[web-shared] Fix "Queued for" duration for retried steps

[VaguelySerious]

• The "Queued for" time in the Events tab was wrong for any step that retried: it showed the time from step_created to the laststep_started instead of the first.
• A retried step emits multiple step_started events with the same correlationId; buildDurationMap in event-list-view.tsx overwrote info.queued on every one of them.
• Anchor the queued duration on the first step_started for each correlation, and sort events chronologically inside the helper so its output no longer depends on the caller's sort direction (the events tab supports asc/desc and the descending path produced negative-ish garbage in some cases).

Trace viewer

Investigated both components/trace-viewer/ and components/new-trace-viewer/. Both compute the queued segment from the first chronologically-sorted mark (marks[0]) — they are not affected by this bug.

[vercel]

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Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: b085023

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

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[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.031s (-27.6% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.975s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.032s (-28.9% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.975s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.049s	1.005s	0.956s	10	1.58x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.051s (-11.7% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.961s	10	1.64x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.052s	1.011s	0.959s	10	1.66x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.053s (-44.1% 🟢)	1.012s (-3.0%)	0.959s	10	1.71x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.266s (+13.0% 🔺)	2.434s (+14.0% 🔺)	2.168s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.285s (+13.2% 🔺)	2.690s (+15.3% 🔺)	2.406s	10	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.316s (-22.9% 🟢)	2.433s (-3.1%)	2.117s	10	1.19x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.074s (-5.1% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.932s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.080s (-4.0%)	2.007s (~)	0.926s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.088s (-4.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.923s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.089s (-5.1% 🟢)	2.009s (~)	0.921s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.104s	2.010s	0.906s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.108s	2.007s	0.898s	10	1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.631s (-13.0% 🟢)	3.686s (-3.2%)	2.055s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.636s (-19.6% 🟢)	3.792s (-1.0%)	2.155s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.665s (-57.2% 🟢)	3.915s (-33.7% 🟢)	2.250s	10	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	10.415s (-4.2%)	11.014s (~)	0.599s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.424s (-4.9%)	11.017s (~)	0.593s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.440s (-4.6%)	11.022s (~)	0.582s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.461s (-4.2%)	11.023s (~)	0.562s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.542s	11.018s	0.476s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.658s	11.023s	0.365s	3	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.194s (-22.3% 🟢)	14.995s (-25.1% 🟢)	1.801s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.268s (-23.4% 🟢)	15.057s (-22.4% 🟢)	1.788s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	13.313s (-43.9% 🟢)	15.580s (-38.0% 🟢)	2.268s	2	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.492s (-7.5% 🟢)	14.018s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.526s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.492s (-10.4% 🟢)	14.027s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.535s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.495s (-7.5% 🟢)	14.017s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.522s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	13.554s (-9.5% 🟢)	14.028s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.474s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.865s	14.216s	0.352s	5	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.062s	15.030s	0.969s	4	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	20.881s (-60.3% 🟢)	23.195s (-57.5% 🟢)	2.314s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	21.461s (-57.3% 🟢)	23.623s (-55.1% 🟢)	2.162s	3	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	21.977s (-65.9% 🟢)	23.875s (-64.2% 🟢)	1.898s	3	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	11.977s (-28.6% 🟢)	12.272s (-27.9% 🟢)	0.295s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	11.977s (-14.2% 🟢)	12.393s (-13.4% 🟢)	0.416s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.014s (-14.2% 🟢)	12.519s (-14.2% 🟢)	0.505s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	12.217s (-26.4% 🟢)	12.884s (-24.3% 🟢)	0.667s	7	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.585s	13.019s	0.433s	7	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.017s	13.453s	0.436s	7	1.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	30.938s (-92.1% 🟢)	32.869s (-91.7% 🟢)	1.931s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	31.835s (-73.7% 🟢)	33.923s (-72.6% 🟢)	2.088s	3	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	32.394s (-92.3% 🟢)	34.666s (-91.8% 🟢)	2.272s	3	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.143s (-10.3% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.864s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.149s (-8.8% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.858s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.174s (-28.1% 🟢)	2.007s (-3.3%)	0.833s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.182s	2.007s	0.825s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.197s (-19.6% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.810s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.271s	2.006s	0.735s	15	1.11x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.489s (-11.7% 🟢)	3.924s (-9.2% 🟢)	1.435s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.563s (-24.6% 🟢)	4.212s (-14.6% 🟢)	1.649s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.658s (-7.1% 🟢)	4.193s (-9.3% 🟢)	1.536s	8	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.197s (-49.1% 🟢)	2.006s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.809s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.214s (-48.6% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.794s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.290s	2.007s	0.717s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.742s	2.073s	0.331s	15	1.46x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.890s (-39.9% 🟢)	2.150s (-44.7% 🟢)	0.260s	14	1.58x
💻 Local	Express	2.115s (-28.4% 🟢)	2.470s (-28.5% 🟢)	0.355s	13	1.77x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.456s (-14.7% 🟢)	5.111s (-13.7% 🟢)	1.655s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.659s (-48.5% 🟢)	5.400s (-39.4% 🟢)	1.741s	6	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.692s (+2.0%)	5.470s (+7.0% 🔺)	1.777s	6	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.308s (-62.4% 🟢)	2.007s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.699s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.331s (-61.8% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.676s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.497s	2.007s	0.510s	15	1.14x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.893s	5.513s	0.620s	6	3.74x
💻 Local	Express	5.699s (-31.7% 🟢)	6.213s (-31.2% 🟢)	0.515s	5	4.36x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.763s (-31.0% 🟢)	6.215s (-31.1% 🟢)	0.452s	5	4.41x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.182s (+22.2% 🔺)	7.074s (+15.5% 🔺)	1.893s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.300s (+78.7% 🔺)	7.681s (+38.8% 🔺)	1.381s	4	1.22x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.500s (-27.1% 🟢)	8.384s (-23.5% 🟢)	1.884s	4	1.25x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.143s (-9.0% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.865s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.155s (-8.1% 🟢)	2.009s (~)	0.853s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.172s	2.008s	0.836s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.377s	2.006s	0.629s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.451s (-22.2% 🟢)	2.006s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.555s	15	1.27x
💻 Local	Express	1.464s (-22.7% 🟢)	2.007s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.543s	15	1.28x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.641s (+2.3%)	4.268s (-1.9%)	1.627s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.679s (-8.6% 🟢)	4.496s (-3.1%)	1.818s	7	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.720s (+10.6% 🔺)	4.079s (-2.2%)	1.359s	8	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.212s (-48.2% 🟢)	2.009s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.797s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.217s (-48.0% 🟢)	2.010s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.793s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.284s	2.007s	0.723s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.031s (-33.7% 🟢)	2.508s (-35.5% 🟢)	0.477s	12	1.68x
💻 Local	Express	2.099s (-33.0% 🟢)	2.592s (-31.1% 🟢)	0.493s	12	1.73x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.129s	3.008s	0.878s	10	1.76x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.588s (+14.2% 🔺)	5.282s (+16.8% 🔺)	1.694s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.995s (+23.6% 🔺)	5.785s (+14.0% 🔺)	1.790s	6	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.051s (+26.9% 🔺)	5.468s (+14.1% 🔺)	1.417s	6	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.332s (-61.9% 🟢)	2.009s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.676s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.338s (-61.6% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.670s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.500s	2.009s	0.509s	15	1.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.749s (-37.1% 🟢)	6.346s (-36.7% 🟢)	0.597s	6	4.31x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.897s	6.419s	0.522s	5	4.43x
💻 Local	Express	7.002s (-20.4% 🟢)	7.418s (-20.0% 🟢)	0.416s	5	5.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.032s (-21.6% 🟢)	7.251s (-11.3% 🟢)	2.219s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.409s (+25.8% 🔺)	8.314s (+22.0% 🔺)	1.905s	4	1.27x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.625s (-2.0%)	9.182s (+7.5% 🔺)	2.557s	4	1.32x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.463s (-43.6% 🟢)	1.023s (+1.7%)	0.561s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.467s (-44.3% 🟢)	1.007s (-1.6%)	0.540s	60	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.498s (-49.2% 🟢)	1.021s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.523s	59	1.08x
💻 Local	Express	0.514s (-47.7% 🟢)	1.005s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.491s	60	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.527s	1.006s	0.479s	60	1.14x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.789s	1.021s	0.232s	59	1.71x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.140s (-76.7% 🟢)	6.945s (-71.1% 🟢)	1.805s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.267s (-72.3% 🟢)	7.191s (-66.3% 🟢)	1.924s	9	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.325s (-63.3% 🟢)	7.449s (-53.7% 🟢)	2.124s	9	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.051s (-46.8% 🟢)	1.724s (-23.7% 🟢)	0.672s	53	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.108s (-42.5% 🟢)	1.944s (-7.5% 🟢)	0.836s	47	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.220s (-59.8% 🟢)	2.006s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.786s	45	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.236s	2.008s	0.772s	45	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	1.274s (-57.7% 🟢)	2.006s (-44.0% 🟢)	0.732s	45	1.21x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.905s	2.099s	0.194s	43	1.81x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	12.607s (-68.1% 🟢)	14.909s (-63.9% 🟢)	2.302s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	13.185s (-61.8% 🟢)	15.376s (-58.2% 🟢)	2.191s	6	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.294s (-73.3% 🟢)	15.467s (-70.1% 🟢)	2.173s	6	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.099s (-48.8% 🟢)	2.616s (-43.2% 🟢)	0.517s	46	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.127s (-46.7% 🟢)	2.735s (-37.4% 🟢)	0.608s	44	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.417s	3.008s	0.591s	40	1.15x
💻 Local	Express	2.725s (-70.4% 🟢)	3.008s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.283s	40	1.30x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.725s (-70.7% 🟢)	3.008s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.283s	40	1.30x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.028s	4.602s	0.574s	27	1.92x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	28.084s (-71.0% 🟢)	30.227s (-69.3% 🟢)	2.144s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	28.321s (-73.6% 🟢)	30.393s (-72.1% 🟢)	2.072s	4	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	28.462s (-78.1% 🟢)	30.840s (-76.7% 🟢)	2.378s	4	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.171s (-39.7% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.835s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.179s (-36.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.826s	60	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.207s	1.006s	0.799s	60	1.21x
💻 Local	Express	0.416s (-25.8% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.589s	60	2.43x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.418s (-30.9% 🟢)	1.004s (-1.7%)	0.587s	60	2.45x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.542s	1.005s	0.462s	60	3.18x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.451s (+47.6% 🔺)	4.333s (+29.3% 🔺)	1.882s	15	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.550s (+26.1% 🔺)	4.428s (+16.7% 🔺)	1.878s	14	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.780s (+42.3% 🔺)	4.642s (+27.6% 🔺)	1.861s	13	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.293s (-41.0% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.713s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.311s (-38.9% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.695s	90	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.397s	1.006s	0.609s	90	1.36x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.116s (-16.6% 🟢)	2.796s (-7.1% 🟢)	0.680s	33	7.23x
💻 Local	Express	2.136s (-15.0% 🟢)	2.736s (-9.1% 🟢)	0.600s	33	7.30x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.239s	2.947s	0.708s	31	7.65x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.665s (+85.9% 🔺)	7.279s (+51.4% 🔺)	1.614s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.891s (+94.9% 🔺)	8.835s (+70.1% 🔺)	1.944s	11	1.22x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	39.955s (+1138.6% 🔺)	41.777s (+766.4% 🔺)	1.822s	9	7.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.630s (-20.3% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.376s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.649s (-20.8% 🟢)	1.007s (-1.0%)	0.358s	120	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.757s	1.005s	0.249s	120	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	10.325s (-7.7% 🟢)	10.865s (-9.0% 🟢)	0.540s	12	16.39x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.418s (-6.9% 🟢)	10.936s (-6.2% 🟢)	0.518s	11	16.53x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.889s	11.756s	0.866s	11	17.28x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	14.258s (+38.1% 🔺)	16.604s (+35.1% 🔺)	2.346s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	15.411s (+99.6% 🔺)	17.215s (+83.1% 🔺)	1.804s	8	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Express	15.981s (+115.4% 🔺)	18.140s (+96.2% 🔺)	2.159s	7	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.133s (+452.6% 🔺)	1.997s (+99.8% 🔺)	0.001s (-6.7% 🟢)	2.009s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.876s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.136s (+431.6% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.013s (+8.0% 🔺)	2.021s (+98.4% 🔺)	0.885s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.145s (+458.4% 🔺)	1.999s (+100.2% 🔺)	0.001s (-18.8% 🟢)	2.012s (+98.9% 🔺)	0.866s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.162s	2.001s	0.001s	2.010s	0.848s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.166s (+485.7% 🔺)	2.006s (+99.7% 🔺)	0.013s (+7.4% 🔺)	2.021s (+98.5% 🔺)	0.855s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.173s	2.004s	0.011s	2.018s	0.844s	10	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.191s (-12.6% 🟢)	3.391s (-17.1% 🟢)	1.722s (+79.2% 🔺)	5.637s (+0.8%)	3.447s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.211s (-42.3% 🟢)	3.379s (-36.0% 🟢)	1.786s (+140.6% 🔺)	5.690s (-12.2% 🟢)	3.479s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.310s (-66.3% 🟢)	3.317s (-61.7% 🟢)	2.218s (+251.0% 🔺)	6.101s (-37.7% 🟢)	3.791s	10	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.510s (+141.9% 🔺)	2.004s (+99.0% 🔺)	0.004s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.027s (+98.2% 🔺)	0.517s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.535s (+143.7% 🔺)	2.003s (+99.0% 🔺)	0.004s (+1.8%)	2.026s (+98.1% 🔺)	0.491s	30	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.539s (+103.2% 🔺)	2.012s (+95.5% 🔺)	0.011s (+13.7% 🔺)	2.025s (+94.7% 🔺)	0.486s	30	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.556s (+85.6% 🔺)	2.012s (+98.8% 🔺)	0.011s (+17.4% 🔺)	2.025s (+81.4% 🔺)	0.468s	30	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.590s	2.008s	0.003s	2.023s	0.433s	30	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.724s	2.011s	0.011s	2.026s	0.302s	30	1.14x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.802s (-10.8% 🟢)	7.158s (-10.6% 🟢)	0.277s (-32.2% 🟢)	7.932s (-10.2% 🟢)	2.130s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.093s (-64.0% 🟢)	7.492s (-58.9% 🟢)	0.246s (+16.4% 🔺)	8.250s (-56.4% 🟢)	2.157s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.194s (-79.0% 🟢)	7.563s (-75.5% 🟢)	0.282s (+151.5% 🔺)	8.361s (-73.7% 🟢)	2.167s	8	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.647s (-33.2% 🟢)	1.015s (-18.7% 🟢)	0.000s (-18.6% 🟢)	1.031s (-18.0% 🟢)	0.384s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.683s (-28.9% 🟢)	1.014s (-20.7% 🟢)	0.000s (-60.3% 🟢)	1.049s (-19.7% 🟢)	0.366s	58	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.722s	1.053s	0.000s	1.060s	0.338s	57	1.12x
💻 Local	Express	1.353s (+10.5% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.001s (+90.0% 🔺)	2.018s (~)	0.665s	30	2.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.411s (+15.4% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.000s (+200.0% 🔺)	2.018s (~)	0.607s	30	2.18x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.512s	2.016s	0.001s	2.020s	0.508s	30	2.34x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.866s (+3.4%)	5.163s (+1.2%)	0.001s (+200.0% 🔺)	5.680s (+2.7%)	1.814s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.896s (-61.7% 🟢)	5.280s (-54.2% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.771s (-52.1% 🟢)	1.874s	11	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.235s (+38.8% 🔺)	5.740s (+30.7% 🔺)	0.000s (+290.0% 🔺)	6.253s (+30.0% 🔺)	2.018s	10	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.366s (-22.9% 🟢)	2.101s (-3.5%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.114s (-3.8%)	0.749s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.375s (-23.3% 🟢)	2.030s (-5.2% 🟢)	0.000s (+93.1% 🔺)	2.072s (-4.7%)	0.698s	29	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.450s	2.069s	0.000s	2.087s	0.637s	30	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	3.091s (-10.8% 🟢)	3.843s (-4.7%)	0.000s (-45.3% 🟢)	3.845s (-4.7%)	0.754s	16	2.26x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.192s	3.675s	0.001s	3.683s	0.491s	17	2.34x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.229s (-4.7%)	3.968s (-1.6%)	0.001s (+17.2% 🔺)	3.971s (-1.6%)	0.742s	16	2.36x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.474s (+33.7% 🔺)	6.902s (+28.4% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	7.394s (+27.6% 🔺)	1.920s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.842s (+4.0%)	7.272s (+4.2%)	0.000s (~)	7.808s (+3.6%)	1.966s	8	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	12/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	16/21
▲ Vercel	Express	10/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	19/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	20/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	17/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1222	0	219	1441
✅ 💻 Local Development	1615	0	219	1834
✅ 📦 Local Production	1615	0	219	1834
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1615	0	219	1834
✅ 🪟 Windows	131	0	0	131
✅ 📋 Other	741	0	176	917
Total	6939	0	1052	7991

