[core] Make registeredSteps a global singleton to protect against module duplication

[VaguelySerious]

Similar to #1591

Closes#1374
Closes#1373

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 48ca289

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	868	0	67	935
✅ 💻 Local Development	842	0	178	1020
✅ 📦 Local Production	842	0	178	1020
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	842	0	178	1020
✅ 🪟 Windows	77	0	8	85
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	135	60	24	219
✅ 📋 Other	213	0	42	255
Total	3819	60	675	4554

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (60 failed)

mongodb (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNAMYAYZDSXS450SQQZXRV78
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNAN6FBQR89PG3JGR9TBW0JW

redis (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNAMYAYZDSXS450SQQZXRV78
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNAN6FBQR89PG3JGR9TBW0JW

turso (56 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMX18R87XHRQTC9XFFZMCQ
• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMX18R87XHRQTC9XFFZMCQ
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KNAK08MMR4N52HCBFDQ08YE0
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMX83MK1R0J441157HW49C
• promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMXEWN0G7ZBSS8QN9TNRJ7
• promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMXH5DGS6RHR3E6VC9170B
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KNAK0NJP3WD3V01VZ212RY4X
• hookWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMXXDYWM0NDQZKF8HVC62M
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNAMYAYZDSXS450SQQZXRV78
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMYN86M29HYVM6SDMDN3NY
• sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMYVR2NWDZCAHCM9AMKG7T
• parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMZ7TQC1NGRSWAD2GPXTS7
• nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMZB5YH8F7SWZFXVMFR10V
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMZDG90HVW33YPGHCZT4MD
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KNAN26HPH0VNSF6ZQFNTMV95
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KNAN2A26YEE394X8F5GABAHS
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• error handling not registered WorkflowNotRegisteredError fails the run when workflow does not exist
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the step but workflow can catch it
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the run when not caught in workflow
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KNAN5SDAM62EXMZKGFZV6CWB
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNAN6FBQR89PG3JGR9TBW0JW
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KNAN753QGDG79ZMKRMRDE74T
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KNAN7SY0D19ZKJRNQ9WZTF1F
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KNAN82M5016JF0KGNHXCE6K9
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KNAN883PKT0F02SAA2K5E1B8
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KNAN8AE49X87BFNRWZ5B302G
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KNAN8V3W2H5EEYNKX45P3THH
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KNAN90Q71Q06BZDZET7147JW
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KNAN98EEFAWH36WEHB6030RJ
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KNAN9JHQDEMR4T1T4CEBBZ5W
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KNAN9TS8QM56TT7EZVAHK0JN
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KNANA1E90S998DBY5379PZVW
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KNANA87D02JQCHPX4J23T1CX
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KNANAJTJJSEPS947BCZBJJ0S
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KNANAWBZ25V9CVBC6YPN4A3K
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KNANB35XPSDA1YBZDWE8PQ90
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KNANBCBRZK0H4XGQZM7MT5CS
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KNANBRBQ5ED0NH9FCJQEPSG0
• sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KNANCCHQW8CWXZCAVXCM0VYV
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KNANCQ4HBKQMW20DSF6TH682
• importMetaUrlWorkflow - import.meta.url is available in step bundles | wrun_01KNANCXWQ3S2SNXFRQX9C5MCY
• metadataFromHelperWorkflow - getWorkflowMetadata/getStepMetadata work from module-level helper (#1577) | wrun_01KNAND0J8SCS30762CS1PK4PH

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	78	0	7
✅ example	78	0	7
✅ express	78	0	7
✅ fastify	78	0	7
✅ hono	78	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	83	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	83	0	2
✅ nitro	78	0	7
✅ nuxt	78	0	7
✅ sveltekit	78	0	7
✅ vite	78	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	71	0	14
✅ express-stable	71	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	71	0	14
✅ hono-stable	71	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	60	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	77	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	60	0	25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	77	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	71	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	71	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	71	0	14
✅ vite-stable	71	0	14

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	71	0	14
✅ express-stable	71	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	71	0	14
✅ hono-stable	71	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	60	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	77	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	60	0	25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	77	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	71	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	71	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	71	0	14
✅ vite-stable	71	0	14

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	71	0	14
✅ express-stable	71	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	71	0	14
✅ hono-stable	71	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	60	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	77	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	60	0	25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	77	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	71	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	71	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	71	0	14
✅ vite-stable	71	0	14

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	77	0	8

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	5	0	0
❌ mongodb	58	2	8
✅ redis-dev	5	0	0
❌ redis	58	2	8
✅ turso-dev	5	0	0
❌ turso	4	56	8

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	71	0	14
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	71	0	14
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	71	0	14

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.043s (-1.2%)	1.006s (~)	0.963s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.043s (-16.3% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.962s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.045s	1.005s	0.959s	10	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.052s (-22.5% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.959s	10	1.21x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.057s	1.005s	0.948s	10	1.34x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.057s	1.010s	0.953s	10	1.35x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.062s (+7.8% 🔺)	1.010s (~)	0.948s	10	1.46x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.138s	1.007s	0.869s	10	3.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.563s (-12.3% 🟢)	2.693s (+10.3% 🔺)	2.130s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.624s (+21.8% 🔺)	2.766s (-0.9%)	2.142s	10	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.099s	2.005s	0.906s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.121s (-1.9%)	2.010s (~)	0.889s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.127s (-1.3%)	2.006s (~)	0.879s	10	1.03x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.129s	2.007s	0.877s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.133s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.874s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.134s	2.012s	0.879s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.145s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.866s	10	1.04x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.298s	2.008s	0.710s	10	1.18x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.121s (-6.5% 🟢)	3.790s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.669s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.145s (+2.2%)	3.793s (-2.7%)	1.648s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.626s	11.023s	0.397s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.710s (-1.5%)	11.022s (~)	0.311s	3	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.810s	11.024s	0.214s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.879s	11.024s	0.144s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.922s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.101s	3	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.931s (-0.8%)	11.023s (-2.9%)	0.092s	3	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	10.944s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.080s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.251s	13.020s	0.769s	3	1.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	17.020s (-7.9% 🟢)	18.460s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.440s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.108s (-6.8% 🟢)	19.344s (-3.8%)	2.236s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	14.166s (-3.1%)	15.022s (~)	0.856s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.209s	15.030s	0.821s	4	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.304s	15.030s	0.726s	4	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.460s	15.027s	0.567s	4	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.479s (~)	15.021s (~)	0.543s	4	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	14.993s (~)	15.029s (~)	0.035s	4	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	15.000s (-1.4%)	15.031s (-6.2% 🟢)	0.030s	4	1.06x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.782s	18.024s	0.242s	4	1.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	31.381s (-10.2% 🟢)	32.739s (-11.6% 🟢)	1.357s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	33.500s (-0.7%)	35.727s (+1.0%)	2.227s	2	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.089s (-6.7% 🟢)	13.886s (-3.9%)	0.797s	7	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.612s	14.170s	0.558s	7	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.739s	14.026s	0.287s	7	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.885s (-0.9%)	14.305s (-2.0%)	0.420s	7	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.810s	15.026s	0.216s	6	1.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	16.479s (-4.0%)	17.033s (-5.6% 🟢)	0.554s	6	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	16.827s (+0.8%)	17.032s (~)	0.205s	6	1.29x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.308s	21.027s	0.719s	5	1.55x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	51.428s (-8.9% 🟢)	53.197s (-9.1% 🟢)	1.770s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	52.629s (-3.3%)	54.446s (-1.8%)	1.817s	2	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.201s (-5.3% 🟢)	2.011s (~)	0.811s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.245s	2.011s	0.766s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.278s (+1.4%)	2.011s (~)	0.733s	15	1.06x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.311s	2.007s	0.696s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.519s	2.006s	0.487s	15	1.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.525s (-2.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.481s	15	1.27x
💻 Local	Express	1.525s (-1.1%)	2.006s (~)	0.481s	15	1.27x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.221s	3.009s	0.787s	10	1.85x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.833s (+11.2% 🔺)	4.461s (+6.0% 🔺)	1.628s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.014s (+8.2% 🔺)	4.377s (+12.6% 🔺)	1.363s	7	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.289s (-2.3%)	3.011s (~)	0.722s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.332s (~)	3.010s (~)	0.678s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.439s	3.011s	0.572s	10	1.07x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.579s	3.008s	0.429s	10	1.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.652s	3.008s	0.356s	10	1.16x
💻 Local	Express	2.959s (-4.8%)	3.342s (-16.7% 🟢)	0.383s	9	1.29x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.974s (-4.7%)	3.342s (-14.0% 🟢)	0.368s	9	1.30x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.336s	9.763s	0.427s	4	4.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.095s (~)	4.658s (+2.9%)	1.563s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.189s (+11.7% 🔺)	5.409s (+22.6% 🔺)	2.220s	6	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.403s (-1.9%)	4.012s (~)	0.608s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.473s (~)	4.010s (~)	0.536s	8	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.661s	4.011s	0.350s	8	1.08x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.100s	4.868s	0.768s	7	1.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.643s	7.215s	0.571s	5	1.95x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.260s (-13.4% 🟢)	8.022s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.762s	4	2.13x
💻 Local	Express	8.486s (+4.1%)	9.032s (~)	0.546s	4	2.49x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.096s	20.520s	0.424s	2	5.90x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.405s (-0.7%)	5.274s (+1.5%)	1.869s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.094s (+216.2% 🔺)	15.679s (+173.2% 🔺)	2.585s	3	3.85x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.193s (-5.6% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.817s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.241s	2.009s	0.768s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.272s (+1.1%)	2.009s (~)	0.738s	15	1.07x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.311s	2.006s	0.695s	15	1.10x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.473s	2.005s	0.532s	15	1.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.503s (-4.0%)	2.006s (~)	0.503s	15	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	1.563s (+1.3%)	2.006s (~)	0.443s	15	1.31x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.122s	3.759s	0.638s	8	2.62x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.186s (-2.6%)	3.683s (+2.3%)	1.497s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.239s (-11.5% 🟢)	3.879s (-10.7% 🟢)	1.640s	8	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.298s (-1.9%)	3.010s (~)	0.712s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.336s (+0.5%)	3.011s (~)	0.675s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.399s	3.009s	0.609s	10	1.04x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.579s	3.008s	0.429s	10	1.12x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.847s	3.108s	0.261s	10	1.24x
💻 Local	Express	3.027s (-2.7%)	3.886s (~)	0.859s	8	1.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.067s (-4.6%)	3.564s (-8.3% 🟢)	0.497s	9	1.33x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.498s	9.769s	0.270s	4	4.13x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.435s (-35.0% 🟢)	3.940s (-27.1% 🟢)	1.505s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.894s (-0.7%)	4.333s (+8.5% 🔺)	1.439s	8	1.19x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.392s (-2.2%)	4.011s (~)	0.619s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.466s (~)	4.012s (~)	0.546s	8	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.641s	4.012s	0.371s	8	1.07x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.135s	5.012s	0.877s	6	1.22x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.370s	8.016s	0.647s	4	2.17x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.036s (-10.2% 🟢)	8.773s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.738s	4	2.37x
💻 Local	Express	8.801s (-2.3%)	9.522s (~)	0.721s	4	2.59x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.072s	21.021s	0.949s	2	5.92x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.089s (-3.8%)	5.187s (+5.5% 🔺)	2.097s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.656s (-0.6%)	5.615s (+9.5% 🔺)	1.959s	6	1.18x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.633s (-25.7% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.375s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.678s	1.021s	0.343s	59	1.07x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.721s	1.004s	0.284s	60	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.757s	1.007s	0.250s	60	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.812s (-1.7%)	1.007s (~)	0.194s	60	1.28x
💻 Local	Express	1.000s (~)	1.281s (-10.0% 🟢)	0.282s	47	1.58x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.019s (-0.6%)	1.720s (-10.1% 🟢)	0.701s	35	1.61x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.130s	3.007s	0.877s	20	3.37x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	9.098s (-6.1% 🟢)	10.908s (-3.8%)	1.810s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.333s (-8.9% 🟢)	10.995s (-7.3% 🟢)	1.662s	6	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.525s (-24.6% 🟢)	2.009s (-25.2% 🟢)	0.483s	45	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.707s	2.006s	0.299s	45	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.863s	2.053s	0.191s	44	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.911s (-2.6%)	2.076s (-3.5%)	0.165s	44	1.25x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.174s	3.008s	0.834s	30	1.43x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.018s (-2.3%)	3.609s (-10.0% 🟢)	0.590s	25	1.98x
💻 Local	Express	3.046s (+1.1%)	3.759s (+4.2%)	0.713s	24	2.00x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.268s	6.012s	0.744s	15	3.45x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	28.832s (-4.7%)	30.759s (-3.7%)	1.927s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	28.950s (-3.7%)	30.704s (-3.0%)	1.754s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.153s (-22.3% 🟢)	3.979s (-16.8% 🟢)	0.825s	31	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.455s	4.009s	0.553s	30	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.796s	4.044s	0.248s	30	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.889s (-3.3%)	4.111s (-9.3% 🟢)	0.221s	30	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.194s	7.953s	0.759s	16	2.28x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.941s (-5.0% 🟢)	9.325s (-6.9% 🟢)	0.384s	13	2.84x
💻 Local	Express	9.262s (+1.3%)	10.019s (+4.0%)	0.757s	12	2.94x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.371s	11.018s	0.647s	11	3.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	66.700s (-17.0% 🟢)	68.206s (-17.0% 🟢)	1.506s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	74.779s (-10.6% 🟢)	77.020s (-10.4% 🟢)	2.241s	2	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.247s (-11.2% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.761s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.257s	1.008s	0.751s	60	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.280s (+2.6%)	1.007s (~)	0.727s	60	1.13x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.327s	1.021s	0.695s	60	1.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.562s (-17.6% 🟢)	1.004s (-3.4%)	0.442s	60	2.28x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.584s	1.021s	0.437s	59	2.36x
💻 Local	Express	0.589s (+1.4%)	1.005s (~)	0.416s	60	2.38x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.127s	3.946s	0.820s	16	12.66x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.754s (-0.7%)	3.491s (-7.0% 🟢)	1.738s	18	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.915s (-4.0%)	3.925s (+2.5%)	2.010s	16	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.388s (-22.1% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.620s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.472s	1.007s	0.535s	90	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.494s (+1.0%)	1.007s (~)	0.513s	90	1.27x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.185s	2.006s	0.821s	45	3.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.414s (-4.6%)	3.009s (~)	0.595s	30	6.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.484s	3.007s	0.523s	30	6.41x
💻 Local	Express	2.587s (+1.4%)	3.009s (~)	0.422s	30	6.68x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.435s	10.015s	0.580s	9	24.34x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.791s (-16.8% 🟢)	4.360s (-13.9% 🟢)	1.569s	21	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.660s (-19.4% 🟢)	5.338s (-12.6% 🟢)	1.678s	17	1.31x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.585s (-26.1% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.423s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.760s	1.007s	0.247s	120	1.30x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.778s (+0.6%)	1.008s (~)	0.230s	120	1.33x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.788s	3.085s	0.297s	39	4.76x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.670s	10.275s	0.605s	12	16.52x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.673s (-6.0% 🟢)	11.119s (-6.9% 🟢)	0.447s	11	18.24x
💻 Local	Express	11.268s (+0.6%)	12.029s (+0.8%)	0.761s	10	19.26x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	19.922s	20.356s	0.435s	6	34.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	7.360s (-19.7% 🟢)	9.080s (-16.3% 🟢)	1.719s	14	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.700s (+5.1% 🔺)	11.029s (+13.3% 🔺)	2.329s	11	1.18x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.136s	1.002s	0.009s	1.015s	0.879s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.161s (-21.2% 🟢)	0.998s (~)	0.001s (-14.3% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.850s	10	1.18x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.186s	1.001s	0.002s	1.008s	0.822s	10	1.36x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.198s	1.001s	0.001s	1.010s	0.812s	10	1.45x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.200s (-4.3%)	0.994s (~)	0.002s (~)	1.010s (~)	0.810s	10	1.47x
💻 Local	Express	0.203s (~)	1.004s (~)	0.012s (-0.8%)	1.018s (~)	0.815s	10	1.49x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.209s (-3.9%)	1.003s (~)	0.010s (-13.5% 🟢)	1.016s (~)	0.806s	10	1.54x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.486s	0.969s	0.002s	1.009s	0.523s	10	3.57x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.689s (-5.2% 🟢)	2.873s (-1.5%)	0.387s (-27.6% 🟢)	3.853s (-6.5% 🟢)	2.164s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.747s (-12.7% 🟢)	3.084s (+3.5%)	0.497s (-26.1% 🟢)	4.198s (~)	2.451s	10	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.516s	1.000s	0.005s	1.014s	0.498s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.545s (-11.5% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.002s (-44.6% 🟢)	1.021s (~)	0.476s	59	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.565s	1.009s	0.009s	1.021s	0.457s	59	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.596s (-1.4%)	1.002s (~)	0.004s (-0.9%)	1.023s (~)	0.428s	59	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.613s	1.009s	0.007s	1.025s	0.413s	59	1.19x
💻 Local	Express	0.733s (+1.3%)	1.010s (~)	0.009s (+6.9% 🔺)	1.023s (~)	0.290s	59	1.42x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.756s (-0.6%)	1.010s (~)	0.009s (-9.1% 🟢)	1.023s (~)	0.267s	59	1.46x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.332s	1.950s	0.003s	2.013s	0.681s	30	2.58x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	4.556s (-22.5% 🟢)	6.280s (-9.4% 🟢)	0.319s (-24.9% 🟢)	7.215s (-9.0% 🟢)	2.659s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.702s (-11.6% 🟢)	6.362s (-3.8%)	0.350s (-39.8% 🟢)	7.330s (-6.7% 🟢)	2.628s	9	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.916s	1.053s	0.000s	1.080s	0.163s	56	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.925s	1.034s	0.000s	1.039s	0.114s	58	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.963s (-1.3%)	1.162s (~)	0.000s (+47.2% 🔺)	1.178s (-0.8%)	0.216s	53	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.967s (-1.1%)	1.174s (-2.0%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.186s (-4.1%)	0.219s	51	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.238s	2.018s	0.000s	2.022s	0.783s	30	1.35x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.246s (-3.8%)	2.022s (~)	0.000s (-18.2% 🟢)	2.024s (~)	0.778s	30	1.36x
💻 Local	Express	1.251s (~)	2.022s (~)	0.000s (-12.5% 🟢)	2.024s (~)	0.773s	30	1.37x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.365s	2.957s	0.000s	3.008s	0.644s	20	2.58x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.327s (+15.4% 🔺)	4.071s (+2.6%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	4.892s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.565s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.364s (+3.2%)	4.461s (+8.2% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.084s (+8.5% 🔺)	1.720s	12	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.642s	2.035s	0.000s	2.040s	0.398s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.722s (~)	2.139s (+1.9%)	0.000s (+107.1% 🔺)	2.153s (+1.9%)	0.431s	28	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.774s (+1.4%)	2.215s (+7.2% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.225s (+5.8% 🔺)	0.451s	28	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.825s	2.103s	0.000s	2.150s	0.325s	28	1.11x
💻 Local	Express	3.500s (-3.4%)	4.032s (-1.6%)	0.001s (+14.3% 🔺)	4.036s (-1.6%)	0.536s	15	2.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.577s (-4.2%)	4.167s (-1.6%)	0.000s (-36.4% 🟢)	4.171s (-1.6%)	0.594s	15	2.18x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.825s	4.297s	0.000s	4.301s	0.476s	15	2.33x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.399s	4.959s	0.000s	5.010s	0.611s	12	2.68x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.600s (-13.8% 🟢)	4.755s (-11.5% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.384s (-10.7% 🟢)	1.784s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	54.899s (+941.7% 🔺)	56.139s (+802.2% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	56.883s (+740.3% 🔺)	1.984s	6	15.25x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	17/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	19/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	16/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	20/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	10/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	17/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[vercel]

Additional Suggestion:

Incomplete rename of BUILTIN_RESPONSE_STEP_NAMES to BUILTIN_STEP_NAMES leaves a stale reference on line 73, causing TypeScript compilation errors TS6133 and TS2552 that break all builds.

