Add support for calling start() inside workflow functions

[VaguelySerious]

This re-adds code from #1133 reverted in #1475, with fixes for the e2e tests.

Co-Authored-By: @pranaygp

[vercel]

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Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.038s (-12.7% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.967s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.044s (+3.5%)	1.005s (~)	0.961s	10	1.17x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.055s	1.005s	0.950s	10	1.46x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.059s (-10.2% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.952s	10	1.56x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.059s	1.011s	0.951s	10	1.57x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.066s (+3.6%)	1.011s (~)	0.945s	10	1.73x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.451s (-13.9% 🟢)	2.227s (-8.6% 🟢)	1.777s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.098s (-2.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.907s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.123s	2.007s	0.884s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.124s (-0.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.882s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.143s	2.013s	0.870s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.146s (-0.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.865s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.153s (+0.8%)	2.013s (~)	0.860s	10	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.149s (-7.7% 🟢)	3.620s (-10.1% 🟢)	1.471s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.627s (-2.6%)	11.022s (~)	0.395s	3	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.828s	11.023s	0.195s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.895s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.128s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.899s (~)	11.041s (~)	0.142s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.917s	11.036s	0.120s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.940s (~)	11.040s (~)	0.101s	3	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	19.119s (-2.2%)	20.382s (-6.5% 🟢)	1.263s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	14.220s (-4.6%)	15.028s (~)	0.808s	4	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.370s	15.029s	0.659s	4	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.488s	15.042s	0.554s	4	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.614s (-1.0%)	15.041s (~)	0.427s	4	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	14.748s (~)	15.045s (~)	0.297s	4	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	14.927s (~)	15.028s (~)	0.101s	4	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	36.255s (-6.6% 🟢)	37.941s (-6.6% 🟢)	1.686s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	13.462s	14.027s	0.565s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.100s (-0.7%)	14.897s (-1.0%)	0.796s	7	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.162s	14.754s	0.593s	7	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	14.716s (+2.0%)	15.206s (+1.1%)	0.490s	6	1.09x
💻 Local	Express	14.787s (-9.8% 🟢)	15.027s (-11.8% 🟢)	0.240s	6	1.10x
💻 Local	Nitro	16.503s (-0.7%)	17.029s (~)	0.525s	6	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	56.855s (-8.6% 🟢)	58.953s (-7.5% 🟢)	2.098s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.264s	2.011s	0.747s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.288s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.723s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.294s (+1.9%)	2.011s (~)	0.716s	15	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.325s	2.007s	0.682s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.517s (+1.8%)	2.005s (~)	0.488s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	1.522s (+1.6%)	2.005s (~)	0.483s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.646s (+9.1% 🔺)	3.903s (-5.6% 🟢)	1.257s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.417s (-2.7%)	3.011s (~)	0.594s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.446s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.565s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.485s	3.012s	0.528s	10	1.03x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.553s	3.009s	0.455s	10	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	2.642s (-11.7% 🟢)	3.007s (-10.0% 🟢)	0.365s	10	1.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.992s (-1.4%)	3.758s (~)	0.767s	8	1.24x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.916s (-19.9% 🟢)	4.531s (-7.4% 🟢)	1.616s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.579s (-0.8%)	4.015s (~)	0.436s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.607s (~)	4.014s (~)	0.406s	8	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.757s	4.013s	0.256s	8	1.05x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.242s	5.011s	0.770s	6	1.19x
💻 Local	Express	7.095s (-13.8% 🟢)	7.514s (-16.7% 🟢)	0.419s	4	1.98x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.980s (-9.7% 🟢)	8.772s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.792s	4	2.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.190s (+10.1% 🔺)	4.924s (+9.8% 🔺)	1.733s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.244s	2.011s	0.767s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.286s (+0.7%)	2.011s (~)	0.725s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.288s (+1.9%)	2.010s (~)	0.722s	15	1.04x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.319s	2.006s	0.687s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	1.514s (-1.6%)	2.073s (+3.4%)	0.559s	15	1.22x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.649s (+7.0% 🔺)	2.073s (+3.3%)	0.424s	15	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.879s (+17.9% 🔺)	4.498s (+14.5% 🔺)	1.619s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.452s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.559s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.455s (~)	3.012s (~)	0.557s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.471s	3.012s	0.541s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.590s	3.008s	0.418s	10	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	2.678s (-8.4% 🟢)	3.007s (-10.1% 🟢)	0.330s	10	1.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.163s (-0.9%)	3.760s (-3.3%)	0.597s	8	1.29x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.700s (-9.6% 🟢)	4.181s (-7.6% 🟢)	1.481s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.595s (~)	4.013s (~)	0.417s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.602s (~)	4.014s (~)	0.412s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.760s	4.013s	0.253s	8	1.05x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.271s	5.011s	0.740s	6	1.19x
💻 Local	Express	7.500s (-10.8% 🟢)	8.019s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.519s	4	2.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.204s (+1.9%)	9.523s (-2.6%)	0.320s	4	2.56x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.019s (-2.1%)	4.712s (+3.8%)	1.694s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.676s (-30.0% 🟢)	1.004s (-5.0% 🟢)	0.328s	60	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.709s	1.005s	0.296s	60	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.808s	1.009s	0.201s	60	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.847s (-2.5%)	1.008s (-1.7%)	0.161s	60	1.25x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.869s (+0.5%)	1.009s (-1.7%)	0.140s	60	1.28x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.977s (~)	1.137s (+1.9%)	0.160s	53	1.44x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	10.134s (-5.3% 🟢)	12.076s (-3.0%)	1.943s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.689s	2.006s	0.317s	45	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.990s	2.318s	0.328s	39	1.18x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.034s (-3.9%)	2.798s (-7.1% 🟢)	0.764s	33	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.117s (+3.5%)	3.012s (+13.3% 🔺)	0.895s	30	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	2.226s (-24.6% 🟢)	3.007s (-3.2%)	0.781s	30	1.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.944s (-0.9%)	3.146s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.202s	29	1.74x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	31.007s (-5.2% 🟢)	33.347s (-3.2%)	2.340s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.415s	4.009s	0.594s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.035s	4.606s	0.570s	27	1.18x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4.198s (-2.6%)	5.013s (~)	0.815s	24	1.23x
🐘 Postgres	Express	4.292s (+4.3%)	5.014s (+0.8%)	0.723s	24	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	7.241s (-19.8% 🟢)	7.951s (-17.5% 🟢)	0.710s	16	2.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.035s (-0.6%)	9.480s (-3.9%)	0.444s	13	2.65x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	84.599s (-6.8% 🟢)	86.630s (-6.8% 🟢)	2.031s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.260s	1.009s	0.749s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.297s (+1.1%)	1.009s (~)	0.712s	60	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.298s (+0.6%)	1.009s (~)	0.711s	60	1.14x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.419s	1.021s	0.602s	59	1.61x
💻 Local	Express	0.588s (+0.6%)	1.004s (~)	0.416s	60	2.26x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.611s (-1.0%)	1.005s (~)	0.393s	60	2.35x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.096s (-11.9% 🟢)	3.661s (-2.3%)	1.565s	17	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.527s (-0.7%)	1.009s (~)	0.482s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.539s (+2.9%)	1.010s (~)	0.471s	90	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.552s	1.009s	0.457s	90	1.05x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.212s	2.006s	0.794s	45	2.30x
💻 Local	Express	2.399s (-2.6%)	3.007s (~)	0.608s	30	4.56x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.598s (-1.2%)	3.008s (~)	0.411s	30	4.93x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.965s (+6.8% 🔺)	4.533s (-0.5%)	1.568s	20	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.883s	1.064s	0.181s	114	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.887s (-2.2%)	1.049s (-3.5%)	0.163s	115	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.926s (+3.8%)	1.191s (+13.5% 🔺)	0.266s	101	1.05x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.813s	3.084s	0.271s	39	3.19x
💻 Local	Express	10.319s (-5.0% 🟢)	10.933s (-4.0%)	0.613s	11	11.68x
💻 Local	Nitro	11.194s (-3.5%)	11.845s (-1.5%)	0.651s	11	12.68x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	7.816s (-1.9%)	9.428s (-0.6%)	1.612s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.138s (-30.6% 🟢)	1.003s (~)	0.009s (-20.7% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.877s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.178s	1.000s	0.002s	1.008s	0.829s	10	1.30x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.195s	1.001s	0.001s	1.013s	0.818s	10	1.42x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.197s (-3.2%)	1.003s (~)	0.011s (-4.2%)	1.017s (~)	0.821s	10	1.43x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.206s (-8.5% 🟢)	0.996s (~)	0.001s (-17.6% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.806s	10	1.50x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.238s (+12.0% 🔺)	0.995s (~)	0.001s (-17.6% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.774s	10	1.73x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.910s (+13.9% 🔺)	3.095s (+18.5% 🔺)	0.409s (-52.0% 🟢)	4.049s (~)	2.140s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.492s	1.000s	0.003s	1.011s	0.519s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.569s (-20.3% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.009s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.022s (~)	0.453s	59	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.661s (-2.4%)	1.004s (~)	0.004s (-5.2% 🟢)	1.030s (~)	0.368s	59	1.34x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.679s	1.009s	0.005s	1.027s	0.349s	59	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.694s (+5.2% 🔺)	1.004s (~)	0.006s (+53.7% 🔺)	1.031s (+0.6%)	0.337s	59	1.41x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.718s (-4.3%)	1.009s (~)	0.011s (-0.6%)	1.024s (~)	0.305s	59	1.46x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.554s (+11.7% 🔺)	5.717s (+7.5% 🔺)	0.219s (-49.6% 🟢)	6.724s (+4.8%)	2.170s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.902s	1.017s	0.000s	1.022s	0.119s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.088s	1.820s	0.000s	1.829s	0.742s	33	1.21x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.127s (-1.4%)	1.812s (-3.1%)	0.000s (-3.0%)	1.830s (-3.0%)	0.703s	33	1.25x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.134s (+3.4%)	1.928s (+4.7%)	0.000s (+6.5% 🔺)	1.962s (+5.5% 🔺)	0.828s	31	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	1.142s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.018s (~)	0.000s (-7.1% 🟢)	2.021s (~)	0.880s	30	1.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.213s (-6.4% 🟢)	2.019s (~)	0.000s (-18.2% 🟢)	2.022s (~)	0.808s	30	1.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.484s (+7.4% 🔺)	4.248s (+5.3% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.125s (+8.8% 🔺)	1.641s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.616s	2.035s	0.000s	2.040s	0.423s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.004s (-3.3%)	2.394s (-8.1% 🟢)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.422s (-7.6% 🟢)	0.418s	25	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.179s	2.958s	0.000s	2.967s	0.788s	21	1.35x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.200s (+10.3% 🔺)	2.723s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.000s (+227.3% 🔺)	2.742s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.542s	22	1.36x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.593s (-3.4%)	4.098s (-1.6%)	0.001s (~)	4.101s (-1.6%)	0.508s	15	2.22x
💻 Local	Express	3.620s (+5.3% 🔺)	4.032s (~)	0.001s (+25.0% 🔺)	4.037s (~)	0.417s	15	2.24x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.071s (-0.7%)	5.280s (+4.7%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	5.900s (+2.6%)	1.830s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	19/21
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	11/21
▲ Vercel	Express	21/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	12/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Redis	12/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	17/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: cancelled
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: a25d1a5

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	730	0	60	790
❌ 💻 Local Development	662	8	120	790
❌ 📦 Local Production	662	8	120	790
❌ 🐘 Local Postgres	662	8	120	790
✅ 🪟 Windows	74	0	5	79
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	122	58	21	201
✅ 📋 Other	204	0	33	237
Total	3116	82	479	3677

❌ Failed Tests

💻 Local Development (8 failed)

nextjs-turbopack-canary (4 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHRVQJWF110GTWPCTDNMD
• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KMEDQE64QPC1TC62FCWMF6B7
• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KMEDQGBYY8MK2JPPQ6SJ5CRF

nextjs-webpack-canary (4 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHRVQJWF110GTWPCTDNMD
• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KMEDQE64QPC1TC62FCWMF6B7
• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KMEDQGBYY8MK2JPPQ6SJ5CRF

📦 Local Production (8 failed)

nextjs-turbopack-canary (4 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHRVQJWF110GTWPCTDNMD
• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KMEDQE64QPC1TC62FCWMF6B7
• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KMEDQGBYY8MK2JPPQ6SJ5CRF

nextjs-webpack-canary (4 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHRVQJWF110GTWPCTDNMD
• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KMEDQE64QPC1TC62FCWMF6B7
• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KMEDQGBYY8MK2JPPQ6SJ5CRF

🐘 Local Postgres (8 failed)

nextjs-turbopack-canary (4 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHRVQJWF110GTWPCTDNMD
• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KMEDQE64QPC1TC62FCWMF6B7
• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KMEDQGBYY8MK2JPPQ6SJ5CRF

nextjs-webpack-canary (4 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHRVQJWF110GTWPCTDNMD
• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KMEDQE64QPC1TC62FCWMF6B7
• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KMEDQGBYY8MK2JPPQ6SJ5CRF

🌍 Community Worlds (58 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KMEDEWZW5GZMZV8S031GJC8C
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KMEDNHGKH9BA1R0KQZQ1EN50

redis (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KMEDEWZW5GZMZV8S031GJC8C
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KMEDNHGKH9BA1R0KQZQ1EN50

turso (53 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDDMHHFS7Y533VTJ4K79GR
• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDDMHHFS7Y533VTJ4K79GR
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KMEDF9K106KCAXKGV5V0BK6X
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDDV84KY4TRZDRVQKZEZWP
• promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDE61WHEA38JJ3Y1CKXPNP
• promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDE7SEJJSQZG71SX3HVPB2
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDFM39PTH6101RCPTVKMSG
• hookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDEKC0EWNDN6RBS52Y27DS
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KMEDEWZW5GZMZV8S031GJC8C
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDFCP5G2F3XMW0ZK4M586N
• parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDFRRE73B70G07CYPREHDS
• nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDFX0AJM1RC1PHMFNM0PQ1
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDFZAWRMHNWXWGNA04N8MC
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHRVQJWF110GTWPCTDNMD
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHYBVJYV5J7VKXZYRJKZV
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KMEDMYW65JJSB3980AESTTKJ
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KMEDNHGKH9BA1R0KQZQ1EN50
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KMEDP42TCERRTNZKHK8EKGSH
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KMEDPPH48PFNB57A6K2DGVYF
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KMEDPXTF73ZAXBYZ8G47ZNGS
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KMEDQ2SCTDYG13MPSVGRW4F5
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KMEDQ4RNB5DZSJZ5MBBKZHZQ
• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KMEDQE64QPC1TC62FCWMF6B7
• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KMEDQGBYY8MK2JPPQ6SJ5CRF
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KMEDQXAMJQR440B0N9NZ4931
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KMEDR1R4QK30DF6C0ZH8V509
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KMEDR7E5C87H4AM777Z7GD9R
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KMEDRD2RAFSTZED39Y8NPN67
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KMEDRJZ3MEF6REDGBJG0V8S5
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KMEDRRHHV65781RRH5JTT23X
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KMEDRY9ZXR8GFEE1T7VCMAQ5
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KMEDS7SWGC1FPCRNAMMDB0JG
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KMEDSEZXQRCM4J610WENE8YV
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KMEDSMP24KK471BR0FYA9QY3
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KMEDSXQN64PG3PNFF2BDZE8X
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KMEDT8H2C7H7HTBBZK819CJD
• sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KMEDTWJ7S3VFF4N4EMYTPBQC
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KMEDV694EY24C20MJGQBV03N

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	72	0	7
✅ example	72	0	7
✅ express	72	0	7
✅ fastify	72	0	7
✅ hono	72	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	77	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	77	0	2
✅ nitro	72	0	7
✅ nuxt	72	0	7
✅ vite	72	0	7

❌ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ express-stable	68	0	11
✅ fastify-stable	68	0	11
✅ hono-stable	68	0	11
❌ nextjs-turbopack-canary	53	4	22
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	74	0	5
❌ nextjs-webpack-canary	53	4	22
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	74	0	5
✅ nitro-stable	68	0	11
✅ nuxt-stable	68	0	11
✅ vite-stable	68	0	11

❌ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ express-stable	68	0	11
✅ fastify-stable	68	0	11
✅ hono-stable	68	0	11
❌ nextjs-turbopack-canary	53	4	22
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	74	0	5
❌ nextjs-webpack-canary	53	4	22
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	74	0	5
✅ nitro-stable	68	0	11
✅ nuxt-stable	68	0	11
✅ vite-stable	68	0	11

❌ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ express-stable	68	0	11
✅ fastify-stable	68	0	11
✅ hono-stable	68	0	11
❌ nextjs-turbopack-canary	53	4	22
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	74	0	5
❌ nextjs-webpack-canary	53	4	22
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	74	0	5
✅ nitro-stable	68	0	11
✅ nuxt-stable	68	0	11
✅ vite-stable	68	0	11

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	74	0	5

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	2
❌ mongodb	54	3	5
✅ redis-dev	3	0	2
❌ redis	55	2	5
✅ turso-dev	3	0	2
❌ turso	4	53	5

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	68	0	11
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	68	0	11
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	68	0	11

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: cancelled
• Local Dev: failure
• Local Prod: failure
• Local Postgres: failure
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[vercel]

Additional Suggestion:

Duplicate import of TimestampTooltip on lines 13 and 20 causes TypeScript error TS2300: Duplicate identifier.