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	105	0	26
✅ example	105	0	26
✅ express	105	0	26
✅ fastify	105	0	26
✅ hono	105	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	129	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	129	0	2
✅ nitro	105	0	26
✅ nuxt	105	0	26
✅ sveltekit	124	0	7
✅ vite	105	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	106	0	25
✅ express-stable	106	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	106	0	25
✅ hono-stable	106	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	106	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	106	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	125	0	6
✅ vite-stable	106	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	106	0	25
✅ express-stable	106	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	106	0	25
✅ hono-stable	106	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	106	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	106	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	125	0	6
✅ vite-stable	106	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	106	0	25
✅ express-stable	106	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	106	0	25
✅ hono-stable	106	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	106	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	106	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	125	0	6
✅ vite-stable	106	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	131	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	106	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	105	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

[karthikscale3]

LGMT

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2089. (backport job run)

[VaguelySerious]

• The "Queued for" time in the Events tab was wrong for any step that retried: it showed the time from step_created to the laststep_started instead of the first.
• A retried step emits multiple step_started events with the same correlationId; buildDurationMap in event-list-view.tsx overwrote info.queued on every one of them.
• Anchor the queued duration on the first step_started for each correlation, and sort events chronologically inside the helper so its output no longer depends on the caller's sort direction (the events tab supports asc/desc and the descending path produced negative-ish garbage in some cases).

Trace viewer

Investigated both components/trace-viewer/ and components/new-trace-viewer/. Both compute the queued segment from the first chronologically-sorted mark (marks[0]) — they are not affected by this bug.

