Revert "Add support for calling start() inside workflow functions" (#1133)

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Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-nestjs-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.039s (-18.5% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.966s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.044s (-2.7%)	1.005s (~)	0.961s	10	1.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.050s	1.005s	0.955s	10	1.29x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.056s	1.006s	0.950s	10	1.44x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.061s (-11.8% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.951s	10	1.58x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.064s (-10.1% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.948s	10	1.65x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.067s	1.011s	0.944s	10	1.73x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.607s (+5.3% 🔺)	2.471s (-3.3%)	1.864s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.095s (-3.0%)	2.005s (~)	0.909s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.121s	2.006s	0.886s	10	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.125s	2.006s	0.882s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.132s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.873s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.143s	2.013s	0.870s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.154s (+1.0%)	2.014s (~)	0.860s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.163s (+2.1%)	2.013s (~)	0.850s	10	1.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.102s (-4.8%)	3.714s (-4.6%)	1.612s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	10.630s (-2.4%)	11.023s (~)	0.393s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.810s	11.023s	0.212s	3	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.825s	11.024s	0.199s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	10.917s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.105s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.936s (~)	11.041s (~)	0.105s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.945s (~)	11.048s (~)	0.103s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.945s	11.048s	0.103s	3	1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	17.998s (+3.6%)	19.229s (-0.7%)	1.231s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	14.223s (-4.6%)	15.028s (~)	0.806s	4	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.247s	15.029s	0.782s	4	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.618s	15.050s	0.432s	4	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.633s	15.030s	0.397s	4	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.709s (-0.8%)	15.044s (~)	0.335s	4	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	14.720s (+1.0%)	15.044s (~)	0.323s	4	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	14.904s (-0.6%)	15.028s (-3.2%)	0.124s	4	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	33.123s (-1.9%)	35.584s (~)	2.461s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	13.424s	14.027s	0.604s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.104s	14.900s	0.796s	7	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.257s (-0.8%)	15.039s (~)	0.782s	6	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	14.296s (+2.0%)	15.043s (+4.0%)	0.747s	6	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	14.780s (-10.2% 🟢)	15.027s (-11.8% 🟢)	0.247s	6	1.10x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	15.882s	16.195s	0.313s	6	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	16.472s (-1.3%)	17.030s (~)	0.558s	6	1.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	58.096s (+0.7%)	60.099s (+1.1%)	2.003s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.251s	2.011s	0.760s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.276s (+0.8%)	2.011s (~)	0.736s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.286s (-0.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.725s	15	1.03x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.318s	2.006s	0.689s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.479s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.527s	15	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	1.492s (-1.0%)	2.007s (~)	0.515s	15	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.525s	2.006s	0.481s	15	1.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.591s (-6.1% 🟢)	4.131s (-10.5% 🟢)	1.539s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.440s	3.012s	0.572s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.465s (~)	3.012s (~)	0.547s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.468s (~)	3.013s (~)	0.544s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.547s	3.008s	0.461s	10	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.651s (-7.7% 🟢)	3.007s (-3.2%)	0.356s	10	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.822s	3.342s	0.520s	9	1.16x
💻 Local	Express	3.000s (~)	3.341s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.342s	9	1.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.372s (+18.1% 🔺)	5.050s (+13.1% 🔺)	1.678s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.592s (~)	4.014s (~)	0.421s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.624s (~)	4.015s (~)	0.392s	8	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.752s	4.014s	0.263s	8	1.04x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.151s	5.011s	0.860s	6	1.16x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.052s (-13.2% 🟢)	7.414s (-15.5% 🟢)	0.363s	5	1.96x
💻 Local	Express	8.043s (-5.1% 🟢)	8.522s (-5.5% 🟢)	0.478s	4	2.24x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.046s	8.517s	0.471s	4	2.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.328s (+1.3%)	4.661s (~)	1.333s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.244s	2.011s	0.767s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.261s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.750s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.285s (+0.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.726s	15	1.03x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.301s	2.007s	0.706s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.472s (-5.6% 🟢)	2.005s (~)	0.533s	15	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	1.521s (-1.0%)	2.005s (~)	0.484s	15	1.22x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.537s	2.005s	0.468s	15	1.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.356s (+6.6% 🔺)	4.044s (+4.6%)	1.689s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.438s	3.012s	0.574s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.453s (~)	3.013s (~)	0.560s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.462s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.549s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.577s	3.008s	0.431s	10	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.715s (-10.3% 🟢)	3.108s (-15.4% 🟢)	0.393s	10	1.11x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.897s	3.210s	0.313s	10	1.19x
💻 Local	Express	2.974s (-1.9%)	3.452s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.478s	9	1.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.182s (+18.8% 🔺)	4.728s (+2.6%)	1.546s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.610s (~)	4.014s (~)	0.404s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.622s (~)	4.013s (~)	0.391s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.720s	4.015s	0.295s	8	1.03x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.184s	4.726s	0.542s	7	1.16x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.777s (-10.0% 🟢)	8.267s (-8.4% 🟢)	0.491s	4	2.15x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.273s	8.768s	0.495s	4	2.29x
💻 Local	Express	8.758s (-3.3%)	9.273s (-5.1% 🟢)	0.515s	4	2.43x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.045s (-0.7%)	4.316s (-5.0%)	1.271s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.685s	1.004s	0.319s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.693s (-27.5% 🟢)	1.004s (-1.7%)	0.311s	60	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.839s	1.021s	0.183s	59	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.845s	1.026s	0.182s	59	1.23x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.869s (~)	1.009s (-1.6%)	0.140s	60	1.27x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.870s (-3.1%)	1.026s (-1.7%)	0.156s	59	1.27x
💻 Local	Express	0.972s (-1.1%)	1.057s (-3.5%)	0.085s	57	1.42x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	11.217s (+12.9% 🔺)	13.272s (+13.5% 🔺)	2.055s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.715s	2.028s	0.313s	45	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.011s	2.432s	0.421s	38	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.111s (-2.3%)	2.915s (-2.2%)	0.804s	31	1.23x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.120s (~)	3.012s (~)	0.891s	30	1.24x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.288s (-22.6% 🟢)	3.008s (-3.3%)	0.720s	30	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.637s	3.008s	0.371s	30	1.54x
💻 Local	Express	2.955s (-2.0%)	3.111s (-12.3% 🟢)	0.156s	29	1.72x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	32.191s (-3.2%)	33.894s (-3.6%)	1.703s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.453s	4.009s	0.556s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.055s	4.894s	0.840s	25	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Express	4.287s (+0.6%)	5.014s (+0.8%)	0.728s	24	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4.289s (-1.1%)	5.014s (~)	0.726s	24	1.24x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.312s (-19.0% 🟢)	8.015s (-15.4% 🟢)	0.703s	15	2.12x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.402s	9.017s	0.614s	14	2.43x
💻 Local	Express	9.027s (-1.4%)	9.478s (-3.2%)	0.452s	13	2.61x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	84.946s (-3.6%)	86.731s (-3.4%)	1.785s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.274s	1.009s	0.734s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.290s (-4.0%)	1.009s (~)	0.719s	60	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.293s (-0.6%)	1.009s (~)	0.716s	60	1.07x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.397s	1.004s	0.608s	60	1.45x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.532s	1.004s	0.472s	60	1.94x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.573s (-4.1%)	1.004s (~)	0.431s	60	2.09x
💻 Local	Express	0.578s (-4.2%)	1.004s (~)	0.426s	60	2.11x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.892s (-24.7% 🟢)	3.591s (-10.8% 🟢)	1.700s	17	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.531s (+0.7%)	1.009s (~)	0.478s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.536s (-0.5%)	1.010s (~)	0.474s	90	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.542s	1.010s	0.467s	90	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.200s	2.006s	0.806s	45	2.26x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.431s (-1.8%)	3.007s (~)	0.577s	30	4.58x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.454s	2.976s	0.522s	31	4.62x
💻 Local	Express	2.493s (-3.4%)	3.008s (~)	0.515s	30	4.69x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.012s (-2.2%)	4.820s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.808s	19	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.908s	1.075s	0.168s	112	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.917s (+2.1%)	1.106s (+6.3% 🔺)	0.190s	109	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.920s (-2.0%)	1.204s (+1.0%)	0.284s	100	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.810s	3.058s	0.248s	40	3.10x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.224s	10.857s	0.633s	12	11.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.340s (-7.0% 🟢)	11.023s (-5.5% 🟢)	0.683s	11	11.39x
💻 Local	Express	11.004s (-2.5%)	11.480s (-4.6%)	0.476s	11	12.13x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	7.710s (+6.0% 🔺)	9.300s (+3.9%)	1.590s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.139s (-29.2% 🟢)	1.003s (~)	0.009s (-20.3% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.876s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.172s	1.000s	0.002s	1.007s	0.835s	10	1.24x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.173s	1.001s	0.012s	1.017s	0.844s	10	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	0.199s (-2.6%)	1.003s (~)	0.011s (-5.9% 🟢)	1.017s (~)	0.818s	10	1.43x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.208s	1.001s	0.001s	1.012s	0.805s	10	1.49x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.208s (-12.9% 🟢)	0.997s (~)	0.001s (~)	1.013s (~)	0.804s	10	1.50x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.227s (+4.8%)	0.999s (~)	0.002s (+33.3% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.786s	10	1.63x

▲ Production (Vercel)

No data available

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.493s	1.001s	0.005s	1.013s	0.520s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.575s (-20.8% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.008s (-9.3% 🟢)	1.021s (~)	0.446s	59	1.17x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.657s	1.008s	0.010s	1.022s	0.365s	59	1.33x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.680s (-1.9%)	1.004s (~)	0.005s (+42.0% 🔺)	1.028s (~)	0.348s	59	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.697s (-3.6%)	1.004s (~)	0.010s (+168.5% 🔺)	1.033s (+0.7%)	0.337s	59	1.41x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.701s	1.010s	0.007s	1.032s	0.331s	59	1.42x
💻 Local	Express	0.722s (-7.0% 🟢)	1.009s (-1.7%)	0.010s (-1.9%)	1.022s (-1.8%)	0.300s	59	1.46x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.475s (+2.6%)	5.955s (+6.8% 🔺)	0.298s (+12.0% 🔺)	6.785s (+5.7% 🔺)	2.310s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.909s	1.016s	0.000s	1.021s	0.112s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.106s (+23.8% 🔺)	1.931s (+78.3% 🔺)	0.000s (+432.3% 🔺)	1.962s (+77.6% 🔺)	0.856s	31	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.112s	1.820s	0.000s	1.829s	0.718s	33	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.115s (+21.1% 🔺)	1.843s (+73.5% 🔺)	0.000s (-15.2% 🟢)	1.868s (+72.8% 🔺)	0.753s	33	1.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.171s (-4.4%)	2.017s (~)	0.000s (-23.1% 🟢)	2.021s (~)	0.850s	30	1.29x
💻 Local	Express	1.235s (-1.8%)	2.020s (~)	0.000s (-29.4% 🟢)	2.023s (~)	0.788s	30	1.36x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.236s	2.018s	0.000s	2.023s	0.787s	30	1.36x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.555s (+6.9% 🔺)	3.450s (+4.9%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	4.030s (+2.2%)	1.475s	16	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.601s	2.002s	0.000s	2.007s	0.405s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.020s (+6.8% 🔺)	2.393s (+7.8% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.425s (+8.2% 🔺)	0.405s	25	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.059s (+14.1% 🔺)	2.606s (+24.2% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.622s (+23.6% 🔺)	0.563s	23	1.29x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.259s	3.056s	0.000s	3.075s	0.816s	20	1.41x
💻 Local	Express	3.456s (~)	4.032s (-1.6%)	0.001s (~)	4.037s (-1.6%)	0.581s	15	2.16x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.541s (+6.4% 🔺)	4.096s (+3.2%)	0.001s (+92.0% 🔺)	4.101s (+3.2%)	0.559s	15	2.21x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.709s	4.297s	0.001s	4.303s	0.594s	15	2.32x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.203s (+27.9% 🔺)	5.175s (+13.3% 🔺)	0.000s (-63.6% 🟢)	5.713s (+11.1% 🔺)	1.510s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	18/21
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13/21
▲ Vercel	Express	20/20

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	15/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Redis	9/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	14/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

⚠️Community world benchmarks failed (non-blocking):

• Community Worlds: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	780	0	67	847
✅ 💻 Local Development	727	0	120	847
✅ 📦 Local Production	782	0	142	924
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	782	0	142	924
✅ 🪟 Windows	72	0	5	77
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	118	56	21	195
✅ 📋 Other	198	0	33	231
Total	3459	56	530	4045

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (56 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KM6V97RHNGXJ7J8RH88QVPJF
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V9FJJ8MERGZ04A84WCGEB
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KM6VG61F6M9H1JKAEG6GKH0N

redis (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KM6V97RHNGXJ7J8RH88QVPJF
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KM6VG61F6M9H1JKAEG6GKH0N

turso (51 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V7XGA8DDH4VSA29SE6351
• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V7XGA8DDH4VSA29SE6351
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KM6V9F5CW5NRKWQNDHF3SD3J
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V85N0JK1CSE50WS77G9Y2
• promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V8A5S7A4T02R77AFZ6ES6
• promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V8ES3XNHYSFCH322TXEGB
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V9TB724HY74HMEGAF895M
• hookWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V8TY2SYP3Z37W7MDSS5D5
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KM6V97RHNGXJ7J8RH88QVPJF
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V9FJJ8MERGZ04A84WCGEB
• sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V9P6WCHK7B58Y9HAM64N1
• parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KM6VA2WK396E9QSA5QQ65DEQ
• nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KM6VA69HWDXAT0K26ZBHV0BB
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KM6VA9DAEVGBM9RH9GS7SFNX
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KM6VCCZ6XEZJQ1PM0231HSCE
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KM6VCGGVKGHCQA8K0RPQ1H43
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KM6VFHAMN8Y4EQKM7S5G3AA1
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KM6VG61F6M9H1JKAEG6GKH0N
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KM6VGWAHYJ8PCR3Y5HJ8MGMD
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KM6VHH9K9NA9FWEHK7ZCNVJW
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KM6VHTE2NSVW4CM6CZPHX364
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KM6VJ0XT1YKEGXS9DH488Q8M
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KM6VJ35KM17TA061W8XTNKQE
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KM6VJKAZC1A8XJ567ZG2BNKF
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KM6VJS52G17THK17JENAP3AM
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KM6VK0W9E8DPC9N81MYXDWBE
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KM6VK987Q3XNG6BMNS3T5ZN0
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KM6VKG4F7YJKN6T8PM3WE1FM
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KM6VKQYH8VPK4SRHMCNGWFBD
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KM6VKYRS9YW9RK8K5FZ7KDK3
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KM6VMBC40NBMAHRFDZMVS5A2
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KM6VMKPKNV0XF22FE9Q535RX
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KM6VMVW6Q6BMYPNW616RE2CV
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KM6VN5BJGXMD6C7AQ15HNTJ7
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KM6VNJ3CV07SBFA19VKJ8H3F
• sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KM6VPAG3M6ZEJQPJ08TCCVCA
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KM6VPP850JM3A0AZC4852K6A

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	70	0	7
✅ example	70	0	7
✅ express	70	0	7
✅ fastify	70	0	7
✅ hono	70	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	75	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	75	0	2
✅ nitro	70	0	7
✅ nuxt	70	0	7
✅ sveltekit	70	0	7
✅ vite	70	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	66	0	11
✅ express-stable	66	0	11
✅ fastify-stable	66	0	11
✅ hono-stable	66	0	11
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	72	0	5
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	22
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	72	0	5
✅ nitro-stable	66	0	11
✅ nuxt-stable	66	0	11
✅ sveltekit-stable	66	0	11
✅ vite-stable	66	0	11

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	66	0	11
✅ express-stable	66	0	11
✅ fastify-stable	66	0	11
✅ hono-stable	66	0	11
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	22
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	72	0	5
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	22
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	72	0	5
✅ nitro-stable	66	0	11
✅ nuxt-stable	66	0	11
✅ sveltekit-stable	66	0	11
✅ vite-stable	66	0	11

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	66	0	11
✅ express-stable	66	0	11
✅ fastify-stable	66	0	11
✅ hono-stable	66	0	11
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	22
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	72	0	5
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	22
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	72	0	5
✅ nitro-stable	66	0	11
✅ nuxt-stable	66	0	11
✅ sveltekit-stable	66	0	11
✅ vite-stable	66	0	11

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	72	0	5

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	2
❌ mongodb	52	3	5
✅ redis-dev	3	0	2
❌ redis	53	2	5
✅ turso-dev	3	0	2
❌ turso	4	51	5

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	66	0	11
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	66	0	11
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	66	0	11

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: success
• Local Dev: failure
• Local Prod: success
• Local Postgres: success
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[VaguelySerious]

No description provided.

