Skip to content

fix: serialize Run across runtime and workflow VM - #1616

Merged
TooTallNate merged 5 commits into
mainfrom
codex/run-class-serialization-e2e
Apr 9, 2026
Merged

fix: serialize Run across runtime and workflow VM#1616
TooTallNate merged 5 commits into
mainfrom
codex/run-class-serialization-e2e

Conversation

@TooTallNate

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Member

Summary

  • switch Run in core runtime to custom class serialization (WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE / WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE) and register it in the class registry
  • make workflow-VM Run (workflow/api) deserializable and registry-registered so Run instances can cross step/workflow boundaries without bespoke reducer paths
  • add e2e coverage for Run boundary roundtrips in workbench/example/workflows/99_e2e.ts and packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts, plus runtime unit tests for class serde behavior
  • add a changeset for @workflow/core and workflow

Testing

  • pnpm --filter @workflow/core typecheck
  • pnpm --filter workflow typecheck
  • pnpm vitest run src/runtime/runs.test.ts -t "Run custom serialization" (from packages/core)

@changeset-bot

changeset-botBot commented Apr 6, 2026

Copy link
Copy Markdown

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 407a19f

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages
NameType
@workflow/coreMinor
workflowMinor
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/vitestPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/aiMajor
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

@vercel

vercelBot commented Apr 6, 2026

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Contributor

@github-actions

github-actionsBot commented Apr 6, 2026

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Contributor

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.043s (-0.7%)1.005s (~)0.963s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro0.044s (+17.5% 🔺)1.005s (~)0.961s101.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.056s1.010s0.955s101.32x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.060s (-10.1% 🟢)1.011s (~)0.951s101.40x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.061s (-2.7%)1.009s (~)0.948s101.44x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro0.207s (-26.7% 🟢)2.309s (-7.0% 🟢)2.102s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)0.236s (-46.9% 🟢)2.099s (-5.5% 🟢)1.863s101.14x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.127s (+2.2%)2.006s (~)0.880s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.130s (~)2.005s (~)0.875s101.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.142s (~)2.011s (~)0.869s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.142s2.011s0.869s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.150s (~)2.010s (~)0.861s101.02x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.885s (-10.1% 🟢)3.489s (-9.1% 🟢)1.604s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)1.916s (-7.5% 🟢)3.517s (-4.8%)1.600s101.02x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express10.896s (~)11.022s (~)0.126s31.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.905s (~)11.018s (~)0.113s31.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.907s11.019s0.112s31.00x
💻 LocalNitro10.909s (+2.2%)11.024s (~)0.115s31.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress10.941s (+0.7%)11.024s (~)0.083s31.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro16.877s (~)18.761s (-1.2%)1.885s21.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)17.610s (-0.9%)19.170s (+1.1%)1.560s21.04x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro14.482s (~)15.024s (~)0.541s41.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)14.511s15.026s0.515s41.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress14.589s (~)15.024s (~)0.435s41.01x
💻 LocalExpress14.890s (-1.1%)15.029s (-6.2% 🟢)0.139s41.03x
💻 LocalNitro15.019s (+5.6% 🔺)15.781s (+5.0% 🔺)0.762s41.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro30.535s (-2.8%)32.926s (-2.1%)2.392s21.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)35.051s (+3.3%)37.323s (+3.8%)2.272s21.15x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)13.862s14.164s0.302s71.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro13.905s (~)14.161s (+1.0%)0.256s71.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress14.308s (+1.6%)15.021s (+1.9%)0.713s61.03x
💻 LocalExpress16.460s (-2.8%)17.030s (~)0.569s61.19x
💻 LocalNitro16.904s (+13.3% 🔺)17.031s (+13.3% 🔺)0.127s61.22x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro206.024s (+282.0% 🔺)208.069s (+272.0% 🔺)2.045s21.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)208.680s (+281.3% 🔺)210.330s (+268.7% 🔺)1.650s21.01x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.232s2.010s0.778s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.276s (+0.8%)2.011s (~)0.735s151.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.283s (+0.8%)2.010s (~)0.727s151.04x
💻 LocalExpress1.527s (~)2.006s (~)0.479s151.24x
💻 LocalNitro1.530s (+2.3%)2.006s (~)0.476s151.24x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.035s (-18.4% 🟢)3.514s (-10.8% 🟢)1.479s91.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.512s (+5.8% 🔺)3.966s (+2.5%)1.453s81.23x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro2.347s (-0.5%)3.007s (~)0.661s101.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.369s (+1.7%)3.009s (~)0.640s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.421s3.010s0.589s101.03x
💻 LocalExpress2.861s (-10.1% 🟢)3.008s (-25.0% 🟢)0.147s101.22x
💻 LocalNitro3.054s (+11.9% 🔺)3.884s (+21.1% 🔺)0.830s81.30x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.156s (+2.8%)5.019s (+11.4% 🔺)1.863s61.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)6.418s (+112.3% 🔺)8.231s (+86.8% 🔺)1.813s52.03x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express3.471s (-0.9%)4.008s (~)0.537s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro3.473s (-0.9%)4.012s (~)0.539s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.903s4.263s0.360s81.12x
💻 LocalExpress7.878s (-5.6% 🟢)8.520s (-5.6% 🟢)0.642s42.27x
💻 LocalNitro8.893s (+14.8% 🔺)9.277s (+8.9% 🔺)0.384s42.56x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)3.211s (+5.7% 🔺)4.847s (+5.2% 🔺)1.636s71.00x
▲ VercelNitro5.803s (+93.1% 🔺)7.681s (+64.5% 🔺)1.878s41.81x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.247s2.008s0.761s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.254s (-3.2%)2.009s (~)0.755s151.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.260s (~)2.008s (~)0.748s151.01x
💻 LocalExpress1.544s (-1.3%)2.005s (~)0.462s151.24x
💻 LocalNitro1.555s (+3.3%)2.006s (~)0.451s151.25x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.051s (-5.4% 🟢)3.746s (+4.6%)1.696s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.245s (+14.9% 🔺)3.869s (+1.5%)1.623s81.10x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express2.336s (-1.8%)3.010s (~)0.674s101.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.357s (+0.9%)3.009s (~)0.652s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.424s3.008s0.583s101.04x
💻 LocalNitro3.095s (-11.5% 🟢)4.010s (~)0.915s81.32x
💻 LocalExpress3.236s (+2.0%)4.009s (+3.2%)0.774s81.39x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.518s (-3.8%)4.005s (-6.1% 🟢)1.487s81.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.602s (+4.9%)3.841s (-0.7%)1.240s81.03x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express3.472s (~)4.010s (~)0.538s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro3.474s (~)4.009s (~)0.535s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.667s4.011s0.344s81.06x
💻 LocalExpress8.582s (-16.0% 🟢)9.021s (-18.2% 🟢)0.439s42.47x
💻 LocalNitro9.450s (+11.2% 🔺)10.023s (+11.1% 🔺)0.573s32.72x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.624s (+1.3%)4.211s (-1.9%)1.587s81.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.409s (-1.6%)5.089s (+5.6% 🔺)1.680s71.30x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro0.799s (-4.4%)1.006s (-1.7%)0.206s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.818s1.023s0.205s591.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.832s (-3.7%)1.006s (~)0.174s601.04x
💻 LocalNitro1.024s (+39.0% 🔺)1.654s (+64.7% 🔺)0.630s371.28x
💻 LocalExpress1.058s (+4.3%)1.142s (-32.8% 🟢)0.084s581.32x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro8.747s (+2.1%)10.776s (+5.5% 🔺)2.029s61.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)8.892s (-0.5%)10.457s (-1.9%)1.565s61.02x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.915s (-1.5%)2.101s (~)0.186s431.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.951s (-9.5% 🟢)2.101s (-29.5% 🟢)0.150s431.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.003s2.377s0.375s381.05x
💻 LocalExpress2.992s (-3.2%)3.416s (-14.8% 🟢)0.423s271.56x
💻 LocalNitro3.029s (+18.0% 🔺)3.689s (+16.0% 🔺)0.661s251.58x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro26.784s (-9.0% 🟢)28.529s (-9.5% 🟢)1.745s41.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)29.112s (+1.7%)31.094s (+2.4%)1.982s31.09x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro3.822s (-4.2%)4.009s (-6.7% 🟢)0.187s301.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.974s4.297s0.322s281.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress4.004s (-7.2% 🟢)4.567s (-8.9% 🟢)0.563s271.05x
💻 LocalExpress9.092s (-1.3%)9.556s (-4.6%)0.464s132.38x
💻 LocalNitro9.290s (+20.4% 🔺)10.019s (+21.9% 🔺)0.729s122.43x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro70.585s (-1.5%)71.947s (-3.3%)1.361s21.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)76.593s (~)78.389s (~)1.797s21.09x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.248s1.007s0.759s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.284s (+0.7%)1.006s (~)0.722s601.14x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.285s (-3.5%)1.007s (~)0.722s601.15x
💻 LocalExpress0.593s (-0.6%)1.004s (-1.7%)0.411s602.39x
💻 LocalNitro0.609s (-8.2% 🟢)1.022s (+1.7%)0.413s592.46x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.404s (-48.6% 🟢)2.702s (-39.3% 🟢)1.298s231.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)1.943s (+34.1% 🔺)3.609s (+20.0% 🔺)1.666s171.38x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.489s1.006s0.518s901.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.497s (+1.8%)1.006s (~)0.509s901.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.508s (-3.3%)1.006s (~)0.499s901.04x
💻 LocalExpress2.443s (-2.7%)3.008s (~)0.566s305.00x
💻 LocalNitro2.574s (-6.3% 🟢)3.011s (-5.4% 🟢)0.437s305.27x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.506s (+1.4%)4.098s (-1.0%)1.593s221.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.287s (-2.3%)4.863s (+0.7%)1.576s191.31x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.776s1.006s0.231s1201.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.777s (-1.2%)1.007s (~)0.230s1201.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.807s (-4.0%)1.009s (-1.0%)0.202s1191.04x
💻 LocalExpress10.917s (-0.8%)11.391s (-2.3%)0.474s1114.07x
💻 LocalNitro11.341s (+1.8%)12.029s (+1.5%)0.687s1014.62x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)6.259s (-13.5% 🟢)7.901s (-8.3% 🟢)1.642s161.00x
▲ VercelNitro7.888s (+2.7%)9.732s (+4.1%)1.843s131.26x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.198s1.000s0.001s1.010s0.812s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress0.199s (-4.7%)1.004s (~)0.011s (-6.5% 🟢)1.017s (~)0.818s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.208s (+4.4%)0.992s (-0.7%)0.001s (-18.8% 🟢)1.011s (~)0.803s101.05x
💻 LocalNitro0.208s (+41.2% 🔺)1.004s (~)0.013s (+37.4% 🔺)1.019s (~)0.810s101.05x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.215s (~)0.998s (~)0.002s (-5.9% 🟢)1.009s (~)0.794s101.09x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.469s (-10.0% 🟢)2.801s (-5.8% 🟢)0.621s (+44.3% 🔺)3.890s (+2.7%)2.421s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro1.501s (-3.4%)2.785s (-6.9% 🟢)0.465s (-20.6% 🟢)3.691s (-7.9% 🟢)2.191s101.02x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro0.606s (~)1.004s (~)0.004s (-5.1% 🟢)1.022s (~)0.417s591.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.611s1.009s0.004s1.022s0.411s591.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.657s (+1.6%)1.001s (-0.5%)0.004s (-25.6% 🟢)1.023s (~)0.366s591.08x
💻 LocalExpress0.719s (-2.3%)1.012s (~)0.009s (-1.1%)1.023s (~)0.305s591.19x
💻 LocalNitro0.833s (+26.0% 🔺)1.013s (~)0.010s (-5.9% 🟢)1.118s (+9.0% 🔺)0.284s541.38x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.984s (-9.0% 🟢)5.377s (-10.3% 🟢)0.247s (-16.2% 🟢)6.046s (-11.3% 🟢)2.061s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.436s (+7.9% 🔺)6.001s (+7.5% 🔺)0.222s (-69.4% 🟢)6.697s (~)2.261s91.11x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.932s1.091s0.000s1.099s0.167s551.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.949s (~)1.123s (-2.1%)0.000s (-67.3% 🟢)1.141s (-1.8%)0.192s531.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.986s (-0.6%)1.260s (-5.7% 🟢)0.000s (-55.1% 🟢)1.286s (-6.1% 🟢)0.300s491.06x
💻 LocalExpress1.225s (-3.8%)2.020s (~)0.000s (-45.5% 🟢)2.022s (~)0.796s301.32x
💻 LocalNitro1.258s (-5.0% 🟢)2.022s (~)0.000s (-17.6% 🟢)2.024s (~)0.765s301.35x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.656s (+4.3%)3.750s (+4.6%)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)4.203s (+2.4%)1.547s151.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.038s (-6.6% 🟢)4.232s (-3.5%)0.000s (-7.1% 🟢)4.624s (-3.0%)1.585s141.14x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.762s (-1.2%)2.174s (+3.7%)0.000s (+107.1% 🔺)2.187s (+3.6%)0.426s281.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.792s (~)2.102s (-1.9%)0.000s (NaN%)2.136s (-0.8%)0.343s291.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.833s2.146s0.000s2.153s0.320s281.04x
💻 LocalExpress3.366s (-8.1% 🟢)4.032s (-3.3%)0.001s (+45.5% 🔺)4.037s (-3.2%)0.671s151.91x
💻 LocalNitro3.505s (-11.2% 🟢)4.034s (-11.0% 🟢)0.001s (-15.2% 🟢)4.037s (-11.0% 🟢)0.532s151.99x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.455s (-2.8%)4.584s (-6.3% 🟢)0.000s (-69.2% 🟢)5.022s (-5.7% 🟢)1.568s131.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.550s (-18.4% 🟢)4.574s (-18.0% 🟢)0.000s (-69.4% 🟢)5.020s (-16.0% 🟢)1.470s121.03x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalExpress18/21
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)9/21
▲ VercelNitro17/21
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express🐘 Postgres17/21
Next.js (Turbopack)🐘 Postgres19/21
Nitro🐘 Postgres18/21
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run


Some benchmark jobs failed:

  • Local: cancelled
  • Postgres: success
  • Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

@github-actions

github-actionsBot commented Apr 6, 2026

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Contributor

🧪 E2E Test Results

Some tests failed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production923067990
✅ 💻 Local Development89801821080
✅ 📦 Local Production89801821080
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres89801821080
✅ 🪟 Windows820890
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds1337424231
✅ 📋 Other228042270
Total4060746874821

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (74 failed)

mongodb (7 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNT37ZE6WDGF4553Q141Y7NE
  • webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KNT387HNCXSKZ8CGVS8T9WKG
  • fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KNT3BN2N7E8SR774M62AT213
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNT3FDT6KJ761D25DPCAV4SM
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
  • resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KNT3NDJTMN0763SWB09J8W7Z

redis (7 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNT37ZE6WDGF4553Q141Y7NE
  • webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KNT387HNCXSKZ8CGVS8T9WKG
  • fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KNT3BN2N7E8SR774M62AT213
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNT3FDT6KJ761D25DPCAV4SM
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
  • resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KNT3NDJTMN0763SWB09J8W7Z

turso (60 failed):

  • addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNT36X7A2W7081S89BPNCM5N
  • addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNT36X7A2W7081S89BPNCM5N
  • wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KNT373ZVKNTJ4NB95G4NRN6F
  • should work with react rendering in step
  • promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KNT3732FYZ50WJ04GCY0XJF2
  • promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KNT3773GGE9TZNCME8EPSCKR
  • promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KNT3792GZRG1N36XYBJ4W872
  • importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KNT37FTQFE51WDXQ5SKED09J
  • hookWorkflow | wrun_01KNT37NQD5JJ2A0HD53B1ZCJV
  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNT37ZE6WDGF4553Q141Y7NE
  • webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KNT387HNCXSKZ8CGVS8T9WKG
  • sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KNT38D1B6EMCY4V99P5M9D66
  • parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KNT38S4N7BK32HFNESP73XDV
  • nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KNT38YGEY5M2DY2DJ7J1F8TX
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KNT390J8322X255QYGW5ZXVR
  • fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KNT3BN2N7E8SR774M62AT213
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KNT3BRMBWF2T1RTG9YP3PY9V
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
  • error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
  • error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
  • error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
  • error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
  • error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
  • error handling not registered WorkflowNotRegisteredError fails the run when workflow does not exist
  • error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the step but workflow can catch it
  • error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the run when not caught in workflow
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KNT3EVB6PCA4SYTK6MY35FDV
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNT3FDT6KJ761D25DPCAV4SM
  • hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KNT3G0N2PGGK9S92HFD510ZR
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KNT3GM2CPB5ES894X96KEEHM
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KNT3GVDD80CW9EHD8KFQS8GG
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KNT3H04EEMMV7K2822A1SB2Q
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KNT3H1ZJ0YW85ZSRH7NK9X3A
  • runClassSerializationWorkflow - Run instances serialize across workflow/step boundaries | wrun_01KNT3HB9P31NCXQ2R3KH98XKW
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
  • pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KNT3HRC47VT316SDCZE10ZNK
  • Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KNT3HX28N40FQHGA4C16PKAK
  • AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KNT3J2ZEWCNHJR3CZ8K12BMD
  • ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KNT3J8PP8RYWXFE4GGF9TQ32
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KNT3JEB237KA64K5BAA7A2VP
  • customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KNT3JKZ1W22W53JP2VZVG8JS
  • instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KNT3JTR7PT2TVFPBQSJNMFM1
  • crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KNT3K47NBMH23R8HD6D6WCPR
  • stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KNT3KB6YHKE0Z7MKFZFGYFWN
  • cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KNT3KJ7SP6EW64B581QQBCD1
  • cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KNT3KTTH3Z2ABEBYST6SHJYZ
  • pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
  • hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KNT3M5GZC1GXJKD2R6C6QVV4
  • sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KNT3MS1Y1XQ0EP8G2NZKK5FK
  • sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KNT3N3QCQTM3WZR4QHW7CQKY
  • importMetaUrlWorkflow - import.meta.url is available in step bundles | wrun_01KNT3N9VPCHPWWGZGV9WTV97F
  • metadataFromHelperWorkflow - getWorkflowMetadata/getStepMetadata work from module-level helper (#1577) | wrun_01KNT3NBTAZ36Q2YMYVHMJQS14
  • resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KNT3NDJTMN0763SWB09J8W7Z
  • getterStepWorkflow - getter functions with "use step" directive | wrun_01KNT3NGHNP4JFF65AZ5KTV95W

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro8307
✅ example8307
✅ express8307
✅ fastify8307
✅ hono8307
✅ nextjs-turbopack8802
✅ nextjs-webpack8802
✅ nitro8307
✅ nuxt8307
✅ sveltekit8307
✅ vite8307
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable76014
✅ express-stable76014
✅ fastify-stable76014
✅ hono-stable76014
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary63027
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable8208
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary63027
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable8208
✅ nitro-stable76014
✅ nuxt-stable76014
✅ sveltekit-stable76014
✅ vite-stable76014
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable76014
✅ express-stable76014
✅ fastify-stable76014
✅ hono-stable76014
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary63027
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable8208
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary63027
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable8208
✅ nitro-stable76014
✅ nuxt-stable76014
✅ sveltekit-stable76014
✅ vite-stable76014
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable76014
✅ express-stable76014
✅ fastify-stable76014
✅ hono-stable76014
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary63027
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable8208
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary63027
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable8208
✅ nitro-stable76014
✅ nuxt-stable76014
✅ sveltekit-stable76014
✅ vite-stable76014
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack8208
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ mongodb-dev600
❌ mongodb5678
✅ redis-dev600
❌ redis5678
✅ turso-dev600
❌ turso3608
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable76014
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable76014
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable76014

📋 View full workflow run

@vercelvercelBot left a comment

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Contributor

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

Additional Suggestion:

Getter step registrations (instance and static) generate bare registerStepFunction(...) calls referencing an undefined function, causing runtime failures since workflow/internal/private was removed.

Fix on Vercel

CopilotAI left a comment

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Contributor

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

Pull request overview

This PR aims to make Run instances serializable/deserializable across step/runtime and workflow-VM boundaries via the class registry + WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE, and adds tests to validate roundtrips.

Changes:

  • Add custom class serialization hooks to @workflow/core’s Run and update runtime behavior to be workflow/step boundary friendly.
  • Expose Run from workflow/api and add runtime + e2e tests covering boundary roundtrips.
  • Add a changeset bumping @workflow/core and workflow for the new behavior.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 7 out of 7 changed files in this pull request and generated 3 comments.

Show a summary per file
FileDescription
workbench/example/workflows/99_e2e.tsAdds an example workflow that passes Run across workflow/step boundaries and asserts instanceof/behavior.
packages/workflow/src/api-workflow.tsChanges workflow-conditional workflow/api surface to export Run (previously a throwing stub).
packages/core/src/runtime/runs.test.tsAdds unit tests for Run custom serialization and step boundary roundtrip.
packages/core/src/runtime/run.tsImplements Run class serialization hooks and makes world access lazy; annotates methods/getters with 'use step'.
packages/core/package.jsonAdds a new ./runtime/run export.
packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.tsAdds an e2e test ensuring Run roundtrips across workflow/step boundaries in real execution.
.changeset/neat-runs-serialize.mdDeclares minor version bumps for the new Run serialization behavior.

💡 Add Copilot custom instructions for smarter, more guided reviews. Learn how to get started.

Comment threadpackages/workflow/src/api-workflow.ts
Comment threadpackages/core/package.json
Comment threadpackages/core/src/runtime/run.ts Outdated
Comment on lines +74 to +78
return { runId: instance.runId };
}

static [WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE](data: { runId: string }) {
return new Run(data.runId);

CopilotAIApr 9, 2026

Copy link

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

Run instances created by start() can carry resilientStart state that changes pollReturnValue() behavior (retries on WorkflowRunNotFoundError). The custom class serialization currently only persists { runId }, so after crossing a step/workflow boundary the deserialized Run will lose resilientStart and may fail fast on transient 404s. Include resilientStart (and set it in deserialization) so behavior is preserved across serialization boundaries.

Suggested change
return{runId: instance.runId};
}
static[WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE](data: {runId: string}){
returnnewRun(data.runId);
const{ runId, resilientStart }=instanceasRun<unknown>&{
resilientStart?: boolean;
};
return{ runId, resilientStart };
}
static[WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE](data: {
runId: string;
resilientStart?: boolean;
}){
construn=newRun(data.runId);
(runasRun<unknown>&{resilientStart?: boolean}).resilientStart=
data.resilientStart;
returnrun;

Copilot uses AI. Check for mistakes.

Copy link
Copy Markdown
MemberAuthor

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

Good catch. Fixed — WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE now includes resilientStart in the payload and WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE passes it to the constructor. Unit test updated.

@VaguelySeriousVaguelySerious left a comment

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Member

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

AI review: no blocking issues

Comment threadpackages/core/src/runtime/run.ts Outdated
}

static [WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE](data: { runId: string }) {
return new Run(data.runId);

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Member

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

AI Review: Note

WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE always constructs new Run(data.runId) and drops constructor options. start() can return new Run(runId, { resilientStart: true }) (see start.ts). If a Run with resilientStart: true is ever passed across a serde boundary, returnValue polling would lose the extra 404 retry behavior. If that combination is not supported, consider documenting it; if it might happen, consider including resilientStart in the serialized payload.

Copy link
Copy Markdown
MemberAuthor

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

Fixed in the same commit — resilientStart is now included in the serialized payload.

@VaguelySeriousVaguelySerious left a comment

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Member

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

AI review: no blocking issues

Comment threadpackages/core/package.json

@VaguelySeriousVaguelySerious left a comment

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Member

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

AI review: no blocking issues

Comment threadpackages/core/src/runtime/run.ts
Single Run class implementation:
- Add WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE to core Run class
- Mark all runtime-dependent methods/getters with "use step" so SWC
strips their bodies from the workflow bundle
- Remove duplicate Run stub from api-workflow.ts; re-export core Run
- SWC auto-registers the class (no manual registerSerializationClass)
- Add e2e test for Run serialization across workflow/step boundaries
- Add unit tests for serde roundtrip

CopilotAI left a comment

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Contributor

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

Pull request overview

Copilot reviewed 7 out of 7 changed files in this pull request and generated 1 comment.


💡 Add Copilot custom instructions for smarter, more guided reviews. Learn how to get started.

Comment on lines +246 to +256
const serialized = Run[WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE](run);
const deserialized = Run[WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE]({
runId: 'wrun_deserialize',
});

expect(serialized).toEqual({
runId: 'wrun_serialize',
resilientStart: false,
});
expect(deserialized).toBeInstanceOf(Run);
expect(deserialized.runId).toBe('wrun_deserialize');

CopilotAIApr 9, 2026

Copy link

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

The new serialization unit test only asserts resilientStart: false. Since resilientStart is now part of the serialized payload (and affects returnValue retry behavior), add a case that serializes/deserializes a Run created with resilientStart: true and asserts it roundtrips as true to prevent regressions.

Suggested change
constserialized=Run[WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE](run);
constdeserialized=Run[WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE]({
runId: 'wrun_deserialize',
});
expect(serialized).toEqual({
runId: 'wrun_serialize',
resilientStart: false,
});
expect(deserialized).toBeInstanceOf(Run);
expect(deserialized.runId).toBe('wrun_deserialize');
constserialized=Run[WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE](run);
constresilientRun=newRun('wrun_serialize_resilient',{
resilientStart: true,
});
constresilientSerialized=Run[WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE](resilientRun);
constdeserialized=Run[WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE]({
runId: 'wrun_deserialize',
});
constresilientDeserialized=Run[WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE]({
runId: 'wrun_deserialize_resilient',
resilientStart: true,
});
expect(serialized).toEqual({
runId: 'wrun_serialize',
resilientStart: false,
});
expect(resilientSerialized).toEqual({
runId: 'wrun_serialize_resilient',
resilientStart: true,
});
expect(deserialized).toBeInstanceOf(Run);
expect(deserialized.runId).toBe('wrun_deserialize');
expect(deserialized.resilientStart).toBe(false);
expect(resilientDeserialized).toBeInstanceOf(Run);
expect(resilientDeserialized.runId).toBe('wrun_deserialize_resilient');
expect(resilientDeserialized.resilientStart).toBe(true);

Copilot uses AI. Check for mistakes.
ijjk
ijjk approved these changes Apr 9, 2026
Sign up for freeto join this conversation on GitHub. Already have an account? Sign in to comment

Labels

None yet

Projects

None yet

Development

Successfully merging this pull request may close these issues.