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: b085023

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.031s (-27.6% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.975s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.032s (-28.9% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.975s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.049s	1.005s	0.956s	10	1.58x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.051s (-11.7% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.961s	10	1.64x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.052s	1.011s	0.959s	10	1.66x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.053s (-44.1% 🟢)	1.012s (-3.0%)	0.959s	10	1.71x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.266s (+13.0% 🔺)	2.434s (+14.0% 🔺)	2.168s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.285s (+13.2% 🔺)	2.690s (+15.3% 🔺)	2.406s	10	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.316s (-22.9% 🟢)	2.433s (-3.1%)	2.117s	10	1.19x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.074s (-5.1% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.932s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.080s (-4.0%)	2.007s (~)	0.926s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.088s (-4.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.923s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.089s (-5.1% 🟢)	2.009s (~)	0.921s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.104s	2.010s	0.906s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.108s	2.007s	0.898s	10	1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.631s (-13.0% 🟢)	3.686s (-3.2%)	2.055s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.636s (-19.6% 🟢)	3.792s (-1.0%)	2.155s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.665s (-57.2% 🟢)	3.915s (-33.7% 🟢)	2.250s	10	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	10.415s (-4.2%)	11.014s (~)	0.599s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.424s (-4.9%)	11.017s (~)	0.593s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.440s (-4.6%)	11.022s (~)	0.582s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.461s (-4.2%)	11.023s (~)	0.562s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.542s	11.018s	0.476s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.658s	11.023s	0.365s	3	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.194s (-22.3% 🟢)	14.995s (-25.1% 🟢)	1.801s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.268s (-23.4% 🟢)	15.057s (-22.4% 🟢)	1.788s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	13.313s (-43.9% 🟢)	15.580s (-38.0% 🟢)	2.268s	2	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.492s (-7.5% 🟢)	14.018s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.526s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.492s (-10.4% 🟢)	14.027s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.535s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.495s (-7.5% 🟢)	14.017s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.522s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	13.554s (-9.5% 🟢)	14.028s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.474s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.865s	14.216s	0.352s	5	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.062s	15.030s	0.969s	4	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	20.881s (-60.3% 🟢)	23.195s (-57.5% 🟢)	2.314s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	21.461s (-57.3% 🟢)	23.623s (-55.1% 🟢)	2.162s	3	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	21.977s (-65.9% 🟢)	23.875s (-64.2% 🟢)	1.898s	3	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	11.977s (-28.6% 🟢)	12.272s (-27.9% 🟢)	0.295s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	11.977s (-14.2% 🟢)	12.393s (-13.4% 🟢)	0.416s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.014s (-14.2% 🟢)	12.519s (-14.2% 🟢)	0.505s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	12.217s (-26.4% 🟢)	12.884s (-24.3% 🟢)	0.667s	7	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.585s	13.019s	0.433s	7	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.017s	13.453s	0.436s	7	1.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	30.938s (-92.1% 🟢)	32.869s (-91.7% 🟢)	1.931s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	31.835s (-73.7% 🟢)	33.923s (-72.6% 🟢)	2.088s	3	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	32.394s (-92.3% 🟢)	34.666s (-91.8% 🟢)	2.272s	3	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.143s (-10.3% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.864s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.149s (-8.8% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.858s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.174s (-28.1% 🟢)	2.007s (-3.3%)	0.833s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.182s	2.007s	0.825s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.197s (-19.6% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.810s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.271s	2.006s	0.735s	15	1.11x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.489s (-11.7% 🟢)	3.924s (-9.2% 🟢)	1.435s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.563s (-24.6% 🟢)	4.212s (-14.6% 🟢)	1.649s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.658s (-7.1% 🟢)	4.193s (-9.3% 🟢)	1.536s	8	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.197s (-49.1% 🟢)	2.006s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.809s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.214s (-48.6% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.794s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.290s	2.007s	0.717s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.742s	2.073s	0.331s	15	1.46x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.890s (-39.9% 🟢)	2.150s (-44.7% 🟢)	0.260s	14	1.58x
💻 Local	Express	2.115s (-28.4% 🟢)	2.470s (-28.5% 🟢)	0.355s	13	1.77x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.456s (-14.7% 🟢)	5.111s (-13.7% 🟢)	1.655s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.659s (-48.5% 🟢)	5.400s (-39.4% 🟢)	1.741s	6	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.692s (+2.0%)	5.470s (+7.0% 🔺)	1.777s	6	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.308s (-62.4% 🟢)	2.007s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.699s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.331s (-61.8% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.676s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.497s	2.007s	0.510s	15	1.14x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.893s	5.513s	0.620s	6	3.74x
💻 Local	Express	5.699s (-31.7% 🟢)	6.213s (-31.2% 🟢)	0.515s	5	4.36x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.763s (-31.0% 🟢)	6.215s (-31.1% 🟢)	0.452s	5	4.41x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.182s (+22.2% 🔺)	7.074s (+15.5% 🔺)	1.893s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.300s (+78.7% 🔺)	7.681s (+38.8% 🔺)	1.381s	4	1.22x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.500s (-27.1% 🟢)	8.384s (-23.5% 🟢)	1.884s	4	1.25x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.143s (-9.0% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.865s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.155s (-8.1% 🟢)	2.009s (~)	0.853s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.172s	2.008s	0.836s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.377s	2.006s	0.629s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.451s (-22.2% 🟢)	2.006s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.555s	15	1.27x
💻 Local	Express	1.464s (-22.7% 🟢)	2.007s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.543s	15	1.28x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.641s (+2.3%)	4.268s (-1.9%)	1.627s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.679s (-8.6% 🟢)	4.496s (-3.1%)	1.818s	7	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.720s (+10.6% 🔺)	4.079s (-2.2%)	1.359s	8	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.212s (-48.2% 🟢)	2.009s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.797s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.217s (-48.0% 🟢)	2.010s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.793s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.284s	2.007s	0.723s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.031s (-33.7% 🟢)	2.508s (-35.5% 🟢)	0.477s	12	1.68x
💻 Local	Express	2.099s (-33.0% 🟢)	2.592s (-31.1% 🟢)	0.493s	12	1.73x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.129s	3.008s	0.878s	10	1.76x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.588s (+14.2% 🔺)	5.282s (+16.8% 🔺)	1.694s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.995s (+23.6% 🔺)	5.785s (+14.0% 🔺)	1.790s	6	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.051s (+26.9% 🔺)	5.468s (+14.1% 🔺)	1.417s	6	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.332s (-61.9% 🟢)	2.009s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.676s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.338s (-61.6% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.670s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.500s	2.009s	0.509s	15	1.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.749s (-37.1% 🟢)	6.346s (-36.7% 🟢)	0.597s	6	4.31x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.897s	6.419s	0.522s	5	4.43x
💻 Local	Express	7.002s (-20.4% 🟢)	7.418s (-20.0% 🟢)	0.416s	5	5.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.032s (-21.6% 🟢)	7.251s (-11.3% 🟢)	2.219s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.409s (+25.8% 🔺)	8.314s (+22.0% 🔺)	1.905s	4	1.27x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.625s (-2.0%)	9.182s (+7.5% 🔺)	2.557s	4	1.32x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.463s (-43.6% 🟢)	1.023s (+1.7%)	0.561s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.467s (-44.3% 🟢)	1.007s (-1.6%)	0.540s	60	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.498s (-49.2% 🟢)	1.021s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.523s	59	1.08x
💻 Local	Express	0.514s (-47.7% 🟢)	1.005s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.491s	60	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.527s	1.006s	0.479s	60	1.14x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.789s	1.021s	0.232s	59	1.71x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.140s (-76.7% 🟢)	6.945s (-71.1% 🟢)	1.805s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.267s (-72.3% 🟢)	7.191s (-66.3% 🟢)	1.924s	9	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.325s (-63.3% 🟢)	7.449s (-53.7% 🟢)	2.124s	9	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.051s (-46.8% 🟢)	1.724s (-23.7% 🟢)	0.672s	53	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.108s (-42.5% 🟢)	1.944s (-7.5% 🟢)	0.836s	47	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.220s (-59.8% 🟢)	2.006s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.786s	45	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.236s	2.008s	0.772s	45	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	1.274s (-57.7% 🟢)	2.006s (-44.0% 🟢)	0.732s	45	1.21x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.905s	2.099s	0.194s	43	1.81x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	12.607s (-68.1% 🟢)	14.909s (-63.9% 🟢)	2.302s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	13.185s (-61.8% 🟢)	15.376s (-58.2% 🟢)	2.191s	6	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.294s (-73.3% 🟢)	15.467s (-70.1% 🟢)	2.173s	6	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.099s (-48.8% 🟢)	2.616s (-43.2% 🟢)	0.517s	46	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.127s (-46.7% 🟢)	2.735s (-37.4% 🟢)	0.608s	44	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.417s	3.008s	0.591s	40	1.15x
💻 Local	Express	2.725s (-70.4% 🟢)	3.008s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.283s	40	1.30x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.725s (-70.7% 🟢)	3.008s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.283s	40	1.30x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.028s	4.602s	0.574s	27	1.92x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	28.084s (-71.0% 🟢)	30.227s (-69.3% 🟢)	2.144s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	28.321s (-73.6% 🟢)	30.393s (-72.1% 🟢)	2.072s	4	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	28.462s (-78.1% 🟢)	30.840s (-76.7% 🟢)	2.378s	4	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.171s (-39.7% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.835s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.179s (-36.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.826s	60	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.207s	1.006s	0.799s	60	1.21x
💻 Local	Express	0.416s (-25.8% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.589s	60	2.43x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.418s (-30.9% 🟢)	1.004s (-1.7%)	0.587s	60	2.45x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.542s	1.005s	0.462s	60	3.18x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.451s (+47.6% 🔺)	4.333s (+29.3% 🔺)	1.882s	15	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.550s (+26.1% 🔺)	4.428s (+16.7% 🔺)	1.878s	14	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.780s (+42.3% 🔺)	4.642s (+27.6% 🔺)	1.861s	13	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.293s (-41.0% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.713s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.311s (-38.9% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.695s	90	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.397s	1.006s	0.609s	90	1.36x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.116s (-16.6% 🟢)	2.796s (-7.1% 🟢)	0.680s	33	7.23x
💻 Local	Express	2.136s (-15.0% 🟢)	2.736s (-9.1% 🟢)	0.600s	33	7.30x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.239s	2.947s	0.708s	31	7.65x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.665s (+85.9% 🔺)	7.279s (+51.4% 🔺)	1.614s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.891s (+94.9% 🔺)	8.835s (+70.1% 🔺)	1.944s	11	1.22x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	39.955s (+1138.6% 🔺)	41.777s (+766.4% 🔺)	1.822s	9	7.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.630s (-20.3% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.376s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.649s (-20.8% 🟢)	1.007s (-1.0%)	0.358s	120	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.757s	1.005s	0.249s	120	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	10.325s (-7.7% 🟢)	10.865s (-9.0% 🟢)	0.540s	12	16.39x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.418s (-6.9% 🟢)	10.936s (-6.2% 🟢)	0.518s	11	16.53x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.889s	11.756s	0.866s	11	17.28x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	14.258s (+38.1% 🔺)	16.604s (+35.1% 🔺)	2.346s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	15.411s (+99.6% 🔺)	17.215s (+83.1% 🔺)	1.804s	8	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Express	15.981s (+115.4% 🔺)	18.140s (+96.2% 🔺)	2.159s	7	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.133s (+452.6% 🔺)	1.997s (+99.8% 🔺)	0.001s (-6.7% 🟢)	2.009s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.876s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.136s (+431.6% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.013s (+8.0% 🔺)	2.021s (+98.4% 🔺)	0.885s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.145s (+458.4% 🔺)	1.999s (+100.2% 🔺)	0.001s (-18.8% 🟢)	2.012s (+98.9% 🔺)	0.866s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.162s	2.001s	0.001s	2.010s	0.848s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.166s (+485.7% 🔺)	2.006s (+99.7% 🔺)	0.013s (+7.4% 🔺)	2.021s (+98.5% 🔺)	0.855s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.173s	2.004s	0.011s	2.018s	0.844s	10	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.191s (-12.6% 🟢)	3.391s (-17.1% 🟢)	1.722s (+79.2% 🔺)	5.637s (+0.8%)	3.447s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.211s (-42.3% 🟢)	3.379s (-36.0% 🟢)	1.786s (+140.6% 🔺)	5.690s (-12.2% 🟢)	3.479s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.310s (-66.3% 🟢)	3.317s (-61.7% 🟢)	2.218s (+251.0% 🔺)	6.101s (-37.7% 🟢)	3.791s	10	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.510s (+141.9% 🔺)	2.004s (+99.0% 🔺)	0.004s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.027s (+98.2% 🔺)	0.517s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.535s (+143.7% 🔺)	2.003s (+99.0% 🔺)	0.004s (+1.8%)	2.026s (+98.1% 🔺)	0.491s	30	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.539s (+103.2% 🔺)	2.012s (+95.5% 🔺)	0.011s (+13.7% 🔺)	2.025s (+94.7% 🔺)	0.486s	30	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.556s (+85.6% 🔺)	2.012s (+98.8% 🔺)	0.011s (+17.4% 🔺)	2.025s (+81.4% 🔺)	0.468s	30	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.590s	2.008s	0.003s	2.023s	0.433s	30	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.724s	2.011s	0.011s	2.026s	0.302s	30	1.14x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.802s (-10.8% 🟢)	7.158s (-10.6% 🟢)	0.277s (-32.2% 🟢)	7.932s (-10.2% 🟢)	2.130s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.093s (-64.0% 🟢)	7.492s (-58.9% 🟢)	0.246s (+16.4% 🔺)	8.250s (-56.4% 🟢)	2.157s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.194s (-79.0% 🟢)	7.563s (-75.5% 🟢)	0.282s (+151.5% 🔺)	8.361s (-73.7% 🟢)	2.167s	8	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.647s (-33.2% 🟢)	1.015s (-18.7% 🟢)	0.000s (-18.6% 🟢)	1.031s (-18.0% 🟢)	0.384s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.683s (-28.9% 🟢)	1.014s (-20.7% 🟢)	0.000s (-60.3% 🟢)	1.049s (-19.7% 🟢)	0.366s	58	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.722s	1.053s	0.000s	1.060s	0.338s	57	1.12x
💻 Local	Express	1.353s (+10.5% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.001s (+90.0% 🔺)	2.018s (~)	0.665s	30	2.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.411s (+15.4% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.000s (+200.0% 🔺)	2.018s (~)	0.607s	30	2.18x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.512s	2.016s	0.001s	2.020s	0.508s	30	2.34x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.866s (+3.4%)	5.163s (+1.2%)	0.001s (+200.0% 🔺)	5.680s (+2.7%)	1.814s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.896s (-61.7% 🟢)	5.280s (-54.2% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.771s (-52.1% 🟢)	1.874s	11	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.235s (+38.8% 🔺)	5.740s (+30.7% 🔺)	0.000s (+290.0% 🔺)	6.253s (+30.0% 🔺)	2.018s	10	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.366s (-22.9% 🟢)	2.101s (-3.5%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.114s (-3.8%)	0.749s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.375s (-23.3% 🟢)	2.030s (-5.2% 🟢)	0.000s (+93.1% 🔺)	2.072s (-4.7%)	0.698s	29	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.450s	2.069s	0.000s	2.087s	0.637s	30	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	3.091s (-10.8% 🟢)	3.843s (-4.7%)	0.000s (-45.3% 🟢)	3.845s (-4.7%)	0.754s	16	2.26x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.192s	3.675s	0.001s	3.683s	0.491s	17	2.34x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.229s (-4.7%)	3.968s (-1.6%)	0.001s (+17.2% 🔺)	3.971s (-1.6%)	0.742s	16	2.36x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.474s (+33.7% 🔺)	6.902s (+28.4% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	7.394s (+27.6% 🔺)	1.920s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.842s (+4.0%)	7.272s (+4.2%)	0.000s (~)	7.808s (+3.6%)	1.966s	8	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	12/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	16/21
▲ Vercel	Express	10/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	19/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	20/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	17/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1222	0	219	1441
✅ 💻 Local Development	1615	0	219	1834
✅ 📦 Local Production	1615	0	219	1834
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1615	0	219	1834
✅ 🪟 Windows	131	0	0	131
✅ 📋 Other	741	0	176	917
Total	6939	0	1052	7991

