	612	0	84	696
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	612	0	84	696
✅ 🪟 Windows	55	0	3	58
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	118	56	15	189
✅ 📋 Other	147	0	27	174
Total	2727	56	364	3147

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (56 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• webhookWorkflow
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

redis (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

turso (51 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent)
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• parallelSleepWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling retry behavior workflow completes despite transient 5xx on step_completed
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control)

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	51	0	7
✅ example	51	0	7
✅ express	51	0	7
✅ fastify	51	0	7
✅ hono	51	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	56	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	56	0	2
✅ nitro	51	0	7
✅ nuxt	51	0	7
✅ sveltekit	51	0	7
✅ vite	51	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	0	9
✅ express-stable	49	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	0	9
✅ hono-stable	49	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	0	9
✅ vite-stable	49	0	9

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	0	9
✅ express-stable	49	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	0	9
✅ hono-stable	49	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	0	9
✅ vite-stable	49	0	9

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	0	9
✅ express-stable	49	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	0	9
✅ hono-stable	49	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	0	9
✅ vite-stable	49	0	9

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	55	0	3

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	2
❌ mongodb	52	3	3
✅ redis-dev	3	0	2
❌ redis	53	2	3
✅ turso-dev	3	0	2
❌ turso	4	51	3

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	49	0	9
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	49	0	9
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	49	0	9

---

📋 View full workflow run

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

Adds a 'latest' sentinel for deploymentId in @workflow/core’s start() so runs can target the most recent deployment for the current environment, with Vercel-world support for resolving that deployment via a new API endpoint.

Changes:

• Extend World with optional resolveLatestDeploymentId() and wire it into world-vercel.
• Add Vercel implementation + tests for resolving latest deployment ID via GET /v1/workflow/resolve-latest-deployment/{deploymentId}.
• Update start() (and tests) to resolve 'latest' before event creation and queue dispatch.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 9 out of 9 changed files in this pull request and generated 3 comments.

Show a summary per file

File	Description
packages/world/src/interfaces.ts	Adds optional resolveLatestDeploymentId() to the World interface.
packages/world-vercel/src/resolve-latest-deployment.ts	Implements resolver that calls Vercel API with token fallback + response validation.
packages/world-vercel/src/resolve-latest-deployment.test.ts	Adds unit tests for resolver behavior (success, missing env/token, HTTP/schema errors).
packages/world-vercel/src/index.ts	Wires resolver into createVercelWorld().
packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts	Resolves 'latest' via world.resolveLatestDeploymentId() before run creation/queueing.
packages/core/src/runtime/start.test.ts	Adds tests for 'latest' behavior and error when unsupported.
.changeset/add-resolve-latest-deployment-world.md	Patch release note for @workflow/world.
.changeset/add-resolve-latest-deployment-world-vercel.md	Patch release note for @workflow/world-vercel.
.changeset/add-resolve-latest-deployment-core.md	Patch release note for @workflow/core.

---

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[VaguelySerious]

LGTM. Maybe deploymentId type should include 'latest' literal on a type level in packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts:28 ?

[TooTallNate]

Summary

• Adds optional resolveLatestDeploymentId() method to the World interface for resolving the most recent deployment ID sharing the same environment as the current deployment
• Implements resolveLatestDeploymentId() in world-vercel, which calls GET https://api.vercel.com/v1/workflow/resolve-latest-deployment/{deploymentId} using the current VERCEL_DEPLOYMENT_ID
• Updates start() in @workflow/core to handle the deploymentId: 'latest' sentinel: resolves it via world.resolveLatestDeploymentId() before passing the resolved ID to event creation, queue dispatch, encryption key derivation, and telemetry

Changes

File	Description
packages/world/src/interfaces.ts	Add optional resolveLatestDeploymentId?() to World interface
packages/world-vercel/src/resolve-latest-deployment.ts	New file: API call to resolve latest deployment ID
packages/world-vercel/src/index.ts	Wire resolveLatestDeploymentId into createVercelWorld()
packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts	Handle 'latest' sentinel before encryption/event/queue calls
packages/core/src/runtime/start.test.ts	4 new test cases for 'latest' resolution
packages/world-vercel/src/resolve-latest-deployment.test.ts	7 new test cases for the API call implementation

Test plan

• start() with deploymentId: 'latest' resolves via resolveLatestDeploymentId() and uses the resolved ID for events and queue
• start() with deploymentId: 'latest' throws WorkflowRuntimeError when the world doesn't implement resolveLatestDeploymentId()
• Normal deployment IDs and default (no deploymentId) are unaffected
• API call handles auth fallback (config token → OIDC → VERCEL_TOKEN), HTTP errors, and invalid responses

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 1c298ff

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 20 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
@workflow/world	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/world-local	Patch
@workflow/world-postgres	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workflow-nest	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.033s (+1.2%)	1.005s (~)	0.972s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.034s (+4.0%)	1.006s (~)	0.973s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.042s (+1.7%)	1.006s (~)	0.963s	10	1.29x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.044s (+1.1%)	1.006s (~)	0.962s	10	1.36x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.053s (-7.2% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.958s	10	1.62x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.053s (+4.5%)	1.012s (~)	0.959s	10	1.63x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.054s (+3.6%)	1.011s (~)	0.956s	10	1.67x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.067s (-20.4% 🟢)	1.009s (~)	0.942s	10	2.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.407s (-3.2%)	2.052s (+6.2% 🔺)	1.645s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.459s (-4.8%)	2.099s (-13.6% 🟢)	1.640s	10	1.13x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.650s (+36.9% 🔺)	2.518s (+11.3% 🔺)	1.868s	10	1.60x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.095s (-1.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.911s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.100s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.905s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.103s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.902s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.103s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.904s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.117s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.893s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.123s (~)	2.013s (~)	0.890s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.126s (+0.7%)	2.013s (~)	0.887s	10	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.298s (-1.4%)	2.008s (~)	0.711s	10	1.18x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.931s (-10.8% 🟢)	3.234s (-12.1% 🟢)	1.303s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.010s (-4.9%)	3.331s (+3.2%)	1.322s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.010s (-13.6% 🟢)	3.519s (-7.9% 🟢)	1.508s	10	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.636s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.386s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.693s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.332s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.768s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.253s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	10.783s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.240s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.808s (~)	11.043s (~)	0.235s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.808s (~)	11.040s (~)	0.232s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.851s (~)	11.041s (~)	0.190s	3	1.02x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.271s (~)	13.023s (~)	0.752s	3	1.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	16.564s (-5.6% 🟢)	18.075s (-3.7%)	1.512s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	16.743s (-5.0%)	17.808s (-9.0% 🟢)	1.065s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.785s (+0.5%)	19.231s (-2.3%)	1.446s	2	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	26.509s (~)	27.047s (~)	0.538s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	26.786s (-0.5%)	27.057s (~)	0.271s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	26.921s (~)	27.062s (~)	0.141s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	26.945s (~)	27.057s (~)	0.112s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	27.013s (~)	27.386s (+1.3%)	0.373s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.166s (~)	28.052s (~)	0.886s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	27.233s (~)	28.054s (~)	0.821s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.413s (~)	31.048s (~)	0.635s	2	1.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	44.479s (-0.9%)	45.894s (-1.9%)	1.415s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	44.978s (~)	46.283s (-0.8%)	1.305s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	45.069s (-1.8%)	45.877s (-2.8%)	0.809s	2	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	53.022s (~)	53.091s (-1.9%)	0.069s	2	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	53.582s (~)	54.080s (~)	0.498s	2	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	53.740s (~)	54.094s (~)	0.354s	2	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	53.863s (~)	54.107s (~)	0.244s	2	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	55.609s (~)	56.112s (~)	0.503s	2	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	56.031s (~)	56.097s (-1.8%)	0.066s	2	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	56.224s (~)	57.105s (+0.9%)	0.881s	2	1.06x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	60.294s (-1.0%)	60.594s (-0.8%)	0.301s	2	1.14x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	97.269s (-1.0%)	99.208s (-0.7%)	1.939s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	97.323s (-1.9%)	98.627s (-2.7%)	1.304s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	100.639s (+5.9% 🔺)	102.537s (+6.2% 🔺)	1.898s	1	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.296s (+0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.710s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.356s (-0.9%)	2.012s (~)	0.656s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.359s (+0.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.652s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.396s (+2.1%)	2.010s (~)	0.614s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.408s (+0.6%)	2.005s (~)	0.597s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.417s (+1.0%)	2.006s (~)	0.589s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Express	1.418s (+0.7%)	2.005s (~)	0.588s	15	1.09x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.127s (-0.9%)	3.008s (~)	0.881s	10	1.64x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.407s (-12.3% 🟢)	3.791s (-8.5% 🟢)	1.383s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.680s (+12.3% 🔺)	3.958s (+3.3%)	1.278s	8	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.920s (+29.1% 🔺)	4.045s (+20.5% 🔺)	1.126s	8	1.21x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.052s (+3.1%)	2.599s (~)	0.546s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.080s (+5.7% 🔺)	2.596s (-3.3%)	0.515s	12	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.100s (+1.4%)	2.600s (~)	0.500s	12	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.497s (~)	3.008s (~)	0.511s	10	1.22x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.573s (-5.3% 🟢)	3.008s (~)	0.435s	10	1.25x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.616s (-2.2%)	3.009s (~)	0.393s	10	1.27x
💻 Local	Express	2.698s (+1.0%)	3.008s (~)	0.310s	10	1.31x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.657s (~)	5.179s (~)	0.521s	6	2.27x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.555s (-21.4% 🟢)	3.618s (-21.0% 🟢)	1.063s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.573s (-3.9%)	3.780s (~)	1.207s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.858s (+1.4%)	3.837s (-9.3% 🟢)	0.980s	8	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.576s (-7.1% 🟢)	4.309s (-11.7% 🟢)	0.733s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.677s (+8.9% 🔺)	4.314s (+7.3% 🔺)	0.637s	7	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.752s (+18.4% 🔺)	4.598s (+17.7% 🔺)	0.846s	7	1.05x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.041s (-1.2%)	4.867s (-2.9%)	0.826s	7	1.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.799s (-12.4% 🟢)	7.216s (-15.3% 🟢)	0.416s	5	1.90x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.325s (-7.7% 🟢)	8.018s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.692s	4	2.05x
💻 Local	Express	7.747s (+2.2%)	8.022s (~)	0.275s	4	2.17x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.902s (-1.3%)	10.349s (-3.2%)	0.447s	3	2.77x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.110s (-4.7%)	4.596s (-1.3%)	1.486s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.244s (+0.9%)	4.477s (+5.1% 🔺)	1.233s	7	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.421s (+9.3% 🔺)	4.457s (+2.1%)	1.036s	7	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.250s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.757s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.358s (-1.4%)	2.011s (~)	0.654s	15	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.375s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.636s	15	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.384s (-2.3%)	2.010s (~)	0.627s	15	1.11x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.425s (-0.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.581s	15	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.429s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.577s	15	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	1.469s (+1.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.537s	15	1.18x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.155s (~)	3.009s (~)	0.854s	10	1.72x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.081s (-17.5% 🟢)	3.277s (-5.9% 🟢)	1.196s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.218s (~)	3.281s (-14.5% 🟢)	1.062s	10	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.556s (+0.9%)	3.896s (-6.5% 🟢)	1.340s	8	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.970s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.474s (-9.8% 🟢)	0.504s	13	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.050s (~)	2.744s (+2.4%)	0.694s	11	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.079s (+5.0%)	2.597s (+4.9%)	0.519s	12	1.05x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.591s (+3.4%)	3.009s (~)	0.418s	10	1.32x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.683s (+2.0%)	3.008s (~)	0.325s	10	1.36x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.728s (-1.6%)	3.009s (~)	0.281s	10	1.38x
💻 Local	Express	2.743s (-1.2%)	3.009s (~)	0.266s	10	1.39x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.686s (-2.3%)	5.177s (~)	0.492s	6	2.38x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.215s (-10.1% 🟢)	3.307s (-9.4% 🟢)	1.091s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.277s (-12.3% 🟢)	3.216s (-22.6% 🟢)	0.939s	10	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.927s (+1.3%)	4.238s (+3.2%)	1.311s	8	1.32x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.340s (-14.1% 🟢)	4.149s (-7.0% 🟢)	0.809s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.439s (-0.7%)	4.148s (+3.2%)	0.709s	8	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.666s (-7.0% 🟢)	4.738s (-2.8%)	1.072s	7	1.10x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.121s (+1.6%)	4.868s (+3.0%)	0.747s	7	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.736s (+5.1% 🔺)	8.018s (+3.2%)	0.282s	4	2.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.979s (-9.5% 🟢)	8.522s (-5.6% 🟢)	0.544s	4	2.39x
💻 Local	Express	8.210s (+3.7%)	9.026s (+9.1% 🔺)	0.817s	4	2.46x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.763s (-3.5%)	10.352s (-3.1%)	0.589s	3	2.92x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.761s (-5.1% 🟢)	3.984s (-7.4% 🟢)	1.223s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.841s (+3.2%)	4.182s (+0.6%)	1.341s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.399s (+5.7% 🔺)	5.017s (+13.7% 🔺)	1.619s	6	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.141s (-7.4% 🟢)	1.001s (~)	0.002s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.008s (~)	0.866s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.151s (+3.9%)	1.002s (~)	0.011s (+0.9%)	1.018s (~)	0.867s	10	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.169s (-4.1%)	1.001s (~)	0.002s (+6.2% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.843s	10	1.20x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.174s (+2.8%)	1.003s (~)	0.012s (~)	1.018s (~)	0.844s	10	1.23x
💻 Local	Express	0.175s (-1.2%)	1.003s (~)	0.012s (~)	1.017s (~)	0.843s	10	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.185s (-4.8%)	0.994s (~)	0.002s (~)	1.012s (~)	0.827s	10	1.31x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.202s (+7.2% 🔺)	0.995s (~)	0.002s (+30.8% 🔺)	1.013s (~)	0.811s	10	1.43x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.469s (-4.3%)	0.968s (+1.5%)	0.001s (-7.1% 🟢)	1.009s (~)	0.540s	10	3.32x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.721s (-4.2%)	2.624s (-12.9% 🟢)	0.004s (-7.9% 🟢)	3.135s (-79.9% 🟢)	1.414s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.773s (+3.7%)	2.962s (+9.9% 🔺)	0.034s (-89.3% 🟢)	15.577s (+332.0% 🔺)	13.805s	10	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.803s (+8.9% 🔺)	2.870s (+7.3% 🔺)	0.005s (-44.0% 🟢)	3.363s (+8.3% 🔺)	1.560s	10	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8/12
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	7/12
▲ Vercel	Express	5/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	6/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Redis	7/12
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	6/12