[pranaygp]

Closing in favor of #1491

[VaguelySerious]

This re-adds code from #1133 reverted in #1475, with fixes for the e2e tests.

Co-Authored-By: @pranaygp

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.038s (-12.7% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.967s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.044s (+3.5%)	1.005s (~)	0.961s	10	1.17x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.055s	1.005s	0.950s	10	1.46x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.059s (-10.2% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.952s	10	1.56x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.059s	1.011s	0.951s	10	1.57x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.066s (+3.6%)	1.011s (~)	0.945s	10	1.73x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.451s (-13.9% 🟢)	2.227s (-8.6% 🟢)	1.777s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.098s (-2.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.907s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.123s	2.007s	0.884s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.124s (-0.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.882s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.143s	2.013s	0.870s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.146s (-0.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.865s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.153s (+0.8%)	2.013s (~)	0.860s	10	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.149s (-7.7% 🟢)	3.620s (-10.1% 🟢)	1.471s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.627s (-2.6%)	11.022s (~)	0.395s	3	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.828s	11.023s	0.195s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.895s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.128s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.899s (~)	11.041s (~)	0.142s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.917s	11.036s	0.120s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.940s (~)	11.040s (~)	0.101s	3	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	19.119s (-2.2%)	20.382s (-6.5% 🟢)	1.263s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	14.220s (-4.6%)	15.028s (~)	0.808s	4	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.370s	15.029s	0.659s	4	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.488s	15.042s	0.554s	4	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.614s (-1.0%)	15.041s (~)	0.427s	4	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	14.748s (~)	15.045s (~)	0.297s	4	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	14.927s (~)	15.028s (~)	0.101s	4	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	36.255s (-6.6% 🟢)	37.941s (-6.6% 🟢)	1.686s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	13.462s	14.027s	0.565s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.100s (-0.7%)	14.897s (-1.0%)	0.796s	7	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.162s	14.754s	0.593s	7	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	14.716s (+2.0%)	15.206s (+1.1%)	0.490s	6	1.09x
💻 Local	Express	14.787s (-9.8% 🟢)	15.027s (-11.8% 🟢)	0.240s	6	1.10x
💻 Local	Nitro	16.503s (-0.7%)	17.029s (~)	0.525s	6	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	56.855s (-8.6% 🟢)	58.953s (-7.5% 🟢)	2.098s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.264s	2.011s	0.747s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.288s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.723s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.294s (+1.9%)	2.011s (~)	0.716s	15	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.325s	2.007s	0.682s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.517s (+1.8%)	2.005s (~)	0.488s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	1.522s (+1.6%)	2.005s (~)	0.483s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.646s (+9.1% 🔺)	3.903s (-5.6% 🟢)	1.257s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.417s (-2.7%)	3.011s (~)	0.594s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.446s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.565s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.485s	3.012s	0.528s	10	1.03x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.553s	3.009s	0.455s	10	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	2.642s (-11.7% 🟢)	3.007s (-10.0% 🟢)	0.365s	10	1.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.992s (-1.4%)	3.758s (~)	0.767s	8	1.24x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.916s (-19.9% 🟢)	4.531s (-7.4% 🟢)	1.616s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.579s (-0.8%)	4.015s (~)	0.436s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.607s (~)	4.014s (~)	0.406s	8	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.757s	4.013s	0.256s	8	1.05x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.242s	5.011s	0.770s	6	1.19x
💻 Local	Express	7.095s (-13.8% 🟢)	7.514s (-16.7% 🟢)	0.419s	4	1.98x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.980s (-9.7% 🟢)	8.772s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.792s	4	2.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.190s (+10.1% 🔺)	4.924s (+9.8% 🔺)	1.733s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.244s	2.011s	0.767s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.286s (+0.7%)	2.011s (~)	0.725s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.288s (+1.9%)	2.010s (~)	0.722s	15	1.04x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.319s	2.006s	0.687s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	1.514s (-1.6%)	2.073s (+3.4%)	0.559s	15	1.22x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.649s (+7.0% 🔺)	2.073s (+3.3%)	0.424s	15	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.879s (+17.9% 🔺)	4.498s (+14.5% 🔺)	1.619s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.452s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.559s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.455s (~)	3.012s (~)	0.557s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.471s	3.012s	0.541s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.590s	3.008s	0.418s	10	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	2.678s (-8.4% 🟢)	3.007s (-10.1% 🟢)	0.330s	10	1.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.163s (-0.9%)	3.760s (-3.3%)	0.597s	8	1.29x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.700s (-9.6% 🟢)	4.181s (-7.6% 🟢)	1.481s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.595s (~)	4.013s (~)	0.417s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.602s (~)	4.014s (~)	0.412s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.760s	4.013s	0.253s	8	1.05x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.271s	5.011s	0.740s	6	1.19x
💻 Local	Express	7.500s (-10.8% 🟢)	8.019s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.519s	4	2.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.204s (+1.9%)	9.523s (-2.6%)	0.320s	4	2.56x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.019s (-2.1%)	4.712s (+3.8%)	1.694s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.676s (-30.0% 🟢)	1.004s (-5.0% 🟢)	0.328s	60	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.709s	1.005s	0.296s	60	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.808s	1.009s	0.201s	60	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.847s (-2.5%)	1.008s (-1.7%)	0.161s	60	1.25x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.869s (+0.5%)	1.009s (-1.7%)	0.140s	60	1.28x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.977s (~)	1.137s (+1.9%)	0.160s	53	1.44x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	10.134s (-5.3% 🟢)	12.076s (-3.0%)	1.943s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.689s	2.006s	0.317s	45	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.990s	2.318s	0.328s	39	1.18x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.034s (-3.9%)	2.798s (-7.1% 🟢)	0.764s	33	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.117s (+3.5%)	3.012s (+13.3% 🔺)	0.895s	30	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	2.226s (-24.6% 🟢)	3.007s (-3.2%)	0.781s	30	1.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.944s (-0.9%)	3.146s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.202s	29	1.74x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	31.007s (-5.2% 🟢)	33.347s (-3.2%)	2.340s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.415s	4.009s	0.594s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.035s	4.606s	0.570s	27	1.18x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4.198s (-2.6%)	5.013s (~)	0.815s	24	1.23x
🐘 Postgres	Express	4.292s (+4.3%)	5.014s (+0.8%)	0.723s	24	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	7.241s (-19.8% 🟢)	7.951s (-17.5% 🟢)	0.710s	16	2.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.035s (-0.6%)	9.480s (-3.9%)	0.444s	13	2.65x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	84.599s (-6.8% 🟢)	86.630s (-6.8% 🟢)	2.031s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.260s	1.009s	0.749s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.297s (+1.1%)	1.009s (~)	0.712s	60	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.298s (+0.6%)	1.009s (~)	0.711s	60	1.14x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.419s	1.021s	0.602s	59	1.61x
💻 Local	Express	0.588s (+0.6%)	1.004s (~)	0.416s	60	2.26x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.611s (-1.0%)	1.005s (~)	0.393s	60	2.35x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.096s (-11.9% 🟢)	3.661s (-2.3%)	1.565s	17	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.527s (-0.7%)	1.009s (~)	0.482s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.539s (+2.9%)	1.010s (~)	0.471s	90	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.552s	1.009s	0.457s	90	1.05x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.212s	2.006s	0.794s	45	2.30x
💻 Local	Express	2.399s (-2.6%)	3.007s (~)	0.608s	30	4.56x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.598s (-1.2%)	3.008s (~)	0.411s	30	4.93x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.965s (+6.8% 🔺)	4.533s (-0.5%)	1.568s	20	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.883s	1.064s	0.181s	114	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.887s (-2.2%)	1.049s (-3.5%)	0.163s	115	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.926s (+3.8%)	1.191s (+13.5% 🔺)	0.266s	101	1.05x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.813s	3.084s	0.271s	39	3.19x
💻 Local	Express	10.319s (-5.0% 🟢)	10.933s (-4.0%)	0.613s	11	11.68x
💻 Local	Nitro	11.194s (-3.5%)	11.845s (-1.5%)	0.651s	11	12.68x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	7.816s (-1.9%)	9.428s (-0.6%)	1.612s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.138s (-30.6% 🟢)	1.003s (~)	0.009s (-20.7% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.877s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.178s	1.000s	0.002s	1.008s	0.829s	10	1.30x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.195s	1.001s	0.001s	1.013s	0.818s	10	1.42x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.197s (-3.2%)	1.003s (~)	0.011s (-4.2%)	1.017s (~)	0.821s	10	1.43x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.206s (-8.5% 🟢)	0.996s (~)	0.001s (-17.6% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.806s	10	1.50x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.238s (+12.0% 🔺)	0.995s (~)	0.001s (-17.6% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.774s	10	1.73x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.910s (+13.9% 🔺)	3.095s (+18.5% 🔺)	0.409s (-52.0% 🟢)	4.049s (~)	2.140s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.492s	1.000s	0.003s	1.011s	0.519s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.569s (-20.3% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.009s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.022s (~)	0.453s	59	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.661s (-2.4%)	1.004s (~)	0.004s (-5.2% 🟢)	1.030s (~)	0.368s	59	1.34x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.679s	1.009s	0.005s	1.027s	0.349s	59	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.694s (+5.2% 🔺)	1.004s (~)	0.006s (+53.7% 🔺)	1.031s (+0.6%)	0.337s	59	1.41x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.718s (-4.3%)	1.009s (~)	0.011s (-0.6%)	1.024s (~)	0.305s	59	1.46x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.554s (+11.7% 🔺)	5.717s (+7.5% 🔺)	0.219s (-49.6% 🟢)	6.724s (+4.8%)	2.170s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.902s	1.017s	0.000s	1.022s	0.119s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.088s	1.820s	0.000s	1.829s	0.742s	33	1.21x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.127s (-1.4%)	1.812s (-3.1%)	0.000s (-3.0%)	1.830s (-3.0%)	0.703s	33	1.25x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.134s (+3.4%)	1.928s (+4.7%)	0.000s (+6.5% 🔺)	1.962s (+5.5% 🔺)	0.828s	31	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	1.142s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.018s (~)	0.000s (-7.1% 🟢)	2.021s (~)	0.880s	30	1.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.213s (-6.4% 🟢)	2.019s (~)	0.000s (-18.2% 🟢)	2.022s (~)	0.808s	30	1.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.484s (+7.4% 🔺)	4.248s (+5.3% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.125s (+8.8% 🔺)	1.641s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.616s	2.035s	0.000s	2.040s	0.423s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.004s (-3.3%)	2.394s (-8.1% 🟢)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.422s (-7.6% 🟢)	0.418s	25	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.179s	2.958s	0.000s	2.967s	0.788s	21	1.35x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.200s (+10.3% 🔺)	2.723s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.000s (+227.3% 🔺)	2.742s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.542s	22	1.36x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.593s (-3.4%)	4.098s (-1.6%)	0.001s (~)	4.101s (-1.6%)	0.508s	15	2.22x
💻 Local	Express	3.620s (+5.3% 🔺)	4.032s (~)	0.001s (+25.0% 🔺)	4.037s (~)	0.417s	15	2.24x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.071s (-0.7%)	5.280s (+4.7%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	5.900s (+2.6%)	1.830s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	19/21
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	11/21
▲ Vercel	Express	21/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	12/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Redis	12/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	17/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: cancelled
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: a25d1a5

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	730	0	60	790
❌ 💻 Local Development	662	8	120	790
❌ 📦 Local Production	662	8	120	790
❌ 🐘 Local Postgres	662	8	120	790
✅ 🪟 Windows	74	0	5	79
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	122	58	21	201
✅ 📋 Other	204	0	33	237
Total	3116	82	479	3677

❌ Failed Tests

💻 Local Development (8 failed)

nextjs-turbopack-canary (4 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHRVQJWF110GTWPCTDNMD
• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KMEDQE64QPC1TC62FCWMF6B7
• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KMEDQGBYY8MK2JPPQ6SJ5CRF

nextjs-webpack-canary (4 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHRVQJWF110GTWPCTDNMD
• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KMEDQE64QPC1TC62FCWMF6B7
• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KMEDQGBYY8MK2JPPQ6SJ5CRF

📦 Local Production (8 failed)

nextjs-turbopack-canary (4 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHRVQJWF110GTWPCTDNMD
• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KMEDQE64QPC1TC62FCWMF6B7
• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KMEDQGBYY8MK2JPPQ6SJ5CRF

nextjs-webpack-canary (4 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHRVQJWF110GTWPCTDNMD
• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KMEDQE64QPC1TC62FCWMF6B7
• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KMEDQGBYY8MK2JPPQ6SJ5CRF

🐘 Local Postgres (8 failed)

nextjs-turbopack-canary (4 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHRVQJWF110GTWPCTDNMD
• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KMEDQE64QPC1TC62FCWMF6B7
• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KMEDQGBYY8MK2JPPQ6SJ5CRF

nextjs-webpack-canary (4 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHRVQJWF110GTWPCTDNMD
• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KMEDQE64QPC1TC62FCWMF6B7
• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KMEDQGBYY8MK2JPPQ6SJ5CRF

🌍 Community Worlds (58 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KMEDEWZW5GZMZV8S031GJC8C
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KMEDNHGKH9BA1R0KQZQ1EN50

redis (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KMEDEWZW5GZMZV8S031GJC8C
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KMEDNHGKH9BA1R0KQZQ1EN50

turso (53 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDDMHHFS7Y533VTJ4K79GR
• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDDMHHFS7Y533VTJ4K79GR
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KMEDF9K106KCAXKGV5V0BK6X
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDDV84KY4TRZDRVQKZEZWP
• promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDE61WHEA38JJ3Y1CKXPNP
• promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDE7SEJJSQZG71SX3HVPB2
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDFM39PTH6101RCPTVKMSG
• hookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDEKC0EWNDN6RBS52Y27DS
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KMEDEWZW5GZMZV8S031GJC8C
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDFCP5G2F3XMW0ZK4M586N
• parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDFRRE73B70G07CYPREHDS
• nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDFX0AJM1RC1PHMFNM0PQ1
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDFZAWRMHNWXWGNA04N8MC
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHRVQJWF110GTWPCTDNMD
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHYBVJYV5J7VKXZYRJKZV
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KMEDMYW65JJSB3980AESTTKJ
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KMEDNHGKH9BA1R0KQZQ1EN50
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KMEDP42TCERRTNZKHK8EKGSH
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KMEDPPH48PFNB57A6K2DGVYF
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KMEDPXTF73ZAXBYZ8G47ZNGS
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KMEDQ2SCTDYG13MPSVGRW4F5
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KMEDQ4RNB5DZSJZ5MBBKZHZQ
• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KMEDQE64QPC1TC62FCWMF6B7
• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KMEDQGBYY8MK2JPPQ6SJ5CRF
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KMEDQXAMJQR440B0N9NZ4931
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KMEDR1R4QK30DF6C0ZH8V509
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KMEDR7E5C87H4AM777Z7GD9R
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KMEDRD2RAFSTZED39Y8NPN67
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KMEDRJZ3MEF6REDGBJG0V8S5
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KMEDRRHHV65781RRH5JTT23X
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KMEDRY9ZXR8GFEE1T7VCMAQ5
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KMEDS7SWGC1FPCRNAMMDB0JG
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KMEDSEZXQRCM4J610WENE8YV
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KMEDSMP24KK471BR0FYA9QY3
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KMEDSXQN64PG3PNFF2BDZE8X
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KMEDT8H2C7H7HTBBZK819CJD
• sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KMEDTWJ7S3VFF4N4EMYTPBQC
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KMEDV694EY24C20MJGQBV03N

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	72	0	7
✅ example	72	0	7
✅ express	72	0	7
✅ fastify	72	0	7
✅ hono	72	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	77	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	77	0	2
✅ nitro	72	0	7
✅ nuxt	72	0	7
✅ vite	72	0	7

❌ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ express-stable	68	0	11
✅ fastify-stable	68	0	11
✅ hono-stable	68	0	11
❌ nextjs-turbopack-canary	53	4	22
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	74	0	5
❌ nextjs-webpack-canary	53	4	22
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	74	0	5
✅ nitro-stable	68	0	11
✅ nuxt-stable	68	0	11
✅ vite-stable	68	0	11

❌ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ express-stable	68	0	11
✅ fastify-stable	68	0	11
✅ hono-stable	68	0	11
❌ nextjs-turbopack-canary	53	4	22
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	74	0	5
❌ nextjs-webpack-canary	53	4	22
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	74	0	5
✅ nitro-stable	68	0	11
✅ nuxt-stable	68	0	11
✅ vite-stable	68	0	11

❌ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ express-stable	68	0	11
✅ fastify-stable	68	0	11
✅ hono-stable	68	0	11
❌ nextjs-turbopack-canary	53	4	22
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	74	0	5
❌ nextjs-webpack-canary	53	4	22
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	74	0	5
✅ nitro-stable	68	0	11
✅ nuxt-stable	68	0	11
✅ vite-stable	68	0	11

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	74	0	5

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	2
❌ mongodb	54	3	5
✅ redis-dev	3	0	2
❌ redis	55	2	5
✅ turso-dev	3	0	2
❌ turso	4	53	5

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	68	0	11
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	68	0	11
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	68	0	11

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: cancelled
• Local Dev: failure
• Local Prod: failure
• Local Postgres: failure
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[vercel]

Additional Suggestion:

Duplicate import of TimestampTooltip on lines 13 and 20 causes TypeScript error TS2300: Duplicate identifier.