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	105	0	26
✅ example	105	0	26
✅ express	105	0	26
✅ fastify	105	0	26
✅ hono	105	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	129	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	129	0	2
✅ nitro	105	0	26
✅ nuxt	105	0	26
✅ sveltekit	124	0	7
✅ vite	105	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	106	0	25
✅ express-stable	106	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	106	0	25
✅ hono-stable	106	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	106	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	106	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	125	0	6
✅ vite-stable	106	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	106	0	25
✅ express-stable	106	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	106	0	25
✅ hono-stable	106	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	106	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	106	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	125	0	6
✅ vite-stable	106	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	106	0	25
✅ express-stable	106	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	106	0	25
✅ hono-stable	106	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	106	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	106	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	125	0	6
✅ vite-stable	106	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	131	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	106	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	105	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

[karthikscale3]

LGMT

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2089. (backport job run)

[VaguelySerious]

• The "Queued for" time in the Events tab was wrong for any step that retried: it showed the time from step_created to the laststep_started instead of the first.
• A retried step emits multiple step_started events with the same correlationId; buildDurationMap in event-list-view.tsx overwrote info.queued on every one of them.
• Anchor the queued duration on the first step_started for each correlation, and sort events chronologically inside the helper so its output no longer depends on the caller's sort direction (the events tab supports asc/desc and the descending path produced negative-ish garbage in some cases).

Trace viewer

Investigated both components/trace-viewer/ and components/new-trace-viewer/. Both compute the queued segment from the first chronologically-sorted mark (marks[0]) — they are not affected by this bug.