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	571	0	67	638
✅ 💻 Local Development	612	0	84	696
✅ 📦 Local Production	612	0	84	696
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	612	0	84	696
✅ 🪟 Windows	55	0	3	58
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	118	56	15	189
✅ 📋 Other	147	0	27	174
Total	2727	56	364	3147

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (56 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• webhookWorkflow
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

redis (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

turso (51 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent)
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• parallelSleepWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling retry behavior workflow completes despite transient 5xx on step_completed
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control)

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	51	0	7
✅ example	51	0	7
✅ express	51	0	7
✅ fastify	51	0	7
✅ hono	51	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	56	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	56	0	2
✅ nitro	51	0	7
✅ nuxt	51	0	7
✅ sveltekit	51	0	7
✅ vite	51	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	0	9
✅ express-stable	49	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	0	9
✅ hono-stable	49	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	0	9
✅ vite-stable	49	0	9

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	0	9
✅ express-stable	49	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	0	9
✅ hono-stable	49	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	0	9
✅ vite-stable	49	0	9

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	0	9
✅ express-stable	49	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	0	9
✅ hono-stable	49	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	0	9
✅ vite-stable	49	0	9

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	55	0	3

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	2
❌ mongodb	52	3	3
✅ redis-dev	3	0	2
❌ redis	53	2	3
✅ turso-dev	3	0	2
❌ turso	4	51	3

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	49	0	9
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	49	0	9
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	49	0	9

---

📋 View full workflow run

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

Adds a 'latest' sentinel for deploymentId in @workflow/core’s start() so runs can target the most recent deployment for the current environment, with Vercel-world support for resolving that deployment via a new API endpoint.

Changes:

• Extend World with optional resolveLatestDeploymentId() and wire it into world-vercel.
• Add Vercel implementation + tests for resolving latest deployment ID via GET /v1/workflow/resolve-latest-deployment/{deploymentId}.
• Update start() (and tests) to resolve 'latest' before event creation and queue dispatch.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 9 out of 9 changed files in this pull request and generated 3 comments.

Show a summary per file

File	Description
packages/world/src/interfaces.ts	Adds optional resolveLatestDeploymentId() to the World interface.
packages/world-vercel/src/resolve-latest-deployment.ts	Implements resolver that calls Vercel API with token fallback + response validation.
packages/world-vercel/src/resolve-latest-deployment.test.ts	Adds unit tests for resolver behavior (success, missing env/token, HTTP/schema errors).
packages/world-vercel/src/index.ts	Wires resolver into createVercelWorld().
packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts	Resolves 'latest' via world.resolveLatestDeploymentId() before run creation/queueing.
packages/core/src/runtime/start.test.ts	Adds tests for 'latest' behavior and error when unsupported.
.changeset/add-resolve-latest-deployment-world.md	Patch release note for @workflow/world.
.changeset/add-resolve-latest-deployment-world-vercel.md	Patch release note for @workflow/world-vercel.
.changeset/add-resolve-latest-deployment-core.md	Patch release note for @workflow/core.

---

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[VaguelySerious]

LGTM. Maybe deploymentId type should include 'latest' literal on a type level in packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts:28 ?

[TooTallNate]

Summary

• Adds optional resolveLatestDeploymentId() method to the World interface for resolving the most recent deployment ID sharing the same environment as the current deployment
• Implements resolveLatestDeploymentId() in world-vercel, which calls GET https://api.vercel.com/v1/workflow/resolve-latest-deployment/{deploymentId} using the current VERCEL_DEPLOYMENT_ID
• Updates start() in @workflow/core to handle the deploymentId: 'latest' sentinel: resolves it via world.resolveLatestDeploymentId() before passing the resolved ID to event creation, queue dispatch, encryption key derivation, and telemetry

Changes

File	Description
packages/world/src/interfaces.ts	Add optional resolveLatestDeploymentId?() to World interface
packages/world-vercel/src/resolve-latest-deployment.ts	New file: API call to resolve latest deployment ID
packages/world-vercel/src/index.ts	Wire resolveLatestDeploymentId into createVercelWorld()
packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts	Handle 'latest' sentinel before encryption/event/queue calls
packages/core/src/runtime/start.test.ts	4 new test cases for 'latest' resolution
packages/world-vercel/src/resolve-latest-deployment.test.ts	7 new test cases for the API call implementation

Test plan

• start() with deploymentId: 'latest' resolves via resolveLatestDeploymentId() and uses the resolved ID for events and queue
• start() with deploymentId: 'latest' throws WorkflowRuntimeError when the world doesn't implement resolveLatestDeploymentId()
• Normal deployment IDs and default (no deploymentId) are unaffected
• API call handles auth fallback (config token → OIDC → VERCEL_TOKEN), HTTP errors, and invalid responses

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 1c298ff

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 20 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
@workflow/world	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/world-local	Patch
@workflow/world-postgres	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.033s (+1.2%)	1.005s (~)	0.972s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.034s (+4.0%)	1.006s (~)	0.973s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.042s (+1.7%)	1.006s (~)	0.963s	10	1.29x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.044s (+1.1%)	1.006s (~)	0.962s	10	1.36x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.053s (-7.2% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.958s	10	1.62x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.053s (+4.5%)	1.012s (~)	0.959s	10	1.63x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.054s (+3.6%)	1.011s (~)	0.956s	10	1.67x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.067s (-20.4% 🟢)	1.009s (~)	0.942s	10	2.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.407s (-3.2%)	2.052s (+6.2% 🔺)	1.645s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.459s (-4.8%)	2.099s (-13.6% 🟢)	1.640s	10	1.13x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.650s (+36.9% 🔺)	2.518s (+11.3% 🔺)	1.868s	10	1.60x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.095s (-1.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.911s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.100s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.905s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.103s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.902s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.103s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.904s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.117s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.893s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.123s (~)	2.013s (~)	0.890s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.126s (+0.7%)	2.013s (~)	0.887s	10	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.298s (-1.4%)	2.008s (~)	0.711s	10	1.18x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.931s (-10.8% 🟢)	3.234s (-12.1% 🟢)	1.303s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.010s (-4.9%)	3.331s (+3.2%)	1.322s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.010s (-13.6% 🟢)	3.519s (-7.9% 🟢)	1.508s	10	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.636s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.386s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.693s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.332s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.768s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.253s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	10.783s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.240s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.808s (~)	11.043s (~)	0.235s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.808s (~)	11.040s (~)	0.232s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.851s (~)	11.041s (~)	0.190s	3	1.02x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.271s (~)	13.023s (~)	0.752s	3	1.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	16.564s (-5.6% 🟢)	18.075s (-3.7%)	1.512s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	16.743s (-5.0%)	17.808s (-9.0% 🟢)	1.065s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.785s (+0.5%)	19.231s (-2.3%)	1.446s	2	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	26.509s (~)	27.047s (~)	0.538s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	26.786s (-0.5%)	27.057s (~)	0.271s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	26.921s (~)	27.062s (~)	0.141s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	26.945s (~)	27.057s (~)	0.112s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	27.013s (~)	27.386s (+1.3%)	0.373s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.166s (~)	28.052s (~)	0.886s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	27.233s (~)	28.054s (~)	0.821s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.413s (~)	31.048s (~)	0.635s	2	1.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	44.479s (-0.9%)	45.894s (-1.9%)	1.415s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	44.978s (~)	46.283s (-0.8%)	1.305s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	45.069s (-1.8%)	45.877s (-2.8%)	0.809s	2	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	53.022s (~)	53.091s (-1.9%)	0.069s	2	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	53.582s (~)	54.080s (~)	0.498s	2	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	53.740s (~)	54.094s (~)	0.354s	2	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	53.863s (~)	54.107s (~)	0.244s	2	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	55.609s (~)	56.112s (~)	0.503s	2	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	56.031s (~)	56.097s (-1.8%)	0.066s	2	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	56.224s (~)	57.105s (+0.9%)	0.881s	2	1.06x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	60.294s (-1.0%)	60.594s (-0.8%)	0.301s	2	1.14x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	97.269s (-1.0%)	99.208s (-0.7%)	1.939s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	97.323s (-1.9%)	98.627s (-2.7%)	1.304s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	100.639s (+5.9% 🔺)	102.537s (+6.2% 🔺)	1.898s	1	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.296s (+0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.710s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.356s (-0.9%)	2.012s (~)	0.656s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.359s (+0.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.652s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.396s (+2.1%)	2.010s (~)	0.614s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.408s (+0.6%)	2.005s (~)	0.597s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.417s (+1.0%)	2.006s (~)	0.589s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Express	1.418s (+0.7%)	2.005s (~)	0.588s	15	1.09x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.127s (-0.9%)	3.008s (~)	0.881s	10	1.64x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.407s (-12.3% 🟢)	3.791s (-8.5% 🟢)	1.383s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.680s (+12.3% 🔺)	3.958s (+3.3%)	1.278s	8	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.920s (+29.1% 🔺)	4.045s (+20.5% 🔺)	1.126s	8	1.21x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.052s (+3.1%)	2.599s (~)	0.546s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.080s (+5.7% 🔺)	2.596s (-3.3%)	0.515s	12	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.100s (+1.4%)	2.600s (~)	0.500s	12	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.497s (~)	3.008s (~)	0.511s	10	1.22x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.573s (-5.3% 🟢)	3.008s (~)	0.435s	10	1.25x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.616s (-2.2%)	3.009s (~)	0.393s	10	1.27x
💻 Local	Express	2.698s (+1.0%)	3.008s (~)	0.310s	10	1.31x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.657s (~)	5.179s (~)	0.521s	6	2.27x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.555s (-21.4% 🟢)	3.618s (-21.0% 🟢)	1.063s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.573s (-3.9%)	3.780s (~)	1.207s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.858s (+1.4%)	3.837s (-9.3% 🟢)	0.980s	8	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.576s (-7.1% 🟢)	4.309s (-11.7% 🟢)	0.733s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.677s (+8.9% 🔺)	4.314s (+7.3% 🔺)	0.637s	7	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.752s (+18.4% 🔺)	4.598s (+17.7% 🔺)	0.846s	7	1.05x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.041s (-1.2%)	4.867s (-2.9%)	0.826s	7	1.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.799s (-12.4% 🟢)	7.216s (-15.3% 🟢)	0.416s	5	1.90x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.325s (-7.7% 🟢)	8.018s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.692s	4	2.05x
💻 Local	Express	7.747s (+2.2%)	8.022s (~)	0.275s	4	2.17x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.902s (-1.3%)	10.349s (-3.2%)	0.447s	3	2.77x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.110s (-4.7%)	4.596s (-1.3%)	1.486s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.244s (+0.9%)	4.477s (+5.1% 🔺)	1.233s	7	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.421s (+9.3% 🔺)	4.457s (+2.1%)	1.036s	7	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.250s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.757s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.358s (-1.4%)	2.011s (~)	0.654s	15	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.375s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.636s	15	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.384s (-2.3%)	2.010s (~)	0.627s	15	1.11x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.425s (-0.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.581s	15	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.429s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.577s	15	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	1.469s (+1.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.537s	15	1.18x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.155s (~)	3.009s (~)	0.854s	10	1.72x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.081s (-17.5% 🟢)	3.277s (-5.9% 🟢)	1.196s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.218s (~)	3.281s (-14.5% 🟢)	1.062s	10	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.556s (+0.9%)	3.896s (-6.5% 🟢)	1.340s	8	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.970s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.474s (-9.8% 🟢)	0.504s	13	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.050s (~)	2.744s (+2.4%)	0.694s	11	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.079s (+5.0%)	2.597s (+4.9%)	0.519s	12	1.05x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.591s (+3.4%)	3.009s (~)	0.418s	10	1.32x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.683s (+2.0%)	3.008s (~)	0.325s	10	1.36x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.728s (-1.6%)	3.009s (~)	0.281s	10	1.38x
💻 Local	Express	2.743s (-1.2%)	3.009s (~)	0.266s	10	1.39x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.686s (-2.3%)	5.177s (~)	0.492s	6	2.38x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.215s (-10.1% 🟢)	3.307s (-9.4% 🟢)	1.091s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.277s (-12.3% 🟢)	3.216s (-22.6% 🟢)	0.939s	10	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.927s (+1.3%)	4.238s (+3.2%)	1.311s	8	1.32x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.340s (-14.1% 🟢)	4.149s (-7.0% 🟢)	0.809s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.439s (-0.7%)	4.148s (+3.2%)	0.709s	8	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.666s (-7.0% 🟢)	4.738s (-2.8%)	1.072s	7	1.10x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.121s (+1.6%)	4.868s (+3.0%)	0.747s	7	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.736s (+5.1% 🔺)	8.018s (+3.2%)	0.282s	4	2.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.979s (-9.5% 🟢)	8.522s (-5.6% 🟢)	0.544s	4	2.39x
💻 Local	Express	8.210s (+3.7%)	9.026s (+9.1% 🔺)	0.817s	4	2.46x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.763s (-3.5%)	10.352s (-3.1%)	0.589s	3	2.92x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.761s (-5.1% 🟢)	3.984s (-7.4% 🟢)	1.223s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.841s (+3.2%)	4.182s (+0.6%)	1.341s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.399s (+5.7% 🔺)	5.017s (+13.7% 🔺)	1.619s	6	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.141s (-7.4% 🟢)	1.001s (~)	0.002s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.008s (~)	0.866s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.151s (+3.9%)	1.002s (~)	0.011s (+0.9%)	1.018s (~)	0.867s	10	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.169s (-4.1%)	1.001s (~)	0.002s (+6.2% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.843s	10	1.20x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.174s (+2.8%)	1.003s (~)	0.012s (~)	1.018s (~)	0.844s	10	1.23x
💻 Local	Express	0.175s (-1.2%)	1.003s (~)	0.012s (~)	1.017s (~)	0.843s	10	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.185s (-4.8%)	0.994s (~)	0.002s (~)	1.012s (~)	0.827s	10	1.31x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.202s (+7.2% 🔺)	0.995s (~)	0.002s (+30.8% 🔺)	1.013s (~)	0.811s	10	1.43x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.469s (-4.3%)	0.968s (+1.5%)	0.001s (-7.1% 🟢)	1.009s (~)	0.540s	10	3.32x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.721s (-4.2%)	2.624s (-12.9% 🟢)	0.004s (-7.9% 🟢)	3.135s (-79.9% 🟢)	1.414s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.773s (+3.7%)	2.962s (+9.9% 🔺)	0.034s (-89.3% 🟢)	15.577s (+332.0% 🔺)	13.805s	10	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.803s (+8.9% 🔺)	2.870s (+7.3% 🔺)	0.005s (-44.0% 🟢)	3.363s (+8.3% 🔺)	1.560s	10	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8/12
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	7/12
▲ Vercel	Express	5/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	6/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Redis	7/12
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	6/12