[changeset-bot]

⚠️ No Changeset found

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[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-nestjs-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.039s (-18.5% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.966s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.044s (-2.7%)	1.005s (~)	0.961s	10	1.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.050s	1.005s	0.955s	10	1.29x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.056s	1.006s	0.950s	10	1.44x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.061s (-11.8% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.951s	10	1.58x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.064s (-10.1% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.948s	10	1.65x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.067s	1.011s	0.944s	10	1.73x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.607s (+5.3% 🔺)	2.471s (-3.3%)	1.864s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.095s (-3.0%)	2.005s (~)	0.909s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.121s	2.006s	0.886s	10	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.125s	2.006s	0.882s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.132s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.873s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.143s	2.013s	0.870s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.154s (+1.0%)	2.014s (~)	0.860s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.163s (+2.1%)	2.013s (~)	0.850s	10	1.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.102s (-4.8%)	3.714s (-4.6%)	1.612s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	10.630s (-2.4%)	11.023s (~)	0.393s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.810s	11.023s	0.212s	3	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.825s	11.024s	0.199s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	10.917s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.105s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.936s (~)	11.041s (~)	0.105s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.945s (~)	11.048s (~)	0.103s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.945s	11.048s	0.103s	3	1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	17.998s (+3.6%)	19.229s (-0.7%)	1.231s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	14.223s (-4.6%)	15.028s (~)	0.806s	4	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.247s	15.029s	0.782s	4	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.618s	15.050s	0.432s	4	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.633s	15.030s	0.397s	4	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.709s (-0.8%)	15.044s (~)	0.335s	4	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	14.720s (+1.0%)	15.044s (~)	0.323s	4	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	14.904s (-0.6%)	15.028s (-3.2%)	0.124s	4	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	33.123s (-1.9%)	35.584s (~)	2.461s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	13.424s	14.027s	0.604s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.104s	14.900s	0.796s	7	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.257s (-0.8%)	15.039s (~)	0.782s	6	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	14.296s (+2.0%)	15.043s (+4.0%)	0.747s	6	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	14.780s (-10.2% 🟢)	15.027s (-11.8% 🟢)	0.247s	6	1.10x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	15.882s	16.195s	0.313s	6	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	16.472s (-1.3%)	17.030s (~)	0.558s	6	1.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	58.096s (+0.7%)	60.099s (+1.1%)	2.003s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.251s	2.011s	0.760s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.276s (+0.8%)	2.011s (~)	0.736s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.286s (-0.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.725s	15	1.03x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.318s	2.006s	0.689s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.479s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.527s	15	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	1.492s (-1.0%)	2.007s (~)	0.515s	15	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.525s	2.006s	0.481s	15	1.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.591s (-6.1% 🟢)	4.131s (-10.5% 🟢)	1.539s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.440s	3.012s	0.572s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.465s (~)	3.012s (~)	0.547s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.468s (~)	3.013s (~)	0.544s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.547s	3.008s	0.461s	10	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.651s (-7.7% 🟢)	3.007s (-3.2%)	0.356s	10	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.822s	3.342s	0.520s	9	1.16x
💻 Local	Express	3.000s (~)	3.341s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.342s	9	1.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.372s (+18.1% 🔺)	5.050s (+13.1% 🔺)	1.678s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.592s (~)	4.014s (~)	0.421s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.624s (~)	4.015s (~)	0.392s	8	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.752s	4.014s	0.263s	8	1.04x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.151s	5.011s	0.860s	6	1.16x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.052s (-13.2% 🟢)	7.414s (-15.5% 🟢)	0.363s	5	1.96x
💻 Local	Express	8.043s (-5.1% 🟢)	8.522s (-5.5% 🟢)	0.478s	4	2.24x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.046s	8.517s	0.471s	4	2.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.328s (+1.3%)	4.661s (~)	1.333s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.244s	2.011s	0.767s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.261s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.750s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.285s (+0.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.726s	15	1.03x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.301s	2.007s	0.706s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.472s (-5.6% 🟢)	2.005s (~)	0.533s	15	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	1.521s (-1.0%)	2.005s (~)	0.484s	15	1.22x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.537s	2.005s	0.468s	15	1.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.356s (+6.6% 🔺)	4.044s (+4.6%)	1.689s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.438s	3.012s	0.574s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.453s (~)	3.013s (~)	0.560s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.462s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.549s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.577s	3.008s	0.431s	10	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.715s (-10.3% 🟢)	3.108s (-15.4% 🟢)	0.393s	10	1.11x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.897s	3.210s	0.313s	10	1.19x
💻 Local	Express	2.974s (-1.9%)	3.452s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.478s	9	1.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.182s (+18.8% 🔺)	4.728s (+2.6%)	1.546s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.610s (~)	4.014s (~)	0.404s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.622s (~)	4.013s (~)	0.391s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.720s	4.015s	0.295s	8	1.03x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.184s	4.726s	0.542s	7	1.16x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.777s (-10.0% 🟢)	8.267s (-8.4% 🟢)	0.491s	4	2.15x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.273s	8.768s	0.495s	4	2.29x
💻 Local	Express	8.758s (-3.3%)	9.273s (-5.1% 🟢)	0.515s	4	2.43x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.045s (-0.7%)	4.316s (-5.0%)	1.271s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.685s	1.004s	0.319s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.693s (-27.5% 🟢)	1.004s (-1.7%)	0.311s	60	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.839s	1.021s	0.183s	59	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.845s	1.026s	0.182s	59	1.23x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.869s (~)	1.009s (-1.6%)	0.140s	60	1.27x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.870s (-3.1%)	1.026s (-1.7%)	0.156s	59	1.27x
💻 Local	Express	0.972s (-1.1%)	1.057s (-3.5%)	0.085s	57	1.42x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	11.217s (+12.9% 🔺)	13.272s (+13.5% 🔺)	2.055s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.715s	2.028s	0.313s	45	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.011s	2.432s	0.421s	38	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.111s (-2.3%)	2.915s (-2.2%)	0.804s	31	1.23x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.120s (~)	3.012s (~)	0.891s	30	1.24x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.288s (-22.6% 🟢)	3.008s (-3.3%)	0.720s	30	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.637s	3.008s	0.371s	30	1.54x
💻 Local	Express	2.955s (-2.0%)	3.111s (-12.3% 🟢)	0.156s	29	1.72x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	32.191s (-3.2%)	33.894s (-3.6%)	1.703s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.453s	4.009s	0.556s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.055s	4.894s	0.840s	25	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Express	4.287s (+0.6%)	5.014s (+0.8%)	0.728s	24	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4.289s (-1.1%)	5.014s (~)	0.726s	24	1.24x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.312s (-19.0% 🟢)	8.015s (-15.4% 🟢)	0.703s	15	2.12x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.402s	9.017s	0.614s	14	2.43x
💻 Local	Express	9.027s (-1.4%)	9.478s (-3.2%)	0.452s	13	2.61x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	84.946s (-3.6%)	86.731s (-3.4%)	1.785s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.274s	1.009s	0.734s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.290s (-4.0%)	1.009s (~)	0.719s	60	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.293s (-0.6%)	1.009s (~)	0.716s	60	1.07x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.397s	1.004s	0.608s	60	1.45x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.532s	1.004s	0.472s	60	1.94x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.573s (-4.1%)	1.004s (~)	0.431s	60	2.09x
💻 Local	Express	0.578s (-4.2%)	1.004s (~)	0.426s	60	2.11x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.892s (-24.7% 🟢)	3.591s (-10.8% 🟢)	1.700s	17	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.531s (+0.7%)	1.009s (~)	0.478s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.536s (-0.5%)	1.010s (~)	0.474s	90	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.542s	1.010s	0.467s	90	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.200s	2.006s	0.806s	45	2.26x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.431s (-1.8%)	3.007s (~)	0.577s	30	4.58x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.454s	2.976s	0.522s	31	4.62x
💻 Local	Express	2.493s (-3.4%)	3.008s (~)	0.515s	30	4.69x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.012s (-2.2%)	4.820s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.808s	19	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.908s	1.075s	0.168s	112	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.917s (+2.1%)	1.106s (+6.3% 🔺)	0.190s	109	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.920s (-2.0%)	1.204s (+1.0%)	0.284s	100	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.810s	3.058s	0.248s	40	3.10x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.224s	10.857s	0.633s	12	11.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.340s (-7.0% 🟢)	11.023s (-5.5% 🟢)	0.683s	11	11.39x
💻 Local	Express	11.004s (-2.5%)	11.480s (-4.6%)	0.476s	11	12.13x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	7.710s (+6.0% 🔺)	9.300s (+3.9%)	1.590s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.139s (-29.2% 🟢)	1.003s (~)	0.009s (-20.3% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.876s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.172s	1.000s	0.002s	1.007s	0.835s	10	1.24x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.173s	1.001s	0.012s	1.017s	0.844s	10	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	0.199s (-2.6%)	1.003s (~)	0.011s (-5.9% 🟢)	1.017s (~)	0.818s	10	1.43x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.208s	1.001s	0.001s	1.012s	0.805s	10	1.49x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.208s (-12.9% 🟢)	0.997s (~)	0.001s (~)	1.013s (~)	0.804s	10	1.50x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.227s (+4.8%)	0.999s (~)	0.002s (+33.3% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.786s	10	1.63x

▲ Production (Vercel)

No data available

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.493s	1.001s	0.005s	1.013s	0.520s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.575s (-20.8% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.008s (-9.3% 🟢)	1.021s (~)	0.446s	59	1.17x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.657s	1.008s	0.010s	1.022s	0.365s	59	1.33x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.680s (-1.9%)	1.004s (~)	0.005s (+42.0% 🔺)	1.028s (~)	0.348s	59	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.697s (-3.6%)	1.004s (~)	0.010s (+168.5% 🔺)	1.033s (+0.7%)	0.337s	59	1.41x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.701s	1.010s	0.007s	1.032s	0.331s	59	1.42x
💻 Local	Express	0.722s (-7.0% 🟢)	1.009s (-1.7%)	0.010s (-1.9%)	1.022s (-1.8%)	0.300s	59	1.46x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.475s (+2.6%)	5.955s (+6.8% 🔺)	0.298s (+12.0% 🔺)	6.785s (+5.7% 🔺)	2.310s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.909s	1.016s	0.000s	1.021s	0.112s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.106s (+23.8% 🔺)	1.931s (+78.3% 🔺)	0.000s (+432.3% 🔺)	1.962s (+77.6% 🔺)	0.856s	31	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.112s	1.820s	0.000s	1.829s	0.718s	33	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.115s (+21.1% 🔺)	1.843s (+73.5% 🔺)	0.000s (-15.2% 🟢)	1.868s (+72.8% 🔺)	0.753s	33	1.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.171s (-4.4%)	2.017s (~)	0.000s (-23.1% 🟢)	2.021s (~)	0.850s	30	1.29x
💻 Local	Express	1.235s (-1.8%)	2.020s (~)	0.000s (-29.4% 🟢)	2.023s (~)	0.788s	30	1.36x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.236s	2.018s	0.000s	2.023s	0.787s	30	1.36x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.555s (+6.9% 🔺)	3.450s (+4.9%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	4.030s (+2.2%)	1.475s	16	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.601s	2.002s	0.000s	2.007s	0.405s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.020s (+6.8% 🔺)	2.393s (+7.8% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.425s (+8.2% 🔺)	0.405s	25	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.059s (+14.1% 🔺)	2.606s (+24.2% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.622s (+23.6% 🔺)	0.563s	23	1.29x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.259s	3.056s	0.000s	3.075s	0.816s	20	1.41x
💻 Local	Express	3.456s (~)	4.032s (-1.6%)	0.001s (~)	4.037s (-1.6%)	0.581s	15	2.16x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.541s (+6.4% 🔺)	4.096s (+3.2%)	0.001s (+92.0% 🔺)	4.101s (+3.2%)	0.559s	15	2.21x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.709s	4.297s	0.001s	4.303s	0.594s	15	2.32x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.203s (+27.9% 🔺)	5.175s (+13.3% 🔺)	0.000s (-63.6% 🟢)	5.713s (+11.1% 🔺)	1.510s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	18/21
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13/21
▲ Vercel	Express	20/20

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	15/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Redis	9/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	14/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

⚠️Community world benchmarks failed (non-blocking):

• Community Worlds: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	780	0	67	847
✅ 💻 Local Development	727	0	120	847
✅ 📦 Local Production	782	0	142	924
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	782	0	142	924
✅ 🪟 Windows	72	0	5	77
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	118	56	21	195
✅ 📋 Other	198	0	33	231
Total	3459	56	530	4045