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: b085023

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.031s (-27.6% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.975s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.032s (-28.9% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.975s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.049s	1.005s	0.956s	10	1.58x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.051s (-11.7% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.961s	10	1.64x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.052s	1.011s	0.959s	10	1.66x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.053s (-44.1% 🟢)	1.012s (-3.0%)	0.959s	10	1.71x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.266s (+13.0% 🔺)	2.434s (+14.0% 🔺)	2.168s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.285s (+13.2% 🔺)	2.690s (+15.3% 🔺)	2.406s	10	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.316s (-22.9% 🟢)	2.433s (-3.1%)	2.117s	10	1.19x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.074s (-5.1% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.932s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.080s (-4.0%)	2.007s (~)	0.926s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.088s (-4.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.923s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.089s (-5.1% 🟢)	2.009s (~)	0.921s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.104s	2.010s	0.906s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.108s	2.007s	0.898s	10	1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.631s (-13.0% 🟢)	3.686s (-3.2%)	2.055s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.636s (-19.6% 🟢)	3.792s (-1.0%)	2.155s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.665s (-57.2% 🟢)	3.915s (-33.7% 🟢)	2.250s	10	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	10.415s (-4.2%)	11.014s (~)	0.599s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.424s (-4.9%)	11.017s (~)	0.593s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.440s (-4.6%)	11.022s (~)	0.582s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.461s (-4.2%)	11.023s (~)	0.562s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.542s	11.018s	0.476s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.658s	11.023s	0.365s	3	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.194s (-22.3% 🟢)	14.995s (-25.1% 🟢)	1.801s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.268s (-23.4% 🟢)	15.057s (-22.4% 🟢)	1.788s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	13.313s (-43.9% 🟢)	15.580s (-38.0% 🟢)	2.268s	2	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.492s (-7.5% 🟢)	14.018s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.526s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.492s (-10.4% 🟢)	14.027s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.535s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.495s (-7.5% 🟢)	14.017s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.522s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	13.554s (-9.5% 🟢)	14.028s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.474s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.865s	14.216s	0.352s	5	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.062s	15.030s	0.969s	4	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	20.881s (-60.3% 🟢)	23.195s (-57.5% 🟢)	2.314s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	21.461s (-57.3% 🟢)	23.623s (-55.1% 🟢)	2.162s	3	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	21.977s (-65.9% 🟢)	23.875s (-64.2% 🟢)	1.898s	3	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	11.977s (-28.6% 🟢)	12.272s (-27.9% 🟢)	0.295s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	11.977s (-14.2% 🟢)	12.393s (-13.4% 🟢)	0.416s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.014s (-14.2% 🟢)	12.519s (-14.2% 🟢)	0.505s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	12.217s (-26.4% 🟢)	12.884s (-24.3% 🟢)	0.667s	7	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.585s	13.019s	0.433s	7	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.017s	13.453s	0.436s	7	1.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	30.938s (-92.1% 🟢)	32.869s (-91.7% 🟢)	1.931s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	31.835s (-73.7% 🟢)	33.923s (-72.6% 🟢)	2.088s	3	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	32.394s (-92.3% 🟢)	34.666s (-91.8% 🟢)	2.272s	3	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.143s (-10.3% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.864s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.149s (-8.8% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.858s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.174s (-28.1% 🟢)	2.007s (-3.3%)	0.833s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.182s	2.007s	0.825s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.197s (-19.6% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.810s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.271s	2.006s	0.735s	15	1.11x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.489s (-11.7% 🟢)	3.924s (-9.2% 🟢)	1.435s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.563s (-24.6% 🟢)	4.212s (-14.6% 🟢)	1.649s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.658s (-7.1% 🟢)	4.193s (-9.3% 🟢)	1.536s	8	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.197s (-49.1% 🟢)	2.006s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.809s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.214s (-48.6% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.794s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.290s	2.007s	0.717s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.742s	2.073s	0.331s	15	1.46x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.890s (-39.9% 🟢)	2.150s (-44.7% 🟢)	0.260s	14	1.58x
💻 Local	Express	2.115s (-28.4% 🟢)	2.470s (-28.5% 🟢)	0.355s	13	1.77x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.456s (-14.7% 🟢)	5.111s (-13.7% 🟢)	1.655s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.659s (-48.5% 🟢)	5.400s (-39.4% 🟢)	1.741s	6	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.692s (+2.0%)	5.470s (+7.0% 🔺)	1.777s	6	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.308s (-62.4% 🟢)	2.007s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.699s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.331s (-61.8% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.676s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.497s	2.007s	0.510s	15	1.14x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.893s	5.513s	0.620s	6	3.74x
💻 Local	Express	5.699s (-31.7% 🟢)	6.213s (-31.2% 🟢)	0.515s	5	4.36x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.763s (-31.0% 🟢)	6.215s (-31.1% 🟢)	0.452s	5	4.41x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.182s (+22.2% 🔺)	7.074s (+15.5% 🔺)	1.893s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.300s (+78.7% 🔺)	7.681s (+38.8% 🔺)	1.381s	4	1.22x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.500s (-27.1% 🟢)	8.384s (-23.5% 🟢)	1.884s	4	1.25x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.143s (-9.0% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.865s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.155s (-8.1% 🟢)	2.009s (~)	0.853s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.172s	2.008s	0.836s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.377s	2.006s	0.629s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.451s (-22.2% 🟢)	2.006s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.555s	15	1.27x
💻 Local	Express	1.464s (-22.7% 🟢)	2.007s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.543s	15	1.28x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.641s (+2.3%)	4.268s (-1.9%)	1.627s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.679s (-8.6% 🟢)	4.496s (-3.1%)	1.818s	7	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.720s (+10.6% 🔺)	4.079s (-2.2%)	1.359s	8	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.212s (-48.2% 🟢)	2.009s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.797s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.217s (-48.0% 🟢)	2.010s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.793s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.284s	2.007s	0.723s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.031s (-33.7% 🟢)	2.508s (-35.5% 🟢)	0.477s	12	1.68x
💻 Local	Express	2.099s (-33.0% 🟢)	2.592s (-31.1% 🟢)	0.493s	12	1.73x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.129s	3.008s	0.878s	10	1.76x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.588s (+14.2% 🔺)	5.282s (+16.8% 🔺)	1.694s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.995s (+23.6% 🔺)	5.785s (+14.0% 🔺)	1.790s	6	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.051s (+26.9% 🔺)	5.468s (+14.1% 🔺)	1.417s	6	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.332s (-61.9% 🟢)	2.009s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.676s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.338s (-61.6% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.670s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.500s	2.009s	0.509s	15	1.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.749s (-37.1% 🟢)	6.346s (-36.7% 🟢)	0.597s	6	4.31x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.897s	6.419s	0.522s	5	4.43x
💻 Local	Express	7.002s (-20.4% 🟢)	7.418s (-20.0% 🟢)	0.416s	5	5.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.032s (-21.6% 🟢)	7.251s (-11.3% 🟢)	2.219s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.409s (+25.8% 🔺)	8.314s (+22.0% 🔺)	1.905s	4	1.27x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.625s (-2.0%)	9.182s (+7.5% 🔺)	2.557s	4	1.32x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.463s (-43.6% 🟢)	1.023s (+1.7%)	0.561s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.467s (-44.3% 🟢)	1.007s (-1.6%)	0.540s	60	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.498s (-49.2% 🟢)	1.021s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.523s	59	1.08x
💻 Local	Express	0.514s (-47.7% 🟢)	1.005s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.491s	60	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.527s	1.006s	0.479s	60	1.14x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.789s	1.021s	0.232s	59	1.71x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.140s (-76.7% 🟢)	6.945s (-71.1% 🟢)	1.805s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.267s (-72.3% 🟢)	7.191s (-66.3% 🟢)	1.924s	9	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.325s (-63.3% 🟢)	7.449s (-53.7% 🟢)	2.124s	9	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.051s (-46.8% 🟢)	1.724s (-23.7% 🟢)	0.672s	53	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.108s (-42.5% 🟢)	1.944s (-7.5% 🟢)	0.836s	47	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.220s (-59.8% 🟢)	2.006s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.786s	45	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.236s	2.008s	0.772s	45	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	1.274s (-57.7% 🟢)	2.006s (-44.0% 🟢)	0.732s	45	1.21x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.905s	2.099s	0.194s	43	1.81x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	12.607s (-68.1% 🟢)	14.909s (-63.9% 🟢)	2.302s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	13.185s (-61.8% 🟢)	15.376s (-58.2% 🟢)	2.191s	6	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.294s (-73.3% 🟢)	15.467s (-70.1% 🟢)	2.173s	6	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.099s (-48.8% 🟢)	2.616s (-43.2% 🟢)	0.517s	46	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.127s (-46.7% 🟢)	2.735s (-37.4% 🟢)	0.608s	44	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.417s	3.008s	0.591s	40	1.15x
💻 Local	Express	2.725s (-70.4% 🟢)	3.008s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.283s	40	1.30x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.725s (-70.7% 🟢)	3.008s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.283s	40	1.30x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.028s	4.602s	0.574s	27	1.92x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	28.084s (-71.0% 🟢)	30.227s (-69.3% 🟢)	2.144s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	28.321s (-73.6% 🟢)	30.393s (-72.1% 🟢)	2.072s	4	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	28.462s (-78.1% 🟢)	30.840s (-76.7% 🟢)	2.378s	4	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.171s (-39.7% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.835s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.179s (-36.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.826s	60	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.207s	1.006s	0.799s	60	1.21x
💻 Local	Express	0.416s (-25.8% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.589s	60	2.43x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.418s (-30.9% 🟢)	1.004s (-1.7%)	0.587s	60	2.45x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.542s	1.005s	0.462s	60	3.18x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.451s (+47.6% 🔺)	4.333s (+29.3% 🔺)	1.882s	15	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.550s (+26.1% 🔺)	4.428s (+16.7% 🔺)	1.878s	14	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.780s (+42.3% 🔺)	4.642s (+27.6% 🔺)	1.861s	13	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.293s (-41.0% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.713s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.311s (-38.9% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.695s	90	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.397s	1.006s	0.609s	90	1.36x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.116s (-16.6% 🟢)	2.796s (-7.1% 🟢)	0.680s	33	7.23x
💻 Local	Express	2.136s (-15.0% 🟢)	2.736s (-9.1% 🟢)	0.600s	33	7.30x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.239s	2.947s	0.708s	31	7.65x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.665s (+85.9% 🔺)	7.279s (+51.4% 🔺)	1.614s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.891s (+94.9% 🔺)	8.835s (+70.1% 🔺)	1.944s	11	1.22x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	39.955s (+1138.6% 🔺)	41.777s (+766.4% 🔺)	1.822s	9	7.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.630s (-20.3% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.376s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.649s (-20.8% 🟢)	1.007s (-1.0%)	0.358s	120	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.757s	1.005s	0.249s	120	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	10.325s (-7.7% 🟢)	10.865s (-9.0% 🟢)	0.540s	12	16.39x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.418s (-6.9% 🟢)	10.936s (-6.2% 🟢)	0.518s	11	16.53x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.889s	11.756s	0.866s	11	17.28x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	14.258s (+38.1% 🔺)	16.604s (+35.1% 🔺)	2.346s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	15.411s (+99.6% 🔺)	17.215s (+83.1% 🔺)	1.804s	8	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Express	15.981s (+115.4% 🔺)	18.140s (+96.2% 🔺)	2.159s	7	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.133s (+452.6% 🔺)	1.997s (+99.8% 🔺)	0.001s (-6.7% 🟢)	2.009s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.876s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.136s (+431.6% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.013s (+8.0% 🔺)	2.021s (+98.4% 🔺)	0.885s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.145s (+458.4% 🔺)	1.999s (+100.2% 🔺)	0.001s (-18.8% 🟢)	2.012s (+98.9% 🔺)	0.866s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.162s	2.001s	0.001s	2.010s	0.848s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.166s (+485.7% 🔺)	2.006s (+99.7% 🔺)	0.013s (+7.4% 🔺)	2.021s (+98.5% 🔺)	0.855s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.173s	2.004s	0.011s	2.018s	0.844s	10	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.191s (-12.6% 🟢)	3.391s (-17.1% 🟢)	1.722s (+79.2% 🔺)	5.637s (+0.8%)	3.447s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.211s (-42.3% 🟢)	3.379s (-36.0% 🟢)	1.786s (+140.6% 🔺)	5.690s (-12.2% 🟢)	3.479s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.310s (-66.3% 🟢)	3.317s (-61.7% 🟢)	2.218s (+251.0% 🔺)	6.101s (-37.7% 🟢)	3.791s	10	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.510s (+141.9% 🔺)	2.004s (+99.0% 🔺)	0.004s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.027s (+98.2% 🔺)	0.517s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.535s (+143.7% 🔺)	2.003s (+99.0% 🔺)	0.004s (+1.8%)	2.026s (+98.1% 🔺)	0.491s	30	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.539s (+103.2% 🔺)	2.012s (+95.5% 🔺)	0.011s (+13.7% 🔺)	2.025s (+94.7% 🔺)	0.486s	30	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.556s (+85.6% 🔺)	2.012s (+98.8% 🔺)	0.011s (+17.4% 🔺)	2.025s (+81.4% 🔺)	0.468s	30	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.590s	2.008s	0.003s	2.023s	0.433s	30	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.724s	2.011s	0.011s	2.026s	0.302s	30	1.14x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.802s (-10.8% 🟢)	7.158s (-10.6% 🟢)	0.277s (-32.2% 🟢)	7.932s (-10.2% 🟢)	2.130s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.093s (-64.0% 🟢)	7.492s (-58.9% 🟢)	0.246s (+16.4% 🔺)	8.250s (-56.4% 🟢)	2.157s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.194s (-79.0% 🟢)	7.563s (-75.5% 🟢)	0.282s (+151.5% 🔺)	8.361s (-73.7% 🟢)	2.167s	8	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.647s (-33.2% 🟢)	1.015s (-18.7% 🟢)	0.000s (-18.6% 🟢)	1.031s (-18.0% 🟢)	0.384s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.683s (-28.9% 🟢)	1.014s (-20.7% 🟢)	0.000s (-60.3% 🟢)	1.049s (-19.7% 🟢)	0.366s	58	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.722s	1.053s	0.000s	1.060s	0.338s	57	1.12x
💻 Local	Express	1.353s (+10.5% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.001s (+90.0% 🔺)	2.018s (~)	0.665s	30	2.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.411s (+15.4% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.000s (+200.0% 🔺)	2.018s (~)	0.607s	30	2.18x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.512s	2.016s	0.001s	2.020s	0.508s	30	2.34x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.866s (+3.4%)	5.163s (+1.2%)	0.001s (+200.0% 🔺)	5.680s (+2.7%)	1.814s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.896s (-61.7% 🟢)	5.280s (-54.2% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.771s (-52.1% 🟢)	1.874s	11	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.235s (+38.8% 🔺)	5.740s (+30.7% 🔺)	0.000s (+290.0% 🔺)	6.253s (+30.0% 🔺)	2.018s	10	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.366s (-22.9% 🟢)	2.101s (-3.5%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.114s (-3.8%)	0.749s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.375s (-23.3% 🟢)	2.030s (-5.2% 🟢)	0.000s (+93.1% 🔺)	2.072s (-4.7%)	0.698s	29	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.450s	2.069s	0.000s	2.087s	0.637s	30	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	3.091s (-10.8% 🟢)	3.843s (-4.7%)	0.000s (-45.3% 🟢)	3.845s (-4.7%)	0.754s	16	2.26x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.192s	3.675s	0.001s	3.683s	0.491s	17	2.34x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.229s (-4.7%)	3.968s (-1.6%)	0.001s (+17.2% 🔺)	3.971s (-1.6%)	0.742s	16	2.36x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.474s (+33.7% 🔺)	6.902s (+28.4% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	7.394s (+27.6% 🔺)	1.920s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.842s (+4.0%)	7.272s (+4.2%)	0.000s (~)	7.808s (+3.6%)	1.966s	8	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	12/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	16/21
▲ Vercel	Express	10/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	19/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	20/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	17/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1222	0	219	1441
✅ 💻 Local Development	1615	0	219	1834
✅ 📦 Local Production	1615	0	219	1834
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1615	0	219	1834
✅ 🪟 Windows	131	0	0	131
✅ 📋 Other	741	0	176	917
Total	6939	0	1052	7991