[pranaygp]

Closing in favor of #1491

[VaguelySerious]

This re-adds code from #1133 reverted in #1475, with fixes for the e2e tests.

Co-Authored-By: @pranaygp

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.038s (-12.7% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.967s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.044s (+3.5%)	1.005s (~)	0.961s	10	1.17x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.055s	1.005s	0.950s	10	1.46x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.059s (-10.2% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.952s	10	1.56x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.059s	1.011s	0.951s	10	1.57x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.066s (+3.6%)	1.011s (~)	0.945s	10	1.73x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.451s (-13.9% 🟢)	2.227s (-8.6% 🟢)	1.777s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.098s (-2.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.907s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.123s	2.007s	0.884s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.124s (-0.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.882s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.143s	2.013s	0.870s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.146s (-0.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.865s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.153s (+0.8%)	2.013s (~)	0.860s	10	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.149s (-7.7% 🟢)	3.620s (-10.1% 🟢)	1.471s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.627s (-2.6%)	11.022s (~)	0.395s	3	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.828s	11.023s	0.195s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.895s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.128s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.899s (~)	11.041s (~)	0.142s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.917s	11.036s	0.120s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.940s (~)	11.040s (~)	0.101s	3	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	19.119s (-2.2%)	20.382s (-6.5% 🟢)	1.263s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	14.220s (-4.6%)	15.028s (~)	0.808s	4	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.370s	15.029s	0.659s	4	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.488s	15.042s	0.554s	4	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.614s (-1.0%)	15.041s (~)	0.427s	4	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	14.748s (~)	15.045s (~)	0.297s	4	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	14.927s (~)	15.028s (~)	0.101s	4	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	36.255s (-6.6% 🟢)	37.941s (-6.6% 🟢)	1.686s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	13.462s	14.027s	0.565s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.100s (-0.7%)	14.897s (-1.0%)	0.796s	7	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.162s	14.754s	0.593s	7	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	14.716s (+2.0%)	15.206s (+1.1%)	0.490s	6	1.09x
💻 Local	Express	14.787s (-9.8% 🟢)	15.027s (-11.8% 🟢)	0.240s	6	1.10x
💻 Local	Nitro	16.503s (-0.7%)	17.029s (~)	0.525s	6	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	56.855s (-8.6% 🟢)	58.953s (-7.5% 🟢)	2.098s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.264s	2.011s	0.747s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.288s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.723s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.294s (+1.9%)	2.011s (~)	0.716s	15	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.325s	2.007s	0.682s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.517s (+1.8%)	2.005s (~)	0.488s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	1.522s (+1.6%)	2.005s (~)	0.483s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.646s (+9.1% 🔺)	3.903s (-5.6% 🟢)	1.257s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.417s (-2.7%)	3.011s (~)	0.594s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.446s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.565s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.485s	3.012s	0.528s	10	1.03x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.553s	3.009s	0.455s	10	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	2.642s (-11.7% 🟢)	3.007s (-10.0% 🟢)	0.365s	10	1.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.992s (-1.4%)	3.758s (~)	0.767s	8	1.24x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.916s (-19.9% 🟢)	4.531s (-7.4% 🟢)	1.616s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.579s (-0.8%)	4.015s (~)	0.436s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.607s (~)	4.014s (~)	0.406s	8	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.757s	4.013s	0.256s	8	1.05x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.242s	5.011s	0.770s	6	1.19x
💻 Local	Express	7.095s (-13.8% 🟢)	7.514s (-16.7% 🟢)	0.419s	4	1.98x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.980s (-9.7% 🟢)	8.772s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.792s	4	2.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.190s (+10.1% 🔺)	4.924s (+9.8% 🔺)	1.733s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.244s	2.011s	0.767s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.286s (+0.7%)	2.011s (~)	0.725s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.288s (+1.9%)	2.010s (~)	0.722s	15	1.04x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.319s	2.006s	0.687s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	1.514s (-1.6%)	2.073s (+3.4%)	0.559s	15	1.22x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.649s (+7.0% 🔺)	2.073s (+3.3%)	0.424s	15	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.879s (+17.9% 🔺)	4.498s (+14.5% 🔺)	1.619s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.452s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.559s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.455s (~)	3.012s (~)	0.557s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.471s	3.012s	0.541s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.590s	3.008s	0.418s	10	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	2.678s (-8.4% 🟢)	3.007s (-10.1% 🟢)	0.330s	10	1.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.163s (-0.9%)	3.760s (-3.3%)	0.597s	8	1.29x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.700s (-9.6% 🟢)	4.181s (-7.6% 🟢)	1.481s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.595s (~)	4.013s (~)	0.417s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.602s (~)	4.014s (~)	0.412s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.760s	4.013s	0.253s	8	1.05x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.271s	5.011s	0.740s	6	1.19x
💻 Local	Express	7.500s (-10.8% 🟢)	8.019s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.519s	4	2.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.204s (+1.9%)	9.523s (-2.6%)	0.320s	4	2.56x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.019s (-2.1%)	4.712s (+3.8%)	1.694s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.676s (-30.0% 🟢)	1.004s (-5.0% 🟢)	0.328s	60	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.709s	1.005s	0.296s	60	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.808s	1.009s	0.201s	60	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.847s (-2.5%)	1.008s (-1.7%)	0.161s	60	1.25x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.869s (+0.5%)	1.009s (-1.7%)	0.140s	60	1.28x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.977s (~)	1.137s (+1.9%)	0.160s	53	1.44x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	10.134s (-5.3% 🟢)	12.076s (-3.0%)	1.943s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.689s	2.006s	0.317s	45	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.990s	2.318s	0.328s	39	1.18x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.034s (-3.9%)	2.798s (-7.1% 🟢)	0.764s	33	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.117s (+3.5%)	3.012s (+13.3% 🔺)	0.895s	30	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	2.226s (-24.6% 🟢)	3.007s (-3.2%)	0.781s	30	1.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.944s (-0.9%)	3.146s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.202s	29	1.74x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	31.007s (-5.2% 🟢)	33.347s (-3.2%)	2.340s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.415s	4.009s	0.594s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.035s	4.606s	0.570s	27	1.18x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4.198s (-2.6%)	5.013s (~)	0.815s	24	1.23x
🐘 Postgres	Express	4.292s (+4.3%)	5.014s (+0.8%)	0.723s	24	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	7.241s (-19.8% 🟢)	7.951s (-17.5% 🟢)	0.710s	16	2.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.035s (-0.6%)	9.480s (-3.9%)	0.444s	13	2.65x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	84.599s (-6.8% 🟢)	86.630s (-6.8% 🟢)	2.031s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.260s	1.009s	0.749s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.297s (+1.1%)	1.009s (~)	0.712s	60	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.298s (+0.6%)	1.009s (~)	0.711s	60	1.14x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.419s	1.021s	0.602s	59	1.61x
💻 Local	Express	0.588s (+0.6%)	1.004s (~)	0.416s	60	2.26x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.611s (-1.0%)	1.005s (~)	0.393s	60	2.35x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.096s (-11.9% 🟢)	3.661s (-2.3%)	1.565s	17	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.527s (-0.7%)	1.009s (~)	0.482s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.539s (+2.9%)	1.010s (~)	0.471s	90	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.552s	1.009s	0.457s	90	1.05x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.212s	2.006s	0.794s	45	2.30x
💻 Local	Express	2.399s (-2.6%)	3.007s (~)	0.608s	30	4.56x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.598s (-1.2%)	3.008s (~)	0.411s	30	4.93x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.965s (+6.8% 🔺)	4.533s (-0.5%)	1.568s	20	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.883s	1.064s	0.181s	114	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.887s (-2.2%)	1.049s (-3.5%)	0.163s	115	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.926s (+3.8%)	1.191s (+13.5% 🔺)	0.266s	101	1.05x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.813s	3.084s	0.271s	39	3.19x
💻 Local	Express	10.319s (-5.0% 🟢)	10.933s (-4.0%)	0.613s	11	11.68x
💻 Local	Nitro	11.194s (-3.5%)	11.845s (-1.5%)	0.651s	11	12.68x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	7.816s (-1.9%)	9.428s (-0.6%)	1.612s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.138s (-30.6% 🟢)	1.003s (~)	0.009s (-20.7% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.877s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.178s	1.000s	0.002s	1.008s	0.829s	10	1.30x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.195s	1.001s	0.001s	1.013s	0.818s	10	1.42x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.197s (-3.2%)	1.003s (~)	0.011s (-4.2%)	1.017s (~)	0.821s	10	1.43x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.206s (-8.5% 🟢)	0.996s (~)	0.001s (-17.6% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.806s	10	1.50x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.238s (+12.0% 🔺)	0.995s (~)	0.001s (-17.6% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.774s	10	1.73x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.910s (+13.9% 🔺)	3.095s (+18.5% 🔺)	0.409s (-52.0% 🟢)	4.049s (~)	2.140s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.492s	1.000s	0.003s	1.011s	0.519s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.569s (-20.3% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.009s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.022s (~)	0.453s	59	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.661s (-2.4%)	1.004s (~)	0.004s (-5.2% 🟢)	1.030s (~)	0.368s	59	1.34x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.679s	1.009s	0.005s	1.027s	0.349s	59	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.694s (+5.2% 🔺)	1.004s (~)	0.006s (+53.7% 🔺)	1.031s (+0.6%)	0.337s	59	1.41x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.718s (-4.3%)	1.009s (~)	0.011s (-0.6%)	1.024s (~)	0.305s	59	1.46x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.554s (+11.7% 🔺)	5.717s (+7.5% 🔺)	0.219s (-49.6% 🟢)	6.724s (+4.8%)	2.170s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.902s	1.017s	0.000s	1.022s	0.119s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.088s	1.820s	0.000s	1.829s	0.742s	33	1.21x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.127s (-1.4%)	1.812s (-3.1%)	0.000s (-3.0%)	1.830s (-3.0%)	0.703s	33	1.25x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.134s (+3.4%)	1.928s (+4.7%)	0.000s (+6.5% 🔺)	1.962s (+5.5% 🔺)	0.828s	31	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	1.142s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.018s (~)	0.000s (-7.1% 🟢)	2.021s (~)	0.880s	30	1.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.213s (-6.4% 🟢)	2.019s (~)	0.000s (-18.2% 🟢)	2.022s (~)	0.808s	30	1.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.484s (+7.4% 🔺)	4.248s (+5.3% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.125s (+8.8% 🔺)	1.641s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.616s	2.035s	0.000s	2.040s	0.423s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.004s (-3.3%)	2.394s (-8.1% 🟢)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.422s (-7.6% 🟢)	0.418s	25	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.179s	2.958s	0.000s	2.967s	0.788s	21	1.35x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.200s (+10.3% 🔺)	2.723s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.000s (+227.3% 🔺)	2.742s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.542s	22	1.36x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.593s (-3.4%)	4.098s (-1.6%)	0.001s (~)	4.101s (-1.6%)	0.508s	15	2.22x
💻 Local	Express	3.620s (+5.3% 🔺)	4.032s (~)	0.001s (+25.0% 🔺)	4.037s (~)	0.417s	15	2.24x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.071s (-0.7%)	5.280s (+4.7%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	5.900s (+2.6%)	1.830s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	19/21
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	11/21
▲ Vercel	Express	21/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	12/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Redis	12/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	17/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: cancelled
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: a25d1a5

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	730	0	60	790
❌ 💻 Local Development	662	8	120	790
❌ 📦 Local Production	662	8	120	790
❌ 🐘 Local Postgres	662	8	120	790
✅ 🪟 Windows	74	0	5	79
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	122	58	21	201
✅ 📋 Other	204	0	33	237
Total	3116	82	479	3677

❌ Failed Tests

💻 Local Development (8 failed)

nextjs-turbopack-canary (4 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHRVQJWF110GTWPCTDNMD
• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KMEDQE64QPC1TC62FCWMF6B7
• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KMEDQGBYY8MK2JPPQ6SJ5CRF

nextjs-webpack-canary (4 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHRVQJWF110GTWPCTDNMD
• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KMEDQE64QPC1TC62FCWMF6B7
• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KMEDQGBYY8MK2JPPQ6SJ5CRF

📦 Local Production (8 failed)

nextjs-turbopack-canary (4 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHRVQJWF110GTWPCTDNMD
• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KMEDQE64QPC1TC62FCWMF6B7
• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KMEDQGBYY8MK2JPPQ6SJ5CRF

nextjs-webpack-canary (4 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHRVQJWF110GTWPCTDNMD
• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KMEDQE64QPC1TC62FCWMF6B7
• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KMEDQGBYY8MK2JPPQ6SJ5CRF

🐘 Local Postgres (8 failed)

nextjs-turbopack-canary (4 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHRVQJWF110GTWPCTDNMD
• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KMEDQE64QPC1TC62FCWMF6B7
• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KMEDQGBYY8MK2JPPQ6SJ5CRF

nextjs-webpack-canary (4 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHRVQJWF110GTWPCTDNMD
• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KMEDQE64QPC1TC62FCWMF6B7
• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KMEDQGBYY8MK2JPPQ6SJ5CRF

🌍 Community Worlds (58 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KMEDEWZW5GZMZV8S031GJC8C
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KMEDNHGKH9BA1R0KQZQ1EN50

redis (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KMEDEWZW5GZMZV8S031GJC8C
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KMEDNHGKH9BA1R0KQZQ1EN50

turso (53 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDDMHHFS7Y533VTJ4K79GR
• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDDMHHFS7Y533VTJ4K79GR
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KMEDF9K106KCAXKGV5V0BK6X
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDDV84KY4TRZDRVQKZEZWP
• promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDE61WHEA38JJ3Y1CKXPNP
• promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDE7SEJJSQZG71SX3HVPB2
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDFM39PTH6101RCPTVKMSG
• hookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDEKC0EWNDN6RBS52Y27DS
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KMEDEWZW5GZMZV8S031GJC8C
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDFCP5G2F3XMW0ZK4M586N
• parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDFRRE73B70G07CYPREHDS
• nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDFX0AJM1RC1PHMFNM0PQ1
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDFZAWRMHNWXWGNA04N8MC
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHRVQJWF110GTWPCTDNMD
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHYBVJYV5J7VKXZYRJKZV
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KMEDMYW65JJSB3980AESTTKJ
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KMEDNHGKH9BA1R0KQZQ1EN50
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KMEDP42TCERRTNZKHK8EKGSH
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KMEDPPH48PFNB57A6K2DGVYF
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KMEDPXTF73ZAXBYZ8G47ZNGS
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KMEDQ2SCTDYG13MPSVGRW4F5
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KMEDQ4RNB5DZSJZ5MBBKZHZQ
• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KMEDQE64QPC1TC62FCWMF6B7
• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KMEDQGBYY8MK2JPPQ6SJ5CRF
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KMEDQXAMJQR440B0N9NZ4931
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KMEDR1R4QK30DF6C0ZH8V509
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KMEDR7E5C87H4AM777Z7GD9R
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KMEDRD2RAFSTZED39Y8NPN67
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KMEDRJZ3MEF6REDGBJG0V8S5
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KMEDRRHHV65781RRH5JTT23X
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KMEDRY9ZXR8GFEE1T7VCMAQ5
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KMEDS7SWGC1FPCRNAMMDB0JG
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KMEDSEZXQRCM4J610WENE8YV
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KMEDSMP24KK471BR0FYA9QY3
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KMEDSXQN64PG3PNFF2BDZE8X
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KMEDT8H2C7H7HTBBZK819CJD
• sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KMEDTWJ7S3VFF4N4EMYTPBQC
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KMEDV694EY24C20MJGQBV03N

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	72	0	7
✅ example	72	0	7
✅ express	72	0	7
✅ fastify	72	0	7
✅ hono	72	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	77	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	77	0	2
✅ nitro	72	0	7
✅ nuxt	72	0	7
✅ vite	72	0	7

❌ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ express-stable	68	0	11
✅ fastify-stable	68	0	11
✅ hono-stable	68	0	11
❌ nextjs-turbopack-canary	53	4	22
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	74	0	5
❌ nextjs-webpack-canary	53	4	22
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	74	0	5
✅ nitro-stable	68	0	11
✅ nuxt-stable	68	0	11
✅ vite-stable	68	0	11

❌ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ express-stable	68	0	11
✅ fastify-stable	68	0	11
✅ hono-stable	68	0	11
❌ nextjs-turbopack-canary	53	4	22
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	74	0	5
❌ nextjs-webpack-canary	53	4	22
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	74	0	5
✅ nitro-stable	68	0	11
✅ nuxt-stable	68	0	11
✅ vite-stable	68	0	11

❌ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ express-stable	68	0	11
✅ fastify-stable	68	0	11
✅ hono-stable	68	0	11
❌ nextjs-turbopack-canary	53	4	22
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	74	0	5
❌ nextjs-webpack-canary	53	4	22
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	74	0	5
✅ nitro-stable	68	0	11
✅ nuxt-stable	68	0	11
✅ vite-stable	68	0	11

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	74	0	5

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	2
❌ mongodb	54	3	5
✅ redis-dev	3	0	2
❌ redis	55	2	5
✅ turso-dev	3	0	2
❌ turso	4	53	5

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	68	0	11
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	68	0	11
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	68	0	11

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: cancelled
• Local Dev: failure
• Local Prod: failure
• Local Postgres: failure
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[vercel]

Additional Suggestion:

Duplicate import of TimestampTooltip on lines 13 and 20 causes TypeScript error TS2300: Duplicate identifier.