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (56 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KM6V97RHNGXJ7J8RH88QVPJF
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V9FJJ8MERGZ04A84WCGEB
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KM6VG61F6M9H1JKAEG6GKH0N

redis (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KM6V97RHNGXJ7J8RH88QVPJF
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KM6VG61F6M9H1JKAEG6GKH0N

turso (51 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V7XGA8DDH4VSA29SE6351
• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V7XGA8DDH4VSA29SE6351
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KM6V9F5CW5NRKWQNDHF3SD3J
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V85N0JK1CSE50WS77G9Y2
• promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V8A5S7A4T02R77AFZ6ES6
• promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V8ES3XNHYSFCH322TXEGB
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V9TB724HY74HMEGAF895M
• hookWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V8TY2SYP3Z37W7MDSS5D5
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KM6V97RHNGXJ7J8RH88QVPJF
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V9FJJ8MERGZ04A84WCGEB
• sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V9P6WCHK7B58Y9HAM64N1
• parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KM6VA2WK396E9QSA5QQ65DEQ
• nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KM6VA69HWDXAT0K26ZBHV0BB
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KM6VA9DAEVGBM9RH9GS7SFNX
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KM6VCCZ6XEZJQ1PM0231HSCE
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KM6VCGGVKGHCQA8K0RPQ1H43
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KM6VFHAMN8Y4EQKM7S5G3AA1
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KM6VG61F6M9H1JKAEG6GKH0N
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KM6VGWAHYJ8PCR3Y5HJ8MGMD
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KM6VHH9K9NA9FWEHK7ZCNVJW
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KM6VHTE2NSVW4CM6CZPHX364
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KM6VJ0XT1YKEGXS9DH488Q8M
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KM6VJ35KM17TA061W8XTNKQE
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KM6VJKAZC1A8XJ567ZG2BNKF
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KM6VJS52G17THK17JENAP3AM
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KM6VK0W9E8DPC9N81MYXDWBE
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KM6VK987Q3XNG6BMNS3T5ZN0
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KM6VKG4F7YJKN6T8PM3WE1FM
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KM6VKQYH8VPK4SRHMCNGWFBD
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KM6VKYRS9YW9RK8K5FZ7KDK3
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KM6VMBC40NBMAHRFDZMVS5A2
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KM6VMKPKNV0XF22FE9Q535RX
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KM6VMVW6Q6BMYPNW616RE2CV
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KM6VN5BJGXMD6C7AQ15HNTJ7
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KM6VNJ3CV07SBFA19VKJ8H3F
• sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KM6VPAG3M6ZEJQPJ08TCCVCA
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KM6VPP850JM3A0AZC4852K6A

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	70	0	7
✅ example	70	0	7
✅ express	70	0	7
✅ fastify	70	0	7
✅ hono	70	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	75	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	75	0	2
✅ nitro	70	0	7
✅ nuxt	70	0	7
✅ sveltekit	70	0	7
✅ vite	70	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	66	0	11
✅ express-stable	66	0	11
✅ fastify-stable	66	0	11
✅ hono-stable	66	0	11
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	72	0	5
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	22
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	72	0	5
✅ nitro-stable	66	0	11
✅ nuxt-stable	66	0	11
✅ sveltekit-stable	66	0	11
✅ vite-stable	66	0	11

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	66	0	11
✅ express-stable	66	0	11
✅ fastify-stable	66	0	11
✅ hono-stable	66	0	11
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	22
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	72	0	5
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	22
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	72	0	5
✅ nitro-stable	66	0	11
✅ nuxt-stable	66	0	11
✅ sveltekit-stable	66	0	11
✅ vite-stable	66	0	11

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	66	0	11
✅ express-stable	66	0	11
✅ fastify-stable	66	0	11
✅ hono-stable	66	0	11
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	22
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	72	0	5
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	22
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	72	0	5
✅ nitro-stable	66	0	11
✅ nuxt-stable	66	0	11
✅ sveltekit-stable	66	0	11
✅ vite-stable	66	0	11

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	72	0	5

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	2
❌ mongodb	52	3	5
✅ redis-dev	3	0	2
❌ redis	53	2	5
✅ turso-dev	3	0	2
❌ turso	4	51	5

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	66	0	11
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	66	0	11
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	66	0	11

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: success
• Local Dev: failure
• Local Prod: success
• Local Postgres: success
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[VaguelySerious]

No description provided.

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[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-nestjs-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.039s (-18.5% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.966s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.044s (-2.7%)	1.005s (~)	0.961s	10	1.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.050s	1.005s	0.955s	10	1.29x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.056s	1.006s	0.950s	10	1.44x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.061s (-11.8% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.951s	10	1.58x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.064s (-10.1% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.948s	10	1.65x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.067s	1.011s	0.944s	10	1.73x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.607s (+5.3% 🔺)	2.471s (-3.3%)	1.864s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.095s (-3.0%)	2.005s (~)	0.909s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.121s	2.006s	0.886s	10	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.125s	2.006s	0.882s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.132s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.873s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.143s	2.013s	0.870s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.154s (+1.0%)	2.014s (~)	0.860s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.163s (+2.1%)	2.013s (~)	0.850s	10	1.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.102s (-4.8%)	3.714s (-4.6%)	1.612s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	10.630s (-2.4%)	11.023s (~)	0.393s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.810s	11.023s	0.212s	3	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.825s	11.024s	0.199s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	10.917s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.105s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.936s (~)	11.041s (~)	0.105s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.945s (~)	11.048s (~)	0.103s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.945s	11.048s	0.103s	3	1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	17.998s (+3.6%)	19.229s (-0.7%)	1.231s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	14.223s (-4.6%)	15.028s (~)	0.806s	4	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.247s	15.029s	0.782s	4	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.618s	15.050s	0.432s	4	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.633s	15.030s	0.397s	4	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.709s (-0.8%)	15.044s (~)	0.335s	4	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	14.720s (+1.0%)	15.044s (~)	0.323s	4	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	14.904s (-0.6%)	15.028s (-3.2%)	0.124s	4	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	33.123s (-1.9%)	35.584s (~)	2.461s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	13.424s	14.027s	0.604s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.104s	14.900s	0.796s	7	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.257s (-0.8%)	15.039s (~)	0.782s	6	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	14.296s (+2.0%)	15.043s (+4.0%)	0.747s	6	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	14.780s (-10.2% 🟢)	15.027s (-11.8% 🟢)	0.247s	6	1.10x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	15.882s	16.195s	0.313s	6	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	16.472s (-1.3%)	17.030s (~)	0.558s	6	1.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	58.096s (+0.7%)	60.099s (+1.1%)	2.003s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.251s	2.011s	0.760s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.276s (+0.8%)	2.011s (~)	0.736s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.286s (-0.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.725s	15	1.03x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.318s	2.006s	0.689s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.479s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.527s	15	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	1.492s (-1.0%)	2.007s (~)	0.515s	15	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.525s	2.006s	0.481s	15	1.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.591s (-6.1% 🟢)	4.131s (-10.5% 🟢)	1.539s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.440s	3.012s	0.572s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.465s (~)	3.012s (~)	0.547s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.468s (~)	3.013s (~)	0.544s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.547s	3.008s	0.461s	10	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.651s (-7.7% 🟢)	3.007s (-3.2%)	0.356s	10	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.822s	3.342s	0.520s	9	1.16x
💻 Local	Express	3.000s (~)	3.341s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.342s	9	1.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.372s (+18.1% 🔺)	5.050s (+13.1% 🔺)	1.678s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.592s (~)	4.014s (~)	0.421s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.624s (~)	4.015s (~)	0.392s	8	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.752s	4.014s	0.263s	8	1.04x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.151s	5.011s	0.860s	6	1.16x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.052s (-13.2% 🟢)	7.414s (-15.5% 🟢)	0.363s	5	1.96x
💻 Local	Express	8.043s (-5.1% 🟢)	8.522s (-5.5% 🟢)	0.478s	4	2.24x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.046s	8.517s	0.471s	4	2.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.328s (+1.3%)	4.661s (~)	1.333s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.244s	2.011s	0.767s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.261s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.750s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.285s (+0.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.726s	15	1.03x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.301s	2.007s	0.706s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.472s (-5.6% 🟢)	2.005s (~)	0.533s	15	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	1.521s (-1.0%)	2.005s (~)	0.484s	15	1.22x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.537s	2.005s	0.468s	15	1.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.356s (+6.6% 🔺)	4.044s (+4.6%)	1.689s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.438s	3.012s	0.574s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.453s (~)	3.013s (~)	0.560s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.462s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.549s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.577s	3.008s	0.431s	10	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.715s (-10.3% 🟢)	3.108s (-15.4% 🟢)	0.393s	10	1.11x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.897s	3.210s	0.313s	10	1.19x
💻 Local	Express	2.974s (-1.9%)	3.452s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.478s	9	1.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.182s (+18.8% 🔺)	4.728s (+2.6%)	1.546s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.610s (~)	4.014s (~)	0.404s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.622s (~)	4.013s (~)	0.391s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.720s	4.015s	0.295s	8	1.03x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.184s	4.726s	0.542s	7	1.16x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.777s (-10.0% 🟢)	8.267s (-8.4% 🟢)	0.491s	4	2.15x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.273s	8.768s	0.495s	4	2.29x
💻 Local	Express	8.758s (-3.3%)	9.273s (-5.1% 🟢)	0.515s	4	2.43x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.045s (-0.7%)	4.316s (-5.0%)	1.271s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.685s	1.004s	0.319s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.693s (-27.5% 🟢)	1.004s (-1.7%)	0.311s	60	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.839s	1.021s	0.183s	59	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.845s	1.026s	0.182s	59	1.23x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.869s (~)	1.009s (-1.6%)	0.140s	60	1.27x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.870s (-3.1%)	1.026s (-1.7%)	0.156s	59	1.27x
💻 Local	Express	0.972s (-1.1%)	1.057s (-3.5%)	0.085s	57	1.42x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	11.217s (+12.9% 🔺)	13.272s (+13.5% 🔺)	2.055s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.715s	2.028s	0.313s	45	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.011s	2.432s	0.421s	38	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.111s (-2.3%)	2.915s (-2.2%)	0.804s	31	1.23x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.120s (~)	3.012s (~)	0.891s	30	1.24x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.288s (-22.6% 🟢)	3.008s (-3.3%)	0.720s	30	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.637s	3.008s	0.371s	30	1.54x
💻 Local	Express	2.955s (-2.0%)	3.111s (-12.3% 🟢)	0.156s	29	1.72x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	32.191s (-3.2%)	33.894s (-3.6%)	1.703s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.453s	4.009s	0.556s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.055s	4.894s	0.840s	25	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Express	4.287s (+0.6%)	5.014s (+0.8%)	0.728s	24	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4.289s (-1.1%)	5.014s (~)	0.726s	24	1.24x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.312s (-19.0% 🟢)	8.015s (-15.4% 🟢)	0.703s	15	2.12x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.402s	9.017s	0.614s	14	2.43x
💻 Local	Express	9.027s (-1.4%)	9.478s (-3.2%)	0.452s	13	2.61x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	84.946s (-3.6%)	86.731s (-3.4%)	1.785s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.274s	1.009s	0.734s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.290s (-4.0%)	1.009s (~)	0.719s	60	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.293s (-0.6%)	1.009s (~)	0.716s	60	1.07x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.397s	1.004s	0.608s	60	1.45x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.532s	1.004s	0.472s	60	1.94x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.573s (-4.1%)	1.004s (~)	0.431s	60	2.09x
💻 Local	Express	0.578s (-4.2%)	1.004s (~)	0.426s	60	2.11x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.892s (-24.7% 🟢)	3.591s (-10.8% 🟢)	1.700s	17	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.531s (+0.7%)	1.009s (~)	0.478s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.536s (-0.5%)	1.010s (~)	0.474s	90	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.542s	1.010s	0.467s	90	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.200s	2.006s	0.806s	45	2.26x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.431s (-1.8%)	3.007s (~)	0.577s	30	4.58x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.454s	2.976s	0.522s	31	4.62x
💻 Local	Express	2.493s (-3.4%)	3.008s (~)	0.515s	30	4.69x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.012s (-2.2%)	4.820s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.808s	19	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.908s	1.075s	0.168s	112	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.917s (+2.1%)	1.106s (+6.3% 🔺)	0.190s	109	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.920s (-2.0%)	1.204s (+1.0%)	0.284s	100	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.810s	3.058s	0.248s	40	3.10x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.224s	10.857s	0.633s	12	11.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.340s (-7.0% 🟢)	11.023s (-5.5% 🟢)	0.683s	11	11.39x
💻 Local	Express	11.004s (-2.5%)	11.480s (-4.6%)	0.476s	11	12.13x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	7.710s (+6.0% 🔺)	9.300s (+3.9%)	1.590s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.139s (-29.2% 🟢)	1.003s (~)	0.009s (-20.3% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.876s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.172s	1.000s	0.002s	1.007s	0.835s	10	1.24x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.173s	1.001s	0.012s	1.017s	0.844s	10	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	0.199s (-2.6%)	1.003s (~)	0.011s (-5.9% 🟢)	1.017s (~)	0.818s	10	1.43x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.208s	1.001s	0.001s	1.012s	0.805s	10	1.49x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.208s (-12.9% 🟢)	0.997s (~)	0.001s (~)	1.013s (~)	0.804s	10	1.50x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.227s (+4.8%)	0.999s (~)	0.002s (+33.3% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.786s	10	1.63x

▲ Production (Vercel)