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	571	0	67	638
✅ 💻 Local Development	612	0	84	696
✅ 📦 Local Production	612	0	84	696
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	612	0	84	696
✅ 🪟 Windows	55	0	3	58
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	118	56	15	189
✅ 📋 Other	147	0	27	174
Total	2727	56	364	3147

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (56 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• webhookWorkflow
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

redis (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

turso (51 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent)
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• parallelSleepWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling retry behavior workflow completes despite transient 5xx on step_completed
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control)

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	51	0	7
✅ example	51	0	7
✅ express	51	0	7
✅ fastify	51	0	7
✅ hono	51	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	56	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	56	0	2
✅ nitro	51	0	7
✅ nuxt	51	0	7
✅ sveltekit	51	0	7
✅ vite	51	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	0	9
✅ express-stable	49	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	0	9
✅ hono-stable	49	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	0	9
✅ vite-stable	49	0	9

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	0	9
✅ express-stable	49	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	0	9
✅ hono-stable	49	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	0	9
✅ vite-stable	49	0	9

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	0	9
✅ express-stable	49	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	0	9
✅ hono-stable	49	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	0	9
✅ vite-stable	49	0	9

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	55	0	3

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	2
❌ mongodb	52	3	3
✅ redis-dev	3	0	2
❌ redis	53	2	3
✅ turso-dev	3	0	2
❌ turso	4	51	3

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	49	0	9
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	49	0	9
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	49	0	9

---

📋 View full workflow run

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

Adds a 'latest' sentinel for deploymentId in @workflow/core’s start() so runs can target the most recent deployment for the current environment, with Vercel-world support for resolving that deployment via a new API endpoint.

Changes:

• Extend World with optional resolveLatestDeploymentId() and wire it into world-vercel.
• Add Vercel implementation + tests for resolving latest deployment ID via GET /v1/workflow/resolve-latest-deployment/{deploymentId}.
• Update start() (and tests) to resolve 'latest' before event creation and queue dispatch.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 9 out of 9 changed files in this pull request and generated 3 comments.

Show a summary per file

File	Description
packages/world/src/interfaces.ts	Adds optional resolveLatestDeploymentId() to the World interface.
packages/world-vercel/src/resolve-latest-deployment.ts	Implements resolver that calls Vercel API with token fallback + response validation.
packages/world-vercel/src/resolve-latest-deployment.test.ts	Adds unit tests for resolver behavior (success, missing env/token, HTTP/schema errors).
packages/world-vercel/src/index.ts	Wires resolver into createVercelWorld().
packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts	Resolves 'latest' via world.resolveLatestDeploymentId() before run creation/queueing.
packages/core/src/runtime/start.test.ts	Adds tests for 'latest' behavior and error when unsupported.
.changeset/add-resolve-latest-deployment-world.md	Patch release note for @workflow/world.
.changeset/add-resolve-latest-deployment-world-vercel.md	Patch release note for @workflow/world-vercel.
.changeset/add-resolve-latest-deployment-core.md	Patch release note for @workflow/core.

---

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[VaguelySerious]

LGTM. Maybe deploymentId type should include 'latest' literal on a type level in packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts:28 ?

[TooTallNate]

Summary

• Adds optional resolveLatestDeploymentId() method to the World interface for resolving the most recent deployment ID sharing the same environment as the current deployment
• Implements resolveLatestDeploymentId() in world-vercel, which calls GET https://api.vercel.com/v1/workflow/resolve-latest-deployment/{deploymentId} using the current VERCEL_DEPLOYMENT_ID
• Updates start() in @workflow/core to handle the deploymentId: 'latest' sentinel: resolves it via world.resolveLatestDeploymentId() before passing the resolved ID to event creation, queue dispatch, encryption key derivation, and telemetry

Changes

File	Description
packages/world/src/interfaces.ts	Add optional resolveLatestDeploymentId?() to World interface
packages/world-vercel/src/resolve-latest-deployment.ts	New file: API call to resolve latest deployment ID
packages/world-vercel/src/index.ts	Wire resolveLatestDeploymentId into createVercelWorld()
packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts	Handle 'latest' sentinel before encryption/event/queue calls
packages/core/src/runtime/start.test.ts	4 new test cases for 'latest' resolution
packages/world-vercel/src/resolve-latest-deployment.test.ts	7 new test cases for the API call implementation

Test plan

• start() with deploymentId: 'latest' resolves via resolveLatestDeploymentId() and uses the resolved ID for events and queue
• start() with deploymentId: 'latest' throws WorkflowRuntimeError when the world doesn't implement resolveLatestDeploymentId()
• Normal deployment IDs and default (no deploymentId) are unaffected
• API call handles auth fallback (config token → OIDC → VERCEL_TOKEN), HTTP errors, and invalid responses

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 1c298ff

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 20 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
@workflow/world	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/world-local	Patch
@workflow/world-postgres	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workflow-nest	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.033s (+1.2%)	1.005s (~)	0.972s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.034s (+4.0%)	1.006s (~)	0.973s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.042s (+1.7%)	1.006s (~)	0.963s	10	1.29x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.044s (+1.1%)	1.006s (~)	0.962s	10	1.36x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.053s (-7.2% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.958s	10	1.62x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.053s (+4.5%)	1.012s (~)	0.959s	10	1.63x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.054s (+3.6%)	1.011s (~)	0.956s	10	1.67x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.067s (-20.4% 🟢)	1.009s (~)	0.942s	10	2.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.407s (-3.2%)	2.052s (+6.2% 🔺)	1.645s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.459s (-4.8%)	2.099s (-13.6% 🟢)	1.640s	10	1.13x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.650s (+36.9% 🔺)	2.518s (+11.3% 🔺)	1.868s	10	1.60x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.095s (-1.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.911s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.100s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.905s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.103s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.902s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.103s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.904s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.117s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.893s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.123s (~)	2.013s (~)	0.890s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.126s (+0.7%)	2.013s (~)	0.887s	10	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.298s (-1.4%)	2.008s (~)	0.711s	10	1.18x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.931s (-10.8% 🟢)	3.234s (-12.1% 🟢)	1.303s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.010s (-4.9%)	3.331s (+3.2%)	1.322s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.010s (-13.6% 🟢)	3.519s (-7.9% 🟢)	1.508s	10	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.636s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.386s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.693s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.332s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.768s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.253s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	10.783s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.240s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.808s (~)	11.043s (~)	0.235s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.808s (~)	11.040s (~)	0.232s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.851s (~)	11.041s (~)	0.190s	3	1.02x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.271s (~)	13.023s (~)	0.752s	3	1.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	16.564s (-5.6% 🟢)	18.075s (-3.7%)	1.512s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	16.743s (-5.0%)	17.808s (-9.0% 🟢)	1.065s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.785s (+0.5%)	19.231s (-2.3%)	1.446s	2	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	26.509s (~)	27.047s (~)	0.538s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	26.786s (-0.5%)	27.057s (~)	0.271s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	26.921s (~)	27.062s (~)	0.141s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	26.945s (~)	27.057s (~)	0.112s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	27.013s (~)	27.386s (+1.3%)	0.373s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.166s (~)	28.052s (~)	0.886s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	27.233s (~)	28.054s (~)	0.821s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.413s (~)	31.048s (~)	0.635s	2	1.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	44.479s (-0.9%)	45.894s (-1.9%)	1.415s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	44.978s (~)	46.283s (-0.8%)	1.305s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	45.069s (-1.8%)	45.877s (-2.8%)	0.809s	2	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	53.022s (~)	53.091s (-1.9%)	0.069s	2	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	53.582s (~)	54.080s (~)	0.498s	2	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	53.740s (~)	54.094s (~)	0.354s	2	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	53.863s (~)	54.107s (~)	0.244s	2	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	55.609s (~)	56.112s (~)	0.503s	2	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	56.031s (~)	56.097s (-1.8%)	0.066s	2	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	56.224s (~)	57.105s (+0.9%)	0.881s	2	1.06x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	60.294s (-1.0%)	60.594s (-0.8%)	0.301s	2	1.14x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	97.269s (-1.0%)	99.208s (-0.7%)	1.939s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	97.323s (-1.9%)	98.627s (-2.7%)	1.304s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	100.639s (+5.9% 🔺)	102.537s (+6.2% 🔺)	1.898s	1	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.296s (+0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.710s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.356s (-0.9%)	2.012s (~)	0.656s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.359s (+0.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.652s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.396s (+2.1%)	2.010s (~)	0.614s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.408s (+0.6%)	2.005s (~)	0.597s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.417s (+1.0%)	2.006s (~)	0.589s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Express	1.418s (+0.7%)	2.005s (~)	0.588s	15	1.09x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.127s (-0.9%)	3.008s (~)	0.881s	10	1.64x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.407s (-12.3% 🟢)	3.791s (-8.5% 🟢)	1.383s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.680s (+12.3% 🔺)	3.958s (+3.3%)	1.278s	8	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.920s (+29.1% 🔺)	4.045s (+20.5% 🔺)	1.126s	8	1.21x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.052s (+3.1%)	2.599s (~)	0.546s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.080s (+5.7% 🔺)	2.596s (-3.3%)	0.515s	12	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.100s (+1.4%)	2.600s (~)	0.500s	12	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.497s (~)	3.008s (~)	0.511s	10	1.22x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.573s (-5.3% 🟢)	3.008s (~)	0.435s	10	1.25x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.616s (-2.2%)	3.009s (~)	0.393s	10	1.27x
💻 Local	Express	2.698s (+1.0%)	3.008s (~)	0.310s	10	1.31x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.657s (~)	5.179s (~)	0.521s	6	2.27x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.555s (-21.4% 🟢)	3.618s (-21.0% 🟢)	1.063s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.573s (-3.9%)	3.780s (~)	1.207s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.858s (+1.4%)	3.837s (-9.3% 🟢)	0.980s	8	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.576s (-7.1% 🟢)	4.309s (-11.7% 🟢)	0.733s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.677s (+8.9% 🔺)	4.314s (+7.3% 🔺)	0.637s	7	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.752s (+18.4% 🔺)	4.598s (+17.7% 🔺)	0.846s	7	1.05x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.041s (-1.2%)	4.867s (-2.9%)	0.826s	7	1.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.799s (-12.4% 🟢)	7.216s (-15.3% 🟢)	0.416s	5	1.90x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.325s (-7.7% 🟢)	8.018s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.692s	4	2.05x
💻 Local	Express	7.747s (+2.2%)	8.022s (~)	0.275s	4	2.17x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.902s (-1.3%)	10.349s (-3.2%)	0.447s	3	2.77x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.110s (-4.7%)	4.596s (-1.3%)	1.486s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.244s (+0.9%)	4.477s (+5.1% 🔺)	1.233s	7	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.421s (+9.3% 🔺)	4.457s (+2.1%)	1.036s	7	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.250s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.757s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.358s (-1.4%)	2.011s (~)	0.654s	15	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.375s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.636s	15	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.384s (-2.3%)	2.010s (~)	0.627s	15	1.11x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.425s (-0.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.581s	15	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.429s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.577s	15	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	1.469s (+1.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.537s	15	1.18x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.155s (~)	3.009s (~)	0.854s	10	1.72x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.081s (-17.5% 🟢)	3.277s (-5.9% 🟢)	1.196s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.218s (~)	3.281s (-14.5% 🟢)	1.062s	10	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.556s (+0.9%)	3.896s (-6.5% 🟢)	1.340s	8	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.970s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.474s (-9.8% 🟢)	0.504s	13	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.050s (~)	2.744s (+2.4%)	0.694s	11	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.079s (+5.0%)	2.597s (+4.9%)	0.519s	12	1.05x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.591s (+3.4%)	3.009s (~)	0.418s	10	1.32x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.683s (+2.0%)	3.008s (~)	0.325s	10	1.36x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.728s (-1.6%)	3.009s (~)	0.281s	10	1.38x
💻 Local	Express	2.743s (-1.2%)	3.009s (~)	0.266s	10	1.39x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.686s (-2.3%)	5.177s (~)	0.492s	6	2.38x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.215s (-10.1% 🟢)	3.307s (-9.4% 🟢)	1.091s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.277s (-12.3% 🟢)	3.216s (-22.6% 🟢)	0.939s	10	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.927s (+1.3%)	4.238s (+3.2%)	1.311s	8	1.32x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.340s (-14.1% 🟢)	4.149s (-7.0% 🟢)	0.809s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.439s (-0.7%)	4.148s (+3.2%)	0.709s	8	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.666s (-7.0% 🟢)	4.738s (-2.8%)	1.072s	7	1.10x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.121s (+1.6%)	4.868s (+3.0%)	0.747s	7	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.736s (+5.1% 🔺)	8.018s (+3.2%)	0.282s	4	2.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.979s (-9.5% 🟢)	8.522s (-5.6% 🟢)	0.544s	4	2.39x
💻 Local	Express	8.210s (+3.7%)	9.026s (+9.1% 🔺)	0.817s	4	2.46x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.763s (-3.5%)	10.352s (-3.1%)	0.589s	3	2.92x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.761s (-5.1% 🟢)	3.984s (-7.4% 🟢)	1.223s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.841s (+3.2%)	4.182s (+0.6%)	1.341s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.399s (+5.7% 🔺)	5.017s (+13.7% 🔺)	1.619s	6	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.141s (-7.4% 🟢)	1.001s (~)	0.002s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.008s (~)	0.866s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.151s (+3.9%)	1.002s (~)	0.011s (+0.9%)	1.018s (~)	0.867s	10	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.169s (-4.1%)	1.001s (~)	0.002s (+6.2% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.843s	10	1.20x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.174s (+2.8%)	1.003s (~)	0.012s (~)	1.018s (~)	0.844s	10	1.23x
💻 Local	Express	0.175s (-1.2%)	1.003s (~)	0.012s (~)	1.017s (~)	0.843s	10	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.185s (-4.8%)	0.994s (~)	0.002s (~)	1.012s (~)	0.827s	10	1.31x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.202s (+7.2% 🔺)	0.995s (~)	0.002s (+30.8% 🔺)	1.013s (~)	0.811s	10	1.43x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.469s (-4.3%)	0.968s (+1.5%)	0.001s (-7.1% 🟢)	1.009s (~)	0.540s	10	3.32x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.721s (-4.2%)	2.624s (-12.9% 🟢)	0.004s (-7.9% 🟢)	3.135s (-79.9% 🟢)	1.414s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.773s (+3.7%)	2.962s (+9.9% 🔺)	0.034s (-89.3% 🟢)	15.577s (+332.0% 🔺)	13.805s	10	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.803s (+8.9% 🔺)	2.870s (+7.3% 🔺)	0.005s (-44.0% 🟢)	3.363s (+8.3% 🔺)	1.560s	10	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8/12
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	7/12
▲ Vercel	Express	5/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	6/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Redis	7/12
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	6/12