[pranaygp]

Closing in favor of #1491

[VaguelySerious]

This re-adds code from #1133 reverted in #1475, with fixes for the e2e tests.

Co-Authored-By: @pranaygp

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.038s (-12.7% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.967s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.044s (+3.5%)	1.005s (~)	0.961s	10	1.17x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.055s	1.005s	0.950s	10	1.46x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.059s (-10.2% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.952s	10	1.56x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.059s	1.011s	0.951s	10	1.57x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.066s (+3.6%)	1.011s (~)	0.945s	10	1.73x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.451s (-13.9% 🟢)	2.227s (-8.6% 🟢)	1.777s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.098s (-2.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.907s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.123s	2.007s	0.884s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.124s (-0.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.882s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.143s	2.013s	0.870s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.146s (-0.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.865s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.153s (+0.8%)	2.013s (~)	0.860s	10	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.149s (-7.7% 🟢)	3.620s (-10.1% 🟢)	1.471s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.627s (-2.6%)	11.022s (~)	0.395s	3	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.828s	11.023s	0.195s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.895s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.128s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.899s (~)	11.041s (~)	0.142s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.917s	11.036s	0.120s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.940s (~)	11.040s (~)	0.101s	3	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	19.119s (-2.2%)	20.382s (-6.5% 🟢)	1.263s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	14.220s (-4.6%)	15.028s (~)	0.808s	4	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.370s	15.029s	0.659s	4	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.488s	15.042s	0.554s	4	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.614s (-1.0%)	15.041s (~)	0.427s	4	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	14.748s (~)	15.045s (~)	0.297s	4	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	14.927s (~)	15.028s (~)	0.101s	4	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	36.255s (-6.6% 🟢)	37.941s (-6.6% 🟢)	1.686s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	13.462s	14.027s	0.565s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.100s (-0.7%)	14.897s (-1.0%)	0.796s	7	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.162s	14.754s	0.593s	7	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	14.716s (+2.0%)	15.206s (+1.1%)	0.490s	6	1.09x
💻 Local	Express	14.787s (-9.8% 🟢)	15.027s (-11.8% 🟢)	0.240s	6	1.10x
💻 Local	Nitro	16.503s (-0.7%)	17.029s (~)	0.525s	6	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	56.855s (-8.6% 🟢)	58.953s (-7.5% 🟢)	2.098s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.264s	2.011s	0.747s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.288s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.723s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.294s (+1.9%)	2.011s (~)	0.716s	15	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.325s	2.007s	0.682s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.517s (+1.8%)	2.005s (~)	0.488s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	1.522s (+1.6%)	2.005s (~)	0.483s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.646s (+9.1% 🔺)	3.903s (-5.6% 🟢)	1.257s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.417s (-2.7%)	3.011s (~)	0.594s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.446s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.565s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.485s	3.012s	0.528s	10	1.03x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.553s	3.009s	0.455s	10	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	2.642s (-11.7% 🟢)	3.007s (-10.0% 🟢)	0.365s	10	1.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.992s (-1.4%)	3.758s (~)	0.767s	8	1.24x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.916s (-19.9% 🟢)	4.531s (-7.4% 🟢)	1.616s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.579s (-0.8%)	4.015s (~)	0.436s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.607s (~)	4.014s (~)	0.406s	8	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.757s	4.013s	0.256s	8	1.05x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.242s	5.011s	0.770s	6	1.19x
💻 Local	Express	7.095s (-13.8% 🟢)	7.514s (-16.7% 🟢)	0.419s	4	1.98x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.980s (-9.7% 🟢)	8.772s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.792s	4	2.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.190s (+10.1% 🔺)	4.924s (+9.8% 🔺)	1.733s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.244s	2.011s	0.767s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.286s (+0.7%)	2.011s (~)	0.725s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.288s (+1.9%)	2.010s (~)	0.722s	15	1.04x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.319s	2.006s	0.687s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	1.514s (-1.6%)	2.073s (+3.4%)	0.559s	15	1.22x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.649s (+7.0% 🔺)	2.073s (+3.3%)	0.424s	15	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.879s (+17.9% 🔺)	4.498s (+14.5% 🔺)	1.619s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.452s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.559s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.455s (~)	3.012s (~)	0.557s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.471s	3.012s	0.541s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.590s	3.008s	0.418s	10	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	2.678s (-8.4% 🟢)	3.007s (-10.1% 🟢)	0.330s	10	1.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.163s (-0.9%)	3.760s (-3.3%)	0.597s	8	1.29x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.700s (-9.6% 🟢)	4.181s (-7.6% 🟢)	1.481s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.595s (~)	4.013s (~)	0.417s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.602s (~)	4.014s (~)	0.412s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.760s	4.013s	0.253s	8	1.05x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.271s	5.011s	0.740s	6	1.19x
💻 Local	Express	7.500s (-10.8% 🟢)	8.019s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.519s	4	2.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.204s (+1.9%)	9.523s (-2.6%)	0.320s	4	2.56x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.019s (-2.1%)	4.712s (+3.8%)	1.694s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.676s (-30.0% 🟢)	1.004s (-5.0% 🟢)	0.328s	60	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.709s	1.005s	0.296s	60	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.808s	1.009s	0.201s	60	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.847s (-2.5%)	1.008s (-1.7%)	0.161s	60	1.25x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.869s (+0.5%)	1.009s (-1.7%)	0.140s	60	1.28x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.977s (~)	1.137s (+1.9%)	0.160s	53	1.44x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	10.134s (-5.3% 🟢)	12.076s (-3.0%)	1.943s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.689s	2.006s	0.317s	45	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.990s	2.318s	0.328s	39	1.18x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.034s (-3.9%)	2.798s (-7.1% 🟢)	0.764s	33	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.117s (+3.5%)	3.012s (+13.3% 🔺)	0.895s	30	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	2.226s (-24.6% 🟢)	3.007s (-3.2%)	0.781s	30	1.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.944s (-0.9%)	3.146s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.202s	29	1.74x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	31.007s (-5.2% 🟢)	33.347s (-3.2%)	2.340s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.415s	4.009s	0.594s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.035s	4.606s	0.570s	27	1.18x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4.198s (-2.6%)	5.013s (~)	0.815s	24	1.23x
🐘 Postgres	Express	4.292s (+4.3%)	5.014s (+0.8%)	0.723s	24	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	7.241s (-19.8% 🟢)	7.951s (-17.5% 🟢)	0.710s	16	2.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.035s (-0.6%)	9.480s (-3.9%)	0.444s	13	2.65x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	84.599s (-6.8% 🟢)	86.630s (-6.8% 🟢)	2.031s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.260s	1.009s	0.749s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.297s (+1.1%)	1.009s (~)	0.712s	60	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.298s (+0.6%)	1.009s (~)	0.711s	60	1.14x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.419s	1.021s	0.602s	59	1.61x
💻 Local	Express	0.588s (+0.6%)	1.004s (~)	0.416s	60	2.26x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.611s (-1.0%)	1.005s (~)	0.393s	60	2.35x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.096s (-11.9% 🟢)	3.661s (-2.3%)	1.565s	17	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.527s (-0.7%)	1.009s (~)	0.482s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.539s (+2.9%)	1.010s (~)	0.471s	90	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.552s	1.009s	0.457s	90	1.05x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.212s	2.006s	0.794s	45	2.30x
💻 Local	Express	2.399s (-2.6%)	3.007s (~)	0.608s	30	4.56x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.598s (-1.2%)	3.008s (~)	0.411s	30	4.93x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.965s (+6.8% 🔺)	4.533s (-0.5%)	1.568s	20	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.883s	1.064s	0.181s	114	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.887s (-2.2%)	1.049s (-3.5%)	0.163s	115	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.926s (+3.8%)	1.191s (+13.5% 🔺)	0.266s	101	1.05x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.813s	3.084s	0.271s	39	3.19x
💻 Local	Express	10.319s (-5.0% 🟢)	10.933s (-4.0%)	0.613s	11	11.68x
💻 Local	Nitro	11.194s (-3.5%)	11.845s (-1.5%)	0.651s	11	12.68x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	7.816s (-1.9%)	9.428s (-0.6%)	1.612s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.138s (-30.6% 🟢)	1.003s (~)	0.009s (-20.7% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.877s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.178s	1.000s	0.002s	1.008s	0.829s	10	1.30x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.195s	1.001s	0.001s	1.013s	0.818s	10	1.42x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.197s (-3.2%)	1.003s (~)	0.011s (-4.2%)	1.017s (~)	0.821s	10	1.43x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.206s (-8.5% 🟢)	0.996s (~)	0.001s (-17.6% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.806s	10	1.50x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.238s (+12.0% 🔺)	0.995s (~)	0.001s (-17.6% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.774s	10	1.73x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.910s (+13.9% 🔺)	3.095s (+18.5% 🔺)	0.409s (-52.0% 🟢)	4.049s (~)	2.140s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.492s	1.000s	0.003s	1.011s	0.519s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.569s (-20.3% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.009s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.022s (~)	0.453s	59	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.661s (-2.4%)	1.004s (~)	0.004s (-5.2% 🟢)	1.030s (~)	0.368s	59	1.34x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.679s	1.009s	0.005s	1.027s	0.349s	59	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.694s (+5.2% 🔺)	1.004s (~)	0.006s (+53.7% 🔺)	1.031s (+0.6%)	0.337s	59	1.41x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.718s (-4.3%)	1.009s (~)	0.011s (-0.6%)	1.024s (~)	0.305s	59	1.46x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.554s (+11.7% 🔺)	5.717s (+7.5% 🔺)	0.219s (-49.6% 🟢)	6.724s (+4.8%)	2.170s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.902s	1.017s	0.000s	1.022s	0.119s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.088s	1.820s	0.000s	1.829s	0.742s	33	1.21x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.127s (-1.4%)	1.812s (-3.1%)	0.000s (-3.0%)	1.830s (-3.0%)	0.703s	33	1.25x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.134s (+3.4%)	1.928s (+4.7%)	0.000s (+6.5% 🔺)	1.962s (+5.5% 🔺)	0.828s	31	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	1.142s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.018s (~)	0.000s (-7.1% 🟢)	2.021s (~)	0.880s	30	1.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.213s (-6.4% 🟢)	2.019s (~)	0.000s (-18.2% 🟢)	2.022s (~)	0.808s	30	1.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.484s (+7.4% 🔺)	4.248s (+5.3% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.125s (+8.8% 🔺)	1.641s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.616s	2.035s	0.000s	2.040s	0.423s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.004s (-3.3%)	2.394s (-8.1% 🟢)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.422s (-7.6% 🟢)	0.418s	25	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.179s	2.958s	0.000s	2.967s	0.788s	21	1.35x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.200s (+10.3% 🔺)	2.723s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.000s (+227.3% 🔺)	2.742s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.542s	22	1.36x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.593s (-3.4%)	4.098s (-1.6%)	0.001s (~)	4.101s (-1.6%)	0.508s	15	2.22x
💻 Local	Express	3.620s (+5.3% 🔺)	4.032s (~)	0.001s (+25.0% 🔺)	4.037s (~)	0.417s	15	2.24x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.071s (-0.7%)	5.280s (+4.7%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	5.900s (+2.6%)	1.830s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	19/21
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	11/21
▲ Vercel	Express	21/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	12/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Redis	12/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	17/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: cancelled
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: a25d1a5

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	730	0	60	790
❌ 💻 Local Development	662	8	120	790
❌ 📦 Local Production	662	8	120	790
❌ 🐘 Local Postgres	662	8	120	790
✅ 🪟 Windows	74	0	5	79
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	122	58	21	201
✅ 📋 Other	204	0	33	237
Total	3116	82	479	3677

❌ Failed Tests

💻 Local Development (8 failed)

nextjs-turbopack-canary (4 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHRVQJWF110GTWPCTDNMD
• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KMEDQE64QPC1TC62FCWMF6B7
• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KMEDQGBYY8MK2JPPQ6SJ5CRF

nextjs-webpack-canary (4 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHRVQJWF110GTWPCTDNMD
• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KMEDQE64QPC1TC62FCWMF6B7
• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KMEDQGBYY8MK2JPPQ6SJ5CRF

📦 Local Production (8 failed)

nextjs-turbopack-canary (4 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHRVQJWF110GTWPCTDNMD
• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KMEDQE64QPC1TC62FCWMF6B7
• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KMEDQGBYY8MK2JPPQ6SJ5CRF

nextjs-webpack-canary (4 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHRVQJWF110GTWPCTDNMD
• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KMEDQE64QPC1TC62FCWMF6B7
• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KMEDQGBYY8MK2JPPQ6SJ5CRF

🐘 Local Postgres (8 failed)

nextjs-turbopack-canary (4 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHRVQJWF110GTWPCTDNMD
• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KMEDQE64QPC1TC62FCWMF6B7
• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KMEDQGBYY8MK2JPPQ6SJ5CRF

nextjs-webpack-canary (4 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHRVQJWF110GTWPCTDNMD
• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KMEDQE64QPC1TC62FCWMF6B7
• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KMEDQGBYY8MK2JPPQ6SJ5CRF

🌍 Community Worlds (58 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KMEDEWZW5GZMZV8S031GJC8C
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KMEDNHGKH9BA1R0KQZQ1EN50

redis (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KMEDEWZW5GZMZV8S031GJC8C
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KMEDNHGKH9BA1R0KQZQ1EN50

turso (53 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDDMHHFS7Y533VTJ4K79GR
• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDDMHHFS7Y533VTJ4K79GR
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KMEDF9K106KCAXKGV5V0BK6X
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDDV84KY4TRZDRVQKZEZWP
• promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDE61WHEA38JJ3Y1CKXPNP
• promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDE7SEJJSQZG71SX3HVPB2
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDFM39PTH6101RCPTVKMSG
• hookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDEKC0EWNDN6RBS52Y27DS
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KMEDEWZW5GZMZV8S031GJC8C
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDFCP5G2F3XMW0ZK4M586N
• parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDFRRE73B70G07CYPREHDS
• nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDFX0AJM1RC1PHMFNM0PQ1
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDFZAWRMHNWXWGNA04N8MC
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHRVQJWF110GTWPCTDNMD
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHYBVJYV5J7VKXZYRJKZV
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KMEDMYW65JJSB3980AESTTKJ
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KMEDNHGKH9BA1R0KQZQ1EN50
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KMEDP42TCERRTNZKHK8EKGSH
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KMEDPPH48PFNB57A6K2DGVYF
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KMEDPXTF73ZAXBYZ8G47ZNGS
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KMEDQ2SCTDYG13MPSVGRW4F5
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KMEDQ4RNB5DZSJZ5MBBKZHZQ
• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KMEDQE64QPC1TC62FCWMF6B7
• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KMEDQGBYY8MK2JPPQ6SJ5CRF
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KMEDQXAMJQR440B0N9NZ4931
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KMEDR1R4QK30DF6C0ZH8V509
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KMEDR7E5C87H4AM777Z7GD9R
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KMEDRD2RAFSTZED39Y8NPN67
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KMEDRJZ3MEF6REDGBJG0V8S5
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KMEDRRHHV65781RRH5JTT23X
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KMEDRY9ZXR8GFEE1T7VCMAQ5
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KMEDS7SWGC1FPCRNAMMDB0JG
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KMEDSEZXQRCM4J610WENE8YV
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KMEDSMP24KK471BR0FYA9QY3
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KMEDSXQN64PG3PNFF2BDZE8X
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KMEDT8H2C7H7HTBBZK819CJD
• sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KMEDTWJ7S3VFF4N4EMYTPBQC
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KMEDV694EY24C20MJGQBV03N

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	72	0	7
✅ example	72	0	7
✅ express	72	0	7
✅ fastify	72	0	7
✅ hono	72	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	77	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	77	0	2
✅ nitro	72	0	7
✅ nuxt	72	0	7
✅ vite	72	0	7

❌ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ express-stable	68	0	11
✅ fastify-stable	68	0	11
✅ hono-stable	68	0	11
❌ nextjs-turbopack-canary	53	4	22
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	74	0	5
❌ nextjs-webpack-canary	53	4	22
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	74	0	5
✅ nitro-stable	68	0	11
✅ nuxt-stable	68	0	11
✅ vite-stable	68	0	11

❌ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ express-stable	68	0	11
✅ fastify-stable	68	0	11
✅ hono-stable	68	0	11
❌ nextjs-turbopack-canary	53	4	22
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	74	0	5
❌ nextjs-webpack-canary	53	4	22
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	74	0	5
✅ nitro-stable	68	0	11
✅ nuxt-stable	68	0	11
✅ vite-stable	68	0	11

❌ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ express-stable	68	0	11
✅ fastify-stable	68	0	11
✅ hono-stable	68	0	11
❌ nextjs-turbopack-canary	53	4	22
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	74	0	5
❌ nextjs-webpack-canary	53	4	22
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	74	0	5
✅ nitro-stable	68	0	11
✅ nuxt-stable	68	0	11
✅ vite-stable	68	0	11

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	74	0	5

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	2
❌ mongodb	54	3	5
✅ redis-dev	3	0	2
❌ redis	55	2	5
✅ turso-dev	3	0	2
❌ turso	4	53	5

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	68	0	11
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	68	0	11
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	68	0	11

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: cancelled
• Local Dev: failure
• Local Prod: failure
• Local Postgres: failure
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[vercel]

Additional Suggestion:

Duplicate import of TimestampTooltip on lines 13 and 20 causes TypeScript error TS2300: Duplicate identifier.