No data available

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.493s	1.001s	0.005s	1.013s	0.520s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.575s (-20.8% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.008s (-9.3% 🟢)	1.021s (~)	0.446s	59	1.17x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.657s	1.008s	0.010s	1.022s	0.365s	59	1.33x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.680s (-1.9%)	1.004s (~)	0.005s (+42.0% 🔺)	1.028s (~)	0.348s	59	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.697s (-3.6%)	1.004s (~)	0.010s (+168.5% 🔺)	1.033s (+0.7%)	0.337s	59	1.41x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.701s	1.010s	0.007s	1.032s	0.331s	59	1.42x
💻 Local	Express	0.722s (-7.0% 🟢)	1.009s (-1.7%)	0.010s (-1.9%)	1.022s (-1.8%)	0.300s	59	1.46x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.475s (+2.6%)	5.955s (+6.8% 🔺)	0.298s (+12.0% 🔺)	6.785s (+5.7% 🔺)	2.310s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.909s	1.016s	0.000s	1.021s	0.112s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.106s (+23.8% 🔺)	1.931s (+78.3% 🔺)	0.000s (+432.3% 🔺)	1.962s (+77.6% 🔺)	0.856s	31	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.112s	1.820s	0.000s	1.829s	0.718s	33	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.115s (+21.1% 🔺)	1.843s (+73.5% 🔺)	0.000s (-15.2% 🟢)	1.868s (+72.8% 🔺)	0.753s	33	1.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.171s (-4.4%)	2.017s (~)	0.000s (-23.1% 🟢)	2.021s (~)	0.850s	30	1.29x
💻 Local	Express	1.235s (-1.8%)	2.020s (~)	0.000s (-29.4% 🟢)	2.023s (~)	0.788s	30	1.36x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.236s	2.018s	0.000s	2.023s	0.787s	30	1.36x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.555s (+6.9% 🔺)	3.450s (+4.9%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	4.030s (+2.2%)	1.475s	16	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.601s	2.002s	0.000s	2.007s	0.405s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.020s (+6.8% 🔺)	2.393s (+7.8% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.425s (+8.2% 🔺)	0.405s	25	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.059s (+14.1% 🔺)	2.606s (+24.2% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.622s (+23.6% 🔺)	0.563s	23	1.29x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.259s	3.056s	0.000s	3.075s	0.816s	20	1.41x
💻 Local	Express	3.456s (~)	4.032s (-1.6%)	0.001s (~)	4.037s (-1.6%)	0.581s	15	2.16x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.541s (+6.4% 🔺)	4.096s (+3.2%)	0.001s (+92.0% 🔺)	4.101s (+3.2%)	0.559s	15	2.21x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.709s	4.297s	0.001s	4.303s	0.594s	15	2.32x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.203s (+27.9% 🔺)	5.175s (+13.3% 🔺)	0.000s (-63.6% 🟢)	5.713s (+11.1% 🔺)	1.510s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	18/21
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13/21
▲ Vercel	Express	20/20

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	15/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Redis	9/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	14/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

⚠️Community world benchmarks failed (non-blocking):

• Community Worlds: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	780	0	67	847
✅ 💻 Local Development	727	0	120	847
✅ 📦 Local Production	782	0	142	924
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	782	0	142	924
✅ 🪟 Windows	72	0	5	77
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	118	56	21	195
✅ 📋 Other	198	0	33	231
Total	3459	56	530	4045

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (56 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KM6V97RHNGXJ7J8RH88QVPJF
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V9FJJ8MERGZ04A84WCGEB
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KM6VG61F6M9H1JKAEG6GKH0N

redis (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KM6V97RHNGXJ7J8RH88QVPJF
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KM6VG61F6M9H1JKAEG6GKH0N

turso (51 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V7XGA8DDH4VSA29SE6351
• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V7XGA8DDH4VSA29SE6351
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KM6V9F5CW5NRKWQNDHF3SD3J
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V85N0JK1CSE50WS77G9Y2
• promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V8A5S7A4T02R77AFZ6ES6
• promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V8ES3XNHYSFCH322TXEGB
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V9TB724HY74HMEGAF895M
• hookWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V8TY2SYP3Z37W7MDSS5D5
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KM6V97RHNGXJ7J8RH88QVPJF
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V9FJJ8MERGZ04A84WCGEB
• sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V9P6WCHK7B58Y9HAM64N1
• parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KM6VA2WK396E9QSA5QQ65DEQ
• nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KM6VA69HWDXAT0K26ZBHV0BB
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KM6VA9DAEVGBM9RH9GS7SFNX
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KM6VCCZ6XEZJQ1PM0231HSCE
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KM6VCGGVKGHCQA8K0RPQ1H43
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KM6VFHAMN8Y4EQKM7S5G3AA1
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KM6VG61F6M9H1JKAEG6GKH0N
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KM6VGWAHYJ8PCR3Y5HJ8MGMD
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KM6VHH9K9NA9FWEHK7ZCNVJW
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KM6VHTE2NSVW4CM6CZPHX364
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KM6VJ0XT1YKEGXS9DH488Q8M
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KM6VJ35KM17TA061W8XTNKQE
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KM6VJKAZC1A8XJ567ZG2BNKF
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KM6VJS52G17THK17JENAP3AM
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KM6VK0W9E8DPC9N81MYXDWBE
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KM6VK987Q3XNG6BMNS3T5ZN0
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KM6VKG4F7YJKN6T8PM3WE1FM
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KM6VKQYH8VPK4SRHMCNGWFBD
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KM6VKYRS9YW9RK8K5FZ7KDK3
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KM6VMBC40NBMAHRFDZMVS5A2
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KM6VMKPKNV0XF22FE9Q535RX
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KM6VMVW6Q6BMYPNW616RE2CV
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KM6VN5BJGXMD6C7AQ15HNTJ7
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KM6VNJ3CV07SBFA19VKJ8H3F
• sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KM6VPAG3M6ZEJQPJ08TCCVCA
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KM6VPP850JM3A0AZC4852K6A

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	70	0	7
✅ example	70	0	7
✅ express	70	0	7
✅ fastify	70	0	7
✅ hono	70	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	75	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	75	0	2
✅ nitro	70	0	7
✅ nuxt	70	0	7
✅ sveltekit	70	0	7
✅ vite	70	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	66	0	11
✅ express-stable	66	0	11
✅ fastify-stable	66	0	11
✅ hono-stable	66	0	11
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	72	0	5
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	22
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	72	0	5
✅ nitro-stable	66	0	11
✅ nuxt-stable	66	0	11
✅ sveltekit-stable	66	0	11
✅ vite-stable	66	0	11

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	66	0	11
✅ express-stable	66	0	11
✅ fastify-stable	66	0	11
✅ hono-stable	66	0	11
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	22
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	72	0	5
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	22
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	72	0	5
✅ nitro-stable	66	0	11
✅ nuxt-stable	66	0	11
✅ sveltekit-stable	66	0	11
✅ vite-stable	66	0	11

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	66	0	11
✅ express-stable	66	0	11
✅ fastify-stable	66	0	11
✅ hono-stable	66	0	11
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	22
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	72	0	5
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	22
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	72	0	5
✅ nitro-stable	66	0	11
✅ nuxt-stable	66	0	11
✅ sveltekit-stable	66	0	11
✅ vite-stable	66	0	11

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	72	0	5

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	2
❌ mongodb	52	3	5
✅ redis-dev	3	0	2
❌ redis	53	2	5
✅ turso-dev	3	0	2
❌ turso	4	51	5

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	66	0	11
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	66	0	11
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	66	0	11

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: success
• Local Dev: failure
• Local Prod: success
• Local Postgres: success
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[VaguelySerious]

No description provided.

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[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-nestjs-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.039s (-18.5% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.966s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.044s (-2.7%)	1.005s (~)	0.961s	10	1.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.050s	1.005s	0.955s	10	1.29x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.056s	1.006s	0.950s	10	1.44x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.061s (-11.8% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.951s	10	1.58x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.064s (-10.1% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.948s	10	1.65x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.067s	1.011s	0.944s	10	1.73x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.607s (+5.3% 🔺)	2.471s (-3.3%)	1.864s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.095s (-3.0%)	2.005s (~)	0.909s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.121s	2.006s	0.886s	10	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.125s	2.006s	0.882s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.132s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.873s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.143s	2.013s	0.870s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.154s (+1.0%)	2.014s (~)	0.860s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.163s (+2.1%)	2.013s (~)	0.850s	10	1.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.102s (-4.8%)	3.714s (-4.6%)	1.612s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	10.630s (-2.4%)	11.023s (~)	0.393s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.810s	11.023s	0.212s	3	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.825s	11.024s	0.199s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	10.917s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.105s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.936s (~)	11.041s (~)	0.105s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.945s (~)	11.048s (~)	0.103s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.945s	11.048s	0.103s	3	1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	17.998s (+3.6%)	19.229s (-0.7%)	1.231s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	14.223s (-4.6%)	15.028s (~)	0.806s	4	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.247s	15.029s	0.782s	4	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.618s	15.050s	0.432s	4	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.633s	15.030s	0.397s	4	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.709s (-0.8%)	15.044s (~)	0.335s	4	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	14.720s (+1.0%)	15.044s (~)	0.323s	4	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	14.904s (-0.6%)	15.028s (-3.2%)	0.124s	4	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	33.123s (-1.9%)	35.584s (~)	2.461s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	13.424s	14.027s	0.604s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.104s	14.900s	0.796s	7	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.257s (-0.8%)	15.039s (~)	0.782s	6	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	14.296s (+2.0%)	15.043s (+4.0%)	0.747s	6	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	14.780s (-10.2% 🟢)	15.027s (-11.8% 🟢)	0.247s	6	1.10x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	15.882s	16.195s	0.313s	6	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	16.472s (-1.3%)	17.030s (~)	0.558s	6	1.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	58.096s (+0.7%)	60.099s (+1.1%)	2.003s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.251s	2.011s	0.760s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.276s (+0.8%)	2.011s (~)	0.736s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.286s (-0.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.725s	15	1.03x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.318s	2.006s	0.689s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.479s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.527s	15	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	1.492s (-1.0%)	2.007s (~)	0.515s	15	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.525s	2.006s	0.481s	15	1.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.591s (-6.1% 🟢)	4.131s (-10.5% 🟢)	1.539s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.440s	3.012s	0.572s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.465s (~)	3.012s (~)	0.547s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.468s (~)	3.013s (~)	0.544s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.547s	3.008s	0.461s	10	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.651s (-7.7% 🟢)	3.007s (-3.2%)	0.356s	10	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.822s	3.342s	0.520s	9	1.16x
💻 Local	Express	3.000s (~)	3.341s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.342s	9	1.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.372s (+18.1% 🔺)	5.050s (+13.1% 🔺)	1.678s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.592s (~)	4.014s (~)	0.421s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.624s (~)	4.015s (~)	0.392s	8	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.752s	4.014s	0.263s	8	1.04x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.151s	5.011s	0.860s	6	1.16x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.052s (-13.2% 🟢)	7.414s (-15.5% 🟢)	0.363s	5	1.96x
💻 Local	Express	8.043s (-5.1% 🟢)	8.522s (-5.5% 🟢)	0.478s	4	2.24x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.046s	8.517s	0.471s	4	2.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.328s (+1.3%)	4.661s (~)	1.333s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.244s	2.011s	0.767s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.261s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.750s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.285s (+0.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.726s	15	1.03x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.301s	2.007s	0.706s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.472s (-5.6% 🟢)	2.005s (~)	0.533s	15	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	1.521s (-1.0%)	2.005s (~)	0.484s	15	1.22x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.537s	2.005s	0.468s	15	1.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.356s (+6.6% 🔺)	4.044s (+4.6%)	1.689s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.438s	3.012s	0.574s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.453s (~)	3.013s (~)	0.560s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.462s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.549s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.577s	3.008s	0.431s	10	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.715s (-10.3% 🟢)	3.108s (-15.4% 🟢)	0.393s	10	1.11x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.897s	3.210s	0.313s	10	1.19x
💻 Local	Express	2.974s (-1.9%)	3.452s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.478s	9	1.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.182s (+18.8% 🔺)	4.728s (+2.6%)	1.546s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.610s (~)	4.014s (~)	0.404s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.622s (~)	4.013s (~)	0.391s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.720s	4.015s	0.295s	8	1.03x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.184s	4.726s	0.542s	7	1.16x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.777s (-10.0% 🟢)	8.267s (-8.4% 🟢)	0.491s	4	2.15x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.273s	8.768s	0.495s	4	2.29x
💻 Local	Express	8.758s (-3.3%)	9.273s (-5.1% 🟢)	0.515s	4	2.43x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.045s (-0.7%)	4.316s (-5.0%)	1.271s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.685s	1.004s	0.319s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.693s (-27.5% 🟢)	1.004s (-1.7%)	0.311s	60	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.839s	1.021s	0.183s	59	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.845s	1.026s	0.182s	59	1.23x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.869s (~)	1.009s (-1.6%)	0.140s	60	1.27x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.870s (-3.1%)	1.026s (-1.7%)	0.156s	59	1.27x
💻 Local	Express	0.972s (-1.1%)	1.057s (-3.5%)	0.085s	57	1.42x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	11.217s (+12.9% 🔺)	13.272s (+13.5% 🔺)	2.055s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.715s	2.028s	0.313s	45	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.011s	2.432s	0.421s	38	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.111s (-2.3%)	2.915s (-2.2%)	0.804s	31	1.23x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.120s (~)	3.012s (~)	0.891s	30	1.24x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.288s (-22.6% 🟢)	3.008s (-3.3%)	0.720s	30	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.637s	3.008s	0.371s	30	1.54x
💻 Local	Express	2.955s (-2.0%)	3.111s (-12.3% 🟢)	0.156s	29	1.72x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	32.191s (-3.2%)	33.894s (-3.6%)	1.703s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.453s	4.009s	0.556s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.055s	4.894s	0.840s	25	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Express	4.287s (+0.6%)	5.014s (+0.8%)	0.728s	24	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4.289s (-1.1%)	5.014s (~)	0.726s	24	1.24x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.312s (-19.0% 🟢)	8.015s (-15.4% 🟢)	0.703s	15	2.12x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.402s	9.017s	0.614s	14	2.43x
💻 Local	Express	9.027s (-1.4%)	9.478s (-3.2%)	0.452s	13	2.61x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	84.946s (-3.6%)	86.731s (-3.4%)	1.785s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.274s	1.009s	0.734s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.290s (-4.0%)	1.009s (~)	0.719s	60	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.293s (-0.6%)	1.009s (~)	0.716s	60	1.07x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.397s	1.004s	0.608s	60	1.45x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.532s	1.004s	0.472s	60	1.94x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.573s (-4.1%)	1.004s (~)	0.431s	60	2.09x
💻 Local	Express	0.578s (-4.2%)	1.004s (~)	0.426s	60	2.11x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.892s (-24.7% 🟢)	3.591s (-10.8% 🟢)	1.700s	17	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.531s (+0.7%)	1.009s (~)	0.478s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.536s (-0.5%)	1.010s (~)	0.474s	90	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.542s	1.010s	0.467s	90	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.200s	2.006s	0.806s	45	2.26x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.431s (-1.8%)	3.007s (~)	0.577s	30	4.58x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.454s	2.976s	0.522s	31	4.62x
💻 Local	Express	2.493s (-3.4%)	3.008s (~)	0.515s	30	4.69x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.012s (-2.2%)	4.820s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.808s	19	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.908s	1.075s	0.168s	112	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.917s (+2.1%)	1.106s (+6.3% 🔺)	0.190s	109	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.920s (-2.0%)	1.204s (+1.0%)	0.284s	100	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.810s	3.058s	0.248s	40	3.10x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.224s	10.857s	0.633s	12	11.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.340s (-7.0% 🟢)	11.023s (-5.5% 🟢)	0.683s	11	11.39x
💻 Local	Express	11.004s (-2.5%)	11.480s (-4.6%)	0.476s	11	12.13x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	7.710s (+6.0% 🔺)	9.300s (+3.9%)	1.590s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.139s (-29.2% 🟢)	1.003s (~)	0.009s (-20.3% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.876s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.172s	1.000s	0.002s	1.007s	0.835s	10	1.24x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.173s	1.001s	0.012s	1.017s	0.844s	10	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	0.199s (-2.6%)	1.003s (~)	0.011s (-5.9% 🟢)	1.017s (~)	0.818s	10	1.43x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.208s	1.001s	0.001s	1.012s	0.805s	10	1.49x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.208s (-12.9% 🟢)	0.997s (~)	0.001s (~)	1.013s (~)	0.804s	10	1.50x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.227s (+4.8%)	0.999s (~)	0.002s (+33.3% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.786s	10	1.63x