4 participants

@TooTallNate@ijjk@VaguelySerious
, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { // Add copy buttons to all
 blocks
(function() {
function addCopyButtons() {
document.querySelectorAll('pre code').forEach(function(codeBlock) {
if (codeBlock.parentElement.hasAttribute('data-copy-added')) return;
codeBlock.parentElement.setAttribute('data-copy-added', 'true');
var btn = document.createElement('button');
btn.textContent = 'Copy';
btn.style.cssText = 'position:absolute;top:4px;right:4px;padding:2px 8px;font-size:11px;background:#4ecdc4;border:none;border-radius:4px;color:#1a1a2e;cursor:pointer;opacity:0.7;transition:opacity 0.2s;';
btn.onmouseover = function() { this.style.opacity = '1'; };
btn.onmouseout = function() { this.style.opacity = '0.7'; };
btn.onclick = function() {
navigator.clipboard.writeText(codeBlock.textContent).then(function() {
btn.textContent = 'Copied!';
setTimeout(function() { btn.textContent = 'Copy'; }, 1500);
});
};
codeBlock.parentElement.style.position = 'relative';
codeBlock.parentElement.appendChild(btn);
});
}
addCopyButtons();
// Re-run on dynamic content
var observer = new MutationObserver(addCopyButtons);
observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true });
})();
}
} catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Add Copy Buttons to Code Blocks]', __e); }
})();
(function(){
try {
var __m = "github.com";
var __re = new RegExp('^' + "github\\.com" + '
fix: serialize Run across runtime and workflow VM by TooTallNate · Pull Request #1616 · vercel/workflow · GitHub
Skip to content

fix: serialize Run across runtime and workflow VM - #1616

Merged
TooTallNate merged 5 commits into
mainfrom
codex/run-class-serialization-e2e
Apr 9, 2026
Merged

fix: serialize Run across runtime and workflow VM#1616
TooTallNate merged 5 commits into
mainfrom
codex/run-class-serialization-e2e

Conversation

@TooTallNate

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Member

Summary

  • switch Run in core runtime to custom class serialization (WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE / WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE) and register it in the class registry
  • make workflow-VM Run (workflow/api) deserializable and registry-registered so Run instances can cross step/workflow boundaries without bespoke reducer paths
  • add e2e coverage for Run boundary roundtrips in workbench/example/workflows/99_e2e.ts and packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts, plus runtime unit tests for class serde behavior
  • add a changeset for @workflow/core and workflow

Testing

  • pnpm --filter @workflow/core typecheck
  • pnpm --filter workflow typecheck
  • pnpm vitest run src/runtime/runs.test.ts -t "Run custom serialization" (from packages/core)

@changeset-bot

changeset-botBot commented Apr 6, 2026

Copy link
Copy Markdown

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 407a19f

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages
NameType
@workflow/coreMinor
workflowMinor
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/vitestPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/aiMajor
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

@vercel

vercelBot commented Apr 6, 2026

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Contributor

@github-actions

github-actionsBot commented Apr 6, 2026

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Contributor

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.043s (-0.7%)1.005s (~)0.963s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro0.044s (+17.5% 🔺)1.005s (~)0.961s101.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.056s1.010s0.955s101.32x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.060s (-10.1% 🟢)1.011s (~)0.951s101.40x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.061s (-2.7%)1.009s (~)0.948s101.44x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro0.207s (-26.7% 🟢)2.309s (-7.0% 🟢)2.102s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)0.236s (-46.9% 🟢)2.099s (-5.5% 🟢)1.863s101.14x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.127s (+2.2%)2.006s (~)0.880s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.130s (~)2.005s (~)0.875s101.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.142s (~)2.011s (~)0.869s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.142s2.011s0.869s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.150s (~)2.010s (~)0.861s101.02x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.885s (-10.1% 🟢)3.489s (-9.1% 🟢)1.604s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)1.916s (-7.5% 🟢)3.517s (-4.8%)1.600s101.02x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express10.896s (~)11.022s (~)0.126s31.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.905s (~)11.018s (~)0.113s31.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.907s11.019s0.112s31.00x
💻 LocalNitro10.909s (+2.2%)11.024s (~)0.115s31.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress10.941s (+0.7%)11.024s (~)0.083s31.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro16.877s (~)18.761s (-1.2%)1.885s21.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)17.610s (-0.9%)19.170s (+1.1%)1.560s21.04x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro14.482s (~)15.024s (~)0.541s41.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)14.511s15.026s0.515s41.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress14.589s (~)15.024s (~)0.435s41.01x
💻 LocalExpress14.890s (-1.1%)15.029s (-6.2% 🟢)0.139s41.03x
💻 LocalNitro15.019s (+5.6% 🔺)15.781s (+5.0% 🔺)0.762s41.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro30.535s (-2.8%)32.926s (-2.1%)2.392s21.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)35.051s (+3.3%)37.323s (+3.8%)2.272s21.15x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)13.862s14.164s0.302s71.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro13.905s (~)14.161s (+1.0%)0.256s71.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress14.308s (+1.6%)15.021s (+1.9%)0.713s61.03x
💻 LocalExpress16.460s (-2.8%)17.030s (~)0.569s61.19x
💻 LocalNitro16.904s (+13.3% 🔺)17.031s (+13.3% 🔺)0.127s61.22x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro206.024s (+282.0% 🔺)208.069s (+272.0% 🔺)2.045s21.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)208.680s (+281.3% 🔺)210.330s (+268.7% 🔺)1.650s21.01x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.232s2.010s0.778s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.276s (+0.8%)2.011s (~)0.735s151.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.283s (+0.8%)2.010s (~)0.727s151.04x
💻 LocalExpress1.527s (~)2.006s (~)0.479s151.24x
💻 LocalNitro1.530s (+2.3%)2.006s (~)0.476s151.24x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.035s (-18.4% 🟢)3.514s (-10.8% 🟢)1.479s91.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.512s (+5.8% 🔺)3.966s (+2.5%)1.453s81.23x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro2.347s (-0.5%)3.007s (~)0.661s101.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.369s (+1.7%)3.009s (~)0.640s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.421s3.010s0.589s101.03x
💻 LocalExpress2.861s (-10.1% 🟢)3.008s (-25.0% 🟢)0.147s101.22x
💻 LocalNitro3.054s (+11.9% 🔺)3.884s (+21.1% 🔺)0.830s81.30x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.156s (+2.8%)5.019s (+11.4% 🔺)1.863s61.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)6.418s (+112.3% 🔺)8.231s (+86.8% 🔺)1.813s52.03x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express3.471s (-0.9%)4.008s (~)0.537s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro3.473s (-0.9%)4.012s (~)0.539s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.903s4.263s0.360s81.12x
💻 LocalExpress7.878s (-5.6% 🟢)8.520s (-5.6% 🟢)0.642s42.27x
💻 LocalNitro8.893s (+14.8% 🔺)9.277s (+8.9% 🔺)0.384s42.56x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)3.211s (+5.7% 🔺)4.847s (+5.2% 🔺)1.636s71.00x
▲ VercelNitro5.803s (+93.1% 🔺)7.681s (+64.5% 🔺)1.878s41.81x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.247s2.008s0.761s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.254s (-3.2%)2.009s (~)0.755s151.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.260s (~)2.008s (~)0.748s151.01x
💻 LocalExpress1.544s (-1.3%)2.005s (~)0.462s151.24x
💻 LocalNitro1.555s (+3.3%)2.006s (~)0.451s151.25x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.051s (-5.4% 🟢)3.746s (+4.6%)1.696s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.245s (+14.9% 🔺)3.869s (+1.5%)1.623s81.10x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express2.336s (-1.8%)3.010s (~)0.674s101.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.357s (+0.9%)3.009s (~)0.652s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.424s3.008s0.583s101.04x
💻 LocalNitro3.095s (-11.5% 🟢)4.010s (~)0.915s81.32x
💻 LocalExpress3.236s (+2.0%)4.009s (+3.2%)0.774s81.39x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.518s (-3.8%)4.005s (-6.1% 🟢)1.487s81.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.602s (+4.9%)3.841s (-0.7%)1.240s81.03x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express3.472s (~)4.010s (~)0.538s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro3.474s (~)4.009s (~)0.535s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.667s4.011s0.344s81.06x
💻 LocalExpress8.582s (-16.0% 🟢)9.021s (-18.2% 🟢)0.439s42.47x
💻 LocalNitro9.450s (+11.2% 🔺)10.023s (+11.1% 🔺)0.573s32.72x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.624s (+1.3%)4.211s (-1.9%)1.587s81.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.409s (-1.6%)5.089s (+5.6% 🔺)1.680s71.30x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro0.799s (-4.4%)1.006s (-1.7%)0.206s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.818s1.023s0.205s591.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.832s (-3.7%)1.006s (~)0.174s601.04x
💻 LocalNitro1.024s (+39.0% 🔺)1.654s (+64.7% 🔺)0.630s371.28x
💻 LocalExpress1.058s (+4.3%)1.142s (-32.8% 🟢)0.084s581.32x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro8.747s (+2.1%)10.776s (+5.5% 🔺)2.029s61.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)8.892s (-0.5%)10.457s (-1.9%)1.565s61.02x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.915s (-1.5%)2.101s (~)0.186s431.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.951s (-9.5% 🟢)2.101s (-29.5% 🟢)0.150s431.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.003s2.377s0.375s381.05x
💻 LocalExpress2.992s (-3.2%)3.416s (-14.8% 🟢)0.423s271.56x
💻 LocalNitro3.029s (+18.0% 🔺)3.689s (+16.0% 🔺)0.661s251.58x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro26.784s (-9.0% 🟢)28.529s (-9.5% 🟢)1.745s41.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)29.112s (+1.7%)31.094s (+2.4%)1.982s31.09x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro3.822s (-4.2%)4.009s (-6.7% 🟢)0.187s301.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.974s4.297s0.322s281.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress4.004s (-7.2% 🟢)4.567s (-8.9% 🟢)0.563s271.05x
💻 LocalExpress9.092s (-1.3%)9.556s (-4.6%)0.464s132.38x
💻 LocalNitro9.290s (+20.4% 🔺)10.019s (+21.9% 🔺)0.729s122.43x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro70.585s (-1.5%)71.947s (-3.3%)1.361s21.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)76.593s (~)78.389s (~)1.797s21.09x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.248s1.007s0.759s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.284s (+0.7%)1.006s (~)0.722s601.14x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.285s (-3.5%)1.007s (~)0.722s601.15x
💻 LocalExpress0.593s (-0.6%)1.004s (-1.7%)0.411s602.39x
💻 LocalNitro0.609s (-8.2% 🟢)1.022s (+1.7%)0.413s592.46x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.404s (-48.6% 🟢)2.702s (-39.3% 🟢)1.298s231.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)1.943s (+34.1% 🔺)3.609s (+20.0% 🔺)1.666s171.38x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.489s1.006s0.518s901.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.497s (+1.8%)1.006s (~)0.509s901.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.508s (-3.3%)1.006s (~)0.499s901.04x
💻 LocalExpress2.443s (-2.7%)3.008s (~)0.566s305.00x
💻 LocalNitro2.574s (-6.3% 🟢)3.011s (-5.4% 🟢)0.437s305.27x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.506s (+1.4%)4.098s (-1.0%)1.593s221.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.287s (-2.3%)4.863s (+0.7%)1.576s191.31x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.776s1.006s0.231s1201.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.777s (-1.2%)1.007s (~)0.230s1201.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.807s (-4.0%)1.009s (-1.0%)0.202s1191.04x
💻 LocalExpress10.917s (-0.8%)11.391s (-2.3%)0.474s1114.07x
💻 LocalNitro11.341s (+1.8%)12.029s (+1.5%)0.687s1014.62x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)6.259s (-13.5% 🟢)7.901s (-8.3% 🟢)1.642s161.00x
▲ VercelNitro7.888s (+2.7%)9.732s (+4.1%)1.843s131.26x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.198s1.000s0.001s1.010s0.812s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress0.199s (-4.7%)1.004s (~)0.011s (-6.5% 🟢)1.017s (~)0.818s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.208s (+4.4%)0.992s (-0.7%)0.001s (-18.8% 🟢)1.011s (~)0.803s101.05x
💻 LocalNitro0.208s (+41.2% 🔺)1.004s (~)0.013s (+37.4% 🔺)1.019s (~)0.810s101.05x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.215s (~)0.998s (~)0.002s (-5.9% 🟢)1.009s (~)0.794s101.09x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.469s (-10.0% 🟢)2.801s (-5.8% 🟢)0.621s (+44.3% 🔺)3.890s (+2.7%)2.421s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro1.501s (-3.4%)2.785s (-6.9% 🟢)0.465s (-20.6% 🟢)3.691s (-7.9% 🟢)2.191s101.02x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro0.606s (~)1.004s (~)0.004s (-5.1% 🟢)1.022s (~)0.417s591.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.611s1.009s0.004s1.022s0.411s591.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.657s (+1.6%)1.001s (-0.5%)0.004s (-25.6% 🟢)1.023s (~)0.366s591.08x
💻 LocalExpress0.719s (-2.3%)1.012s (~)0.009s (-1.1%)1.023s (~)0.305s591.19x
💻 LocalNitro0.833s (+26.0% 🔺)1.013s (~)0.010s (-5.9% 🟢)1.118s (+9.0% 🔺)0.284s541.38x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.984s (-9.0% 🟢)5.377s (-10.3% 🟢)0.247s (-16.2% 🟢)6.046s (-11.3% 🟢)2.061s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.436s (+7.9% 🔺)6.001s (+7.5% 🔺)0.222s (-69.4% 🟢)6.697s (~)2.261s91.11x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.932s1.091s0.000s1.099s0.167s551.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.949s (~)1.123s (-2.1%)0.000s (-67.3% 🟢)1.141s (-1.8%)0.192s531.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.986s (-0.6%)1.260s (-5.7% 🟢)0.000s (-55.1% 🟢)1.286s (-6.1% 🟢)0.300s491.06x
💻 LocalExpress1.225s (-3.8%)2.020s (~)0.000s (-45.5% 🟢)2.022s (~)0.796s301.32x
💻 LocalNitro1.258s (-5.0% 🟢)2.022s (~)0.000s (-17.6% 🟢)2.024s (~)0.765s301.35x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.656s (+4.3%)3.750s (+4.6%)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)4.203s (+2.4%)1.547s151.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.038s (-6.6% 🟢)4.232s (-3.5%)0.000s (-7.1% 🟢)4.624s (-3.0%)1.585s141.14x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.762s (-1.2%)2.174s (+3.7%)0.000s (+107.1% 🔺)2.187s (+3.6%)0.426s281.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.792s (~)2.102s (-1.9%)0.000s (NaN%)2.136s (-0.8%)0.343s291.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.833s2.146s0.000s2.153s0.320s281.04x
💻 LocalExpress3.366s (-8.1% 🟢)4.032s (-3.3%)0.001s (+45.5% 🔺)4.037s (-3.2%)0.671s151.91x
💻 LocalNitro3.505s (-11.2% 🟢)4.034s (-11.0% 🟢)0.001s (-15.2% 🟢)4.037s (-11.0% 🟢)0.532s151.99x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.455s (-2.8%)4.584s (-6.3% 🟢)0.000s (-69.2% 🟢)5.022s (-5.7% 🟢)1.568s131.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.550s (-18.4% 🟢)4.574s (-18.0% 🟢)0.000s (-69.4% 🟢)5.020s (-16.0% 🟢)1.470s121.03x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalExpress18/21
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)9/21
▲ VercelNitro17/21
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express🐘 Postgres17/21
Next.js (Turbopack)🐘 Postgres19/21
Nitro🐘 Postgres18/21
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run


Some benchmark jobs failed:

  • Local: cancelled
  • Postgres: success
  • Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

@github-actions

github-actionsBot commented Apr 6, 2026

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Contributor

🧪 E2E Test Results

Some tests failed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production923067990
✅ 💻 Local Development89801821080
✅ 📦 Local Production89801821080
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres89801821080
✅ 🪟 Windows820890
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds1337424231
✅ 📋 Other228042270
Total4060746874821

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (74 failed)

mongodb (7 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNT37ZE6WDGF4553Q141Y7NE
  • webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KNT387HNCXSKZ8CGVS8T9WKG
  • fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KNT3BN2N7E8SR774M62AT213
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNT3FDT6KJ761D25DPCAV4SM
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
  • resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KNT3NDJTMN0763SWB09J8W7Z

redis (7 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNT37ZE6WDGF4553Q141Y7NE
  • webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KNT387HNCXSKZ8CGVS8T9WKG
  • fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KNT3BN2N7E8SR774M62AT213
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNT3FDT6KJ761D25DPCAV4SM
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
  • resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KNT3NDJTMN0763SWB09J8W7Z

turso (60 failed):

  • addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNT36X7A2W7081S89BPNCM5N
  • addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNT36X7A2W7081S89BPNCM5N
  • wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KNT373ZVKNTJ4NB95G4NRN6F
  • should work with react rendering in step
  • promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KNT3732FYZ50WJ04GCY0XJF2
  • promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KNT3773GGE9TZNCME8EPSCKR
  • promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KNT3792GZRG1N36XYBJ4W872
  • importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KNT37FTQFE51WDXQ5SKED09J
  • hookWorkflow | wrun_01KNT37NQD5JJ2A0HD53B1ZCJV
  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNT37ZE6WDGF4553Q141Y7NE
  • webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KNT387HNCXSKZ8CGVS8T9WKG
  • sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KNT38D1B6EMCY4V99P5M9D66
  • parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KNT38S4N7BK32HFNESP73XDV
  • nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KNT38YGEY5M2DY2DJ7J1F8TX
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KNT390J8322X255QYGW5ZXVR
  • fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KNT3BN2N7E8SR774M62AT213
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KNT3BRMBWF2T1RTG9YP3PY9V
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
  • error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
  • error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
  • error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
  • error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
  • error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
  • error handling not registered WorkflowNotRegisteredError fails the run when workflow does not exist
  • error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the step but workflow can catch it
  • error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the run when not caught in workflow
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KNT3EVB6PCA4SYTK6MY35FDV
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNT3FDT6KJ761D25DPCAV4SM
  • hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KNT3G0N2PGGK9S92HFD510ZR
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KNT3GM2CPB5ES894X96KEEHM
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KNT3GVDD80CW9EHD8KFQS8GG
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KNT3H04EEMMV7K2822A1SB2Q
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KNT3H1ZJ0YW85ZSRH7NK9X3A
  • runClassSerializationWorkflow - Run instances serialize across workflow/step boundaries | wrun_01KNT3HB9P31NCXQ2R3KH98XKW
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
  • pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KNT3HRC47VT316SDCZE10ZNK
  • Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KNT3HX28N40FQHGA4C16PKAK
  • AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KNT3J2ZEWCNHJR3CZ8K12BMD
  • ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KNT3J8PP8RYWXFE4GGF9TQ32
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KNT3JEB237KA64K5BAA7A2VP
  • customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KNT3JKZ1W22W53JP2VZVG8JS
  • instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KNT3JTR7PT2TVFPBQSJNMFM1
  • crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KNT3K47NBMH23R8HD6D6WCPR
  • stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KNT3KB6YHKE0Z7MKFZFGYFWN
  • cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KNT3KJ7SP6EW64B581QQBCD1
  • cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KNT3KTTH3Z2ABEBYST6SHJYZ
  • pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
  • hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KNT3M5GZC1GXJKD2R6C6QVV4
  • sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KNT3MS1Y1XQ0EP8G2NZKK5FK
  • sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KNT3N3QCQTM3WZR4QHW7CQKY
  • importMetaUrlWorkflow - import.meta.url is available in step bundles | wrun_01KNT3N9VPCHPWWGZGV9WTV97F
  • metadataFromHelperWorkflow - getWorkflowMetadata/getStepMetadata work from module-level helper (#1577) | wrun_01KNT3NBTAZ36Q2YMYVHMJQS14
  • resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KNT3NDJTMN0763SWB09J8W7Z
  • getterStepWorkflow - getter functions with "use step" directive | wrun_01KNT3NGHNP4JFF65AZ5KTV95W

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro8307
✅ example8307
✅ express8307
✅ fastify8307
✅ hono8307
✅ nextjs-turbopack8802
✅ nextjs-webpack8802
✅ nitro8307
✅ nuxt8307
✅ sveltekit8307
✅ vite8307
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable76014
✅ express-stable76014
✅ fastify-stable76014
✅ hono-stable76014
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary63027
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable8208
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary63027
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable8208
✅ nitro-stable76014
✅ nuxt-stable76014
✅ sveltekit-stable76014
✅ vite-stable76014
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable76014
✅ express-stable76014
✅ fastify-stable76014
✅ hono-stable76014
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary63027
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable8208
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary63027
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable8208
✅ nitro-stable76014
✅ nuxt-stable76014
✅ sveltekit-stable76014
✅ vite-stable76014
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable76014
✅ express-stable76014
✅ fastify-stable76014
✅ hono-stable76014
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary63027
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable8208
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary63027
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable8208
✅ nitro-stable76014
✅ nuxt-stable76014
✅ sveltekit-stable76014
✅ vite-stable76014
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack8208
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ mongodb-dev600
❌ mongodb5678
✅ redis-dev600
❌ redis5678
✅ turso-dev600
❌ turso3608
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable76014
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable76014
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable76014

📋 View full workflow run

@vercelvercelBot left a comment

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Contributor

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

Additional Suggestion:

Getter step registrations (instance and static) generate bare registerStepFunction(...) calls referencing an undefined function, causing runtime failures since workflow/internal/private was removed.

Fix on Vercel

CopilotAI left a comment

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Contributor

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

Pull request overview

This PR aims to make Run instances serializable/deserializable across step/runtime and workflow-VM boundaries via the class registry + WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE, and adds tests to validate roundtrips.

Changes:

  • Add custom class serialization hooks to @workflow/core’s Run and update runtime behavior to be workflow/step boundary friendly.
  • Expose Run from workflow/api and add runtime + e2e tests covering boundary roundtrips.
  • Add a changeset bumping @workflow/core and workflow for the new behavior.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 7 out of 7 changed files in this pull request and generated 3 comments.

Show a summary per file
FileDescription
workbench/example/workflows/99_e2e.tsAdds an example workflow that passes Run across workflow/step boundaries and asserts instanceof/behavior.
packages/workflow/src/api-workflow.tsChanges workflow-conditional workflow/api surface to export Run (previously a throwing stub).
packages/core/src/runtime/runs.test.tsAdds unit tests for Run custom serialization and step boundary roundtrip.
packages/core/src/runtime/run.tsImplements Run class serialization hooks and makes world access lazy; annotates methods/getters with 'use step'.
packages/core/package.jsonAdds a new ./runtime/run export.
packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.tsAdds an e2e test ensuring Run roundtrips across workflow/step boundaries in real execution.
.changeset/neat-runs-serialize.mdDeclares minor version bumps for the new Run serialization behavior.

💡 Add Copilot custom instructions for smarter, more guided reviews. Learn how to get started.

Comment threadpackages/workflow/src/api-workflow.ts
Comment threadpackages/core/package.json
Comment threadpackages/core/src/runtime/run.ts Outdated
Comment on lines +74 to +78
return { runId: instance.runId };
}

static [WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE](data: { runId: string }) {
return new Run(data.runId);

CopilotAIApr 9, 2026

Copy link

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

Run instances created by start() can carry resilientStart state that changes pollReturnValue() behavior (retries on WorkflowRunNotFoundError). The custom class serialization currently only persists { runId }, so after crossing a step/workflow boundary the deserialized Run will lose resilientStart and may fail fast on transient 404s. Include resilientStart (and set it in deserialization) so behavior is preserved across serialization boundaries.

Suggested change
return{runId: instance.runId};
}
static[WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE](data: {runId: string}){
returnnewRun(data.runId);
const{ runId, resilientStart }=instanceasRun<unknown>&{
resilientStart?: boolean;
};
return{ runId, resilientStart };
}
static[WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE](data: {
runId: string;
resilientStart?: boolean;
}){
construn=newRun(data.runId);
(runasRun<unknown>&{resilientStart?: boolean}).resilientStart=
data.resilientStart;
returnrun;

Copilot uses AI. Check for mistakes.

Copy link
Copy Markdown
MemberAuthor

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

Good catch. Fixed — WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE now includes resilientStart in the payload and WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE passes it to the constructor. Unit test updated.

@VaguelySeriousVaguelySerious left a comment

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Member

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

AI review: no blocking issues

Comment threadpackages/core/src/runtime/run.ts Outdated
}

static [WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE](data: { runId: string }) {
return new Run(data.runId);

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Member

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

AI Review: Note

WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE always constructs new Run(data.runId) and drops constructor options. start() can return new Run(runId, { resilientStart: true }) (see start.ts). If a Run with resilientStart: true is ever passed across a serde boundary, returnValue polling would lose the extra 404 retry behavior. If that combination is not supported, consider documenting it; if it might happen, consider including resilientStart in the serialized payload.

Copy link
Copy Markdown
MemberAuthor

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

Fixed in the same commit — resilientStart is now included in the serialized payload.

@VaguelySeriousVaguelySerious left a comment

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Member

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

AI review: no blocking issues

Comment threadpackages/core/package.json

@VaguelySeriousVaguelySerious left a comment

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Member

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

AI review: no blocking issues

Comment threadpackages/core/src/runtime/run.ts
Single Run class implementation:
- Add WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE to core Run class
- Mark all runtime-dependent methods/getters with "use step" so SWC
strips their bodies from the workflow bundle
- Remove duplicate Run stub from api-workflow.ts; re-export core Run
- SWC auto-registers the class (no manual registerSerializationClass)
- Add e2e test for Run serialization across workflow/step boundaries
- Add unit tests for serde roundtrip

CopilotAI left a comment

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Contributor

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

Pull request overview

Copilot reviewed 7 out of 7 changed files in this pull request and generated 1 comment.


💡 Add Copilot custom instructions for smarter, more guided reviews. Learn how to get started.

Comment on lines +246 to +256
const serialized = Run[WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE](run);
const deserialized = Run[WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE]({
runId: 'wrun_deserialize',
});

expect(serialized).toEqual({
runId: 'wrun_serialize',
resilientStart: false,
});
expect(deserialized).toBeInstanceOf(Run);
expect(deserialized.runId).toBe('wrun_deserialize');

CopilotAIApr 9, 2026

Copy link

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

The new serialization unit test only asserts resilientStart: false. Since resilientStart is now part of the serialized payload (and affects returnValue retry behavior), add a case that serializes/deserializes a Run created with resilientStart: true and asserts it roundtrips as true to prevent regressions.

Suggested change
constserialized=Run[WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE](run);
constdeserialized=Run[WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE]({
runId: 'wrun_deserialize',
});
expect(serialized).toEqual({
runId: 'wrun_serialize',
resilientStart: false,
});
expect(deserialized).toBeInstanceOf(Run);
expect(deserialized.runId).toBe('wrun_deserialize');
constserialized=Run[WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE](run);
constresilientRun=newRun('wrun_serialize_resilient',{
resilientStart: true,
});
constresilientSerialized=Run[WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE](resilientRun);
constdeserialized=Run[WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE]({
runId: 'wrun_deserialize',
});
constresilientDeserialized=Run[WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE]({
runId: 'wrun_deserialize_resilient',
resilientStart: true,
});
expect(serialized).toEqual({
runId: 'wrun_serialize',
resilientStart: false,
});
expect(resilientSerialized).toEqual({
runId: 'wrun_serialize_resilient',
resilientStart: true,
});
expect(deserialized).toBeInstanceOf(Run);
expect(deserialized.runId).toBe('wrun_deserialize');
expect(deserialized.resilientStart).toBe(false);
expect(resilientDeserialized).toBeInstanceOf(Run);
expect(resilientDeserialized.runId).toBe('wrun_deserialize_resilient');
expect(resilientDeserialized.resilientStart).toBe(true);

Copilot uses AI. Check for mistakes.
ijjk
ijjk approved these changes Apr 9, 2026
Sign up for freeto join this conversation on GitHub. Already have an account? Sign in to comment

Labels

None yet

Projects

None yet

Development

Successfully merging this pull request may close these issues.