[VaguelySerious]

Similar to #1591

Closes#1374
Closes#1373

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 48ca289

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	868	0	67	935
✅ 💻 Local Development	842	0	178	1020
✅ 📦 Local Production	842	0	178	1020
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	842	0	178	1020
✅ 🪟 Windows	77	0	8	85
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	135	60	24	219
✅ 📋 Other	213	0	42	255
Total	3819	60	675	4554

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (60 failed)

mongodb (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNAMYAYZDSXS450SQQZXRV78
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNAN6FBQR89PG3JGR9TBW0JW

redis (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNAMYAYZDSXS450SQQZXRV78
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNAN6FBQR89PG3JGR9TBW0JW

turso (56 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMX18R87XHRQTC9XFFZMCQ
• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMX18R87XHRQTC9XFFZMCQ
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KNAK08MMR4N52HCBFDQ08YE0
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMX83MK1R0J441157HW49C
• promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMXEWN0G7ZBSS8QN9TNRJ7
• promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMXH5DGS6RHR3E6VC9170B
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KNAK0NJP3WD3V01VZ212RY4X
• hookWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMXXDYWM0NDQZKF8HVC62M
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNAMYAYZDSXS450SQQZXRV78
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMYN86M29HYVM6SDMDN3NY
• sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMYVR2NWDZCAHCM9AMKG7T
• parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMZ7TQC1NGRSWAD2GPXTS7
• nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMZB5YH8F7SWZFXVMFR10V
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMZDG90HVW33YPGHCZT4MD
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KNAN26HPH0VNSF6ZQFNTMV95
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KNAN2A26YEE394X8F5GABAHS
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• error handling not registered WorkflowNotRegisteredError fails the run when workflow does not exist
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the step but workflow can catch it
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the run when not caught in workflow
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KNAN5SDAM62EXMZKGFZV6CWB
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNAN6FBQR89PG3JGR9TBW0JW
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KNAN753QGDG79ZMKRMRDE74T
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KNAN7SY0D19ZKJRNQ9WZTF1F
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KNAN82M5016JF0KGNHXCE6K9
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KNAN883PKT0F02SAA2K5E1B8
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KNAN8AE49X87BFNRWZ5B302G
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KNAN8V3W2H5EEYNKX45P3THH
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KNAN90Q71Q06BZDZET7147JW
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KNAN98EEFAWH36WEHB6030RJ
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KNAN9JHQDEMR4T1T4CEBBZ5W
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KNAN9TS8QM56TT7EZVAHK0JN
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KNANA1E90S998DBY5379PZVW
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KNANA87D02JQCHPX4J23T1CX
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KNANAJTJJSEPS947BCZBJJ0S
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KNANAWBZ25V9CVBC6YPN4A3K
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KNANB35XPSDA1YBZDWE8PQ90
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KNANBCBRZK0H4XGQZM7MT5CS
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KNANBRBQ5ED0NH9FCJQEPSG0
• sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KNANCCHQW8CWXZCAVXCM0VYV
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KNANCQ4HBKQMW20DSF6TH682
• importMetaUrlWorkflow - import.meta.url is available in step bundles | wrun_01KNANCXWQ3S2SNXFRQX9C5MCY
• metadataFromHelperWorkflow - getWorkflowMetadata/getStepMetadata work from module-level helper (#1577) | wrun_01KNAND0J8SCS30762CS1PK4PH

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	78	0	7
✅ example	78	0	7
✅ express	78	0	7
✅ fastify	78	0	7
✅ hono	78	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	83	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	83	0	2
✅ nitro	78	0	7
✅ nuxt	78	0	7
✅ sveltekit	78	0	7
✅ vite	78	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	71	0	14
✅ express-stable	71	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	71	0	14
✅ hono-stable	71	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	60	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	77	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	60	0	25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	77	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	71	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	71	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	71	0	14
✅ vite-stable	71	0	14

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	71	0	14
✅ express-stable	71	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	71	0	14
✅ hono-stable	71	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	60	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	77	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	60	0	25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	77	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	71	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	71	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	71	0	14
✅ vite-stable	71	0	14

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	71	0	14
✅ express-stable	71	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	71	0	14
✅ hono-stable	71	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	60	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	77	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	60	0	25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	77	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	71	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	71	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	71	0	14
✅ vite-stable	71	0	14

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	77	0	8

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	5	0	0
❌ mongodb	58	2	8
✅ redis-dev	5	0	0
❌ redis	58	2	8
✅ turso-dev	5	0	0
❌ turso	4	56	8

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	71	0	14
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	71	0	14
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	71	0	14

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.043s (-1.2%)	1.006s (~)	0.963s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.043s (-16.3% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.962s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.045s	1.005s	0.959s	10	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.052s (-22.5% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.959s	10	1.21x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.057s	1.005s	0.948s	10	1.34x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.057s	1.010s	0.953s	10	1.35x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.062s (+7.8% 🔺)	1.010s (~)	0.948s	10	1.46x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.138s	1.007s	0.869s	10	3.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.563s (-12.3% 🟢)	2.693s (+10.3% 🔺)	2.130s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.624s (+21.8% 🔺)	2.766s (-0.9%)	2.142s	10	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.099s	2.005s	0.906s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.121s (-1.9%)	2.010s (~)	0.889s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.127s (-1.3%)	2.006s (~)	0.879s	10	1.03x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.129s	2.007s	0.877s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.133s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.874s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.134s	2.012s	0.879s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.145s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.866s	10	1.04x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.298s	2.008s	0.710s	10	1.18x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.121s (-6.5% 🟢)	3.790s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.669s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.145s (+2.2%)	3.793s (-2.7%)	1.648s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.626s	11.023s	0.397s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.710s (-1.5%)	11.022s (~)	0.311s	3	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.810s	11.024s	0.214s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.879s	11.024s	0.144s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.922s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.101s	3	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.931s (-0.8%)	11.023s (-2.9%)	0.092s	3	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	10.944s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.080s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.251s	13.020s	0.769s	3	1.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	17.020s (-7.9% 🟢)	18.460s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.440s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.108s (-6.8% 🟢)	19.344s (-3.8%)	2.236s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	14.166s (-3.1%)	15.022s (~)	0.856s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.209s	15.030s	0.821s	4	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.304s	15.030s	0.726s	4	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.460s	15.027s	0.567s	4	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.479s (~)	15.021s (~)	0.543s	4	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	14.993s (~)	15.029s (~)	0.035s	4	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	15.000s (-1.4%)	15.031s (-6.2% 🟢)	0.030s	4	1.06x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.782s	18.024s	0.242s	4	1.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	31.381s (-10.2% 🟢)	32.739s (-11.6% 🟢)	1.357s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	33.500s (-0.7%)	35.727s (+1.0%)	2.227s	2	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.089s (-6.7% 🟢)	13.886s (-3.9%)	0.797s	7	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.612s	14.170s	0.558s	7	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.739s	14.026s	0.287s	7	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.885s (-0.9%)	14.305s (-2.0%)	0.420s	7	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.810s	15.026s	0.216s	6	1.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	16.479s (-4.0%)	17.033s (-5.6% 🟢)	0.554s	6	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	16.827s (+0.8%)	17.032s (~)	0.205s	6	1.29x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.308s	21.027s	0.719s	5	1.55x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	51.428s (-8.9% 🟢)	53.197s (-9.1% 🟢)	1.770s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	52.629s (-3.3%)	54.446s (-1.8%)	1.817s	2	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.201s (-5.3% 🟢)	2.011s (~)	0.811s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.245s	2.011s	0.766s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.278s (+1.4%)	2.011s (~)	0.733s	15	1.06x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.311s	2.007s	0.696s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.519s	2.006s	0.487s	15	1.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.525s (-2.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.481s	15	1.27x
💻 Local	Express	1.525s (-1.1%)	2.006s (~)	0.481s	15	1.27x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.221s	3.009s	0.787s	10	1.85x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.833s (+11.2% 🔺)	4.461s (+6.0% 🔺)	1.628s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.014s (+8.2% 🔺)	4.377s (+12.6% 🔺)	1.363s	7	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.289s (-2.3%)	3.011s (~)	0.722s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.332s (~)	3.010s (~)	0.678s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.439s	3.011s	0.572s	10	1.07x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.579s	3.008s	0.429s	10	1.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.652s	3.008s	0.356s	10	1.16x
💻 Local	Express	2.959s (-4.8%)	3.342s (-16.7% 🟢)	0.383s	9	1.29x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.974s (-4.7%)	3.342s (-14.0% 🟢)	0.368s	9	1.30x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.336s	9.763s	0.427s	4	4.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.095s (~)	4.658s (+2.9%)	1.563s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.189s (+11.7% 🔺)	5.409s (+22.6% 🔺)	2.220s	6	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.403s (-1.9%)	4.012s (~)	0.608s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.473s (~)	4.010s (~)	0.536s	8	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.661s	4.011s	0.350s	8	1.08x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.100s	4.868s	0.768s	7	1.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.643s	7.215s	0.571s	5	1.95x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.260s (-13.4% 🟢)	8.022s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.762s	4	2.13x
💻 Local	Express	8.486s (+4.1%)	9.032s (~)	0.546s	4	2.49x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.096s	20.520s	0.424s	2	5.90x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.405s (-0.7%)	5.274s (+1.5%)	1.869s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.094s (+216.2% 🔺)	15.679s (+173.2% 🔺)	2.585s	3	3.85x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.193s (-5.6% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.817s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.241s	2.009s	0.768s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.272s (+1.1%)	2.009s (~)	0.738s	15	1.07x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.311s	2.006s	0.695s	15	1.10x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.473s	2.005s	0.532s	15	1.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.503s (-4.0%)	2.006s (~)	0.503s	15	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	1.563s (+1.3%)	2.006s (~)	0.443s	15	1.31x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.122s	3.759s	0.638s	8	2.62x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.186s (-2.6%)	3.683s (+2.3%)	1.497s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.239s (-11.5% 🟢)	3.879s (-10.7% 🟢)	1.640s	8	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.298s (-1.9%)	3.010s (~)	0.712s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.336s (+0.5%)	3.011s (~)	0.675s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.399s	3.009s	0.609s	10	1.04x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.579s	3.008s	0.429s	10	1.12x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.847s	3.108s	0.261s	10	1.24x
💻 Local	Express	3.027s (-2.7%)	3.886s (~)	0.859s	8	1.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.067s (-4.6%)	3.564s (-8.3% 🟢)	0.497s	9	1.33x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.498s	9.769s	0.270s	4	4.13x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.435s (-35.0% 🟢)	3.940s (-27.1% 🟢)	1.505s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.894s (-0.7%)	4.333s (+8.5% 🔺)	1.439s	8	1.19x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.392s (-2.2%)	4.011s (~)	0.619s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.466s (~)	4.012s (~)	0.546s	8	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.641s	4.012s	0.371s	8	1.07x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.135s	5.012s	0.877s	6	1.22x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.370s	8.016s	0.647s	4	2.17x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.036s (-10.2% 🟢)	8.773s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.738s	4	2.37x
💻 Local	Express	8.801s (-2.3%)	9.522s (~)	0.721s	4	2.59x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.072s	21.021s	0.949s	2	5.92x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.089s (-3.8%)	5.187s (+5.5% 🔺)	2.097s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.656s (-0.6%)	5.615s (+9.5% 🔺)	1.959s	6	1.18x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.633s (-25.7% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.375s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.678s	1.021s	0.343s	59	1.07x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.721s	1.004s	0.284s	60	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.757s	1.007s	0.250s	60	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.812s (-1.7%)	1.007s (~)	0.194s	60	1.28x
💻 Local	Express	1.000s (~)	1.281s (-10.0% 🟢)	0.282s	47	1.58x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.019s (-0.6%)	1.720s (-10.1% 🟢)	0.701s	35	1.61x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.130s	3.007s	0.877s	20	3.37x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	9.098s (-6.1% 🟢)	10.908s (-3.8%)	1.810s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.333s (-8.9% 🟢)	10.995s (-7.3% 🟢)	1.662s	6	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.525s (-24.6% 🟢)	2.009s (-25.2% 🟢)	0.483s	45	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.707s	2.006s	0.299s	45	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.863s	2.053s	0.191s	44	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.911s (-2.6%)	2.076s (-3.5%)	0.165s	44	1.25x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.174s	3.008s	0.834s	30	1.43x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.018s (-2.3%)	3.609s (-10.0% 🟢)	0.590s	25	1.98x
💻 Local	Express	3.046s (+1.1%)	3.759s (+4.2%)	0.713s	24	2.00x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.268s	6.012s	0.744s	15	3.45x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	28.832s (-4.7%)	30.759s (-3.7%)	1.927s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	28.950s (-3.7%)	30.704s (-3.0%)	1.754s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.153s (-22.3% 🟢)	3.979s (-16.8% 🟢)	0.825s	31	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.455s	4.009s	0.553s	30	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.796s	4.044s	0.248s	30	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.889s (-3.3%)	4.111s (-9.3% 🟢)	0.221s	30	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.194s	7.953s	0.759s	16	2.28x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.941s (-5.0% 🟢)	9.325s (-6.9% 🟢)	0.384s	13	2.84x
💻 Local	Express	9.262s (+1.3%)	10.019s (+4.0%)	0.757s	12	2.94x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.371s	11.018s	0.647s	11	3.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	66.700s (-17.0% 🟢)	68.206s (-17.0% 🟢)	1.506s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	74.779s (-10.6% 🟢)	77.020s (-10.4% 🟢)	2.241s	2	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.247s (-11.2% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.761s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.257s	1.008s	0.751s	60	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.280s (+2.6%)	1.007s (~)	0.727s	60	1.13x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.327s	1.021s	0.695s	60	1.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.562s (-17.6% 🟢)	1.004s (-3.4%)	0.442s	60	2.28x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.584s	1.021s	0.437s	59	2.36x
💻 Local	Express	0.589s (+1.4%)	1.005s (~)	0.416s	60	2.38x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.127s	3.946s	0.820s	16	12.66x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.754s (-0.7%)	3.491s (-7.0% 🟢)	1.738s	18	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.915s (-4.0%)	3.925s (+2.5%)	2.010s	16	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.388s (-22.1% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.620s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.472s	1.007s	0.535s	90	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.494s (+1.0%)	1.007s (~)	0.513s	90	1.27x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.185s	2.006s	0.821s	45	3.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.414s (-4.6%)	3.009s (~)	0.595s	30	6.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.484s	3.007s	0.523s	30	6.41x
💻 Local	Express	2.587s (+1.4%)	3.009s (~)	0.422s	30	6.68x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.435s	10.015s	0.580s	9	24.34x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.791s (-16.8% 🟢)	4.360s (-13.9% 🟢)	1.569s	21	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.660s (-19.4% 🟢)	5.338s (-12.6% 🟢)	1.678s	17	1.31x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.585s (-26.1% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.423s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.760s	1.007s	0.247s	120	1.30x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.778s (+0.6%)	1.008s (~)	0.230s	120	1.33x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.788s	3.085s	0.297s	39	4.76x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.670s	10.275s	0.605s	12	16.52x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.673s (-6.0% 🟢)	11.119s (-6.9% 🟢)	0.447s	11	18.24x
💻 Local	Express	11.268s (+0.6%)	12.029s (+0.8%)	0.761s	10	19.26x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	19.922s	20.356s	0.435s	6	34.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	7.360s (-19.7% 🟢)	9.080s (-16.3% 🟢)	1.719s	14	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.700s (+5.1% 🔺)	11.029s (+13.3% 🔺)	2.329s	11	1.18x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.136s	1.002s	0.009s	1.015s	0.879s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.161s (-21.2% 🟢)	0.998s (~)	0.001s (-14.3% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.850s	10	1.18x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.186s	1.001s	0.002s	1.008s	0.822s	10	1.36x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.198s	1.001s	0.001s	1.010s	0.812s	10	1.45x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.200s (-4.3%)	0.994s (~)	0.002s (~)	1.010s (~)	0.810s	10	1.47x
💻 Local	Express	0.203s (~)	1.004s (~)	0.012s (-0.8%)	1.018s (~)	0.815s	10	1.49x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.209s (-3.9%)	1.003s (~)	0.010s (-13.5% 🟢)	1.016s (~)	0.806s	10	1.54x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.486s	0.969s	0.002s	1.009s	0.523s	10	3.57x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.689s (-5.2% 🟢)	2.873s (-1.5%)	0.387s (-27.6% 🟢)	3.853s (-6.5% 🟢)	2.164s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.747s (-12.7% 🟢)	3.084s (+3.5%)	0.497s (-26.1% 🟢)	4.198s (~)	2.451s	10	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.516s	1.000s	0.005s	1.014s	0.498s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.545s (-11.5% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.002s (-44.6% 🟢)	1.021s (~)	0.476s	59	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.565s	1.009s	0.009s	1.021s	0.457s	59	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.596s (-1.4%)	1.002s (~)	0.004s (-0.9%)	1.023s (~)	0.428s	59	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.613s	1.009s	0.007s	1.025s	0.413s	59	1.19x
💻 Local	Express	0.733s (+1.3%)	1.010s (~)	0.009s (+6.9% 🔺)	1.023s (~)	0.290s	59	1.42x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.756s (-0.6%)	1.010s (~)	0.009s (-9.1% 🟢)	1.023s (~)	0.267s	59	1.46x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.332s	1.950s	0.003s	2.013s	0.681s	30	2.58x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	4.556s (-22.5% 🟢)	6.280s (-9.4% 🟢)	0.319s (-24.9% 🟢)	7.215s (-9.0% 🟢)	2.659s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.702s (-11.6% 🟢)	6.362s (-3.8%)	0.350s (-39.8% 🟢)	7.330s (-6.7% 🟢)	2.628s	9	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.916s	1.053s	0.000s	1.080s	0.163s	56	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.925s	1.034s	0.000s	1.039s	0.114s	58	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.963s (-1.3%)	1.162s (~)	0.000s (+47.2% 🔺)	1.178s (-0.8%)	0.216s	53	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.967s (-1.1%)	1.174s (-2.0%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.186s (-4.1%)	0.219s	51	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.238s	2.018s	0.000s	2.022s	0.783s	30	1.35x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.246s (-3.8%)	2.022s (~)	0.000s (-18.2% 🟢)	2.024s (~)	0.778s	30	1.36x
💻 Local	Express	1.251s (~)	2.022s (~)	0.000s (-12.5% 🟢)	2.024s (~)	0.773s	30	1.37x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.365s	2.957s	0.000s	3.008s	0.644s	20	2.58x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.327s (+15.4% 🔺)	4.071s (+2.6%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	4.892s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.565s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.364s (+3.2%)	4.461s (+8.2% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.084s (+8.5% 🔺)	1.720s	12	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.642s	2.035s	0.000s	2.040s	0.398s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.722s (~)	2.139s (+1.9%)	0.000s (+107.1% 🔺)	2.153s (+1.9%)	0.431s	28	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.774s (+1.4%)	2.215s (+7.2% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.225s (+5.8% 🔺)	0.451s	28	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.825s	2.103s	0.000s	2.150s	0.325s	28	1.11x
💻 Local	Express	3.500s (-3.4%)	4.032s (-1.6%)	0.001s (+14.3% 🔺)	4.036s (-1.6%)	0.536s	15	2.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.577s (-4.2%)	4.167s (-1.6%)	0.000s (-36.4% 🟢)	4.171s (-1.6%)	0.594s	15	2.18x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.825s	4.297s	0.000s	4.301s	0.476s	15	2.33x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.399s	4.959s	0.000s	5.010s	0.611s	12	2.68x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.600s (-13.8% 🟢)	4.755s (-11.5% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.384s (-10.7% 🟢)	1.784s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	54.899s (+941.7% 🔺)	56.139s (+802.2% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	56.883s (+740.3% 🔺)	1.984s	6	15.25x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	17/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	19/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	16/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	20/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	10/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	17/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[vercel]

Additional Suggestion:

Incomplete rename of BUILTIN_RESPONSE_STEP_NAMES to BUILTIN_STEP_NAMES leaves a stale reference on line 73, causing TypeScript compilation errors TS6133 and TS2552 that break all builds.