▲ Production (Vercel)

No data available

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.493s	1.001s	0.005s	1.013s	0.520s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.575s (-20.8% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.008s (-9.3% 🟢)	1.021s (~)	0.446s	59	1.17x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.657s	1.008s	0.010s	1.022s	0.365s	59	1.33x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.680s (-1.9%)	1.004s (~)	0.005s (+42.0% 🔺)	1.028s (~)	0.348s	59	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.697s (-3.6%)	1.004s (~)	0.010s (+168.5% 🔺)	1.033s (+0.7%)	0.337s	59	1.41x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.701s	1.010s	0.007s	1.032s	0.331s	59	1.42x
💻 Local	Express	0.722s (-7.0% 🟢)	1.009s (-1.7%)	0.010s (-1.9%)	1.022s (-1.8%)	0.300s	59	1.46x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.475s (+2.6%)	5.955s (+6.8% 🔺)	0.298s (+12.0% 🔺)	6.785s (+5.7% 🔺)	2.310s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.909s	1.016s	0.000s	1.021s	0.112s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.106s (+23.8% 🔺)	1.931s (+78.3% 🔺)	0.000s (+432.3% 🔺)	1.962s (+77.6% 🔺)	0.856s	31	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.112s	1.820s	0.000s	1.829s	0.718s	33	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.115s (+21.1% 🔺)	1.843s (+73.5% 🔺)	0.000s (-15.2% 🟢)	1.868s (+72.8% 🔺)	0.753s	33	1.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.171s (-4.4%)	2.017s (~)	0.000s (-23.1% 🟢)	2.021s (~)	0.850s	30	1.29x
💻 Local	Express	1.235s (-1.8%)	2.020s (~)	0.000s (-29.4% 🟢)	2.023s (~)	0.788s	30	1.36x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.236s	2.018s	0.000s	2.023s	0.787s	30	1.36x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.555s (+6.9% 🔺)	3.450s (+4.9%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	4.030s (+2.2%)	1.475s	16	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.601s	2.002s	0.000s	2.007s	0.405s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.020s (+6.8% 🔺)	2.393s (+7.8% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.425s (+8.2% 🔺)	0.405s	25	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.059s (+14.1% 🔺)	2.606s (+24.2% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.622s (+23.6% 🔺)	0.563s	23	1.29x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.259s	3.056s	0.000s	3.075s	0.816s	20	1.41x
💻 Local	Express	3.456s (~)	4.032s (-1.6%)	0.001s (~)	4.037s (-1.6%)	0.581s	15	2.16x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.541s (+6.4% 🔺)	4.096s (+3.2%)	0.001s (+92.0% 🔺)	4.101s (+3.2%)	0.559s	15	2.21x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.709s	4.297s	0.001s	4.303s	0.594s	15	2.32x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.203s (+27.9% 🔺)	5.175s (+13.3% 🔺)	0.000s (-63.6% 🟢)	5.713s (+11.1% 🔺)	1.510s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	18/21
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13/21
▲ Vercel	Express	20/20

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	15/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Redis	9/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	14/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

⚠️Community world benchmarks failed (non-blocking):

• Community Worlds: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	780	0	67	847
✅ 💻 Local Development	727	0	120	847
✅ 📦 Local Production	782	0	142	924
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	782	0	142	924
✅ 🪟 Windows	72	0	5	77
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	118	56	21	195
✅ 📋 Other	198	0	33	231
Total	3459	56	530	4045

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (56 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KM6V97RHNGXJ7J8RH88QVPJF
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V9FJJ8MERGZ04A84WCGEB
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KM6VG61F6M9H1JKAEG6GKH0N

redis (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KM6V97RHNGXJ7J8RH88QVPJF
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KM6VG61F6M9H1JKAEG6GKH0N

turso (51 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V7XGA8DDH4VSA29SE6351
• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V7XGA8DDH4VSA29SE6351
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KM6V9F5CW5NRKWQNDHF3SD3J
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V85N0JK1CSE50WS77G9Y2
• promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V8A5S7A4T02R77AFZ6ES6
• promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V8ES3XNHYSFCH322TXEGB
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V9TB724HY74HMEGAF895M
• hookWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V8TY2SYP3Z37W7MDSS5D5
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KM6V97RHNGXJ7J8RH88QVPJF
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V9FJJ8MERGZ04A84WCGEB
• sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V9P6WCHK7B58Y9HAM64N1
• parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KM6VA2WK396E9QSA5QQ65DEQ
• nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KM6VA69HWDXAT0K26ZBHV0BB
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KM6VA9DAEVGBM9RH9GS7SFNX
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KM6VCCZ6XEZJQ1PM0231HSCE
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KM6VCGGVKGHCQA8K0RPQ1H43
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KM6VFHAMN8Y4EQKM7S5G3AA1
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KM6VG61F6M9H1JKAEG6GKH0N
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KM6VGWAHYJ8PCR3Y5HJ8MGMD
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KM6VHH9K9NA9FWEHK7ZCNVJW
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KM6VHTE2NSVW4CM6CZPHX364
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KM6VJ0XT1YKEGXS9DH488Q8M
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KM6VJ35KM17TA061W8XTNKQE
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KM6VJKAZC1A8XJ567ZG2BNKF
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KM6VJS52G17THK17JENAP3AM
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KM6VK0W9E8DPC9N81MYXDWBE
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KM6VK987Q3XNG6BMNS3T5ZN0
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KM6VKG4F7YJKN6T8PM3WE1FM
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KM6VKQYH8VPK4SRHMCNGWFBD
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KM6VKYRS9YW9RK8K5FZ7KDK3
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KM6VMBC40NBMAHRFDZMVS5A2
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KM6VMKPKNV0XF22FE9Q535RX
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KM6VMVW6Q6BMYPNW616RE2CV
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KM6VN5BJGXMD6C7AQ15HNTJ7
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KM6VNJ3CV07SBFA19VKJ8H3F
• sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KM6VPAG3M6ZEJQPJ08TCCVCA
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KM6VPP850JM3A0AZC4852K6A

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	70	0	7
✅ example	70	0	7
✅ express	70	0	7
✅ fastify	70	0	7
✅ hono	70	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	75	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	75	0	2
✅ nitro	70	0	7
✅ nuxt	70	0	7
✅ sveltekit	70	0	7
✅ vite	70	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	66	0	11
✅ express-stable	66	0	11
✅ fastify-stable	66	0	11
✅ hono-stable	66	0	11
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	72	0	5
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	22
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	72	0	5
✅ nitro-stable	66	0	11
✅ nuxt-stable	66	0	11
✅ sveltekit-stable	66	0	11
✅ vite-stable	66	0	11

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	66	0	11
✅ express-stable	66	0	11
✅ fastify-stable	66	0	11
✅ hono-stable	66	0	11
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	22
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	72	0	5
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	22
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	72	0	5
✅ nitro-stable	66	0	11
✅ nuxt-stable	66	0	11
✅ sveltekit-stable	66	0	11
✅ vite-stable	66	0	11

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	66	0	11
✅ express-stable	66	0	11
✅ fastify-stable	66	0	11
✅ hono-stable	66	0	11
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	22
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	72	0	5
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	22
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	72	0	5
✅ nitro-stable	66	0	11
✅ nuxt-stable	66	0	11
✅ sveltekit-stable	66	0	11
✅ vite-stable	66	0	11

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	72	0	5

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	2
❌ mongodb	52	3	5
✅ redis-dev	3	0	2
❌ redis	53	2	5
✅ turso-dev	3	0	2
❌ turso	4	51	5

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	66	0	11
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	66	0	11
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	66	0	11

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: success
• Local Dev: failure
• Local Prod: success
• Local Postgres: success
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[VaguelySerious]

No description provided.

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⚠️ No Changeset found

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[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-nestjs-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.039s (-18.5% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.966s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.044s (-2.7%)	1.005s (~)	0.961s	10	1.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.050s	1.005s	0.955s	10	1.29x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.056s	1.006s	0.950s	10	1.44x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.061s (-11.8% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.951s	10	1.58x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.064s (-10.1% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.948s	10	1.65x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.067s	1.011s	0.944s	10	1.73x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.607s (+5.3% 🔺)	2.471s (-3.3%)	1.864s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.095s (-3.0%)	2.005s (~)	0.909s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.121s	2.006s	0.886s	10	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.125s	2.006s	0.882s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.132s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.873s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.143s	2.013s	0.870s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.154s (+1.0%)	2.014s (~)	0.860s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.163s (+2.1%)	2.013s (~)	0.850s	10	1.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.102s (-4.8%)	3.714s (-4.6%)	1.612s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	10.630s (-2.4%)	11.023s (~)	0.393s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.810s	11.023s	0.212s	3	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.825s	11.024s	0.199s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	10.917s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.105s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.936s (~)	11.041s (~)	0.105s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.945s (~)	11.048s (~)	0.103s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.945s	11.048s	0.103s	3	1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	17.998s (+3.6%)	19.229s (-0.7%)	1.231s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	14.223s (-4.6%)	15.028s (~)	0.806s	4	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.247s	15.029s	0.782s	4	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.618s	15.050s	0.432s	4	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.633s	15.030s	0.397s	4	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.709s (-0.8%)	15.044s (~)	0.335s	4	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	14.720s (+1.0%)	15.044s (~)	0.323s	4	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	14.904s (-0.6%)	15.028s (-3.2%)	0.124s	4	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	33.123s (-1.9%)	35.584s (~)	2.461s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	13.424s	14.027s	0.604s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.104s	14.900s	0.796s	7	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.257s (-0.8%)	15.039s (~)	0.782s	6	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	14.296s (+2.0%)	15.043s (+4.0%)	0.747s	6	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	14.780s (-10.2% 🟢)	15.027s (-11.8% 🟢)	0.247s	6	1.10x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	15.882s	16.195s	0.313s	6	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	16.472s (-1.3%)	17.030s (~)	0.558s	6	1.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	58.096s (+0.7%)	60.099s (+1.1%)	2.003s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.251s	2.011s	0.760s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.276s (+0.8%)	2.011s (~)	0.736s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.286s (-0.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.725s	15	1.03x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.318s	2.006s	0.689s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.479s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.527s	15	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	1.492s (-1.0%)	2.007s (~)	0.515s	15	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.525s	2.006s	0.481s	15	1.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.591s (-6.1% 🟢)	4.131s (-10.5% 🟢)	1.539s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.440s	3.012s	0.572s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.465s (~)	3.012s (~)	0.547s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.468s (~)	3.013s (~)	0.544s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.547s	3.008s	0.461s	10	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.651s (-7.7% 🟢)	3.007s (-3.2%)	0.356s	10	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.822s	3.342s	0.520s	9	1.16x
💻 Local	Express	3.000s (~)	3.341s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.342s	9	1.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.372s (+18.1% 🔺)	5.050s (+13.1% 🔺)	1.678s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.592s (~)	4.014s (~)	0.421s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.624s (~)	4.015s (~)	0.392s	8	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.752s	4.014s	0.263s	8	1.04x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.151s	5.011s	0.860s	6	1.16x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.052s (-13.2% 🟢)	7.414s (-15.5% 🟢)	0.363s	5	1.96x
💻 Local	Express	8.043s (-5.1% 🟢)	8.522s (-5.5% 🟢)	0.478s	4	2.24x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.046s	8.517s	0.471s	4	2.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.328s (+1.3%)	4.661s (~)	1.333s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.244s	2.011s	0.767s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.261s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.750s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.285s (+0.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.726s	15	1.03x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.301s	2.007s	0.706s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.472s (-5.6% 🟢)	2.005s (~)	0.533s	15	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	1.521s (-1.0%)	2.005s (~)	0.484s	15	1.22x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.537s	2.005s	0.468s	15	1.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.356s (+6.6% 🔺)	4.044s (+4.6%)	1.689s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.438s	3.012s	0.574s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.453s (~)	3.013s (~)	0.560s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.462s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.549s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.577s	3.008s	0.431s	10	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.715s (-10.3% 🟢)	3.108s (-15.4% 🟢)	0.393s	10	1.11x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.897s	3.210s	0.313s	10	1.19x
💻 Local	Express	2.974s (-1.9%)	3.452s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.478s	9	1.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.182s (+18.8% 🔺)	4.728s (+2.6%)	1.546s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.610s (~)	4.014s (~)	0.404s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.622s (~)	4.013s (~)	0.391s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.720s	4.015s	0.295s	8	1.03x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.184s	4.726s	0.542s	7	1.16x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.777s (-10.0% 🟢)	8.267s (-8.4% 🟢)	0.491s	4	2.15x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.273s	8.768s	0.495s	4	2.29x
💻 Local	Express	8.758s (-3.3%)	9.273s (-5.1% 🟢)	0.515s	4	2.43x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.045s (-0.7%)	4.316s (-5.0%)	1.271s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.685s	1.004s	0.319s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.693s (-27.5% 🟢)	1.004s (-1.7%)	0.311s	60	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.839s	1.021s	0.183s	59	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.845s	1.026s	0.182s	59	1.23x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.869s (~)	1.009s (-1.6%)	0.140s	60	1.27x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.870s (-3.1%)	1.026s (-1.7%)	0.156s	59	1.27x
💻 Local	Express	0.972s (-1.1%)	1.057s (-3.5%)	0.085s	57	1.42x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	11.217s (+12.9% 🔺)	13.272s (+13.5% 🔺)	2.055s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.715s	2.028s	0.313s	45	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.011s	2.432s	0.421s	38	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.111s (-2.3%)	2.915s (-2.2%)	0.804s	31	1.23x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.120s (~)	3.012s (~)	0.891s	30	1.24x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.288s (-22.6% 🟢)	3.008s (-3.3%)	0.720s	30	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.637s	3.008s	0.371s	30	1.54x
💻 Local	Express	2.955s (-2.0%)	3.111s (-12.3% 🟢)	0.156s	29	1.72x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	32.191s (-3.2%)	33.894s (-3.6%)	1.703s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.453s	4.009s	0.556s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.055s	4.894s	0.840s	25	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Express	4.287s (+0.6%)	5.014s (+0.8%)	0.728s	24	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4.289s (-1.1%)	5.014s (~)	0.726s	24	1.24x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.312s (-19.0% 🟢)	8.015s (-15.4% 🟢)	0.703s	15	2.12x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.402s	9.017s	0.614s	14	2.43x
💻 Local	Express	9.027s (-1.4%)	9.478s (-3.2%)	0.452s	13	2.61x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	84.946s (-3.6%)	86.731s (-3.4%)	1.785s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.274s	1.009s	0.734s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.290s (-4.0%)	1.009s (~)	0.719s	60	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.293s (-0.6%)	1.009s (~)	0.716s	60	1.07x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.397s	1.004s	0.608s	60	1.45x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.532s	1.004s	0.472s	60	1.94x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.573s (-4.1%)	1.004s (~)	0.431s	60	2.09x
💻 Local	Express	0.578s (-4.2%)	1.004s (~)	0.426s	60	2.11x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.892s (-24.7% 🟢)	3.591s (-10.8% 🟢)	1.700s	17	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.531s (+0.7%)	1.009s (~)	0.478s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.536s (-0.5%)	1.010s (~)	0.474s	90	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.542s	1.010s	0.467s	90	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.200s	2.006s	0.806s	45	2.26x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.431s (-1.8%)	3.007s (~)	0.577s	30	4.58x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.454s	2.976s	0.522s	31	4.62x
💻 Local	Express	2.493s (-3.4%)	3.008s (~)	0.515s	30	4.69x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.012s (-2.2%)	4.820s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.808s	19	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.908s	1.075s	0.168s	112	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.917s (+2.1%)	1.106s (+6.3% 🔺)	0.190s	109	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.920s (-2.0%)	1.204s (+1.0%)	0.284s	100	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.810s	3.058s	0.248s	40	3.10x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.224s	10.857s	0.633s	12	11.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.340s (-7.0% 🟢)	11.023s (-5.5% 🟢)	0.683s	11	11.39x
💻 Local	Express	11.004s (-2.5%)	11.480s (-4.6%)	0.476s	11	12.13x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	7.710s (+6.0% 🔺)	9.300s (+3.9%)	1.590s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.139s (-29.2% 🟢)	1.003s (~)	0.009s (-20.3% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.876s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.172s	1.000s	0.002s	1.007s	0.835s	10	1.24x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.173s	1.001s	0.012s	1.017s	0.844s	10	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	0.199s (-2.6%)	1.003s (~)	0.011s (-5.9% 🟢)	1.017s (~)	0.818s	10	1.43x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.208s	1.001s	0.001s	1.012s	0.805s	10	1.49x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.208s (-12.9% 🟢)	0.997s (~)	0.001s (~)	1.013s (~)	0.804s	10	1.50x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.227s (+4.8%)	0.999s (~)	0.002s (+33.3% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.786s	10	1.63x