4 participants

@TooTallNate@ijjk@VaguelySerious
, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { // Force GitHub README to respect dark mode (function() { var style = document.createElement('style'); style.textContent = ' .markdown-body { color-scheme: dark light; } .markdown-body pre { background: #161b22 !important; } .markdown-body code { background: rgba(110, 118, 129, 0.4) !important; } .markdown-body table th, .markdown-body table td { border-color: #30363d !important; } .markdown-body img { background: #0d1117; } .markdown-body blockquote { border-left-color: #8b949e; } .markdown-body hr { border-color: #30363d; } '; document.head.appendChild(style); })(); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:GitHub Dark Mode README Fix]', __e); } })(); (function(){ try { var __m = "*"; var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + ' fix: serialize Run across runtime and workflow VM by TooTallNate · Pull Request #1616 · vercel/workflow · GitHub
Skip to content

fix: serialize Run across runtime and workflow VM - #1616

Merged
TooTallNate merged 5 commits into
mainfrom
codex/run-class-serialization-e2e
Apr 9, 2026
Merged

fix: serialize Run across runtime and workflow VM#1616
TooTallNate merged 5 commits into
mainfrom
codex/run-class-serialization-e2e

Conversation

@TooTallNate

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Member

Summary

  • switch Run in core runtime to custom class serialization (WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE / WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE) and register it in the class registry
  • make workflow-VM Run (workflow/api) deserializable and registry-registered so Run instances can cross step/workflow boundaries without bespoke reducer paths
  • add e2e coverage for Run boundary roundtrips in workbench/example/workflows/99_e2e.ts and packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts, plus runtime unit tests for class serde behavior
  • add a changeset for @workflow/core and workflow

Testing

  • pnpm --filter @workflow/core typecheck
  • pnpm --filter workflow typecheck
  • pnpm vitest run src/runtime/runs.test.ts -t "Run custom serialization" (from packages/core)

@changeset-bot

changeset-botBot commented Apr 6, 2026

Copy link
Copy Markdown

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 407a19f

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages
NameType
@workflow/coreMinor
workflowMinor
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/vitestPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/aiMajor
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

@vercel

vercelBot commented Apr 6, 2026

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Contributor

@github-actions

github-actionsBot commented Apr 6, 2026

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Contributor

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.043s (-0.7%)1.005s (~)0.963s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro0.044s (+17.5% 🔺)1.005s (~)0.961s101.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.056s1.010s0.955s101.32x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.060s (-10.1% 🟢)1.011s (~)0.951s101.40x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.061s (-2.7%)1.009s (~)0.948s101.44x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro0.207s (-26.7% 🟢)2.309s (-7.0% 🟢)2.102s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)0.236s (-46.9% 🟢)2.099s (-5.5% 🟢)1.863s101.14x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.127s (+2.2%)2.006s (~)0.880s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.130s (~)2.005s (~)0.875s101.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.142s (~)2.011s (~)0.869s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.142s2.011s0.869s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.150s (~)2.010s (~)0.861s101.02x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.885s (-10.1% 🟢)3.489s (-9.1% 🟢)1.604s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)1.916s (-7.5% 🟢)3.517s (-4.8%)1.600s101.02x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express10.896s (~)11.022s (~)0.126s31.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.905s (~)11.018s (~)0.113s31.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.907s11.019s0.112s31.00x
💻 LocalNitro10.909s (+2.2%)11.024s (~)0.115s31.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress10.941s (+0.7%)11.024s (~)0.083s31.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro16.877s (~)18.761s (-1.2%)1.885s21.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)17.610s (-0.9%)19.170s (+1.1%)1.560s21.04x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro14.482s (~)15.024s (~)0.541s41.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)14.511s15.026s0.515s41.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress14.589s (~)15.024s (~)0.435s41.01x
💻 LocalExpress14.890s (-1.1%)15.029s (-6.2% 🟢)0.139s41.03x
💻 LocalNitro15.019s (+5.6% 🔺)15.781s (+5.0% 🔺)0.762s41.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro30.535s (-2.8%)32.926s (-2.1%)2.392s21.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)35.051s (+3.3%)37.323s (+3.8%)2.272s21.15x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)13.862s14.164s0.302s71.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro13.905s (~)14.161s (+1.0%)0.256s71.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress14.308s (+1.6%)15.021s (+1.9%)0.713s61.03x
💻 LocalExpress16.460s (-2.8%)17.030s (~)0.569s61.19x
💻 LocalNitro16.904s (+13.3% 🔺)17.031s (+13.3% 🔺)0.127s61.22x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro206.024s (+282.0% 🔺)208.069s (+272.0% 🔺)2.045s21.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)208.680s (+281.3% 🔺)210.330s (+268.7% 🔺)1.650s21.01x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.232s2.010s0.778s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.276s (+0.8%)2.011s (~)0.735s151.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.283s (+0.8%)2.010s (~)0.727s151.04x
💻 LocalExpress1.527s (~)2.006s (~)0.479s151.24x
💻 LocalNitro1.530s (+2.3%)2.006s (~)0.476s151.24x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.035s (-18.4% 🟢)3.514s (-10.8% 🟢)1.479s91.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.512s (+5.8% 🔺)3.966s (+2.5%)1.453s81.23x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro2.347s (-0.5%)3.007s (~)0.661s101.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.369s (+1.7%)3.009s (~)0.640s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.421s3.010s0.589s101.03x
💻 LocalExpress2.861s (-10.1% 🟢)3.008s (-25.0% 🟢)0.147s101.22x
💻 LocalNitro3.054s (+11.9% 🔺)3.884s (+21.1% 🔺)0.830s81.30x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.156s (+2.8%)5.019s (+11.4% 🔺)1.863s61.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)6.418s (+112.3% 🔺)8.231s (+86.8% 🔺)1.813s52.03x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express3.471s (-0.9%)4.008s (~)0.537s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro3.473s (-0.9%)4.012s (~)0.539s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.903s4.263s0.360s81.12x
💻 LocalExpress7.878s (-5.6% 🟢)8.520s (-5.6% 🟢)0.642s42.27x
💻 LocalNitro8.893s (+14.8% 🔺)9.277s (+8.9% 🔺)0.384s42.56x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)3.211s (+5.7% 🔺)4.847s (+5.2% 🔺)1.636s71.00x
▲ VercelNitro5.803s (+93.1% 🔺)7.681s (+64.5% 🔺)1.878s41.81x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.247s2.008s0.761s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.254s (-3.2%)2.009s (~)0.755s151.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.260s (~)2.008s (~)0.748s151.01x
💻 LocalExpress1.544s (-1.3%)2.005s (~)0.462s151.24x
💻 LocalNitro1.555s (+3.3%)2.006s (~)0.451s151.25x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.051s (-5.4% 🟢)3.746s (+4.6%)1.696s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.245s (+14.9% 🔺)3.869s (+1.5%)1.623s81.10x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express2.336s (-1.8%)3.010s (~)0.674s101.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.357s (+0.9%)3.009s (~)0.652s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.424s3.008s0.583s101.04x
💻 LocalNitro3.095s (-11.5% 🟢)4.010s (~)0.915s81.32x
💻 LocalExpress3.236s (+2.0%)4.009s (+3.2%)0.774s81.39x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.518s (-3.8%)4.005s (-6.1% 🟢)1.487s81.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.602s (+4.9%)3.841s (-0.7%)1.240s81.03x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express3.472s (~)4.010s (~)0.538s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro3.474s (~)4.009s (~)0.535s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.667s4.011s0.344s81.06x
💻 LocalExpress8.582s (-16.0% 🟢)9.021s (-18.2% 🟢)0.439s42.47x
💻 LocalNitro9.450s (+11.2% 🔺)10.023s (+11.1% 🔺)0.573s32.72x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.624s (+1.3%)4.211s (-1.9%)1.587s81.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.409s (-1.6%)5.089s (+5.6% 🔺)1.680s71.30x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro0.799s (-4.4%)1.006s (-1.7%)0.206s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.818s1.023s0.205s591.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.832s (-3.7%)1.006s (~)0.174s601.04x
💻 LocalNitro1.024s (+39.0% 🔺)1.654s (+64.7% 🔺)0.630s371.28x
💻 LocalExpress1.058s (+4.3%)1.142s (-32.8% 🟢)0.084s581.32x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro8.747s (+2.1%)10.776s (+5.5% 🔺)2.029s61.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)8.892s (-0.5%)10.457s (-1.9%)1.565s61.02x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.915s (-1.5%)2.101s (~)0.186s431.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.951s (-9.5% 🟢)2.101s (-29.5% 🟢)0.150s431.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.003s2.377s0.375s381.05x
💻 LocalExpress2.992s (-3.2%)3.416s (-14.8% 🟢)0.423s271.56x
💻 LocalNitro3.029s (+18.0% 🔺)3.689s (+16.0% 🔺)0.661s251.58x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro26.784s (-9.0% 🟢)28.529s (-9.5% 🟢)1.745s41.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)29.112s (+1.7%)31.094s (+2.4%)1.982s31.09x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro3.822s (-4.2%)4.009s (-6.7% 🟢)0.187s301.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.974s4.297s0.322s281.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress4.004s (-7.2% 🟢)4.567s (-8.9% 🟢)0.563s271.05x
💻 LocalExpress9.092s (-1.3%)9.556s (-4.6%)0.464s132.38x
💻 LocalNitro9.290s (+20.4% 🔺)10.019s (+21.9% 🔺)0.729s122.43x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro70.585s (-1.5%)71.947s (-3.3%)1.361s21.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)76.593s (~)78.389s (~)1.797s21.09x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.248s1.007s0.759s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.284s (+0.7%)1.006s (~)0.722s601.14x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.285s (-3.5%)1.007s (~)0.722s601.15x
💻 LocalExpress0.593s (-0.6%)1.004s (-1.7%)0.411s602.39x
💻 LocalNitro0.609s (-8.2% 🟢)1.022s (+1.7%)0.413s592.46x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.404s (-48.6% 🟢)2.702s (-39.3% 🟢)1.298s231.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)1.943s (+34.1% 🔺)3.609s (+20.0% 🔺)1.666s171.38x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.489s1.006s0.518s901.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.497s (+1.8%)1.006s (~)0.509s901.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.508s (-3.3%)1.006s (~)0.499s901.04x
💻 LocalExpress2.443s (-2.7%)3.008s (~)0.566s305.00x
💻 LocalNitro2.574s (-6.3% 🟢)3.011s (-5.4% 🟢)0.437s305.27x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.506s (+1.4%)4.098s (-1.0%)1.593s221.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.287s (-2.3%)4.863s (+0.7%)1.576s191.31x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.776s1.006s0.231s1201.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.777s (-1.2%)1.007s (~)0.230s1201.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.807s (-4.0%)1.009s (-1.0%)0.202s1191.04x
💻 LocalExpress10.917s (-0.8%)11.391s (-2.3%)0.474s1114.07x
💻 LocalNitro11.341s (+1.8%)12.029s (+1.5%)0.687s1014.62x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)6.259s (-13.5% 🟢)7.901s (-8.3% 🟢)1.642s161.00x
▲ VercelNitro7.888s (+2.7%)9.732s (+4.1%)1.843s131.26x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.198s1.000s0.001s1.010s0.812s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress0.199s (-4.7%)1.004s (~)0.011s (-6.5% 🟢)1.017s (~)0.818s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.208s (+4.4%)0.992s (-0.7%)0.001s (-18.8% 🟢)1.011s (~)0.803s101.05x
💻 LocalNitro0.208s (+41.2% 🔺)1.004s (~)0.013s (+37.4% 🔺)1.019s (~)0.810s101.05x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.215s (~)0.998s (~)0.002s (-5.9% 🟢)1.009s (~)0.794s101.09x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.469s (-10.0% 🟢)2.801s (-5.8% 🟢)0.621s (+44.3% 🔺)3.890s (+2.7%)2.421s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro1.501s (-3.4%)2.785s (-6.9% 🟢)0.465s (-20.6% 🟢)3.691s (-7.9% 🟢)2.191s101.02x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro0.606s (~)1.004s (~)0.004s (-5.1% 🟢)1.022s (~)0.417s591.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.611s1.009s0.004s1.022s0.411s591.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.657s (+1.6%)1.001s (-0.5%)0.004s (-25.6% 🟢)1.023s (~)0.366s591.08x
💻 LocalExpress0.719s (-2.3%)1.012s (~)0.009s (-1.1%)1.023s (~)0.305s591.19x
💻 LocalNitro0.833s (+26.0% 🔺)1.013s (~)0.010s (-5.9% 🟢)1.118s (+9.0% 🔺)0.284s541.38x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.984s (-9.0% 🟢)5.377s (-10.3% 🟢)0.247s (-16.2% 🟢)6.046s (-11.3% 🟢)2.061s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.436s (+7.9% 🔺)6.001s (+7.5% 🔺)0.222s (-69.4% 🟢)6.697s (~)2.261s91.11x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.932s1.091s0.000s1.099s0.167s551.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.949s (~)1.123s (-2.1%)0.000s (-67.3% 🟢)1.141s (-1.8%)0.192s531.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.986s (-0.6%)1.260s (-5.7% 🟢)0.000s (-55.1% 🟢)1.286s (-6.1% 🟢)0.300s491.06x
💻 LocalExpress1.225s (-3.8%)2.020s (~)0.000s (-45.5% 🟢)2.022s (~)0.796s301.32x
💻 LocalNitro1.258s (-5.0% 🟢)2.022s (~)0.000s (-17.6% 🟢)2.024s (~)0.765s301.35x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.656s (+4.3%)3.750s (+4.6%)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)4.203s (+2.4%)1.547s151.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.038s (-6.6% 🟢)4.232s (-3.5%)0.000s (-7.1% 🟢)4.624s (-3.0%)1.585s141.14x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.762s (-1.2%)2.174s (+3.7%)0.000s (+107.1% 🔺)2.187s (+3.6%)0.426s281.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.792s (~)2.102s (-1.9%)0.000s (NaN%)2.136s (-0.8%)0.343s291.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.833s2.146s0.000s2.153s0.320s281.04x
💻 LocalExpress3.366s (-8.1% 🟢)4.032s (-3.3%)0.001s (+45.5% 🔺)4.037s (-3.2%)0.671s151.91x
💻 LocalNitro3.505s (-11.2% 🟢)4.034s (-11.0% 🟢)0.001s (-15.2% 🟢)4.037s (-11.0% 🟢)0.532s151.99x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.455s (-2.8%)4.584s (-6.3% 🟢)0.000s (-69.2% 🟢)5.022s (-5.7% 🟢)1.568s131.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.550s (-18.4% 🟢)4.574s (-18.0% 🟢)0.000s (-69.4% 🟢)5.020s (-16.0% 🟢)1.470s121.03x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalExpress18/21
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)9/21
▲ VercelNitro17/21
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express🐘 Postgres17/21
Next.js (Turbopack)🐘 Postgres19/21
Nitro🐘 Postgres18/21
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run


Some benchmark jobs failed:

  • Local: cancelled
  • Postgres: success
  • Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

@github-actions

github-actionsBot commented Apr 6, 2026

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Contributor

🧪 E2E Test Results

Some tests failed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production923067990
✅ 💻 Local Development89801821080
✅ 📦 Local Production89801821080
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres89801821080
✅ 🪟 Windows820890
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds1337424231
✅ 📋 Other228042270
Total4060746874821

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (74 failed)

mongodb (7 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNT37ZE6WDGF4553Q141Y7NE
  • webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KNT387HNCXSKZ8CGVS8T9WKG
  • fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KNT3BN2N7E8SR774M62AT213
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNT3FDT6KJ761D25DPCAV4SM
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
  • resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KNT3NDJTMN0763SWB09J8W7Z

redis (7 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNT37ZE6WDGF4553Q141Y7NE
  • webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KNT387HNCXSKZ8CGVS8T9WKG
  • fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KNT3BN2N7E8SR774M62AT213
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNT3FDT6KJ761D25DPCAV4SM
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
  • resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KNT3NDJTMN0763SWB09J8W7Z

turso (60 failed):

  • addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNT36X7A2W7081S89BPNCM5N
  • addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNT36X7A2W7081S89BPNCM5N
  • wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KNT373ZVKNTJ4NB95G4NRN6F
  • should work with react rendering in step
  • promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KNT3732FYZ50WJ04GCY0XJF2
  • promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KNT3773GGE9TZNCME8EPSCKR
  • promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KNT3792GZRG1N36XYBJ4W872
  • importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KNT37FTQFE51WDXQ5SKED09J
  • hookWorkflow | wrun_01KNT37NQD5JJ2A0HD53B1ZCJV
  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNT37ZE6WDGF4553Q141Y7NE
  • webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KNT387HNCXSKZ8CGVS8T9WKG
  • sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KNT38D1B6EMCY4V99P5M9D66
  • parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KNT38S4N7BK32HFNESP73XDV
  • nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KNT38YGEY5M2DY2DJ7J1F8TX
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KNT390J8322X255QYGW5ZXVR
  • fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KNT3BN2N7E8SR774M62AT213
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KNT3BRMBWF2T1RTG9YP3PY9V
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
  • error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
  • error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
  • error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
  • error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
  • error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
  • error handling not registered WorkflowNotRegisteredError fails the run when workflow does not exist
  • error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the step but workflow can catch it
  • error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the run when not caught in workflow
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KNT3EVB6PCA4SYTK6MY35FDV
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNT3FDT6KJ761D25DPCAV4SM
  • hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KNT3G0N2PGGK9S92HFD510ZR
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KNT3GM2CPB5ES894X96KEEHM
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KNT3GVDD80CW9EHD8KFQS8GG
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KNT3H04EEMMV7K2822A1SB2Q
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KNT3H1ZJ0YW85ZSRH7NK9X3A
  • runClassSerializationWorkflow - Run instances serialize across workflow/step boundaries | wrun_01KNT3HB9P31NCXQ2R3KH98XKW
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
  • pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KNT3HRC47VT316SDCZE10ZNK
  • Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KNT3HX28N40FQHGA4C16PKAK
  • AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KNT3J2ZEWCNHJR3CZ8K12BMD
  • ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KNT3J8PP8RYWXFE4GGF9TQ32
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KNT3JEB237KA64K5BAA7A2VP
  • customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KNT3JKZ1W22W53JP2VZVG8JS
  • instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KNT3JTR7PT2TVFPBQSJNMFM1
  • crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KNT3K47NBMH23R8HD6D6WCPR
  • stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KNT3KB6YHKE0Z7MKFZFGYFWN
  • cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KNT3KJ7SP6EW64B581QQBCD1
  • cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KNT3KTTH3Z2ABEBYST6SHJYZ
  • pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
  • hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KNT3M5GZC1GXJKD2R6C6QVV4
  • sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KNT3MS1Y1XQ0EP8G2NZKK5FK
  • sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KNT3N3QCQTM3WZR4QHW7CQKY
  • importMetaUrlWorkflow - import.meta.url is available in step bundles | wrun_01KNT3N9VPCHPWWGZGV9WTV97F
  • metadataFromHelperWorkflow - getWorkflowMetadata/getStepMetadata work from module-level helper (#1577) | wrun_01KNT3NBTAZ36Q2YMYVHMJQS14
  • resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KNT3NDJTMN0763SWB09J8W7Z
  • getterStepWorkflow - getter functions with "use step" directive | wrun_01KNT3NGHNP4JFF65AZ5KTV95W

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro8307
✅ example8307
✅ express8307
✅ fastify8307
✅ hono8307
✅ nextjs-turbopack8802
✅ nextjs-webpack8802
✅ nitro8307
✅ nuxt8307
✅ sveltekit8307
✅ vite8307
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable76014
✅ express-stable76014
✅ fastify-stable76014
✅ hono-stable76014
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary63027
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable8208
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary63027
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable8208
✅ nitro-stable76014
✅ nuxt-stable76014
✅ sveltekit-stable76014
✅ vite-stable76014
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable76014
✅ express-stable76014
✅ fastify-stable76014
✅ hono-stable76014
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary63027
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable8208
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary63027
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable8208
✅ nitro-stable76014
✅ nuxt-stable76014
✅ sveltekit-stable76014
✅ vite-stable76014
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable76014
✅ express-stable76014
✅ fastify-stable76014
✅ hono-stable76014
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary63027
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable8208
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary63027
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable8208
✅ nitro-stable76014
✅ nuxt-stable76014
✅ sveltekit-stable76014
✅ vite-stable76014
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack8208
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ mongodb-dev600
❌ mongodb5678
✅ redis-dev600
❌ redis5678
✅ turso-dev600
❌ turso3608
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable76014
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable76014
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable76014

📋 View full workflow run

@vercelvercelBot left a comment

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Contributor

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

Additional Suggestion:

Getter step registrations (instance and static) generate bare registerStepFunction(...) calls referencing an undefined function, causing runtime failures since workflow/internal/private was removed.

Fix on Vercel

CopilotAI left a comment

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Contributor

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

Pull request overview

This PR aims to make Run instances serializable/deserializable across step/runtime and workflow-VM boundaries via the class registry + WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE, and adds tests to validate roundtrips.

Changes:

  • Add custom class serialization hooks to @workflow/core’s Run and update runtime behavior to be workflow/step boundary friendly.
  • Expose Run from workflow/api and add runtime + e2e tests covering boundary roundtrips.
  • Add a changeset bumping @workflow/core and workflow for the new behavior.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 7 out of 7 changed files in this pull request and generated 3 comments.

Show a summary per file
FileDescription
workbench/example/workflows/99_e2e.tsAdds an example workflow that passes Run across workflow/step boundaries and asserts instanceof/behavior.
packages/workflow/src/api-workflow.tsChanges workflow-conditional workflow/api surface to export Run (previously a throwing stub).
packages/core/src/runtime/runs.test.tsAdds unit tests for Run custom serialization and step boundary roundtrip.
packages/core/src/runtime/run.tsImplements Run class serialization hooks and makes world access lazy; annotates methods/getters with 'use step'.
packages/core/package.jsonAdds a new ./runtime/run export.
packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.tsAdds an e2e test ensuring Run roundtrips across workflow/step boundaries in real execution.
.changeset/neat-runs-serialize.mdDeclares minor version bumps for the new Run serialization behavior.

💡 Add Copilot custom instructions for smarter, more guided reviews. Learn how to get started.

Comment threadpackages/workflow/src/api-workflow.ts
Comment threadpackages/core/package.json
Comment threadpackages/core/src/runtime/run.ts Outdated
Comment on lines +74 to +78
return { runId: instance.runId };
}

static [WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE](data: { runId: string }) {
return new Run(data.runId);

CopilotAIApr 9, 2026

Copy link

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

Run instances created by start() can carry resilientStart state that changes pollReturnValue() behavior (retries on WorkflowRunNotFoundError). The custom class serialization currently only persists { runId }, so after crossing a step/workflow boundary the deserialized Run will lose resilientStart and may fail fast on transient 404s. Include resilientStart (and set it in deserialization) so behavior is preserved across serialization boundaries.

Suggested change
return{runId: instance.runId};
}
static[WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE](data: {runId: string}){
returnnewRun(data.runId);
const{ runId, resilientStart }=instanceasRun<unknown>&{
resilientStart?: boolean;
};
return{ runId, resilientStart };
}
static[WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE](data: {
runId: string;
resilientStart?: boolean;
}){
construn=newRun(data.runId);
(runasRun<unknown>&{resilientStart?: boolean}).resilientStart=
data.resilientStart;
returnrun;

Copilot uses AI. Check for mistakes.

Copy link
Copy Markdown
MemberAuthor

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

Good catch. Fixed — WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE now includes resilientStart in the payload and WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE passes it to the constructor. Unit test updated.

@VaguelySeriousVaguelySerious left a comment

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Member

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

AI review: no blocking issues

Comment threadpackages/core/src/runtime/run.ts Outdated
}

static [WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE](data: { runId: string }) {
return new Run(data.runId);

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Member

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

AI Review: Note

WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE always constructs new Run(data.runId) and drops constructor options. start() can return new Run(runId, { resilientStart: true }) (see start.ts). If a Run with resilientStart: true is ever passed across a serde boundary, returnValue polling would lose the extra 404 retry behavior. If that combination is not supported, consider documenting it; if it might happen, consider including resilientStart in the serialized payload.

Copy link
Copy Markdown
MemberAuthor

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

Fixed in the same commit — resilientStart is now included in the serialized payload.

@VaguelySeriousVaguelySerious left a comment

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Member

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

AI review: no blocking issues

Comment threadpackages/core/package.json

@VaguelySeriousVaguelySerious left a comment

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Member

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

AI review: no blocking issues

Comment threadpackages/core/src/runtime/run.ts
Single Run class implementation:
- Add WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE to core Run class
- Mark all runtime-dependent methods/getters with "use step" so SWC
strips their bodies from the workflow bundle
- Remove duplicate Run stub from api-workflow.ts; re-export core Run
- SWC auto-registers the class (no manual registerSerializationClass)
- Add e2e test for Run serialization across workflow/step boundaries
- Add unit tests for serde roundtrip

CopilotAI left a comment

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Contributor

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

Pull request overview

Copilot reviewed 7 out of 7 changed files in this pull request and generated 1 comment.


💡 Add Copilot custom instructions for smarter, more guided reviews. Learn how to get started.

Comment on lines +246 to +256
const serialized = Run[WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE](run);
const deserialized = Run[WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE]({
runId: 'wrun_deserialize',
});

expect(serialized).toEqual({
runId: 'wrun_serialize',
resilientStart: false,
});
expect(deserialized).toBeInstanceOf(Run);
expect(deserialized.runId).toBe('wrun_deserialize');

CopilotAIApr 9, 2026

Copy link

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

The new serialization unit test only asserts resilientStart: false. Since resilientStart is now part of the serialized payload (and affects returnValue retry behavior), add a case that serializes/deserializes a Run created with resilientStart: true and asserts it roundtrips as true to prevent regressions.

Suggested change
constserialized=Run[WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE](run);
constdeserialized=Run[WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE]({
runId: 'wrun_deserialize',
});
expect(serialized).toEqual({
runId: 'wrun_serialize',
resilientStart: false,
});
expect(deserialized).toBeInstanceOf(Run);
expect(deserialized.runId).toBe('wrun_deserialize');
constserialized=Run[WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE](run);
constresilientRun=newRun('wrun_serialize_resilient',{
resilientStart: true,
});
constresilientSerialized=Run[WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE](resilientRun);
constdeserialized=Run[WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE]({
runId: 'wrun_deserialize',
});
constresilientDeserialized=Run[WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE]({
runId: 'wrun_deserialize_resilient',
resilientStart: true,
});
expect(serialized).toEqual({
runId: 'wrun_serialize',
resilientStart: false,
});
expect(resilientSerialized).toEqual({
runId: 'wrun_serialize_resilient',
resilientStart: true,
});
expect(deserialized).toBeInstanceOf(Run);
expect(deserialized.runId).toBe('wrun_deserialize');
expect(deserialized.resilientStart).toBe(false);
expect(resilientDeserialized).toBeInstanceOf(Run);
expect(resilientDeserialized.runId).toBe('wrun_deserialize_resilient');
expect(resilientDeserialized.resilientStart).toBe(true);

Copilot uses AI. Check for mistakes.
ijjk
ijjk approved these changes Apr 9, 2026
Sign up for freeto join this conversation on GitHub. Already have an account? Sign in to comment

Labels

None yet

Projects

None yet

Development

Successfully merging this pull request may close these issues.