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	105	0	26
✅ example	105	0	26
✅ express	105	0	26
✅ fastify	105	0	26
✅ hono	105	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	129	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	129	0	2
✅ nitro	105	0	26
✅ nuxt	105	0	26
✅ sveltekit	124	0	7
✅ vite	105	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	106	0	25
✅ express-stable	106	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	106	0	25
✅ hono-stable	106	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	106	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	106	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	125	0	6
✅ vite-stable	106	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	106	0	25
✅ express-stable	106	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	106	0	25
✅ hono-stable	106	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	106	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	106	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	125	0	6
✅ vite-stable	106	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	106	0	25
✅ express-stable	106	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	106	0	25
✅ hono-stable	106	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	106	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	106	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	125	0	6
✅ vite-stable	106	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	131	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	106	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	105	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

[karthikscale3]

LGMT

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2089. (backport job run)

[VaguelySerious]

• The "Queued for" time in the Events tab was wrong for any step that retried: it showed the time from step_created to the laststep_started instead of the first.
• A retried step emits multiple step_started events with the same correlationId; buildDurationMap in event-list-view.tsx overwrote info.queued on every one of them.
• Anchor the queued duration on the first step_started for each correlation, and sort events chronologically inside the helper so its output no longer depends on the caller's sort direction (the events tab supports asc/desc and the descending path produced negative-ish garbage in some cases).

Trace viewer

Investigated both components/trace-viewer/ and components/new-trace-viewer/. Both compute the queued segment from the first chronologically-sorted mark (marks[0]) — they are not affected by this bug.