▲ Production (Vercel)

No data available

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.493s	1.001s	0.005s	1.013s	0.520s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.575s (-20.8% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.008s (-9.3% 🟢)	1.021s (~)	0.446s	59	1.17x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.657s	1.008s	0.010s	1.022s	0.365s	59	1.33x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.680s (-1.9%)	1.004s (~)	0.005s (+42.0% 🔺)	1.028s (~)	0.348s	59	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.697s (-3.6%)	1.004s (~)	0.010s (+168.5% 🔺)	1.033s (+0.7%)	0.337s	59	1.41x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.701s	1.010s	0.007s	1.032s	0.331s	59	1.42x
💻 Local	Express	0.722s (-7.0% 🟢)	1.009s (-1.7%)	0.010s (-1.9%)	1.022s (-1.8%)	0.300s	59	1.46x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.475s (+2.6%)	5.955s (+6.8% 🔺)	0.298s (+12.0% 🔺)	6.785s (+5.7% 🔺)	2.310s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.909s	1.016s	0.000s	1.021s	0.112s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.106s (+23.8% 🔺)	1.931s (+78.3% 🔺)	0.000s (+432.3% 🔺)	1.962s (+77.6% 🔺)	0.856s	31	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.112s	1.820s	0.000s	1.829s	0.718s	33	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.115s (+21.1% 🔺)	1.843s (+73.5% 🔺)	0.000s (-15.2% 🟢)	1.868s (+72.8% 🔺)	0.753s	33	1.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.171s (-4.4%)	2.017s (~)	0.000s (-23.1% 🟢)	2.021s (~)	0.850s	30	1.29x
💻 Local	Express	1.235s (-1.8%)	2.020s (~)	0.000s (-29.4% 🟢)	2.023s (~)	0.788s	30	1.36x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.236s	2.018s	0.000s	2.023s	0.787s	30	1.36x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.555s (+6.9% 🔺)	3.450s (+4.9%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	4.030s (+2.2%)	1.475s	16	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.601s	2.002s	0.000s	2.007s	0.405s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.020s (+6.8% 🔺)	2.393s (+7.8% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.425s (+8.2% 🔺)	0.405s	25	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.059s (+14.1% 🔺)	2.606s (+24.2% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.622s (+23.6% 🔺)	0.563s	23	1.29x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.259s	3.056s	0.000s	3.075s	0.816s	20	1.41x
💻 Local	Express	3.456s (~)	4.032s (-1.6%)	0.001s (~)	4.037s (-1.6%)	0.581s	15	2.16x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.541s (+6.4% 🔺)	4.096s (+3.2%)	0.001s (+92.0% 🔺)	4.101s (+3.2%)	0.559s	15	2.21x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.709s	4.297s	0.001s	4.303s	0.594s	15	2.32x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.203s (+27.9% 🔺)	5.175s (+13.3% 🔺)	0.000s (-63.6% 🟢)	5.713s (+11.1% 🔺)	1.510s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	18/21
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13/21
▲ Vercel	Express	20/20

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	15/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Redis	9/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	14/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

⚠️Community world benchmarks failed (non-blocking):

• Community Worlds: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	780	0	67	847
✅ 💻 Local Development	727	0	120	847
✅ 📦 Local Production	782	0	142	924
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	782	0	142	924
✅ 🪟 Windows	72	0	5	77
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	118	56	21	195
✅ 📋 Other	198	0	33	231
Total	3459	56	530	4045

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (56 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KM6V97RHNGXJ7J8RH88QVPJF
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V9FJJ8MERGZ04A84WCGEB
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KM6VG61F6M9H1JKAEG6GKH0N

redis (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KM6V97RHNGXJ7J8RH88QVPJF
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KM6VG61F6M9H1JKAEG6GKH0N

turso (51 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V7XGA8DDH4VSA29SE6351
• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V7XGA8DDH4VSA29SE6351
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KM6V9F5CW5NRKWQNDHF3SD3J
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V85N0JK1CSE50WS77G9Y2
• promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V8A5S7A4T02R77AFZ6ES6
• promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V8ES3XNHYSFCH322TXEGB
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V9TB724HY74HMEGAF895M
• hookWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V8TY2SYP3Z37W7MDSS5D5
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KM6V97RHNGXJ7J8RH88QVPJF
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V9FJJ8MERGZ04A84WCGEB
• sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V9P6WCHK7B58Y9HAM64N1
• parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KM6VA2WK396E9QSA5QQ65DEQ
• nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KM6VA69HWDXAT0K26ZBHV0BB
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KM6VA9DAEVGBM9RH9GS7SFNX
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KM6VCCZ6XEZJQ1PM0231HSCE
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KM6VCGGVKGHCQA8K0RPQ1H43
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KM6VFHAMN8Y4EQKM7S5G3AA1
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KM6VG61F6M9H1JKAEG6GKH0N
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KM6VGWAHYJ8PCR3Y5HJ8MGMD
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KM6VHH9K9NA9FWEHK7ZCNVJW
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KM6VHTE2NSVW4CM6CZPHX364
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KM6VJ0XT1YKEGXS9DH488Q8M
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KM6VJ35KM17TA061W8XTNKQE
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KM6VJKAZC1A8XJ567ZG2BNKF
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KM6VJS52G17THK17JENAP3AM
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KM6VK0W9E8DPC9N81MYXDWBE
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KM6VK987Q3XNG6BMNS3T5ZN0
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KM6VKG4F7YJKN6T8PM3WE1FM
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KM6VKQYH8VPK4SRHMCNGWFBD
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KM6VKYRS9YW9RK8K5FZ7KDK3
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KM6VMBC40NBMAHRFDZMVS5A2
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KM6VMKPKNV0XF22FE9Q535RX
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KM6VMVW6Q6BMYPNW616RE2CV
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KM6VN5BJGXMD6C7AQ15HNTJ7
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KM6VNJ3CV07SBFA19VKJ8H3F
• sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KM6VPAG3M6ZEJQPJ08TCCVCA
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KM6VPP850JM3A0AZC4852K6A

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	70	0	7
✅ example	70	0	7
✅ express	70	0	7
✅ fastify	70	0	7
✅ hono	70	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	75	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	75	0	2
✅ nitro	70	0	7
✅ nuxt	70	0	7
✅ sveltekit	70	0	7
✅ vite	70	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	66	0	11
✅ express-stable	66	0	11
✅ fastify-stable	66	0	11
✅ hono-stable	66	0	11
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	72	0	5
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	22
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	72	0	5
✅ nitro-stable	66	0	11
✅ nuxt-stable	66	0	11
✅ sveltekit-stable	66	0	11
✅ vite-stable	66	0	11

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	66	0	11
✅ express-stable	66	0	11
✅ fastify-stable	66	0	11
✅ hono-stable	66	0	11
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	22
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	72	0	5
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	22
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	72	0	5
✅ nitro-stable	66	0	11
✅ nuxt-stable	66	0	11
✅ sveltekit-stable	66	0	11
✅ vite-stable	66	0	11

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	66	0	11
✅ express-stable	66	0	11
✅ fastify-stable	66	0	11
✅ hono-stable	66	0	11
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	22
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	72	0	5
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	22
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	72	0	5
✅ nitro-stable	66	0	11
✅ nuxt-stable	66	0	11
✅ sveltekit-stable	66	0	11
✅ vite-stable	66	0	11

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	72	0	5

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	2
❌ mongodb	52	3	5
✅ redis-dev	3	0	2
❌ redis	53	2	5
✅ turso-dev	3	0	2
❌ turso	4	51	5

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	66	0	11
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	66	0	11
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	66	0	11

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: success
• Local Dev: failure
• Local Prod: success
• Local Postgres: success
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[VaguelySerious]

No description provided.