[VaguelySerious]

Similar to #1591

Closes#1374
Closes#1373

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 48ca289

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	868	0	67	935
✅ 💻 Local Development	842	0	178	1020
✅ 📦 Local Production	842	0	178	1020
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	842	0	178	1020
✅ 🪟 Windows	77	0	8	85
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	135	60	24	219
✅ 📋 Other	213	0	42	255
Total	3819	60	675	4554

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (60 failed)

mongodb (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNAMYAYZDSXS450SQQZXRV78
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNAN6FBQR89PG3JGR9TBW0JW

redis (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNAMYAYZDSXS450SQQZXRV78
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNAN6FBQR89PG3JGR9TBW0JW

turso (56 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMX18R87XHRQTC9XFFZMCQ
• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMX18R87XHRQTC9XFFZMCQ
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KNAK08MMR4N52HCBFDQ08YE0
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMX83MK1R0J441157HW49C
• promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMXEWN0G7ZBSS8QN9TNRJ7
• promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMXH5DGS6RHR3E6VC9170B
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KNAK0NJP3WD3V01VZ212RY4X
• hookWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMXXDYWM0NDQZKF8HVC62M
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNAMYAYZDSXS450SQQZXRV78
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMYN86M29HYVM6SDMDN3NY
• sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMYVR2NWDZCAHCM9AMKG7T
• parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMZ7TQC1NGRSWAD2GPXTS7
• nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMZB5YH8F7SWZFXVMFR10V
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMZDG90HVW33YPGHCZT4MD
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KNAN26HPH0VNSF6ZQFNTMV95
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KNAN2A26YEE394X8F5GABAHS
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• error handling not registered WorkflowNotRegisteredError fails the run when workflow does not exist
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the step but workflow can catch it
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the run when not caught in workflow
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KNAN5SDAM62EXMZKGFZV6CWB
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNAN6FBQR89PG3JGR9TBW0JW
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KNAN753QGDG79ZMKRMRDE74T
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KNAN7SY0D19ZKJRNQ9WZTF1F
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KNAN82M5016JF0KGNHXCE6K9
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KNAN883PKT0F02SAA2K5E1B8
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KNAN8AE49X87BFNRWZ5B302G
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KNAN8V3W2H5EEYNKX45P3THH
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KNAN90Q71Q06BZDZET7147JW
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KNAN98EEFAWH36WEHB6030RJ
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KNAN9JHQDEMR4T1T4CEBBZ5W
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KNAN9TS8QM56TT7EZVAHK0JN
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KNANA1E90S998DBY5379PZVW
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KNANA87D02JQCHPX4J23T1CX
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KNANAJTJJSEPS947BCZBJJ0S
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KNANAWBZ25V9CVBC6YPN4A3K
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KNANB35XPSDA1YBZDWE8PQ90
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KNANBCBRZK0H4XGQZM7MT5CS
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KNANBRBQ5ED0NH9FCJQEPSG0
• sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KNANCCHQW8CWXZCAVXCM0VYV
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KNANCQ4HBKQMW20DSF6TH682
• importMetaUrlWorkflow - import.meta.url is available in step bundles | wrun_01KNANCXWQ3S2SNXFRQX9C5MCY
• metadataFromHelperWorkflow - getWorkflowMetadata/getStepMetadata work from module-level helper (#1577) | wrun_01KNAND0J8SCS30762CS1PK4PH

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	78	0	7
✅ example	78	0	7
✅ express	78	0	7
✅ fastify	78	0	7
✅ hono	78	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	83	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	83	0	2
✅ nitro	78	0	7
✅ nuxt	78	0	7
✅ sveltekit	78	0	7
✅ vite	78	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	71	0	14
✅ express-stable	71	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	71	0	14
✅ hono-stable	71	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	60	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	77	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	60	0	25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	77	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	71	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	71	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	71	0	14
✅ vite-stable	71	0	14

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	71	0	14
✅ express-stable	71	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	71	0	14
✅ hono-stable	71	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	60	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	77	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	60	0	25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	77	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	71	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	71	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	71	0	14
✅ vite-stable	71	0	14

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	71	0	14
✅ express-stable	71	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	71	0	14
✅ hono-stable	71	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	60	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	77	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	60	0	25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	77	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	71	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	71	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	71	0	14
✅ vite-stable	71	0	14

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	77	0	8

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	5	0	0
❌ mongodb	58	2	8
✅ redis-dev	5	0	0
❌ redis	58	2	8
✅ turso-dev	5	0	0
❌ turso	4	56	8

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	71	0	14
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	71	0	14
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	71	0	14

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.043s (-1.2%)	1.006s (~)	0.963s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.043s (-16.3% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.962s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.045s	1.005s	0.959s	10	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.052s (-22.5% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.959s	10	1.21x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.057s	1.005s	0.948s	10	1.34x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.057s	1.010s	0.953s	10	1.35x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.062s (+7.8% 🔺)	1.010s (~)	0.948s	10	1.46x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.138s	1.007s	0.869s	10	3.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.563s (-12.3% 🟢)	2.693s (+10.3% 🔺)	2.130s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.624s (+21.8% 🔺)	2.766s (-0.9%)	2.142s	10	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.099s	2.005s	0.906s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.121s (-1.9%)	2.010s (~)	0.889s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.127s (-1.3%)	2.006s (~)	0.879s	10	1.03x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.129s	2.007s	0.877s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.133s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.874s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.134s	2.012s	0.879s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.145s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.866s	10	1.04x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.298s	2.008s	0.710s	10	1.18x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.121s (-6.5% 🟢)	3.790s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.669s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.145s (+2.2%)	3.793s (-2.7%)	1.648s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.626s	11.023s	0.397s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.710s (-1.5%)	11.022s (~)	0.311s	3	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.810s	11.024s	0.214s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.879s	11.024s	0.144s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.922s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.101s	3	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.931s (-0.8%)	11.023s (-2.9%)	0.092s	3	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	10.944s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.080s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.251s	13.020s	0.769s	3	1.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	17.020s (-7.9% 🟢)	18.460s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.440s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.108s (-6.8% 🟢)	19.344s (-3.8%)	2.236s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	14.166s (-3.1%)	15.022s (~)	0.856s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.209s	15.030s	0.821s	4	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.304s	15.030s	0.726s	4	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.460s	15.027s	0.567s	4	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.479s (~)	15.021s (~)	0.543s	4	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	14.993s (~)	15.029s (~)	0.035s	4	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	15.000s (-1.4%)	15.031s (-6.2% 🟢)	0.030s	4	1.06x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.782s	18.024s	0.242s	4	1.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	31.381s (-10.2% 🟢)	32.739s (-11.6% 🟢)	1.357s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	33.500s (-0.7%)	35.727s (+1.0%)	2.227s	2	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.089s (-6.7% 🟢)	13.886s (-3.9%)	0.797s	7	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.612s	14.170s	0.558s	7	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.739s	14.026s	0.287s	7	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.885s (-0.9%)	14.305s (-2.0%)	0.420s	7	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.810s	15.026s	0.216s	6	1.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	16.479s (-4.0%)	17.033s (-5.6% 🟢)	0.554s	6	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	16.827s (+0.8%)	17.032s (~)	0.205s	6	1.29x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.308s	21.027s	0.719s	5	1.55x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	51.428s (-8.9% 🟢)	53.197s (-9.1% 🟢)	1.770s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	52.629s (-3.3%)	54.446s (-1.8%)	1.817s	2	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.201s (-5.3% 🟢)	2.011s (~)	0.811s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.245s	2.011s	0.766s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.278s (+1.4%)	2.011s (~)	0.733s	15	1.06x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.311s	2.007s	0.696s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.519s	2.006s	0.487s	15	1.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.525s (-2.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.481s	15	1.27x
💻 Local	Express	1.525s (-1.1%)	2.006s (~)	0.481s	15	1.27x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.221s	3.009s	0.787s	10	1.85x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.833s (+11.2% 🔺)	4.461s (+6.0% 🔺)	1.628s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.014s (+8.2% 🔺)	4.377s (+12.6% 🔺)	1.363s	7	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.289s (-2.3%)	3.011s (~)	0.722s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.332s (~)	3.010s (~)	0.678s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.439s	3.011s	0.572s	10	1.07x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.579s	3.008s	0.429s	10	1.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.652s	3.008s	0.356s	10	1.16x
💻 Local	Express	2.959s (-4.8%)	3.342s (-16.7% 🟢)	0.383s	9	1.29x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.974s (-4.7%)	3.342s (-14.0% 🟢)	0.368s	9	1.30x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.336s	9.763s	0.427s	4	4.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.095s (~)	4.658s (+2.9%)	1.563s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.189s (+11.7% 🔺)	5.409s (+22.6% 🔺)	2.220s	6	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.403s (-1.9%)	4.012s (~)	0.608s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.473s (~)	4.010s (~)	0.536s	8	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.661s	4.011s	0.350s	8	1.08x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.100s	4.868s	0.768s	7	1.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.643s	7.215s	0.571s	5	1.95x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.260s (-13.4% 🟢)	8.022s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.762s	4	2.13x
💻 Local	Express	8.486s (+4.1%)	9.032s (~)	0.546s	4	2.49x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.096s	20.520s	0.424s	2	5.90x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.405s (-0.7%)	5.274s (+1.5%)	1.869s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.094s (+216.2% 🔺)	15.679s (+173.2% 🔺)	2.585s	3	3.85x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.193s (-5.6% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.817s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.241s	2.009s	0.768s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.272s (+1.1%)	2.009s (~)	0.738s	15	1.07x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.311s	2.006s	0.695s	15	1.10x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.473s	2.005s	0.532s	15	1.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.503s (-4.0%)	2.006s (~)	0.503s	15	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	1.563s (+1.3%)	2.006s (~)	0.443s	15	1.31x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.122s	3.759s	0.638s	8	2.62x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.186s (-2.6%)	3.683s (+2.3%)	1.497s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.239s (-11.5% 🟢)	3.879s (-10.7% 🟢)	1.640s	8	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.298s (-1.9%)	3.010s (~)	0.712s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.336s (+0.5%)	3.011s (~)	0.675s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.399s	3.009s	0.609s	10	1.04x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.579s	3.008s	0.429s	10	1.12x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.847s	3.108s	0.261s	10	1.24x
💻 Local	Express	3.027s (-2.7%)	3.886s (~)	0.859s	8	1.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.067s (-4.6%)	3.564s (-8.3% 🟢)	0.497s	9	1.33x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.498s	9.769s	0.270s	4	4.13x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.435s (-35.0% 🟢)	3.940s (-27.1% 🟢)	1.505s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.894s (-0.7%)	4.333s (+8.5% 🔺)	1.439s	8	1.19x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.392s (-2.2%)	4.011s (~)	0.619s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.466s (~)	4.012s (~)	0.546s	8	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.641s	4.012s	0.371s	8	1.07x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.135s	5.012s	0.877s	6	1.22x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.370s	8.016s	0.647s	4	2.17x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.036s (-10.2% 🟢)	8.773s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.738s	4	2.37x
💻 Local	Express	8.801s (-2.3%)	9.522s (~)	0.721s	4	2.59x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.072s	21.021s	0.949s	2	5.92x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.089s (-3.8%)	5.187s (+5.5% 🔺)	2.097s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.656s (-0.6%)	5.615s (+9.5% 🔺)	1.959s	6	1.18x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.633s (-25.7% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.375s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.678s	1.021s	0.343s	59	1.07x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.721s	1.004s	0.284s	60	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.757s	1.007s	0.250s	60	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.812s (-1.7%)	1.007s (~)	0.194s	60	1.28x
💻 Local	Express	1.000s (~)	1.281s (-10.0% 🟢)	0.282s	47	1.58x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.019s (-0.6%)	1.720s (-10.1% 🟢)	0.701s	35	1.61x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.130s	3.007s	0.877s	20	3.37x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	9.098s (-6.1% 🟢)	10.908s (-3.8%)	1.810s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.333s (-8.9% 🟢)	10.995s (-7.3% 🟢)	1.662s	6	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.525s (-24.6% 🟢)	2.009s (-25.2% 🟢)	0.483s	45	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.707s	2.006s	0.299s	45	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.863s	2.053s	0.191s	44	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.911s (-2.6%)	2.076s (-3.5%)	0.165s	44	1.25x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.174s	3.008s	0.834s	30	1.43x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.018s (-2.3%)	3.609s (-10.0% 🟢)	0.590s	25	1.98x
💻 Local	Express	3.046s (+1.1%)	3.759s (+4.2%)	0.713s	24	2.00x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.268s	6.012s	0.744s	15	3.45x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	28.832s (-4.7%)	30.759s (-3.7%)	1.927s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	28.950s (-3.7%)	30.704s (-3.0%)	1.754s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.153s (-22.3% 🟢)	3.979s (-16.8% 🟢)	0.825s	31	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.455s	4.009s	0.553s	30	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.796s	4.044s	0.248s	30	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.889s (-3.3%)	4.111s (-9.3% 🟢)	0.221s	30	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.194s	7.953s	0.759s	16	2.28x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.941s (-5.0% 🟢)	9.325s (-6.9% 🟢)	0.384s	13	2.84x
💻 Local	Express	9.262s (+1.3%)	10.019s (+4.0%)	0.757s	12	2.94x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.371s	11.018s	0.647s	11	3.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	66.700s (-17.0% 🟢)	68.206s (-17.0% 🟢)	1.506s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	74.779s (-10.6% 🟢)	77.020s (-10.4% 🟢)	2.241s	2	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.247s (-11.2% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.761s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.257s	1.008s	0.751s	60	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.280s (+2.6%)	1.007s (~)	0.727s	60	1.13x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.327s	1.021s	0.695s	60	1.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.562s (-17.6% 🟢)	1.004s (-3.4%)	0.442s	60	2.28x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.584s	1.021s	0.437s	59	2.36x
💻 Local	Express	0.589s (+1.4%)	1.005s (~)	0.416s	60	2.38x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.127s	3.946s	0.820s	16	12.66x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.754s (-0.7%)	3.491s (-7.0% 🟢)	1.738s	18	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.915s (-4.0%)	3.925s (+2.5%)	2.010s	16	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.388s (-22.1% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.620s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.472s	1.007s	0.535s	90	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.494s (+1.0%)	1.007s (~)	0.513s	90	1.27x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.185s	2.006s	0.821s	45	3.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.414s (-4.6%)	3.009s (~)	0.595s	30	6.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.484s	3.007s	0.523s	30	6.41x
💻 Local	Express	2.587s (+1.4%)	3.009s (~)	0.422s	30	6.68x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.435s	10.015s	0.580s	9	24.34x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.791s (-16.8% 🟢)	4.360s (-13.9% 🟢)	1.569s	21	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.660s (-19.4% 🟢)	5.338s (-12.6% 🟢)	1.678s	17	1.31x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.585s (-26.1% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.423s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.760s	1.007s	0.247s	120	1.30x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.778s (+0.6%)	1.008s (~)	0.230s	120	1.33x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.788s	3.085s	0.297s	39	4.76x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.670s	10.275s	0.605s	12	16.52x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.673s (-6.0% 🟢)	11.119s (-6.9% 🟢)	0.447s	11	18.24x
💻 Local	Express	11.268s (+0.6%)	12.029s (+0.8%)	0.761s	10	19.26x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	19.922s	20.356s	0.435s	6	34.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	7.360s (-19.7% 🟢)	9.080s (-16.3% 🟢)	1.719s	14	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.700s (+5.1% 🔺)	11.029s (+13.3% 🔺)	2.329s	11	1.18x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.136s	1.002s	0.009s	1.015s	0.879s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.161s (-21.2% 🟢)	0.998s (~)	0.001s (-14.3% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.850s	10	1.18x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.186s	1.001s	0.002s	1.008s	0.822s	10	1.36x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.198s	1.001s	0.001s	1.010s	0.812s	10	1.45x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.200s (-4.3%)	0.994s (~)	0.002s (~)	1.010s (~)	0.810s	10	1.47x
💻 Local	Express	0.203s (~)	1.004s (~)	0.012s (-0.8%)	1.018s (~)	0.815s	10	1.49x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.209s (-3.9%)	1.003s (~)	0.010s (-13.5% 🟢)	1.016s (~)	0.806s	10	1.54x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.486s	0.969s	0.002s	1.009s	0.523s	10	3.57x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.689s (-5.2% 🟢)	2.873s (-1.5%)	0.387s (-27.6% 🟢)	3.853s (-6.5% 🟢)	2.164s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.747s (-12.7% 🟢)	3.084s (+3.5%)	0.497s (-26.1% 🟢)	4.198s (~)	2.451s	10	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.516s	1.000s	0.005s	1.014s	0.498s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.545s (-11.5% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.002s (-44.6% 🟢)	1.021s (~)	0.476s	59	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.565s	1.009s	0.009s	1.021s	0.457s	59	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.596s (-1.4%)	1.002s (~)	0.004s (-0.9%)	1.023s (~)	0.428s	59	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.613s	1.009s	0.007s	1.025s	0.413s	59	1.19x
💻 Local	Express	0.733s (+1.3%)	1.010s (~)	0.009s (+6.9% 🔺)	1.023s (~)	0.290s	59	1.42x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.756s (-0.6%)	1.010s (~)	0.009s (-9.1% 🟢)	1.023s (~)	0.267s	59	1.46x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.332s	1.950s	0.003s	2.013s	0.681s	30	2.58x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	4.556s (-22.5% 🟢)	6.280s (-9.4% 🟢)	0.319s (-24.9% 🟢)	7.215s (-9.0% 🟢)	2.659s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.702s (-11.6% 🟢)	6.362s (-3.8%)	0.350s (-39.8% 🟢)	7.330s (-6.7% 🟢)	2.628s	9	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.916s	1.053s	0.000s	1.080s	0.163s	56	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.925s	1.034s	0.000s	1.039s	0.114s	58	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.963s (-1.3%)	1.162s (~)	0.000s (+47.2% 🔺)	1.178s (-0.8%)	0.216s	53	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.967s (-1.1%)	1.174s (-2.0%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.186s (-4.1%)	0.219s	51	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.238s	2.018s	0.000s	2.022s	0.783s	30	1.35x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.246s (-3.8%)	2.022s (~)	0.000s (-18.2% 🟢)	2.024s (~)	0.778s	30	1.36x
💻 Local	Express	1.251s (~)	2.022s (~)	0.000s (-12.5% 🟢)	2.024s (~)	0.773s	30	1.37x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.365s	2.957s	0.000s	3.008s	0.644s	20	2.58x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.327s (+15.4% 🔺)	4.071s (+2.6%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	4.892s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.565s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.364s (+3.2%)	4.461s (+8.2% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.084s (+8.5% 🔺)	1.720s	12	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.642s	2.035s	0.000s	2.040s	0.398s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.722s (~)	2.139s (+1.9%)	0.000s (+107.1% 🔺)	2.153s (+1.9%)	0.431s	28	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.774s (+1.4%)	2.215s (+7.2% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.225s (+5.8% 🔺)	0.451s	28	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.825s	2.103s	0.000s	2.150s	0.325s	28	1.11x
💻 Local	Express	3.500s (-3.4%)	4.032s (-1.6%)	0.001s (+14.3% 🔺)	4.036s (-1.6%)	0.536s	15	2.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.577s (-4.2%)	4.167s (-1.6%)	0.000s (-36.4% 🟢)	4.171s (-1.6%)	0.594s	15	2.18x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.825s	4.297s	0.000s	4.301s	0.476s	15	2.33x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.399s	4.959s	0.000s	5.010s	0.611s	12	2.68x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.600s (-13.8% 🟢)	4.755s (-11.5% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.384s (-10.7% 🟢)	1.784s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	54.899s (+941.7% 🔺)	56.139s (+802.2% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	56.883s (+740.3% 🔺)	1.984s	6	15.25x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	17/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	19/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	16/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	20/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	10/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	17/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[vercel]

Additional Suggestion:

Incomplete rename of BUILTIN_RESPONSE_STEP_NAMES to BUILTIN_STEP_NAMES leaves a stale reference on line 73, causing TypeScript compilation errors TS6133 and TS2552 that break all builds.