4 participants

@TooTallNate@ijjk@VaguelySerious
, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { // Highlight search terms from Google/DuckDuckGo/Bing referrer (function() { var ref = document.referrer; var terms = []; if (ref.includes('google.com') || ref.includes('duckduckgo.com') || ref.includes('bing.com')) { var url = new URL(ref); var q = url.searchParams.get('q') || url.searchParams.get('p'); if (q) { terms = q.split(/\s+/).filter(function(t) { return t.length > 2; }); } } if (terms.length === 0) return; var style = document.createElement('style'); style.textContent = '.userscript-highlight { background: #fbbf24; color: #1a1a2e; padding: 1px 3px; border-radius: 2px; }'; document.head.appendChild(style); function highlight(node) { if (node.nodeType === 3) { // text node var text = node.textContent; var found = false; terms.forEach(function(term) { var regex = new RegExp('(' + term.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\') + ')', 'gi'); if (regex.test(text)) { found = true; var frag = document.createDocumentFragment(); var parts = text.split(regex); parts.forEach(function(part, i) { if (i % 2 === 0) { frag.appendChild(document.createTextNode(part)); } else { var span = document.createElement('span'); span.className = 'userscript-highlight'; span.textContent = part; frag.appendChild(span); } }); node.parentNode.replaceChild(frag, node); } }); } else if (node.nodeType === 1 && node.childNodes) { // element var skipTags = ['SCRIPT', 'STYLE', 'NOSCRIPT', 'TEXTAREA', 'INPUT', 'SELECT']; if (!skipTags.includes(node.tagName)) { Array.from(node.childNodes).forEach(highlight); } } } highlight(document.body); // Re-highlight on dynamic content var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) { mutations.forEach(function(m) { m.addedNodes.forEach(function(node) { if (node.nodeType === 1 || node.nodeType === 3) highlight(node); }); }); }); observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true }); })(); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Highlight Search Terms]', __e); } })(); (function(){ try { var __m = "*"; var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + ' fix: serialize Run across runtime and workflow VM by TooTallNate · Pull Request #1616 · vercel/workflow · GitHub
Skip to content

fix: serialize Run across runtime and workflow VM - #1616

Merged
TooTallNate merged 5 commits into
mainfrom
codex/run-class-serialization-e2e
Apr 9, 2026
Merged

fix: serialize Run across runtime and workflow VM#1616
TooTallNate merged 5 commits into
mainfrom
codex/run-class-serialization-e2e

Conversation

@TooTallNate

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Member

Summary

  • switch Run in core runtime to custom class serialization (WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE / WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE) and register it in the class registry
  • make workflow-VM Run (workflow/api) deserializable and registry-registered so Run instances can cross step/workflow boundaries without bespoke reducer paths
  • add e2e coverage for Run boundary roundtrips in workbench/example/workflows/99_e2e.ts and packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts, plus runtime unit tests for class serde behavior
  • add a changeset for @workflow/core and workflow

Testing

  • pnpm --filter @workflow/core typecheck
  • pnpm --filter workflow typecheck
  • pnpm vitest run src/runtime/runs.test.ts -t "Run custom serialization" (from packages/core)

@changeset-bot

changeset-botBot commented Apr 6, 2026

Copy link
Copy Markdown

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 407a19f

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages
NameType
@workflow/coreMinor
workflowMinor
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/vitestPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/aiMajor
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

@vercel

vercelBot commented Apr 6, 2026

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Contributor

@github-actions

github-actionsBot commented Apr 6, 2026

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Contributor

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.043s (-0.7%)1.005s (~)0.963s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro0.044s (+17.5% 🔺)1.005s (~)0.961s101.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.056s1.010s0.955s101.32x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.060s (-10.1% 🟢)1.011s (~)0.951s101.40x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.061s (-2.7%)1.009s (~)0.948s101.44x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro0.207s (-26.7% 🟢)2.309s (-7.0% 🟢)2.102s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)0.236s (-46.9% 🟢)2.099s (-5.5% 🟢)1.863s101.14x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.127s (+2.2%)2.006s (~)0.880s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.130s (~)2.005s (~)0.875s101.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.142s (~)2.011s (~)0.869s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.142s2.011s0.869s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.150s (~)2.010s (~)0.861s101.02x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.885s (-10.1% 🟢)3.489s (-9.1% 🟢)1.604s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)1.916s (-7.5% 🟢)3.517s (-4.8%)1.600s101.02x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express10.896s (~)11.022s (~)0.126s31.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.905s (~)11.018s (~)0.113s31.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.907s11.019s0.112s31.00x
💻 LocalNitro10.909s (+2.2%)11.024s (~)0.115s31.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress10.941s (+0.7%)11.024s (~)0.083s31.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro16.877s (~)18.761s (-1.2%)1.885s21.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)17.610s (-0.9%)19.170s (+1.1%)1.560s21.04x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro14.482s (~)15.024s (~)0.541s41.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)14.511s15.026s0.515s41.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress14.589s (~)15.024s (~)0.435s41.01x
💻 LocalExpress14.890s (-1.1%)15.029s (-6.2% 🟢)0.139s41.03x
💻 LocalNitro15.019s (+5.6% 🔺)15.781s (+5.0% 🔺)0.762s41.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro30.535s (-2.8%)32.926s (-2.1%)2.392s21.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)35.051s (+3.3%)37.323s (+3.8%)2.272s21.15x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)13.862s14.164s0.302s71.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro13.905s (~)14.161s (+1.0%)0.256s71.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress14.308s (+1.6%)15.021s (+1.9%)0.713s61.03x
💻 LocalExpress16.460s (-2.8%)17.030s (~)0.569s61.19x
💻 LocalNitro16.904s (+13.3% 🔺)17.031s (+13.3% 🔺)0.127s61.22x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro206.024s (+282.0% 🔺)208.069s (+272.0% 🔺)2.045s21.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)208.680s (+281.3% 🔺)210.330s (+268.7% 🔺)1.650s21.01x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.232s2.010s0.778s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.276s (+0.8%)2.011s (~)0.735s151.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.283s (+0.8%)2.010s (~)0.727s151.04x
💻 LocalExpress1.527s (~)2.006s (~)0.479s151.24x
💻 LocalNitro1.530s (+2.3%)2.006s (~)0.476s151.24x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.035s (-18.4% 🟢)3.514s (-10.8% 🟢)1.479s91.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.512s (+5.8% 🔺)3.966s (+2.5%)1.453s81.23x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro2.347s (-0.5%)3.007s (~)0.661s101.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.369s (+1.7%)3.009s (~)0.640s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.421s3.010s0.589s101.03x
💻 LocalExpress2.861s (-10.1% 🟢)3.008s (-25.0% 🟢)0.147s101.22x
💻 LocalNitro3.054s (+11.9% 🔺)3.884s (+21.1% 🔺)0.830s81.30x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.156s (+2.8%)5.019s (+11.4% 🔺)1.863s61.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)6.418s (+112.3% 🔺)8.231s (+86.8% 🔺)1.813s52.03x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express3.471s (-0.9%)4.008s (~)0.537s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro3.473s (-0.9%)4.012s (~)0.539s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.903s4.263s0.360s81.12x
💻 LocalExpress7.878s (-5.6% 🟢)8.520s (-5.6% 🟢)0.642s42.27x
💻 LocalNitro8.893s (+14.8% 🔺)9.277s (+8.9% 🔺)0.384s42.56x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)3.211s (+5.7% 🔺)4.847s (+5.2% 🔺)1.636s71.00x
▲ VercelNitro5.803s (+93.1% 🔺)7.681s (+64.5% 🔺)1.878s41.81x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.247s2.008s0.761s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.254s (-3.2%)2.009s (~)0.755s151.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.260s (~)2.008s (~)0.748s151.01x
💻 LocalExpress1.544s (-1.3%)2.005s (~)0.462s151.24x
💻 LocalNitro1.555s (+3.3%)2.006s (~)0.451s151.25x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.051s (-5.4% 🟢)3.746s (+4.6%)1.696s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.245s (+14.9% 🔺)3.869s (+1.5%)1.623s81.10x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express2.336s (-1.8%)3.010s (~)0.674s101.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.357s (+0.9%)3.009s (~)0.652s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.424s3.008s0.583s101.04x
💻 LocalNitro3.095s (-11.5% 🟢)4.010s (~)0.915s81.32x
💻 LocalExpress3.236s (+2.0%)4.009s (+3.2%)0.774s81.39x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.518s (-3.8%)4.005s (-6.1% 🟢)1.487s81.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.602s (+4.9%)3.841s (-0.7%)1.240s81.03x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express3.472s (~)4.010s (~)0.538s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro3.474s (~)4.009s (~)0.535s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.667s4.011s0.344s81.06x
💻 LocalExpress8.582s (-16.0% 🟢)9.021s (-18.2% 🟢)0.439s42.47x
💻 LocalNitro9.450s (+11.2% 🔺)10.023s (+11.1% 🔺)0.573s32.72x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.624s (+1.3%)4.211s (-1.9%)1.587s81.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.409s (-1.6%)5.089s (+5.6% 🔺)1.680s71.30x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro0.799s (-4.4%)1.006s (-1.7%)0.206s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.818s1.023s0.205s591.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.832s (-3.7%)1.006s (~)0.174s601.04x
💻 LocalNitro1.024s (+39.0% 🔺)1.654s (+64.7% 🔺)0.630s371.28x
💻 LocalExpress1.058s (+4.3%)1.142s (-32.8% 🟢)0.084s581.32x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro8.747s (+2.1%)10.776s (+5.5% 🔺)2.029s61.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)8.892s (-0.5%)10.457s (-1.9%)1.565s61.02x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.915s (-1.5%)2.101s (~)0.186s431.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.951s (-9.5% 🟢)2.101s (-29.5% 🟢)0.150s431.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.003s2.377s0.375s381.05x
💻 LocalExpress2.992s (-3.2%)3.416s (-14.8% 🟢)0.423s271.56x
💻 LocalNitro3.029s (+18.0% 🔺)3.689s (+16.0% 🔺)0.661s251.58x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro26.784s (-9.0% 🟢)28.529s (-9.5% 🟢)1.745s41.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)29.112s (+1.7%)31.094s (+2.4%)1.982s31.09x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro3.822s (-4.2%)4.009s (-6.7% 🟢)0.187s301.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.974s4.297s0.322s281.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress4.004s (-7.2% 🟢)4.567s (-8.9% 🟢)0.563s271.05x
💻 LocalExpress9.092s (-1.3%)9.556s (-4.6%)0.464s132.38x
💻 LocalNitro9.290s (+20.4% 🔺)10.019s (+21.9% 🔺)0.729s122.43x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro70.585s (-1.5%)71.947s (-3.3%)1.361s21.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)76.593s (~)78.389s (~)1.797s21.09x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.248s1.007s0.759s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.284s (+0.7%)1.006s (~)0.722s601.14x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.285s (-3.5%)1.007s (~)0.722s601.15x
💻 LocalExpress0.593s (-0.6%)1.004s (-1.7%)0.411s602.39x
💻 LocalNitro0.609s (-8.2% 🟢)1.022s (+1.7%)0.413s592.46x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.404s (-48.6% 🟢)2.702s (-39.3% 🟢)1.298s231.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)1.943s (+34.1% 🔺)3.609s (+20.0% 🔺)1.666s171.38x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.489s1.006s0.518s901.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.497s (+1.8%)1.006s (~)0.509s901.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.508s (-3.3%)1.006s (~)0.499s901.04x
💻 LocalExpress2.443s (-2.7%)3.008s (~)0.566s305.00x
💻 LocalNitro2.574s (-6.3% 🟢)3.011s (-5.4% 🟢)0.437s305.27x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.506s (+1.4%)4.098s (-1.0%)1.593s221.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.287s (-2.3%)4.863s (+0.7%)1.576s191.31x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.776s1.006s0.231s1201.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.777s (-1.2%)1.007s (~)0.230s1201.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.807s (-4.0%)1.009s (-1.0%)0.202s1191.04x
💻 LocalExpress10.917s (-0.8%)11.391s (-2.3%)0.474s1114.07x
💻 LocalNitro11.341s (+1.8%)12.029s (+1.5%)0.687s1014.62x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)6.259s (-13.5% 🟢)7.901s (-8.3% 🟢)1.642s161.00x
▲ VercelNitro7.888s (+2.7%)9.732s (+4.1%)1.843s131.26x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.198s1.000s0.001s1.010s0.812s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress0.199s (-4.7%)1.004s (~)0.011s (-6.5% 🟢)1.017s (~)0.818s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.208s (+4.4%)0.992s (-0.7%)0.001s (-18.8% 🟢)1.011s (~)0.803s101.05x
💻 LocalNitro0.208s (+41.2% 🔺)1.004s (~)0.013s (+37.4% 🔺)1.019s (~)0.810s101.05x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.215s (~)0.998s (~)0.002s (-5.9% 🟢)1.009s (~)0.794s101.09x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.469s (-10.0% 🟢)2.801s (-5.8% 🟢)0.621s (+44.3% 🔺)3.890s (+2.7%)2.421s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro1.501s (-3.4%)2.785s (-6.9% 🟢)0.465s (-20.6% 🟢)3.691s (-7.9% 🟢)2.191s101.02x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro0.606s (~)1.004s (~)0.004s (-5.1% 🟢)1.022s (~)0.417s591.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.611s1.009s0.004s1.022s0.411s591.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.657s (+1.6%)1.001s (-0.5%)0.004s (-25.6% 🟢)1.023s (~)0.366s591.08x
💻 LocalExpress0.719s (-2.3%)1.012s (~)0.009s (-1.1%)1.023s (~)0.305s591.19x
💻 LocalNitro0.833s (+26.0% 🔺)1.013s (~)0.010s (-5.9% 🟢)1.118s (+9.0% 🔺)0.284s541.38x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.984s (-9.0% 🟢)5.377s (-10.3% 🟢)0.247s (-16.2% 🟢)6.046s (-11.3% 🟢)2.061s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.436s (+7.9% 🔺)6.001s (+7.5% 🔺)0.222s (-69.4% 🟢)6.697s (~)2.261s91.11x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.932s1.091s0.000s1.099s0.167s551.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.949s (~)1.123s (-2.1%)0.000s (-67.3% 🟢)1.141s (-1.8%)0.192s531.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.986s (-0.6%)1.260s (-5.7% 🟢)0.000s (-55.1% 🟢)1.286s (-6.1% 🟢)0.300s491.06x
💻 LocalExpress1.225s (-3.8%)2.020s (~)0.000s (-45.5% 🟢)2.022s (~)0.796s301.32x
💻 LocalNitro1.258s (-5.0% 🟢)2.022s (~)0.000s (-17.6% 🟢)2.024s (~)0.765s301.35x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.656s (+4.3%)3.750s (+4.6%)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)4.203s (+2.4%)1.547s151.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.038s (-6.6% 🟢)4.232s (-3.5%)0.000s (-7.1% 🟢)4.624s (-3.0%)1.585s141.14x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.762s (-1.2%)2.174s (+3.7%)0.000s (+107.1% 🔺)2.187s (+3.6%)0.426s281.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.792s (~)2.102s (-1.9%)0.000s (NaN%)2.136s (-0.8%)0.343s291.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.833s2.146s0.000s2.153s0.320s281.04x
💻 LocalExpress3.366s (-8.1% 🟢)4.032s (-3.3%)0.001s (+45.5% 🔺)4.037s (-3.2%)0.671s151.91x
💻 LocalNitro3.505s (-11.2% 🟢)4.034s (-11.0% 🟢)0.001s (-15.2% 🟢)4.037s (-11.0% 🟢)0.532s151.99x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.455s (-2.8%)4.584s (-6.3% 🟢)0.000s (-69.2% 🟢)5.022s (-5.7% 🟢)1.568s131.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.550s (-18.4% 🟢)4.574s (-18.0% 🟢)0.000s (-69.4% 🟢)5.020s (-16.0% 🟢)1.470s121.03x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalExpress18/21
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)9/21
▲ VercelNitro17/21
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express🐘 Postgres17/21
Next.js (Turbopack)🐘 Postgres19/21
Nitro🐘 Postgres18/21
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run


Some benchmark jobs failed:

  • Local: cancelled
  • Postgres: success
  • Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

@github-actions

github-actionsBot commented Apr 6, 2026

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Contributor

🧪 E2E Test Results

Some tests failed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production923067990
✅ 💻 Local Development89801821080
✅ 📦 Local Production89801821080
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres89801821080
✅ 🪟 Windows820890
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds1337424231
✅ 📋 Other228042270
Total4060746874821

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (74 failed)

mongodb (7 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNT37ZE6WDGF4553Q141Y7NE
  • webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KNT387HNCXSKZ8CGVS8T9WKG
  • fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KNT3BN2N7E8SR774M62AT213
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNT3FDT6KJ761D25DPCAV4SM
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
  • resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KNT3NDJTMN0763SWB09J8W7Z

redis (7 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNT37ZE6WDGF4553Q141Y7NE
  • webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KNT387HNCXSKZ8CGVS8T9WKG
  • fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KNT3BN2N7E8SR774M62AT213
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNT3FDT6KJ761D25DPCAV4SM
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
  • resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KNT3NDJTMN0763SWB09J8W7Z

turso (60 failed):

  • addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNT36X7A2W7081S89BPNCM5N
  • addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNT36X7A2W7081S89BPNCM5N
  • wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KNT373ZVKNTJ4NB95G4NRN6F
  • should work with react rendering in step
  • promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KNT3732FYZ50WJ04GCY0XJF2
  • promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KNT3773GGE9TZNCME8EPSCKR
  • promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KNT3792GZRG1N36XYBJ4W872
  • importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KNT37FTQFE51WDXQ5SKED09J
  • hookWorkflow | wrun_01KNT37NQD5JJ2A0HD53B1ZCJV
  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNT37ZE6WDGF4553Q141Y7NE
  • webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KNT387HNCXSKZ8CGVS8T9WKG
  • sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KNT38D1B6EMCY4V99P5M9D66
  • parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KNT38S4N7BK32HFNESP73XDV
  • nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KNT38YGEY5M2DY2DJ7J1F8TX
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KNT390J8322X255QYGW5ZXVR
  • fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KNT3BN2N7E8SR774M62AT213
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KNT3BRMBWF2T1RTG9YP3PY9V
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
  • error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
  • error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
  • error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
  • error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
  • error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
  • error handling not registered WorkflowNotRegisteredError fails the run when workflow does not exist
  • error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the step but workflow can catch it
  • error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the run when not caught in workflow
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KNT3EVB6PCA4SYTK6MY35FDV
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNT3FDT6KJ761D25DPCAV4SM
  • hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KNT3G0N2PGGK9S92HFD510ZR
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KNT3GM2CPB5ES894X96KEEHM
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KNT3GVDD80CW9EHD8KFQS8GG
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KNT3H04EEMMV7K2822A1SB2Q
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KNT3H1ZJ0YW85ZSRH7NK9X3A
  • runClassSerializationWorkflow - Run instances serialize across workflow/step boundaries | wrun_01KNT3HB9P31NCXQ2R3KH98XKW
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
  • pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KNT3HRC47VT316SDCZE10ZNK
  • Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KNT3HX28N40FQHGA4C16PKAK
  • AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KNT3J2ZEWCNHJR3CZ8K12BMD
  • ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KNT3J8PP8RYWXFE4GGF9TQ32
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KNT3JEB237KA64K5BAA7A2VP
  • customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KNT3JKZ1W22W53JP2VZVG8JS
  • instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KNT3JTR7PT2TVFPBQSJNMFM1
  • crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KNT3K47NBMH23R8HD6D6WCPR
  • stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KNT3KB6YHKE0Z7MKFZFGYFWN
  • cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KNT3KJ7SP6EW64B581QQBCD1
  • cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KNT3KTTH3Z2ABEBYST6SHJYZ
  • pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
  • hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KNT3M5GZC1GXJKD2R6C6QVV4
  • sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KNT3MS1Y1XQ0EP8G2NZKK5FK
  • sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KNT3N3QCQTM3WZR4QHW7CQKY
  • importMetaUrlWorkflow - import.meta.url is available in step bundles | wrun_01KNT3N9VPCHPWWGZGV9WTV97F
  • metadataFromHelperWorkflow - getWorkflowMetadata/getStepMetadata work from module-level helper (#1577) | wrun_01KNT3NBTAZ36Q2YMYVHMJQS14
  • resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KNT3NDJTMN0763SWB09J8W7Z
  • getterStepWorkflow - getter functions with "use step" directive | wrun_01KNT3NGHNP4JFF65AZ5KTV95W

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro8307
✅ example8307
✅ express8307
✅ fastify8307
✅ hono8307
✅ nextjs-turbopack8802
✅ nextjs-webpack8802
✅ nitro8307
✅ nuxt8307
✅ sveltekit8307
✅ vite8307
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable76014
✅ express-stable76014
✅ fastify-stable76014
✅ hono-stable76014
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary63027
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable8208
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary63027
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable8208
✅ nitro-stable76014
✅ nuxt-stable76014
✅ sveltekit-stable76014
✅ vite-stable76014
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable76014
✅ express-stable76014
✅ fastify-stable76014
✅ hono-stable76014
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary63027
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable8208
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary63027
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable8208
✅ nitro-stable76014
✅ nuxt-stable76014
✅ sveltekit-stable76014
✅ vite-stable76014
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable76014
✅ express-stable76014
✅ fastify-stable76014
✅ hono-stable76014
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary63027
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable8208
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary63027
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable8208
✅ nitro-stable76014
✅ nuxt-stable76014
✅ sveltekit-stable76014
✅ vite-stable76014
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack8208
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ mongodb-dev600
❌ mongodb5678
✅ redis-dev600
❌ redis5678
✅ turso-dev600
❌ turso3608
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable76014
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable76014
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable76014

📋 View full workflow run

@vercelvercelBot left a comment

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Contributor

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

Additional Suggestion:

Getter step registrations (instance and static) generate bare registerStepFunction(...) calls referencing an undefined function, causing runtime failures since workflow/internal/private was removed.

Fix on Vercel

CopilotAI left a comment

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Contributor

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

Pull request overview

This PR aims to make Run instances serializable/deserializable across step/runtime and workflow-VM boundaries via the class registry + WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE, and adds tests to validate roundtrips.

Changes:

  • Add custom class serialization hooks to @workflow/core’s Run and update runtime behavior to be workflow/step boundary friendly.
  • Expose Run from workflow/api and add runtime + e2e tests covering boundary roundtrips.
  • Add a changeset bumping @workflow/core and workflow for the new behavior.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 7 out of 7 changed files in this pull request and generated 3 comments.

Show a summary per file
FileDescription
workbench/example/workflows/99_e2e.tsAdds an example workflow that passes Run across workflow/step boundaries and asserts instanceof/behavior.
packages/workflow/src/api-workflow.tsChanges workflow-conditional workflow/api surface to export Run (previously a throwing stub).
packages/core/src/runtime/runs.test.tsAdds unit tests for Run custom serialization and step boundary roundtrip.
packages/core/src/runtime/run.tsImplements Run class serialization hooks and makes world access lazy; annotates methods/getters with 'use step'.
packages/core/package.jsonAdds a new ./runtime/run export.
packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.tsAdds an e2e test ensuring Run roundtrips across workflow/step boundaries in real execution.
.changeset/neat-runs-serialize.mdDeclares minor version bumps for the new Run serialization behavior.

💡 Add Copilot custom instructions for smarter, more guided reviews. Learn how to get started.

Comment threadpackages/workflow/src/api-workflow.ts
Comment threadpackages/core/package.json
Comment threadpackages/core/src/runtime/run.ts Outdated
Comment on lines +74 to +78
return { runId: instance.runId };
}

static [WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE](data: { runId: string }) {
return new Run(data.runId);

CopilotAIApr 9, 2026

Copy link

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

Run instances created by start() can carry resilientStart state that changes pollReturnValue() behavior (retries on WorkflowRunNotFoundError). The custom class serialization currently only persists { runId }, so after crossing a step/workflow boundary the deserialized Run will lose resilientStart and may fail fast on transient 404s. Include resilientStart (and set it in deserialization) so behavior is preserved across serialization boundaries.

Suggested change
return{runId: instance.runId};
}
static[WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE](data: {runId: string}){
returnnewRun(data.runId);
const{ runId, resilientStart }=instanceasRun<unknown>&{
resilientStart?: boolean;
};
return{ runId, resilientStart };
}
static[WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE](data: {
runId: string;
resilientStart?: boolean;
}){
construn=newRun(data.runId);
(runasRun<unknown>&{resilientStart?: boolean}).resilientStart=
data.resilientStart;
returnrun;

Copilot uses AI. Check for mistakes.

Copy link
Copy Markdown
MemberAuthor

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

Good catch. Fixed — WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE now includes resilientStart in the payload and WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE passes it to the constructor. Unit test updated.

@VaguelySeriousVaguelySerious left a comment

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Member

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

AI review: no blocking issues

Comment threadpackages/core/src/runtime/run.ts Outdated
}

static [WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE](data: { runId: string }) {
return new Run(data.runId);

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Member

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

AI Review: Note

WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE always constructs new Run(data.runId) and drops constructor options. start() can return new Run(runId, { resilientStart: true }) (see start.ts). If a Run with resilientStart: true is ever passed across a serde boundary, returnValue polling would lose the extra 404 retry behavior. If that combination is not supported, consider documenting it; if it might happen, consider including resilientStart in the serialized payload.

Copy link
Copy Markdown
MemberAuthor

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

Fixed in the same commit — resilientStart is now included in the serialized payload.

@VaguelySeriousVaguelySerious left a comment

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Member

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

AI review: no blocking issues

Comment threadpackages/core/package.json

@VaguelySeriousVaguelySerious left a comment

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Member

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

AI review: no blocking issues

Comment threadpackages/core/src/runtime/run.ts
Single Run class implementation:
- Add WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE to core Run class
- Mark all runtime-dependent methods/getters with "use step" so SWC
strips their bodies from the workflow bundle
- Remove duplicate Run stub from api-workflow.ts; re-export core Run
- SWC auto-registers the class (no manual registerSerializationClass)
- Add e2e test for Run serialization across workflow/step boundaries
- Add unit tests for serde roundtrip

CopilotAI left a comment

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Contributor

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

Pull request overview

Copilot reviewed 7 out of 7 changed files in this pull request and generated 1 comment.


💡 Add Copilot custom instructions for smarter, more guided reviews. Learn how to get started.

Comment on lines +246 to +256
const serialized = Run[WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE](run);
const deserialized = Run[WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE]({
runId: 'wrun_deserialize',
});

expect(serialized).toEqual({
runId: 'wrun_serialize',
resilientStart: false,
});
expect(deserialized).toBeInstanceOf(Run);
expect(deserialized.runId).toBe('wrun_deserialize');

CopilotAIApr 9, 2026

Copy link

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

The new serialization unit test only asserts resilientStart: false. Since resilientStart is now part of the serialized payload (and affects returnValue retry behavior), add a case that serializes/deserializes a Run created with resilientStart: true and asserts it roundtrips as true to prevent regressions.

Suggested change
constserialized=Run[WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE](run);
constdeserialized=Run[WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE]({
runId: 'wrun_deserialize',
});
expect(serialized).toEqual({
runId: 'wrun_serialize',
resilientStart: false,
});
expect(deserialized).toBeInstanceOf(Run);
expect(deserialized.runId).toBe('wrun_deserialize');
constserialized=Run[WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE](run);
constresilientRun=newRun('wrun_serialize_resilient',{
resilientStart: true,
});
constresilientSerialized=Run[WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE](resilientRun);
constdeserialized=Run[WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE]({
runId: 'wrun_deserialize',
});
constresilientDeserialized=Run[WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE]({
runId: 'wrun_deserialize_resilient',
resilientStart: true,
});
expect(serialized).toEqual({
runId: 'wrun_serialize',
resilientStart: false,
});
expect(resilientSerialized).toEqual({
runId: 'wrun_serialize_resilient',
resilientStart: true,
});
expect(deserialized).toBeInstanceOf(Run);
expect(deserialized.runId).toBe('wrun_deserialize');
expect(deserialized.resilientStart).toBe(false);
expect(resilientDeserialized).toBeInstanceOf(Run);
expect(resilientDeserialized.runId).toBe('wrun_deserialize_resilient');
expect(resilientDeserialized.resilientStart).toBe(true);

Copilot uses AI. Check for mistakes.
ijjk
ijjk approved these changes Apr 9, 2026
Sign up for freeto join this conversation on GitHub. Already have an account? Sign in to comment

Labels

None yet

Projects

None yet

Development

Successfully merging this pull request may close these issues.