[pranaygp]

Closing in favor of #1491

[VaguelySerious]

This re-adds code from #1133 reverted in #1475, with fixes for the e2e tests.

Co-Authored-By: @pranaygp

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.038s (-12.7% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.967s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.044s (+3.5%)	1.005s (~)	0.961s	10	1.17x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.055s	1.005s	0.950s	10	1.46x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.059s (-10.2% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.952s	10	1.56x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.059s	1.011s	0.951s	10	1.57x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.066s (+3.6%)	1.011s (~)	0.945s	10	1.73x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.451s (-13.9% 🟢)	2.227s (-8.6% 🟢)	1.777s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.098s (-2.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.907s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.123s	2.007s	0.884s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.124s (-0.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.882s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.143s	2.013s	0.870s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.146s (-0.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.865s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.153s (+0.8%)	2.013s (~)	0.860s	10	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.149s (-7.7% 🟢)	3.620s (-10.1% 🟢)	1.471s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.627s (-2.6%)	11.022s (~)	0.395s	3	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.828s	11.023s	0.195s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.895s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.128s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.899s (~)	11.041s (~)	0.142s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.917s	11.036s	0.120s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.940s (~)	11.040s (~)	0.101s	3	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	19.119s (-2.2%)	20.382s (-6.5% 🟢)	1.263s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	14.220s (-4.6%)	15.028s (~)	0.808s	4	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.370s	15.029s	0.659s	4	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.488s	15.042s	0.554s	4	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.614s (-1.0%)	15.041s (~)	0.427s	4	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	14.748s (~)	15.045s (~)	0.297s	4	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	14.927s (~)	15.028s (~)	0.101s	4	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	36.255s (-6.6% 🟢)	37.941s (-6.6% 🟢)	1.686s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	13.462s	14.027s	0.565s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.100s (-0.7%)	14.897s (-1.0%)	0.796s	7	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.162s	14.754s	0.593s	7	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	14.716s (+2.0%)	15.206s (+1.1%)	0.490s	6	1.09x
💻 Local	Express	14.787s (-9.8% 🟢)	15.027s (-11.8% 🟢)	0.240s	6	1.10x
💻 Local	Nitro	16.503s (-0.7%)	17.029s (~)	0.525s	6	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	56.855s (-8.6% 🟢)	58.953s (-7.5% 🟢)	2.098s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.264s	2.011s	0.747s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.288s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.723s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.294s (+1.9%)	2.011s (~)	0.716s	15	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.325s	2.007s	0.682s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.517s (+1.8%)	2.005s (~)	0.488s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	1.522s (+1.6%)	2.005s (~)	0.483s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.646s (+9.1% 🔺)	3.903s (-5.6% 🟢)	1.257s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.417s (-2.7%)	3.011s (~)	0.594s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.446s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.565s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.485s	3.012s	0.528s	10	1.03x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.553s	3.009s	0.455s	10	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	2.642s (-11.7% 🟢)	3.007s (-10.0% 🟢)	0.365s	10	1.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.992s (-1.4%)	3.758s (~)	0.767s	8	1.24x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.916s (-19.9% 🟢)	4.531s (-7.4% 🟢)	1.616s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.579s (-0.8%)	4.015s (~)	0.436s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.607s (~)	4.014s (~)	0.406s	8	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.757s	4.013s	0.256s	8	1.05x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.242s	5.011s	0.770s	6	1.19x
💻 Local	Express	7.095s (-13.8% 🟢)	7.514s (-16.7% 🟢)	0.419s	4	1.98x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.980s (-9.7% 🟢)	8.772s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.792s	4	2.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.190s (+10.1% 🔺)	4.924s (+9.8% 🔺)	1.733s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.244s	2.011s	0.767s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.286s (+0.7%)	2.011s (~)	0.725s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.288s (+1.9%)	2.010s (~)	0.722s	15	1.04x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.319s	2.006s	0.687s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	1.514s (-1.6%)	2.073s (+3.4%)	0.559s	15	1.22x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.649s (+7.0% 🔺)	2.073s (+3.3%)	0.424s	15	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.879s (+17.9% 🔺)	4.498s (+14.5% 🔺)	1.619s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.452s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.559s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.455s (~)	3.012s (~)	0.557s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.471s	3.012s	0.541s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.590s	3.008s	0.418s	10	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	2.678s (-8.4% 🟢)	3.007s (-10.1% 🟢)	0.330s	10	1.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.163s (-0.9%)	3.760s (-3.3%)	0.597s	8	1.29x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.700s (-9.6% 🟢)	4.181s (-7.6% 🟢)	1.481s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.595s (~)	4.013s (~)	0.417s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.602s (~)	4.014s (~)	0.412s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.760s	4.013s	0.253s	8	1.05x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.271s	5.011s	0.740s	6	1.19x
💻 Local	Express	7.500s (-10.8% 🟢)	8.019s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.519s	4	2.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.204s (+1.9%)	9.523s (-2.6%)	0.320s	4	2.56x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.019s (-2.1%)	4.712s (+3.8%)	1.694s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.676s (-30.0% 🟢)	1.004s (-5.0% 🟢)	0.328s	60	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.709s	1.005s	0.296s	60	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.808s	1.009s	0.201s	60	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.847s (-2.5%)	1.008s (-1.7%)	0.161s	60	1.25x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.869s (+0.5%)	1.009s (-1.7%)	0.140s	60	1.28x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.977s (~)	1.137s (+1.9%)	0.160s	53	1.44x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	10.134s (-5.3% 🟢)	12.076s (-3.0%)	1.943s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.689s	2.006s	0.317s	45	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.990s	2.318s	0.328s	39	1.18x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.034s (-3.9%)	2.798s (-7.1% 🟢)	0.764s	33	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.117s (+3.5%)	3.012s (+13.3% 🔺)	0.895s	30	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	2.226s (-24.6% 🟢)	3.007s (-3.2%)	0.781s	30	1.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.944s (-0.9%)	3.146s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.202s	29	1.74x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	31.007s (-5.2% 🟢)	33.347s (-3.2%)	2.340s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.415s	4.009s	0.594s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.035s	4.606s	0.570s	27	1.18x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4.198s (-2.6%)	5.013s (~)	0.815s	24	1.23x
🐘 Postgres	Express	4.292s (+4.3%)	5.014s (+0.8%)	0.723s	24	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	7.241s (-19.8% 🟢)	7.951s (-17.5% 🟢)	0.710s	16	2.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.035s (-0.6%)	9.480s (-3.9%)	0.444s	13	2.65x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	84.599s (-6.8% 🟢)	86.630s (-6.8% 🟢)	2.031s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.260s	1.009s	0.749s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.297s (+1.1%)	1.009s (~)	0.712s	60	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.298s (+0.6%)	1.009s (~)	0.711s	60	1.14x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.419s	1.021s	0.602s	59	1.61x
💻 Local	Express	0.588s (+0.6%)	1.004s (~)	0.416s	60	2.26x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.611s (-1.0%)	1.005s (~)	0.393s	60	2.35x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.096s (-11.9% 🟢)	3.661s (-2.3%)	1.565s	17	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.527s (-0.7%)	1.009s (~)	0.482s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.539s (+2.9%)	1.010s (~)	0.471s	90	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.552s	1.009s	0.457s	90	1.05x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.212s	2.006s	0.794s	45	2.30x
💻 Local	Express	2.399s (-2.6%)	3.007s (~)	0.608s	30	4.56x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.598s (-1.2%)	3.008s (~)	0.411s	30	4.93x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.965s (+6.8% 🔺)	4.533s (-0.5%)	1.568s	20	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.883s	1.064s	0.181s	114	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.887s (-2.2%)	1.049s (-3.5%)	0.163s	115	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.926s (+3.8%)	1.191s (+13.5% 🔺)	0.266s	101	1.05x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.813s	3.084s	0.271s	39	3.19x
💻 Local	Express	10.319s (-5.0% 🟢)	10.933s (-4.0%)	0.613s	11	11.68x
💻 Local	Nitro	11.194s (-3.5%)	11.845s (-1.5%)	0.651s	11	12.68x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	7.816s (-1.9%)	9.428s (-0.6%)	1.612s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.138s (-30.6% 🟢)	1.003s (~)	0.009s (-20.7% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.877s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.178s	1.000s	0.002s	1.008s	0.829s	10	1.30x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.195s	1.001s	0.001s	1.013s	0.818s	10	1.42x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.197s (-3.2%)	1.003s (~)	0.011s (-4.2%)	1.017s (~)	0.821s	10	1.43x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.206s (-8.5% 🟢)	0.996s (~)	0.001s (-17.6% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.806s	10	1.50x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.238s (+12.0% 🔺)	0.995s (~)	0.001s (-17.6% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.774s	10	1.73x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.910s (+13.9% 🔺)	3.095s (+18.5% 🔺)	0.409s (-52.0% 🟢)	4.049s (~)	2.140s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.492s	1.000s	0.003s	1.011s	0.519s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.569s (-20.3% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.009s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.022s (~)	0.453s	59	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.661s (-2.4%)	1.004s (~)	0.004s (-5.2% 🟢)	1.030s (~)	0.368s	59	1.34x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.679s	1.009s	0.005s	1.027s	0.349s	59	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.694s (+5.2% 🔺)	1.004s (~)	0.006s (+53.7% 🔺)	1.031s (+0.6%)	0.337s	59	1.41x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.718s (-4.3%)	1.009s (~)	0.011s (-0.6%)	1.024s (~)	0.305s	59	1.46x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.554s (+11.7% 🔺)	5.717s (+7.5% 🔺)	0.219s (-49.6% 🟢)	6.724s (+4.8%)	2.170s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.902s	1.017s	0.000s	1.022s	0.119s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.088s	1.820s	0.000s	1.829s	0.742s	33	1.21x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.127s (-1.4%)	1.812s (-3.1%)	0.000s (-3.0%)	1.830s (-3.0%)	0.703s	33	1.25x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.134s (+3.4%)	1.928s (+4.7%)	0.000s (+6.5% 🔺)	1.962s (+5.5% 🔺)	0.828s	31	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	1.142s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.018s (~)	0.000s (-7.1% 🟢)	2.021s (~)	0.880s	30	1.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.213s (-6.4% 🟢)	2.019s (~)	0.000s (-18.2% 🟢)	2.022s (~)	0.808s	30	1.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.484s (+7.4% 🔺)	4.248s (+5.3% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.125s (+8.8% 🔺)	1.641s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.616s	2.035s	0.000s	2.040s	0.423s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.004s (-3.3%)	2.394s (-8.1% 🟢)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.422s (-7.6% 🟢)	0.418s	25	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.179s	2.958s	0.000s	2.967s	0.788s	21	1.35x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.200s (+10.3% 🔺)	2.723s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.000s (+227.3% 🔺)	2.742s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.542s	22	1.36x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.593s (-3.4%)	4.098s (-1.6%)	0.001s (~)	4.101s (-1.6%)	0.508s	15	2.22x
💻 Local	Express	3.620s (+5.3% 🔺)	4.032s (~)	0.001s (+25.0% 🔺)	4.037s (~)	0.417s	15	2.24x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.071s (-0.7%)	5.280s (+4.7%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	5.900s (+2.6%)	1.830s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	19/21
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	11/21
▲ Vercel	Express	21/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	12/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Redis	12/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	17/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: cancelled
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: a25d1a5

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	730	0	60	790
❌ 💻 Local Development	662	8	120	790
❌ 📦 Local Production	662	8	120	790
❌ 🐘 Local Postgres	662	8	120	790
✅ 🪟 Windows	74	0	5	79
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	122	58	21	201
✅ 📋 Other	204	0	33	237
Total	3116	82	479	3677

❌ Failed Tests

💻 Local Development (8 failed)

nextjs-turbopack-canary (4 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHRVQJWF110GTWPCTDNMD
• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KMEDQE64QPC1TC62FCWMF6B7
• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KMEDQGBYY8MK2JPPQ6SJ5CRF

nextjs-webpack-canary (4 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHRVQJWF110GTWPCTDNMD
• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KMEDQE64QPC1TC62FCWMF6B7
• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KMEDQGBYY8MK2JPPQ6SJ5CRF

📦 Local Production (8 failed)

nextjs-turbopack-canary (4 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHRVQJWF110GTWPCTDNMD
• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KMEDQE64QPC1TC62FCWMF6B7
• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KMEDQGBYY8MK2JPPQ6SJ5CRF

nextjs-webpack-canary (4 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHRVQJWF110GTWPCTDNMD
• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KMEDQE64QPC1TC62FCWMF6B7
• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KMEDQGBYY8MK2JPPQ6SJ5CRF

🐘 Local Postgres (8 failed)

nextjs-turbopack-canary (4 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHRVQJWF110GTWPCTDNMD
• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KMEDQE64QPC1TC62FCWMF6B7
• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KMEDQGBYY8MK2JPPQ6SJ5CRF

nextjs-webpack-canary (4 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHRVQJWF110GTWPCTDNMD
• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KMEDQE64QPC1TC62FCWMF6B7
• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KMEDQGBYY8MK2JPPQ6SJ5CRF

🌍 Community Worlds (58 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KMEDEWZW5GZMZV8S031GJC8C
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KMEDNHGKH9BA1R0KQZQ1EN50

redis (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KMEDEWZW5GZMZV8S031GJC8C
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KMEDNHGKH9BA1R0KQZQ1EN50

turso (53 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDDMHHFS7Y533VTJ4K79GR
• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDDMHHFS7Y533VTJ4K79GR
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KMEDF9K106KCAXKGV5V0BK6X
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDDV84KY4TRZDRVQKZEZWP
• promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDE61WHEA38JJ3Y1CKXPNP
• promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDE7SEJJSQZG71SX3HVPB2
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDFM39PTH6101RCPTVKMSG
• hookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDEKC0EWNDN6RBS52Y27DS
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KMEDEWZW5GZMZV8S031GJC8C
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDFCP5G2F3XMW0ZK4M586N
• parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDFRRE73B70G07CYPREHDS
• nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDFX0AJM1RC1PHMFNM0PQ1
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDFZAWRMHNWXWGNA04N8MC
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHRVQJWF110GTWPCTDNMD
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHYBVJYV5J7VKXZYRJKZV
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KMEDMYW65JJSB3980AESTTKJ
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KMEDNHGKH9BA1R0KQZQ1EN50
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KMEDP42TCERRTNZKHK8EKGSH
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KMEDPPH48PFNB57A6K2DGVYF
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KMEDPXTF73ZAXBYZ8G47ZNGS
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KMEDQ2SCTDYG13MPSVGRW4F5
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KMEDQ4RNB5DZSJZ5MBBKZHZQ
• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KMEDQE64QPC1TC62FCWMF6B7
• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KMEDQGBYY8MK2JPPQ6SJ5CRF
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KMEDQXAMJQR440B0N9NZ4931
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KMEDR1R4QK30DF6C0ZH8V509
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KMEDR7E5C87H4AM777Z7GD9R
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KMEDRD2RAFSTZED39Y8NPN67
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KMEDRJZ3MEF6REDGBJG0V8S5
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KMEDRRHHV65781RRH5JTT23X
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KMEDRY9ZXR8GFEE1T7VCMAQ5
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KMEDS7SWGC1FPCRNAMMDB0JG
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KMEDSEZXQRCM4J610WENE8YV
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KMEDSMP24KK471BR0FYA9QY3
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KMEDSXQN64PG3PNFF2BDZE8X
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KMEDT8H2C7H7HTBBZK819CJD
• sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KMEDTWJ7S3VFF4N4EMYTPBQC
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KMEDV694EY24C20MJGQBV03N

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	72	0	7
✅ example	72	0	7
✅ express	72	0	7
✅ fastify	72	0	7
✅ hono	72	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	77	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	77	0	2
✅ nitro	72	0	7
✅ nuxt	72	0	7
✅ vite	72	0	7

❌ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ express-stable	68	0	11
✅ fastify-stable	68	0	11
✅ hono-stable	68	0	11
❌ nextjs-turbopack-canary	53	4	22
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	74	0	5
❌ nextjs-webpack-canary	53	4	22
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	74	0	5
✅ nitro-stable	68	0	11
✅ nuxt-stable	68	0	11
✅ vite-stable	68	0	11

❌ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ express-stable	68	0	11
✅ fastify-stable	68	0	11
✅ hono-stable	68	0	11
❌ nextjs-turbopack-canary	53	4	22
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	74	0	5
❌ nextjs-webpack-canary	53	4	22
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	74	0	5
✅ nitro-stable	68	0	11
✅ nuxt-stable	68	0	11
✅ vite-stable	68	0	11

❌ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ express-stable	68	0	11
✅ fastify-stable	68	0	11
✅ hono-stable	68	0	11
❌ nextjs-turbopack-canary	53	4	22
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	74	0	5
❌ nextjs-webpack-canary	53	4	22
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	74	0	5
✅ nitro-stable	68	0	11
✅ nuxt-stable	68	0	11
✅ vite-stable	68	0	11

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	74	0	5

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	2
❌ mongodb	54	3	5
✅ redis-dev	3	0	2
❌ redis	55	2	5
✅ turso-dev	3	0	2
❌ turso	4	53	5

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	68	0	11
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	68	0	11
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	68	0	11

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: cancelled
• Local Dev: failure
• Local Prod: failure
• Local Postgres: failure
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[vercel]

Additional Suggestion:

Duplicate import of TimestampTooltip on lines 13 and 20 causes TypeScript error TS2300: Duplicate identifier.

[pranaygp]

Closing in favor of #1491

[VaguelySerious]

This re-adds code from #1133 reverted in #1475, with fixes for the e2e tests.