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: b085023

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.031s (-27.6% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.975s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.032s (-28.9% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.975s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.049s	1.005s	0.956s	10	1.58x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.051s (-11.7% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.961s	10	1.64x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.052s	1.011s	0.959s	10	1.66x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.053s (-44.1% 🟢)	1.012s (-3.0%)	0.959s	10	1.71x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.266s (+13.0% 🔺)	2.434s (+14.0% 🔺)	2.168s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.285s (+13.2% 🔺)	2.690s (+15.3% 🔺)	2.406s	10	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.316s (-22.9% 🟢)	2.433s (-3.1%)	2.117s	10	1.19x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.074s (-5.1% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.932s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.080s (-4.0%)	2.007s (~)	0.926s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.088s (-4.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.923s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.089s (-5.1% 🟢)	2.009s (~)	0.921s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.104s	2.010s	0.906s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.108s	2.007s	0.898s	10	1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.631s (-13.0% 🟢)	3.686s (-3.2%)	2.055s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.636s (-19.6% 🟢)	3.792s (-1.0%)	2.155s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.665s (-57.2% 🟢)	3.915s (-33.7% 🟢)	2.250s	10	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	10.415s (-4.2%)	11.014s (~)	0.599s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.424s (-4.9%)	11.017s (~)	0.593s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.440s (-4.6%)	11.022s (~)	0.582s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.461s (-4.2%)	11.023s (~)	0.562s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.542s	11.018s	0.476s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.658s	11.023s	0.365s	3	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.194s (-22.3% 🟢)	14.995s (-25.1% 🟢)	1.801s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.268s (-23.4% 🟢)	15.057s (-22.4% 🟢)	1.788s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	13.313s (-43.9% 🟢)	15.580s (-38.0% 🟢)	2.268s	2	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.492s (-7.5% 🟢)	14.018s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.526s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.492s (-10.4% 🟢)	14.027s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.535s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.495s (-7.5% 🟢)	14.017s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.522s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	13.554s (-9.5% 🟢)	14.028s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.474s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.865s	14.216s	0.352s	5	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.062s	15.030s	0.969s	4	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	20.881s (-60.3% 🟢)	23.195s (-57.5% 🟢)	2.314s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	21.461s (-57.3% 🟢)	23.623s (-55.1% 🟢)	2.162s	3	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	21.977s (-65.9% 🟢)	23.875s (-64.2% 🟢)	1.898s	3	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	11.977s (-28.6% 🟢)	12.272s (-27.9% 🟢)	0.295s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	11.977s (-14.2% 🟢)	12.393s (-13.4% 🟢)	0.416s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.014s (-14.2% 🟢)	12.519s (-14.2% 🟢)	0.505s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	12.217s (-26.4% 🟢)	12.884s (-24.3% 🟢)	0.667s	7	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.585s	13.019s	0.433s	7	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.017s	13.453s	0.436s	7	1.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	30.938s (-92.1% 🟢)	32.869s (-91.7% 🟢)	1.931s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	31.835s (-73.7% 🟢)	33.923s (-72.6% 🟢)	2.088s	3	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	32.394s (-92.3% 🟢)	34.666s (-91.8% 🟢)	2.272s	3	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.143s (-10.3% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.864s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.149s (-8.8% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.858s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.174s (-28.1% 🟢)	2.007s (-3.3%)	0.833s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.182s	2.007s	0.825s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.197s (-19.6% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.810s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.271s	2.006s	0.735s	15	1.11x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.489s (-11.7% 🟢)	3.924s (-9.2% 🟢)	1.435s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.563s (-24.6% 🟢)	4.212s (-14.6% 🟢)	1.649s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.658s (-7.1% 🟢)	4.193s (-9.3% 🟢)	1.536s	8	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.197s (-49.1% 🟢)	2.006s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.809s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.214s (-48.6% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.794s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.290s	2.007s	0.717s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.742s	2.073s	0.331s	15	1.46x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.890s (-39.9% 🟢)	2.150s (-44.7% 🟢)	0.260s	14	1.58x
💻 Local	Express	2.115s (-28.4% 🟢)	2.470s (-28.5% 🟢)	0.355s	13	1.77x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.456s (-14.7% 🟢)	5.111s (-13.7% 🟢)	1.655s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.659s (-48.5% 🟢)	5.400s (-39.4% 🟢)	1.741s	6	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.692s (+2.0%)	5.470s (+7.0% 🔺)	1.777s	6	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.308s (-62.4% 🟢)	2.007s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.699s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.331s (-61.8% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.676s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.497s	2.007s	0.510s	15	1.14x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.893s	5.513s	0.620s	6	3.74x
💻 Local	Express	5.699s (-31.7% 🟢)	6.213s (-31.2% 🟢)	0.515s	5	4.36x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.763s (-31.0% 🟢)	6.215s (-31.1% 🟢)	0.452s	5	4.41x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.182s (+22.2% 🔺)	7.074s (+15.5% 🔺)	1.893s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.300s (+78.7% 🔺)	7.681s (+38.8% 🔺)	1.381s	4	1.22x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.500s (-27.1% 🟢)	8.384s (-23.5% 🟢)	1.884s	4	1.25x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.143s (-9.0% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.865s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.155s (-8.1% 🟢)	2.009s (~)	0.853s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.172s	2.008s	0.836s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.377s	2.006s	0.629s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.451s (-22.2% 🟢)	2.006s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.555s	15	1.27x
💻 Local	Express	1.464s (-22.7% 🟢)	2.007s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.543s	15	1.28x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.641s (+2.3%)	4.268s (-1.9%)	1.627s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.679s (-8.6% 🟢)	4.496s (-3.1%)	1.818s	7	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.720s (+10.6% 🔺)	4.079s (-2.2%)	1.359s	8	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.212s (-48.2% 🟢)	2.009s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.797s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.217s (-48.0% 🟢)	2.010s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.793s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.284s	2.007s	0.723s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.031s (-33.7% 🟢)	2.508s (-35.5% 🟢)	0.477s	12	1.68x
💻 Local	Express	2.099s (-33.0% 🟢)	2.592s (-31.1% 🟢)	0.493s	12	1.73x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.129s	3.008s	0.878s	10	1.76x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.588s (+14.2% 🔺)	5.282s (+16.8% 🔺)	1.694s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.995s (+23.6% 🔺)	5.785s (+14.0% 🔺)	1.790s	6	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.051s (+26.9% 🔺)	5.468s (+14.1% 🔺)	1.417s	6	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.332s (-61.9% 🟢)	2.009s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.676s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.338s (-61.6% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.670s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.500s	2.009s	0.509s	15	1.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.749s (-37.1% 🟢)	6.346s (-36.7% 🟢)	0.597s	6	4.31x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.897s	6.419s	0.522s	5	4.43x
💻 Local	Express	7.002s (-20.4% 🟢)	7.418s (-20.0% 🟢)	0.416s	5	5.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.032s (-21.6% 🟢)	7.251s (-11.3% 🟢)	2.219s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.409s (+25.8% 🔺)	8.314s (+22.0% 🔺)	1.905s	4	1.27x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.625s (-2.0%)	9.182s (+7.5% 🔺)	2.557s	4	1.32x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.463s (-43.6% 🟢)	1.023s (+1.7%)	0.561s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.467s (-44.3% 🟢)	1.007s (-1.6%)	0.540s	60	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.498s (-49.2% 🟢)	1.021s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.523s	59	1.08x
💻 Local	Express	0.514s (-47.7% 🟢)	1.005s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.491s	60	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.527s	1.006s	0.479s	60	1.14x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.789s	1.021s	0.232s	59	1.71x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.140s (-76.7% 🟢)	6.945s (-71.1% 🟢)	1.805s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.267s (-72.3% 🟢)	7.191s (-66.3% 🟢)	1.924s	9	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.325s (-63.3% 🟢)	7.449s (-53.7% 🟢)	2.124s	9	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.051s (-46.8% 🟢)	1.724s (-23.7% 🟢)	0.672s	53	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.108s (-42.5% 🟢)	1.944s (-7.5% 🟢)	0.836s	47	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.220s (-59.8% 🟢)	2.006s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.786s	45	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.236s	2.008s	0.772s	45	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	1.274s (-57.7% 🟢)	2.006s (-44.0% 🟢)	0.732s	45	1.21x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.905s	2.099s	0.194s	43	1.81x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	12.607s (-68.1% 🟢)	14.909s (-63.9% 🟢)	2.302s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	13.185s (-61.8% 🟢)	15.376s (-58.2% 🟢)	2.191s	6	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.294s (-73.3% 🟢)	15.467s (-70.1% 🟢)	2.173s	6	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.099s (-48.8% 🟢)	2.616s (-43.2% 🟢)	0.517s	46	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.127s (-46.7% 🟢)	2.735s (-37.4% 🟢)	0.608s	44	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.417s	3.008s	0.591s	40	1.15x
💻 Local	Express	2.725s (-70.4% 🟢)	3.008s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.283s	40	1.30x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.725s (-70.7% 🟢)	3.008s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.283s	40	1.30x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.028s	4.602s	0.574s	27	1.92x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	28.084s (-71.0% 🟢)	30.227s (-69.3% 🟢)	2.144s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	28.321s (-73.6% 🟢)	30.393s (-72.1% 🟢)	2.072s	4	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	28.462s (-78.1% 🟢)	30.840s (-76.7% 🟢)	2.378s	4	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.171s (-39.7% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.835s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.179s (-36.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.826s	60	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.207s	1.006s	0.799s	60	1.21x
💻 Local	Express	0.416s (-25.8% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.589s	60	2.43x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.418s (-30.9% 🟢)	1.004s (-1.7%)	0.587s	60	2.45x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.542s	1.005s	0.462s	60	3.18x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.451s (+47.6% 🔺)	4.333s (+29.3% 🔺)	1.882s	15	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.550s (+26.1% 🔺)	4.428s (+16.7% 🔺)	1.878s	14	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.780s (+42.3% 🔺)	4.642s (+27.6% 🔺)	1.861s	13	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.293s (-41.0% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.713s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.311s (-38.9% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.695s	90	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.397s	1.006s	0.609s	90	1.36x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.116s (-16.6% 🟢)	2.796s (-7.1% 🟢)	0.680s	33	7.23x
💻 Local	Express	2.136s (-15.0% 🟢)	2.736s (-9.1% 🟢)	0.600s	33	7.30x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.239s	2.947s	0.708s	31	7.65x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.665s (+85.9% 🔺)	7.279s (+51.4% 🔺)	1.614s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.891s (+94.9% 🔺)	8.835s (+70.1% 🔺)	1.944s	11	1.22x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	39.955s (+1138.6% 🔺)	41.777s (+766.4% 🔺)	1.822s	9	7.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.630s (-20.3% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.376s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.649s (-20.8% 🟢)	1.007s (-1.0%)	0.358s	120	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.757s	1.005s	0.249s	120	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	10.325s (-7.7% 🟢)	10.865s (-9.0% 🟢)	0.540s	12	16.39x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.418s (-6.9% 🟢)	10.936s (-6.2% 🟢)	0.518s	11	16.53x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.889s	11.756s	0.866s	11	17.28x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	14.258s (+38.1% 🔺)	16.604s (+35.1% 🔺)	2.346s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	15.411s (+99.6% 🔺)	17.215s (+83.1% 🔺)	1.804s	8	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Express	15.981s (+115.4% 🔺)	18.140s (+96.2% 🔺)	2.159s	7	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.133s (+452.6% 🔺)	1.997s (+99.8% 🔺)	0.001s (-6.7% 🟢)	2.009s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.876s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.136s (+431.6% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.013s (+8.0% 🔺)	2.021s (+98.4% 🔺)	0.885s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.145s (+458.4% 🔺)	1.999s (+100.2% 🔺)	0.001s (-18.8% 🟢)	2.012s (+98.9% 🔺)	0.866s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.162s	2.001s	0.001s	2.010s	0.848s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.166s (+485.7% 🔺)	2.006s (+99.7% 🔺)	0.013s (+7.4% 🔺)	2.021s (+98.5% 🔺)	0.855s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.173s	2.004s	0.011s	2.018s	0.844s	10	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.191s (-12.6% 🟢)	3.391s (-17.1% 🟢)	1.722s (+79.2% 🔺)	5.637s (+0.8%)	3.447s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.211s (-42.3% 🟢)	3.379s (-36.0% 🟢)	1.786s (+140.6% 🔺)	5.690s (-12.2% 🟢)	3.479s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.310s (-66.3% 🟢)	3.317s (-61.7% 🟢)	2.218s (+251.0% 🔺)	6.101s (-37.7% 🟢)	3.791s	10	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.510s (+141.9% 🔺)	2.004s (+99.0% 🔺)	0.004s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.027s (+98.2% 🔺)	0.517s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.535s (+143.7% 🔺)	2.003s (+99.0% 🔺)	0.004s (+1.8%)	2.026s (+98.1% 🔺)	0.491s	30	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.539s (+103.2% 🔺)	2.012s (+95.5% 🔺)	0.011s (+13.7% 🔺)	2.025s (+94.7% 🔺)	0.486s	30	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.556s (+85.6% 🔺)	2.012s (+98.8% 🔺)	0.011s (+17.4% 🔺)	2.025s (+81.4% 🔺)	0.468s	30	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.590s	2.008s	0.003s	2.023s	0.433s	30	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.724s	2.011s	0.011s	2.026s	0.302s	30	1.14x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.802s (-10.8% 🟢)	7.158s (-10.6% 🟢)	0.277s (-32.2% 🟢)	7.932s (-10.2% 🟢)	2.130s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.093s (-64.0% 🟢)	7.492s (-58.9% 🟢)	0.246s (+16.4% 🔺)	8.250s (-56.4% 🟢)	2.157s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.194s (-79.0% 🟢)	7.563s (-75.5% 🟢)	0.282s (+151.5% 🔺)	8.361s (-73.7% 🟢)	2.167s	8	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.647s (-33.2% 🟢)	1.015s (-18.7% 🟢)	0.000s (-18.6% 🟢)	1.031s (-18.0% 🟢)	0.384s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.683s (-28.9% 🟢)	1.014s (-20.7% 🟢)	0.000s (-60.3% 🟢)	1.049s (-19.7% 🟢)	0.366s	58	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.722s	1.053s	0.000s	1.060s	0.338s	57	1.12x
💻 Local	Express	1.353s (+10.5% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.001s (+90.0% 🔺)	2.018s (~)	0.665s	30	2.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.411s (+15.4% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.000s (+200.0% 🔺)	2.018s (~)	0.607s	30	2.18x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.512s	2.016s	0.001s	2.020s	0.508s	30	2.34x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.866s (+3.4%)	5.163s (+1.2%)	0.001s (+200.0% 🔺)	5.680s (+2.7%)	1.814s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.896s (-61.7% 🟢)	5.280s (-54.2% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.771s (-52.1% 🟢)	1.874s	11	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.235s (+38.8% 🔺)	5.740s (+30.7% 🔺)	0.000s (+290.0% 🔺)	6.253s (+30.0% 🔺)	2.018s	10	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.366s (-22.9% 🟢)	2.101s (-3.5%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.114s (-3.8%)	0.749s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.375s (-23.3% 🟢)	2.030s (-5.2% 🟢)	0.000s (+93.1% 🔺)	2.072s (-4.7%)	0.698s	29	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.450s	2.069s	0.000s	2.087s	0.637s	30	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	3.091s (-10.8% 🟢)	3.843s (-4.7%)	0.000s (-45.3% 🟢)	3.845s (-4.7%)	0.754s	16	2.26x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.192s	3.675s	0.001s	3.683s	0.491s	17	2.34x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.229s (-4.7%)	3.968s (-1.6%)	0.001s (+17.2% 🔺)	3.971s (-1.6%)	0.742s	16	2.36x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.474s (+33.7% 🔺)	6.902s (+28.4% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	7.394s (+27.6% 🔺)	1.920s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.842s (+4.0%)	7.272s (+4.2%)	0.000s (~)	7.808s (+3.6%)	1.966s	8	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	12/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	16/21
▲ Vercel	Express	10/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	19/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	20/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	17/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1222	0	219	1441
✅ 💻 Local Development	1615	0	219	1834
✅ 📦 Local Production	1615	0	219	1834
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1615	0	219	1834
✅ 🪟 Windows	131	0	0	131
✅ 📋 Other	741	0	176	917
Total	6939	0	1052	7991

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	105	0	26
✅ example	105	0	26
✅ express	105	0	26
✅ fastify	105	0	26
✅ hono	105	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	129	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	129	0	2
✅ nitro	105	0	26
✅ nuxt	105	0	26
✅ sveltekit	124	0	7
✅ vite	105	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	106	0	25
✅ express-stable	106	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	106	0	25
✅ hono-stable	106	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	106	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	106	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	125	0	6
✅ vite-stable	106	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	106	0	25
✅ express-stable	106	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	106	0	25
✅ hono-stable	106	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	106	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	106	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	125	0	6
✅ vite-stable	106	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	106	0	25
✅ express-stable	106	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	106	0	25
✅ hono-stable	106	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	106	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	106	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	125	0	6
✅ vite-stable	106	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	131	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	106	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	105	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

[karthikscale3]

LGMT

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2089. (backport job run)

[VaguelySerious]

• The "Queued for" time in the Events tab was wrong for any step that retried: it showed the time from step_created to the laststep_started instead of the first.
• A retried step emits multiple step_started events with the same correlationId; buildDurationMap in event-list-view.tsx overwrote info.queued on every one of them.
• Anchor the queued duration on the first step_started for each correlation, and sort events chronologically inside the helper so its output no longer depends on the caller's sort direction (the events tab supports asc/desc and the descending path produced negative-ish garbage in some cases).

Trace viewer

Investigated both components/trace-viewer/ and components/new-trace-viewer/. Both compute the queued segment from the first chronologically-sorted mark (marks[0]) — they are not affected by this bug.