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	571	0	67	638
✅ 💻 Local Development	612	0	84	696
✅ 📦 Local Production	612	0	84	696
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	612	0	84	696
✅ 🪟 Windows	55	0	3	58
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	118	56	15	189
✅ 📋 Other	147	0	27	174
Total	2727	56	364	3147

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (56 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• webhookWorkflow
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

redis (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

turso (51 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent)
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• parallelSleepWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling retry behavior workflow completes despite transient 5xx on step_completed
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control)

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	51	0	7
✅ example	51	0	7
✅ express	51	0	7
✅ fastify	51	0	7
✅ hono	51	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	56	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	56	0	2
✅ nitro	51	0	7
✅ nuxt	51	0	7
✅ sveltekit	51	0	7
✅ vite	51	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	0	9
✅ express-stable	49	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	0	9
✅ hono-stable	49	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	0	9
✅ vite-stable	49	0	9

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	0	9
✅ express-stable	49	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	0	9
✅ hono-stable	49	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	0	9
✅ vite-stable	49	0	9

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	0	9
✅ express-stable	49	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	0	9
✅ hono-stable	49	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	0	9
✅ vite-stable	49	0	9

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	55	0	3

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	2
❌ mongodb	52	3	3
✅ redis-dev	3	0	2
❌ redis	53	2	3
✅ turso-dev	3	0	2
❌ turso	4	51	3

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	49	0	9
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	49	0	9
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	49	0	9

---

📋 View full workflow run

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

Adds a 'latest' sentinel for deploymentId in @workflow/core’s start() so runs can target the most recent deployment for the current environment, with Vercel-world support for resolving that deployment via a new API endpoint.

Changes:

• Extend World with optional resolveLatestDeploymentId() and wire it into world-vercel.
• Add Vercel implementation + tests for resolving latest deployment ID via GET /v1/workflow/resolve-latest-deployment/{deploymentId}.
• Update start() (and tests) to resolve 'latest' before event creation and queue dispatch.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 9 out of 9 changed files in this pull request and generated 3 comments.

Show a summary per file

File	Description
packages/world/src/interfaces.ts	Adds optional resolveLatestDeploymentId() to the World interface.
packages/world-vercel/src/resolve-latest-deployment.ts	Implements resolver that calls Vercel API with token fallback + response validation.
packages/world-vercel/src/resolve-latest-deployment.test.ts	Adds unit tests for resolver behavior (success, missing env/token, HTTP/schema errors).
packages/world-vercel/src/index.ts	Wires resolver into createVercelWorld().
packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts	Resolves 'latest' via world.resolveLatestDeploymentId() before run creation/queueing.
packages/core/src/runtime/start.test.ts	Adds tests for 'latest' behavior and error when unsupported.
.changeset/add-resolve-latest-deployment-world.md	Patch release note for @workflow/world.
.changeset/add-resolve-latest-deployment-world-vercel.md	Patch release note for @workflow/world-vercel.
.changeset/add-resolve-latest-deployment-core.md	Patch release note for @workflow/core.

---

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[VaguelySerious]

LGTM. Maybe deploymentId type should include 'latest' literal on a type level in packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts:28 ?

[TooTallNate]

Summary

• Adds optional resolveLatestDeploymentId() method to the World interface for resolving the most recent deployment ID sharing the same environment as the current deployment
• Implements resolveLatestDeploymentId() in world-vercel, which calls GET https://api.vercel.com/v1/workflow/resolve-latest-deployment/{deploymentId} using the current VERCEL_DEPLOYMENT_ID
• Updates start() in @workflow/core to handle the deploymentId: 'latest' sentinel: resolves it via world.resolveLatestDeploymentId() before passing the resolved ID to event creation, queue dispatch, encryption key derivation, and telemetry

Changes

File	Description
packages/world/src/interfaces.ts	Add optional resolveLatestDeploymentId?() to World interface
packages/world-vercel/src/resolve-latest-deployment.ts	New file: API call to resolve latest deployment ID
packages/world-vercel/src/index.ts	Wire resolveLatestDeploymentId into createVercelWorld()
packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts	Handle 'latest' sentinel before encryption/event/queue calls
packages/core/src/runtime/start.test.ts	4 new test cases for 'latest' resolution
packages/world-vercel/src/resolve-latest-deployment.test.ts	7 new test cases for the API call implementation

Test plan

• start() with deploymentId: 'latest' resolves via resolveLatestDeploymentId() and uses the resolved ID for events and queue
• start() with deploymentId: 'latest' throws WorkflowRuntimeError when the world doesn't implement resolveLatestDeploymentId()
• Normal deployment IDs and default (no deploymentId) are unaffected
• API call handles auth fallback (config token → OIDC → VERCEL_TOKEN), HTTP errors, and invalid responses