[VaguelySerious]

Similar to #1591

Closes#1374
Closes#1373

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 48ca289

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	868	0	67	935
✅ 💻 Local Development	842	0	178	1020
✅ 📦 Local Production	842	0	178	1020
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	842	0	178	1020
✅ 🪟 Windows	77	0	8	85
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	135	60	24	219
✅ 📋 Other	213	0	42	255
Total	3819	60	675	4554

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (60 failed)

mongodb (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNAMYAYZDSXS450SQQZXRV78
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNAN6FBQR89PG3JGR9TBW0JW

redis (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNAMYAYZDSXS450SQQZXRV78
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNAN6FBQR89PG3JGR9TBW0JW

turso (56 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMX18R87XHRQTC9XFFZMCQ
• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMX18R87XHRQTC9XFFZMCQ
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KNAK08MMR4N52HCBFDQ08YE0
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMX83MK1R0J441157HW49C
• promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMXEWN0G7ZBSS8QN9TNRJ7
• promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMXH5DGS6RHR3E6VC9170B
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KNAK0NJP3WD3V01VZ212RY4X
• hookWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMXXDYWM0NDQZKF8HVC62M
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNAMYAYZDSXS450SQQZXRV78
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMYN86M29HYVM6SDMDN3NY
• sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMYVR2NWDZCAHCM9AMKG7T
• parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMZ7TQC1NGRSWAD2GPXTS7
• nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMZB5YH8F7SWZFXVMFR10V
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMZDG90HVW33YPGHCZT4MD
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KNAN26HPH0VNSF6ZQFNTMV95
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KNAN2A26YEE394X8F5GABAHS
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• error handling not registered WorkflowNotRegisteredError fails the run when workflow does not exist
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the step but workflow can catch it
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the run when not caught in workflow
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KNAN5SDAM62EXMZKGFZV6CWB
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNAN6FBQR89PG3JGR9TBW0JW
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KNAN753QGDG79ZMKRMRDE74T
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KNAN7SY0D19ZKJRNQ9WZTF1F
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KNAN82M5016JF0KGNHXCE6K9
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KNAN883PKT0F02SAA2K5E1B8
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KNAN8AE49X87BFNRWZ5B302G
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KNAN8V3W2H5EEYNKX45P3THH
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KNAN90Q71Q06BZDZET7147JW
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KNAN98EEFAWH36WEHB6030RJ
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KNAN9JHQDEMR4T1T4CEBBZ5W
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KNAN9TS8QM56TT7EZVAHK0JN
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KNANA1E90S998DBY5379PZVW
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KNANA87D02JQCHPX4J23T1CX
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KNANAJTJJSEPS947BCZBJJ0S
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KNANAWBZ25V9CVBC6YPN4A3K
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KNANB35XPSDA1YBZDWE8PQ90
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KNANBCBRZK0H4XGQZM7MT5CS
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KNANBRBQ5ED0NH9FCJQEPSG0
• sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KNANCCHQW8CWXZCAVXCM0VYV
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KNANCQ4HBKQMW20DSF6TH682
• importMetaUrlWorkflow - import.meta.url is available in step bundles | wrun_01KNANCXWQ3S2SNXFRQX9C5MCY
• metadataFromHelperWorkflow - getWorkflowMetadata/getStepMetadata work from module-level helper (#1577) | wrun_01KNAND0J8SCS30762CS1PK4PH

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	78	0	7
✅ example	78	0	7
✅ express	78	0	7
✅ fastify	78	0	7
✅ hono	78	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	83	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	83	0	2
✅ nitro	78	0	7
✅ nuxt	78	0	7
✅ sveltekit	78	0	7
✅ vite	78	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	71	0	14
✅ express-stable	71	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	71	0	14
✅ hono-stable	71	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	60	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	77	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	60	0	25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	77	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	71	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	71	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	71	0	14
✅ vite-stable	71	0	14

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	71	0	14
✅ express-stable	71	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	71	0	14
✅ hono-stable	71	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	60	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	77	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	60	0	25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	77	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	71	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	71	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	71	0	14
✅ vite-stable	71	0	14

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	71	0	14
✅ express-stable	71	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	71	0	14
✅ hono-stable	71	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	60	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	77	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	60	0	25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	77	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	71	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	71	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	71	0	14
✅ vite-stable	71	0	14

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	77	0	8

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	5	0	0
❌ mongodb	58	2	8
✅ redis-dev	5	0	0
❌ redis	58	2	8
✅ turso-dev	5	0	0
❌ turso	4	56	8

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	71	0	14
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	71	0	14
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	71	0	14

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.043s (-1.2%)	1.006s (~)	0.963s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.043s (-16.3% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.962s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.045s	1.005s	0.959s	10	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.052s (-22.5% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.959s	10	1.21x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.057s	1.005s	0.948s	10	1.34x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.057s	1.010s	0.953s	10	1.35x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.062s (+7.8% 🔺)	1.010s (~)	0.948s	10	1.46x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.138s	1.007s	0.869s	10	3.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.563s (-12.3% 🟢)	2.693s (+10.3% 🔺)	2.130s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.624s (+21.8% 🔺)	2.766s (-0.9%)	2.142s	10	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.099s	2.005s	0.906s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.121s (-1.9%)	2.010s (~)	0.889s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.127s (-1.3%)	2.006s (~)	0.879s	10	1.03x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.129s	2.007s	0.877s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.133s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.874s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.134s	2.012s	0.879s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.145s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.866s	10	1.04x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.298s	2.008s	0.710s	10	1.18x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.121s (-6.5% 🟢)	3.790s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.669s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.145s (+2.2%)	3.793s (-2.7%)	1.648s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.626s	11.023s	0.397s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.710s (-1.5%)	11.022s (~)	0.311s	3	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.810s	11.024s	0.214s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.879s	11.024s	0.144s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.922s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.101s	3	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.931s (-0.8%)	11.023s (-2.9%)	0.092s	3	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	10.944s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.080s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.251s	13.020s	0.769s	3	1.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	17.020s (-7.9% 🟢)	18.460s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.440s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.108s (-6.8% 🟢)	19.344s (-3.8%)	2.236s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	14.166s (-3.1%)	15.022s (~)	0.856s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.209s	15.030s	0.821s	4	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.304s	15.030s	0.726s	4	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.460s	15.027s	0.567s	4	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.479s (~)	15.021s (~)	0.543s	4	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	14.993s (~)	15.029s (~)	0.035s	4	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	15.000s (-1.4%)	15.031s (-6.2% 🟢)	0.030s	4	1.06x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.782s	18.024s	0.242s	4	1.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	31.381s (-10.2% 🟢)	32.739s (-11.6% 🟢)	1.357s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	33.500s (-0.7%)	35.727s (+1.0%)	2.227s	2	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.089s (-6.7% 🟢)	13.886s (-3.9%)	0.797s	7	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.612s	14.170s	0.558s	7	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.739s	14.026s	0.287s	7	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.885s (-0.9%)	14.305s (-2.0%)	0.420s	7	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.810s	15.026s	0.216s	6	1.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	16.479s (-4.0%)	17.033s (-5.6% 🟢)	0.554s	6	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	16.827s (+0.8%)	17.032s (~)	0.205s	6	1.29x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.308s	21.027s	0.719s	5	1.55x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	51.428s (-8.9% 🟢)	53.197s (-9.1% 🟢)	1.770s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	52.629s (-3.3%)	54.446s (-1.8%)	1.817s	2	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.201s (-5.3% 🟢)	2.011s (~)	0.811s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.245s	2.011s	0.766s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.278s (+1.4%)	2.011s (~)	0.733s	15	1.06x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.311s	2.007s	0.696s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.519s	2.006s	0.487s	15	1.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.525s (-2.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.481s	15	1.27x
💻 Local	Express	1.525s (-1.1%)	2.006s (~)	0.481s	15	1.27x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.221s	3.009s	0.787s	10	1.85x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.833s (+11.2% 🔺)	4.461s (+6.0% 🔺)	1.628s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.014s (+8.2% 🔺)	4.377s (+12.6% 🔺)	1.363s	7	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.289s (-2.3%)	3.011s (~)	0.722s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.332s (~)	3.010s (~)	0.678s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.439s	3.011s	0.572s	10	1.07x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.579s	3.008s	0.429s	10	1.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.652s	3.008s	0.356s	10	1.16x
💻 Local	Express	2.959s (-4.8%)	3.342s (-16.7% 🟢)	0.383s	9	1.29x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.974s (-4.7%)	3.342s (-14.0% 🟢)	0.368s	9	1.30x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.336s	9.763s	0.427s	4	4.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.095s (~)	4.658s (+2.9%)	1.563s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.189s (+11.7% 🔺)	5.409s (+22.6% 🔺)	2.220s	6	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.403s (-1.9%)	4.012s (~)	0.608s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.473s (~)	4.010s (~)	0.536s	8	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.661s	4.011s	0.350s	8	1.08x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.100s	4.868s	0.768s	7	1.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.643s	7.215s	0.571s	5	1.95x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.260s (-13.4% 🟢)	8.022s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.762s	4	2.13x
💻 Local	Express	8.486s (+4.1%)	9.032s (~)	0.546s	4	2.49x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.096s	20.520s	0.424s	2	5.90x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.405s (-0.7%)	5.274s (+1.5%)	1.869s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.094s (+216.2% 🔺)	15.679s (+173.2% 🔺)	2.585s	3	3.85x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.193s (-5.6% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.817s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.241s	2.009s	0.768s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.272s (+1.1%)	2.009s (~)	0.738s	15	1.07x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.311s	2.006s	0.695s	15	1.10x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.473s	2.005s	0.532s	15	1.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.503s (-4.0%)	2.006s (~)	0.503s	15	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	1.563s (+1.3%)	2.006s (~)	0.443s	15	1.31x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.122s	3.759s	0.638s	8	2.62x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.186s (-2.6%)	3.683s (+2.3%)	1.497s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.239s (-11.5% 🟢)	3.879s (-10.7% 🟢)	1.640s	8	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.298s (-1.9%)	3.010s (~)	0.712s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.336s (+0.5%)	3.011s (~)	0.675s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.399s	3.009s	0.609s	10	1.04x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.579s	3.008s	0.429s	10	1.12x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.847s	3.108s	0.261s	10	1.24x
💻 Local	Express	3.027s (-2.7%)	3.886s (~)	0.859s	8	1.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.067s (-4.6%)	3.564s (-8.3% 🟢)	0.497s	9	1.33x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.498s	9.769s	0.270s	4	4.13x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.435s (-35.0% 🟢)	3.940s (-27.1% 🟢)	1.505s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.894s (-0.7%)	4.333s (+8.5% 🔺)	1.439s	8	1.19x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.392s (-2.2%)	4.011s (~)	0.619s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.466s (~)	4.012s (~)	0.546s	8	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.641s	4.012s	0.371s	8	1.07x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.135s	5.012s	0.877s	6	1.22x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.370s	8.016s	0.647s	4	2.17x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.036s (-10.2% 🟢)	8.773s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.738s	4	2.37x
💻 Local	Express	8.801s (-2.3%)	9.522s (~)	0.721s	4	2.59x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.072s	21.021s	0.949s	2	5.92x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.089s (-3.8%)	5.187s (+5.5% 🔺)	2.097s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.656s (-0.6%)	5.615s (+9.5% 🔺)	1.959s	6	1.18x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.633s (-25.7% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.375s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.678s	1.021s	0.343s	59	1.07x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.721s	1.004s	0.284s	60	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.757s	1.007s	0.250s	60	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.812s (-1.7%)	1.007s (~)	0.194s	60	1.28x
💻 Local	Express	1.000s (~)	1.281s (-10.0% 🟢)	0.282s	47	1.58x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.019s (-0.6%)	1.720s (-10.1% 🟢)	0.701s	35	1.61x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.130s	3.007s	0.877s	20	3.37x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	9.098s (-6.1% 🟢)	10.908s (-3.8%)	1.810s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.333s (-8.9% 🟢)	10.995s (-7.3% 🟢)	1.662s	6	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.525s (-24.6% 🟢)	2.009s (-25.2% 🟢)	0.483s	45	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.707s	2.006s	0.299s	45	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.863s	2.053s	0.191s	44	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.911s (-2.6%)	2.076s (-3.5%)	0.165s	44	1.25x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.174s	3.008s	0.834s	30	1.43x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.018s (-2.3%)	3.609s (-10.0% 🟢)	0.590s	25	1.98x
💻 Local	Express	3.046s (+1.1%)	3.759s (+4.2%)	0.713s	24	2.00x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.268s	6.012s	0.744s	15	3.45x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	28.832s (-4.7%)	30.759s (-3.7%)	1.927s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	28.950s (-3.7%)	30.704s (-3.0%)	1.754s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.153s (-22.3% 🟢)	3.979s (-16.8% 🟢)	0.825s	31	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.455s	4.009s	0.553s	30	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.796s	4.044s	0.248s	30	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.889s (-3.3%)	4.111s (-9.3% 🟢)	0.221s	30	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.194s	7.953s	0.759s	16	2.28x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.941s (-5.0% 🟢)	9.325s (-6.9% 🟢)	0.384s	13	2.84x
💻 Local	Express	9.262s (+1.3%)	10.019s (+4.0%)	0.757s	12	2.94x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.371s	11.018s	0.647s	11	3.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	66.700s (-17.0% 🟢)	68.206s (-17.0% 🟢)	1.506s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	74.779s (-10.6% 🟢)	77.020s (-10.4% 🟢)	2.241s	2	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.247s (-11.2% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.761s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.257s	1.008s	0.751s	60	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.280s (+2.6%)	1.007s (~)	0.727s	60	1.13x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.327s	1.021s	0.695s	60	1.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.562s (-17.6% 🟢)	1.004s (-3.4%)	0.442s	60	2.28x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.584s	1.021s	0.437s	59	2.36x
💻 Local	Express	0.589s (+1.4%)	1.005s (~)	0.416s	60	2.38x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.127s	3.946s	0.820s	16	12.66x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.754s (-0.7%)	3.491s (-7.0% 🟢)	1.738s	18	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.915s (-4.0%)	3.925s (+2.5%)	2.010s	16	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.388s (-22.1% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.620s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.472s	1.007s	0.535s	90	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.494s (+1.0%)	1.007s (~)	0.513s	90	1.27x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.185s	2.006s	0.821s	45	3.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.414s (-4.6%)	3.009s (~)	0.595s	30	6.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.484s	3.007s	0.523s	30	6.41x
💻 Local	Express	2.587s (+1.4%)	3.009s (~)	0.422s	30	6.68x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.435s	10.015s	0.580s	9	24.34x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.791s (-16.8% 🟢)	4.360s (-13.9% 🟢)	1.569s	21	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.660s (-19.4% 🟢)	5.338s (-12.6% 🟢)	1.678s	17	1.31x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.585s (-26.1% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.423s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.760s	1.007s	0.247s	120	1.30x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.778s (+0.6%)	1.008s (~)	0.230s	120	1.33x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.788s	3.085s	0.297s	39	4.76x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.670s	10.275s	0.605s	12	16.52x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.673s (-6.0% 🟢)	11.119s (-6.9% 🟢)	0.447s	11	18.24x
💻 Local	Express	11.268s (+0.6%)	12.029s (+0.8%)	0.761s	10	19.26x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	19.922s	20.356s	0.435s	6	34.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	7.360s (-19.7% 🟢)	9.080s (-16.3% 🟢)	1.719s	14	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.700s (+5.1% 🔺)	11.029s (+13.3% 🔺)	2.329s	11	1.18x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.136s	1.002s	0.009s	1.015s	0.879s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.161s (-21.2% 🟢)	0.998s (~)	0.001s (-14.3% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.850s	10	1.18x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.186s	1.001s	0.002s	1.008s	0.822s	10	1.36x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.198s	1.001s	0.001s	1.010s	0.812s	10	1.45x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.200s (-4.3%)	0.994s (~)	0.002s (~)	1.010s (~)	0.810s	10	1.47x
💻 Local	Express	0.203s (~)	1.004s (~)	0.012s (-0.8%)	1.018s (~)	0.815s	10	1.49x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.209s (-3.9%)	1.003s (~)	0.010s (-13.5% 🟢)	1.016s (~)	0.806s	10	1.54x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.486s	0.969s	0.002s	1.009s	0.523s	10	3.57x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.689s (-5.2% 🟢)	2.873s (-1.5%)	0.387s (-27.6% 🟢)	3.853s (-6.5% 🟢)	2.164s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.747s (-12.7% 🟢)	3.084s (+3.5%)	0.497s (-26.1% 🟢)	4.198s (~)	2.451s	10	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.516s	1.000s	0.005s	1.014s	0.498s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.545s (-11.5% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.002s (-44.6% 🟢)	1.021s (~)	0.476s	59	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.565s	1.009s	0.009s	1.021s	0.457s	59	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.596s (-1.4%)	1.002s (~)	0.004s (-0.9%)	1.023s (~)	0.428s	59	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.613s	1.009s	0.007s	1.025s	0.413s	59	1.19x
💻 Local	Express	0.733s (+1.3%)	1.010s (~)	0.009s (+6.9% 🔺)	1.023s (~)	0.290s	59	1.42x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.756s (-0.6%)	1.010s (~)	0.009s (-9.1% 🟢)	1.023s (~)	0.267s	59	1.46x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.332s	1.950s	0.003s	2.013s	0.681s	30	2.58x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	4.556s (-22.5% 🟢)	6.280s (-9.4% 🟢)	0.319s (-24.9% 🟢)	7.215s (-9.0% 🟢)	2.659s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.702s (-11.6% 🟢)	6.362s (-3.8%)	0.350s (-39.8% 🟢)	7.330s (-6.7% 🟢)	2.628s	9	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.916s	1.053s	0.000s	1.080s	0.163s	56	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.925s	1.034s	0.000s	1.039s	0.114s	58	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.963s (-1.3%)	1.162s (~)	0.000s (+47.2% 🔺)	1.178s (-0.8%)	0.216s	53	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.967s (-1.1%)	1.174s (-2.0%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.186s (-4.1%)	0.219s	51	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.238s	2.018s	0.000s	2.022s	0.783s	30	1.35x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.246s (-3.8%)	2.022s (~)	0.000s (-18.2% 🟢)	2.024s (~)	0.778s	30	1.36x
💻 Local	Express	1.251s (~)	2.022s (~)	0.000s (-12.5% 🟢)	2.024s (~)	0.773s	30	1.37x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.365s	2.957s	0.000s	3.008s	0.644s	20	2.58x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.327s (+15.4% 🔺)	4.071s (+2.6%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	4.892s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.565s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.364s (+3.2%)	4.461s (+8.2% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.084s (+8.5% 🔺)	1.720s	12	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.642s	2.035s	0.000s	2.040s	0.398s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.722s (~)	2.139s (+1.9%)	0.000s (+107.1% 🔺)	2.153s (+1.9%)	0.431s	28	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.774s (+1.4%)	2.215s (+7.2% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.225s (+5.8% 🔺)	0.451s	28	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.825s	2.103s	0.000s	2.150s	0.325s	28	1.11x
💻 Local	Express	3.500s (-3.4%)	4.032s (-1.6%)	0.001s (+14.3% 🔺)	4.036s (-1.6%)	0.536s	15	2.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.577s (-4.2%)	4.167s (-1.6%)	0.000s (-36.4% 🟢)	4.171s (-1.6%)	0.594s	15	2.18x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.825s	4.297s	0.000s	4.301s	0.476s	15	2.33x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.399s	4.959s	0.000s	5.010s	0.611s	12	2.68x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.600s (-13.8% 🟢)	4.755s (-11.5% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.384s (-10.7% 🟢)	1.784s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	54.899s (+941.7% 🔺)	56.139s (+802.2% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	56.883s (+740.3% 🔺)	1.984s	6	15.25x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	17/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	19/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	16/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	20/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	10/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	17/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[vercel]

Additional Suggestion:

Incomplete rename of BUILTIN_RESPONSE_STEP_NAMES to BUILTIN_STEP_NAMES leaves a stale reference on line 73, causing TypeScript compilation errors TS6133 and TS2552 that break all builds.