Co-Authored-By: @pranaygp

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.038s (-12.7% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.967s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.044s (+3.5%)	1.005s (~)	0.961s	10	1.17x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.055s	1.005s	0.950s	10	1.46x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.059s (-10.2% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.952s	10	1.56x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.059s	1.011s	0.951s	10	1.57x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.066s (+3.6%)	1.011s (~)	0.945s	10	1.73x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.451s (-13.9% 🟢)	2.227s (-8.6% 🟢)	1.777s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.098s (-2.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.907s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.123s	2.007s	0.884s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.124s (-0.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.882s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.143s	2.013s	0.870s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.146s (-0.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.865s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.153s (+0.8%)	2.013s (~)	0.860s	10	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.149s (-7.7% 🟢)	3.620s (-10.1% 🟢)	1.471s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.627s (-2.6%)	11.022s (~)	0.395s	3	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.828s	11.023s	0.195s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.895s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.128s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.899s (~)	11.041s (~)	0.142s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.917s	11.036s	0.120s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.940s (~)	11.040s (~)	0.101s	3	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	19.119s (-2.2%)	20.382s (-6.5% 🟢)	1.263s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	14.220s (-4.6%)	15.028s (~)	0.808s	4	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.370s	15.029s	0.659s	4	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.488s	15.042s	0.554s	4	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.614s (-1.0%)	15.041s (~)	0.427s	4	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	14.748s (~)	15.045s (~)	0.297s	4	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	14.927s (~)	15.028s (~)	0.101s	4	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	36.255s (-6.6% 🟢)	37.941s (-6.6% 🟢)	1.686s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	13.462s	14.027s	0.565s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.100s (-0.7%)	14.897s (-1.0%)	0.796s	7	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.162s	14.754s	0.593s	7	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	14.716s (+2.0%)	15.206s (+1.1%)	0.490s	6	1.09x
💻 Local	Express	14.787s (-9.8% 🟢)	15.027s (-11.8% 🟢)	0.240s	6	1.10x
💻 Local	Nitro	16.503s (-0.7%)	17.029s (~)	0.525s	6	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	56.855s (-8.6% 🟢)	58.953s (-7.5% 🟢)	2.098s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.264s	2.011s	0.747s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.288s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.723s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.294s (+1.9%)	2.011s (~)	0.716s	15	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.325s	2.007s	0.682s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.517s (+1.8%)	2.005s (~)	0.488s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	1.522s (+1.6%)	2.005s (~)	0.483s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.646s (+9.1% 🔺)	3.903s (-5.6% 🟢)	1.257s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.417s (-2.7%)	3.011s (~)	0.594s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.446s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.565s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.485s	3.012s	0.528s	10	1.03x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.553s	3.009s	0.455s	10	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	2.642s (-11.7% 🟢)	3.007s (-10.0% 🟢)	0.365s	10	1.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.992s (-1.4%)	3.758s (~)	0.767s	8	1.24x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.916s (-19.9% 🟢)	4.531s (-7.4% 🟢)	1.616s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.579s (-0.8%)	4.015s (~)	0.436s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.607s (~)	4.014s (~)	0.406s	8	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.757s	4.013s	0.256s	8	1.05x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.242s	5.011s	0.770s	6	1.19x
💻 Local	Express	7.095s (-13.8% 🟢)	7.514s (-16.7% 🟢)	0.419s	4	1.98x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.980s (-9.7% 🟢)	8.772s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.792s	4	2.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.190s (+10.1% 🔺)	4.924s (+9.8% 🔺)	1.733s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.244s	2.011s	0.767s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.286s (+0.7%)	2.011s (~)	0.725s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.288s (+1.9%)	2.010s (~)	0.722s	15	1.04x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.319s	2.006s	0.687s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	1.514s (-1.6%)	2.073s (+3.4%)	0.559s	15	1.22x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.649s (+7.0% 🔺)	2.073s (+3.3%)	0.424s	15	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.879s (+17.9% 🔺)	4.498s (+14.5% 🔺)	1.619s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.452s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.559s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.455s (~)	3.012s (~)	0.557s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.471s	3.012s	0.541s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.590s	3.008s	0.418s	10	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	2.678s (-8.4% 🟢)	3.007s (-10.1% 🟢)	0.330s	10	1.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.163s (-0.9%)	3.760s (-3.3%)	0.597s	8	1.29x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.700s (-9.6% 🟢)	4.181s (-7.6% 🟢)	1.481s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.595s (~)	4.013s (~)	0.417s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.602s (~)	4.014s (~)	0.412s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.760s	4.013s	0.253s	8	1.05x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.271s	5.011s	0.740s	6	1.19x
💻 Local	Express	7.500s (-10.8% 🟢)	8.019s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.519s	4	2.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.204s (+1.9%)	9.523s (-2.6%)	0.320s	4	2.56x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.019s (-2.1%)	4.712s (+3.8%)	1.694s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.676s (-30.0% 🟢)	1.004s (-5.0% 🟢)	0.328s	60	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.709s	1.005s	0.296s	60	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.808s	1.009s	0.201s	60	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.847s (-2.5%)	1.008s (-1.7%)	0.161s	60	1.25x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.869s (+0.5%)	1.009s (-1.7%)	0.140s	60	1.28x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.977s (~)	1.137s (+1.9%)	0.160s	53	1.44x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	10.134s (-5.3% 🟢)	12.076s (-3.0%)	1.943s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.689s	2.006s	0.317s	45	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.990s	2.318s	0.328s	39	1.18x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.034s (-3.9%)	2.798s (-7.1% 🟢)	0.764s	33	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.117s (+3.5%)	3.012s (+13.3% 🔺)	0.895s	30	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	2.226s (-24.6% 🟢)	3.007s (-3.2%)	0.781s	30	1.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.944s (-0.9%)	3.146s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.202s	29	1.74x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	31.007s (-5.2% 🟢)	33.347s (-3.2%)	2.340s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.415s	4.009s	0.594s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.035s	4.606s	0.570s	27	1.18x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4.198s (-2.6%)	5.013s (~)	0.815s	24	1.23x
🐘 Postgres	Express	4.292s (+4.3%)	5.014s (+0.8%)	0.723s	24	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	7.241s (-19.8% 🟢)	7.951s (-17.5% 🟢)	0.710s	16	2.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.035s (-0.6%)	9.480s (-3.9%)	0.444s	13	2.65x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	84.599s (-6.8% 🟢)	86.630s (-6.8% 🟢)	2.031s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.260s	1.009s	0.749s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.297s (+1.1%)	1.009s (~)	0.712s	60	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.298s (+0.6%)	1.009s (~)	0.711s	60	1.14x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.419s	1.021s	0.602s	59	1.61x
💻 Local	Express	0.588s (+0.6%)	1.004s (~)	0.416s	60	2.26x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.611s (-1.0%)	1.005s (~)	0.393s	60	2.35x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.096s (-11.9% 🟢)	3.661s (-2.3%)	1.565s	17	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.527s (-0.7%)	1.009s (~)	0.482s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.539s (+2.9%)	1.010s (~)	0.471s	90	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.552s	1.009s	0.457s	90	1.05x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.212s	2.006s	0.794s	45	2.30x
💻 Local	Express	2.399s (-2.6%)	3.007s (~)	0.608s	30	4.56x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.598s (-1.2%)	3.008s (~)	0.411s	30	4.93x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.965s (+6.8% 🔺)	4.533s (-0.5%)	1.568s	20	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.883s	1.064s	0.181s	114	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.887s (-2.2%)	1.049s (-3.5%)	0.163s	115	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.926s (+3.8%)	1.191s (+13.5% 🔺)	0.266s	101	1.05x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.813s	3.084s	0.271s	39	3.19x
💻 Local	Express	10.319s (-5.0% 🟢)	10.933s (-4.0%)	0.613s	11	11.68x
💻 Local	Nitro	11.194s (-3.5%)	11.845s (-1.5%)	0.651s	11	12.68x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	7.816s (-1.9%)	9.428s (-0.6%)	1.612s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.138s (-30.6% 🟢)	1.003s (~)	0.009s (-20.7% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.877s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.178s	1.000s	0.002s	1.008s	0.829s	10	1.30x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.195s	1.001s	0.001s	1.013s	0.818s	10	1.42x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.197s (-3.2%)	1.003s (~)	0.011s (-4.2%)	1.017s (~)	0.821s	10	1.43x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.206s (-8.5% 🟢)	0.996s (~)	0.001s (-17.6% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.806s	10	1.50x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.238s (+12.0% 🔺)	0.995s (~)	0.001s (-17.6% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.774s	10	1.73x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.910s (+13.9% 🔺)	3.095s (+18.5% 🔺)	0.409s (-52.0% 🟢)	4.049s (~)	2.140s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.492s	1.000s	0.003s	1.011s	0.519s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.569s (-20.3% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.009s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.022s (~)	0.453s	59	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.661s (-2.4%)	1.004s (~)	0.004s (-5.2% 🟢)	1.030s (~)	0.368s	59	1.34x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.679s	1.009s	0.005s	1.027s	0.349s	59	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.694s (+5.2% 🔺)	1.004s (~)	0.006s (+53.7% 🔺)	1.031s (+0.6%)	0.337s	59	1.41x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.718s (-4.3%)	1.009s (~)	0.011s (-0.6%)	1.024s (~)	0.305s	59	1.46x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.554s (+11.7% 🔺)	5.717s (+7.5% 🔺)	0.219s (-49.6% 🟢)	6.724s (+4.8%)	2.170s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.902s	1.017s	0.000s	1.022s	0.119s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.088s	1.820s	0.000s	1.829s	0.742s	33	1.21x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.127s (-1.4%)	1.812s (-3.1%)	0.000s (-3.0%)	1.830s (-3.0%)	0.703s	33	1.25x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.134s (+3.4%)	1.928s (+4.7%)	0.000s (+6.5% 🔺)	1.962s (+5.5% 🔺)	0.828s	31	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	1.142s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.018s (~)	0.000s (-7.1% 🟢)	2.021s (~)	0.880s	30	1.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.213s (-6.4% 🟢)	2.019s (~)	0.000s (-18.2% 🟢)	2.022s (~)	0.808s	30	1.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.484s (+7.4% 🔺)	4.248s (+5.3% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.125s (+8.8% 🔺)	1.641s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.616s	2.035s	0.000s	2.040s	0.423s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.004s (-3.3%)	2.394s (-8.1% 🟢)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.422s (-7.6% 🟢)	0.418s	25	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.179s	2.958s	0.000s	2.967s	0.788s	21	1.35x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.200s (+10.3% 🔺)	2.723s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.000s (+227.3% 🔺)	2.742s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.542s	22	1.36x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.593s (-3.4%)	4.098s (-1.6%)	0.001s (~)	4.101s (-1.6%)	0.508s	15	2.22x
💻 Local	Express	3.620s (+5.3% 🔺)	4.032s (~)	0.001s (+25.0% 🔺)	4.037s (~)	0.417s	15	2.24x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.071s (-0.7%)	5.280s (+4.7%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	5.900s (+2.6%)	1.830s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	19/21
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	11/21
▲ Vercel	Express	21/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	12/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Redis	12/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	17/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: cancelled
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: a25d1a5

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	730	0	60	790
❌ 💻 Local Development	662	8	120	790
❌ 📦 Local Production	662	8	120	790
❌ 🐘 Local Postgres	662	8	120	790
✅ 🪟 Windows	74	0	5	79
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	122	58	21	201
✅ 📋 Other	204	0	33	237
Total	3116	82	479	3677

❌ Failed Tests

💻 Local Development (8 failed)

nextjs-turbopack-canary (4 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHRVQJWF110GTWPCTDNMD
• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KMEDQE64QPC1TC62FCWMF6B7
• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KMEDQGBYY8MK2JPPQ6SJ5CRF

nextjs-webpack-canary (4 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHRVQJWF110GTWPCTDNMD
• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KMEDQE64QPC1TC62FCWMF6B7
• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KMEDQGBYY8MK2JPPQ6SJ5CRF

📦 Local Production (8 failed)

nextjs-turbopack-canary (4 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHRVQJWF110GTWPCTDNMD
• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KMEDQE64QPC1TC62FCWMF6B7
• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KMEDQGBYY8MK2JPPQ6SJ5CRF

nextjs-webpack-canary (4 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHRVQJWF110GTWPCTDNMD
• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KMEDQE64QPC1TC62FCWMF6B7
• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KMEDQGBYY8MK2JPPQ6SJ5CRF

🐘 Local Postgres (8 failed)

nextjs-turbopack-canary (4 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHRVQJWF110GTWPCTDNMD
• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KMEDQE64QPC1TC62FCWMF6B7
• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KMEDQGBYY8MK2JPPQ6SJ5CRF

nextjs-webpack-canary (4 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHRVQJWF110GTWPCTDNMD
• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KMEDQE64QPC1TC62FCWMF6B7
• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KMEDQGBYY8MK2JPPQ6SJ5CRF

🌍 Community Worlds (58 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KMEDEWZW5GZMZV8S031GJC8C
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KMEDNHGKH9BA1R0KQZQ1EN50

redis (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KMEDEWZW5GZMZV8S031GJC8C
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KMEDNHGKH9BA1R0KQZQ1EN50

turso (53 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDDMHHFS7Y533VTJ4K79GR
• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDDMHHFS7Y533VTJ4K79GR
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KMEDF9K106KCAXKGV5V0BK6X
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDDV84KY4TRZDRVQKZEZWP
• promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDE61WHEA38JJ3Y1CKXPNP
• promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDE7SEJJSQZG71SX3HVPB2
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDFM39PTH6101RCPTVKMSG
• hookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDEKC0EWNDN6RBS52Y27DS
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KMEDEWZW5GZMZV8S031GJC8C
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDFCP5G2F3XMW0ZK4M586N
• parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDFRRE73B70G07CYPREHDS
• nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDFX0AJM1RC1PHMFNM0PQ1
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDFZAWRMHNWXWGNA04N8MC
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHRVQJWF110GTWPCTDNMD
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHYBVJYV5J7VKXZYRJKZV
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KMEDMYW65JJSB3980AESTTKJ
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KMEDNHGKH9BA1R0KQZQ1EN50
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KMEDP42TCERRTNZKHK8EKGSH
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KMEDPPH48PFNB57A6K2DGVYF
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KMEDPXTF73ZAXBYZ8G47ZNGS
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KMEDQ2SCTDYG13MPSVGRW4F5
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KMEDQ4RNB5DZSJZ5MBBKZHZQ
• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KMEDQE64QPC1TC62FCWMF6B7
• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KMEDQGBYY8MK2JPPQ6SJ5CRF
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KMEDQXAMJQR440B0N9NZ4931
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KMEDR1R4QK30DF6C0ZH8V509
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KMEDR7E5C87H4AM777Z7GD9R
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KMEDRD2RAFSTZED39Y8NPN67
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KMEDRJZ3MEF6REDGBJG0V8S5
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KMEDRRHHV65781RRH5JTT23X
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KMEDRY9ZXR8GFEE1T7VCMAQ5
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KMEDS7SWGC1FPCRNAMMDB0JG
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KMEDSEZXQRCM4J610WENE8YV
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KMEDSMP24KK471BR0FYA9QY3
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KMEDSXQN64PG3PNFF2BDZE8X
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KMEDT8H2C7H7HTBBZK819CJD
• sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KMEDTWJ7S3VFF4N4EMYTPBQC
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KMEDV694EY24C20MJGQBV03N

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	72	0	7
✅ example	72	0	7
✅ express	72	0	7
✅ fastify	72	0	7
✅ hono	72	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	77	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	77	0	2
✅ nitro	72	0	7
✅ nuxt	72	0	7
✅ vite	72	0	7

❌ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ express-stable	68	0	11
✅ fastify-stable	68	0	11
✅ hono-stable	68	0	11
❌ nextjs-turbopack-canary	53	4	22
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	74	0	5
❌ nextjs-webpack-canary	53	4	22
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	74	0	5
✅ nitro-stable	68	0	11
✅ nuxt-stable	68	0	11
✅ vite-stable	68	0	11

❌ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ express-stable	68	0	11
✅ fastify-stable	68	0	11
✅ hono-stable	68	0	11
❌ nextjs-turbopack-canary	53	4	22
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	74	0	5
❌ nextjs-webpack-canary	53	4	22
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	74	0	5
✅ nitro-stable	68	0	11
✅ nuxt-stable	68	0	11
✅ vite-stable	68	0	11

❌ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ express-stable	68	0	11
✅ fastify-stable	68	0	11
✅ hono-stable	68	0	11
❌ nextjs-turbopack-canary	53	4	22
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	74	0	5
❌ nextjs-webpack-canary	53	4	22
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	74	0	5
✅ nitro-stable	68	0	11
✅ nuxt-stable	68	0	11
✅ vite-stable	68	0	11

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	74	0	5

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	2
❌ mongodb	54	3	5
✅ redis-dev	3	0	2
❌ redis	55	2	5
✅ turso-dev	3	0	2
❌ turso	4	53	5

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	68	0	11
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	68	0	11
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	68	0	11

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: cancelled
• Local Dev: failure
• Local Prod: failure
• Local Postgres: failure
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[vercel]

Additional Suggestion:

Duplicate import of TimestampTooltip on lines 13 and 20 causes TypeScript error TS2300: Duplicate identifier.

[pranaygp]

Closing in favor of #1491

[VaguelySerious]

This re-adds code from #1133 reverted in #1475, with fixes for the e2e tests.