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 1c298ff

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 20 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
@workflow/world	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/world-local	Patch
@workflow/world-postgres	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workflow-nest	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.033s (+1.2%)	1.005s (~)	0.972s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.034s (+4.0%)	1.006s (~)	0.973s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.042s (+1.7%)	1.006s (~)	0.963s	10	1.29x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.044s (+1.1%)	1.006s (~)	0.962s	10	1.36x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.053s (-7.2% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.958s	10	1.62x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.053s (+4.5%)	1.012s (~)	0.959s	10	1.63x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.054s (+3.6%)	1.011s (~)	0.956s	10	1.67x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.067s (-20.4% 🟢)	1.009s (~)	0.942s	10	2.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.407s (-3.2%)	2.052s (+6.2% 🔺)	1.645s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.459s (-4.8%)	2.099s (-13.6% 🟢)	1.640s	10	1.13x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.650s (+36.9% 🔺)	2.518s (+11.3% 🔺)	1.868s	10	1.60x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.095s (-1.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.911s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.100s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.905s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.103s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.902s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.103s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.904s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.117s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.893s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.123s (~)	2.013s (~)	0.890s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.126s (+0.7%)	2.013s (~)	0.887s	10	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.298s (-1.4%)	2.008s (~)	0.711s	10	1.18x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.931s (-10.8% 🟢)	3.234s (-12.1% 🟢)	1.303s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.010s (-4.9%)	3.331s (+3.2%)	1.322s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.010s (-13.6% 🟢)	3.519s (-7.9% 🟢)	1.508s	10	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.636s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.386s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.693s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.332s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.768s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.253s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	10.783s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.240s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.808s (~)	11.043s (~)	0.235s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.808s (~)	11.040s (~)	0.232s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.851s (~)	11.041s (~)	0.190s	3	1.02x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.271s (~)	13.023s (~)	0.752s	3	1.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	16.564s (-5.6% 🟢)	18.075s (-3.7%)	1.512s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	16.743s (-5.0%)	17.808s (-9.0% 🟢)	1.065s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.785s (+0.5%)	19.231s (-2.3%)	1.446s	2	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	26.509s (~)	27.047s (~)	0.538s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	26.786s (-0.5%)	27.057s (~)	0.271s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	26.921s (~)	27.062s (~)	0.141s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	26.945s (~)	27.057s (~)	0.112s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	27.013s (~)	27.386s (+1.3%)	0.373s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.166s (~)	28.052s (~)	0.886s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	27.233s (~)	28.054s (~)	0.821s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.413s (~)	31.048s (~)	0.635s	2	1.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	44.479s (-0.9%)	45.894s (-1.9%)	1.415s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	44.978s (~)	46.283s (-0.8%)	1.305s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	45.069s (-1.8%)	45.877s (-2.8%)	0.809s	2	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	53.022s (~)	53.091s (-1.9%)	0.069s	2	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	53.582s (~)	54.080s (~)	0.498s	2	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	53.740s (~)	54.094s (~)	0.354s	2	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	53.863s (~)	54.107s (~)	0.244s	2	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	55.609s (~)	56.112s (~)	0.503s	2	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	56.031s (~)	56.097s (-1.8%)	0.066s	2	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	56.224s (~)	57.105s (+0.9%)	0.881s	2	1.06x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	60.294s (-1.0%)	60.594s (-0.8%)	0.301s	2	1.14x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	97.269s (-1.0%)	99.208s (-0.7%)	1.939s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	97.323s (-1.9%)	98.627s (-2.7%)	1.304s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	100.639s (+5.9% 🔺)	102.537s (+6.2% 🔺)	1.898s	1	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.296s (+0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.710s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.356s (-0.9%)	2.012s (~)	0.656s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.359s (+0.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.652s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.396s (+2.1%)	2.010s (~)	0.614s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.408s (+0.6%)	2.005s (~)	0.597s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.417s (+1.0%)	2.006s (~)	0.589s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Express	1.418s (+0.7%)	2.005s (~)	0.588s	15	1.09x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.127s (-0.9%)	3.008s (~)	0.881s	10	1.64x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.407s (-12.3% 🟢)	3.791s (-8.5% 🟢)	1.383s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.680s (+12.3% 🔺)	3.958s (+3.3%)	1.278s	8	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.920s (+29.1% 🔺)	4.045s (+20.5% 🔺)	1.126s	8	1.21x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.052s (+3.1%)	2.599s (~)	0.546s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.080s (+5.7% 🔺)	2.596s (-3.3%)	0.515s	12	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.100s (+1.4%)	2.600s (~)	0.500s	12	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.497s (~)	3.008s (~)	0.511s	10	1.22x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.573s (-5.3% 🟢)	3.008s (~)	0.435s	10	1.25x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.616s (-2.2%)	3.009s (~)	0.393s	10	1.27x
💻 Local	Express	2.698s (+1.0%)	3.008s (~)	0.310s	10	1.31x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.657s (~)	5.179s (~)	0.521s	6	2.27x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.555s (-21.4% 🟢)	3.618s (-21.0% 🟢)	1.063s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.573s (-3.9%)	3.780s (~)	1.207s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.858s (+1.4%)	3.837s (-9.3% 🟢)	0.980s	8	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.576s (-7.1% 🟢)	4.309s (-11.7% 🟢)	0.733s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.677s (+8.9% 🔺)	4.314s (+7.3% 🔺)	0.637s	7	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.752s (+18.4% 🔺)	4.598s (+17.7% 🔺)	0.846s	7	1.05x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.041s (-1.2%)	4.867s (-2.9%)	0.826s	7	1.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.799s (-12.4% 🟢)	7.216s (-15.3% 🟢)	0.416s	5	1.90x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.325s (-7.7% 🟢)	8.018s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.692s	4	2.05x
💻 Local	Express	7.747s (+2.2%)	8.022s (~)	0.275s	4	2.17x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.902s (-1.3%)	10.349s (-3.2%)	0.447s	3	2.77x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.110s (-4.7%)	4.596s (-1.3%)	1.486s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.244s (+0.9%)	4.477s (+5.1% 🔺)	1.233s	7	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.421s (+9.3% 🔺)	4.457s (+2.1%)	1.036s	7	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.250s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.757s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.358s (-1.4%)	2.011s (~)	0.654s	15	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.375s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.636s	15	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.384s (-2.3%)	2.010s (~)	0.627s	15	1.11x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.425s (-0.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.581s	15	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.429s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.577s	15	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	1.469s (+1.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.537s	15	1.18x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.155s (~)	3.009s (~)	0.854s	10	1.72x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.081s (-17.5% 🟢)	3.277s (-5.9% 🟢)	1.196s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.218s (~)	3.281s (-14.5% 🟢)	1.062s	10	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.556s (+0.9%)	3.896s (-6.5% 🟢)	1.340s	8	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.970s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.474s (-9.8% 🟢)	0.504s	13	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.050s (~)	2.744s (+2.4%)	0.694s	11	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.079s (+5.0%)	2.597s (+4.9%)	0.519s	12	1.05x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.591s (+3.4%)	3.009s (~)	0.418s	10	1.32x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.683s (+2.0%)	3.008s (~)	0.325s	10	1.36x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.728s (-1.6%)	3.009s (~)	0.281s	10	1.38x
💻 Local	Express	2.743s (-1.2%)	3.009s (~)	0.266s	10	1.39x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.686s (-2.3%)	5.177s (~)	0.492s	6	2.38x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.215s (-10.1% 🟢)	3.307s (-9.4% 🟢)	1.091s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.277s (-12.3% 🟢)	3.216s (-22.6% 🟢)	0.939s	10	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.927s (+1.3%)	4.238s (+3.2%)	1.311s	8	1.32x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.340s (-14.1% 🟢)	4.149s (-7.0% 🟢)	0.809s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.439s (-0.7%)	4.148s (+3.2%)	0.709s	8	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.666s (-7.0% 🟢)	4.738s (-2.8%)	1.072s	7	1.10x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.121s (+1.6%)	4.868s (+3.0%)	0.747s	7	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.736s (+5.1% 🔺)	8.018s (+3.2%)	0.282s	4	2.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.979s (-9.5% 🟢)	8.522s (-5.6% 🟢)	0.544s	4	2.39x
💻 Local	Express	8.210s (+3.7%)	9.026s (+9.1% 🔺)	0.817s	4	2.46x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.763s (-3.5%)	10.352s (-3.1%)	0.589s	3	2.92x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.761s (-5.1% 🟢)	3.984s (-7.4% 🟢)	1.223s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.841s (+3.2%)	4.182s (+0.6%)	1.341s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.399s (+5.7% 🔺)	5.017s (+13.7% 🔺)	1.619s	6	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.141s (-7.4% 🟢)	1.001s (~)	0.002s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.008s (~)	0.866s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.151s (+3.9%)	1.002s (~)	0.011s (+0.9%)	1.018s (~)	0.867s	10	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.169s (-4.1%)	1.001s (~)	0.002s (+6.2% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.843s	10	1.20x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.174s (+2.8%)	1.003s (~)	0.012s (~)	1.018s (~)	0.844s	10	1.23x
💻 Local	Express	0.175s (-1.2%)	1.003s (~)	0.012s (~)	1.017s (~)	0.843s	10	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.185s (-4.8%)	0.994s (~)	0.002s (~)	1.012s (~)	0.827s	10	1.31x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.202s (+7.2% 🔺)	0.995s (~)	0.002s (+30.8% 🔺)	1.013s (~)	0.811s	10	1.43x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.469s (-4.3%)	0.968s (+1.5%)	0.001s (-7.1% 🟢)	1.009s (~)	0.540s	10	3.32x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.721s (-4.2%)	2.624s (-12.9% 🟢)	0.004s (-7.9% 🟢)	3.135s (-79.9% 🟢)	1.414s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.773s (+3.7%)	2.962s (+9.9% 🔺)	0.034s (-89.3% 🟢)	15.577s (+332.0% 🔺)	13.805s	10	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.803s (+8.9% 🔺)	2.870s (+7.3% 🔺)	0.005s (-44.0% 🟢)	3.363s (+8.3% 🔺)	1.560s	10	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8/12
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	7/12
▲ Vercel	Express	5/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	6/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Redis	7/12
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	6/12

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	571	0	67	638
✅ 💻 Local Development	612	0	84	696
✅ 📦 Local Production	612	0	84	696
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	612	0	84	696
✅ 🪟 Windows	55	0	3	58
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	118	56	15	189
✅ 📋 Other	147	0	27	174
Total	2727	56	364	3147

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (56 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• webhookWorkflow
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

redis (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

turso (51 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent)
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• parallelSleepWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling retry behavior workflow completes despite transient 5xx on step_completed
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control)

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	51	0	7
✅ example	51	0	7
✅ express	51	0	7
✅ fastify	51	0	7
✅ hono	51	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	56	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	56	0	2
✅ nitro	51	0	7
✅ nuxt	51	0	7
✅ sveltekit	51	0	7
✅ vite	51	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	0	9
✅ express-stable	49	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	0	9
✅ hono-stable	49	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	0	9
✅ vite-stable	49	0	9

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	0	9
✅ express-stable	49	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	0	9
✅ hono-stable	49	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	0	9
✅ vite-stable	49	0	9

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	0	9
✅ express-stable	49	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	0	9
✅ hono-stable	49	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	0	9
✅ vite-stable	49	0	9

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	55	0	3

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	2
❌ mongodb	52	3	3
✅ redis-dev	3	0	2
❌ redis	53	2	3
✅ turso-dev	3	0	2
❌ turso	4	51	3

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	49	0	9
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	49	0	9
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	49	0	9

---

📋 View full workflow run

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

Adds a 'latest' sentinel for deploymentId in @workflow/core’s start() so runs can target the most recent deployment for the current environment, with Vercel-world support for resolving that deployment via a new API endpoint.

Changes:

• Extend World with optional resolveLatestDeploymentId() and wire it into world-vercel.
• Add Vercel implementation + tests for resolving latest deployment ID via GET /v1/workflow/resolve-latest-deployment/{deploymentId}.
• Update start() (and tests) to resolve 'latest' before event creation and queue dispatch.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 9 out of 9 changed files in this pull request and generated 3 comments.

Show a summary per file

File	Description
packages/world/src/interfaces.ts	Adds optional resolveLatestDeploymentId() to the World interface.
packages/world-vercel/src/resolve-latest-deployment.ts	Implements resolver that calls Vercel API with token fallback + response validation.
packages/world-vercel/src/resolve-latest-deployment.test.ts	Adds unit tests for resolver behavior (success, missing env/token, HTTP/schema errors).
packages/world-vercel/src/index.ts	Wires resolver into createVercelWorld().
packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts	Resolves 'latest' via world.resolveLatestDeploymentId() before run creation/queueing.
packages/core/src/runtime/start.test.ts	Adds tests for 'latest' behavior and error when unsupported.
.changeset/add-resolve-latest-deployment-world.md	Patch release note for @workflow/world.
.changeset/add-resolve-latest-deployment-world-vercel.md	Patch release note for @workflow/world-vercel.
.changeset/add-resolve-latest-deployment-core.md	Patch release note for @workflow/core.

---

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[VaguelySerious]

LGTM. Maybe deploymentId type should include 'latest' literal on a type level in packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts:28 ?

[TooTallNate]

Summary

• Adds optional resolveLatestDeploymentId() method to the World interface for resolving the most recent deployment ID sharing the same environment as the current deployment
• Implements resolveLatestDeploymentId() in world-vercel, which calls GET https://api.vercel.com/v1/workflow/resolve-latest-deployment/{deploymentId} using the current VERCEL_DEPLOYMENT_ID
• Updates start() in @workflow/core to handle the deploymentId: 'latest' sentinel: resolves it via world.resolveLatestDeploymentId() before passing the resolved ID to event creation, queue dispatch, encryption key derivation, and telemetry

Changes

File	Description
packages/world/src/interfaces.ts	Add optional resolveLatestDeploymentId?() to World interface
packages/world-vercel/src/resolve-latest-deployment.ts	New file: API call to resolve latest deployment ID
packages/world-vercel/src/index.ts	Wire resolveLatestDeploymentId into createVercelWorld()
packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts	Handle 'latest' sentinel before encryption/event/queue calls
packages/core/src/runtime/start.test.ts	4 new test cases for 'latest' resolution
packages/world-vercel/src/resolve-latest-deployment.test.ts	7 new test cases for the API call implementation

Test plan

• start() with deploymentId: 'latest' resolves via resolveLatestDeploymentId() and uses the resolved ID for events and queue
• start() with deploymentId: 'latest' throws WorkflowRuntimeError when the world doesn't implement resolveLatestDeploymentId()
• Normal deployment IDs and default (no deploymentId) are unaffected
• API call handles auth fallback (config token → OIDC → VERCEL_TOKEN), HTTP errors, and invalid responses