4 participants

@TooTallNate@ijjk@VaguelySerious
, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { // Strip utm_, fbclid, gclid, etc. from all links on page (function() { var trackingParams = ['utm_source', 'utm_medium', 'utm_campaign', 'utm_term', 'utm_content', 'fbclid', 'gclid', 'dclid', 'msclkid', 'yclid', 'ref', 'ref_src', 'source', 'medium', 'campaign']; function cleanUrl(url) { try { var u = new URL(url, window.location.origin); var changed = false; trackingParams.forEach(function(p) { if (u.searchParams.has(p)) { u.searchParams.delete(p); changed = true; } }); return changed ? u.toString() : url; } catch (e) { return url; } } function cleanLinks() { document.querySelectorAll('a[href]').forEach(function(a) { var clean = cleanUrl(a.href); if (clean !== a.href) a.href = clean; }); } cleanLinks(); var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) { mutations.forEach(function(m) { m.addedNodes.forEach(function(node) { if (node.nodeType === 1) { if (node.tagName === 'A') cleanLinks(); node.querySelectorAll('a[href]').forEach(function(a) { var clean = cleanUrl(a.href); if (clean !== a.href) a.href = clean; }); } }); }); }); observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true }); })(); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Remove Tracking Parameters from Links]', __e); } })(); (function(){ try { var __m = "youtube.com"; var __re = new RegExp('^' + "youtube\\.com" + ' fix: serialize Run across runtime and workflow VM by TooTallNate · Pull Request #1616 · vercel/workflow · GitHub
Skip to content

fix: serialize Run across runtime and workflow VM - #1616

Merged
TooTallNate merged 5 commits into
mainfrom
codex/run-class-serialization-e2e
Apr 9, 2026
Merged

fix: serialize Run across runtime and workflow VM#1616
TooTallNate merged 5 commits into
mainfrom
codex/run-class-serialization-e2e

Conversation

@TooTallNate

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Member

Summary

  • switch Run in core runtime to custom class serialization (WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE / WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE) and register it in the class registry
  • make workflow-VM Run (workflow/api) deserializable and registry-registered so Run instances can cross step/workflow boundaries without bespoke reducer paths
  • add e2e coverage for Run boundary roundtrips in workbench/example/workflows/99_e2e.ts and packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts, plus runtime unit tests for class serde behavior
  • add a changeset for @workflow/core and workflow

Testing

  • pnpm --filter @workflow/core typecheck
  • pnpm --filter workflow typecheck
  • pnpm vitest run src/runtime/runs.test.ts -t "Run custom serialization" (from packages/core)

@changeset-bot

changeset-botBot commented Apr 6, 2026

Copy link
Copy Markdown

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 407a19f

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages
NameType
@workflow/coreMinor
workflowMinor
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/vitestPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/aiMajor
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

@vercel

vercelBot commented Apr 6, 2026

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Contributor

@github-actions

github-actionsBot commented Apr 6, 2026

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Contributor

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.043s (-0.7%)1.005s (~)0.963s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro0.044s (+17.5% 🔺)1.005s (~)0.961s101.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.056s1.010s0.955s101.32x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.060s (-10.1% 🟢)1.011s (~)0.951s101.40x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.061s (-2.7%)1.009s (~)0.948s101.44x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro0.207s (-26.7% 🟢)2.309s (-7.0% 🟢)2.102s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)0.236s (-46.9% 🟢)2.099s (-5.5% 🟢)1.863s101.14x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.127s (+2.2%)2.006s (~)0.880s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.130s (~)2.005s (~)0.875s101.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.142s (~)2.011s (~)0.869s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.142s2.011s0.869s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.150s (~)2.010s (~)0.861s101.02x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.885s (-10.1% 🟢)3.489s (-9.1% 🟢)1.604s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)1.916s (-7.5% 🟢)3.517s (-4.8%)1.600s101.02x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express10.896s (~)11.022s (~)0.126s31.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.905s (~)11.018s (~)0.113s31.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.907s11.019s0.112s31.00x
💻 LocalNitro10.909s (+2.2%)11.024s (~)0.115s31.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress10.941s (+0.7%)11.024s (~)0.083s31.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro16.877s (~)18.761s (-1.2%)1.885s21.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)17.610s (-0.9%)19.170s (+1.1%)1.560s21.04x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro14.482s (~)15.024s (~)0.541s41.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)14.511s15.026s0.515s41.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress14.589s (~)15.024s (~)0.435s41.01x
💻 LocalExpress14.890s (-1.1%)15.029s (-6.2% 🟢)0.139s41.03x
💻 LocalNitro15.019s (+5.6% 🔺)15.781s (+5.0% 🔺)0.762s41.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro30.535s (-2.8%)32.926s (-2.1%)2.392s21.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)35.051s (+3.3%)37.323s (+3.8%)2.272s21.15x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)13.862s14.164s0.302s71.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro13.905s (~)14.161s (+1.0%)0.256s71.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress14.308s (+1.6%)15.021s (+1.9%)0.713s61.03x
💻 LocalExpress16.460s (-2.8%)17.030s (~)0.569s61.19x
💻 LocalNitro16.904s (+13.3% 🔺)17.031s (+13.3% 🔺)0.127s61.22x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro206.024s (+282.0% 🔺)208.069s (+272.0% 🔺)2.045s21.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)208.680s (+281.3% 🔺)210.330s (+268.7% 🔺)1.650s21.01x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.232s2.010s0.778s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.276s (+0.8%)2.011s (~)0.735s151.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.283s (+0.8%)2.010s (~)0.727s151.04x
💻 LocalExpress1.527s (~)2.006s (~)0.479s151.24x
💻 LocalNitro1.530s (+2.3%)2.006s (~)0.476s151.24x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.035s (-18.4% 🟢)3.514s (-10.8% 🟢)1.479s91.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.512s (+5.8% 🔺)3.966s (+2.5%)1.453s81.23x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro2.347s (-0.5%)3.007s (~)0.661s101.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.369s (+1.7%)3.009s (~)0.640s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.421s3.010s0.589s101.03x
💻 LocalExpress2.861s (-10.1% 🟢)3.008s (-25.0% 🟢)0.147s101.22x
💻 LocalNitro3.054s (+11.9% 🔺)3.884s (+21.1% 🔺)0.830s81.30x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.156s (+2.8%)5.019s (+11.4% 🔺)1.863s61.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)6.418s (+112.3% 🔺)8.231s (+86.8% 🔺)1.813s52.03x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express3.471s (-0.9%)4.008s (~)0.537s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro3.473s (-0.9%)4.012s (~)0.539s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.903s4.263s0.360s81.12x
💻 LocalExpress7.878s (-5.6% 🟢)8.520s (-5.6% 🟢)0.642s42.27x
💻 LocalNitro8.893s (+14.8% 🔺)9.277s (+8.9% 🔺)0.384s42.56x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)3.211s (+5.7% 🔺)4.847s (+5.2% 🔺)1.636s71.00x
▲ VercelNitro5.803s (+93.1% 🔺)7.681s (+64.5% 🔺)1.878s41.81x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.247s2.008s0.761s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.254s (-3.2%)2.009s (~)0.755s151.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.260s (~)2.008s (~)0.748s151.01x
💻 LocalExpress1.544s (-1.3%)2.005s (~)0.462s151.24x
💻 LocalNitro1.555s (+3.3%)2.006s (~)0.451s151.25x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.051s (-5.4% 🟢)3.746s (+4.6%)1.696s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.245s (+14.9% 🔺)3.869s (+1.5%)1.623s81.10x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express2.336s (-1.8%)3.010s (~)0.674s101.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.357s (+0.9%)3.009s (~)0.652s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.424s3.008s0.583s101.04x
💻 LocalNitro3.095s (-11.5% 🟢)4.010s (~)0.915s81.32x
💻 LocalExpress3.236s (+2.0%)4.009s (+3.2%)0.774s81.39x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.518s (-3.8%)4.005s (-6.1% 🟢)1.487s81.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.602s (+4.9%)3.841s (-0.7%)1.240s81.03x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express3.472s (~)4.010s (~)0.538s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro3.474s (~)4.009s (~)0.535s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.667s4.011s0.344s81.06x
💻 LocalExpress8.582s (-16.0% 🟢)9.021s (-18.2% 🟢)0.439s42.47x
💻 LocalNitro9.450s (+11.2% 🔺)10.023s (+11.1% 🔺)0.573s32.72x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.624s (+1.3%)4.211s (-1.9%)1.587s81.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.409s (-1.6%)5.089s (+5.6% 🔺)1.680s71.30x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro0.799s (-4.4%)1.006s (-1.7%)0.206s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.818s1.023s0.205s591.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.832s (-3.7%)1.006s (~)0.174s601.04x
💻 LocalNitro1.024s (+39.0% 🔺)1.654s (+64.7% 🔺)0.630s371.28x
💻 LocalExpress1.058s (+4.3%)1.142s (-32.8% 🟢)0.084s581.32x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro8.747s (+2.1%)10.776s (+5.5% 🔺)2.029s61.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)8.892s (-0.5%)10.457s (-1.9%)1.565s61.02x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.915s (-1.5%)2.101s (~)0.186s431.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.951s (-9.5% 🟢)2.101s (-29.5% 🟢)0.150s431.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.003s2.377s0.375s381.05x
💻 LocalExpress2.992s (-3.2%)3.416s (-14.8% 🟢)0.423s271.56x
💻 LocalNitro3.029s (+18.0% 🔺)3.689s (+16.0% 🔺)0.661s251.58x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro26.784s (-9.0% 🟢)28.529s (-9.5% 🟢)1.745s41.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)29.112s (+1.7%)31.094s (+2.4%)1.982s31.09x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro3.822s (-4.2%)4.009s (-6.7% 🟢)0.187s301.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.974s4.297s0.322s281.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress4.004s (-7.2% 🟢)4.567s (-8.9% 🟢)0.563s271.05x
💻 LocalExpress9.092s (-1.3%)9.556s (-4.6%)0.464s132.38x
💻 LocalNitro9.290s (+20.4% 🔺)10.019s (+21.9% 🔺)0.729s122.43x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro70.585s (-1.5%)71.947s (-3.3%)1.361s21.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)76.593s (~)78.389s (~)1.797s21.09x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.248s1.007s0.759s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.284s (+0.7%)1.006s (~)0.722s601.14x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.285s (-3.5%)1.007s (~)0.722s601.15x
💻 LocalExpress0.593s (-0.6%)1.004s (-1.7%)0.411s602.39x
💻 LocalNitro0.609s (-8.2% 🟢)1.022s (+1.7%)0.413s592.46x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.404s (-48.6% 🟢)2.702s (-39.3% 🟢)1.298s231.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)1.943s (+34.1% 🔺)3.609s (+20.0% 🔺)1.666s171.38x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.489s1.006s0.518s901.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.497s (+1.8%)1.006s (~)0.509s901.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.508s (-3.3%)1.006s (~)0.499s901.04x
💻 LocalExpress2.443s (-2.7%)3.008s (~)0.566s305.00x
💻 LocalNitro2.574s (-6.3% 🟢)3.011s (-5.4% 🟢)0.437s305.27x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.506s (+1.4%)4.098s (-1.0%)1.593s221.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.287s (-2.3%)4.863s (+0.7%)1.576s191.31x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.776s1.006s0.231s1201.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.777s (-1.2%)1.007s (~)0.230s1201.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.807s (-4.0%)1.009s (-1.0%)0.202s1191.04x
💻 LocalExpress10.917s (-0.8%)11.391s (-2.3%)0.474s1114.07x
💻 LocalNitro11.341s (+1.8%)12.029s (+1.5%)0.687s1014.62x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)6.259s (-13.5% 🟢)7.901s (-8.3% 🟢)1.642s161.00x
▲ VercelNitro7.888s (+2.7%)9.732s (+4.1%)1.843s131.26x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.198s1.000s0.001s1.010s0.812s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress0.199s (-4.7%)1.004s (~)0.011s (-6.5% 🟢)1.017s (~)0.818s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.208s (+4.4%)0.992s (-0.7%)0.001s (-18.8% 🟢)1.011s (~)0.803s101.05x
💻 LocalNitro0.208s (+41.2% 🔺)1.004s (~)0.013s (+37.4% 🔺)1.019s (~)0.810s101.05x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.215s (~)0.998s (~)0.002s (-5.9% 🟢)1.009s (~)0.794s101.09x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.469s (-10.0% 🟢)2.801s (-5.8% 🟢)0.621s (+44.3% 🔺)3.890s (+2.7%)2.421s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro1.501s (-3.4%)2.785s (-6.9% 🟢)0.465s (-20.6% 🟢)3.691s (-7.9% 🟢)2.191s101.02x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro0.606s (~)1.004s (~)0.004s (-5.1% 🟢)1.022s (~)0.417s591.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.611s1.009s0.004s1.022s0.411s591.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.657s (+1.6%)1.001s (-0.5%)0.004s (-25.6% 🟢)1.023s (~)0.366s591.08x
💻 LocalExpress0.719s (-2.3%)1.012s (~)0.009s (-1.1%)1.023s (~)0.305s591.19x
💻 LocalNitro0.833s (+26.0% 🔺)1.013s (~)0.010s (-5.9% 🟢)1.118s (+9.0% 🔺)0.284s541.38x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.984s (-9.0% 🟢)5.377s (-10.3% 🟢)0.247s (-16.2% 🟢)6.046s (-11.3% 🟢)2.061s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.436s (+7.9% 🔺)6.001s (+7.5% 🔺)0.222s (-69.4% 🟢)6.697s (~)2.261s91.11x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.932s1.091s0.000s1.099s0.167s551.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.949s (~)1.123s (-2.1%)0.000s (-67.3% 🟢)1.141s (-1.8%)0.192s531.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.986s (-0.6%)1.260s (-5.7% 🟢)0.000s (-55.1% 🟢)1.286s (-6.1% 🟢)0.300s491.06x
💻 LocalExpress1.225s (-3.8%)2.020s (~)0.000s (-45.5% 🟢)2.022s (~)0.796s301.32x
💻 LocalNitro1.258s (-5.0% 🟢)2.022s (~)0.000s (-17.6% 🟢)2.024s (~)0.765s301.35x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.656s (+4.3%)3.750s (+4.6%)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)4.203s (+2.4%)1.547s151.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.038s (-6.6% 🟢)4.232s (-3.5%)0.000s (-7.1% 🟢)4.624s (-3.0%)1.585s141.14x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.762s (-1.2%)2.174s (+3.7%)0.000s (+107.1% 🔺)2.187s (+3.6%)0.426s281.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.792s (~)2.102s (-1.9%)0.000s (NaN%)2.136s (-0.8%)0.343s291.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.833s2.146s0.000s2.153s0.320s281.04x
💻 LocalExpress3.366s (-8.1% 🟢)4.032s (-3.3%)0.001s (+45.5% 🔺)4.037s (-3.2%)0.671s151.91x
💻 LocalNitro3.505s (-11.2% 🟢)4.034s (-11.0% 🟢)0.001s (-15.2% 🟢)4.037s (-11.0% 🟢)0.532s151.99x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.455s (-2.8%)4.584s (-6.3% 🟢)0.000s (-69.2% 🟢)5.022s (-5.7% 🟢)1.568s131.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.550s (-18.4% 🟢)4.574s (-18.0% 🟢)0.000s (-69.4% 🟢)5.020s (-16.0% 🟢)1.470s121.03x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalExpress18/21
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)9/21
▲ VercelNitro17/21
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express🐘 Postgres17/21
Next.js (Turbopack)🐘 Postgres19/21
Nitro🐘 Postgres18/21
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run


Some benchmark jobs failed:

  • Local: cancelled
  • Postgres: success
  • Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

@github-actions

github-actionsBot commented Apr 6, 2026

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Contributor

🧪 E2E Test Results

Some tests failed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production923067990
✅ 💻 Local Development89801821080
✅ 📦 Local Production89801821080
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres89801821080
✅ 🪟 Windows820890
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds1337424231
✅ 📋 Other228042270
Total4060746874821

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (74 failed)

mongodb (7 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNT37ZE6WDGF4553Q141Y7NE
  • webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KNT387HNCXSKZ8CGVS8T9WKG
  • fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KNT3BN2N7E8SR774M62AT213
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNT3FDT6KJ761D25DPCAV4SM
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
  • resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KNT3NDJTMN0763SWB09J8W7Z

redis (7 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNT37ZE6WDGF4553Q141Y7NE
  • webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KNT387HNCXSKZ8CGVS8T9WKG
  • fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KNT3BN2N7E8SR774M62AT213
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNT3FDT6KJ761D25DPCAV4SM
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
  • resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KNT3NDJTMN0763SWB09J8W7Z

turso (60 failed):

  • addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNT36X7A2W7081S89BPNCM5N
  • addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNT36X7A2W7081S89BPNCM5N
  • wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KNT373ZVKNTJ4NB95G4NRN6F
  • should work with react rendering in step
  • promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KNT3732FYZ50WJ04GCY0XJF2
  • promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KNT3773GGE9TZNCME8EPSCKR
  • promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KNT3792GZRG1N36XYBJ4W872
  • importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KNT37FTQFE51WDXQ5SKED09J
  • hookWorkflow | wrun_01KNT37NQD5JJ2A0HD53B1ZCJV
  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNT37ZE6WDGF4553Q141Y7NE
  • webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KNT387HNCXSKZ8CGVS8T9WKG
  • sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KNT38D1B6EMCY4V99P5M9D66
  • parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KNT38S4N7BK32HFNESP73XDV
  • nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KNT38YGEY5M2DY2DJ7J1F8TX
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KNT390J8322X255QYGW5ZXVR
  • fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KNT3BN2N7E8SR774M62AT213
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KNT3BRMBWF2T1RTG9YP3PY9V
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
  • error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
  • error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
  • error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
  • error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
  • error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
  • error handling not registered WorkflowNotRegisteredError fails the run when workflow does not exist
  • error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the step but workflow can catch it
  • error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the run when not caught in workflow
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KNT3EVB6PCA4SYTK6MY35FDV
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNT3FDT6KJ761D25DPCAV4SM
  • hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KNT3G0N2PGGK9S92HFD510ZR
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KNT3GM2CPB5ES894X96KEEHM
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KNT3GVDD80CW9EHD8KFQS8GG
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KNT3H04EEMMV7K2822A1SB2Q
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KNT3H1ZJ0YW85ZSRH7NK9X3A
  • runClassSerializationWorkflow - Run instances serialize across workflow/step boundaries | wrun_01KNT3HB9P31NCXQ2R3KH98XKW
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
  • pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KNT3HRC47VT316SDCZE10ZNK
  • Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KNT3HX28N40FQHGA4C16PKAK
  • AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KNT3J2ZEWCNHJR3CZ8K12BMD
  • ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KNT3J8PP8RYWXFE4GGF9TQ32
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KNT3JEB237KA64K5BAA7A2VP
  • customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KNT3JKZ1W22W53JP2VZVG8JS
  • instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KNT3JTR7PT2TVFPBQSJNMFM1
  • crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KNT3K47NBMH23R8HD6D6WCPR
  • stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KNT3KB6YHKE0Z7MKFZFGYFWN
  • cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KNT3KJ7SP6EW64B581QQBCD1
  • cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KNT3KTTH3Z2ABEBYST6SHJYZ
  • pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
  • hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KNT3M5GZC1GXJKD2R6C6QVV4
  • sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KNT3MS1Y1XQ0EP8G2NZKK5FK
  • sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KNT3N3QCQTM3WZR4QHW7CQKY
  • importMetaUrlWorkflow - import.meta.url is available in step bundles | wrun_01KNT3N9VPCHPWWGZGV9WTV97F
  • metadataFromHelperWorkflow - getWorkflowMetadata/getStepMetadata work from module-level helper (#1577) | wrun_01KNT3NBTAZ36Q2YMYVHMJQS14
  • resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KNT3NDJTMN0763SWB09J8W7Z
  • getterStepWorkflow - getter functions with "use step" directive | wrun_01KNT3NGHNP4JFF65AZ5KTV95W

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro8307
✅ example8307
✅ express8307
✅ fastify8307
✅ hono8307
✅ nextjs-turbopack8802
✅ nextjs-webpack8802
✅ nitro8307
✅ nuxt8307
✅ sveltekit8307
✅ vite8307
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable76014
✅ express-stable76014
✅ fastify-stable76014
✅ hono-stable76014
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary63027
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable8208
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary63027
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable8208
✅ nitro-stable76014
✅ nuxt-stable76014
✅ sveltekit-stable76014
✅ vite-stable76014
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable76014
✅ express-stable76014
✅ fastify-stable76014
✅ hono-stable76014
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary63027
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable8208
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary63027
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable8208
✅ nitro-stable76014
✅ nuxt-stable76014
✅ sveltekit-stable76014
✅ vite-stable76014
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable76014
✅ express-stable76014
✅ fastify-stable76014
✅ hono-stable76014
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary63027
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable8208
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary63027
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable8208
✅ nitro-stable76014
✅ nuxt-stable76014
✅ sveltekit-stable76014
✅ vite-stable76014
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack8208
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ mongodb-dev600
❌ mongodb5678
✅ redis-dev600
❌ redis5678
✅ turso-dev600
❌ turso3608
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable76014
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable76014
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable76014

📋 View full workflow run

@vercelvercelBot left a comment

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Contributor

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

Additional Suggestion:

Getter step registrations (instance and static) generate bare registerStepFunction(...) calls referencing an undefined function, causing runtime failures since workflow/internal/private was removed.

Fix on Vercel

CopilotAI left a comment

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Contributor

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

Pull request overview

This PR aims to make Run instances serializable/deserializable across step/runtime and workflow-VM boundaries via the class registry + WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE, and adds tests to validate roundtrips.

Changes:

  • Add custom class serialization hooks to @workflow/core’s Run and update runtime behavior to be workflow/step boundary friendly.
  • Expose Run from workflow/api and add runtime + e2e tests covering boundary roundtrips.
  • Add a changeset bumping @workflow/core and workflow for the new behavior.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 7 out of 7 changed files in this pull request and generated 3 comments.

Show a summary per file
FileDescription
workbench/example/workflows/99_e2e.tsAdds an example workflow that passes Run across workflow/step boundaries and asserts instanceof/behavior.
packages/workflow/src/api-workflow.tsChanges workflow-conditional workflow/api surface to export Run (previously a throwing stub).
packages/core/src/runtime/runs.test.tsAdds unit tests for Run custom serialization and step boundary roundtrip.
packages/core/src/runtime/run.tsImplements Run class serialization hooks and makes world access lazy; annotates methods/getters with 'use step'.
packages/core/package.jsonAdds a new ./runtime/run export.
packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.tsAdds an e2e test ensuring Run roundtrips across workflow/step boundaries in real execution.
.changeset/neat-runs-serialize.mdDeclares minor version bumps for the new Run serialization behavior.

💡 Add Copilot custom instructions for smarter, more guided reviews. Learn how to get started.

Comment threadpackages/workflow/src/api-workflow.ts
Comment threadpackages/core/package.json
Comment threadpackages/core/src/runtime/run.ts Outdated
Comment on lines +74 to +78
return { runId: instance.runId };
}

static [WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE](data: { runId: string }) {
return new Run(data.runId);

CopilotAIApr 9, 2026

Copy link

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

Run instances created by start() can carry resilientStart state that changes pollReturnValue() behavior (retries on WorkflowRunNotFoundError). The custom class serialization currently only persists { runId }, so after crossing a step/workflow boundary the deserialized Run will lose resilientStart and may fail fast on transient 404s. Include resilientStart (and set it in deserialization) so behavior is preserved across serialization boundaries.

Suggested change
return{runId: instance.runId};
}
static[WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE](data: {runId: string}){
returnnewRun(data.runId);
const{ runId, resilientStart }=instanceasRun<unknown>&{
resilientStart?: boolean;
};
return{ runId, resilientStart };
}
static[WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE](data: {
runId: string;
resilientStart?: boolean;
}){
construn=newRun(data.runId);
(runasRun<unknown>&{resilientStart?: boolean}).resilientStart=
data.resilientStart;
returnrun;

Copilot uses AI. Check for mistakes.

Copy link
Copy Markdown
MemberAuthor

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

Good catch. Fixed — WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE now includes resilientStart in the payload and WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE passes it to the constructor. Unit test updated.

@VaguelySeriousVaguelySerious left a comment

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Member

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

AI review: no blocking issues

Comment threadpackages/core/src/runtime/run.ts Outdated
}

static [WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE](data: { runId: string }) {
return new Run(data.runId);

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Member

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

AI Review: Note

WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE always constructs new Run(data.runId) and drops constructor options. start() can return new Run(runId, { resilientStart: true }) (see start.ts). If a Run with resilientStart: true is ever passed across a serde boundary, returnValue polling would lose the extra 404 retry behavior. If that combination is not supported, consider documenting it; if it might happen, consider including resilientStart in the serialized payload.

Copy link
Copy Markdown
MemberAuthor

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

Fixed in the same commit — resilientStart is now included in the serialized payload.

@VaguelySeriousVaguelySerious left a comment

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Member

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

AI review: no blocking issues

Comment threadpackages/core/package.json

@VaguelySeriousVaguelySerious left a comment

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Member

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

AI review: no blocking issues

Comment threadpackages/core/src/runtime/run.ts
Single Run class implementation:
- Add WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE to core Run class
- Mark all runtime-dependent methods/getters with "use step" so SWC
strips their bodies from the workflow bundle
- Remove duplicate Run stub from api-workflow.ts; re-export core Run
- SWC auto-registers the class (no manual registerSerializationClass)
- Add e2e test for Run serialization across workflow/step boundaries
- Add unit tests for serde roundtrip

CopilotAI left a comment

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Contributor

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

Pull request overview

Copilot reviewed 7 out of 7 changed files in this pull request and generated 1 comment.


💡 Add Copilot custom instructions for smarter, more guided reviews. Learn how to get started.

Comment on lines +246 to +256
const serialized = Run[WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE](run);
const deserialized = Run[WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE]({
runId: 'wrun_deserialize',
});

expect(serialized).toEqual({
runId: 'wrun_serialize',
resilientStart: false,
});
expect(deserialized).toBeInstanceOf(Run);
expect(deserialized.runId).toBe('wrun_deserialize');

CopilotAIApr 9, 2026

Copy link

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

The new serialization unit test only asserts resilientStart: false. Since resilientStart is now part of the serialized payload (and affects returnValue retry behavior), add a case that serializes/deserializes a Run created with resilientStart: true and asserts it roundtrips as true to prevent regressions.

Suggested change
constserialized=Run[WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE](run);
constdeserialized=Run[WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE]({
runId: 'wrun_deserialize',
});
expect(serialized).toEqual({
runId: 'wrun_serialize',
resilientStart: false,
});
expect(deserialized).toBeInstanceOf(Run);
expect(deserialized.runId).toBe('wrun_deserialize');
constserialized=Run[WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE](run);
constresilientRun=newRun('wrun_serialize_resilient',{
resilientStart: true,
});
constresilientSerialized=Run[WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE](resilientRun);
constdeserialized=Run[WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE]({
runId: 'wrun_deserialize',
});
constresilientDeserialized=Run[WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE]({
runId: 'wrun_deserialize_resilient',
resilientStart: true,
});
expect(serialized).toEqual({
runId: 'wrun_serialize',
resilientStart: false,
});
expect(resilientSerialized).toEqual({
runId: 'wrun_serialize_resilient',
resilientStart: true,
});
expect(deserialized).toBeInstanceOf(Run);
expect(deserialized.runId).toBe('wrun_deserialize');
expect(deserialized.resilientStart).toBe(false);
expect(resilientDeserialized).toBeInstanceOf(Run);
expect(resilientDeserialized.runId).toBe('wrun_deserialize_resilient');
expect(resilientDeserialized.resilientStart).toBe(true);

Copilot uses AI. Check for mistakes.
ijjk
ijjk approved these changes Apr 9, 2026
Sign up for freeto join this conversation on GitHub. Already have an account? Sign in to comment

Labels

None yet

Projects

None yet

Development

Successfully merging this pull request may close these issues.