Co-Authored-By: @pranaygp

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.038s (-12.7% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.967s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.044s (+3.5%)	1.005s (~)	0.961s	10	1.17x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.055s	1.005s	0.950s	10	1.46x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.059s (-10.2% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.952s	10	1.56x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.059s	1.011s	0.951s	10	1.57x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.066s (+3.6%)	1.011s (~)	0.945s	10	1.73x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.451s (-13.9% 🟢)	2.227s (-8.6% 🟢)	1.777s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.098s (-2.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.907s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.123s	2.007s	0.884s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.124s (-0.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.882s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.143s	2.013s	0.870s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.146s (-0.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.865s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.153s (+0.8%)	2.013s (~)	0.860s	10	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.149s (-7.7% 🟢)	3.620s (-10.1% 🟢)	1.471s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.627s (-2.6%)	11.022s (~)	0.395s	3	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.828s	11.023s	0.195s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.895s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.128s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.899s (~)	11.041s (~)	0.142s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.917s	11.036s	0.120s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.940s (~)	11.040s (~)	0.101s	3	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	19.119s (-2.2%)	20.382s (-6.5% 🟢)	1.263s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	14.220s (-4.6%)	15.028s (~)	0.808s	4	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.370s	15.029s	0.659s	4	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.488s	15.042s	0.554s	4	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.614s (-1.0%)	15.041s (~)	0.427s	4	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	14.748s (~)	15.045s (~)	0.297s	4	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	14.927s (~)	15.028s (~)	0.101s	4	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	36.255s (-6.6% 🟢)	37.941s (-6.6% 🟢)	1.686s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	13.462s	14.027s	0.565s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.100s (-0.7%)	14.897s (-1.0%)	0.796s	7	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.162s	14.754s	0.593s	7	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	14.716s (+2.0%)	15.206s (+1.1%)	0.490s	6	1.09x
💻 Local	Express	14.787s (-9.8% 🟢)	15.027s (-11.8% 🟢)	0.240s	6	1.10x
💻 Local	Nitro	16.503s (-0.7%)	17.029s (~)	0.525s	6	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	56.855s (-8.6% 🟢)	58.953s (-7.5% 🟢)	2.098s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.264s	2.011s	0.747s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.288s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.723s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.294s (+1.9%)	2.011s (~)	0.716s	15	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.325s	2.007s	0.682s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.517s (+1.8%)	2.005s (~)	0.488s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	1.522s (+1.6%)	2.005s (~)	0.483s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.646s (+9.1% 🔺)	3.903s (-5.6% 🟢)	1.257s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.417s (-2.7%)	3.011s (~)	0.594s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.446s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.565s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.485s	3.012s	0.528s	10	1.03x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.553s	3.009s	0.455s	10	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	2.642s (-11.7% 🟢)	3.007s (-10.0% 🟢)	0.365s	10	1.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.992s (-1.4%)	3.758s (~)	0.767s	8	1.24x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.916s (-19.9% 🟢)	4.531s (-7.4% 🟢)	1.616s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.579s (-0.8%)	4.015s (~)	0.436s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.607s (~)	4.014s (~)	0.406s	8	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.757s	4.013s	0.256s	8	1.05x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.242s	5.011s	0.770s	6	1.19x
💻 Local	Express	7.095s (-13.8% 🟢)	7.514s (-16.7% 🟢)	0.419s	4	1.98x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.980s (-9.7% 🟢)	8.772s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.792s	4	2.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.190s (+10.1% 🔺)	4.924s (+9.8% 🔺)	1.733s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.244s	2.011s	0.767s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.286s (+0.7%)	2.011s (~)	0.725s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.288s (+1.9%)	2.010s (~)	0.722s	15	1.04x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.319s	2.006s	0.687s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	1.514s (-1.6%)	2.073s (+3.4%)	0.559s	15	1.22x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.649s (+7.0% 🔺)	2.073s (+3.3%)	0.424s	15	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.879s (+17.9% 🔺)	4.498s (+14.5% 🔺)	1.619s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.452s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.559s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.455s (~)	3.012s (~)	0.557s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.471s	3.012s	0.541s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.590s	3.008s	0.418s	10	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	2.678s (-8.4% 🟢)	3.007s (-10.1% 🟢)	0.330s	10	1.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.163s (-0.9%)	3.760s (-3.3%)	0.597s	8	1.29x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.700s (-9.6% 🟢)	4.181s (-7.6% 🟢)	1.481s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.595s (~)	4.013s (~)	0.417s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.602s (~)	4.014s (~)	0.412s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.760s	4.013s	0.253s	8	1.05x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.271s	5.011s	0.740s	6	1.19x
💻 Local	Express	7.500s (-10.8% 🟢)	8.019s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.519s	4	2.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.204s (+1.9%)	9.523s (-2.6%)	0.320s	4	2.56x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.019s (-2.1%)	4.712s (+3.8%)	1.694s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.676s (-30.0% 🟢)	1.004s (-5.0% 🟢)	0.328s	60	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.709s	1.005s	0.296s	60	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.808s	1.009s	0.201s	60	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.847s (-2.5%)	1.008s (-1.7%)	0.161s	60	1.25x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.869s (+0.5%)	1.009s (-1.7%)	0.140s	60	1.28x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.977s (~)	1.137s (+1.9%)	0.160s	53	1.44x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	10.134s (-5.3% 🟢)	12.076s (-3.0%)	1.943s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.689s	2.006s	0.317s	45	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.990s	2.318s	0.328s	39	1.18x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.034s (-3.9%)	2.798s (-7.1% 🟢)	0.764s	33	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.117s (+3.5%)	3.012s (+13.3% 🔺)	0.895s	30	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	2.226s (-24.6% 🟢)	3.007s (-3.2%)	0.781s	30	1.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.944s (-0.9%)	3.146s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.202s	29	1.74x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	31.007s (-5.2% 🟢)	33.347s (-3.2%)	2.340s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.415s	4.009s	0.594s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.035s	4.606s	0.570s	27	1.18x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4.198s (-2.6%)	5.013s (~)	0.815s	24	1.23x
🐘 Postgres	Express	4.292s (+4.3%)	5.014s (+0.8%)	0.723s	24	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	7.241s (-19.8% 🟢)	7.951s (-17.5% 🟢)	0.710s	16	2.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.035s (-0.6%)	9.480s (-3.9%)	0.444s	13	2.65x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	84.599s (-6.8% 🟢)	86.630s (-6.8% 🟢)	2.031s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.260s	1.009s	0.749s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.297s (+1.1%)	1.009s (~)	0.712s	60	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.298s (+0.6%)	1.009s (~)	0.711s	60	1.14x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.419s	1.021s	0.602s	59	1.61x
💻 Local	Express	0.588s (+0.6%)	1.004s (~)	0.416s	60	2.26x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.611s (-1.0%)	1.005s (~)	0.393s	60	2.35x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.096s (-11.9% 🟢)	3.661s (-2.3%)	1.565s	17	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.527s (-0.7%)	1.009s (~)	0.482s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.539s (+2.9%)	1.010s (~)	0.471s	90	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.552s	1.009s	0.457s	90	1.05x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.212s	2.006s	0.794s	45	2.30x
💻 Local	Express	2.399s (-2.6%)	3.007s (~)	0.608s	30	4.56x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.598s (-1.2%)	3.008s (~)	0.411s	30	4.93x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.965s (+6.8% 🔺)	4.533s (-0.5%)	1.568s	20	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.883s	1.064s	0.181s	114	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.887s (-2.2%)	1.049s (-3.5%)	0.163s	115	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.926s (+3.8%)	1.191s (+13.5% 🔺)	0.266s	101	1.05x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.813s	3.084s	0.271s	39	3.19x
💻 Local	Express	10.319s (-5.0% 🟢)	10.933s (-4.0%)	0.613s	11	11.68x
💻 Local	Nitro	11.194s (-3.5%)	11.845s (-1.5%)	0.651s	11	12.68x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	7.816s (-1.9%)	9.428s (-0.6%)	1.612s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.138s (-30.6% 🟢)	1.003s (~)	0.009s (-20.7% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.877s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.178s	1.000s	0.002s	1.008s	0.829s	10	1.30x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.195s	1.001s	0.001s	1.013s	0.818s	10	1.42x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.197s (-3.2%)	1.003s (~)	0.011s (-4.2%)	1.017s (~)	0.821s	10	1.43x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.206s (-8.5% 🟢)	0.996s (~)	0.001s (-17.6% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.806s	10	1.50x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.238s (+12.0% 🔺)	0.995s (~)	0.001s (-17.6% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.774s	10	1.73x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.910s (+13.9% 🔺)	3.095s (+18.5% 🔺)	0.409s (-52.0% 🟢)	4.049s (~)	2.140s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.492s	1.000s	0.003s	1.011s	0.519s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.569s (-20.3% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.009s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.022s (~)	0.453s	59	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.661s (-2.4%)	1.004s (~)	0.004s (-5.2% 🟢)	1.030s (~)	0.368s	59	1.34x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.679s	1.009s	0.005s	1.027s	0.349s	59	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.694s (+5.2% 🔺)	1.004s (~)	0.006s (+53.7% 🔺)	1.031s (+0.6%)	0.337s	59	1.41x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.718s (-4.3%)	1.009s (~)	0.011s (-0.6%)	1.024s (~)	0.305s	59	1.46x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.554s (+11.7% 🔺)	5.717s (+7.5% 🔺)	0.219s (-49.6% 🟢)	6.724s (+4.8%)	2.170s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.902s	1.017s	0.000s	1.022s	0.119s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.088s	1.820s	0.000s	1.829s	0.742s	33	1.21x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.127s (-1.4%)	1.812s (-3.1%)	0.000s (-3.0%)	1.830s (-3.0%)	0.703s	33	1.25x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.134s (+3.4%)	1.928s (+4.7%)	0.000s (+6.5% 🔺)	1.962s (+5.5% 🔺)	0.828s	31	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	1.142s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.018s (~)	0.000s (-7.1% 🟢)	2.021s (~)	0.880s	30	1.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.213s (-6.4% 🟢)	2.019s (~)	0.000s (-18.2% 🟢)	2.022s (~)	0.808s	30	1.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.484s (+7.4% 🔺)	4.248s (+5.3% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.125s (+8.8% 🔺)	1.641s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.616s	2.035s	0.000s	2.040s	0.423s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.004s (-3.3%)	2.394s (-8.1% 🟢)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.422s (-7.6% 🟢)	0.418s	25	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.179s	2.958s	0.000s	2.967s	0.788s	21	1.35x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.200s (+10.3% 🔺)	2.723s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.000s (+227.3% 🔺)	2.742s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.542s	22	1.36x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.593s (-3.4%)	4.098s (-1.6%)	0.001s (~)	4.101s (-1.6%)	0.508s	15	2.22x
💻 Local	Express	3.620s (+5.3% 🔺)	4.032s (~)	0.001s (+25.0% 🔺)	4.037s (~)	0.417s	15	2.24x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.071s (-0.7%)	5.280s (+4.7%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	5.900s (+2.6%)	1.830s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	19/21
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	11/21
▲ Vercel	Express	21/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	12/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Redis	12/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	17/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: cancelled
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: a25d1a5

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	730	0	60	790
❌ 💻 Local Development	662	8	120	790
❌ 📦 Local Production	662	8	120	790
❌ 🐘 Local Postgres	662	8	120	790
✅ 🪟 Windows	74	0	5	79
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	122	58	21	201
✅ 📋 Other	204	0	33	237
Total	3116	82	479	3677

❌ Failed Tests

💻 Local Development (8 failed)

nextjs-turbopack-canary (4 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHRVQJWF110GTWPCTDNMD
• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KMEDQE64QPC1TC62FCWMF6B7
• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KMEDQGBYY8MK2JPPQ6SJ5CRF

nextjs-webpack-canary (4 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHRVQJWF110GTWPCTDNMD
• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KMEDQE64QPC1TC62FCWMF6B7
• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KMEDQGBYY8MK2JPPQ6SJ5CRF

📦 Local Production (8 failed)

nextjs-turbopack-canary (4 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHRVQJWF110GTWPCTDNMD
• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KMEDQE64QPC1TC62FCWMF6B7
• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KMEDQGBYY8MK2JPPQ6SJ5CRF

nextjs-webpack-canary (4 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHRVQJWF110GTWPCTDNMD
• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KMEDQE64QPC1TC62FCWMF6B7
• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KMEDQGBYY8MK2JPPQ6SJ5CRF

🐘 Local Postgres (8 failed)

nextjs-turbopack-canary (4 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHRVQJWF110GTWPCTDNMD
• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KMEDQE64QPC1TC62FCWMF6B7
• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KMEDQGBYY8MK2JPPQ6SJ5CRF

nextjs-webpack-canary (4 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHRVQJWF110GTWPCTDNMD
• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KMEDQE64QPC1TC62FCWMF6B7
• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KMEDQGBYY8MK2JPPQ6SJ5CRF

🌍 Community Worlds (58 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KMEDEWZW5GZMZV8S031GJC8C
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KMEDNHGKH9BA1R0KQZQ1EN50

redis (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KMEDEWZW5GZMZV8S031GJC8C
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KMEDNHGKH9BA1R0KQZQ1EN50

turso (53 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDDMHHFS7Y533VTJ4K79GR
• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDDMHHFS7Y533VTJ4K79GR
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KMEDF9K106KCAXKGV5V0BK6X
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDDV84KY4TRZDRVQKZEZWP
• promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDE61WHEA38JJ3Y1CKXPNP
• promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDE7SEJJSQZG71SX3HVPB2
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDFM39PTH6101RCPTVKMSG
• hookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDEKC0EWNDN6RBS52Y27DS
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KMEDEWZW5GZMZV8S031GJC8C
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDFCP5G2F3XMW0ZK4M586N
• parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDFRRE73B70G07CYPREHDS
• nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDFX0AJM1RC1PHMFNM0PQ1
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDFZAWRMHNWXWGNA04N8MC
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHRVQJWF110GTWPCTDNMD
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHYBVJYV5J7VKXZYRJKZV
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KMEDMYW65JJSB3980AESTTKJ
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KMEDNHGKH9BA1R0KQZQ1EN50
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KMEDP42TCERRTNZKHK8EKGSH
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KMEDPPH48PFNB57A6K2DGVYF
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KMEDPXTF73ZAXBYZ8G47ZNGS
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KMEDQ2SCTDYG13MPSVGRW4F5
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KMEDQ4RNB5DZSJZ5MBBKZHZQ
• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KMEDQE64QPC1TC62FCWMF6B7
• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KMEDQGBYY8MK2JPPQ6SJ5CRF
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KMEDQXAMJQR440B0N9NZ4931
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KMEDR1R4QK30DF6C0ZH8V509
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KMEDR7E5C87H4AM777Z7GD9R
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KMEDRD2RAFSTZED39Y8NPN67
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KMEDRJZ3MEF6REDGBJG0V8S5
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KMEDRRHHV65781RRH5JTT23X
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KMEDRY9ZXR8GFEE1T7VCMAQ5
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KMEDS7SWGC1FPCRNAMMDB0JG
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KMEDSEZXQRCM4J610WENE8YV
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KMEDSMP24KK471BR0FYA9QY3
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KMEDSXQN64PG3PNFF2BDZE8X
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KMEDT8H2C7H7HTBBZK819CJD
• sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KMEDTWJ7S3VFF4N4EMYTPBQC
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KMEDV694EY24C20MJGQBV03N

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	72	0	7
✅ example	72	0	7
✅ express	72	0	7
✅ fastify	72	0	7
✅ hono	72	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	77	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	77	0	2
✅ nitro	72	0	7
✅ nuxt	72	0	7
✅ vite	72	0	7

❌ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ express-stable	68	0	11
✅ fastify-stable	68	0	11
✅ hono-stable	68	0	11
❌ nextjs-turbopack-canary	53	4	22
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	74	0	5
❌ nextjs-webpack-canary	53	4	22
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	74	0	5
✅ nitro-stable	68	0	11
✅ nuxt-stable	68	0	11
✅ vite-stable	68	0	11

❌ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ express-stable	68	0	11
✅ fastify-stable	68	0	11
✅ hono-stable	68	0	11
❌ nextjs-turbopack-canary	53	4	22
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	74	0	5
❌ nextjs-webpack-canary	53	4	22
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	74	0	5
✅ nitro-stable	68	0	11
✅ nuxt-stable	68	0	11
✅ vite-stable	68	0	11

❌ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ express-stable	68	0	11
✅ fastify-stable	68	0	11
✅ hono-stable	68	0	11
❌ nextjs-turbopack-canary	53	4	22
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	74	0	5
❌ nextjs-webpack-canary	53	4	22
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	74	0	5
✅ nitro-stable	68	0	11
✅ nuxt-stable	68	0	11
✅ vite-stable	68	0	11

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	74	0	5

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	2
❌ mongodb	54	3	5
✅ redis-dev	3	0	2
❌ redis	55	2	5
✅ turso-dev	3	0	2
❌ turso	4	53	5

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	68	0	11
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	68	0	11
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	68	0	11

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: cancelled
• Local Dev: failure
• Local Prod: failure
• Local Postgres: failure
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[vercel]

Additional Suggestion:

Duplicate import of TimestampTooltip on lines 13 and 20 causes TypeScript error TS2300: Duplicate identifier.

[pranaygp]

Closing in favor of #1491

[VaguelySerious]

This re-adds code from #1133 reverted in #1475, with fixes for the e2e tests.