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 1c298ff

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 20 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
@workflow/world	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/world-local	Patch
@workflow/world-postgres	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workflow-nest	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.033s (+1.2%)	1.005s (~)	0.972s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.034s (+4.0%)	1.006s (~)	0.973s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.042s (+1.7%)	1.006s (~)	0.963s	10	1.29x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.044s (+1.1%)	1.006s (~)	0.962s	10	1.36x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.053s (-7.2% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.958s	10	1.62x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.053s (+4.5%)	1.012s (~)	0.959s	10	1.63x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.054s (+3.6%)	1.011s (~)	0.956s	10	1.67x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.067s (-20.4% 🟢)	1.009s (~)	0.942s	10	2.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.407s (-3.2%)	2.052s (+6.2% 🔺)	1.645s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.459s (-4.8%)	2.099s (-13.6% 🟢)	1.640s	10	1.13x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.650s (+36.9% 🔺)	2.518s (+11.3% 🔺)	1.868s	10	1.60x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.095s (-1.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.911s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.100s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.905s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.103s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.902s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.103s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.904s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.117s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.893s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.123s (~)	2.013s (~)	0.890s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.126s (+0.7%)	2.013s (~)	0.887s	10	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.298s (-1.4%)	2.008s (~)	0.711s	10	1.18x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.931s (-10.8% 🟢)	3.234s (-12.1% 🟢)	1.303s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.010s (-4.9%)	3.331s (+3.2%)	1.322s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.010s (-13.6% 🟢)	3.519s (-7.9% 🟢)	1.508s	10	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.636s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.386s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.693s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.332s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.768s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.253s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	10.783s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.240s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.808s (~)	11.043s (~)	0.235s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.808s (~)	11.040s (~)	0.232s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.851s (~)	11.041s (~)	0.190s	3	1.02x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.271s (~)	13.023s (~)	0.752s	3	1.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	16.564s (-5.6% 🟢)	18.075s (-3.7%)	1.512s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	16.743s (-5.0%)	17.808s (-9.0% 🟢)	1.065s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.785s (+0.5%)	19.231s (-2.3%)	1.446s	2	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	26.509s (~)	27.047s (~)	0.538s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	26.786s (-0.5%)	27.057s (~)	0.271s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	26.921s (~)	27.062s (~)	0.141s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	26.945s (~)	27.057s (~)	0.112s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	27.013s (~)	27.386s (+1.3%)	0.373s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.166s (~)	28.052s (~)	0.886s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	27.233s (~)	28.054s (~)	0.821s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.413s (~)	31.048s (~)	0.635s	2	1.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	44.479s (-0.9%)	45.894s (-1.9%)	1.415s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	44.978s (~)	46.283s (-0.8%)	1.305s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	45.069s (-1.8%)	45.877s (-2.8%)	0.809s	2	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	53.022s (~)	53.091s (-1.9%)	0.069s	2	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	53.582s (~)	54.080s (~)	0.498s	2	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	53.740s (~)	54.094s (~)	0.354s	2	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	53.863s (~)	54.107s (~)	0.244s	2	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	55.609s (~)	56.112s (~)	0.503s	2	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	56.031s (~)	56.097s (-1.8%)	0.066s	2	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	56.224s (~)	57.105s (+0.9%)	0.881s	2	1.06x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	60.294s (-1.0%)	60.594s (-0.8%)	0.301s	2	1.14x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	97.269s (-1.0%)	99.208s (-0.7%)	1.939s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	97.323s (-1.9%)	98.627s (-2.7%)	1.304s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	100.639s (+5.9% 🔺)	102.537s (+6.2% 🔺)	1.898s	1	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.296s (+0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.710s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.356s (-0.9%)	2.012s (~)	0.656s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.359s (+0.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.652s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.396s (+2.1%)	2.010s (~)	0.614s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.408s (+0.6%)	2.005s (~)	0.597s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.417s (+1.0%)	2.006s (~)	0.589s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Express	1.418s (+0.7%)	2.005s (~)	0.588s	15	1.09x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.127s (-0.9%)	3.008s (~)	0.881s	10	1.64x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.407s (-12.3% 🟢)	3.791s (-8.5% 🟢)	1.383s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.680s (+12.3% 🔺)	3.958s (+3.3%)	1.278s	8	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.920s (+29.1% 🔺)	4.045s (+20.5% 🔺)	1.126s	8	1.21x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.052s (+3.1%)	2.599s (~)	0.546s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.080s (+5.7% 🔺)	2.596s (-3.3%)	0.515s	12	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.100s (+1.4%)	2.600s (~)	0.500s	12	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.497s (~)	3.008s (~)	0.511s	10	1.22x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.573s (-5.3% 🟢)	3.008s (~)	0.435s	10	1.25x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.616s (-2.2%)	3.009s (~)	0.393s	10	1.27x
💻 Local	Express	2.698s (+1.0%)	3.008s (~)	0.310s	10	1.31x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.657s (~)	5.179s (~)	0.521s	6	2.27x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.555s (-21.4% 🟢)	3.618s (-21.0% 🟢)	1.063s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.573s (-3.9%)	3.780s (~)	1.207s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.858s (+1.4%)	3.837s (-9.3% 🟢)	0.980s	8	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.576s (-7.1% 🟢)	4.309s (-11.7% 🟢)	0.733s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.677s (+8.9% 🔺)	4.314s (+7.3% 🔺)	0.637s	7	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.752s (+18.4% 🔺)	4.598s (+17.7% 🔺)	0.846s	7	1.05x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.041s (-1.2%)	4.867s (-2.9%)	0.826s	7	1.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.799s (-12.4% 🟢)	7.216s (-15.3% 🟢)	0.416s	5	1.90x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.325s (-7.7% 🟢)	8.018s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.692s	4	2.05x
💻 Local	Express	7.747s (+2.2%)	8.022s (~)	0.275s	4	2.17x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.902s (-1.3%)	10.349s (-3.2%)	0.447s	3	2.77x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.110s (-4.7%)	4.596s (-1.3%)	1.486s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.244s (+0.9%)	4.477s (+5.1% 🔺)	1.233s	7	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.421s (+9.3% 🔺)	4.457s (+2.1%)	1.036s	7	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.250s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.757s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.358s (-1.4%)	2.011s (~)	0.654s	15	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.375s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.636s	15	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.384s (-2.3%)	2.010s (~)	0.627s	15	1.11x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.425s (-0.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.581s	15	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.429s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.577s	15	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	1.469s (+1.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.537s	15	1.18x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.155s (~)	3.009s (~)	0.854s	10	1.72x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.081s (-17.5% 🟢)	3.277s (-5.9% 🟢)	1.196s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.218s (~)	3.281s (-14.5% 🟢)	1.062s	10	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.556s (+0.9%)	3.896s (-6.5% 🟢)	1.340s	8	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.970s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.474s (-9.8% 🟢)	0.504s	13	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.050s (~)	2.744s (+2.4%)	0.694s	11	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.079s (+5.0%)	2.597s (+4.9%)	0.519s	12	1.05x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.591s (+3.4%)	3.009s (~)	0.418s	10	1.32x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.683s (+2.0%)	3.008s (~)	0.325s	10	1.36x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.728s (-1.6%)	3.009s (~)	0.281s	10	1.38x
💻 Local	Express	2.743s (-1.2%)	3.009s (~)	0.266s	10	1.39x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.686s (-2.3%)	5.177s (~)	0.492s	6	2.38x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.215s (-10.1% 🟢)	3.307s (-9.4% 🟢)	1.091s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.277s (-12.3% 🟢)	3.216s (-22.6% 🟢)	0.939s	10	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.927s (+1.3%)	4.238s (+3.2%)	1.311s	8	1.32x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.340s (-14.1% 🟢)	4.149s (-7.0% 🟢)	0.809s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.439s (-0.7%)	4.148s (+3.2%)	0.709s	8	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.666s (-7.0% 🟢)	4.738s (-2.8%)	1.072s	7	1.10x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.121s (+1.6%)	4.868s (+3.0%)	0.747s	7	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.736s (+5.1% 🔺)	8.018s (+3.2%)	0.282s	4	2.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.979s (-9.5% 🟢)	8.522s (-5.6% 🟢)	0.544s	4	2.39x
💻 Local	Express	8.210s (+3.7%)	9.026s (+9.1% 🔺)	0.817s	4	2.46x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.763s (-3.5%)	10.352s (-3.1%)	0.589s	3	2.92x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.761s (-5.1% 🟢)	3.984s (-7.4% 🟢)	1.223s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.841s (+3.2%)	4.182s (+0.6%)	1.341s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.399s (+5.7% 🔺)	5.017s (+13.7% 🔺)	1.619s	6	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.141s (-7.4% 🟢)	1.001s (~)	0.002s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.008s (~)	0.866s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.151s (+3.9%)	1.002s (~)	0.011s (+0.9%)	1.018s (~)	0.867s	10	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.169s (-4.1%)	1.001s (~)	0.002s (+6.2% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.843s	10	1.20x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.174s (+2.8%)	1.003s (~)	0.012s (~)	1.018s (~)	0.844s	10	1.23x
💻 Local	Express	0.175s (-1.2%)	1.003s (~)	0.012s (~)	1.017s (~)	0.843s	10	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.185s (-4.8%)	0.994s (~)	0.002s (~)	1.012s (~)	0.827s	10	1.31x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.202s (+7.2% 🔺)	0.995s (~)	0.002s (+30.8% 🔺)	1.013s (~)	0.811s	10	1.43x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.469s (-4.3%)	0.968s (+1.5%)	0.001s (-7.1% 🟢)	1.009s (~)	0.540s	10	3.32x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.721s (-4.2%)	2.624s (-12.9% 🟢)	0.004s (-7.9% 🟢)	3.135s (-79.9% 🟢)	1.414s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.773s (+3.7%)	2.962s (+9.9% 🔺)	0.034s (-89.3% 🟢)	15.577s (+332.0% 🔺)	13.805s	10	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.803s (+8.9% 🔺)	2.870s (+7.3% 🔺)	0.005s (-44.0% 🟢)	3.363s (+8.3% 🔺)	1.560s	10	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8/12
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	7/12
▲ Vercel	Express	5/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	6/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Redis	7/12
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	6/12

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	571	0	67	638
✅ 💻 Local Development	612	0	84	696
✅ 📦 Local Production	612	0	84	696
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	612	0	84	696
✅ 🪟 Windows	55	0	3	58
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	118	56	15	189
✅ 📋 Other	147	0	27	174
Total	2727	56	364	3147

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (56 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• webhookWorkflow
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

redis (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

turso (51 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent)
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• parallelSleepWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling retry behavior workflow completes despite transient 5xx on step_completed
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control)

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	51	0	7
✅ example	51	0	7
✅ express	51	0	7
✅ fastify	51	0	7
✅ hono	51	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	56	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	56	0	2
✅ nitro	51	0	7
✅ nuxt	51	0	7
✅ sveltekit	51	0	7
✅ vite	51	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	0	9
✅ express-stable	49	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	0	9
✅ hono-stable	49	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	0	9
✅ vite-stable	49	0	9

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	0	9
✅ express-stable	49	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	0	9
✅ hono-stable	49	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	0	9
✅ vite-stable	49	0	9

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	0	9
✅ express-stable	49	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	0	9
✅ hono-stable	49	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	0	9
✅ vite-stable	49	0	9

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	55	0	3

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	2
❌ mongodb	52	3	3
✅ redis-dev	3	0	2
❌ redis	53	2	3
✅ turso-dev	3	0	2
❌ turso	4	51	3

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	49	0	9
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	49	0	9
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	49	0	9

---

📋 View full workflow run

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

Adds a 'latest' sentinel for deploymentId in @workflow/core’s start() so runs can target the most recent deployment for the current environment, with Vercel-world support for resolving that deployment via a new API endpoint.

Changes:

• Extend World with optional resolveLatestDeploymentId() and wire it into world-vercel.
• Add Vercel implementation + tests for resolving latest deployment ID via GET /v1/workflow/resolve-latest-deployment/{deploymentId}.
• Update start() (and tests) to resolve 'latest' before event creation and queue dispatch.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 9 out of 9 changed files in this pull request and generated 3 comments.

Show a summary per file

File	Description
packages/world/src/interfaces.ts	Adds optional resolveLatestDeploymentId() to the World interface.
packages/world-vercel/src/resolve-latest-deployment.ts	Implements resolver that calls Vercel API with token fallback + response validation.
packages/world-vercel/src/resolve-latest-deployment.test.ts	Adds unit tests for resolver behavior (success, missing env/token, HTTP/schema errors).
packages/world-vercel/src/index.ts	Wires resolver into createVercelWorld().
packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts	Resolves 'latest' via world.resolveLatestDeploymentId() before run creation/queueing.
packages/core/src/runtime/start.test.ts	Adds tests for 'latest' behavior and error when unsupported.
.changeset/add-resolve-latest-deployment-world.md	Patch release note for @workflow/world.
.changeset/add-resolve-latest-deployment-world-vercel.md	Patch release note for @workflow/world-vercel.
.changeset/add-resolve-latest-deployment-core.md	Patch release note for @workflow/core.

---

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[VaguelySerious]

LGTM. Maybe deploymentId type should include 'latest' literal on a type level in packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts:28 ?

[TooTallNate]

Summary

• Adds optional resolveLatestDeploymentId() method to the World interface for resolving the most recent deployment ID sharing the same environment as the current deployment
• Implements resolveLatestDeploymentId() in world-vercel, which calls GET https://api.vercel.com/v1/workflow/resolve-latest-deployment/{deploymentId} using the current VERCEL_DEPLOYMENT_ID
• Updates start() in @workflow/core to handle the deploymentId: 'latest' sentinel: resolves it via world.resolveLatestDeploymentId() before passing the resolved ID to event creation, queue dispatch, encryption key derivation, and telemetry

Changes

File	Description
packages/world/src/interfaces.ts	Add optional resolveLatestDeploymentId?() to World interface
packages/world-vercel/src/resolve-latest-deployment.ts	New file: API call to resolve latest deployment ID
packages/world-vercel/src/index.ts	Wire resolveLatestDeploymentId into createVercelWorld()
packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts	Handle 'latest' sentinel before encryption/event/queue calls
packages/core/src/runtime/start.test.ts	4 new test cases for 'latest' resolution
packages/world-vercel/src/resolve-latest-deployment.test.ts	7 new test cases for the API call implementation

Test plan

• start() with deploymentId: 'latest' resolves via resolveLatestDeploymentId() and uses the resolved ID for events and queue
• start() with deploymentId: 'latest' throws WorkflowRuntimeError when the world doesn't implement resolveLatestDeploymentId()
• Normal deployment IDs and default (no deploymentId) are unaffected
• API call handles auth fallback (config token → OIDC → VERCEL_TOKEN), HTTP errors, and invalid responses