4 participants

@TooTallNate@ijjk@VaguelySerious
, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { // Auto-enable theater mode on YouTube (function() { function tryTheater() { var btn = document.querySelector('button[aria-label="Theater mode"], ytd-player #player button[title="Theater mode"]'); if (btn && !btn.classList.contains('activated')) { btn.click(); } } // Try immediately tryTheater(); // Try after navigation (SPA) var lastUrl = location.href; setInterval(function() { if (location.href !== lastUrl) { lastUrl = location.href; setTimeout(tryTheater, 500); } }, 1000); // Also try on player load var observer = new MutationObserver(tryTheater); observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true }); })(); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:YouTube Theater Mode Default]', __e); } })(); (function(){ try { var __m = "*"; var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + ' fix: serialize Run across runtime and workflow VM by TooTallNate · Pull Request #1616 · vercel/workflow · GitHub
Skip to content

fix: serialize Run across runtime and workflow VM - #1616

Merged
TooTallNate merged 5 commits into
mainfrom
codex/run-class-serialization-e2e
Apr 9, 2026
Merged

fix: serialize Run across runtime and workflow VM#1616
TooTallNate merged 5 commits into
mainfrom
codex/run-class-serialization-e2e

Conversation

@TooTallNate

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Member

Summary

  • switch Run in core runtime to custom class serialization (WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE / WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE) and register it in the class registry
  • make workflow-VM Run (workflow/api) deserializable and registry-registered so Run instances can cross step/workflow boundaries without bespoke reducer paths
  • add e2e coverage for Run boundary roundtrips in workbench/example/workflows/99_e2e.ts and packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts, plus runtime unit tests for class serde behavior
  • add a changeset for @workflow/core and workflow

Testing

  • pnpm --filter @workflow/core typecheck
  • pnpm --filter workflow typecheck
  • pnpm vitest run src/runtime/runs.test.ts -t "Run custom serialization" (from packages/core)

@changeset-bot

changeset-botBot commented Apr 6, 2026

Copy link
Copy Markdown

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 407a19f

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages
NameType
@workflow/coreMinor
workflowMinor
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/vitestPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/aiMajor
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

@vercel

vercelBot commented Apr 6, 2026

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Contributor

@github-actions

github-actionsBot commented Apr 6, 2026

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Contributor

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.043s (-0.7%)1.005s (~)0.963s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro0.044s (+17.5% 🔺)1.005s (~)0.961s101.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.056s1.010s0.955s101.32x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.060s (-10.1% 🟢)1.011s (~)0.951s101.40x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.061s (-2.7%)1.009s (~)0.948s101.44x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro0.207s (-26.7% 🟢)2.309s (-7.0% 🟢)2.102s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)0.236s (-46.9% 🟢)2.099s (-5.5% 🟢)1.863s101.14x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.127s (+2.2%)2.006s (~)0.880s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.130s (~)2.005s (~)0.875s101.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.142s (~)2.011s (~)0.869s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.142s2.011s0.869s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.150s (~)2.010s (~)0.861s101.02x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.885s (-10.1% 🟢)3.489s (-9.1% 🟢)1.604s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)1.916s (-7.5% 🟢)3.517s (-4.8%)1.600s101.02x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express10.896s (~)11.022s (~)0.126s31.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.905s (~)11.018s (~)0.113s31.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.907s11.019s0.112s31.00x
💻 LocalNitro10.909s (+2.2%)11.024s (~)0.115s31.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress10.941s (+0.7%)11.024s (~)0.083s31.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro16.877s (~)18.761s (-1.2%)1.885s21.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)17.610s (-0.9%)19.170s (+1.1%)1.560s21.04x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro14.482s (~)15.024s (~)0.541s41.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)14.511s15.026s0.515s41.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress14.589s (~)15.024s (~)0.435s41.01x
💻 LocalExpress14.890s (-1.1%)15.029s (-6.2% 🟢)0.139s41.03x
💻 LocalNitro15.019s (+5.6% 🔺)15.781s (+5.0% 🔺)0.762s41.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro30.535s (-2.8%)32.926s (-2.1%)2.392s21.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)35.051s (+3.3%)37.323s (+3.8%)2.272s21.15x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)13.862s14.164s0.302s71.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro13.905s (~)14.161s (+1.0%)0.256s71.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress14.308s (+1.6%)15.021s (+1.9%)0.713s61.03x
💻 LocalExpress16.460s (-2.8%)17.030s (~)0.569s61.19x
💻 LocalNitro16.904s (+13.3% 🔺)17.031s (+13.3% 🔺)0.127s61.22x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro206.024s (+282.0% 🔺)208.069s (+272.0% 🔺)2.045s21.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)208.680s (+281.3% 🔺)210.330s (+268.7% 🔺)1.650s21.01x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.232s2.010s0.778s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.276s (+0.8%)2.011s (~)0.735s151.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.283s (+0.8%)2.010s (~)0.727s151.04x
💻 LocalExpress1.527s (~)2.006s (~)0.479s151.24x
💻 LocalNitro1.530s (+2.3%)2.006s (~)0.476s151.24x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.035s (-18.4% 🟢)3.514s (-10.8% 🟢)1.479s91.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.512s (+5.8% 🔺)3.966s (+2.5%)1.453s81.23x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro2.347s (-0.5%)3.007s (~)0.661s101.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.369s (+1.7%)3.009s (~)0.640s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.421s3.010s0.589s101.03x
💻 LocalExpress2.861s (-10.1% 🟢)3.008s (-25.0% 🟢)0.147s101.22x
💻 LocalNitro3.054s (+11.9% 🔺)3.884s (+21.1% 🔺)0.830s81.30x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.156s (+2.8%)5.019s (+11.4% 🔺)1.863s61.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)6.418s (+112.3% 🔺)8.231s (+86.8% 🔺)1.813s52.03x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express3.471s (-0.9%)4.008s (~)0.537s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro3.473s (-0.9%)4.012s (~)0.539s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.903s4.263s0.360s81.12x
💻 LocalExpress7.878s (-5.6% 🟢)8.520s (-5.6% 🟢)0.642s42.27x
💻 LocalNitro8.893s (+14.8% 🔺)9.277s (+8.9% 🔺)0.384s42.56x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)3.211s (+5.7% 🔺)4.847s (+5.2% 🔺)1.636s71.00x
▲ VercelNitro5.803s (+93.1% 🔺)7.681s (+64.5% 🔺)1.878s41.81x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.247s2.008s0.761s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.254s (-3.2%)2.009s (~)0.755s151.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.260s (~)2.008s (~)0.748s151.01x
💻 LocalExpress1.544s (-1.3%)2.005s (~)0.462s151.24x
💻 LocalNitro1.555s (+3.3%)2.006s (~)0.451s151.25x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.051s (-5.4% 🟢)3.746s (+4.6%)1.696s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.245s (+14.9% 🔺)3.869s (+1.5%)1.623s81.10x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express2.336s (-1.8%)3.010s (~)0.674s101.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.357s (+0.9%)3.009s (~)0.652s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.424s3.008s0.583s101.04x
💻 LocalNitro3.095s (-11.5% 🟢)4.010s (~)0.915s81.32x
💻 LocalExpress3.236s (+2.0%)4.009s (+3.2%)0.774s81.39x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.518s (-3.8%)4.005s (-6.1% 🟢)1.487s81.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.602s (+4.9%)3.841s (-0.7%)1.240s81.03x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express3.472s (~)4.010s (~)0.538s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro3.474s (~)4.009s (~)0.535s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.667s4.011s0.344s81.06x
💻 LocalExpress8.582s (-16.0% 🟢)9.021s (-18.2% 🟢)0.439s42.47x
💻 LocalNitro9.450s (+11.2% 🔺)10.023s (+11.1% 🔺)0.573s32.72x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.624s (+1.3%)4.211s (-1.9%)1.587s81.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.409s (-1.6%)5.089s (+5.6% 🔺)1.680s71.30x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro0.799s (-4.4%)1.006s (-1.7%)0.206s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.818s1.023s0.205s591.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.832s (-3.7%)1.006s (~)0.174s601.04x
💻 LocalNitro1.024s (+39.0% 🔺)1.654s (+64.7% 🔺)0.630s371.28x
💻 LocalExpress1.058s (+4.3%)1.142s (-32.8% 🟢)0.084s581.32x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro8.747s (+2.1%)10.776s (+5.5% 🔺)2.029s61.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)8.892s (-0.5%)10.457s (-1.9%)1.565s61.02x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.915s (-1.5%)2.101s (~)0.186s431.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.951s (-9.5% 🟢)2.101s (-29.5% 🟢)0.150s431.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.003s2.377s0.375s381.05x
💻 LocalExpress2.992s (-3.2%)3.416s (-14.8% 🟢)0.423s271.56x
💻 LocalNitro3.029s (+18.0% 🔺)3.689s (+16.0% 🔺)0.661s251.58x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro26.784s (-9.0% 🟢)28.529s (-9.5% 🟢)1.745s41.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)29.112s (+1.7%)31.094s (+2.4%)1.982s31.09x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro3.822s (-4.2%)4.009s (-6.7% 🟢)0.187s301.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.974s4.297s0.322s281.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress4.004s (-7.2% 🟢)4.567s (-8.9% 🟢)0.563s271.05x
💻 LocalExpress9.092s (-1.3%)9.556s (-4.6%)0.464s132.38x
💻 LocalNitro9.290s (+20.4% 🔺)10.019s (+21.9% 🔺)0.729s122.43x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro70.585s (-1.5%)71.947s (-3.3%)1.361s21.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)76.593s (~)78.389s (~)1.797s21.09x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.248s1.007s0.759s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.284s (+0.7%)1.006s (~)0.722s601.14x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.285s (-3.5%)1.007s (~)0.722s601.15x
💻 LocalExpress0.593s (-0.6%)1.004s (-1.7%)0.411s602.39x
💻 LocalNitro0.609s (-8.2% 🟢)1.022s (+1.7%)0.413s592.46x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.404s (-48.6% 🟢)2.702s (-39.3% 🟢)1.298s231.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)1.943s (+34.1% 🔺)3.609s (+20.0% 🔺)1.666s171.38x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.489s1.006s0.518s901.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.497s (+1.8%)1.006s (~)0.509s901.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.508s (-3.3%)1.006s (~)0.499s901.04x
💻 LocalExpress2.443s (-2.7%)3.008s (~)0.566s305.00x
💻 LocalNitro2.574s (-6.3% 🟢)3.011s (-5.4% 🟢)0.437s305.27x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.506s (+1.4%)4.098s (-1.0%)1.593s221.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.287s (-2.3%)4.863s (+0.7%)1.576s191.31x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.776s1.006s0.231s1201.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.777s (-1.2%)1.007s (~)0.230s1201.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.807s (-4.0%)1.009s (-1.0%)0.202s1191.04x
💻 LocalExpress10.917s (-0.8%)11.391s (-2.3%)0.474s1114.07x
💻 LocalNitro11.341s (+1.8%)12.029s (+1.5%)0.687s1014.62x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)6.259s (-13.5% 🟢)7.901s (-8.3% 🟢)1.642s161.00x
▲ VercelNitro7.888s (+2.7%)9.732s (+4.1%)1.843s131.26x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.198s1.000s0.001s1.010s0.812s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress0.199s (-4.7%)1.004s (~)0.011s (-6.5% 🟢)1.017s (~)0.818s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.208s (+4.4%)0.992s (-0.7%)0.001s (-18.8% 🟢)1.011s (~)0.803s101.05x
💻 LocalNitro0.208s (+41.2% 🔺)1.004s (~)0.013s (+37.4% 🔺)1.019s (~)0.810s101.05x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.215s (~)0.998s (~)0.002s (-5.9% 🟢)1.009s (~)0.794s101.09x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.469s (-10.0% 🟢)2.801s (-5.8% 🟢)0.621s (+44.3% 🔺)3.890s (+2.7%)2.421s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro1.501s (-3.4%)2.785s (-6.9% 🟢)0.465s (-20.6% 🟢)3.691s (-7.9% 🟢)2.191s101.02x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro0.606s (~)1.004s (~)0.004s (-5.1% 🟢)1.022s (~)0.417s591.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.611s1.009s0.004s1.022s0.411s591.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.657s (+1.6%)1.001s (-0.5%)0.004s (-25.6% 🟢)1.023s (~)0.366s591.08x
💻 LocalExpress0.719s (-2.3%)1.012s (~)0.009s (-1.1%)1.023s (~)0.305s591.19x
💻 LocalNitro0.833s (+26.0% 🔺)1.013s (~)0.010s (-5.9% 🟢)1.118s (+9.0% 🔺)0.284s541.38x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.984s (-9.0% 🟢)5.377s (-10.3% 🟢)0.247s (-16.2% 🟢)6.046s (-11.3% 🟢)2.061s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.436s (+7.9% 🔺)6.001s (+7.5% 🔺)0.222s (-69.4% 🟢)6.697s (~)2.261s91.11x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.932s1.091s0.000s1.099s0.167s551.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.949s (~)1.123s (-2.1%)0.000s (-67.3% 🟢)1.141s (-1.8%)0.192s531.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.986s (-0.6%)1.260s (-5.7% 🟢)0.000s (-55.1% 🟢)1.286s (-6.1% 🟢)0.300s491.06x
💻 LocalExpress1.225s (-3.8%)2.020s (~)0.000s (-45.5% 🟢)2.022s (~)0.796s301.32x
💻 LocalNitro1.258s (-5.0% 🟢)2.022s (~)0.000s (-17.6% 🟢)2.024s (~)0.765s301.35x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.656s (+4.3%)3.750s (+4.6%)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)4.203s (+2.4%)1.547s151.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.038s (-6.6% 🟢)4.232s (-3.5%)0.000s (-7.1% 🟢)4.624s (-3.0%)1.585s141.14x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.762s (-1.2%)2.174s (+3.7%)0.000s (+107.1% 🔺)2.187s (+3.6%)0.426s281.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.792s (~)2.102s (-1.9%)0.000s (NaN%)2.136s (-0.8%)0.343s291.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.833s2.146s0.000s2.153s0.320s281.04x
💻 LocalExpress3.366s (-8.1% 🟢)4.032s (-3.3%)0.001s (+45.5% 🔺)4.037s (-3.2%)0.671s151.91x
💻 LocalNitro3.505s (-11.2% 🟢)4.034s (-11.0% 🟢)0.001s (-15.2% 🟢)4.037s (-11.0% 🟢)0.532s151.99x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.455s (-2.8%)4.584s (-6.3% 🟢)0.000s (-69.2% 🟢)5.022s (-5.7% 🟢)1.568s131.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.550s (-18.4% 🟢)4.574s (-18.0% 🟢)0.000s (-69.4% 🟢)5.020s (-16.0% 🟢)1.470s121.03x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalExpress18/21
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)9/21
▲ VercelNitro17/21
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express🐘 Postgres17/21
Next.js (Turbopack)🐘 Postgres19/21
Nitro🐘 Postgres18/21
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run


Some benchmark jobs failed:

  • Local: cancelled
  • Postgres: success
  • Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

@github-actions

github-actionsBot commented Apr 6, 2026

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Contributor

🧪 E2E Test Results

Some tests failed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production923067990
✅ 💻 Local Development89801821080
✅ 📦 Local Production89801821080
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres89801821080
✅ 🪟 Windows820890
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds1337424231
✅ 📋 Other228042270
Total4060746874821

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (74 failed)

mongodb (7 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNT37ZE6WDGF4553Q141Y7NE
  • webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KNT387HNCXSKZ8CGVS8T9WKG
  • fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KNT3BN2N7E8SR774M62AT213
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNT3FDT6KJ761D25DPCAV4SM
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
  • resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KNT3NDJTMN0763SWB09J8W7Z

redis (7 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNT37ZE6WDGF4553Q141Y7NE
  • webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KNT387HNCXSKZ8CGVS8T9WKG
  • fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KNT3BN2N7E8SR774M62AT213
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNT3FDT6KJ761D25DPCAV4SM
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
  • resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KNT3NDJTMN0763SWB09J8W7Z

turso (60 failed):

  • addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNT36X7A2W7081S89BPNCM5N
  • addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNT36X7A2W7081S89BPNCM5N
  • wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KNT373ZVKNTJ4NB95G4NRN6F
  • should work with react rendering in step
  • promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KNT3732FYZ50WJ04GCY0XJF2
  • promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KNT3773GGE9TZNCME8EPSCKR
  • promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KNT3792GZRG1N36XYBJ4W872
  • importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KNT37FTQFE51WDXQ5SKED09J
  • hookWorkflow | wrun_01KNT37NQD5JJ2A0HD53B1ZCJV
  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNT37ZE6WDGF4553Q141Y7NE
  • webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KNT387HNCXSKZ8CGVS8T9WKG
  • sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KNT38D1B6EMCY4V99P5M9D66
  • parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KNT38S4N7BK32HFNESP73XDV
  • nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KNT38YGEY5M2DY2DJ7J1F8TX
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KNT390J8322X255QYGW5ZXVR
  • fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KNT3BN2N7E8SR774M62AT213
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KNT3BRMBWF2T1RTG9YP3PY9V
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
  • error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
  • error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
  • error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
  • error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
  • error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
  • error handling not registered WorkflowNotRegisteredError fails the run when workflow does not exist
  • error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the step but workflow can catch it
  • error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the run when not caught in workflow
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KNT3EVB6PCA4SYTK6MY35FDV
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNT3FDT6KJ761D25DPCAV4SM
  • hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KNT3G0N2PGGK9S92HFD510ZR
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KNT3GM2CPB5ES894X96KEEHM
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KNT3GVDD80CW9EHD8KFQS8GG
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KNT3H04EEMMV7K2822A1SB2Q
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KNT3H1ZJ0YW85ZSRH7NK9X3A
  • runClassSerializationWorkflow - Run instances serialize across workflow/step boundaries | wrun_01KNT3HB9P31NCXQ2R3KH98XKW
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
  • pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KNT3HRC47VT316SDCZE10ZNK
  • Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KNT3HX28N40FQHGA4C16PKAK
  • AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KNT3J2ZEWCNHJR3CZ8K12BMD
  • ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KNT3J8PP8RYWXFE4GGF9TQ32
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KNT3JEB237KA64K5BAA7A2VP
  • customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KNT3JKZ1W22W53JP2VZVG8JS
  • instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KNT3JTR7PT2TVFPBQSJNMFM1
  • crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KNT3K47NBMH23R8HD6D6WCPR
  • stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KNT3KB6YHKE0Z7MKFZFGYFWN
  • cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KNT3KJ7SP6EW64B581QQBCD1
  • cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KNT3KTTH3Z2ABEBYST6SHJYZ
  • pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
  • hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KNT3M5GZC1GXJKD2R6C6QVV4
  • sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KNT3MS1Y1XQ0EP8G2NZKK5FK
  • sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KNT3N3QCQTM3WZR4QHW7CQKY
  • importMetaUrlWorkflow - import.meta.url is available in step bundles | wrun_01KNT3N9VPCHPWWGZGV9WTV97F
  • metadataFromHelperWorkflow - getWorkflowMetadata/getStepMetadata work from module-level helper (#1577) | wrun_01KNT3NBTAZ36Q2YMYVHMJQS14
  • resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KNT3NDJTMN0763SWB09J8W7Z
  • getterStepWorkflow - getter functions with "use step" directive | wrun_01KNT3NGHNP4JFF65AZ5KTV95W

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro8307
✅ example8307
✅ express8307
✅ fastify8307
✅ hono8307
✅ nextjs-turbopack8802
✅ nextjs-webpack8802
✅ nitro8307
✅ nuxt8307
✅ sveltekit8307
✅ vite8307
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable76014
✅ express-stable76014
✅ fastify-stable76014
✅ hono-stable76014
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary63027
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable8208
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary63027
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable8208
✅ nitro-stable76014
✅ nuxt-stable76014
✅ sveltekit-stable76014
✅ vite-stable76014
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable76014
✅ express-stable76014
✅ fastify-stable76014
✅ hono-stable76014
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary63027
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable8208
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary63027
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable8208
✅ nitro-stable76014
✅ nuxt-stable76014
✅ sveltekit-stable76014
✅ vite-stable76014
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable76014
✅ express-stable76014
✅ fastify-stable76014
✅ hono-stable76014
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary63027
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable8208
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary63027
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable8208
✅ nitro-stable76014
✅ nuxt-stable76014
✅ sveltekit-stable76014
✅ vite-stable76014
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack8208
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ mongodb-dev600
❌ mongodb5678
✅ redis-dev600
❌ redis5678
✅ turso-dev600
❌ turso3608
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable76014
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable76014
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable76014

📋 View full workflow run

@vercelvercelBot left a comment

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Contributor

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

Additional Suggestion:

Getter step registrations (instance and static) generate bare registerStepFunction(...) calls referencing an undefined function, causing runtime failures since workflow/internal/private was removed.

Fix on Vercel

CopilotAI left a comment

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Contributor

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

Pull request overview

This PR aims to make Run instances serializable/deserializable across step/runtime and workflow-VM boundaries via the class registry + WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE, and adds tests to validate roundtrips.

Changes:

  • Add custom class serialization hooks to @workflow/core’s Run and update runtime behavior to be workflow/step boundary friendly.
  • Expose Run from workflow/api and add runtime + e2e tests covering boundary roundtrips.
  • Add a changeset bumping @workflow/core and workflow for the new behavior.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 7 out of 7 changed files in this pull request and generated 3 comments.

Show a summary per file
FileDescription
workbench/example/workflows/99_e2e.tsAdds an example workflow that passes Run across workflow/step boundaries and asserts instanceof/behavior.
packages/workflow/src/api-workflow.tsChanges workflow-conditional workflow/api surface to export Run (previously a throwing stub).
packages/core/src/runtime/runs.test.tsAdds unit tests for Run custom serialization and step boundary roundtrip.
packages/core/src/runtime/run.tsImplements Run class serialization hooks and makes world access lazy; annotates methods/getters with 'use step'.
packages/core/package.jsonAdds a new ./runtime/run export.
packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.tsAdds an e2e test ensuring Run roundtrips across workflow/step boundaries in real execution.
.changeset/neat-runs-serialize.mdDeclares minor version bumps for the new Run serialization behavior.

💡 Add Copilot custom instructions for smarter, more guided reviews. Learn how to get started.

Comment threadpackages/workflow/src/api-workflow.ts
Comment threadpackages/core/package.json
Comment threadpackages/core/src/runtime/run.ts Outdated
Comment on lines +74 to +78
return { runId: instance.runId };
}

static [WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE](data: { runId: string }) {
return new Run(data.runId);

CopilotAIApr 9, 2026

Copy link

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

Run instances created by start() can carry resilientStart state that changes pollReturnValue() behavior (retries on WorkflowRunNotFoundError). The custom class serialization currently only persists { runId }, so after crossing a step/workflow boundary the deserialized Run will lose resilientStart and may fail fast on transient 404s. Include resilientStart (and set it in deserialization) so behavior is preserved across serialization boundaries.

Suggested change
return{runId: instance.runId};
}
static[WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE](data: {runId: string}){
returnnewRun(data.runId);
const{ runId, resilientStart }=instanceasRun<unknown>&{
resilientStart?: boolean;
};
return{ runId, resilientStart };
}
static[WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE](data: {
runId: string;
resilientStart?: boolean;
}){
construn=newRun(data.runId);
(runasRun<unknown>&{resilientStart?: boolean}).resilientStart=
data.resilientStart;
returnrun;

Copilot uses AI. Check for mistakes.

Copy link
Copy Markdown
MemberAuthor

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

Good catch. Fixed — WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE now includes resilientStart in the payload and WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE passes it to the constructor. Unit test updated.

@VaguelySeriousVaguelySerious left a comment

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Member

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

AI review: no blocking issues

Comment threadpackages/core/src/runtime/run.ts Outdated
}

static [WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE](data: { runId: string }) {
return new Run(data.runId);

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Member

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

AI Review: Note

WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE always constructs new Run(data.runId) and drops constructor options. start() can return new Run(runId, { resilientStart: true }) (see start.ts). If a Run with resilientStart: true is ever passed across a serde boundary, returnValue polling would lose the extra 404 retry behavior. If that combination is not supported, consider documenting it; if it might happen, consider including resilientStart in the serialized payload.

Copy link
Copy Markdown
MemberAuthor

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

Fixed in the same commit — resilientStart is now included in the serialized payload.

@VaguelySeriousVaguelySerious left a comment

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Member

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

AI review: no blocking issues

Comment threadpackages/core/package.json

@VaguelySeriousVaguelySerious left a comment

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Member

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

AI review: no blocking issues

Comment threadpackages/core/src/runtime/run.ts
Single Run class implementation:
- Add WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE to core Run class
- Mark all runtime-dependent methods/getters with "use step" so SWC
strips their bodies from the workflow bundle
- Remove duplicate Run stub from api-workflow.ts; re-export core Run
- SWC auto-registers the class (no manual registerSerializationClass)
- Add e2e test for Run serialization across workflow/step boundaries
- Add unit tests for serde roundtrip

CopilotAI left a comment

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Contributor

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

Pull request overview

Copilot reviewed 7 out of 7 changed files in this pull request and generated 1 comment.


💡 Add Copilot custom instructions for smarter, more guided reviews. Learn how to get started.

Comment on lines +246 to +256
const serialized = Run[WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE](run);
const deserialized = Run[WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE]({
runId: 'wrun_deserialize',
});

expect(serialized).toEqual({
runId: 'wrun_serialize',
resilientStart: false,
});
expect(deserialized).toBeInstanceOf(Run);
expect(deserialized.runId).toBe('wrun_deserialize');

CopilotAIApr 9, 2026

Copy link

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

The new serialization unit test only asserts resilientStart: false. Since resilientStart is now part of the serialized payload (and affects returnValue retry behavior), add a case that serializes/deserializes a Run created with resilientStart: true and asserts it roundtrips as true to prevent regressions.

Suggested change
constserialized=Run[WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE](run);
constdeserialized=Run[WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE]({
runId: 'wrun_deserialize',
});
expect(serialized).toEqual({
runId: 'wrun_serialize',
resilientStart: false,
});
expect(deserialized).toBeInstanceOf(Run);
expect(deserialized.runId).toBe('wrun_deserialize');
constserialized=Run[WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE](run);
constresilientRun=newRun('wrun_serialize_resilient',{
resilientStart: true,
});
constresilientSerialized=Run[WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE](resilientRun);
constdeserialized=Run[WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE]({
runId: 'wrun_deserialize',
});
constresilientDeserialized=Run[WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE]({
runId: 'wrun_deserialize_resilient',
resilientStart: true,
});
expect(serialized).toEqual({
runId: 'wrun_serialize',
resilientStart: false,
});
expect(resilientSerialized).toEqual({
runId: 'wrun_serialize_resilient',
resilientStart: true,
});
expect(deserialized).toBeInstanceOf(Run);
expect(deserialized.runId).toBe('wrun_deserialize');
expect(deserialized.resilientStart).toBe(false);
expect(resilientDeserialized).toBeInstanceOf(Run);
expect(resilientDeserialized.runId).toBe('wrun_deserialize_resilient');
expect(resilientDeserialized.resilientStart).toBe(true);

Copilot uses AI. Check for mistakes.
ijjk
ijjk approved these changes Apr 9, 2026
Sign up for freeto join this conversation on GitHub. Already have an account? Sign in to comment

Labels

None yet

Projects

None yet

Development

Successfully merging this pull request may close these issues.