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Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-nestjs-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.039s (-18.5% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.966s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.044s (-2.7%)	1.005s (~)	0.961s	10	1.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.050s	1.005s	0.955s	10	1.29x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.056s	1.006s	0.950s	10	1.44x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.061s (-11.8% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.951s	10	1.58x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.064s (-10.1% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.948s	10	1.65x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.067s	1.011s	0.944s	10	1.73x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.607s (+5.3% 🔺)	2.471s (-3.3%)	1.864s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.095s (-3.0%)	2.005s (~)	0.909s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.121s	2.006s	0.886s	10	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.125s	2.006s	0.882s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.132s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.873s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.143s	2.013s	0.870s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.154s (+1.0%)	2.014s (~)	0.860s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.163s (+2.1%)	2.013s (~)	0.850s	10	1.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.102s (-4.8%)	3.714s (-4.6%)	1.612s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	10.630s (-2.4%)	11.023s (~)	0.393s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.810s	11.023s	0.212s	3	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.825s	11.024s	0.199s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	10.917s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.105s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.936s (~)	11.041s (~)	0.105s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.945s (~)	11.048s (~)	0.103s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.945s	11.048s	0.103s	3	1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	17.998s (+3.6%)	19.229s (-0.7%)	1.231s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	14.223s (-4.6%)	15.028s (~)	0.806s	4	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.247s	15.029s	0.782s	4	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.618s	15.050s	0.432s	4	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.633s	15.030s	0.397s	4	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.709s (-0.8%)	15.044s (~)	0.335s	4	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	14.720s (+1.0%)	15.044s (~)	0.323s	4	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	14.904s (-0.6%)	15.028s (-3.2%)	0.124s	4	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	33.123s (-1.9%)	35.584s (~)	2.461s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	13.424s	14.027s	0.604s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.104s	14.900s	0.796s	7	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.257s (-0.8%)	15.039s (~)	0.782s	6	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	14.296s (+2.0%)	15.043s (+4.0%)	0.747s	6	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	14.780s (-10.2% 🟢)	15.027s (-11.8% 🟢)	0.247s	6	1.10x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	15.882s	16.195s	0.313s	6	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	16.472s (-1.3%)	17.030s (~)	0.558s	6	1.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	58.096s (+0.7%)	60.099s (+1.1%)	2.003s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.251s	2.011s	0.760s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.276s (+0.8%)	2.011s (~)	0.736s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.286s (-0.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.725s	15	1.03x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.318s	2.006s	0.689s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.479s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.527s	15	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	1.492s (-1.0%)	2.007s (~)	0.515s	15	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.525s	2.006s	0.481s	15	1.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.591s (-6.1% 🟢)	4.131s (-10.5% 🟢)	1.539s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.440s	3.012s	0.572s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.465s (~)	3.012s (~)	0.547s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.468s (~)	3.013s (~)	0.544s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.547s	3.008s	0.461s	10	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.651s (-7.7% 🟢)	3.007s (-3.2%)	0.356s	10	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.822s	3.342s	0.520s	9	1.16x
💻 Local	Express	3.000s (~)	3.341s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.342s	9	1.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.372s (+18.1% 🔺)	5.050s (+13.1% 🔺)	1.678s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.592s (~)	4.014s (~)	0.421s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.624s (~)	4.015s (~)	0.392s	8	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.752s	4.014s	0.263s	8	1.04x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.151s	5.011s	0.860s	6	1.16x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.052s (-13.2% 🟢)	7.414s (-15.5% 🟢)	0.363s	5	1.96x
💻 Local	Express	8.043s (-5.1% 🟢)	8.522s (-5.5% 🟢)	0.478s	4	2.24x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.046s	8.517s	0.471s	4	2.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.328s (+1.3%)	4.661s (~)	1.333s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.244s	2.011s	0.767s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.261s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.750s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.285s (+0.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.726s	15	1.03x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.301s	2.007s	0.706s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.472s (-5.6% 🟢)	2.005s (~)	0.533s	15	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	1.521s (-1.0%)	2.005s (~)	0.484s	15	1.22x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.537s	2.005s	0.468s	15	1.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.356s (+6.6% 🔺)	4.044s (+4.6%)	1.689s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.438s	3.012s	0.574s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.453s (~)	3.013s (~)	0.560s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.462s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.549s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.577s	3.008s	0.431s	10	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.715s (-10.3% 🟢)	3.108s (-15.4% 🟢)	0.393s	10	1.11x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.897s	3.210s	0.313s	10	1.19x
💻 Local	Express	2.974s (-1.9%)	3.452s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.478s	9	1.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.182s (+18.8% 🔺)	4.728s (+2.6%)	1.546s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.610s (~)	4.014s (~)	0.404s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.622s (~)	4.013s (~)	0.391s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.720s	4.015s	0.295s	8	1.03x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.184s	4.726s	0.542s	7	1.16x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.777s (-10.0% 🟢)	8.267s (-8.4% 🟢)	0.491s	4	2.15x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.273s	8.768s	0.495s	4	2.29x
💻 Local	Express	8.758s (-3.3%)	9.273s (-5.1% 🟢)	0.515s	4	2.43x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.045s (-0.7%)	4.316s (-5.0%)	1.271s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.685s	1.004s	0.319s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.693s (-27.5% 🟢)	1.004s (-1.7%)	0.311s	60	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.839s	1.021s	0.183s	59	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.845s	1.026s	0.182s	59	1.23x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.869s (~)	1.009s (-1.6%)	0.140s	60	1.27x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.870s (-3.1%)	1.026s (-1.7%)	0.156s	59	1.27x
💻 Local	Express	0.972s (-1.1%)	1.057s (-3.5%)	0.085s	57	1.42x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	11.217s (+12.9% 🔺)	13.272s (+13.5% 🔺)	2.055s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.715s	2.028s	0.313s	45	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.011s	2.432s	0.421s	38	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.111s (-2.3%)	2.915s (-2.2%)	0.804s	31	1.23x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.120s (~)	3.012s (~)	0.891s	30	1.24x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.288s (-22.6% 🟢)	3.008s (-3.3%)	0.720s	30	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.637s	3.008s	0.371s	30	1.54x
💻 Local	Express	2.955s (-2.0%)	3.111s (-12.3% 🟢)	0.156s	29	1.72x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	32.191s (-3.2%)	33.894s (-3.6%)	1.703s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.453s	4.009s	0.556s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.055s	4.894s	0.840s	25	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Express	4.287s (+0.6%)	5.014s (+0.8%)	0.728s	24	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4.289s (-1.1%)	5.014s (~)	0.726s	24	1.24x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.312s (-19.0% 🟢)	8.015s (-15.4% 🟢)	0.703s	15	2.12x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.402s	9.017s	0.614s	14	2.43x
💻 Local	Express	9.027s (-1.4%)	9.478s (-3.2%)	0.452s	13	2.61x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	84.946s (-3.6%)	86.731s (-3.4%)	1.785s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.274s	1.009s	0.734s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.290s (-4.0%)	1.009s (~)	0.719s	60	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.293s (-0.6%)	1.009s (~)	0.716s	60	1.07x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.397s	1.004s	0.608s	60	1.45x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.532s	1.004s	0.472s	60	1.94x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.573s (-4.1%)	1.004s (~)	0.431s	60	2.09x
💻 Local	Express	0.578s (-4.2%)	1.004s (~)	0.426s	60	2.11x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.892s (-24.7% 🟢)	3.591s (-10.8% 🟢)	1.700s	17	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.531s (+0.7%)	1.009s (~)	0.478s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.536s (-0.5%)	1.010s (~)	0.474s	90	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.542s	1.010s	0.467s	90	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.200s	2.006s	0.806s	45	2.26x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.431s (-1.8%)	3.007s (~)	0.577s	30	4.58x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.454s	2.976s	0.522s	31	4.62x
💻 Local	Express	2.493s (-3.4%)	3.008s (~)	0.515s	30	4.69x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.012s (-2.2%)	4.820s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.808s	19	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.908s	1.075s	0.168s	112	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.917s (+2.1%)	1.106s (+6.3% 🔺)	0.190s	109	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.920s (-2.0%)	1.204s (+1.0%)	0.284s	100	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.810s	3.058s	0.248s	40	3.10x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.224s	10.857s	0.633s	12	11.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.340s (-7.0% 🟢)	11.023s (-5.5% 🟢)	0.683s	11	11.39x
💻 Local	Express	11.004s (-2.5%)	11.480s (-4.6%)	0.476s	11	12.13x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	7.710s (+6.0% 🔺)	9.300s (+3.9%)	1.590s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.139s (-29.2% 🟢)	1.003s (~)	0.009s (-20.3% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.876s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.172s	1.000s	0.002s	1.007s	0.835s	10	1.24x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.173s	1.001s	0.012s	1.017s	0.844s	10	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	0.199s (-2.6%)	1.003s (~)	0.011s (-5.9% 🟢)	1.017s (~)	0.818s	10	1.43x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.208s	1.001s	0.001s	1.012s	0.805s	10	1.49x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.208s (-12.9% 🟢)	0.997s (~)	0.001s (~)	1.013s (~)	0.804s	10	1.50x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.227s (+4.8%)	0.999s (~)	0.002s (+33.3% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.786s	10	1.63x

▲ Production (Vercel)

No data available

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.493s	1.001s	0.005s	1.013s	0.520s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.575s (-20.8% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.008s (-9.3% 🟢)	1.021s (~)	0.446s	59	1.17x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.657s	1.008s	0.010s	1.022s	0.365s	59	1.33x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.680s (-1.9%)	1.004s (~)	0.005s (+42.0% 🔺)	1.028s (~)	0.348s	59	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.697s (-3.6%)	1.004s (~)	0.010s (+168.5% 🔺)	1.033s (+0.7%)	0.337s	59	1.41x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.701s	1.010s	0.007s	1.032s	0.331s	59	1.42x
💻 Local	Express	0.722s (-7.0% 🟢)	1.009s (-1.7%)	0.010s (-1.9%)	1.022s (-1.8%)	0.300s	59	1.46x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.475s (+2.6%)	5.955s (+6.8% 🔺)	0.298s (+12.0% 🔺)	6.785s (+5.7% 🔺)	2.310s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.909s	1.016s	0.000s	1.021s	0.112s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.106s (+23.8% 🔺)	1.931s (+78.3% 🔺)	0.000s (+432.3% 🔺)	1.962s (+77.6% 🔺)	0.856s	31	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.112s	1.820s	0.000s	1.829s	0.718s	33	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.115s (+21.1% 🔺)	1.843s (+73.5% 🔺)	0.000s (-15.2% 🟢)	1.868s (+72.8% 🔺)	0.753s	33	1.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.171s (-4.4%)	2.017s (~)	0.000s (-23.1% 🟢)	2.021s (~)	0.850s	30	1.29x
💻 Local	Express	1.235s (-1.8%)	2.020s (~)	0.000s (-29.4% 🟢)	2.023s (~)	0.788s	30	1.36x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.236s	2.018s	0.000s	2.023s	0.787s	30	1.36x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.555s (+6.9% 🔺)	3.450s (+4.9%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	4.030s (+2.2%)	1.475s	16	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.601s	2.002s	0.000s	2.007s	0.405s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.020s (+6.8% 🔺)	2.393s (+7.8% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.425s (+8.2% 🔺)	0.405s	25	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.059s (+14.1% 🔺)	2.606s (+24.2% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.622s (+23.6% 🔺)	0.563s	23	1.29x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.259s	3.056s	0.000s	3.075s	0.816s	20	1.41x
💻 Local	Express	3.456s (~)	4.032s (-1.6%)	0.001s (~)	4.037s (-1.6%)	0.581s	15	2.16x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.541s (+6.4% 🔺)	4.096s (+3.2%)	0.001s (+92.0% 🔺)	4.101s (+3.2%)	0.559s	15	2.21x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.709s	4.297s	0.001s	4.303s	0.594s	15	2.32x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.203s (+27.9% 🔺)	5.175s (+13.3% 🔺)	0.000s (-63.6% 🟢)	5.713s (+11.1% 🔺)	1.510s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	18/21
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13/21
▲ Vercel	Express	20/20

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	15/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Redis	9/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	14/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

⚠️Community world benchmarks failed (non-blocking):

• Community Worlds: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	780	0	67	847
✅ 💻 Local Development	727	0	120	847
✅ 📦 Local Production	782	0	142	924
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	782	0	142	924
✅ 🪟 Windows	72	0	5	77
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	118	56	21	195
✅ 📋 Other	198	0	33	231
Total	3459	56	530	4045

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (56 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KM6V97RHNGXJ7J8RH88QVPJF
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V9FJJ8MERGZ04A84WCGEB
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KM6VG61F6M9H1JKAEG6GKH0N

redis (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KM6V97RHNGXJ7J8RH88QVPJF
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KM6VG61F6M9H1JKAEG6GKH0N

turso (51 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V7XGA8DDH4VSA29SE6351
• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V7XGA8DDH4VSA29SE6351
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KM6V9F5CW5NRKWQNDHF3SD3J
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V85N0JK1CSE50WS77G9Y2
• promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V8A5S7A4T02R77AFZ6ES6
• promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V8ES3XNHYSFCH322TXEGB
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V9TB724HY74HMEGAF895M
• hookWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V8TY2SYP3Z37W7MDSS5D5
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KM6V97RHNGXJ7J8RH88QVPJF
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V9FJJ8MERGZ04A84WCGEB
• sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V9P6WCHK7B58Y9HAM64N1
• parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KM6VA2WK396E9QSA5QQ65DEQ
• nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KM6VA69HWDXAT0K26ZBHV0BB
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KM6VA9DAEVGBM9RH9GS7SFNX
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KM6VCCZ6XEZJQ1PM0231HSCE
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KM6VCGGVKGHCQA8K0RPQ1H43
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KM6VFHAMN8Y4EQKM7S5G3AA1
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KM6VG61F6M9H1JKAEG6GKH0N
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KM6VGWAHYJ8PCR3Y5HJ8MGMD
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KM6VHH9K9NA9FWEHK7ZCNVJW
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KM6VHTE2NSVW4CM6CZPHX364
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KM6VJ0XT1YKEGXS9DH488Q8M
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KM6VJ35KM17TA061W8XTNKQE
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KM6VJKAZC1A8XJ567ZG2BNKF
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KM6VJS52G17THK17JENAP3AM
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KM6VK0W9E8DPC9N81MYXDWBE
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KM6VK987Q3XNG6BMNS3T5ZN0
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KM6VKG4F7YJKN6T8PM3WE1FM
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KM6VKQYH8VPK4SRHMCNGWFBD
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KM6VKYRS9YW9RK8K5FZ7KDK3
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KM6VMBC40NBMAHRFDZMVS5A2
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KM6VMKPKNV0XF22FE9Q535RX
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KM6VMVW6Q6BMYPNW616RE2CV
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KM6VN5BJGXMD6C7AQ15HNTJ7
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KM6VNJ3CV07SBFA19VKJ8H3F
• sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KM6VPAG3M6ZEJQPJ08TCCVCA
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KM6VPP850JM3A0AZC4852K6A

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	70	0	7
✅ example	70	0	7
✅ express	70	0	7
✅ fastify	70	0	7
✅ hono	70	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	75	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	75	0	2
✅ nitro	70	0	7
✅ nuxt	70	0	7
✅ sveltekit	70	0	7
✅ vite	70	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	66	0	11
✅ express-stable	66	0	11
✅ fastify-stable	66	0	11
✅ hono-stable	66	0	11
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	72	0	5
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	22
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	72	0	5
✅ nitro-stable	66	0	11
✅ nuxt-stable	66	0	11
✅ sveltekit-stable	66	0	11
✅ vite-stable	66	0	11

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	66	0	11
✅ express-stable	66	0	11
✅ fastify-stable	66	0	11
✅ hono-stable	66	0	11
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	22
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	72	0	5
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	22
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	72	0	5
✅ nitro-stable	66	0	11
✅ nuxt-stable	66	0	11
✅ sveltekit-stable	66	0	11
✅ vite-stable	66	0	11

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	66	0	11
✅ express-stable	66	0	11
✅ fastify-stable	66	0	11
✅ hono-stable	66	0	11
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	22
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	72	0	5
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	22
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	72	0	5
✅ nitro-stable	66	0	11
✅ nuxt-stable	66	0	11
✅ sveltekit-stable	66	0	11
✅ vite-stable	66	0	11

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	72	0	5

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	2
❌ mongodb	52	3	5
✅ redis-dev	3	0	2
❌ redis	53	2	5
✅ turso-dev	3	0	2
❌ turso	4	51	5

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	66	0	11
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	66	0	11
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	66	0	11

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: success
• Local Dev: failure
• Local Prod: success
• Local Postgres: success
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[VaguelySerious]

No description provided.