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 1c298ff

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 20 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
@workflow/world	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/world-local	Patch
@workflow/world-postgres	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workflow-nest	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.033s (+1.2%)	1.005s (~)	0.972s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.034s (+4.0%)	1.006s (~)	0.973s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.042s (+1.7%)	1.006s (~)	0.963s	10	1.29x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.044s (+1.1%)	1.006s (~)	0.962s	10	1.36x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.053s (-7.2% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.958s	10	1.62x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.053s (+4.5%)	1.012s (~)	0.959s	10	1.63x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.054s (+3.6%)	1.011s (~)	0.956s	10	1.67x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.067s (-20.4% 🟢)	1.009s (~)	0.942s	10	2.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.407s (-3.2%)	2.052s (+6.2% 🔺)	1.645s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.459s (-4.8%)	2.099s (-13.6% 🟢)	1.640s	10	1.13x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.650s (+36.9% 🔺)	2.518s (+11.3% 🔺)	1.868s	10	1.60x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.095s (-1.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.911s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.100s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.905s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.103s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.902s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.103s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.904s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.117s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.893s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.123s (~)	2.013s (~)	0.890s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.126s (+0.7%)	2.013s (~)	0.887s	10	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.298s (-1.4%)	2.008s (~)	0.711s	10	1.18x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.931s (-10.8% 🟢)	3.234s (-12.1% 🟢)	1.303s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.010s (-4.9%)	3.331s (+3.2%)	1.322s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.010s (-13.6% 🟢)	3.519s (-7.9% 🟢)	1.508s	10	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.636s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.386s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.693s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.332s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.768s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.253s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	10.783s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.240s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.808s (~)	11.043s (~)	0.235s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.808s (~)	11.040s (~)	0.232s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.851s (~)	11.041s (~)	0.190s	3	1.02x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.271s (~)	13.023s (~)	0.752s	3	1.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	16.564s (-5.6% 🟢)	18.075s (-3.7%)	1.512s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	16.743s (-5.0%)	17.808s (-9.0% 🟢)	1.065s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.785s (+0.5%)	19.231s (-2.3%)	1.446s	2	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	26.509s (~)	27.047s (~)	0.538s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	26.786s (-0.5%)	27.057s (~)	0.271s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	26.921s (~)	27.062s (~)	0.141s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	26.945s (~)	27.057s (~)	0.112s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	27.013s (~)	27.386s (+1.3%)	0.373s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.166s (~)	28.052s (~)	0.886s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	27.233s (~)	28.054s (~)	0.821s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.413s (~)	31.048s (~)	0.635s	2	1.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	44.479s (-0.9%)	45.894s (-1.9%)	1.415s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	44.978s (~)	46.283s (-0.8%)	1.305s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	45.069s (-1.8%)	45.877s (-2.8%)	0.809s	2	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	53.022s (~)	53.091s (-1.9%)	0.069s	2	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	53.582s (~)	54.080s (~)	0.498s	2	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	53.740s (~)	54.094s (~)	0.354s	2	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	53.863s (~)	54.107s (~)	0.244s	2	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	55.609s (~)	56.112s (~)	0.503s	2	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	56.031s (~)	56.097s (-1.8%)	0.066s	2	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	56.224s (~)	57.105s (+0.9%)	0.881s	2	1.06x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	60.294s (-1.0%)	60.594s (-0.8%)	0.301s	2	1.14x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	97.269s (-1.0%)	99.208s (-0.7%)	1.939s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	97.323s (-1.9%)	98.627s (-2.7%)	1.304s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	100.639s (+5.9% 🔺)	102.537s (+6.2% 🔺)	1.898s	1	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.296s (+0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.710s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.356s (-0.9%)	2.012s (~)	0.656s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.359s (+0.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.652s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.396s (+2.1%)	2.010s (~)	0.614s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.408s (+0.6%)	2.005s (~)	0.597s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.417s (+1.0%)	2.006s (~)	0.589s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Express	1.418s (+0.7%)	2.005s (~)	0.588s	15	1.09x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.127s (-0.9%)	3.008s (~)	0.881s	10	1.64x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.407s (-12.3% 🟢)	3.791s (-8.5% 🟢)	1.383s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.680s (+12.3% 🔺)	3.958s (+3.3%)	1.278s	8	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.920s (+29.1% 🔺)	4.045s (+20.5% 🔺)	1.126s	8	1.21x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.052s (+3.1%)	2.599s (~)	0.546s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.080s (+5.7% 🔺)	2.596s (-3.3%)	0.515s	12	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.100s (+1.4%)	2.600s (~)	0.500s	12	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.497s (~)	3.008s (~)	0.511s	10	1.22x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.573s (-5.3% 🟢)	3.008s (~)	0.435s	10	1.25x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.616s (-2.2%)	3.009s (~)	0.393s	10	1.27x
💻 Local	Express	2.698s (+1.0%)	3.008s (~)	0.310s	10	1.31x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.657s (~)	5.179s (~)	0.521s	6	2.27x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.555s (-21.4% 🟢)	3.618s (-21.0% 🟢)	1.063s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.573s (-3.9%)	3.780s (~)	1.207s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.858s (+1.4%)	3.837s (-9.3% 🟢)	0.980s	8	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.576s (-7.1% 🟢)	4.309s (-11.7% 🟢)	0.733s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.677s (+8.9% 🔺)	4.314s (+7.3% 🔺)	0.637s	7	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.752s (+18.4% 🔺)	4.598s (+17.7% 🔺)	0.846s	7	1.05x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.041s (-1.2%)	4.867s (-2.9%)	0.826s	7	1.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.799s (-12.4% 🟢)	7.216s (-15.3% 🟢)	0.416s	5	1.90x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.325s (-7.7% 🟢)	8.018s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.692s	4	2.05x
💻 Local	Express	7.747s (+2.2%)	8.022s (~)	0.275s	4	2.17x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.902s (-1.3%)	10.349s (-3.2%)	0.447s	3	2.77x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.110s (-4.7%)	4.596s (-1.3%)	1.486s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.244s (+0.9%)	4.477s (+5.1% 🔺)	1.233s	7	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.421s (+9.3% 🔺)	4.457s (+2.1%)	1.036s	7	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.250s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.757s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.358s (-1.4%)	2.011s (~)	0.654s	15	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.375s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.636s	15	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.384s (-2.3%)	2.010s (~)	0.627s	15	1.11x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.425s (-0.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.581s	15	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.429s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.577s	15	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	1.469s (+1.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.537s	15	1.18x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.155s (~)	3.009s (~)	0.854s	10	1.72x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.081s (-17.5% 🟢)	3.277s (-5.9% 🟢)	1.196s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.218s (~)	3.281s (-14.5% 🟢)	1.062s	10	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.556s (+0.9%)	3.896s (-6.5% 🟢)	1.340s	8	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.970s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.474s (-9.8% 🟢)	0.504s	13	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.050s (~)	2.744s (+2.4%)	0.694s	11	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.079s (+5.0%)	2.597s (+4.9%)	0.519s	12	1.05x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.591s (+3.4%)	3.009s (~)	0.418s	10	1.32x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.683s (+2.0%)	3.008s (~)	0.325s	10	1.36x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.728s (-1.6%)	3.009s (~)	0.281s	10	1.38x
💻 Local	Express	2.743s (-1.2%)	3.009s (~)	0.266s	10	1.39x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.686s (-2.3%)	5.177s (~)	0.492s	6	2.38x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.215s (-10.1% 🟢)	3.307s (-9.4% 🟢)	1.091s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.277s (-12.3% 🟢)	3.216s (-22.6% 🟢)	0.939s	10	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.927s (+1.3%)	4.238s (+3.2%)	1.311s	8	1.32x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.340s (-14.1% 🟢)	4.149s (-7.0% 🟢)	0.809s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.439s (-0.7%)	4.148s (+3.2%)	0.709s	8	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.666s (-7.0% 🟢)	4.738s (-2.8%)	1.072s	7	1.10x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.121s (+1.6%)	4.868s (+3.0%)	0.747s	7	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.736s (+5.1% 🔺)	8.018s (+3.2%)	0.282s	4	2.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.979s (-9.5% 🟢)	8.522s (-5.6% 🟢)	0.544s	4	2.39x
💻 Local	Express	8.210s (+3.7%)	9.026s (+9.1% 🔺)	0.817s	4	2.46x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.763s (-3.5%)	10.352s (-3.1%)	0.589s	3	2.92x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.761s (-5.1% 🟢)	3.984s (-7.4% 🟢)	1.223s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.841s (+3.2%)	4.182s (+0.6%)	1.341s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.399s (+5.7% 🔺)	5.017s (+13.7% 🔺)	1.619s	6	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.141s (-7.4% 🟢)	1.001s (~)	0.002s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.008s (~)	0.866s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.151s (+3.9%)	1.002s (~)	0.011s (+0.9%)	1.018s (~)	0.867s	10	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.169s (-4.1%)	1.001s (~)	0.002s (+6.2% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.843s	10	1.20x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.174s (+2.8%)	1.003s (~)	0.012s (~)	1.018s (~)	0.844s	10	1.23x
💻 Local	Express	0.175s (-1.2%)	1.003s (~)	0.012s (~)	1.017s (~)	0.843s	10	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.185s (-4.8%)	0.994s (~)	0.002s (~)	1.012s (~)	0.827s	10	1.31x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.202s (+7.2% 🔺)	0.995s (~)	0.002s (+30.8% 🔺)	1.013s (~)	0.811s	10	1.43x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.469s (-4.3%)	0.968s (+1.5%)	0.001s (-7.1% 🟢)	1.009s (~)	0.540s	10	3.32x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.721s (-4.2%)	2.624s (-12.9% 🟢)	0.004s (-7.9% 🟢)	3.135s (-79.9% 🟢)	1.414s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.773s (+3.7%)	2.962s (+9.9% 🔺)	0.034s (-89.3% 🟢)	15.577s (+332.0% 🔺)	13.805s	10	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.803s (+8.9% 🔺)	2.870s (+7.3% 🔺)	0.005s (-44.0% 🟢)	3.363s (+8.3% 🔺)	1.560s	10	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8/12
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	7/12
▲ Vercel	Express	5/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	6/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Redis	7/12
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	6/12

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	571	0	67	638
✅ 💻 Local Development	612	0	84	696
✅ 📦 Local Production	612	0	84	696
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	612	0	84	696
✅ 🪟 Windows	55	0	3	58
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	118	56	15	189
✅ 📋 Other	147	0	27	174
Total	2727	56	364	3147

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (56 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• webhookWorkflow
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

redis (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

turso (51 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent)
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• parallelSleepWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling retry behavior workflow completes despite transient 5xx on step_completed
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control)

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	51	0	7
✅ example	51	0	7
✅ express	51	0	7
✅ fastify	51	0	7
✅ hono	51	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	56	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	56	0	2
✅ nitro	51	0	7
✅ nuxt	51	0	7
✅ sveltekit	51	0	7
✅ vite	51	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	0	9
✅ express-stable	49	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	0	9
✅ hono-stable	49	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	0	9
✅ vite-stable	49	0	9

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	0	9
✅ express-stable	49	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	0	9
✅ hono-stable	49	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	0	9
✅ vite-stable	49	0	9

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	0	9
✅ express-stable	49	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	0	9
✅ hono-stable	49	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	0	9
✅ vite-stable	49	0	9

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	55	0	3

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	2
❌ mongodb	52	3	3
✅ redis-dev	3	0	2
❌ redis	53	2	3
✅ turso-dev	3	0	2
❌ turso	4	51	3

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	49	0	9
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	49	0	9
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	49	0	9

---

📋 View full workflow run

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

Adds a 'latest' sentinel for deploymentId in @workflow/core’s start() so runs can target the most recent deployment for the current environment, with Vercel-world support for resolving that deployment via a new API endpoint.

Changes:

• Extend World with optional resolveLatestDeploymentId() and wire it into world-vercel.
• Add Vercel implementation + tests for resolving latest deployment ID via GET /v1/workflow/resolve-latest-deployment/{deploymentId}.
• Update start() (and tests) to resolve 'latest' before event creation and queue dispatch.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 9 out of 9 changed files in this pull request and generated 3 comments.

Show a summary per file

File	Description
packages/world/src/interfaces.ts	Adds optional resolveLatestDeploymentId() to the World interface.
packages/world-vercel/src/resolve-latest-deployment.ts	Implements resolver that calls Vercel API with token fallback + response validation.
packages/world-vercel/src/resolve-latest-deployment.test.ts	Adds unit tests for resolver behavior (success, missing env/token, HTTP/schema errors).
packages/world-vercel/src/index.ts	Wires resolver into createVercelWorld().
packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts	Resolves 'latest' via world.resolveLatestDeploymentId() before run creation/queueing.
packages/core/src/runtime/start.test.ts	Adds tests for 'latest' behavior and error when unsupported.
.changeset/add-resolve-latest-deployment-world.md	Patch release note for @workflow/world.
.changeset/add-resolve-latest-deployment-world-vercel.md	Patch release note for @workflow/world-vercel.
.changeset/add-resolve-latest-deployment-core.md	Patch release note for @workflow/core.

---

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[VaguelySerious]

LGTM. Maybe deploymentId type should include 'latest' literal on a type level in packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts:28 ?