4 participants

@TooTallNate@ijjk@VaguelySerious
, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { // Remove or un-stick sticky/fixed headers that block content (function() { function unstick() { document.querySelectorAll('header, nav, [role="banner"], .header, .navbar, .sticky, .fixed-top, [style*="position: fixed"], [style*="position:sticky"]').forEach(function(el) { if (el.style.position === 'fixed' || el.style.position === 'sticky' || getComputedStyle(el).position === 'fixed' || getComputedStyle(el).position === 'sticky') { el.style.position = 'static'; el.style.top = 'auto'; el.style.zIndex = 'auto'; } }); } unstick(); var observer = new MutationObserver(unstick); observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true, attributes: true, attributeFilter: ['style', 'class'] }); })(); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Kill Sticky Headers]', __e); } })(); (function(){ try { var __m = "*"; var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + ' fix: serialize Run across runtime and workflow VM by TooTallNate · Pull Request #1616 · vercel/workflow · GitHub
Skip to content

fix: serialize Run across runtime and workflow VM - #1616

Merged
TooTallNate merged 5 commits into
mainfrom
codex/run-class-serialization-e2e
Apr 9, 2026
Merged

fix: serialize Run across runtime and workflow VM#1616
TooTallNate merged 5 commits into
mainfrom
codex/run-class-serialization-e2e

Conversation

@TooTallNate

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Member

Summary

  • switch Run in core runtime to custom class serialization (WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE / WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE) and register it in the class registry
  • make workflow-VM Run (workflow/api) deserializable and registry-registered so Run instances can cross step/workflow boundaries without bespoke reducer paths
  • add e2e coverage for Run boundary roundtrips in workbench/example/workflows/99_e2e.ts and packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts, plus runtime unit tests for class serde behavior
  • add a changeset for @workflow/core and workflow

Testing

  • pnpm --filter @workflow/core typecheck
  • pnpm --filter workflow typecheck
  • pnpm vitest run src/runtime/runs.test.ts -t "Run custom serialization" (from packages/core)

@changeset-bot

changeset-botBot commented Apr 6, 2026

Copy link
Copy Markdown

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 407a19f

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages
NameType
@workflow/coreMinor
workflowMinor
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/vitestPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/aiMajor
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

@vercel

vercelBot commented Apr 6, 2026

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Contributor

@github-actions

github-actionsBot commented Apr 6, 2026

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Contributor

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.043s (-0.7%)1.005s (~)0.963s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro0.044s (+17.5% 🔺)1.005s (~)0.961s101.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.056s1.010s0.955s101.32x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.060s (-10.1% 🟢)1.011s (~)0.951s101.40x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.061s (-2.7%)1.009s (~)0.948s101.44x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro0.207s (-26.7% 🟢)2.309s (-7.0% 🟢)2.102s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)0.236s (-46.9% 🟢)2.099s (-5.5% 🟢)1.863s101.14x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.127s (+2.2%)2.006s (~)0.880s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.130s (~)2.005s (~)0.875s101.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.142s (~)2.011s (~)0.869s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.142s2.011s0.869s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.150s (~)2.010s (~)0.861s101.02x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.885s (-10.1% 🟢)3.489s (-9.1% 🟢)1.604s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)1.916s (-7.5% 🟢)3.517s (-4.8%)1.600s101.02x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express10.896s (~)11.022s (~)0.126s31.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.905s (~)11.018s (~)0.113s31.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.907s11.019s0.112s31.00x
💻 LocalNitro10.909s (+2.2%)11.024s (~)0.115s31.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress10.941s (+0.7%)11.024s (~)0.083s31.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro16.877s (~)18.761s (-1.2%)1.885s21.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)17.610s (-0.9%)19.170s (+1.1%)1.560s21.04x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro14.482s (~)15.024s (~)0.541s41.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)14.511s15.026s0.515s41.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress14.589s (~)15.024s (~)0.435s41.01x
💻 LocalExpress14.890s (-1.1%)15.029s (-6.2% 🟢)0.139s41.03x
💻 LocalNitro15.019s (+5.6% 🔺)15.781s (+5.0% 🔺)0.762s41.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro30.535s (-2.8%)32.926s (-2.1%)2.392s21.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)35.051s (+3.3%)37.323s (+3.8%)2.272s21.15x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)13.862s14.164s0.302s71.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro13.905s (~)14.161s (+1.0%)0.256s71.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress14.308s (+1.6%)15.021s (+1.9%)0.713s61.03x
💻 LocalExpress16.460s (-2.8%)17.030s (~)0.569s61.19x
💻 LocalNitro16.904s (+13.3% 🔺)17.031s (+13.3% 🔺)0.127s61.22x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro206.024s (+282.0% 🔺)208.069s (+272.0% 🔺)2.045s21.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)208.680s (+281.3% 🔺)210.330s (+268.7% 🔺)1.650s21.01x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.232s2.010s0.778s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.276s (+0.8%)2.011s (~)0.735s151.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.283s (+0.8%)2.010s (~)0.727s151.04x
💻 LocalExpress1.527s (~)2.006s (~)0.479s151.24x
💻 LocalNitro1.530s (+2.3%)2.006s (~)0.476s151.24x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.035s (-18.4% 🟢)3.514s (-10.8% 🟢)1.479s91.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.512s (+5.8% 🔺)3.966s (+2.5%)1.453s81.23x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro2.347s (-0.5%)3.007s (~)0.661s101.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.369s (+1.7%)3.009s (~)0.640s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.421s3.010s0.589s101.03x
💻 LocalExpress2.861s (-10.1% 🟢)3.008s (-25.0% 🟢)0.147s101.22x
💻 LocalNitro3.054s (+11.9% 🔺)3.884s (+21.1% 🔺)0.830s81.30x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.156s (+2.8%)5.019s (+11.4% 🔺)1.863s61.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)6.418s (+112.3% 🔺)8.231s (+86.8% 🔺)1.813s52.03x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express3.471s (-0.9%)4.008s (~)0.537s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro3.473s (-0.9%)4.012s (~)0.539s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.903s4.263s0.360s81.12x
💻 LocalExpress7.878s (-5.6% 🟢)8.520s (-5.6% 🟢)0.642s42.27x
💻 LocalNitro8.893s (+14.8% 🔺)9.277s (+8.9% 🔺)0.384s42.56x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)3.211s (+5.7% 🔺)4.847s (+5.2% 🔺)1.636s71.00x
▲ VercelNitro5.803s (+93.1% 🔺)7.681s (+64.5% 🔺)1.878s41.81x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.247s2.008s0.761s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.254s (-3.2%)2.009s (~)0.755s151.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.260s (~)2.008s (~)0.748s151.01x
💻 LocalExpress1.544s (-1.3%)2.005s (~)0.462s151.24x
💻 LocalNitro1.555s (+3.3%)2.006s (~)0.451s151.25x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.051s (-5.4% 🟢)3.746s (+4.6%)1.696s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.245s (+14.9% 🔺)3.869s (+1.5%)1.623s81.10x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express2.336s (-1.8%)3.010s (~)0.674s101.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.357s (+0.9%)3.009s (~)0.652s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.424s3.008s0.583s101.04x
💻 LocalNitro3.095s (-11.5% 🟢)4.010s (~)0.915s81.32x
💻 LocalExpress3.236s (+2.0%)4.009s (+3.2%)0.774s81.39x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.518s (-3.8%)4.005s (-6.1% 🟢)1.487s81.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.602s (+4.9%)3.841s (-0.7%)1.240s81.03x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express3.472s (~)4.010s (~)0.538s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro3.474s (~)4.009s (~)0.535s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.667s4.011s0.344s81.06x
💻 LocalExpress8.582s (-16.0% 🟢)9.021s (-18.2% 🟢)0.439s42.47x
💻 LocalNitro9.450s (+11.2% 🔺)10.023s (+11.1% 🔺)0.573s32.72x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.624s (+1.3%)4.211s (-1.9%)1.587s81.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.409s (-1.6%)5.089s (+5.6% 🔺)1.680s71.30x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro0.799s (-4.4%)1.006s (-1.7%)0.206s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.818s1.023s0.205s591.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.832s (-3.7%)1.006s (~)0.174s601.04x
💻 LocalNitro1.024s (+39.0% 🔺)1.654s (+64.7% 🔺)0.630s371.28x
💻 LocalExpress1.058s (+4.3%)1.142s (-32.8% 🟢)0.084s581.32x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro8.747s (+2.1%)10.776s (+5.5% 🔺)2.029s61.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)8.892s (-0.5%)10.457s (-1.9%)1.565s61.02x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.915s (-1.5%)2.101s (~)0.186s431.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.951s (-9.5% 🟢)2.101s (-29.5% 🟢)0.150s431.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.003s2.377s0.375s381.05x
💻 LocalExpress2.992s (-3.2%)3.416s (-14.8% 🟢)0.423s271.56x
💻 LocalNitro3.029s (+18.0% 🔺)3.689s (+16.0% 🔺)0.661s251.58x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro26.784s (-9.0% 🟢)28.529s (-9.5% 🟢)1.745s41.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)29.112s (+1.7%)31.094s (+2.4%)1.982s31.09x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro3.822s (-4.2%)4.009s (-6.7% 🟢)0.187s301.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.974s4.297s0.322s281.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress4.004s (-7.2% 🟢)4.567s (-8.9% 🟢)0.563s271.05x
💻 LocalExpress9.092s (-1.3%)9.556s (-4.6%)0.464s132.38x
💻 LocalNitro9.290s (+20.4% 🔺)10.019s (+21.9% 🔺)0.729s122.43x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro70.585s (-1.5%)71.947s (-3.3%)1.361s21.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)76.593s (~)78.389s (~)1.797s21.09x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.248s1.007s0.759s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.284s (+0.7%)1.006s (~)0.722s601.14x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.285s (-3.5%)1.007s (~)0.722s601.15x
💻 LocalExpress0.593s (-0.6%)1.004s (-1.7%)0.411s602.39x
💻 LocalNitro0.609s (-8.2% 🟢)1.022s (+1.7%)0.413s592.46x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.404s (-48.6% 🟢)2.702s (-39.3% 🟢)1.298s231.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)1.943s (+34.1% 🔺)3.609s (+20.0% 🔺)1.666s171.38x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.489s1.006s0.518s901.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.497s (+1.8%)1.006s (~)0.509s901.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.508s (-3.3%)1.006s (~)0.499s901.04x
💻 LocalExpress2.443s (-2.7%)3.008s (~)0.566s305.00x
💻 LocalNitro2.574s (-6.3% 🟢)3.011s (-5.4% 🟢)0.437s305.27x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.506s (+1.4%)4.098s (-1.0%)1.593s221.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.287s (-2.3%)4.863s (+0.7%)1.576s191.31x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.776s1.006s0.231s1201.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.777s (-1.2%)1.007s (~)0.230s1201.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.807s (-4.0%)1.009s (-1.0%)0.202s1191.04x
💻 LocalExpress10.917s (-0.8%)11.391s (-2.3%)0.474s1114.07x
💻 LocalNitro11.341s (+1.8%)12.029s (+1.5%)0.687s1014.62x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)6.259s (-13.5% 🟢)7.901s (-8.3% 🟢)1.642s161.00x
▲ VercelNitro7.888s (+2.7%)9.732s (+4.1%)1.843s131.26x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.198s1.000s0.001s1.010s0.812s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress0.199s (-4.7%)1.004s (~)0.011s (-6.5% 🟢)1.017s (~)0.818s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.208s (+4.4%)0.992s (-0.7%)0.001s (-18.8% 🟢)1.011s (~)0.803s101.05x
💻 LocalNitro0.208s (+41.2% 🔺)1.004s (~)0.013s (+37.4% 🔺)1.019s (~)0.810s101.05x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.215s (~)0.998s (~)0.002s (-5.9% 🟢)1.009s (~)0.794s101.09x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.469s (-10.0% 🟢)2.801s (-5.8% 🟢)0.621s (+44.3% 🔺)3.890s (+2.7%)2.421s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro1.501s (-3.4%)2.785s (-6.9% 🟢)0.465s (-20.6% 🟢)3.691s (-7.9% 🟢)2.191s101.02x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro0.606s (~)1.004s (~)0.004s (-5.1% 🟢)1.022s (~)0.417s591.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.611s1.009s0.004s1.022s0.411s591.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.657s (+1.6%)1.001s (-0.5%)0.004s (-25.6% 🟢)1.023s (~)0.366s591.08x
💻 LocalExpress0.719s (-2.3%)1.012s (~)0.009s (-1.1%)1.023s (~)0.305s591.19x
💻 LocalNitro0.833s (+26.0% 🔺)1.013s (~)0.010s (-5.9% 🟢)1.118s (+9.0% 🔺)0.284s541.38x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.984s (-9.0% 🟢)5.377s (-10.3% 🟢)0.247s (-16.2% 🟢)6.046s (-11.3% 🟢)2.061s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.436s (+7.9% 🔺)6.001s (+7.5% 🔺)0.222s (-69.4% 🟢)6.697s (~)2.261s91.11x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.932s1.091s0.000s1.099s0.167s551.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.949s (~)1.123s (-2.1%)0.000s (-67.3% 🟢)1.141s (-1.8%)0.192s531.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.986s (-0.6%)1.260s (-5.7% 🟢)0.000s (-55.1% 🟢)1.286s (-6.1% 🟢)0.300s491.06x
💻 LocalExpress1.225s (-3.8%)2.020s (~)0.000s (-45.5% 🟢)2.022s (~)0.796s301.32x
💻 LocalNitro1.258s (-5.0% 🟢)2.022s (~)0.000s (-17.6% 🟢)2.024s (~)0.765s301.35x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.656s (+4.3%)3.750s (+4.6%)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)4.203s (+2.4%)1.547s151.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.038s (-6.6% 🟢)4.232s (-3.5%)0.000s (-7.1% 🟢)4.624s (-3.0%)1.585s141.14x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.762s (-1.2%)2.174s (+3.7%)0.000s (+107.1% 🔺)2.187s (+3.6%)0.426s281.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.792s (~)2.102s (-1.9%)0.000s (NaN%)2.136s (-0.8%)0.343s291.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.833s2.146s0.000s2.153s0.320s281.04x
💻 LocalExpress3.366s (-8.1% 🟢)4.032s (-3.3%)0.001s (+45.5% 🔺)4.037s (-3.2%)0.671s151.91x
💻 LocalNitro3.505s (-11.2% 🟢)4.034s (-11.0% 🟢)0.001s (-15.2% 🟢)4.037s (-11.0% 🟢)0.532s151.99x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.455s (-2.8%)4.584s (-6.3% 🟢)0.000s (-69.2% 🟢)5.022s (-5.7% 🟢)1.568s131.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.550s (-18.4% 🟢)4.574s (-18.0% 🟢)0.000s (-69.4% 🟢)5.020s (-16.0% 🟢)1.470s121.03x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalExpress18/21
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)9/21
▲ VercelNitro17/21
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express🐘 Postgres17/21
Next.js (Turbopack)🐘 Postgres19/21
Nitro🐘 Postgres18/21
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run


Some benchmark jobs failed:

  • Local: cancelled
  • Postgres: success
  • Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

@github-actions

github-actionsBot commented Apr 6, 2026

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Contributor

🧪 E2E Test Results

Some tests failed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production923067990
✅ 💻 Local Development89801821080
✅ 📦 Local Production89801821080
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres89801821080
✅ 🪟 Windows820890
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds1337424231
✅ 📋 Other228042270
Total4060746874821

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (74 failed)

mongodb (7 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNT37ZE6WDGF4553Q141Y7NE
  • webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KNT387HNCXSKZ8CGVS8T9WKG
  • fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KNT3BN2N7E8SR774M62AT213
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNT3FDT6KJ761D25DPCAV4SM
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
  • resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KNT3NDJTMN0763SWB09J8W7Z

redis (7 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNT37ZE6WDGF4553Q141Y7NE
  • webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KNT387HNCXSKZ8CGVS8T9WKG
  • fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KNT3BN2N7E8SR774M62AT213
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNT3FDT6KJ761D25DPCAV4SM
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
  • resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KNT3NDJTMN0763SWB09J8W7Z

turso (60 failed):

  • addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNT36X7A2W7081S89BPNCM5N
  • addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNT36X7A2W7081S89BPNCM5N
  • wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KNT373ZVKNTJ4NB95G4NRN6F
  • should work with react rendering in step
  • promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KNT3732FYZ50WJ04GCY0XJF2
  • promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KNT3773GGE9TZNCME8EPSCKR
  • promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KNT3792GZRG1N36XYBJ4W872
  • importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KNT37FTQFE51WDXQ5SKED09J
  • hookWorkflow | wrun_01KNT37NQD5JJ2A0HD53B1ZCJV
  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNT37ZE6WDGF4553Q141Y7NE
  • webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KNT387HNCXSKZ8CGVS8T9WKG
  • sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KNT38D1B6EMCY4V99P5M9D66
  • parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KNT38S4N7BK32HFNESP73XDV
  • nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KNT38YGEY5M2DY2DJ7J1F8TX
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KNT390J8322X255QYGW5ZXVR
  • fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KNT3BN2N7E8SR774M62AT213
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KNT3BRMBWF2T1RTG9YP3PY9V
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
  • error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
  • error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
  • error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
  • error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
  • error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
  • error handling not registered WorkflowNotRegisteredError fails the run when workflow does not exist
  • error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the step but workflow can catch it
  • error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the run when not caught in workflow
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KNT3EVB6PCA4SYTK6MY35FDV
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNT3FDT6KJ761D25DPCAV4SM
  • hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KNT3G0N2PGGK9S92HFD510ZR
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KNT3GM2CPB5ES894X96KEEHM
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KNT3GVDD80CW9EHD8KFQS8GG
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KNT3H04EEMMV7K2822A1SB2Q
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KNT3H1ZJ0YW85ZSRH7NK9X3A
  • runClassSerializationWorkflow - Run instances serialize across workflow/step boundaries | wrun_01KNT3HB9P31NCXQ2R3KH98XKW
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
  • pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KNT3HRC47VT316SDCZE10ZNK
  • Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KNT3HX28N40FQHGA4C16PKAK
  • AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KNT3J2ZEWCNHJR3CZ8K12BMD
  • ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KNT3J8PP8RYWXFE4GGF9TQ32
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KNT3JEB237KA64K5BAA7A2VP
  • customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KNT3JKZ1W22W53JP2VZVG8JS
  • instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KNT3JTR7PT2TVFPBQSJNMFM1
  • crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KNT3K47NBMH23R8HD6D6WCPR
  • stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KNT3KB6YHKE0Z7MKFZFGYFWN
  • cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KNT3KJ7SP6EW64B581QQBCD1
  • cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KNT3KTTH3Z2ABEBYST6SHJYZ
  • pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
  • hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KNT3M5GZC1GXJKD2R6C6QVV4
  • sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KNT3MS1Y1XQ0EP8G2NZKK5FK
  • sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KNT3N3QCQTM3WZR4QHW7CQKY
  • importMetaUrlWorkflow - import.meta.url is available in step bundles | wrun_01KNT3N9VPCHPWWGZGV9WTV97F
  • metadataFromHelperWorkflow - getWorkflowMetadata/getStepMetadata work from module-level helper (#1577) | wrun_01KNT3NBTAZ36Q2YMYVHMJQS14
  • resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KNT3NDJTMN0763SWB09J8W7Z
  • getterStepWorkflow - getter functions with "use step" directive | wrun_01KNT3NGHNP4JFF65AZ5KTV95W

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro8307
✅ example8307
✅ express8307
✅ fastify8307
✅ hono8307
✅ nextjs-turbopack8802
✅ nextjs-webpack8802
✅ nitro8307
✅ nuxt8307
✅ sveltekit8307
✅ vite8307
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable76014
✅ express-stable76014
✅ fastify-stable76014
✅ hono-stable76014
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary63027
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable8208
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary63027
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable8208
✅ nitro-stable76014
✅ nuxt-stable76014
✅ sveltekit-stable76014
✅ vite-stable76014
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable76014
✅ express-stable76014
✅ fastify-stable76014
✅ hono-stable76014
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary63027
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable8208
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary63027
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable8208
✅ nitro-stable76014
✅ nuxt-stable76014
✅ sveltekit-stable76014
✅ vite-stable76014
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable76014
✅ express-stable76014
✅ fastify-stable76014
✅ hono-stable76014
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary63027
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable8208
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary63027
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable8208
✅ nitro-stable76014
✅ nuxt-stable76014
✅ sveltekit-stable76014
✅ vite-stable76014
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack8208
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ mongodb-dev600
❌ mongodb5678
✅ redis-dev600
❌ redis5678
✅ turso-dev600
❌ turso3608
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable76014
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable76014
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable76014

📋 View full workflow run

@vercelvercelBot left a comment

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Contributor

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

Additional Suggestion:

Getter step registrations (instance and static) generate bare registerStepFunction(...) calls referencing an undefined function, causing runtime failures since workflow/internal/private was removed.

Fix on Vercel

CopilotAI left a comment

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Contributor

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

Pull request overview

This PR aims to make Run instances serializable/deserializable across step/runtime and workflow-VM boundaries via the class registry + WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE, and adds tests to validate roundtrips.

Changes:

  • Add custom class serialization hooks to @workflow/core’s Run and update runtime behavior to be workflow/step boundary friendly.
  • Expose Run from workflow/api and add runtime + e2e tests covering boundary roundtrips.
  • Add a changeset bumping @workflow/core and workflow for the new behavior.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 7 out of 7 changed files in this pull request and generated 3 comments.

Show a summary per file
FileDescription
workbench/example/workflows/99_e2e.tsAdds an example workflow that passes Run across workflow/step boundaries and asserts instanceof/behavior.
packages/workflow/src/api-workflow.tsChanges workflow-conditional workflow/api surface to export Run (previously a throwing stub).
packages/core/src/runtime/runs.test.tsAdds unit tests for Run custom serialization and step boundary roundtrip.
packages/core/src/runtime/run.tsImplements Run class serialization hooks and makes world access lazy; annotates methods/getters with 'use step'.
packages/core/package.jsonAdds a new ./runtime/run export.
packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.tsAdds an e2e test ensuring Run roundtrips across workflow/step boundaries in real execution.
.changeset/neat-runs-serialize.mdDeclares minor version bumps for the new Run serialization behavior.

💡 Add Copilot custom instructions for smarter, more guided reviews. Learn how to get started.

Comment threadpackages/workflow/src/api-workflow.ts
Comment threadpackages/core/package.json
Comment threadpackages/core/src/runtime/run.ts Outdated
Comment on lines +74 to +78
return { runId: instance.runId };
}

static [WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE](data: { runId: string }) {
return new Run(data.runId);

CopilotAIApr 9, 2026

Copy link

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

Run instances created by start() can carry resilientStart state that changes pollReturnValue() behavior (retries on WorkflowRunNotFoundError). The custom class serialization currently only persists { runId }, so after crossing a step/workflow boundary the deserialized Run will lose resilientStart and may fail fast on transient 404s. Include resilientStart (and set it in deserialization) so behavior is preserved across serialization boundaries.

Suggested change
return{runId: instance.runId};
}
static[WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE](data: {runId: string}){
returnnewRun(data.runId);
const{ runId, resilientStart }=instanceasRun<unknown>&{
resilientStart?: boolean;
};
return{ runId, resilientStart };
}
static[WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE](data: {
runId: string;
resilientStart?: boolean;
}){
construn=newRun(data.runId);
(runasRun<unknown>&{resilientStart?: boolean}).resilientStart=
data.resilientStart;
returnrun;

Copilot uses AI. Check for mistakes.

Copy link
Copy Markdown
MemberAuthor

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

Good catch. Fixed — WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE now includes resilientStart in the payload and WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE passes it to the constructor. Unit test updated.

@VaguelySeriousVaguelySerious left a comment

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Member

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

AI review: no blocking issues

Comment threadpackages/core/src/runtime/run.ts Outdated
}

static [WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE](data: { runId: string }) {
return new Run(data.runId);

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Member

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

AI Review: Note

WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE always constructs new Run(data.runId) and drops constructor options. start() can return new Run(runId, { resilientStart: true }) (see start.ts). If a Run with resilientStart: true is ever passed across a serde boundary, returnValue polling would lose the extra 404 retry behavior. If that combination is not supported, consider documenting it; if it might happen, consider including resilientStart in the serialized payload.

Copy link
Copy Markdown
MemberAuthor

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

Fixed in the same commit — resilientStart is now included in the serialized payload.

@VaguelySeriousVaguelySerious left a comment

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Member

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

AI review: no blocking issues

Comment threadpackages/core/package.json

@VaguelySeriousVaguelySerious left a comment

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Member

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

AI review: no blocking issues

Comment threadpackages/core/src/runtime/run.ts
Single Run class implementation:
- Add WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE to core Run class
- Mark all runtime-dependent methods/getters with "use step" so SWC
strips their bodies from the workflow bundle
- Remove duplicate Run stub from api-workflow.ts; re-export core Run
- SWC auto-registers the class (no manual registerSerializationClass)
- Add e2e test for Run serialization across workflow/step boundaries
- Add unit tests for serde roundtrip

CopilotAI left a comment

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Contributor

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

Pull request overview

Copilot reviewed 7 out of 7 changed files in this pull request and generated 1 comment.


💡 Add Copilot custom instructions for smarter, more guided reviews. Learn how to get started.

Comment on lines +246 to +256
const serialized = Run[WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE](run);
const deserialized = Run[WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE]({
runId: 'wrun_deserialize',
});

expect(serialized).toEqual({
runId: 'wrun_serialize',
resilientStart: false,
});
expect(deserialized).toBeInstanceOf(Run);
expect(deserialized.runId).toBe('wrun_deserialize');

CopilotAIApr 9, 2026

Copy link

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

The new serialization unit test only asserts resilientStart: false. Since resilientStart is now part of the serialized payload (and affects returnValue retry behavior), add a case that serializes/deserializes a Run created with resilientStart: true and asserts it roundtrips as true to prevent regressions.

Suggested change
constserialized=Run[WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE](run);
constdeserialized=Run[WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE]({
runId: 'wrun_deserialize',
});
expect(serialized).toEqual({
runId: 'wrun_serialize',
resilientStart: false,
});
expect(deserialized).toBeInstanceOf(Run);
expect(deserialized.runId).toBe('wrun_deserialize');
constserialized=Run[WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE](run);
constresilientRun=newRun('wrun_serialize_resilient',{
resilientStart: true,
});
constresilientSerialized=Run[WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE](resilientRun);
constdeserialized=Run[WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE]({
runId: 'wrun_deserialize',
});
constresilientDeserialized=Run[WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE]({
runId: 'wrun_deserialize_resilient',
resilientStart: true,
});
expect(serialized).toEqual({
runId: 'wrun_serialize',
resilientStart: false,
});
expect(resilientSerialized).toEqual({
runId: 'wrun_serialize_resilient',
resilientStart: true,
});
expect(deserialized).toBeInstanceOf(Run);
expect(deserialized.runId).toBe('wrun_deserialize');
expect(deserialized.resilientStart).toBe(false);
expect(resilientDeserialized).toBeInstanceOf(Run);
expect(resilientDeserialized.runId).toBe('wrun_deserialize_resilient');
expect(resilientDeserialized.resilientStart).toBe(true);

Copilot uses AI. Check for mistakes.
ijjk
ijjk approved these changes Apr 9, 2026
Sign up for freeto join this conversation on GitHub. Already have an account? Sign in to comment

Labels

None yet

Projects

None yet

Development

Successfully merging this pull request may close these issues.