[changeset-bot]

⚠️ No Changeset found

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[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-nestjs-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 21, 2026 0:03am

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.039s (-18.5% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.966s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.044s (-2.7%)	1.005s (~)	0.961s	10	1.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.050s	1.005s	0.955s	10	1.29x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.056s	1.006s	0.950s	10	1.44x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.061s (-11.8% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.951s	10	1.58x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.064s (-10.1% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.948s	10	1.65x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.067s	1.011s	0.944s	10	1.73x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.607s (+5.3% 🔺)	2.471s (-3.3%)	1.864s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.095s (-3.0%)	2.005s (~)	0.909s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.121s	2.006s	0.886s	10	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.125s	2.006s	0.882s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.132s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.873s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.143s	2.013s	0.870s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.154s (+1.0%)	2.014s (~)	0.860s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.163s (+2.1%)	2.013s (~)	0.850s	10	1.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.102s (-4.8%)	3.714s (-4.6%)	1.612s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	10.630s (-2.4%)	11.023s (~)	0.393s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.810s	11.023s	0.212s	3	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.825s	11.024s	0.199s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	10.917s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.105s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.936s (~)	11.041s (~)	0.105s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.945s (~)	11.048s (~)	0.103s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.945s	11.048s	0.103s	3	1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	17.998s (+3.6%)	19.229s (-0.7%)	1.231s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	14.223s (-4.6%)	15.028s (~)	0.806s	4	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.247s	15.029s	0.782s	4	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.618s	15.050s	0.432s	4	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.633s	15.030s	0.397s	4	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.709s (-0.8%)	15.044s (~)	0.335s	4	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	14.720s (+1.0%)	15.044s (~)	0.323s	4	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	14.904s (-0.6%)	15.028s (-3.2%)	0.124s	4	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	33.123s (-1.9%)	35.584s (~)	2.461s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	13.424s	14.027s	0.604s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.104s	14.900s	0.796s	7	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.257s (-0.8%)	15.039s (~)	0.782s	6	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	14.296s (+2.0%)	15.043s (+4.0%)	0.747s	6	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	14.780s (-10.2% 🟢)	15.027s (-11.8% 🟢)	0.247s	6	1.10x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	15.882s	16.195s	0.313s	6	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	16.472s (-1.3%)	17.030s (~)	0.558s	6	1.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	58.096s (+0.7%)	60.099s (+1.1%)	2.003s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.251s	2.011s	0.760s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.276s (+0.8%)	2.011s (~)	0.736s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.286s (-0.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.725s	15	1.03x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.318s	2.006s	0.689s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.479s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.527s	15	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	1.492s (-1.0%)	2.007s (~)	0.515s	15	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.525s	2.006s	0.481s	15	1.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.591s (-6.1% 🟢)	4.131s (-10.5% 🟢)	1.539s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.440s	3.012s	0.572s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.465s (~)	3.012s (~)	0.547s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.468s (~)	3.013s (~)	0.544s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.547s	3.008s	0.461s	10	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.651s (-7.7% 🟢)	3.007s (-3.2%)	0.356s	10	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.822s	3.342s	0.520s	9	1.16x
💻 Local	Express	3.000s (~)	3.341s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.342s	9	1.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.372s (+18.1% 🔺)	5.050s (+13.1% 🔺)	1.678s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.592s (~)	4.014s (~)	0.421s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.624s (~)	4.015s (~)	0.392s	8	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.752s	4.014s	0.263s	8	1.04x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.151s	5.011s	0.860s	6	1.16x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.052s (-13.2% 🟢)	7.414s (-15.5% 🟢)	0.363s	5	1.96x
💻 Local	Express	8.043s (-5.1% 🟢)	8.522s (-5.5% 🟢)	0.478s	4	2.24x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.046s	8.517s	0.471s	4	2.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.328s (+1.3%)	4.661s (~)	1.333s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.244s	2.011s	0.767s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.261s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.750s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.285s (+0.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.726s	15	1.03x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.301s	2.007s	0.706s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.472s (-5.6% 🟢)	2.005s (~)	0.533s	15	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	1.521s (-1.0%)	2.005s (~)	0.484s	15	1.22x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.537s	2.005s	0.468s	15	1.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.356s (+6.6% 🔺)	4.044s (+4.6%)	1.689s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.438s	3.012s	0.574s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.453s (~)	3.013s (~)	0.560s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.462s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.549s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.577s	3.008s	0.431s	10	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.715s (-10.3% 🟢)	3.108s (-15.4% 🟢)	0.393s	10	1.11x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.897s	3.210s	0.313s	10	1.19x
💻 Local	Express	2.974s (-1.9%)	3.452s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.478s	9	1.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.182s (+18.8% 🔺)	4.728s (+2.6%)	1.546s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.610s (~)	4.014s (~)	0.404s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.622s (~)	4.013s (~)	0.391s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.720s	4.015s	0.295s	8	1.03x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.184s	4.726s	0.542s	7	1.16x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.777s (-10.0% 🟢)	8.267s (-8.4% 🟢)	0.491s	4	2.15x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.273s	8.768s	0.495s	4	2.29x
💻 Local	Express	8.758s (-3.3%)	9.273s (-5.1% 🟢)	0.515s	4	2.43x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.045s (-0.7%)	4.316s (-5.0%)	1.271s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.685s	1.004s	0.319s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.693s (-27.5% 🟢)	1.004s (-1.7%)	0.311s	60	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.839s	1.021s	0.183s	59	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.845s	1.026s	0.182s	59	1.23x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.869s (~)	1.009s (-1.6%)	0.140s	60	1.27x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.870s (-3.1%)	1.026s (-1.7%)	0.156s	59	1.27x
💻 Local	Express	0.972s (-1.1%)	1.057s (-3.5%)	0.085s	57	1.42x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	11.217s (+12.9% 🔺)	13.272s (+13.5% 🔺)	2.055s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.715s	2.028s	0.313s	45	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.011s	2.432s	0.421s	38	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.111s (-2.3%)	2.915s (-2.2%)	0.804s	31	1.23x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.120s (~)	3.012s (~)	0.891s	30	1.24x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.288s (-22.6% 🟢)	3.008s (-3.3%)	0.720s	30	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.637s	3.008s	0.371s	30	1.54x
💻 Local	Express	2.955s (-2.0%)	3.111s (-12.3% 🟢)	0.156s	29	1.72x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	32.191s (-3.2%)	33.894s (-3.6%)	1.703s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.453s	4.009s	0.556s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.055s	4.894s	0.840s	25	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Express	4.287s (+0.6%)	5.014s (+0.8%)	0.728s	24	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4.289s (-1.1%)	5.014s (~)	0.726s	24	1.24x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.312s (-19.0% 🟢)	8.015s (-15.4% 🟢)	0.703s	15	2.12x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.402s	9.017s	0.614s	14	2.43x
💻 Local	Express	9.027s (-1.4%)	9.478s (-3.2%)	0.452s	13	2.61x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	84.946s (-3.6%)	86.731s (-3.4%)	1.785s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.274s	1.009s	0.734s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.290s (-4.0%)	1.009s (~)	0.719s	60	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.293s (-0.6%)	1.009s (~)	0.716s	60	1.07x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.397s	1.004s	0.608s	60	1.45x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.532s	1.004s	0.472s	60	1.94x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.573s (-4.1%)	1.004s (~)	0.431s	60	2.09x
💻 Local	Express	0.578s (-4.2%)	1.004s (~)	0.426s	60	2.11x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.892s (-24.7% 🟢)	3.591s (-10.8% 🟢)	1.700s	17	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.531s (+0.7%)	1.009s (~)	0.478s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.536s (-0.5%)	1.010s (~)	0.474s	90	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.542s	1.010s	0.467s	90	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.200s	2.006s	0.806s	45	2.26x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.431s (-1.8%)	3.007s (~)	0.577s	30	4.58x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.454s	2.976s	0.522s	31	4.62x
💻 Local	Express	2.493s (-3.4%)	3.008s (~)	0.515s	30	4.69x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.012s (-2.2%)	4.820s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.808s	19	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.908s	1.075s	0.168s	112	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.917s (+2.1%)	1.106s (+6.3% 🔺)	0.190s	109	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.920s (-2.0%)	1.204s (+1.0%)	0.284s	100	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.810s	3.058s	0.248s	40	3.10x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.224s	10.857s	0.633s	12	11.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.340s (-7.0% 🟢)	11.023s (-5.5% 🟢)	0.683s	11	11.39x
💻 Local	Express	11.004s (-2.5%)	11.480s (-4.6%)	0.476s	11	12.13x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	7.710s (+6.0% 🔺)	9.300s (+3.9%)	1.590s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.139s (-29.2% 🟢)	1.003s (~)	0.009s (-20.3% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.876s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.172s	1.000s	0.002s	1.007s	0.835s	10	1.24x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.173s	1.001s	0.012s	1.017s	0.844s	10	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	0.199s (-2.6%)	1.003s (~)	0.011s (-5.9% 🟢)	1.017s (~)	0.818s	10	1.43x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.208s	1.001s	0.001s	1.012s	0.805s	10	1.49x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.208s (-12.9% 🟢)	0.997s (~)	0.001s (~)	1.013s (~)	0.804s	10	1.50x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.227s (+4.8%)	0.999s (~)	0.002s (+33.3% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.786s	10	1.63x

▲ Production (Vercel)

No data available

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.493s	1.001s	0.005s	1.013s	0.520s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.575s (-20.8% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.008s (-9.3% 🟢)	1.021s (~)	0.446s	59	1.17x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.657s	1.008s	0.010s	1.022s	0.365s	59	1.33x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.680s (-1.9%)	1.004s (~)	0.005s (+42.0% 🔺)	1.028s (~)	0.348s	59	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.697s (-3.6%)	1.004s (~)	0.010s (+168.5% 🔺)	1.033s (+0.7%)	0.337s	59	1.41x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.701s	1.010s	0.007s	1.032s	0.331s	59	1.42x
💻 Local	Express	0.722s (-7.0% 🟢)	1.009s (-1.7%)	0.010s (-1.9%)	1.022s (-1.8%)	0.300s	59	1.46x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.475s (+2.6%)	5.955s (+6.8% 🔺)	0.298s (+12.0% 🔺)	6.785s (+5.7% 🔺)	2.310s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.909s	1.016s	0.000s	1.021s	0.112s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.106s (+23.8% 🔺)	1.931s (+78.3% 🔺)	0.000s (+432.3% 🔺)	1.962s (+77.6% 🔺)	0.856s	31	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.112s	1.820s	0.000s	1.829s	0.718s	33	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.115s (+21.1% 🔺)	1.843s (+73.5% 🔺)	0.000s (-15.2% 🟢)	1.868s (+72.8% 🔺)	0.753s	33	1.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.171s (-4.4%)	2.017s (~)	0.000s (-23.1% 🟢)	2.021s (~)	0.850s	30	1.29x
💻 Local	Express	1.235s (-1.8%)	2.020s (~)	0.000s (-29.4% 🟢)	2.023s (~)	0.788s	30	1.36x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.236s	2.018s	0.000s	2.023s	0.787s	30	1.36x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.555s (+6.9% 🔺)	3.450s (+4.9%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	4.030s (+2.2%)	1.475s	16	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.601s	2.002s	0.000s	2.007s	0.405s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.020s (+6.8% 🔺)	2.393s (+7.8% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.425s (+8.2% 🔺)	0.405s	25	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.059s (+14.1% 🔺)	2.606s (+24.2% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.622s (+23.6% 🔺)	0.563s	23	1.29x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.259s	3.056s	0.000s	3.075s	0.816s	20	1.41x
💻 Local	Express	3.456s (~)	4.032s (-1.6%)	0.001s (~)	4.037s (-1.6%)	0.581s	15	2.16x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.541s (+6.4% 🔺)	4.096s (+3.2%)	0.001s (+92.0% 🔺)	4.101s (+3.2%)	0.559s	15	2.21x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.709s	4.297s	0.001s	4.303s	0.594s	15	2.32x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.203s (+27.9% 🔺)	5.175s (+13.3% 🔺)	0.000s (-63.6% 🟢)	5.713s (+11.1% 🔺)	1.510s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	18/21
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13/21
▲ Vercel	Express	20/20

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	15/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Redis	9/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	14/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

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📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

⚠️Community world benchmarks failed (non-blocking):

• Community Worlds: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	780	0	67	847
✅ 💻 Local Development	727	0	120	847
✅ 📦 Local Production	782	0	142	924
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	782	0	142	924
✅ 🪟 Windows	72	0	5	77
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	118	56	21	195
✅ 📋 Other	198	0	33	231
Total	3459	56	530	4045

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (56 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KM6V97RHNGXJ7J8RH88QVPJF
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V9FJJ8MERGZ04A84WCGEB
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KM6VG61F6M9H1JKAEG6GKH0N

redis (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KM6V97RHNGXJ7J8RH88QVPJF
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KM6VG61F6M9H1JKAEG6GKH0N

turso (51 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V7XGA8DDH4VSA29SE6351
• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V7XGA8DDH4VSA29SE6351
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KM6V9F5CW5NRKWQNDHF3SD3J
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V85N0JK1CSE50WS77G9Y2
• promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V8A5S7A4T02R77AFZ6ES6
• promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V8ES3XNHYSFCH322TXEGB
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V9TB724HY74HMEGAF895M
• hookWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V8TY2SYP3Z37W7MDSS5D5
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KM6V97RHNGXJ7J8RH88QVPJF
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V9FJJ8MERGZ04A84WCGEB
• sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KM6V9P6WCHK7B58Y9HAM64N1
• parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KM6VA2WK396E9QSA5QQ65DEQ
• nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KM6VA69HWDXAT0K26ZBHV0BB
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KM6VA9DAEVGBM9RH9GS7SFNX
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KM6VCCZ6XEZJQ1PM0231HSCE
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KM6VCGGVKGHCQA8K0RPQ1H43
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KM6VFHAMN8Y4EQKM7S5G3AA1
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KM6VG61F6M9H1JKAEG6GKH0N
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KM6VGWAHYJ8PCR3Y5HJ8MGMD
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KM6VHH9K9NA9FWEHK7ZCNVJW
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KM6VHTE2NSVW4CM6CZPHX364
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KM6VJ0XT1YKEGXS9DH488Q8M
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KM6VJ35KM17TA061W8XTNKQE
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KM6VJKAZC1A8XJ567ZG2BNKF
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KM6VJS52G17THK17JENAP3AM
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KM6VK0W9E8DPC9N81MYXDWBE
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KM6VK987Q3XNG6BMNS3T5ZN0
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KM6VKG4F7YJKN6T8PM3WE1FM
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KM6VKQYH8VPK4SRHMCNGWFBD
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KM6VKYRS9YW9RK8K5FZ7KDK3
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KM6VMBC40NBMAHRFDZMVS5A2
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KM6VMKPKNV0XF22FE9Q535RX
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KM6VMVW6Q6BMYPNW616RE2CV
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KM6VN5BJGXMD6C7AQ15HNTJ7
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KM6VNJ3CV07SBFA19VKJ8H3F
• sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KM6VPAG3M6ZEJQPJ08TCCVCA
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KM6VPP850JM3A0AZC4852K6A

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	70	0	7
✅ example	70	0	7
✅ express	70	0	7
✅ fastify	70	0	7
✅ hono	70	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	75	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	75	0	2
✅ nitro	70	0	7
✅ nuxt	70	0	7
✅ sveltekit	70	0	7
✅ vite	70	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	66	0	11
✅ express-stable	66	0	11
✅ fastify-stable	66	0	11
✅ hono-stable	66	0	11
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	72	0	5
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	22
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	72	0	5
✅ nitro-stable	66	0	11
✅ nuxt-stable	66	0	11
✅ sveltekit-stable	66	0	11
✅ vite-stable	66	0	11

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	66	0	11
✅ express-stable	66	0	11
✅ fastify-stable	66	0	11
✅ hono-stable	66	0	11
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	22
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	72	0	5
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	22
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	72	0	5
✅ nitro-stable	66	0	11
✅ nuxt-stable	66	0	11
✅ sveltekit-stable	66	0	11
✅ vite-stable	66	0	11

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	66	0	11
✅ express-stable	66	0	11
✅ fastify-stable	66	0	11
✅ hono-stable	66	0	11
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	22
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	72	0	5
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	22
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	72	0	5
✅ nitro-stable	66	0	11
✅ nuxt-stable	66	0	11
✅ sveltekit-stable	66	0	11
✅ vite-stable	66	0	11

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	72	0	5

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	2
❌ mongodb	52	3	5
✅ redis-dev	3	0	2
❌ redis	53	2	5
✅ turso-dev	3	0	2
❌ turso	4	51	5

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	66	0	11
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	66	0	11
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	66	0	11

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📋 View full workflow run

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❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: success
• Local Dev: failure
• Local Prod: success
• Local Postgres: success
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.