[VaguelySerious]

Similar to #1591

Closes#1374
Closes#1373

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 48ca289

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	868	0	67	935
✅ 💻 Local Development	842	0	178	1020
✅ 📦 Local Production	842	0	178	1020
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	842	0	178	1020
✅ 🪟 Windows	77	0	8	85
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	135	60	24	219
✅ 📋 Other	213	0	42	255
Total	3819	60	675	4554

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (60 failed)

mongodb (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNAMYAYZDSXS450SQQZXRV78
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNAN6FBQR89PG3JGR9TBW0JW

redis (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNAMYAYZDSXS450SQQZXRV78
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNAN6FBQR89PG3JGR9TBW0JW

turso (56 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMX18R87XHRQTC9XFFZMCQ
• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMX18R87XHRQTC9XFFZMCQ
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KNAK08MMR4N52HCBFDQ08YE0
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMX83MK1R0J441157HW49C
• promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMXEWN0G7ZBSS8QN9TNRJ7
• promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMXH5DGS6RHR3E6VC9170B
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KNAK0NJP3WD3V01VZ212RY4X
• hookWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMXXDYWM0NDQZKF8HVC62M
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNAMYAYZDSXS450SQQZXRV78
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMYN86M29HYVM6SDMDN3NY
• sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMYVR2NWDZCAHCM9AMKG7T
• parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMZ7TQC1NGRSWAD2GPXTS7
• nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMZB5YH8F7SWZFXVMFR10V
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMZDG90HVW33YPGHCZT4MD
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KNAN26HPH0VNSF6ZQFNTMV95
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KNAN2A26YEE394X8F5GABAHS
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• error handling not registered WorkflowNotRegisteredError fails the run when workflow does not exist
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the step but workflow can catch it
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the run when not caught in workflow
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KNAN5SDAM62EXMZKGFZV6CWB
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNAN6FBQR89PG3JGR9TBW0JW
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KNAN753QGDG79ZMKRMRDE74T
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KNAN7SY0D19ZKJRNQ9WZTF1F
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KNAN82M5016JF0KGNHXCE6K9
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KNAN883PKT0F02SAA2K5E1B8
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KNAN8AE49X87BFNRWZ5B302G
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KNAN8V3W2H5EEYNKX45P3THH
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KNAN90Q71Q06BZDZET7147JW
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KNAN98EEFAWH36WEHB6030RJ
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KNAN9JHQDEMR4T1T4CEBBZ5W
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KNAN9TS8QM56TT7EZVAHK0JN
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KNANA1E90S998DBY5379PZVW
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KNANA87D02JQCHPX4J23T1CX
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KNANAJTJJSEPS947BCZBJJ0S
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KNANAWBZ25V9CVBC6YPN4A3K
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KNANB35XPSDA1YBZDWE8PQ90
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KNANBCBRZK0H4XGQZM7MT5CS
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KNANBRBQ5ED0NH9FCJQEPSG0
• sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KNANCCHQW8CWXZCAVXCM0VYV
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KNANCQ4HBKQMW20DSF6TH682
• importMetaUrlWorkflow - import.meta.url is available in step bundles | wrun_01KNANCXWQ3S2SNXFRQX9C5MCY
• metadataFromHelperWorkflow - getWorkflowMetadata/getStepMetadata work from module-level helper (#1577) | wrun_01KNAND0J8SCS30762CS1PK4PH

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	78	0	7
✅ example	78	0	7
✅ express	78	0	7
✅ fastify	78	0	7
✅ hono	78	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	83	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	83	0	2
✅ nitro	78	0	7
✅ nuxt	78	0	7
✅ sveltekit	78	0	7
✅ vite	78	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	71	0	14
✅ express-stable	71	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	71	0	14
✅ hono-stable	71	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	60	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	77	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	60	0	25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	77	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	71	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	71	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	71	0	14
✅ vite-stable	71	0	14

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	71	0	14
✅ express-stable	71	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	71	0	14
✅ hono-stable	71	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	60	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	77	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	60	0	25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	77	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	71	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	71	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	71	0	14
✅ vite-stable	71	0	14

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	71	0	14
✅ express-stable	71	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	71	0	14
✅ hono-stable	71	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	60	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	77	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	60	0	25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	77	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	71	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	71	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	71	0	14
✅ vite-stable	71	0	14

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	77	0	8

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	5	0	0
❌ mongodb	58	2	8
✅ redis-dev	5	0	0
❌ redis	58	2	8
✅ turso-dev	5	0	0
❌ turso	4	56	8

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	71	0	14
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	71	0	14
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	71	0	14

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.043s (-1.2%)	1.006s (~)	0.963s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.043s (-16.3% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.962s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.045s	1.005s	0.959s	10	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.052s (-22.5% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.959s	10	1.21x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.057s	1.005s	0.948s	10	1.34x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.057s	1.010s	0.953s	10	1.35x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.062s (+7.8% 🔺)	1.010s (~)	0.948s	10	1.46x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.138s	1.007s	0.869s	10	3.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.563s (-12.3% 🟢)	2.693s (+10.3% 🔺)	2.130s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.624s (+21.8% 🔺)	2.766s (-0.9%)	2.142s	10	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.099s	2.005s	0.906s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.121s (-1.9%)	2.010s (~)	0.889s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.127s (-1.3%)	2.006s (~)	0.879s	10	1.03x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.129s	2.007s	0.877s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.133s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.874s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.134s	2.012s	0.879s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.145s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.866s	10	1.04x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.298s	2.008s	0.710s	10	1.18x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.121s (-6.5% 🟢)	3.790s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.669s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.145s (+2.2%)	3.793s (-2.7%)	1.648s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.626s	11.023s	0.397s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.710s (-1.5%)	11.022s (~)	0.311s	3	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.810s	11.024s	0.214s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.879s	11.024s	0.144s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.922s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.101s	3	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.931s (-0.8%)	11.023s (-2.9%)	0.092s	3	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	10.944s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.080s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.251s	13.020s	0.769s	3	1.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	17.020s (-7.9% 🟢)	18.460s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.440s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.108s (-6.8% 🟢)	19.344s (-3.8%)	2.236s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	14.166s (-3.1%)	15.022s (~)	0.856s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.209s	15.030s	0.821s	4	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.304s	15.030s	0.726s	4	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.460s	15.027s	0.567s	4	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.479s (~)	15.021s (~)	0.543s	4	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	14.993s (~)	15.029s (~)	0.035s	4	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	15.000s (-1.4%)	15.031s (-6.2% 🟢)	0.030s	4	1.06x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.782s	18.024s	0.242s	4	1.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	31.381s (-10.2% 🟢)	32.739s (-11.6% 🟢)	1.357s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	33.500s (-0.7%)	35.727s (+1.0%)	2.227s	2	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.089s (-6.7% 🟢)	13.886s (-3.9%)	0.797s	7	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.612s	14.170s	0.558s	7	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.739s	14.026s	0.287s	7	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.885s (-0.9%)	14.305s (-2.0%)	0.420s	7	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.810s	15.026s	0.216s	6	1.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	16.479s (-4.0%)	17.033s (-5.6% 🟢)	0.554s	6	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	16.827s (+0.8%)	17.032s (~)	0.205s	6	1.29x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.308s	21.027s	0.719s	5	1.55x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	51.428s (-8.9% 🟢)	53.197s (-9.1% 🟢)	1.770s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	52.629s (-3.3%)	54.446s (-1.8%)	1.817s	2	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.201s (-5.3% 🟢)	2.011s (~)	0.811s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.245s	2.011s	0.766s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.278s (+1.4%)	2.011s (~)	0.733s	15	1.06x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.311s	2.007s	0.696s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.519s	2.006s	0.487s	15	1.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.525s (-2.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.481s	15	1.27x
💻 Local	Express	1.525s (-1.1%)	2.006s (~)	0.481s	15	1.27x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.221s	3.009s	0.787s	10	1.85x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.833s (+11.2% 🔺)	4.461s (+6.0% 🔺)	1.628s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.014s (+8.2% 🔺)	4.377s (+12.6% 🔺)	1.363s	7	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.289s (-2.3%)	3.011s (~)	0.722s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.332s (~)	3.010s (~)	0.678s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.439s	3.011s	0.572s	10	1.07x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.579s	3.008s	0.429s	10	1.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.652s	3.008s	0.356s	10	1.16x
💻 Local	Express	2.959s (-4.8%)	3.342s (-16.7% 🟢)	0.383s	9	1.29x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.974s (-4.7%)	3.342s (-14.0% 🟢)	0.368s	9	1.30x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.336s	9.763s	0.427s	4	4.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.095s (~)	4.658s (+2.9%)	1.563s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.189s (+11.7% 🔺)	5.409s (+22.6% 🔺)	2.220s	6	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.403s (-1.9%)	4.012s (~)	0.608s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.473s (~)	4.010s (~)	0.536s	8	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.661s	4.011s	0.350s	8	1.08x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.100s	4.868s	0.768s	7	1.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.643s	7.215s	0.571s	5	1.95x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.260s (-13.4% 🟢)	8.022s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.762s	4	2.13x
💻 Local	Express	8.486s (+4.1%)	9.032s (~)	0.546s	4	2.49x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.096s	20.520s	0.424s	2	5.90x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.405s (-0.7%)	5.274s (+1.5%)	1.869s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.094s (+216.2% 🔺)	15.679s (+173.2% 🔺)	2.585s	3	3.85x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.193s (-5.6% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.817s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.241s	2.009s	0.768s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.272s (+1.1%)	2.009s (~)	0.738s	15	1.07x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.311s	2.006s	0.695s	15	1.10x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.473s	2.005s	0.532s	15	1.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.503s (-4.0%)	2.006s (~)	0.503s	15	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	1.563s (+1.3%)	2.006s (~)	0.443s	15	1.31x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.122s	3.759s	0.638s	8	2.62x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.186s (-2.6%)	3.683s (+2.3%)	1.497s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.239s (-11.5% 🟢)	3.879s (-10.7% 🟢)	1.640s	8	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.298s (-1.9%)	3.010s (~)	0.712s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.336s (+0.5%)	3.011s (~)	0.675s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.399s	3.009s	0.609s	10	1.04x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.579s	3.008s	0.429s	10	1.12x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.847s	3.108s	0.261s	10	1.24x
💻 Local	Express	3.027s (-2.7%)	3.886s (~)	0.859s	8	1.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.067s (-4.6%)	3.564s (-8.3% 🟢)	0.497s	9	1.33x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.498s	9.769s	0.270s	4	4.13x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.435s (-35.0% 🟢)	3.940s (-27.1% 🟢)	1.505s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.894s (-0.7%)	4.333s (+8.5% 🔺)	1.439s	8	1.19x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.392s (-2.2%)	4.011s (~)	0.619s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.466s (~)	4.012s (~)	0.546s	8	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.641s	4.012s	0.371s	8	1.07x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.135s	5.012s	0.877s	6	1.22x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.370s	8.016s	0.647s	4	2.17x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.036s (-10.2% 🟢)	8.773s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.738s	4	2.37x
💻 Local	Express	8.801s (-2.3%)	9.522s (~)	0.721s	4	2.59x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.072s	21.021s	0.949s	2	5.92x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.089s (-3.8%)	5.187s (+5.5% 🔺)	2.097s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.656s (-0.6%)	5.615s (+9.5% 🔺)	1.959s	6	1.18x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.633s (-25.7% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.375s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.678s	1.021s	0.343s	59	1.07x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.721s	1.004s	0.284s	60	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.757s	1.007s	0.250s	60	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.812s (-1.7%)	1.007s (~)	0.194s	60	1.28x
💻 Local	Express	1.000s (~)	1.281s (-10.0% 🟢)	0.282s	47	1.58x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.019s (-0.6%)	1.720s (-10.1% 🟢)	0.701s	35	1.61x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.130s	3.007s	0.877s	20	3.37x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	9.098s (-6.1% 🟢)	10.908s (-3.8%)	1.810s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.333s (-8.9% 🟢)	10.995s (-7.3% 🟢)	1.662s	6	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.525s (-24.6% 🟢)	2.009s (-25.2% 🟢)	0.483s	45	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.707s	2.006s	0.299s	45	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.863s	2.053s	0.191s	44	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.911s (-2.6%)	2.076s (-3.5%)	0.165s	44	1.25x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.174s	3.008s	0.834s	30	1.43x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.018s (-2.3%)	3.609s (-10.0% 🟢)	0.590s	25	1.98x
💻 Local	Express	3.046s (+1.1%)	3.759s (+4.2%)	0.713s	24	2.00x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.268s	6.012s	0.744s	15	3.45x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	28.832s (-4.7%)	30.759s (-3.7%)	1.927s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	28.950s (-3.7%)	30.704s (-3.0%)	1.754s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.153s (-22.3% 🟢)	3.979s (-16.8% 🟢)	0.825s	31	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.455s	4.009s	0.553s	30	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.796s	4.044s	0.248s	30	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.889s (-3.3%)	4.111s (-9.3% 🟢)	0.221s	30	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.194s	7.953s	0.759s	16	2.28x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.941s (-5.0% 🟢)	9.325s (-6.9% 🟢)	0.384s	13	2.84x
💻 Local	Express	9.262s (+1.3%)	10.019s (+4.0%)	0.757s	12	2.94x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.371s	11.018s	0.647s	11	3.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	66.700s (-17.0% 🟢)	68.206s (-17.0% 🟢)	1.506s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	74.779s (-10.6% 🟢)	77.020s (-10.4% 🟢)	2.241s	2	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.247s (-11.2% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.761s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.257s	1.008s	0.751s	60	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.280s (+2.6%)	1.007s (~)	0.727s	60	1.13x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.327s	1.021s	0.695s	60	1.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.562s (-17.6% 🟢)	1.004s (-3.4%)	0.442s	60	2.28x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.584s	1.021s	0.437s	59	2.36x
💻 Local	Express	0.589s (+1.4%)	1.005s (~)	0.416s	60	2.38x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.127s	3.946s	0.820s	16	12.66x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.754s (-0.7%)	3.491s (-7.0% 🟢)	1.738s	18	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.915s (-4.0%)	3.925s (+2.5%)	2.010s	16	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.388s (-22.1% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.620s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.472s	1.007s	0.535s	90	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.494s (+1.0%)	1.007s (~)	0.513s	90	1.27x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.185s	2.006s	0.821s	45	3.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.414s (-4.6%)	3.009s (~)	0.595s	30	6.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.484s	3.007s	0.523s	30	6.41x
💻 Local	Express	2.587s (+1.4%)	3.009s (~)	0.422s	30	6.68x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.435s	10.015s	0.580s	9	24.34x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.791s (-16.8% 🟢)	4.360s (-13.9% 🟢)	1.569s	21	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.660s (-19.4% 🟢)	5.338s (-12.6% 🟢)	1.678s	17	1.31x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.585s (-26.1% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.423s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.760s	1.007s	0.247s	120	1.30x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.778s (+0.6%)	1.008s (~)	0.230s	120	1.33x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.788s	3.085s	0.297s	39	4.76x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.670s	10.275s	0.605s	12	16.52x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.673s (-6.0% 🟢)	11.119s (-6.9% 🟢)	0.447s	11	18.24x
💻 Local	Express	11.268s (+0.6%)	12.029s (+0.8%)	0.761s	10	19.26x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	19.922s	20.356s	0.435s	6	34.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	7.360s (-19.7% 🟢)	9.080s (-16.3% 🟢)	1.719s	14	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.700s (+5.1% 🔺)	11.029s (+13.3% 🔺)	2.329s	11	1.18x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.136s	1.002s	0.009s	1.015s	0.879s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.161s (-21.2% 🟢)	0.998s (~)	0.001s (-14.3% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.850s	10	1.18x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.186s	1.001s	0.002s	1.008s	0.822s	10	1.36x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.198s	1.001s	0.001s	1.010s	0.812s	10	1.45x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.200s (-4.3%)	0.994s (~)	0.002s (~)	1.010s (~)	0.810s	10	1.47x
💻 Local	Express	0.203s (~)	1.004s (~)	0.012s (-0.8%)	1.018s (~)	0.815s	10	1.49x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.209s (-3.9%)	1.003s (~)	0.010s (-13.5% 🟢)	1.016s (~)	0.806s	10	1.54x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.486s	0.969s	0.002s	1.009s	0.523s	10	3.57x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.689s (-5.2% 🟢)	2.873s (-1.5%)	0.387s (-27.6% 🟢)	3.853s (-6.5% 🟢)	2.164s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.747s (-12.7% 🟢)	3.084s (+3.5%)	0.497s (-26.1% 🟢)	4.198s (~)	2.451s	10	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.516s	1.000s	0.005s	1.014s	0.498s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.545s (-11.5% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.002s (-44.6% 🟢)	1.021s (~)	0.476s	59	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.565s	1.009s	0.009s	1.021s	0.457s	59	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.596s (-1.4%)	1.002s (~)	0.004s (-0.9%)	1.023s (~)	0.428s	59	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.613s	1.009s	0.007s	1.025s	0.413s	59	1.19x
💻 Local	Express	0.733s (+1.3%)	1.010s (~)	0.009s (+6.9% 🔺)	1.023s (~)	0.290s	59	1.42x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.756s (-0.6%)	1.010s (~)	0.009s (-9.1% 🟢)	1.023s (~)	0.267s	59	1.46x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.332s	1.950s	0.003s	2.013s	0.681s	30	2.58x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	4.556s (-22.5% 🟢)	6.280s (-9.4% 🟢)	0.319s (-24.9% 🟢)	7.215s (-9.0% 🟢)	2.659s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.702s (-11.6% 🟢)	6.362s (-3.8%)	0.350s (-39.8% 🟢)	7.330s (-6.7% 🟢)	2.628s	9	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.916s	1.053s	0.000s	1.080s	0.163s	56	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.925s	1.034s	0.000s	1.039s	0.114s	58	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.963s (-1.3%)	1.162s (~)	0.000s (+47.2% 🔺)	1.178s (-0.8%)	0.216s	53	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.967s (-1.1%)	1.174s (-2.0%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.186s (-4.1%)	0.219s	51	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.238s	2.018s	0.000s	2.022s	0.783s	30	1.35x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.246s (-3.8%)	2.022s (~)	0.000s (-18.2% 🟢)	2.024s (~)	0.778s	30	1.36x
💻 Local	Express	1.251s (~)	2.022s (~)	0.000s (-12.5% 🟢)	2.024s (~)	0.773s	30	1.37x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.365s	2.957s	0.000s	3.008s	0.644s	20	2.58x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.327s (+15.4% 🔺)	4.071s (+2.6%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	4.892s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.565s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.364s (+3.2%)	4.461s (+8.2% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.084s (+8.5% 🔺)	1.720s	12	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.642s	2.035s	0.000s	2.040s	0.398s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.722s (~)	2.139s (+1.9%)	0.000s (+107.1% 🔺)	2.153s (+1.9%)	0.431s	28	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.774s (+1.4%)	2.215s (+7.2% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.225s (+5.8% 🔺)	0.451s	28	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.825s	2.103s	0.000s	2.150s	0.325s	28	1.11x
💻 Local	Express	3.500s (-3.4%)	4.032s (-1.6%)	0.001s (+14.3% 🔺)	4.036s (-1.6%)	0.536s	15	2.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.577s (-4.2%)	4.167s (-1.6%)	0.000s (-36.4% 🟢)	4.171s (-1.6%)	0.594s	15	2.18x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.825s	4.297s	0.000s	4.301s	0.476s	15	2.33x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.399s	4.959s	0.000s	5.010s	0.611s	12	2.68x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.600s (-13.8% 🟢)	4.755s (-11.5% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.384s (-10.7% 🟢)	1.784s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	54.899s (+941.7% 🔺)	56.139s (+802.2% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	56.883s (+740.3% 🔺)	1.984s	6	15.25x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	17/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	19/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	16/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	20/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	10/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	17/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[vercel]

Additional Suggestion:

Incomplete rename of BUILTIN_RESPONSE_STEP_NAMES to BUILTIN_STEP_NAMES leaves a stale reference on line 73, causing TypeScript compilation errors TS6133 and TS2552 that break all builds.