4 participants

@TooTallNate@ijjk@VaguelySerious
, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { // Universal Dark Mode - works on any site (function() { var enabled = true; function applyDarkMode() { if (!enabled) return; // Create style element if it doesn't exist var style = document.getElementById('universal-dark-mode-style'); if (!style) { style = document.createElement('style'); style.id = 'universal-dark-mode-style'; document.head.appendChild(style); } // Dark mode CSS - inverts colors but preserves images/video style.textContent = ' /* Invert everything except media */ html { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg) !important; background: #1a1a2e !important; } /* Restore images, videos, iframes, canvas */ img, video, iframe, canvas, svg, picture, [style*="background-image"] { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg) !important; } /* Preserve specific elements that should not be inverted */ .no-dark-mode, .no-dark-mode *, [data-theme="light"], [data-theme="light"], .ace_editor, .ace_editor *, .CodeMirror, .CodeMirror *, .monaco-editor, .monaco-editor *, .markdown-body pre, .markdown-body pre *, .highlight, .highlight *, pre code, pre code * { filter: none !important; } /* Fix common UI elements */ .modal, .popup, .dropdown-menu, .tooltip, .popover { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg) !important; background: #2d2d44 !important; border-color: #444 !important; } /* Scrollbars */ ::-webkit-scrollbar { background: #1a1a2e !important; } ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb { background: #444 !important; } ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover { background: #555 !important; } /* Selection */ ::selection { background: #4ecdc4 !important; color: #1a1a2e !important; } ::-moz-selection { background: #4ecdc4 !important; color: #1a1a2e !important; } '; } function removeDarkMode() { var style = document.getElementById('universal-dark-mode-style'); if (style) style.remove(); } // Toggle with Alt+Shift+D document.addEventListener('keydown', function(e) { if (e.altKey && e.shiftKey && e.key === 'D') { e.preventDefault(); enabled = !enabled; if (enabled) { applyDarkMode(); console.log('[Universal Dark Mode] Enabled'); } else { removeDarkMode(); console.log('[Universal Dark Mode] Disabled'); } } }); // Apply on load applyDarkMode(); // Re-apply on dynamic content var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) { if (enabled && !document.getElementById('universal-dark-mode-style')) { applyDarkMode(); } }); observer.observe(document.head, { childList: true }); console.log('[Universal Dark Mode] Loaded - Press Alt+Shift+D to toggle'); })(); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Universal Dark Mode]', __e); } })(); })(); fix: serialize Run across runtime and workflow VM by TooTallNate · Pull Request #1616 · vercel/workflow · GitHub
Skip to content

fix: serialize Run across runtime and workflow VM - #1616

Merged
TooTallNate merged 5 commits into
mainfrom
codex/run-class-serialization-e2e
Apr 9, 2026
Merged

fix: serialize Run across runtime and workflow VM#1616
TooTallNate merged 5 commits into
mainfrom
codex/run-class-serialization-e2e

Conversation

@TooTallNate

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Member

Summary

  • switch Run in core runtime to custom class serialization (WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE / WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE) and register it in the class registry
  • make workflow-VM Run (workflow/api) deserializable and registry-registered so Run instances can cross step/workflow boundaries without bespoke reducer paths
  • add e2e coverage for Run boundary roundtrips in workbench/example/workflows/99_e2e.ts and packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts, plus runtime unit tests for class serde behavior
  • add a changeset for @workflow/core and workflow

Testing

  • pnpm --filter @workflow/core typecheck
  • pnpm --filter workflow typecheck
  • pnpm vitest run src/runtime/runs.test.ts -t "Run custom serialization" (from packages/core)

@changeset-bot

changeset-botBot commented Apr 6, 2026

Copy link
Copy Markdown

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 407a19f

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages
NameType
@workflow/coreMinor
workflowMinor
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/vitestPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/aiMajor
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

@vercel

vercelBot commented Apr 6, 2026

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Contributor

@github-actions

github-actionsBot commented Apr 6, 2026

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Contributor

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.043s (-0.7%)1.005s (~)0.963s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro0.044s (+17.5% 🔺)1.005s (~)0.961s101.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.056s1.010s0.955s101.32x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.060s (-10.1% 🟢)1.011s (~)0.951s101.40x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.061s (-2.7%)1.009s (~)0.948s101.44x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro0.207s (-26.7% 🟢)2.309s (-7.0% 🟢)2.102s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)0.236s (-46.9% 🟢)2.099s (-5.5% 🟢)1.863s101.14x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.127s (+2.2%)2.006s (~)0.880s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.130s (~)2.005s (~)0.875s101.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.142s (~)2.011s (~)0.869s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.142s2.011s0.869s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.150s (~)2.010s (~)0.861s101.02x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.885s (-10.1% 🟢)3.489s (-9.1% 🟢)1.604s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)1.916s (-7.5% 🟢)3.517s (-4.8%)1.600s101.02x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express10.896s (~)11.022s (~)0.126s31.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.905s (~)11.018s (~)0.113s31.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.907s11.019s0.112s31.00x
💻 LocalNitro10.909s (+2.2%)11.024s (~)0.115s31.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress10.941s (+0.7%)11.024s (~)0.083s31.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro16.877s (~)18.761s (-1.2%)1.885s21.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)17.610s (-0.9%)19.170s (+1.1%)1.560s21.04x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro14.482s (~)15.024s (~)0.541s41.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)14.511s15.026s0.515s41.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress14.589s (~)15.024s (~)0.435s41.01x
💻 LocalExpress14.890s (-1.1%)15.029s (-6.2% 🟢)0.139s41.03x
💻 LocalNitro15.019s (+5.6% 🔺)15.781s (+5.0% 🔺)0.762s41.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro30.535s (-2.8%)32.926s (-2.1%)2.392s21.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)35.051s (+3.3%)37.323s (+3.8%)2.272s21.15x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)13.862s14.164s0.302s71.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro13.905s (~)14.161s (+1.0%)0.256s71.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress14.308s (+1.6%)15.021s (+1.9%)0.713s61.03x
💻 LocalExpress16.460s (-2.8%)17.030s (~)0.569s61.19x
💻 LocalNitro16.904s (+13.3% 🔺)17.031s (+13.3% 🔺)0.127s61.22x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro206.024s (+282.0% 🔺)208.069s (+272.0% 🔺)2.045s21.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)208.680s (+281.3% 🔺)210.330s (+268.7% 🔺)1.650s21.01x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.232s2.010s0.778s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.276s (+0.8%)2.011s (~)0.735s151.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.283s (+0.8%)2.010s (~)0.727s151.04x
💻 LocalExpress1.527s (~)2.006s (~)0.479s151.24x
💻 LocalNitro1.530s (+2.3%)2.006s (~)0.476s151.24x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.035s (-18.4% 🟢)3.514s (-10.8% 🟢)1.479s91.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.512s (+5.8% 🔺)3.966s (+2.5%)1.453s81.23x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro2.347s (-0.5%)3.007s (~)0.661s101.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.369s (+1.7%)3.009s (~)0.640s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.421s3.010s0.589s101.03x
💻 LocalExpress2.861s (-10.1% 🟢)3.008s (-25.0% 🟢)0.147s101.22x
💻 LocalNitro3.054s (+11.9% 🔺)3.884s (+21.1% 🔺)0.830s81.30x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.156s (+2.8%)5.019s (+11.4% 🔺)1.863s61.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)6.418s (+112.3% 🔺)8.231s (+86.8% 🔺)1.813s52.03x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express3.471s (-0.9%)4.008s (~)0.537s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro3.473s (-0.9%)4.012s (~)0.539s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.903s4.263s0.360s81.12x
💻 LocalExpress7.878s (-5.6% 🟢)8.520s (-5.6% 🟢)0.642s42.27x
💻 LocalNitro8.893s (+14.8% 🔺)9.277s (+8.9% 🔺)0.384s42.56x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)3.211s (+5.7% 🔺)4.847s (+5.2% 🔺)1.636s71.00x
▲ VercelNitro5.803s (+93.1% 🔺)7.681s (+64.5% 🔺)1.878s41.81x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.247s2.008s0.761s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.254s (-3.2%)2.009s (~)0.755s151.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.260s (~)2.008s (~)0.748s151.01x
💻 LocalExpress1.544s (-1.3%)2.005s (~)0.462s151.24x
💻 LocalNitro1.555s (+3.3%)2.006s (~)0.451s151.25x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.051s (-5.4% 🟢)3.746s (+4.6%)1.696s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.245s (+14.9% 🔺)3.869s (+1.5%)1.623s81.10x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express2.336s (-1.8%)3.010s (~)0.674s101.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.357s (+0.9%)3.009s (~)0.652s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.424s3.008s0.583s101.04x
💻 LocalNitro3.095s (-11.5% 🟢)4.010s (~)0.915s81.32x
💻 LocalExpress3.236s (+2.0%)4.009s (+3.2%)0.774s81.39x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.518s (-3.8%)4.005s (-6.1% 🟢)1.487s81.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.602s (+4.9%)3.841s (-0.7%)1.240s81.03x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express3.472s (~)4.010s (~)0.538s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro3.474s (~)4.009s (~)0.535s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.667s4.011s0.344s81.06x
💻 LocalExpress8.582s (-16.0% 🟢)9.021s (-18.2% 🟢)0.439s42.47x
💻 LocalNitro9.450s (+11.2% 🔺)10.023s (+11.1% 🔺)0.573s32.72x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.624s (+1.3%)4.211s (-1.9%)1.587s81.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.409s (-1.6%)5.089s (+5.6% 🔺)1.680s71.30x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro0.799s (-4.4%)1.006s (-1.7%)0.206s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.818s1.023s0.205s591.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.832s (-3.7%)1.006s (~)0.174s601.04x
💻 LocalNitro1.024s (+39.0% 🔺)1.654s (+64.7% 🔺)0.630s371.28x
💻 LocalExpress1.058s (+4.3%)1.142s (-32.8% 🟢)0.084s581.32x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro8.747s (+2.1%)10.776s (+5.5% 🔺)2.029s61.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)8.892s (-0.5%)10.457s (-1.9%)1.565s61.02x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.915s (-1.5%)2.101s (~)0.186s431.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.951s (-9.5% 🟢)2.101s (-29.5% 🟢)0.150s431.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.003s2.377s0.375s381.05x
💻 LocalExpress2.992s (-3.2%)3.416s (-14.8% 🟢)0.423s271.56x
💻 LocalNitro3.029s (+18.0% 🔺)3.689s (+16.0% 🔺)0.661s251.58x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro26.784s (-9.0% 🟢)28.529s (-9.5% 🟢)1.745s41.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)29.112s (+1.7%)31.094s (+2.4%)1.982s31.09x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro3.822s (-4.2%)4.009s (-6.7% 🟢)0.187s301.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.974s4.297s0.322s281.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress4.004s (-7.2% 🟢)4.567s (-8.9% 🟢)0.563s271.05x
💻 LocalExpress9.092s (-1.3%)9.556s (-4.6%)0.464s132.38x
💻 LocalNitro9.290s (+20.4% 🔺)10.019s (+21.9% 🔺)0.729s122.43x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro70.585s (-1.5%)71.947s (-3.3%)1.361s21.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)76.593s (~)78.389s (~)1.797s21.09x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.248s1.007s0.759s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.284s (+0.7%)1.006s (~)0.722s601.14x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.285s (-3.5%)1.007s (~)0.722s601.15x
💻 LocalExpress0.593s (-0.6%)1.004s (-1.7%)0.411s602.39x
💻 LocalNitro0.609s (-8.2% 🟢)1.022s (+1.7%)0.413s592.46x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.404s (-48.6% 🟢)2.702s (-39.3% 🟢)1.298s231.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)1.943s (+34.1% 🔺)3.609s (+20.0% 🔺)1.666s171.38x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.489s1.006s0.518s901.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.497s (+1.8%)1.006s (~)0.509s901.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.508s (-3.3%)1.006s (~)0.499s901.04x
💻 LocalExpress2.443s (-2.7%)3.008s (~)0.566s305.00x
💻 LocalNitro2.574s (-6.3% 🟢)3.011s (-5.4% 🟢)0.437s305.27x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.506s (+1.4%)4.098s (-1.0%)1.593s221.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.287s (-2.3%)4.863s (+0.7%)1.576s191.31x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.776s1.006s0.231s1201.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.777s (-1.2%)1.007s (~)0.230s1201.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.807s (-4.0%)1.009s (-1.0%)0.202s1191.04x
💻 LocalExpress10.917s (-0.8%)11.391s (-2.3%)0.474s1114.07x
💻 LocalNitro11.341s (+1.8%)12.029s (+1.5%)0.687s1014.62x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)6.259s (-13.5% 🟢)7.901s (-8.3% 🟢)1.642s161.00x
▲ VercelNitro7.888s (+2.7%)9.732s (+4.1%)1.843s131.26x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.198s1.000s0.001s1.010s0.812s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress0.199s (-4.7%)1.004s (~)0.011s (-6.5% 🟢)1.017s (~)0.818s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.208s (+4.4%)0.992s (-0.7%)0.001s (-18.8% 🟢)1.011s (~)0.803s101.05x
💻 LocalNitro0.208s (+41.2% 🔺)1.004s (~)0.013s (+37.4% 🔺)1.019s (~)0.810s101.05x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.215s (~)0.998s (~)0.002s (-5.9% 🟢)1.009s (~)0.794s101.09x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.469s (-10.0% 🟢)2.801s (-5.8% 🟢)0.621s (+44.3% 🔺)3.890s (+2.7%)2.421s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro1.501s (-3.4%)2.785s (-6.9% 🟢)0.465s (-20.6% 🟢)3.691s (-7.9% 🟢)2.191s101.02x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro0.606s (~)1.004s (~)0.004s (-5.1% 🟢)1.022s (~)0.417s591.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.611s1.009s0.004s1.022s0.411s591.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.657s (+1.6%)1.001s (-0.5%)0.004s (-25.6% 🟢)1.023s (~)0.366s591.08x
💻 LocalExpress0.719s (-2.3%)1.012s (~)0.009s (-1.1%)1.023s (~)0.305s591.19x
💻 LocalNitro0.833s (+26.0% 🔺)1.013s (~)0.010s (-5.9% 🟢)1.118s (+9.0% 🔺)0.284s541.38x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.984s (-9.0% 🟢)5.377s (-10.3% 🟢)0.247s (-16.2% 🟢)6.046s (-11.3% 🟢)2.061s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.436s (+7.9% 🔺)6.001s (+7.5% 🔺)0.222s (-69.4% 🟢)6.697s (~)2.261s91.11x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.932s1.091s0.000s1.099s0.167s551.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.949s (~)1.123s (-2.1%)0.000s (-67.3% 🟢)1.141s (-1.8%)0.192s531.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.986s (-0.6%)1.260s (-5.7% 🟢)0.000s (-55.1% 🟢)1.286s (-6.1% 🟢)0.300s491.06x
💻 LocalExpress1.225s (-3.8%)2.020s (~)0.000s (-45.5% 🟢)2.022s (~)0.796s301.32x
💻 LocalNitro1.258s (-5.0% 🟢)2.022s (~)0.000s (-17.6% 🟢)2.024s (~)0.765s301.35x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.656s (+4.3%)3.750s (+4.6%)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)4.203s (+2.4%)1.547s151.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.038s (-6.6% 🟢)4.232s (-3.5%)0.000s (-7.1% 🟢)4.624s (-3.0%)1.585s141.14x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.762s (-1.2%)2.174s (+3.7%)0.000s (+107.1% 🔺)2.187s (+3.6%)0.426s281.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.792s (~)2.102s (-1.9%)0.000s (NaN%)2.136s (-0.8%)0.343s291.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.833s2.146s0.000s2.153s0.320s281.04x
💻 LocalExpress3.366s (-8.1% 🟢)4.032s (-3.3%)0.001s (+45.5% 🔺)4.037s (-3.2%)0.671s151.91x
💻 LocalNitro3.505s (-11.2% 🟢)4.034s (-11.0% 🟢)0.001s (-15.2% 🟢)4.037s (-11.0% 🟢)0.532s151.99x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.455s (-2.8%)4.584s (-6.3% 🟢)0.000s (-69.2% 🟢)5.022s (-5.7% 🟢)1.568s131.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.550s (-18.4% 🟢)4.574s (-18.0% 🟢)0.000s (-69.4% 🟢)5.020s (-16.0% 🟢)1.470s121.03x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalExpress18/21
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)9/21
▲ VercelNitro17/21
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express🐘 Postgres17/21
Next.js (Turbopack)🐘 Postgres19/21
Nitro🐘 Postgres18/21
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run


Some benchmark jobs failed:

  • Local: cancelled
  • Postgres: success
  • Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

@github-actions

github-actionsBot commented Apr 6, 2026

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Contributor

🧪 E2E Test Results

Some tests failed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production923067990
✅ 💻 Local Development89801821080
✅ 📦 Local Production89801821080
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres89801821080
✅ 🪟 Windows820890
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds1337424231
✅ 📋 Other228042270
Total4060746874821

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (74 failed)

mongodb (7 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNT37ZE6WDGF4553Q141Y7NE
  • webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KNT387HNCXSKZ8CGVS8T9WKG
  • fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KNT3BN2N7E8SR774M62AT213
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNT3FDT6KJ761D25DPCAV4SM
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
  • resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KNT3NDJTMN0763SWB09J8W7Z

redis (7 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNT37ZE6WDGF4553Q141Y7NE
  • webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KNT387HNCXSKZ8CGVS8T9WKG
  • fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KNT3BN2N7E8SR774M62AT213
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNT3FDT6KJ761D25DPCAV4SM
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
  • resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KNT3NDJTMN0763SWB09J8W7Z

turso (60 failed):

  • addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNT36X7A2W7081S89BPNCM5N
  • addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNT36X7A2W7081S89BPNCM5N
  • wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KNT373ZVKNTJ4NB95G4NRN6F
  • should work with react rendering in step
  • promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KNT3732FYZ50WJ04GCY0XJF2
  • promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KNT3773GGE9TZNCME8EPSCKR
  • promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KNT3792GZRG1N36XYBJ4W872
  • importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KNT37FTQFE51WDXQ5SKED09J
  • hookWorkflow | wrun_01KNT37NQD5JJ2A0HD53B1ZCJV
  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNT37ZE6WDGF4553Q141Y7NE
  • webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KNT387HNCXSKZ8CGVS8T9WKG
  • sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KNT38D1B6EMCY4V99P5M9D66
  • parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KNT38S4N7BK32HFNESP73XDV
  • nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KNT38YGEY5M2DY2DJ7J1F8TX
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KNT390J8322X255QYGW5ZXVR
  • fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KNT3BN2N7E8SR774M62AT213
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KNT3BRMBWF2T1RTG9YP3PY9V
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
  • error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
  • error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
  • error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
  • error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
  • error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
  • error handling not registered WorkflowNotRegisteredError fails the run when workflow does not exist
  • error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the step but workflow can catch it
  • error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the run when not caught in workflow
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KNT3EVB6PCA4SYTK6MY35FDV
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNT3FDT6KJ761D25DPCAV4SM
  • hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KNT3G0N2PGGK9S92HFD510ZR
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KNT3GM2CPB5ES894X96KEEHM
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KNT3GVDD80CW9EHD8KFQS8GG
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KNT3H04EEMMV7K2822A1SB2Q
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KNT3H1ZJ0YW85ZSRH7NK9X3A
  • runClassSerializationWorkflow - Run instances serialize across workflow/step boundaries | wrun_01KNT3HB9P31NCXQ2R3KH98XKW
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
  • pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KNT3HRC47VT316SDCZE10ZNK
  • Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KNT3HX28N40FQHGA4C16PKAK
  • AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KNT3J2ZEWCNHJR3CZ8K12BMD
  • ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KNT3J8PP8RYWXFE4GGF9TQ32
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KNT3JEB237KA64K5BAA7A2VP
  • customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KNT3JKZ1W22W53JP2VZVG8JS
  • instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KNT3JTR7PT2TVFPBQSJNMFM1
  • crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KNT3K47NBMH23R8HD6D6WCPR
  • stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KNT3KB6YHKE0Z7MKFZFGYFWN
  • cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KNT3KJ7SP6EW64B581QQBCD1
  • cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KNT3KTTH3Z2ABEBYST6SHJYZ
  • pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
  • hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KNT3M5GZC1GXJKD2R6C6QVV4
  • sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KNT3MS1Y1XQ0EP8G2NZKK5FK
  • sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KNT3N3QCQTM3WZR4QHW7CQKY
  • importMetaUrlWorkflow - import.meta.url is available in step bundles | wrun_01KNT3N9VPCHPWWGZGV9WTV97F
  • metadataFromHelperWorkflow - getWorkflowMetadata/getStepMetadata work from module-level helper (#1577) | wrun_01KNT3NBTAZ36Q2YMYVHMJQS14
  • resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KNT3NDJTMN0763SWB09J8W7Z
  • getterStepWorkflow - getter functions with "use step" directive | wrun_01KNT3NGHNP4JFF65AZ5KTV95W

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro8307
✅ example8307
✅ express8307
✅ fastify8307
✅ hono8307
✅ nextjs-turbopack8802
✅ nextjs-webpack8802
✅ nitro8307
✅ nuxt8307
✅ sveltekit8307
✅ vite8307
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable76014
✅ express-stable76014
✅ fastify-stable76014
✅ hono-stable76014
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary63027
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable8208
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary63027
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable8208
✅ nitro-stable76014
✅ nuxt-stable76014
✅ sveltekit-stable76014
✅ vite-stable76014
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable76014
✅ express-stable76014
✅ fastify-stable76014
✅ hono-stable76014
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary63027
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable8208
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary63027
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable8208
✅ nitro-stable76014
✅ nuxt-stable76014
✅ sveltekit-stable76014
✅ vite-stable76014
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable76014
✅ express-stable76014
✅ fastify-stable76014
✅ hono-stable76014
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary63027
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable8208
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary63027
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable8208
✅ nitro-stable76014
✅ nuxt-stable76014
✅ sveltekit-stable76014
✅ vite-stable76014
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack8208
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ mongodb-dev600
❌ mongodb5678
✅ redis-dev600
❌ redis5678
✅ turso-dev600
❌ turso3608
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable76014
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable76014
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable76014

📋 View full workflow run

@vercelvercelBot left a comment

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Contributor

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

Additional Suggestion:

Getter step registrations (instance and static) generate bare registerStepFunction(...) calls referencing an undefined function, causing runtime failures since workflow/internal/private was removed.

Fix on Vercel

CopilotAI left a comment

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Contributor

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

Pull request overview

This PR aims to make Run instances serializable/deserializable across step/runtime and workflow-VM boundaries via the class registry + WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE, and adds tests to validate roundtrips.

Changes:

  • Add custom class serialization hooks to @workflow/core’s Run and update runtime behavior to be workflow/step boundary friendly.
  • Expose Run from workflow/api and add runtime + e2e tests covering boundary roundtrips.
  • Add a changeset bumping @workflow/core and workflow for the new behavior.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 7 out of 7 changed files in this pull request and generated 3 comments.

Show a summary per file
FileDescription
workbench/example/workflows/99_e2e.tsAdds an example workflow that passes Run across workflow/step boundaries and asserts instanceof/behavior.
packages/workflow/src/api-workflow.tsChanges workflow-conditional workflow/api surface to export Run (previously a throwing stub).
packages/core/src/runtime/runs.test.tsAdds unit tests for Run custom serialization and step boundary roundtrip.
packages/core/src/runtime/run.tsImplements Run class serialization hooks and makes world access lazy; annotates methods/getters with 'use step'.
packages/core/package.jsonAdds a new ./runtime/run export.
packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.tsAdds an e2e test ensuring Run roundtrips across workflow/step boundaries in real execution.
.changeset/neat-runs-serialize.mdDeclares minor version bumps for the new Run serialization behavior.

💡 Add Copilot custom instructions for smarter, more guided reviews. Learn how to get started.

Comment threadpackages/workflow/src/api-workflow.ts
Comment threadpackages/core/package.json
Comment threadpackages/core/src/runtime/run.ts Outdated
Comment on lines +74 to +78
return { runId: instance.runId };
}

static [WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE](data: { runId: string }) {
return new Run(data.runId);

CopilotAIApr 9, 2026

Copy link

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

Run instances created by start() can carry resilientStart state that changes pollReturnValue() behavior (retries on WorkflowRunNotFoundError). The custom class serialization currently only persists { runId }, so after crossing a step/workflow boundary the deserialized Run will lose resilientStart and may fail fast on transient 404s. Include resilientStart (and set it in deserialization) so behavior is preserved across serialization boundaries.

Suggested change
return{runId: instance.runId};
}
static[WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE](data: {runId: string}){
returnnewRun(data.runId);
const{ runId, resilientStart }=instanceasRun<unknown>&{
resilientStart?: boolean;
};
return{ runId, resilientStart };
}
static[WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE](data: {
runId: string;
resilientStart?: boolean;
}){
construn=newRun(data.runId);
(runasRun<unknown>&{resilientStart?: boolean}).resilientStart=
data.resilientStart;
returnrun;

Copilot uses AI. Check for mistakes.

Copy link
Copy Markdown
MemberAuthor

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

Good catch. Fixed — WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE now includes resilientStart in the payload and WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE passes it to the constructor. Unit test updated.

@VaguelySeriousVaguelySerious left a comment

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Member

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

AI review: no blocking issues

Comment threadpackages/core/src/runtime/run.ts Outdated
}

static [WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE](data: { runId: string }) {
return new Run(data.runId);

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Member

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

AI Review: Note

WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE always constructs new Run(data.runId) and drops constructor options. start() can return new Run(runId, { resilientStart: true }) (see start.ts). If a Run with resilientStart: true is ever passed across a serde boundary, returnValue polling would lose the extra 404 retry behavior. If that combination is not supported, consider documenting it; if it might happen, consider including resilientStart in the serialized payload.

Copy link
Copy Markdown
MemberAuthor

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

Fixed in the same commit — resilientStart is now included in the serialized payload.

@VaguelySeriousVaguelySerious left a comment

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Member

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

AI review: no blocking issues

Comment threadpackages/core/package.json

@VaguelySeriousVaguelySerious left a comment

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Member

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

AI review: no blocking issues

Comment threadpackages/core/src/runtime/run.ts
Single Run class implementation:
- Add WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE to core Run class
- Mark all runtime-dependent methods/getters with "use step" so SWC
strips their bodies from the workflow bundle
- Remove duplicate Run stub from api-workflow.ts; re-export core Run
- SWC auto-registers the class (no manual registerSerializationClass)
- Add e2e test for Run serialization across workflow/step boundaries
- Add unit tests for serde roundtrip

CopilotAI left a comment

Copy link
Copy Markdown
Contributor

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

Pull request overview

Copilot reviewed 7 out of 7 changed files in this pull request and generated 1 comment.


💡 Add Copilot custom instructions for smarter, more guided reviews. Learn how to get started.

Comment on lines +246 to +256
const serialized = Run[WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE](run);
const deserialized = Run[WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE]({
runId: 'wrun_deserialize',
});

expect(serialized).toEqual({
runId: 'wrun_serialize',
resilientStart: false,
});
expect(deserialized).toBeInstanceOf(Run);
expect(deserialized.runId).toBe('wrun_deserialize');

CopilotAIApr 9, 2026

Copy link

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

The new serialization unit test only asserts resilientStart: false. Since resilientStart is now part of the serialized payload (and affects returnValue retry behavior), add a case that serializes/deserializes a Run created with resilientStart: true and asserts it roundtrips as true to prevent regressions.

Suggested change
constserialized=Run[WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE](run);
constdeserialized=Run[WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE]({
runId: 'wrun_deserialize',
});
expect(serialized).toEqual({
runId: 'wrun_serialize',
resilientStart: false,
});
expect(deserialized).toBeInstanceOf(Run);
expect(deserialized.runId).toBe('wrun_deserialize');
constserialized=Run[WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE](run);
constresilientRun=newRun('wrun_serialize_resilient',{
resilientStart: true,
});
constresilientSerialized=Run[WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE](resilientRun);
constdeserialized=Run[WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE]({
runId: 'wrun_deserialize',
});
constresilientDeserialized=Run[WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE]({
runId: 'wrun_deserialize_resilient',
resilientStart: true,
});
expect(serialized).toEqual({
runId: 'wrun_serialize',
resilientStart: false,
});
expect(resilientSerialized).toEqual({
runId: 'wrun_serialize_resilient',
resilientStart: true,
});
expect(deserialized).toBeInstanceOf(Run);
expect(deserialized.runId).toBe('wrun_deserialize');
expect(deserialized.resilientStart).toBe(false);
expect(resilientDeserialized).toBeInstanceOf(Run);
expect(resilientDeserialized.runId).toBe('wrun_deserialize_resilient');
expect(resilientDeserialized.resilientStart).toBe(true);

Copilot uses AI. Check for mistakes.
ijjk
ijjk approved these changes Apr 9, 2026
Sign up for freeto join this conversation on GitHub. Already have an account? Sign in to comment

Labels

None yet

Projects

None yet

Development

Successfully merging this pull request may close these issues.

4 participants

@TooTallNate@ijjk@VaguelySerious