Co-Authored-By: @pranaygp

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 23, 2026 10:36pm

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.038s (-12.7% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.967s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.044s (+3.5%)	1.005s (~)	0.961s	10	1.17x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.055s	1.005s	0.950s	10	1.46x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.059s (-10.2% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.952s	10	1.56x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.059s	1.011s	0.951s	10	1.57x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.066s (+3.6%)	1.011s (~)	0.945s	10	1.73x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.451s (-13.9% 🟢)	2.227s (-8.6% 🟢)	1.777s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.098s (-2.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.907s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.123s	2.007s	0.884s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.124s (-0.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.882s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.143s	2.013s	0.870s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.146s (-0.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.865s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.153s (+0.8%)	2.013s (~)	0.860s	10	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.149s (-7.7% 🟢)	3.620s (-10.1% 🟢)	1.471s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.627s (-2.6%)	11.022s (~)	0.395s	3	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.828s	11.023s	0.195s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.895s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.128s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.899s (~)	11.041s (~)	0.142s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.917s	11.036s	0.120s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.940s (~)	11.040s (~)	0.101s	3	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	19.119s (-2.2%)	20.382s (-6.5% 🟢)	1.263s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	14.220s (-4.6%)	15.028s (~)	0.808s	4	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.370s	15.029s	0.659s	4	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.488s	15.042s	0.554s	4	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.614s (-1.0%)	15.041s (~)	0.427s	4	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	14.748s (~)	15.045s (~)	0.297s	4	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	14.927s (~)	15.028s (~)	0.101s	4	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	36.255s (-6.6% 🟢)	37.941s (-6.6% 🟢)	1.686s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	13.462s	14.027s	0.565s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.100s (-0.7%)	14.897s (-1.0%)	0.796s	7	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.162s	14.754s	0.593s	7	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	14.716s (+2.0%)	15.206s (+1.1%)	0.490s	6	1.09x
💻 Local	Express	14.787s (-9.8% 🟢)	15.027s (-11.8% 🟢)	0.240s	6	1.10x
💻 Local	Nitro	16.503s (-0.7%)	17.029s (~)	0.525s	6	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	56.855s (-8.6% 🟢)	58.953s (-7.5% 🟢)	2.098s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.264s	2.011s	0.747s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.288s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.723s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.294s (+1.9%)	2.011s (~)	0.716s	15	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.325s	2.007s	0.682s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.517s (+1.8%)	2.005s (~)	0.488s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	1.522s (+1.6%)	2.005s (~)	0.483s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.646s (+9.1% 🔺)	3.903s (-5.6% 🟢)	1.257s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.417s (-2.7%)	3.011s (~)	0.594s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.446s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.565s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.485s	3.012s	0.528s	10	1.03x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.553s	3.009s	0.455s	10	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	2.642s (-11.7% 🟢)	3.007s (-10.0% 🟢)	0.365s	10	1.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.992s (-1.4%)	3.758s (~)	0.767s	8	1.24x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.916s (-19.9% 🟢)	4.531s (-7.4% 🟢)	1.616s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.579s (-0.8%)	4.015s (~)	0.436s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.607s (~)	4.014s (~)	0.406s	8	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.757s	4.013s	0.256s	8	1.05x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.242s	5.011s	0.770s	6	1.19x
💻 Local	Express	7.095s (-13.8% 🟢)	7.514s (-16.7% 🟢)	0.419s	4	1.98x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.980s (-9.7% 🟢)	8.772s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.792s	4	2.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.190s (+10.1% 🔺)	4.924s (+9.8% 🔺)	1.733s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.244s	2.011s	0.767s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.286s (+0.7%)	2.011s (~)	0.725s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.288s (+1.9%)	2.010s (~)	0.722s	15	1.04x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.319s	2.006s	0.687s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	1.514s (-1.6%)	2.073s (+3.4%)	0.559s	15	1.22x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.649s (+7.0% 🔺)	2.073s (+3.3%)	0.424s	15	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.879s (+17.9% 🔺)	4.498s (+14.5% 🔺)	1.619s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.452s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.559s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.455s (~)	3.012s (~)	0.557s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.471s	3.012s	0.541s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.590s	3.008s	0.418s	10	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	2.678s (-8.4% 🟢)	3.007s (-10.1% 🟢)	0.330s	10	1.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.163s (-0.9%)	3.760s (-3.3%)	0.597s	8	1.29x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.700s (-9.6% 🟢)	4.181s (-7.6% 🟢)	1.481s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.595s (~)	4.013s (~)	0.417s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.602s (~)	4.014s (~)	0.412s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.760s	4.013s	0.253s	8	1.05x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.271s	5.011s	0.740s	6	1.19x
💻 Local	Express	7.500s (-10.8% 🟢)	8.019s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.519s	4	2.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.204s (+1.9%)	9.523s (-2.6%)	0.320s	4	2.56x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.019s (-2.1%)	4.712s (+3.8%)	1.694s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.676s (-30.0% 🟢)	1.004s (-5.0% 🟢)	0.328s	60	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.709s	1.005s	0.296s	60	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.808s	1.009s	0.201s	60	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.847s (-2.5%)	1.008s (-1.7%)	0.161s	60	1.25x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.869s (+0.5%)	1.009s (-1.7%)	0.140s	60	1.28x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.977s (~)	1.137s (+1.9%)	0.160s	53	1.44x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	10.134s (-5.3% 🟢)	12.076s (-3.0%)	1.943s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.689s	2.006s	0.317s	45	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.990s	2.318s	0.328s	39	1.18x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.034s (-3.9%)	2.798s (-7.1% 🟢)	0.764s	33	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.117s (+3.5%)	3.012s (+13.3% 🔺)	0.895s	30	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	2.226s (-24.6% 🟢)	3.007s (-3.2%)	0.781s	30	1.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.944s (-0.9%)	3.146s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.202s	29	1.74x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	31.007s (-5.2% 🟢)	33.347s (-3.2%)	2.340s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.415s	4.009s	0.594s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.035s	4.606s	0.570s	27	1.18x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4.198s (-2.6%)	5.013s (~)	0.815s	24	1.23x
🐘 Postgres	Express	4.292s (+4.3%)	5.014s (+0.8%)	0.723s	24	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	7.241s (-19.8% 🟢)	7.951s (-17.5% 🟢)	0.710s	16	2.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.035s (-0.6%)	9.480s (-3.9%)	0.444s	13	2.65x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	84.599s (-6.8% 🟢)	86.630s (-6.8% 🟢)	2.031s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.260s	1.009s	0.749s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.297s (+1.1%)	1.009s (~)	0.712s	60	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.298s (+0.6%)	1.009s (~)	0.711s	60	1.14x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.419s	1.021s	0.602s	59	1.61x
💻 Local	Express	0.588s (+0.6%)	1.004s (~)	0.416s	60	2.26x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.611s (-1.0%)	1.005s (~)	0.393s	60	2.35x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.096s (-11.9% 🟢)	3.661s (-2.3%)	1.565s	17	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.527s (-0.7%)	1.009s (~)	0.482s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.539s (+2.9%)	1.010s (~)	0.471s	90	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.552s	1.009s	0.457s	90	1.05x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.212s	2.006s	0.794s	45	2.30x
💻 Local	Express	2.399s (-2.6%)	3.007s (~)	0.608s	30	4.56x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.598s (-1.2%)	3.008s (~)	0.411s	30	4.93x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.965s (+6.8% 🔺)	4.533s (-0.5%)	1.568s	20	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.883s	1.064s	0.181s	114	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.887s (-2.2%)	1.049s (-3.5%)	0.163s	115	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.926s (+3.8%)	1.191s (+13.5% 🔺)	0.266s	101	1.05x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.813s	3.084s	0.271s	39	3.19x
💻 Local	Express	10.319s (-5.0% 🟢)	10.933s (-4.0%)	0.613s	11	11.68x
💻 Local	Nitro	11.194s (-3.5%)	11.845s (-1.5%)	0.651s	11	12.68x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	7.816s (-1.9%)	9.428s (-0.6%)	1.612s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.138s (-30.6% 🟢)	1.003s (~)	0.009s (-20.7% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.877s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.178s	1.000s	0.002s	1.008s	0.829s	10	1.30x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.195s	1.001s	0.001s	1.013s	0.818s	10	1.42x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.197s (-3.2%)	1.003s (~)	0.011s (-4.2%)	1.017s (~)	0.821s	10	1.43x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.206s (-8.5% 🟢)	0.996s (~)	0.001s (-17.6% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.806s	10	1.50x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.238s (+12.0% 🔺)	0.995s (~)	0.001s (-17.6% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.774s	10	1.73x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.910s (+13.9% 🔺)	3.095s (+18.5% 🔺)	0.409s (-52.0% 🟢)	4.049s (~)	2.140s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.492s	1.000s	0.003s	1.011s	0.519s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.569s (-20.3% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.009s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.022s (~)	0.453s	59	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.661s (-2.4%)	1.004s (~)	0.004s (-5.2% 🟢)	1.030s (~)	0.368s	59	1.34x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.679s	1.009s	0.005s	1.027s	0.349s	59	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.694s (+5.2% 🔺)	1.004s (~)	0.006s (+53.7% 🔺)	1.031s (+0.6%)	0.337s	59	1.41x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.718s (-4.3%)	1.009s (~)	0.011s (-0.6%)	1.024s (~)	0.305s	59	1.46x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.554s (+11.7% 🔺)	5.717s (+7.5% 🔺)	0.219s (-49.6% 🟢)	6.724s (+4.8%)	2.170s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.902s	1.017s	0.000s	1.022s	0.119s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.088s	1.820s	0.000s	1.829s	0.742s	33	1.21x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.127s (-1.4%)	1.812s (-3.1%)	0.000s (-3.0%)	1.830s (-3.0%)	0.703s	33	1.25x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.134s (+3.4%)	1.928s (+4.7%)	0.000s (+6.5% 🔺)	1.962s (+5.5% 🔺)	0.828s	31	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	1.142s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.018s (~)	0.000s (-7.1% 🟢)	2.021s (~)	0.880s	30	1.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.213s (-6.4% 🟢)	2.019s (~)	0.000s (-18.2% 🟢)	2.022s (~)	0.808s	30	1.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.484s (+7.4% 🔺)	4.248s (+5.3% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.125s (+8.8% 🔺)	1.641s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.616s	2.035s	0.000s	2.040s	0.423s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.004s (-3.3%)	2.394s (-8.1% 🟢)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.422s (-7.6% 🟢)	0.418s	25	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.179s	2.958s	0.000s	2.967s	0.788s	21	1.35x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.200s (+10.3% 🔺)	2.723s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.000s (+227.3% 🔺)	2.742s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.542s	22	1.36x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.593s (-3.4%)	4.098s (-1.6%)	0.001s (~)	4.101s (-1.6%)	0.508s	15	2.22x
💻 Local	Express	3.620s (+5.3% 🔺)	4.032s (~)	0.001s (+25.0% 🔺)	4.037s (~)	0.417s	15	2.24x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.071s (-0.7%)	5.280s (+4.7%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	5.900s (+2.6%)	1.830s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	19/21
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	11/21
▲ Vercel	Express	21/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	12/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Redis	12/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	17/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: cancelled
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: a25d1a5

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	730	0	60	790
❌ 💻 Local Development	662	8	120	790
❌ 📦 Local Production	662	8	120	790
❌ 🐘 Local Postgres	662	8	120	790
✅ 🪟 Windows	74	0	5	79
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	122	58	21	201
✅ 📋 Other	204	0	33	237
Total	3116	82	479	3677

❌ Failed Tests

💻 Local Development (8 failed)

nextjs-turbopack-canary (4 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHRVQJWF110GTWPCTDNMD
• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KMEDQE64QPC1TC62FCWMF6B7
• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KMEDQGBYY8MK2JPPQ6SJ5CRF

nextjs-webpack-canary (4 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHRVQJWF110GTWPCTDNMD
• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KMEDQE64QPC1TC62FCWMF6B7
• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KMEDQGBYY8MK2JPPQ6SJ5CRF

📦 Local Production (8 failed)

nextjs-turbopack-canary (4 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHRVQJWF110GTWPCTDNMD
• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KMEDQE64QPC1TC62FCWMF6B7
• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KMEDQGBYY8MK2JPPQ6SJ5CRF

nextjs-webpack-canary (4 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHRVQJWF110GTWPCTDNMD
• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KMEDQE64QPC1TC62FCWMF6B7
• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KMEDQGBYY8MK2JPPQ6SJ5CRF

🐘 Local Postgres (8 failed)

nextjs-turbopack-canary (4 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHRVQJWF110GTWPCTDNMD
• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KMEDQE64QPC1TC62FCWMF6B7
• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KMEDQGBYY8MK2JPPQ6SJ5CRF

nextjs-webpack-canary (4 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHRVQJWF110GTWPCTDNMD
• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KMEDQE64QPC1TC62FCWMF6B7
• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KMEDQGBYY8MK2JPPQ6SJ5CRF

🌍 Community Worlds (58 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KMEDEWZW5GZMZV8S031GJC8C
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KMEDNHGKH9BA1R0KQZQ1EN50

redis (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KMEDEWZW5GZMZV8S031GJC8C
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KMEDNHGKH9BA1R0KQZQ1EN50

turso (53 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDDMHHFS7Y533VTJ4K79GR
• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDDMHHFS7Y533VTJ4K79GR
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KMEDF9K106KCAXKGV5V0BK6X
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDDV84KY4TRZDRVQKZEZWP
• promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDE61WHEA38JJ3Y1CKXPNP
• promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDE7SEJJSQZG71SX3HVPB2
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDFM39PTH6101RCPTVKMSG
• hookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDEKC0EWNDN6RBS52Y27DS
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KMEDEWZW5GZMZV8S031GJC8C
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDF5SDGTQVB62ERNSGEXFR
• sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDFCP5G2F3XMW0ZK4M586N
• parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDFRRE73B70G07CYPREHDS
• nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDFX0AJM1RC1PHMFNM0PQ1
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDFZAWRMHNWXWGNA04N8MC
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHRVQJWF110GTWPCTDNMD
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KMEDHYBVJYV5J7VKXZYRJKZV
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KMEDMYW65JJSB3980AESTTKJ
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KMEDNHGKH9BA1R0KQZQ1EN50
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KMEDP42TCERRTNZKHK8EKGSH
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KMEDPPH48PFNB57A6K2DGVYF
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KMEDPXTF73ZAXBYZ8G47ZNGS
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KMEDQ2SCTDYG13MPSVGRW4F5
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KMEDQ4RNB5DZSJZ5MBBKZHZQ
• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KMEDQE64QPC1TC62FCWMF6B7
• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KMEDQGBYY8MK2JPPQ6SJ5CRF
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KMEDQXAMJQR440B0N9NZ4931
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KMEDR1R4QK30DF6C0ZH8V509
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KMEDR7E5C87H4AM777Z7GD9R
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KMEDRD2RAFSTZED39Y8NPN67
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KMEDRJZ3MEF6REDGBJG0V8S5
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KMEDRRHHV65781RRH5JTT23X
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KMEDRY9ZXR8GFEE1T7VCMAQ5
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KMEDS7SWGC1FPCRNAMMDB0JG
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KMEDSEZXQRCM4J610WENE8YV
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KMEDSMP24KK471BR0FYA9QY3
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KMEDSXQN64PG3PNFF2BDZE8X
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KMEDT8H2C7H7HTBBZK819CJD
• sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KMEDTWJ7S3VFF4N4EMYTPBQC
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KMEDV694EY24C20MJGQBV03N

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	72	0	7
✅ example	72	0	7
✅ express	72	0	7
✅ fastify	72	0	7
✅ hono	72	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	77	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	77	0	2
✅ nitro	72	0	7
✅ nuxt	72	0	7
✅ vite	72	0	7

❌ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ express-stable	68	0	11
✅ fastify-stable	68	0	11
✅ hono-stable	68	0	11
❌ nextjs-turbopack-canary	53	4	22
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	74	0	5
❌ nextjs-webpack-canary	53	4	22
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	74	0	5
✅ nitro-stable	68	0	11
✅ nuxt-stable	68	0	11
✅ vite-stable	68	0	11

❌ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ express-stable	68	0	11
✅ fastify-stable	68	0	11
✅ hono-stable	68	0	11
❌ nextjs-turbopack-canary	53	4	22
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	74	0	5
❌ nextjs-webpack-canary	53	4	22
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	74	0	5
✅ nitro-stable	68	0	11
✅ nuxt-stable	68	0	11
✅ vite-stable	68	0	11

❌ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ express-stable	68	0	11
✅ fastify-stable	68	0	11
✅ hono-stable	68	0	11
❌ nextjs-turbopack-canary	53	4	22
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	74	0	5
❌ nextjs-webpack-canary	53	4	22
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	74	0	5
✅ nitro-stable	68	0	11
✅ nuxt-stable	68	0	11
✅ vite-stable	68	0	11

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	74	0	5

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	2
❌ mongodb	54	3	5
✅ redis-dev	3	0	2
❌ redis	55	2	5
✅ turso-dev	3	0	2
❌ turso	4	53	5

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	68	0	11
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	68	0	11
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	68	0	11

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: cancelled
• Local Dev: failure
• Local Prod: failure
• Local Postgres: failure
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[vercel]

Additional Suggestion:

Duplicate import of TimestampTooltip on lines 13 and 20 causes TypeScript error TS2300: Duplicate identifier.

[pranaygp]

Closing in favor of #1491