[VaguelySerious]

Similar to #1591

Closes#1374
Closes#1373

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 48ca289

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	868	0	67	935
✅ 💻 Local Development	842	0	178	1020
✅ 📦 Local Production	842	0	178	1020
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	842	0	178	1020
✅ 🪟 Windows	77	0	8	85
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	135	60	24	219
✅ 📋 Other	213	0	42	255
Total	3819	60	675	4554

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (60 failed)

mongodb (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNAMYAYZDSXS450SQQZXRV78
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNAN6FBQR89PG3JGR9TBW0JW

redis (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNAMYAYZDSXS450SQQZXRV78
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNAN6FBQR89PG3JGR9TBW0JW

turso (56 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMX18R87XHRQTC9XFFZMCQ
• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMX18R87XHRQTC9XFFZMCQ
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KNAK08MMR4N52HCBFDQ08YE0
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMX83MK1R0J441157HW49C
• promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMXEWN0G7ZBSS8QN9TNRJ7
• promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMXH5DGS6RHR3E6VC9170B
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KNAK0NJP3WD3V01VZ212RY4X
• hookWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMXXDYWM0NDQZKF8HVC62M
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNAMYAYZDSXS450SQQZXRV78
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMYN86M29HYVM6SDMDN3NY
• sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMYVR2NWDZCAHCM9AMKG7T
• parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMZ7TQC1NGRSWAD2GPXTS7
• nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMZB5YH8F7SWZFXVMFR10V
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMZDG90HVW33YPGHCZT4MD
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KNAN26HPH0VNSF6ZQFNTMV95
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KNAN2A26YEE394X8F5GABAHS
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• error handling not registered WorkflowNotRegisteredError fails the run when workflow does not exist
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the step but workflow can catch it
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the run when not caught in workflow
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KNAN5SDAM62EXMZKGFZV6CWB
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNAN6FBQR89PG3JGR9TBW0JW
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KNAN753QGDG79ZMKRMRDE74T
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KNAN7SY0D19ZKJRNQ9WZTF1F
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KNAN82M5016JF0KGNHXCE6K9
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KNAN883PKT0F02SAA2K5E1B8
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KNAN8AE49X87BFNRWZ5B302G
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KNAN8V3W2H5EEYNKX45P3THH
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KNAN90Q71Q06BZDZET7147JW
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KNAN98EEFAWH36WEHB6030RJ
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KNAN9JHQDEMR4T1T4CEBBZ5W
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KNAN9TS8QM56TT7EZVAHK0JN
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KNANA1E90S998DBY5379PZVW
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KNANA87D02JQCHPX4J23T1CX
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KNANAJTJJSEPS947BCZBJJ0S
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KNANAWBZ25V9CVBC6YPN4A3K
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KNANB35XPSDA1YBZDWE8PQ90
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KNANBCBRZK0H4XGQZM7MT5CS
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KNANBRBQ5ED0NH9FCJQEPSG0
• sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KNANCCHQW8CWXZCAVXCM0VYV
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KNANCQ4HBKQMW20DSF6TH682
• importMetaUrlWorkflow - import.meta.url is available in step bundles | wrun_01KNANCXWQ3S2SNXFRQX9C5MCY
• metadataFromHelperWorkflow - getWorkflowMetadata/getStepMetadata work from module-level helper (#1577) | wrun_01KNAND0J8SCS30762CS1PK4PH

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	78	0	7
✅ example	78	0	7
✅ express	78	0	7
✅ fastify	78	0	7
✅ hono	78	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	83	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	83	0	2
✅ nitro	78	0	7
✅ nuxt	78	0	7
✅ sveltekit	78	0	7
✅ vite	78	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	71	0	14
✅ express-stable	71	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	71	0	14
✅ hono-stable	71	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	60	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	77	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	60	0	25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	77	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	71	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	71	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	71	0	14
✅ vite-stable	71	0	14

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	71	0	14
✅ express-stable	71	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	71	0	14
✅ hono-stable	71	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	60	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	77	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	60	0	25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	77	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	71	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	71	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	71	0	14
✅ vite-stable	71	0	14

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	71	0	14
✅ express-stable	71	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	71	0	14
✅ hono-stable	71	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	60	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	77	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	60	0	25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	77	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	71	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	71	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	71	0	14
✅ vite-stable	71	0	14

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	77	0	8

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	5	0	0
❌ mongodb	58	2	8
✅ redis-dev	5	0	0
❌ redis	58	2	8
✅ turso-dev	5	0	0
❌ turso	4	56	8

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	71	0	14
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	71	0	14
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	71	0	14

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.043s (-1.2%)	1.006s (~)	0.963s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.043s (-16.3% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.962s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.045s	1.005s	0.959s	10	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.052s (-22.5% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.959s	10	1.21x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.057s	1.005s	0.948s	10	1.34x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.057s	1.010s	0.953s	10	1.35x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.062s (+7.8% 🔺)	1.010s (~)	0.948s	10	1.46x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.138s	1.007s	0.869s	10	3.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.563s (-12.3% 🟢)	2.693s (+10.3% 🔺)	2.130s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.624s (+21.8% 🔺)	2.766s (-0.9%)	2.142s	10	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.099s	2.005s	0.906s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.121s (-1.9%)	2.010s (~)	0.889s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.127s (-1.3%)	2.006s (~)	0.879s	10	1.03x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.129s	2.007s	0.877s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.133s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.874s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.134s	2.012s	0.879s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.145s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.866s	10	1.04x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.298s	2.008s	0.710s	10	1.18x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.121s (-6.5% 🟢)	3.790s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.669s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.145s (+2.2%)	3.793s (-2.7%)	1.648s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.626s	11.023s	0.397s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.710s (-1.5%)	11.022s (~)	0.311s	3	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.810s	11.024s	0.214s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.879s	11.024s	0.144s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.922s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.101s	3	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.931s (-0.8%)	11.023s (-2.9%)	0.092s	3	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	10.944s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.080s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.251s	13.020s	0.769s	3	1.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	17.020s (-7.9% 🟢)	18.460s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.440s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.108s (-6.8% 🟢)	19.344s (-3.8%)	2.236s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	14.166s (-3.1%)	15.022s (~)	0.856s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.209s	15.030s	0.821s	4	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.304s	15.030s	0.726s	4	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.460s	15.027s	0.567s	4	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.479s (~)	15.021s (~)	0.543s	4	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	14.993s (~)	15.029s (~)	0.035s	4	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	15.000s (-1.4%)	15.031s (-6.2% 🟢)	0.030s	4	1.06x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.782s	18.024s	0.242s	4	1.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	31.381s (-10.2% 🟢)	32.739s (-11.6% 🟢)	1.357s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	33.500s (-0.7%)	35.727s (+1.0%)	2.227s	2	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.089s (-6.7% 🟢)	13.886s (-3.9%)	0.797s	7	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.612s	14.170s	0.558s	7	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.739s	14.026s	0.287s	7	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.885s (-0.9%)	14.305s (-2.0%)	0.420s	7	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.810s	15.026s	0.216s	6	1.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	16.479s (-4.0%)	17.033s (-5.6% 🟢)	0.554s	6	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	16.827s (+0.8%)	17.032s (~)	0.205s	6	1.29x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.308s	21.027s	0.719s	5	1.55x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	51.428s (-8.9% 🟢)	53.197s (-9.1% 🟢)	1.770s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	52.629s (-3.3%)	54.446s (-1.8%)	1.817s	2	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.201s (-5.3% 🟢)	2.011s (~)	0.811s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.245s	2.011s	0.766s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.278s (+1.4%)	2.011s (~)	0.733s	15	1.06x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.311s	2.007s	0.696s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.519s	2.006s	0.487s	15	1.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.525s (-2.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.481s	15	1.27x
💻 Local	Express	1.525s (-1.1%)	2.006s (~)	0.481s	15	1.27x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.221s	3.009s	0.787s	10	1.85x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.833s (+11.2% 🔺)	4.461s (+6.0% 🔺)	1.628s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.014s (+8.2% 🔺)	4.377s (+12.6% 🔺)	1.363s	7	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.289s (-2.3%)	3.011s (~)	0.722s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.332s (~)	3.010s (~)	0.678s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.439s	3.011s	0.572s	10	1.07x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.579s	3.008s	0.429s	10	1.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.652s	3.008s	0.356s	10	1.16x
💻 Local	Express	2.959s (-4.8%)	3.342s (-16.7% 🟢)	0.383s	9	1.29x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.974s (-4.7%)	3.342s (-14.0% 🟢)	0.368s	9	1.30x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.336s	9.763s	0.427s	4	4.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.095s (~)	4.658s (+2.9%)	1.563s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.189s (+11.7% 🔺)	5.409s (+22.6% 🔺)	2.220s	6	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.403s (-1.9%)	4.012s (~)	0.608s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.473s (~)	4.010s (~)	0.536s	8	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.661s	4.011s	0.350s	8	1.08x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.100s	4.868s	0.768s	7	1.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.643s	7.215s	0.571s	5	1.95x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.260s (-13.4% 🟢)	8.022s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.762s	4	2.13x
💻 Local	Express	8.486s (+4.1%)	9.032s (~)	0.546s	4	2.49x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.096s	20.520s	0.424s	2	5.90x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.405s (-0.7%)	5.274s (+1.5%)	1.869s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.094s (+216.2% 🔺)	15.679s (+173.2% 🔺)	2.585s	3	3.85x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.193s (-5.6% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.817s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.241s	2.009s	0.768s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.272s (+1.1%)	2.009s (~)	0.738s	15	1.07x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.311s	2.006s	0.695s	15	1.10x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.473s	2.005s	0.532s	15	1.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.503s (-4.0%)	2.006s (~)	0.503s	15	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	1.563s (+1.3%)	2.006s (~)	0.443s	15	1.31x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.122s	3.759s	0.638s	8	2.62x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.186s (-2.6%)	3.683s (+2.3%)	1.497s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.239s (-11.5% 🟢)	3.879s (-10.7% 🟢)	1.640s	8	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.298s (-1.9%)	3.010s (~)	0.712s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.336s (+0.5%)	3.011s (~)	0.675s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.399s	3.009s	0.609s	10	1.04x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.579s	3.008s	0.429s	10	1.12x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.847s	3.108s	0.261s	10	1.24x
💻 Local	Express	3.027s (-2.7%)	3.886s (~)	0.859s	8	1.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.067s (-4.6%)	3.564s (-8.3% 🟢)	0.497s	9	1.33x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.498s	9.769s	0.270s	4	4.13x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.435s (-35.0% 🟢)	3.940s (-27.1% 🟢)	1.505s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.894s (-0.7%)	4.333s (+8.5% 🔺)	1.439s	8	1.19x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.392s (-2.2%)	4.011s (~)	0.619s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.466s (~)	4.012s (~)	0.546s	8	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.641s	4.012s	0.371s	8	1.07x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.135s	5.012s	0.877s	6	1.22x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.370s	8.016s	0.647s	4	2.17x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.036s (-10.2% 🟢)	8.773s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.738s	4	2.37x
💻 Local	Express	8.801s (-2.3%)	9.522s (~)	0.721s	4	2.59x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.072s	21.021s	0.949s	2	5.92x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.089s (-3.8%)	5.187s (+5.5% 🔺)	2.097s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.656s (-0.6%)	5.615s (+9.5% 🔺)	1.959s	6	1.18x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.633s (-25.7% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.375s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.678s	1.021s	0.343s	59	1.07x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.721s	1.004s	0.284s	60	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.757s	1.007s	0.250s	60	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.812s (-1.7%)	1.007s (~)	0.194s	60	1.28x
💻 Local	Express	1.000s (~)	1.281s (-10.0% 🟢)	0.282s	47	1.58x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.019s (-0.6%)	1.720s (-10.1% 🟢)	0.701s	35	1.61x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.130s	3.007s	0.877s	20	3.37x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	9.098s (-6.1% 🟢)	10.908s (-3.8%)	1.810s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.333s (-8.9% 🟢)	10.995s (-7.3% 🟢)	1.662s	6	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.525s (-24.6% 🟢)	2.009s (-25.2% 🟢)	0.483s	45	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.707s	2.006s	0.299s	45	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.863s	2.053s	0.191s	44	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.911s (-2.6%)	2.076s (-3.5%)	0.165s	44	1.25x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.174s	3.008s	0.834s	30	1.43x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.018s (-2.3%)	3.609s (-10.0% 🟢)	0.590s	25	1.98x
💻 Local	Express	3.046s (+1.1%)	3.759s (+4.2%)	0.713s	24	2.00x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.268s	6.012s	0.744s	15	3.45x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	28.832s (-4.7%)	30.759s (-3.7%)	1.927s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	28.950s (-3.7%)	30.704s (-3.0%)	1.754s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.153s (-22.3% 🟢)	3.979s (-16.8% 🟢)	0.825s	31	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.455s	4.009s	0.553s	30	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.796s	4.044s	0.248s	30	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.889s (-3.3%)	4.111s (-9.3% 🟢)	0.221s	30	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.194s	7.953s	0.759s	16	2.28x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.941s (-5.0% 🟢)	9.325s (-6.9% 🟢)	0.384s	13	2.84x
💻 Local	Express	9.262s (+1.3%)	10.019s (+4.0%)	0.757s	12	2.94x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.371s	11.018s	0.647s	11	3.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	66.700s (-17.0% 🟢)	68.206s (-17.0% 🟢)	1.506s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	74.779s (-10.6% 🟢)	77.020s (-10.4% 🟢)	2.241s	2	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.247s (-11.2% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.761s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.257s	1.008s	0.751s	60	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.280s (+2.6%)	1.007s (~)	0.727s	60	1.13x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.327s	1.021s	0.695s	60	1.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.562s (-17.6% 🟢)	1.004s (-3.4%)	0.442s	60	2.28x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.584s	1.021s	0.437s	59	2.36x
💻 Local	Express	0.589s (+1.4%)	1.005s (~)	0.416s	60	2.38x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.127s	3.946s	0.820s	16	12.66x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.754s (-0.7%)	3.491s (-7.0% 🟢)	1.738s	18	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.915s (-4.0%)	3.925s (+2.5%)	2.010s	16	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.388s (-22.1% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.620s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.472s	1.007s	0.535s	90	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.494s (+1.0%)	1.007s (~)	0.513s	90	1.27x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.185s	2.006s	0.821s	45	3.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.414s (-4.6%)	3.009s (~)	0.595s	30	6.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.484s	3.007s	0.523s	30	6.41x
💻 Local	Express	2.587s (+1.4%)	3.009s (~)	0.422s	30	6.68x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.435s	10.015s	0.580s	9	24.34x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.791s (-16.8% 🟢)	4.360s (-13.9% 🟢)	1.569s	21	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.660s (-19.4% 🟢)	5.338s (-12.6% 🟢)	1.678s	17	1.31x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.585s (-26.1% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.423s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.760s	1.007s	0.247s	120	1.30x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.778s (+0.6%)	1.008s (~)	0.230s	120	1.33x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.788s	3.085s	0.297s	39	4.76x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.670s	10.275s	0.605s	12	16.52x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.673s (-6.0% 🟢)	11.119s (-6.9% 🟢)	0.447s	11	18.24x
💻 Local	Express	11.268s (+0.6%)	12.029s (+0.8%)	0.761s	10	19.26x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	19.922s	20.356s	0.435s	6	34.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	7.360s (-19.7% 🟢)	9.080s (-16.3% 🟢)	1.719s	14	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.700s (+5.1% 🔺)	11.029s (+13.3% 🔺)	2.329s	11	1.18x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.136s	1.002s	0.009s	1.015s	0.879s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.161s (-21.2% 🟢)	0.998s (~)	0.001s (-14.3% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.850s	10	1.18x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.186s	1.001s	0.002s	1.008s	0.822s	10	1.36x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.198s	1.001s	0.001s	1.010s	0.812s	10	1.45x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.200s (-4.3%)	0.994s (~)	0.002s (~)	1.010s (~)	0.810s	10	1.47x
💻 Local	Express	0.203s (~)	1.004s (~)	0.012s (-0.8%)	1.018s (~)	0.815s	10	1.49x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.209s (-3.9%)	1.003s (~)	0.010s (-13.5% 🟢)	1.016s (~)	0.806s	10	1.54x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.486s	0.969s	0.002s	1.009s	0.523s	10	3.57x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.689s (-5.2% 🟢)	2.873s (-1.5%)	0.387s (-27.6% 🟢)	3.853s (-6.5% 🟢)	2.164s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.747s (-12.7% 🟢)	3.084s (+3.5%)	0.497s (-26.1% 🟢)	4.198s (~)	2.451s	10	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.516s	1.000s	0.005s	1.014s	0.498s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.545s (-11.5% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.002s (-44.6% 🟢)	1.021s (~)	0.476s	59	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.565s	1.009s	0.009s	1.021s	0.457s	59	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.596s (-1.4%)	1.002s (~)	0.004s (-0.9%)	1.023s (~)	0.428s	59	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.613s	1.009s	0.007s	1.025s	0.413s	59	1.19x
💻 Local	Express	0.733s (+1.3%)	1.010s (~)	0.009s (+6.9% 🔺)	1.023s (~)	0.290s	59	1.42x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.756s (-0.6%)	1.010s (~)	0.009s (-9.1% 🟢)	1.023s (~)	0.267s	59	1.46x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.332s	1.950s	0.003s	2.013s	0.681s	30	2.58x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	4.556s (-22.5% 🟢)	6.280s (-9.4% 🟢)	0.319s (-24.9% 🟢)	7.215s (-9.0% 🟢)	2.659s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.702s (-11.6% 🟢)	6.362s (-3.8%)	0.350s (-39.8% 🟢)	7.330s (-6.7% 🟢)	2.628s	9	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.916s	1.053s	0.000s	1.080s	0.163s	56	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.925s	1.034s	0.000s	1.039s	0.114s	58	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.963s (-1.3%)	1.162s (~)	0.000s (+47.2% 🔺)	1.178s (-0.8%)	0.216s	53	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.967s (-1.1%)	1.174s (-2.0%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.186s (-4.1%)	0.219s	51	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.238s	2.018s	0.000s	2.022s	0.783s	30	1.35x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.246s (-3.8%)	2.022s (~)	0.000s (-18.2% 🟢)	2.024s (~)	0.778s	30	1.36x
💻 Local	Express	1.251s (~)	2.022s (~)	0.000s (-12.5% 🟢)	2.024s (~)	0.773s	30	1.37x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.365s	2.957s	0.000s	3.008s	0.644s	20	2.58x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.327s (+15.4% 🔺)	4.071s (+2.6%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	4.892s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.565s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.364s (+3.2%)	4.461s (+8.2% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.084s (+8.5% 🔺)	1.720s	12	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.642s	2.035s	0.000s	2.040s	0.398s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.722s (~)	2.139s (+1.9%)	0.000s (+107.1% 🔺)	2.153s (+1.9%)	0.431s	28	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.774s (+1.4%)	2.215s (+7.2% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.225s (+5.8% 🔺)	0.451s	28	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.825s	2.103s	0.000s	2.150s	0.325s	28	1.11x
💻 Local	Express	3.500s (-3.4%)	4.032s (-1.6%)	0.001s (+14.3% 🔺)	4.036s (-1.6%)	0.536s	15	2.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.577s (-4.2%)	4.167s (-1.6%)	0.000s (-36.4% 🟢)	4.171s (-1.6%)	0.594s	15	2.18x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.825s	4.297s	0.000s	4.301s	0.476s	15	2.33x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.399s	4.959s	0.000s	5.010s	0.611s	12	2.68x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.600s (-13.8% 🟢)	4.755s (-11.5% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.384s (-10.7% 🟢)	1.784s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	54.899s (+941.7% 🔺)	56.139s (+802.2% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	56.883s (+740.3% 🔺)	1.984s	6	15.25x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	17/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	19/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	16/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	20/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	10/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	17/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[vercel]

Additional Suggestion:

Incomplete rename of BUILTIN_RESPONSE_STEP_NAMES to BUILTIN_STEP_NAMES leaves a stale reference on line 73, causing TypeScript compilation errors TS6133 and TS2552 that break all builds.