[TooTallNate]

Summary

• Adds optional resolveLatestDeploymentId() method to the World interface for resolving the most recent deployment ID sharing the same environment as the current deployment
• Implements resolveLatestDeploymentId() in world-vercel, which calls GET https://api.vercel.com/v1/workflow/resolve-latest-deployment/{deploymentId} using the current VERCEL_DEPLOYMENT_ID
• Updates start() in @workflow/core to handle the deploymentId: 'latest' sentinel: resolves it via world.resolveLatestDeploymentId() before passing the resolved ID to event creation, queue dispatch, encryption key derivation, and telemetry

Changes

File	Description
packages/world/src/interfaces.ts	Add optional resolveLatestDeploymentId?() to World interface
packages/world-vercel/src/resolve-latest-deployment.ts	New file: API call to resolve latest deployment ID
packages/world-vercel/src/index.ts	Wire resolveLatestDeploymentId into createVercelWorld()
packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts	Handle 'latest' sentinel before encryption/event/queue calls
packages/core/src/runtime/start.test.ts	4 new test cases for 'latest' resolution
packages/world-vercel/src/resolve-latest-deployment.test.ts	7 new test cases for the API call implementation

Test plan

• start() with deploymentId: 'latest' resolves via resolveLatestDeploymentId() and uses the resolved ID for events and queue
• start() with deploymentId: 'latest' throws WorkflowRuntimeError when the world doesn't implement resolveLatestDeploymentId()
• Normal deployment IDs and default (no deploymentId) are unaffected
• API call handles auth fallback (config token → OIDC → VERCEL_TOKEN), HTTP errors, and invalid responses

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 1c298ff

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 20 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
@workflow/world	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/world-local	Patch
@workflow/world-postgres	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workflow-nest	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 11, 2026 5:56pm

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.033s (+1.2%)	1.005s (~)	0.972s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.034s (+4.0%)	1.006s (~)	0.973s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.042s (+1.7%)	1.006s (~)	0.963s	10	1.29x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.044s (+1.1%)	1.006s (~)	0.962s	10	1.36x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.053s (-7.2% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.958s	10	1.62x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.053s (+4.5%)	1.012s (~)	0.959s	10	1.63x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.054s (+3.6%)	1.011s (~)	0.956s	10	1.67x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.067s (-20.4% 🟢)	1.009s (~)	0.942s	10	2.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.407s (-3.2%)	2.052s (+6.2% 🔺)	1.645s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.459s (-4.8%)	2.099s (-13.6% 🟢)	1.640s	10	1.13x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.650s (+36.9% 🔺)	2.518s (+11.3% 🔺)	1.868s	10	1.60x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.095s (-1.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.911s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.100s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.905s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.103s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.902s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.103s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.904s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.117s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.893s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.123s (~)	2.013s (~)	0.890s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.126s (+0.7%)	2.013s (~)	0.887s	10	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.298s (-1.4%)	2.008s (~)	0.711s	10	1.18x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.931s (-10.8% 🟢)	3.234s (-12.1% 🟢)	1.303s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.010s (-4.9%)	3.331s (+3.2%)	1.322s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.010s (-13.6% 🟢)	3.519s (-7.9% 🟢)	1.508s	10	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.636s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.386s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.693s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.332s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.768s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.253s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	10.783s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.240s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.808s (~)	11.043s (~)	0.235s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.808s (~)	11.040s (~)	0.232s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.851s (~)	11.041s (~)	0.190s	3	1.02x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.271s (~)	13.023s (~)	0.752s	3	1.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	16.564s (-5.6% 🟢)	18.075s (-3.7%)	1.512s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	16.743s (-5.0%)	17.808s (-9.0% 🟢)	1.065s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.785s (+0.5%)	19.231s (-2.3%)	1.446s	2	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	26.509s (~)	27.047s (~)	0.538s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	26.786s (-0.5%)	27.057s (~)	0.271s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	26.921s (~)	27.062s (~)	0.141s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	26.945s (~)	27.057s (~)	0.112s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	27.013s (~)	27.386s (+1.3%)	0.373s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.166s (~)	28.052s (~)	0.886s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	27.233s (~)	28.054s (~)	0.821s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.413s (~)	31.048s (~)	0.635s	2	1.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	44.479s (-0.9%)	45.894s (-1.9%)	1.415s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	44.978s (~)	46.283s (-0.8%)	1.305s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	45.069s (-1.8%)	45.877s (-2.8%)	0.809s	2	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	53.022s (~)	53.091s (-1.9%)	0.069s	2	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	53.582s (~)	54.080s (~)	0.498s	2	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	53.740s (~)	54.094s (~)	0.354s	2	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	53.863s (~)	54.107s (~)	0.244s	2	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	55.609s (~)	56.112s (~)	0.503s	2	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	56.031s (~)	56.097s (-1.8%)	0.066s	2	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	56.224s (~)	57.105s (+0.9%)	0.881s	2	1.06x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	60.294s (-1.0%)	60.594s (-0.8%)	0.301s	2	1.14x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	97.269s (-1.0%)	99.208s (-0.7%)	1.939s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	97.323s (-1.9%)	98.627s (-2.7%)	1.304s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	100.639s (+5.9% 🔺)	102.537s (+6.2% 🔺)	1.898s	1	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.296s (+0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.710s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.356s (-0.9%)	2.012s (~)	0.656s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.359s (+0.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.652s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.396s (+2.1%)	2.010s (~)	0.614s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.408s (+0.6%)	2.005s (~)	0.597s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.417s (+1.0%)	2.006s (~)	0.589s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Express	1.418s (+0.7%)	2.005s (~)	0.588s	15	1.09x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.127s (-0.9%)	3.008s (~)	0.881s	10	1.64x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.407s (-12.3% 🟢)	3.791s (-8.5% 🟢)	1.383s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.680s (+12.3% 🔺)	3.958s (+3.3%)	1.278s	8	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.920s (+29.1% 🔺)	4.045s (+20.5% 🔺)	1.126s	8	1.21x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.052s (+3.1%)	2.599s (~)	0.546s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.080s (+5.7% 🔺)	2.596s (-3.3%)	0.515s	12	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.100s (+1.4%)	2.600s (~)	0.500s	12	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.497s (~)	3.008s (~)	0.511s	10	1.22x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.573s (-5.3% 🟢)	3.008s (~)	0.435s	10	1.25x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.616s (-2.2%)	3.009s (~)	0.393s	10	1.27x
💻 Local	Express	2.698s (+1.0%)	3.008s (~)	0.310s	10	1.31x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.657s (~)	5.179s (~)	0.521s	6	2.27x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.555s (-21.4% 🟢)	3.618s (-21.0% 🟢)	1.063s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.573s (-3.9%)	3.780s (~)	1.207s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.858s (+1.4%)	3.837s (-9.3% 🟢)	0.980s	8	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.576s (-7.1% 🟢)	4.309s (-11.7% 🟢)	0.733s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.677s (+8.9% 🔺)	4.314s (+7.3% 🔺)	0.637s	7	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.752s (+18.4% 🔺)	4.598s (+17.7% 🔺)	0.846s	7	1.05x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.041s (-1.2%)	4.867s (-2.9%)	0.826s	7	1.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.799s (-12.4% 🟢)	7.216s (-15.3% 🟢)	0.416s	5	1.90x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.325s (-7.7% 🟢)	8.018s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.692s	4	2.05x
💻 Local	Express	7.747s (+2.2%)	8.022s (~)	0.275s	4	2.17x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.902s (-1.3%)	10.349s (-3.2%)	0.447s	3	2.77x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.110s (-4.7%)	4.596s (-1.3%)	1.486s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.244s (+0.9%)	4.477s (+5.1% 🔺)	1.233s	7	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.421s (+9.3% 🔺)	4.457s (+2.1%)	1.036s	7	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.250s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.757s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.358s (-1.4%)	2.011s (~)	0.654s	15	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.375s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.636s	15	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.384s (-2.3%)	2.010s (~)	0.627s	15	1.11x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.425s (-0.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.581s	15	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.429s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.577s	15	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	1.469s (+1.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.537s	15	1.18x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.155s (~)	3.009s (~)	0.854s	10	1.72x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.081s (-17.5% 🟢)	3.277s (-5.9% 🟢)	1.196s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.218s (~)	3.281s (-14.5% 🟢)	1.062s	10	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.556s (+0.9%)	3.896s (-6.5% 🟢)	1.340s	8	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.970s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.474s (-9.8% 🟢)	0.504s	13	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.050s (~)	2.744s (+2.4%)	0.694s	11	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.079s (+5.0%)	2.597s (+4.9%)	0.519s	12	1.05x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.591s (+3.4%)	3.009s (~)	0.418s	10	1.32x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.683s (+2.0%)	3.008s (~)	0.325s	10	1.36x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.728s (-1.6%)	3.009s (~)	0.281s	10	1.38x
💻 Local	Express	2.743s (-1.2%)	3.009s (~)	0.266s	10	1.39x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.686s (-2.3%)	5.177s (~)	0.492s	6	2.38x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.215s (-10.1% 🟢)	3.307s (-9.4% 🟢)	1.091s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.277s (-12.3% 🟢)	3.216s (-22.6% 🟢)	0.939s	10	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.927s (+1.3%)	4.238s (+3.2%)	1.311s	8	1.32x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.340s (-14.1% 🟢)	4.149s (-7.0% 🟢)	0.809s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.439s (-0.7%)	4.148s (+3.2%)	0.709s	8	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.666s (-7.0% 🟢)	4.738s (-2.8%)	1.072s	7	1.10x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.121s (+1.6%)	4.868s (+3.0%)	0.747s	7	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.736s (+5.1% 🔺)	8.018s (+3.2%)	0.282s	4	2.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.979s (-9.5% 🟢)	8.522s (-5.6% 🟢)	0.544s	4	2.39x
💻 Local	Express	8.210s (+3.7%)	9.026s (+9.1% 🔺)	0.817s	4	2.46x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.763s (-3.5%)	10.352s (-3.1%)	0.589s	3	2.92x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.761s (-5.1% 🟢)	3.984s (-7.4% 🟢)	1.223s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.841s (+3.2%)	4.182s (+0.6%)	1.341s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.399s (+5.7% 🔺)	5.017s (+13.7% 🔺)	1.619s	6	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.141s (-7.4% 🟢)	1.001s (~)	0.002s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.008s (~)	0.866s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.151s (+3.9%)	1.002s (~)	0.011s (+0.9%)	1.018s (~)	0.867s	10	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.169s (-4.1%)	1.001s (~)	0.002s (+6.2% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.843s	10	1.20x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.174s (+2.8%)	1.003s (~)	0.012s (~)	1.018s (~)	0.844s	10	1.23x
💻 Local	Express	0.175s (-1.2%)	1.003s (~)	0.012s (~)	1.017s (~)	0.843s	10	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.185s (-4.8%)	0.994s (~)	0.002s (~)	1.012s (~)	0.827s	10	1.31x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.202s (+7.2% 🔺)	0.995s (~)	0.002s (+30.8% 🔺)	1.013s (~)	0.811s	10	1.43x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.469s (-4.3%)	0.968s (+1.5%)	0.001s (-7.1% 🟢)	1.009s (~)	0.540s	10	3.32x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.721s (-4.2%)	2.624s (-12.9% 🟢)	0.004s (-7.9% 🟢)	3.135s (-79.9% 🟢)	1.414s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.773s (+3.7%)	2.962s (+9.9% 🔺)	0.034s (-89.3% 🟢)	15.577s (+332.0% 🔺)	13.805s	10	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.803s (+8.9% 🔺)	2.870s (+7.3% 🔺)	0.005s (-44.0% 🟢)	3.363s (+8.3% 🔺)	1.560s	10	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8/12
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	7/12
▲ Vercel	Express	5/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	6/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Redis	7/12
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	6/12

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

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[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	571	0	67	638
✅ 💻 Local Development	612	0	84	696
✅ 📦 Local Production	612	0	84	696
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	612	0	84	696
✅ 🪟 Windows	55	0	3	58
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	118	56	15	189
✅ 📋 Other	147	0	27	174
Total	2727	56	364	3147

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (56 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• webhookWorkflow
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

redis (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

turso (51 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent)
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• parallelSleepWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling retry behavior workflow completes despite transient 5xx on step_completed
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control)

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	51	0	7
✅ example	51	0	7
✅ express	51	0	7
✅ fastify	51	0	7
✅ hono	51	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	56	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	56	0	2
✅ nitro	51	0	7
✅ nuxt	51	0	7
✅ sveltekit	51	0	7
✅ vite	51	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	0	9
✅ express-stable	49	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	0	9
✅ hono-stable	49	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	0	9
✅ vite-stable	49	0	9

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	0	9
✅ express-stable	49	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	0	9
✅ hono-stable	49	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	0	9
✅ vite-stable	49	0	9

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	0	9
✅ express-stable	49	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	0	9
✅ hono-stable	49	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	0	9
✅ vite-stable	49	0	9

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	55	0	3

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	2
❌ mongodb	52	3	3
✅ redis-dev	3	0	2
❌ redis	53	2	3
✅ turso-dev	3	0	2
❌ turso	4	51	3

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	49	0	9
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	49	0	9
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	49	0	9

---

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[Copilot]

Pull request overview

Adds a 'latest' sentinel for deploymentId in @workflow/core’s start() so runs can target the most recent deployment for the current environment, with Vercel-world support for resolving that deployment via a new API endpoint.

Changes:

• Extend World with optional resolveLatestDeploymentId() and wire it into world-vercel.
• Add Vercel implementation + tests for resolving latest deployment ID via GET /v1/workflow/resolve-latest-deployment/{deploymentId}.
• Update start() (and tests) to resolve 'latest' before event creation and queue dispatch.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 9 out of 9 changed files in this pull request and generated 3 comments.

Show a summary per file

File	Description
packages/world/src/interfaces.ts	Adds optional resolveLatestDeploymentId() to the World interface.
packages/world-vercel/src/resolve-latest-deployment.ts	Implements resolver that calls Vercel API with token fallback + response validation.
packages/world-vercel/src/resolve-latest-deployment.test.ts	Adds unit tests for resolver behavior (success, missing env/token, HTTP/schema errors).
packages/world-vercel/src/index.ts	Wires resolver into createVercelWorld().
packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts	Resolves 'latest' via world.resolveLatestDeploymentId() before run creation/queueing.
packages/core/src/runtime/start.test.ts	Adds tests for 'latest' behavior and error when unsupported.
.changeset/add-resolve-latest-deployment-world.md	Patch release note for @workflow/world.
.changeset/add-resolve-latest-deployment-world-vercel.md	Patch release note for @workflow/world-vercel.
.changeset/add-resolve-latest-deployment-core.md	Patch release note for @workflow/core.

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[VaguelySerious]

LGTM. Maybe deploymentId type should include 'latest' literal on a type level in packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts:28 ?