[VaguelySerious]

Similar to #1591

Closes#1374
Closes#1373

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 48ca289

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	868	0	67	935
✅ 💻 Local Development	842	0	178	1020
✅ 📦 Local Production	842	0	178	1020
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	842	0	178	1020
✅ 🪟 Windows	77	0	8	85
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	135	60	24	219
✅ 📋 Other	213	0	42	255
Total	3819	60	675	4554

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (60 failed)

mongodb (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNAMYAYZDSXS450SQQZXRV78
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNAN6FBQR89PG3JGR9TBW0JW

redis (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNAMYAYZDSXS450SQQZXRV78
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNAN6FBQR89PG3JGR9TBW0JW

turso (56 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMX18R87XHRQTC9XFFZMCQ
• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMX18R87XHRQTC9XFFZMCQ
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KNAK08MMR4N52HCBFDQ08YE0
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMX83MK1R0J441157HW49C
• promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMXEWN0G7ZBSS8QN9TNRJ7
• promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMXH5DGS6RHR3E6VC9170B
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KNAK0NJP3WD3V01VZ212RY4X
• hookWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMXXDYWM0NDQZKF8HVC62M
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNAMYAYZDSXS450SQQZXRV78
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMYN86M29HYVM6SDMDN3NY
• sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMYVR2NWDZCAHCM9AMKG7T
• parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMZ7TQC1NGRSWAD2GPXTS7
• nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMZB5YH8F7SWZFXVMFR10V
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMZDG90HVW33YPGHCZT4MD
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KNAN26HPH0VNSF6ZQFNTMV95
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KNAN2A26YEE394X8F5GABAHS
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• error handling not registered WorkflowNotRegisteredError fails the run when workflow does not exist
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the step but workflow can catch it
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the run when not caught in workflow
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KNAN5SDAM62EXMZKGFZV6CWB
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNAN6FBQR89PG3JGR9TBW0JW
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KNAN753QGDG79ZMKRMRDE74T
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KNAN7SY0D19ZKJRNQ9WZTF1F
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KNAN82M5016JF0KGNHXCE6K9
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KNAN883PKT0F02SAA2K5E1B8
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KNAN8AE49X87BFNRWZ5B302G
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KNAN8V3W2H5EEYNKX45P3THH
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KNAN90Q71Q06BZDZET7147JW
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KNAN98EEFAWH36WEHB6030RJ
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KNAN9JHQDEMR4T1T4CEBBZ5W
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KNAN9TS8QM56TT7EZVAHK0JN
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KNANA1E90S998DBY5379PZVW
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KNANA87D02JQCHPX4J23T1CX
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KNANAJTJJSEPS947BCZBJJ0S
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KNANAWBZ25V9CVBC6YPN4A3K
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KNANB35XPSDA1YBZDWE8PQ90
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KNANBCBRZK0H4XGQZM7MT5CS
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KNANBRBQ5ED0NH9FCJQEPSG0
• sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KNANCCHQW8CWXZCAVXCM0VYV
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KNANCQ4HBKQMW20DSF6TH682
• importMetaUrlWorkflow - import.meta.url is available in step bundles | wrun_01KNANCXWQ3S2SNXFRQX9C5MCY
• metadataFromHelperWorkflow - getWorkflowMetadata/getStepMetadata work from module-level helper (#1577) | wrun_01KNAND0J8SCS30762CS1PK4PH

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	78	0	7
✅ example	78	0	7
✅ express	78	0	7
✅ fastify	78	0	7
✅ hono	78	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	83	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	83	0	2
✅ nitro	78	0	7
✅ nuxt	78	0	7
✅ sveltekit	78	0	7
✅ vite	78	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	71	0	14
✅ express-stable	71	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	71	0	14
✅ hono-stable	71	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	60	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	77	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	60	0	25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	77	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	71	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	71	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	71	0	14
✅ vite-stable	71	0	14

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	71	0	14
✅ express-stable	71	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	71	0	14
✅ hono-stable	71	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	60	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	77	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	60	0	25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	77	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	71	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	71	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	71	0	14
✅ vite-stable	71	0	14

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	71	0	14
✅ express-stable	71	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	71	0	14
✅ hono-stable	71	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	60	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	77	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	60	0	25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	77	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	71	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	71	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	71	0	14
✅ vite-stable	71	0	14

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	77	0	8

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	5	0	0
❌ mongodb	58	2	8
✅ redis-dev	5	0	0
❌ redis	58	2	8
✅ turso-dev	5	0	0
❌ turso	4	56	8

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	71	0	14
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	71	0	14
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	71	0	14

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.043s (-1.2%)	1.006s (~)	0.963s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.043s (-16.3% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.962s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.045s	1.005s	0.959s	10	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.052s (-22.5% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.959s	10	1.21x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.057s	1.005s	0.948s	10	1.34x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.057s	1.010s	0.953s	10	1.35x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.062s (+7.8% 🔺)	1.010s (~)	0.948s	10	1.46x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.138s	1.007s	0.869s	10	3.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.563s (-12.3% 🟢)	2.693s (+10.3% 🔺)	2.130s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.624s (+21.8% 🔺)	2.766s (-0.9%)	2.142s	10	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.099s	2.005s	0.906s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.121s (-1.9%)	2.010s (~)	0.889s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.127s (-1.3%)	2.006s (~)	0.879s	10	1.03x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.129s	2.007s	0.877s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.133s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.874s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.134s	2.012s	0.879s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.145s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.866s	10	1.04x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.298s	2.008s	0.710s	10	1.18x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.121s (-6.5% 🟢)	3.790s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.669s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.145s (+2.2%)	3.793s (-2.7%)	1.648s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.626s	11.023s	0.397s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.710s (-1.5%)	11.022s (~)	0.311s	3	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.810s	11.024s	0.214s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.879s	11.024s	0.144s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.922s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.101s	3	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.931s (-0.8%)	11.023s (-2.9%)	0.092s	3	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	10.944s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.080s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.251s	13.020s	0.769s	3	1.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	17.020s (-7.9% 🟢)	18.460s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.440s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.108s (-6.8% 🟢)	19.344s (-3.8%)	2.236s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	14.166s (-3.1%)	15.022s (~)	0.856s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.209s	15.030s	0.821s	4	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.304s	15.030s	0.726s	4	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.460s	15.027s	0.567s	4	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.479s (~)	15.021s (~)	0.543s	4	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	14.993s (~)	15.029s (~)	0.035s	4	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	15.000s (-1.4%)	15.031s (-6.2% 🟢)	0.030s	4	1.06x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.782s	18.024s	0.242s	4	1.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	31.381s (-10.2% 🟢)	32.739s (-11.6% 🟢)	1.357s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	33.500s (-0.7%)	35.727s (+1.0%)	2.227s	2	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.089s (-6.7% 🟢)	13.886s (-3.9%)	0.797s	7	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.612s	14.170s	0.558s	7	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.739s	14.026s	0.287s	7	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.885s (-0.9%)	14.305s (-2.0%)	0.420s	7	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.810s	15.026s	0.216s	6	1.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	16.479s (-4.0%)	17.033s (-5.6% 🟢)	0.554s	6	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	16.827s (+0.8%)	17.032s (~)	0.205s	6	1.29x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.308s	21.027s	0.719s	5	1.55x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	51.428s (-8.9% 🟢)	53.197s (-9.1% 🟢)	1.770s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	52.629s (-3.3%)	54.446s (-1.8%)	1.817s	2	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.201s (-5.3% 🟢)	2.011s (~)	0.811s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.245s	2.011s	0.766s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.278s (+1.4%)	2.011s (~)	0.733s	15	1.06x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.311s	2.007s	0.696s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.519s	2.006s	0.487s	15	1.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.525s (-2.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.481s	15	1.27x
💻 Local	Express	1.525s (-1.1%)	2.006s (~)	0.481s	15	1.27x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.221s	3.009s	0.787s	10	1.85x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.833s (+11.2% 🔺)	4.461s (+6.0% 🔺)	1.628s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.014s (+8.2% 🔺)	4.377s (+12.6% 🔺)	1.363s	7	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.289s (-2.3%)	3.011s (~)	0.722s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.332s (~)	3.010s (~)	0.678s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.439s	3.011s	0.572s	10	1.07x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.579s	3.008s	0.429s	10	1.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.652s	3.008s	0.356s	10	1.16x
💻 Local	Express	2.959s (-4.8%)	3.342s (-16.7% 🟢)	0.383s	9	1.29x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.974s (-4.7%)	3.342s (-14.0% 🟢)	0.368s	9	1.30x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.336s	9.763s	0.427s	4	4.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.095s (~)	4.658s (+2.9%)	1.563s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.189s (+11.7% 🔺)	5.409s (+22.6% 🔺)	2.220s	6	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.403s (-1.9%)	4.012s (~)	0.608s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.473s (~)	4.010s (~)	0.536s	8	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.661s	4.011s	0.350s	8	1.08x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.100s	4.868s	0.768s	7	1.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.643s	7.215s	0.571s	5	1.95x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.260s (-13.4% 🟢)	8.022s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.762s	4	2.13x
💻 Local	Express	8.486s (+4.1%)	9.032s (~)	0.546s	4	2.49x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.096s	20.520s	0.424s	2	5.90x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.405s (-0.7%)	5.274s (+1.5%)	1.869s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.094s (+216.2% 🔺)	15.679s (+173.2% 🔺)	2.585s	3	3.85x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.193s (-5.6% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.817s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.241s	2.009s	0.768s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.272s (+1.1%)	2.009s (~)	0.738s	15	1.07x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.311s	2.006s	0.695s	15	1.10x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.473s	2.005s	0.532s	15	1.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.503s (-4.0%)	2.006s (~)	0.503s	15	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	1.563s (+1.3%)	2.006s (~)	0.443s	15	1.31x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.122s	3.759s	0.638s	8	2.62x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.186s (-2.6%)	3.683s (+2.3%)	1.497s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.239s (-11.5% 🟢)	3.879s (-10.7% 🟢)	1.640s	8	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.298s (-1.9%)	3.010s (~)	0.712s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.336s (+0.5%)	3.011s (~)	0.675s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.399s	3.009s	0.609s	10	1.04x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.579s	3.008s	0.429s	10	1.12x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.847s	3.108s	0.261s	10	1.24x
💻 Local	Express	3.027s (-2.7%)	3.886s (~)	0.859s	8	1.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.067s (-4.6%)	3.564s (-8.3% 🟢)	0.497s	9	1.33x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.498s	9.769s	0.270s	4	4.13x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.435s (-35.0% 🟢)	3.940s (-27.1% 🟢)	1.505s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.894s (-0.7%)	4.333s (+8.5% 🔺)	1.439s	8	1.19x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.392s (-2.2%)	4.011s (~)	0.619s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.466s (~)	4.012s (~)	0.546s	8	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.641s	4.012s	0.371s	8	1.07x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.135s	5.012s	0.877s	6	1.22x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.370s	8.016s	0.647s	4	2.17x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.036s (-10.2% 🟢)	8.773s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.738s	4	2.37x
💻 Local	Express	8.801s (-2.3%)	9.522s (~)	0.721s	4	2.59x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.072s	21.021s	0.949s	2	5.92x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.089s (-3.8%)	5.187s (+5.5% 🔺)	2.097s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.656s (-0.6%)	5.615s (+9.5% 🔺)	1.959s	6	1.18x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.633s (-25.7% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.375s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.678s	1.021s	0.343s	59	1.07x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.721s	1.004s	0.284s	60	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.757s	1.007s	0.250s	60	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.812s (-1.7%)	1.007s (~)	0.194s	60	1.28x
💻 Local	Express	1.000s (~)	1.281s (-10.0% 🟢)	0.282s	47	1.58x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.019s (-0.6%)	1.720s (-10.1% 🟢)	0.701s	35	1.61x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.130s	3.007s	0.877s	20	3.37x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	9.098s (-6.1% 🟢)	10.908s (-3.8%)	1.810s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.333s (-8.9% 🟢)	10.995s (-7.3% 🟢)	1.662s	6	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.525s (-24.6% 🟢)	2.009s (-25.2% 🟢)	0.483s	45	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.707s	2.006s	0.299s	45	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.863s	2.053s	0.191s	44	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.911s (-2.6%)	2.076s (-3.5%)	0.165s	44	1.25x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.174s	3.008s	0.834s	30	1.43x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.018s (-2.3%)	3.609s (-10.0% 🟢)	0.590s	25	1.98x
💻 Local	Express	3.046s (+1.1%)	3.759s (+4.2%)	0.713s	24	2.00x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.268s	6.012s	0.744s	15	3.45x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	28.832s (-4.7%)	30.759s (-3.7%)	1.927s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	28.950s (-3.7%)	30.704s (-3.0%)	1.754s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.153s (-22.3% 🟢)	3.979s (-16.8% 🟢)	0.825s	31	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.455s	4.009s	0.553s	30	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.796s	4.044s	0.248s	30	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.889s (-3.3%)	4.111s (-9.3% 🟢)	0.221s	30	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.194s	7.953s	0.759s	16	2.28x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.941s (-5.0% 🟢)	9.325s (-6.9% 🟢)	0.384s	13	2.84x
💻 Local	Express	9.262s (+1.3%)	10.019s (+4.0%)	0.757s	12	2.94x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.371s	11.018s	0.647s	11	3.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	66.700s (-17.0% 🟢)	68.206s (-17.0% 🟢)	1.506s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	74.779s (-10.6% 🟢)	77.020s (-10.4% 🟢)	2.241s	2	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.247s (-11.2% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.761s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.257s	1.008s	0.751s	60	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.280s (+2.6%)	1.007s (~)	0.727s	60	1.13x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.327s	1.021s	0.695s	60	1.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.562s (-17.6% 🟢)	1.004s (-3.4%)	0.442s	60	2.28x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.584s	1.021s	0.437s	59	2.36x
💻 Local	Express	0.589s (+1.4%)	1.005s (~)	0.416s	60	2.38x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.127s	3.946s	0.820s	16	12.66x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.754s (-0.7%)	3.491s (-7.0% 🟢)	1.738s	18	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.915s (-4.0%)	3.925s (+2.5%)	2.010s	16	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.388s (-22.1% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.620s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.472s	1.007s	0.535s	90	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.494s (+1.0%)	1.007s (~)	0.513s	90	1.27x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.185s	2.006s	0.821s	45	3.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.414s (-4.6%)	3.009s (~)	0.595s	30	6.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.484s	3.007s	0.523s	30	6.41x
💻 Local	Express	2.587s (+1.4%)	3.009s (~)	0.422s	30	6.68x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.435s	10.015s	0.580s	9	24.34x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.791s (-16.8% 🟢)	4.360s (-13.9% 🟢)	1.569s	21	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.660s (-19.4% 🟢)	5.338s (-12.6% 🟢)	1.678s	17	1.31x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.585s (-26.1% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.423s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.760s	1.007s	0.247s	120	1.30x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.778s (+0.6%)	1.008s (~)	0.230s	120	1.33x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.788s	3.085s	0.297s	39	4.76x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.670s	10.275s	0.605s	12	16.52x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.673s (-6.0% 🟢)	11.119s (-6.9% 🟢)	0.447s	11	18.24x
💻 Local	Express	11.268s (+0.6%)	12.029s (+0.8%)	0.761s	10	19.26x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	19.922s	20.356s	0.435s	6	34.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	7.360s (-19.7% 🟢)	9.080s (-16.3% 🟢)	1.719s	14	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.700s (+5.1% 🔺)	11.029s (+13.3% 🔺)	2.329s	11	1.18x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.136s	1.002s	0.009s	1.015s	0.879s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.161s (-21.2% 🟢)	0.998s (~)	0.001s (-14.3% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.850s	10	1.18x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.186s	1.001s	0.002s	1.008s	0.822s	10	1.36x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.198s	1.001s	0.001s	1.010s	0.812s	10	1.45x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.200s (-4.3%)	0.994s (~)	0.002s (~)	1.010s (~)	0.810s	10	1.47x
💻 Local	Express	0.203s (~)	1.004s (~)	0.012s (-0.8%)	1.018s (~)	0.815s	10	1.49x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.209s (-3.9%)	1.003s (~)	0.010s (-13.5% 🟢)	1.016s (~)	0.806s	10	1.54x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.486s	0.969s	0.002s	1.009s	0.523s	10	3.57x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.689s (-5.2% 🟢)	2.873s (-1.5%)	0.387s (-27.6% 🟢)	3.853s (-6.5% 🟢)	2.164s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.747s (-12.7% 🟢)	3.084s (+3.5%)	0.497s (-26.1% 🟢)	4.198s (~)	2.451s	10	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.516s	1.000s	0.005s	1.014s	0.498s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.545s (-11.5% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.002s (-44.6% 🟢)	1.021s (~)	0.476s	59	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.565s	1.009s	0.009s	1.021s	0.457s	59	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.596s (-1.4%)	1.002s (~)	0.004s (-0.9%)	1.023s (~)	0.428s	59	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.613s	1.009s	0.007s	1.025s	0.413s	59	1.19x
💻 Local	Express	0.733s (+1.3%)	1.010s (~)	0.009s (+6.9% 🔺)	1.023s (~)	0.290s	59	1.42x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.756s (-0.6%)	1.010s (~)	0.009s (-9.1% 🟢)	1.023s (~)	0.267s	59	1.46x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.332s	1.950s	0.003s	2.013s	0.681s	30	2.58x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	4.556s (-22.5% 🟢)	6.280s (-9.4% 🟢)	0.319s (-24.9% 🟢)	7.215s (-9.0% 🟢)	2.659s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.702s (-11.6% 🟢)	6.362s (-3.8%)	0.350s (-39.8% 🟢)	7.330s (-6.7% 🟢)	2.628s	9	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.916s	1.053s	0.000s	1.080s	0.163s	56	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.925s	1.034s	0.000s	1.039s	0.114s	58	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.963s (-1.3%)	1.162s (~)	0.000s (+47.2% 🔺)	1.178s (-0.8%)	0.216s	53	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.967s (-1.1%)	1.174s (-2.0%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.186s (-4.1%)	0.219s	51	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.238s	2.018s	0.000s	2.022s	0.783s	30	1.35x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.246s (-3.8%)	2.022s (~)	0.000s (-18.2% 🟢)	2.024s (~)	0.778s	30	1.36x
💻 Local	Express	1.251s (~)	2.022s (~)	0.000s (-12.5% 🟢)	2.024s (~)	0.773s	30	1.37x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.365s	2.957s	0.000s	3.008s	0.644s	20	2.58x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.327s (+15.4% 🔺)	4.071s (+2.6%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	4.892s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.565s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.364s (+3.2%)	4.461s (+8.2% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.084s (+8.5% 🔺)	1.720s	12	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.642s	2.035s	0.000s	2.040s	0.398s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.722s (~)	2.139s (+1.9%)	0.000s (+107.1% 🔺)	2.153s (+1.9%)	0.431s	28	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.774s (+1.4%)	2.215s (+7.2% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.225s (+5.8% 🔺)	0.451s	28	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.825s	2.103s	0.000s	2.150s	0.325s	28	1.11x
💻 Local	Express	3.500s (-3.4%)	4.032s (-1.6%)	0.001s (+14.3% 🔺)	4.036s (-1.6%)	0.536s	15	2.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.577s (-4.2%)	4.167s (-1.6%)	0.000s (-36.4% 🟢)	4.171s (-1.6%)	0.594s	15	2.18x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.825s	4.297s	0.000s	4.301s	0.476s	15	2.33x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.399s	4.959s	0.000s	5.010s	0.611s	12	2.68x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.600s (-13.8% 🟢)	4.755s (-11.5% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.384s (-10.7% 🟢)	1.784s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	54.899s (+941.7% 🔺)	56.139s (+802.2% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	56.883s (+740.3% 🔺)	1.984s	6	15.25x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	17/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	19/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	16/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	20/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	10/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	17/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[vercel]

Additional Suggestion:

Incomplete rename of BUILTIN_RESPONSE_STEP_NAMES to BUILTIN_STEP_NAMES leaves a stale reference on line 73, causing TypeScript compilation errors TS6133 and TS2552 that break all builds.

[VaguelySerious]

Similar to #1591

Closes#1374
Closes#1373

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 48ca289

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 9:11pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	868	0	67	935
✅ 💻 Local Development	842	0	178	1020
✅ 📦 Local Production	842	0	178	1020
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	842	0	178	1020
✅ 🪟 Windows	77	0	8	85
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	135	60	24	219
✅ 📋 Other	213	0	42	255
Total	3819	60	675	4554

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (60 failed)

mongodb (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNAMYAYZDSXS450SQQZXRV78
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNAN6FBQR89PG3JGR9TBW0JW

redis (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNAMYAYZDSXS450SQQZXRV78
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNAN6FBQR89PG3JGR9TBW0JW

turso (56 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMX18R87XHRQTC9XFFZMCQ
• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMX18R87XHRQTC9XFFZMCQ
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KNAK08MMR4N52HCBFDQ08YE0
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMX83MK1R0J441157HW49C
• promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMXEWN0G7ZBSS8QN9TNRJ7
• promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMXH5DGS6RHR3E6VC9170B
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KNAK0NJP3WD3V01VZ212RY4X
• hookWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMXXDYWM0NDQZKF8HVC62M
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNAMYAYZDSXS450SQQZXRV78
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMYN86M29HYVM6SDMDN3NY
• sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMYVR2NWDZCAHCM9AMKG7T
• parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMZ7TQC1NGRSWAD2GPXTS7
• nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMZB5YH8F7SWZFXVMFR10V
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KNAMZDG90HVW33YPGHCZT4MD
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KNAN26HPH0VNSF6ZQFNTMV95
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KNAN2A26YEE394X8F5GABAHS
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• error handling not registered WorkflowNotRegisteredError fails the run when workflow does not exist
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the step but workflow can catch it
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the run when not caught in workflow
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KNAN5SDAM62EXMZKGFZV6CWB
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNAN6FBQR89PG3JGR9TBW0JW
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KNAN753QGDG79ZMKRMRDE74T
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KNAN7SY0D19ZKJRNQ9WZTF1F
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KNAN82M5016JF0KGNHXCE6K9
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KNAN883PKT0F02SAA2K5E1B8
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KNAN8AE49X87BFNRWZ5B302G
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KNAN8V3W2H5EEYNKX45P3THH
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KNAN90Q71Q06BZDZET7147JW
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KNAN98EEFAWH36WEHB6030RJ
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KNAN9JHQDEMR4T1T4CEBBZ5W
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KNAN9TS8QM56TT7EZVAHK0JN
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KNANA1E90S998DBY5379PZVW
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KNANA87D02JQCHPX4J23T1CX
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KNANAJTJJSEPS947BCZBJJ0S
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KNANAWBZ25V9CVBC6YPN4A3K
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KNANB35XPSDA1YBZDWE8PQ90
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KNANBCBRZK0H4XGQZM7MT5CS
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KNANBRBQ5ED0NH9FCJQEPSG0
• sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KNANCCHQW8CWXZCAVXCM0VYV
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KNANCQ4HBKQMW20DSF6TH682
• importMetaUrlWorkflow - import.meta.url is available in step bundles | wrun_01KNANCXWQ3S2SNXFRQX9C5MCY
• metadataFromHelperWorkflow - getWorkflowMetadata/getStepMetadata work from module-level helper (#1577) | wrun_01KNAND0J8SCS30762CS1PK4PH

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	78	0	7
✅ example	78	0	7
✅ express	78	0	7
✅ fastify	78	0	7
✅ hono	78	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	83	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	83	0	2
✅ nitro	78	0	7
✅ nuxt	78	0	7
✅ sveltekit	78	0	7
✅ vite	78	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	71	0	14
✅ express-stable	71	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	71	0	14
✅ hono-stable	71	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	60	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	77	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	60	0	25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	77	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	71	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	71	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	71	0	14
✅ vite-stable	71	0	14

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	71	0	14
✅ express-stable	71	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	71	0	14
✅ hono-stable	71	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	60	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	77	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	60	0	25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	77	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	71	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	71	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	71	0	14
✅ vite-stable	71	0	14

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	71	0	14
✅ express-stable	71	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	71	0	14
✅ hono-stable	71	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	60	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	77	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	60	0	25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	77	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	71	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	71	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	71	0	14
✅ vite-stable	71	0	14

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	77	0	8

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	5	0	0
❌ mongodb	58	2	8
✅ redis-dev	5	0	0
❌ redis	58	2	8
✅ turso-dev	5	0	0
❌ turso	4	56	8

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	71	0	14
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	71	0	14
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	71	0	14

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.043s (-1.2%)	1.006s (~)	0.963s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.043s (-16.3% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.962s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.045s	1.005s	0.959s	10	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.052s (-22.5% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.959s	10	1.21x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.057s	1.005s	0.948s	10	1.34x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.057s	1.010s	0.953s	10	1.35x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.062s (+7.8% 🔺)	1.010s (~)	0.948s	10	1.46x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.138s	1.007s	0.869s	10	3.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.563s (-12.3% 🟢)	2.693s (+10.3% 🔺)	2.130s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.624s (+21.8% 🔺)	2.766s (-0.9%)	2.142s	10	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.099s	2.005s	0.906s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.121s (-1.9%)	2.010s (~)	0.889s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.127s (-1.3%)	2.006s (~)	0.879s	10	1.03x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.129s	2.007s	0.877s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.133s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.874s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.134s	2.012s	0.879s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.145s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.866s	10	1.04x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.298s	2.008s	0.710s	10	1.18x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.121s (-6.5% 🟢)	3.790s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.669s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.145s (+2.2%)	3.793s (-2.7%)	1.648s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.626s	11.023s	0.397s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.710s (-1.5%)	11.022s (~)	0.311s	3	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.810s	11.024s	0.214s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.879s	11.024s	0.144s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.922s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.101s	3	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.931s (-0.8%)	11.023s (-2.9%)	0.092s	3	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	10.944s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.080s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.251s	13.020s	0.769s	3	1.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	17.020s (-7.9% 🟢)	18.460s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.440s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.108s (-6.8% 🟢)	19.344s (-3.8%)	2.236s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	14.166s (-3.1%)	15.022s (~)	0.856s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.209s	15.030s	0.821s	4	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.304s	15.030s	0.726s	4	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.460s	15.027s	0.567s	4	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.479s (~)	15.021s (~)	0.543s	4	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	14.993s (~)	15.029s (~)	0.035s	4	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	15.000s (-1.4%)	15.031s (-6.2% 🟢)	0.030s	4	1.06x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.782s	18.024s	0.242s	4	1.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	31.381s (-10.2% 🟢)	32.739s (-11.6% 🟢)	1.357s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	33.500s (-0.7%)	35.727s (+1.0%)	2.227s	2	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.089s (-6.7% 🟢)	13.886s (-3.9%)	0.797s	7	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.612s	14.170s	0.558s	7	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.739s	14.026s	0.287s	7	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.885s (-0.9%)	14.305s (-2.0%)	0.420s	7	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.810s	15.026s	0.216s	6	1.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	16.479s (-4.0%)	17.033s (-5.6% 🟢)	0.554s	6	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	16.827s (+0.8%)	17.032s (~)	0.205s	6	1.29x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.308s	21.027s	0.719s	5	1.55x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	51.428s (-8.9% 🟢)	53.197s (-9.1% 🟢)	1.770s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	52.629s (-3.3%)	54.446s (-1.8%)	1.817s	2	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.201s (-5.3% 🟢)	2.011s (~)	0.811s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.245s	2.011s	0.766s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.278s (+1.4%)	2.011s (~)	0.733s	15	1.06x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.311s	2.007s	0.696s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.519s	2.006s	0.487s	15	1.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.525s (-2.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.481s	15	1.27x
💻 Local	Express	1.525s (-1.1%)	2.006s (~)	0.481s	15	1.27x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.221s	3.009s	0.787s	10	1.85x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.833s (+11.2% 🔺)	4.461s (+6.0% 🔺)	1.628s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.014s (+8.2% 🔺)	4.377s (+12.6% 🔺)	1.363s	7	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.289s (-2.3%)	3.011s (~)	0.722s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.332s (~)	3.010s (~)	0.678s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.439s	3.011s	0.572s	10	1.07x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.579s	3.008s	0.429s	10	1.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.652s	3.008s	0.356s	10	1.16x
💻 Local	Express	2.959s (-4.8%)	3.342s (-16.7% 🟢)	0.383s	9	1.29x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.974s (-4.7%)	3.342s (-14.0% 🟢)	0.368s	9	1.30x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.336s	9.763s	0.427s	4	4.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.095s (~)	4.658s (+2.9%)	1.563s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.189s (+11.7% 🔺)	5.409s (+22.6% 🔺)	2.220s	6	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.403s (-1.9%)	4.012s (~)	0.608s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.473s (~)	4.010s (~)	0.536s	8	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.661s	4.011s	0.350s	8	1.08x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.100s	4.868s	0.768s	7	1.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.643s	7.215s	0.571s	5	1.95x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.260s (-13.4% 🟢)	8.022s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.762s	4	2.13x
💻 Local	Express	8.486s (+4.1%)	9.032s (~)	0.546s	4	2.49x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.096s	20.520s	0.424s	2	5.90x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.405s (-0.7%)	5.274s (+1.5%)	1.869s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.094s (+216.2% 🔺)	15.679s (+173.2% 🔺)	2.585s	3	3.85x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.193s (-5.6% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.817s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.241s	2.009s	0.768s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.272s (+1.1%)	2.009s (~)	0.738s	15	1.07x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.311s	2.006s	0.695s	15	1.10x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.473s	2.005s	0.532s	15	1.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.503s (-4.0%)	2.006s (~)	0.503s	15	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	1.563s (+1.3%)	2.006s (~)	0.443s	15	1.31x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.122s	3.759s	0.638s	8	2.62x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.186s (-2.6%)	3.683s (+2.3%)	1.497s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.239s (-11.5% 🟢)	3.879s (-10.7% 🟢)	1.640s	8	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.298s (-1.9%)	3.010s (~)	0.712s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.336s (+0.5%)	3.011s (~)	0.675s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.399s	3.009s	0.609s	10	1.04x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.579s	3.008s	0.429s	10	1.12x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.847s	3.108s	0.261s	10	1.24x
💻 Local	Express	3.027s (-2.7%)	3.886s (~)	0.859s	8	1.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.067s (-4.6%)	3.564s (-8.3% 🟢)	0.497s	9	1.33x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.498s	9.769s	0.270s	4	4.13x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.435s (-35.0% 🟢)	3.940s (-27.1% 🟢)	1.505s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.894s (-0.7%)	4.333s (+8.5% 🔺)	1.439s	8	1.19x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.392s (-2.2%)	4.011s (~)	0.619s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.466s (~)	4.012s (~)	0.546s	8	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.641s	4.012s	0.371s	8	1.07x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.135s	5.012s	0.877s	6	1.22x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.370s	8.016s	0.647s	4	2.17x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.036s (-10.2% 🟢)	8.773s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.738s	4	2.37x
💻 Local	Express	8.801s (-2.3%)	9.522s (~)	0.721s	4	2.59x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.072s	21.021s	0.949s	2	5.92x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.089s (-3.8%)	5.187s (+5.5% 🔺)	2.097s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.656s (-0.6%)	5.615s (+9.5% 🔺)	1.959s	6	1.18x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.633s (-25.7% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.375s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.678s	1.021s	0.343s	59	1.07x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.721s	1.004s	0.284s	60	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.757s	1.007s	0.250s	60	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.812s (-1.7%)	1.007s (~)	0.194s	60	1.28x
💻 Local	Express	1.000s (~)	1.281s (-10.0% 🟢)	0.282s	47	1.58x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.019s (-0.6%)	1.720s (-10.1% 🟢)	0.701s	35	1.61x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.130s	3.007s	0.877s	20	3.37x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	9.098s (-6.1% 🟢)	10.908s (-3.8%)	1.810s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.333s (-8.9% 🟢)	10.995s (-7.3% 🟢)	1.662s	6	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.525s (-24.6% 🟢)	2.009s (-25.2% 🟢)	0.483s	45	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.707s	2.006s	0.299s	45	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.863s	2.053s	0.191s	44	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.911s (-2.6%)	2.076s (-3.5%)	0.165s	44	1.25x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.174s	3.008s	0.834s	30	1.43x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.018s (-2.3%)	3.609s (-10.0% 🟢)	0.590s	25	1.98x
💻 Local	Express	3.046s (+1.1%)	3.759s (+4.2%)	0.713s	24	2.00x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.268s	6.012s	0.744s	15	3.45x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	28.832s (-4.7%)	30.759s (-3.7%)	1.927s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	28.950s (-3.7%)	30.704s (-3.0%)	1.754s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.153s (-22.3% 🟢)	3.979s (-16.8% 🟢)	0.825s	31	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.455s	4.009s	0.553s	30	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.796s	4.044s	0.248s	30	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.889s (-3.3%)	4.111s (-9.3% 🟢)	0.221s	30	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.194s	7.953s	0.759s	16	2.28x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.941s (-5.0% 🟢)	9.325s (-6.9% 🟢)	0.384s	13	2.84x
💻 Local	Express	9.262s (+1.3%)	10.019s (+4.0%)	0.757s	12	2.94x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.371s	11.018s	0.647s	11	3.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	66.700s (-17.0% 🟢)	68.206s (-17.0% 🟢)	1.506s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	74.779s (-10.6% 🟢)	77.020s (-10.4% 🟢)	2.241s	2	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.247s (-11.2% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.761s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.257s	1.008s	0.751s	60	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.280s (+2.6%)	1.007s (~)	0.727s	60	1.13x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.327s	1.021s	0.695s	60	1.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.562s (-17.6% 🟢)	1.004s (-3.4%)	0.442s	60	2.28x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.584s	1.021s	0.437s	59	2.36x
💻 Local	Express	0.589s (+1.4%)	1.005s (~)	0.416s	60	2.38x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.127s	3.946s	0.820s	16	12.66x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.754s (-0.7%)	3.491s (-7.0% 🟢)	1.738s	18	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.915s (-4.0%)	3.925s (+2.5%)	2.010s	16	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.388s (-22.1% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.620s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.472s	1.007s	0.535s	90	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.494s (+1.0%)	1.007s (~)	0.513s	90	1.27x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.185s	2.006s	0.821s	45	3.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.414s (-4.6%)	3.009s (~)	0.595s	30	6.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.484s	3.007s	0.523s	30	6.41x
💻 Local	Express	2.587s (+1.4%)	3.009s (~)	0.422s	30	6.68x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.435s	10.015s	0.580s	9	24.34x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.791s (-16.8% 🟢)	4.360s (-13.9% 🟢)	1.569s	21	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.660s (-19.4% 🟢)	5.338s (-12.6% 🟢)	1.678s	17	1.31x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.585s (-26.1% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.423s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.760s	1.007s	0.247s	120	1.30x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.778s (+0.6%)	1.008s (~)	0.230s	120	1.33x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.788s	3.085s	0.297s	39	4.76x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.670s	10.275s	0.605s	12	16.52x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.673s (-6.0% 🟢)	11.119s (-6.9% 🟢)	0.447s	11	18.24x
💻 Local	Express	11.268s (+0.6%)	12.029s (+0.8%)	0.761s	10	19.26x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	19.922s	20.356s	0.435s	6	34.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	7.360s (-19.7% 🟢)	9.080s (-16.3% 🟢)	1.719s	14	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.700s (+5.1% 🔺)	11.029s (+13.3% 🔺)	2.329s	11	1.18x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.136s	1.002s	0.009s	1.015s	0.879s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.161s (-21.2% 🟢)	0.998s (~)	0.001s (-14.3% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.850s	10	1.18x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.186s	1.001s	0.002s	1.008s	0.822s	10	1.36x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.198s	1.001s	0.001s	1.010s	0.812s	10	1.45x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.200s (-4.3%)	0.994s (~)	0.002s (~)	1.010s (~)	0.810s	10	1.47x
💻 Local	Express	0.203s (~)	1.004s (~)	0.012s (-0.8%)	1.018s (~)	0.815s	10	1.49x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.209s (-3.9%)	1.003s (~)	0.010s (-13.5% 🟢)	1.016s (~)	0.806s	10	1.54x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.486s	0.969s	0.002s	1.009s	0.523s	10	3.57x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.689s (-5.2% 🟢)	2.873s (-1.5%)	0.387s (-27.6% 🟢)	3.853s (-6.5% 🟢)	2.164s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.747s (-12.7% 🟢)	3.084s (+3.5%)	0.497s (-26.1% 🟢)	4.198s (~)	2.451s	10	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.516s	1.000s	0.005s	1.014s	0.498s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.545s (-11.5% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.002s (-44.6% 🟢)	1.021s (~)	0.476s	59	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.565s	1.009s	0.009s	1.021s	0.457s	59	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.596s (-1.4%)	1.002s (~)	0.004s (-0.9%)	1.023s (~)	0.428s	59	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.613s	1.009s	0.007s	1.025s	0.413s	59	1.19x
💻 Local	Express	0.733s (+1.3%)	1.010s (~)	0.009s (+6.9% 🔺)	1.023s (~)	0.290s	59	1.42x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.756s (-0.6%)	1.010s (~)	0.009s (-9.1% 🟢)	1.023s (~)	0.267s	59	1.46x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.332s	1.950s	0.003s	2.013s	0.681s	30	2.58x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	4.556s (-22.5% 🟢)	6.280s (-9.4% 🟢)	0.319s (-24.9% 🟢)	7.215s (-9.0% 🟢)	2.659s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.702s (-11.6% 🟢)	6.362s (-3.8%)	0.350s (-39.8% 🟢)	7.330s (-6.7% 🟢)	2.628s	9	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.916s	1.053s	0.000s	1.080s	0.163s	56	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.925s	1.034s	0.000s	1.039s	0.114s	58	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.963s (-1.3%)	1.162s (~)	0.000s (+47.2% 🔺)	1.178s (-0.8%)	0.216s	53	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.967s (-1.1%)	1.174s (-2.0%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.186s (-4.1%)	0.219s	51	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.238s	2.018s	0.000s	2.022s	0.783s	30	1.35x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.246s (-3.8%)	2.022s (~)	0.000s (-18.2% 🟢)	2.024s (~)	0.778s	30	1.36x
💻 Local	Express	1.251s (~)	2.022s (~)	0.000s (-12.5% 🟢)	2.024s (~)	0.773s	30	1.37x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.365s	2.957s	0.000s	3.008s	0.644s	20	2.58x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.327s (+15.4% 🔺)	4.071s (+2.6%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	4.892s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.565s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.364s (+3.2%)	4.461s (+8.2% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.084s (+8.5% 🔺)	1.720s	12	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.642s	2.035s	0.000s	2.040s	0.398s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.722s (~)	2.139s (+1.9%)	0.000s (+107.1% 🔺)	2.153s (+1.9%)	0.431s	28	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.774s (+1.4%)	2.215s (+7.2% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.225s (+5.8% 🔺)	0.451s	28	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.825s	2.103s	0.000s	2.150s	0.325s	28	1.11x
💻 Local	Express	3.500s (-3.4%)	4.032s (-1.6%)	0.001s (+14.3% 🔺)	4.036s (-1.6%)	0.536s	15	2.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.577s (-4.2%)	4.167s (-1.6%)	0.000s (-36.4% 🟢)	4.171s (-1.6%)	0.594s	15	2.18x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.825s	4.297s	0.000s	4.301s	0.476s	15	2.33x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.399s	4.959s	0.000s	5.010s	0.611s	12	2.68x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.600s (-13.8% 🟢)	4.755s (-11.5% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.384s (-10.7% 🟢)	1.784s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	54.899s (+941.7% 🔺)	56.139s (+802.2% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	56.883s (+740.3% 🔺)	1.984s	6	15.25x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	17/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	19/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	16/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	20/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	10/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	17/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

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📋 View full workflow run

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❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[vercel]

Additional Suggestion:

Incomplete rename of BUILTIN_RESPONSE_STEP_NAMES to BUILTIN_STEP_NAMES leaves a stale reference on line 73, causing TypeScript compilation errors TS6133 and TS2552 that break all builds.