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: b085023

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.031s (-27.6% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.975s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.032s (-28.9% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.975s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.049s	1.005s	0.956s	10	1.58x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.051s (-11.7% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.961s	10	1.64x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.052s	1.011s	0.959s	10	1.66x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.053s (-44.1% 🟢)	1.012s (-3.0%)	0.959s	10	1.71x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.266s (+13.0% 🔺)	2.434s (+14.0% 🔺)	2.168s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.285s (+13.2% 🔺)	2.690s (+15.3% 🔺)	2.406s	10	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.316s (-22.9% 🟢)	2.433s (-3.1%)	2.117s	10	1.19x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.074s (-5.1% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.932s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.080s (-4.0%)	2.007s (~)	0.926s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.088s (-4.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.923s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.089s (-5.1% 🟢)	2.009s (~)	0.921s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.104s	2.010s	0.906s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.108s	2.007s	0.898s	10	1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.631s (-13.0% 🟢)	3.686s (-3.2%)	2.055s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.636s (-19.6% 🟢)	3.792s (-1.0%)	2.155s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.665s (-57.2% 🟢)	3.915s (-33.7% 🟢)	2.250s	10	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	10.415s (-4.2%)	11.014s (~)	0.599s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.424s (-4.9%)	11.017s (~)	0.593s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.440s (-4.6%)	11.022s (~)	0.582s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.461s (-4.2%)	11.023s (~)	0.562s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.542s	11.018s	0.476s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.658s	11.023s	0.365s	3	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.194s (-22.3% 🟢)	14.995s (-25.1% 🟢)	1.801s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.268s (-23.4% 🟢)	15.057s (-22.4% 🟢)	1.788s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	13.313s (-43.9% 🟢)	15.580s (-38.0% 🟢)	2.268s	2	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.492s (-7.5% 🟢)	14.018s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.526s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.492s (-10.4% 🟢)	14.027s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.535s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.495s (-7.5% 🟢)	14.017s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.522s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	13.554s (-9.5% 🟢)	14.028s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.474s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.865s	14.216s	0.352s	5	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.062s	15.030s	0.969s	4	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	20.881s (-60.3% 🟢)	23.195s (-57.5% 🟢)	2.314s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	21.461s (-57.3% 🟢)	23.623s (-55.1% 🟢)	2.162s	3	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	21.977s (-65.9% 🟢)	23.875s (-64.2% 🟢)	1.898s	3	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	11.977s (-28.6% 🟢)	12.272s (-27.9% 🟢)	0.295s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	11.977s (-14.2% 🟢)	12.393s (-13.4% 🟢)	0.416s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.014s (-14.2% 🟢)	12.519s (-14.2% 🟢)	0.505s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	12.217s (-26.4% 🟢)	12.884s (-24.3% 🟢)	0.667s	7	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.585s	13.019s	0.433s	7	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.017s	13.453s	0.436s	7	1.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	30.938s (-92.1% 🟢)	32.869s (-91.7% 🟢)	1.931s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	31.835s (-73.7% 🟢)	33.923s (-72.6% 🟢)	2.088s	3	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	32.394s (-92.3% 🟢)	34.666s (-91.8% 🟢)	2.272s	3	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.143s (-10.3% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.864s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.149s (-8.8% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.858s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.174s (-28.1% 🟢)	2.007s (-3.3%)	0.833s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.182s	2.007s	0.825s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.197s (-19.6% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.810s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.271s	2.006s	0.735s	15	1.11x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.489s (-11.7% 🟢)	3.924s (-9.2% 🟢)	1.435s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.563s (-24.6% 🟢)	4.212s (-14.6% 🟢)	1.649s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.658s (-7.1% 🟢)	4.193s (-9.3% 🟢)	1.536s	8	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.197s (-49.1% 🟢)	2.006s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.809s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.214s (-48.6% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.794s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.290s	2.007s	0.717s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.742s	2.073s	0.331s	15	1.46x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.890s (-39.9% 🟢)	2.150s (-44.7% 🟢)	0.260s	14	1.58x
💻 Local	Express	2.115s (-28.4% 🟢)	2.470s (-28.5% 🟢)	0.355s	13	1.77x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.456s (-14.7% 🟢)	5.111s (-13.7% 🟢)	1.655s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.659s (-48.5% 🟢)	5.400s (-39.4% 🟢)	1.741s	6	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.692s (+2.0%)	5.470s (+7.0% 🔺)	1.777s	6	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.308s (-62.4% 🟢)	2.007s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.699s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.331s (-61.8% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.676s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.497s	2.007s	0.510s	15	1.14x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.893s	5.513s	0.620s	6	3.74x
💻 Local	Express	5.699s (-31.7% 🟢)	6.213s (-31.2% 🟢)	0.515s	5	4.36x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.763s (-31.0% 🟢)	6.215s (-31.1% 🟢)	0.452s	5	4.41x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.182s (+22.2% 🔺)	7.074s (+15.5% 🔺)	1.893s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.300s (+78.7% 🔺)	7.681s (+38.8% 🔺)	1.381s	4	1.22x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.500s (-27.1% 🟢)	8.384s (-23.5% 🟢)	1.884s	4	1.25x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.143s (-9.0% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.865s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.155s (-8.1% 🟢)	2.009s (~)	0.853s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.172s	2.008s	0.836s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.377s	2.006s	0.629s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.451s (-22.2% 🟢)	2.006s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.555s	15	1.27x
💻 Local	Express	1.464s (-22.7% 🟢)	2.007s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.543s	15	1.28x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.641s (+2.3%)	4.268s (-1.9%)	1.627s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.679s (-8.6% 🟢)	4.496s (-3.1%)	1.818s	7	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.720s (+10.6% 🔺)	4.079s (-2.2%)	1.359s	8	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.212s (-48.2% 🟢)	2.009s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.797s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.217s (-48.0% 🟢)	2.010s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.793s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.284s	2.007s	0.723s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.031s (-33.7% 🟢)	2.508s (-35.5% 🟢)	0.477s	12	1.68x
💻 Local	Express	2.099s (-33.0% 🟢)	2.592s (-31.1% 🟢)	0.493s	12	1.73x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.129s	3.008s	0.878s	10	1.76x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.588s (+14.2% 🔺)	5.282s (+16.8% 🔺)	1.694s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.995s (+23.6% 🔺)	5.785s (+14.0% 🔺)	1.790s	6	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.051s (+26.9% 🔺)	5.468s (+14.1% 🔺)	1.417s	6	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.332s (-61.9% 🟢)	2.009s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.676s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.338s (-61.6% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.670s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.500s	2.009s	0.509s	15	1.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.749s (-37.1% 🟢)	6.346s (-36.7% 🟢)	0.597s	6	4.31x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.897s	6.419s	0.522s	5	4.43x
💻 Local	Express	7.002s (-20.4% 🟢)	7.418s (-20.0% 🟢)	0.416s	5	5.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.032s (-21.6% 🟢)	7.251s (-11.3% 🟢)	2.219s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.409s (+25.8% 🔺)	8.314s (+22.0% 🔺)	1.905s	4	1.27x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.625s (-2.0%)	9.182s (+7.5% 🔺)	2.557s	4	1.32x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.463s (-43.6% 🟢)	1.023s (+1.7%)	0.561s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.467s (-44.3% 🟢)	1.007s (-1.6%)	0.540s	60	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.498s (-49.2% 🟢)	1.021s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.523s	59	1.08x
💻 Local	Express	0.514s (-47.7% 🟢)	1.005s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.491s	60	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.527s	1.006s	0.479s	60	1.14x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.789s	1.021s	0.232s	59	1.71x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.140s (-76.7% 🟢)	6.945s (-71.1% 🟢)	1.805s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.267s (-72.3% 🟢)	7.191s (-66.3% 🟢)	1.924s	9	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.325s (-63.3% 🟢)	7.449s (-53.7% 🟢)	2.124s	9	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.051s (-46.8% 🟢)	1.724s (-23.7% 🟢)	0.672s	53	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.108s (-42.5% 🟢)	1.944s (-7.5% 🟢)	0.836s	47	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.220s (-59.8% 🟢)	2.006s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.786s	45	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.236s	2.008s	0.772s	45	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	1.274s (-57.7% 🟢)	2.006s (-44.0% 🟢)	0.732s	45	1.21x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.905s	2.099s	0.194s	43	1.81x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	12.607s (-68.1% 🟢)	14.909s (-63.9% 🟢)	2.302s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	13.185s (-61.8% 🟢)	15.376s (-58.2% 🟢)	2.191s	6	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.294s (-73.3% 🟢)	15.467s (-70.1% 🟢)	2.173s	6	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.099s (-48.8% 🟢)	2.616s (-43.2% 🟢)	0.517s	46	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.127s (-46.7% 🟢)	2.735s (-37.4% 🟢)	0.608s	44	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.417s	3.008s	0.591s	40	1.15x
💻 Local	Express	2.725s (-70.4% 🟢)	3.008s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.283s	40	1.30x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.725s (-70.7% 🟢)	3.008s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.283s	40	1.30x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.028s	4.602s	0.574s	27	1.92x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	28.084s (-71.0% 🟢)	30.227s (-69.3% 🟢)	2.144s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	28.321s (-73.6% 🟢)	30.393s (-72.1% 🟢)	2.072s	4	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	28.462s (-78.1% 🟢)	30.840s (-76.7% 🟢)	2.378s	4	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.171s (-39.7% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.835s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.179s (-36.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.826s	60	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.207s	1.006s	0.799s	60	1.21x
💻 Local	Express	0.416s (-25.8% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.589s	60	2.43x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.418s (-30.9% 🟢)	1.004s (-1.7%)	0.587s	60	2.45x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.542s	1.005s	0.462s	60	3.18x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.451s (+47.6% 🔺)	4.333s (+29.3% 🔺)	1.882s	15	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.550s (+26.1% 🔺)	4.428s (+16.7% 🔺)	1.878s	14	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.780s (+42.3% 🔺)	4.642s (+27.6% 🔺)	1.861s	13	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.293s (-41.0% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.713s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.311s (-38.9% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.695s	90	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.397s	1.006s	0.609s	90	1.36x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.116s (-16.6% 🟢)	2.796s (-7.1% 🟢)	0.680s	33	7.23x
💻 Local	Express	2.136s (-15.0% 🟢)	2.736s (-9.1% 🟢)	0.600s	33	7.30x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.239s	2.947s	0.708s	31	7.65x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.665s (+85.9% 🔺)	7.279s (+51.4% 🔺)	1.614s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.891s (+94.9% 🔺)	8.835s (+70.1% 🔺)	1.944s	11	1.22x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	39.955s (+1138.6% 🔺)	41.777s (+766.4% 🔺)	1.822s	9	7.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.630s (-20.3% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.376s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.649s (-20.8% 🟢)	1.007s (-1.0%)	0.358s	120	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.757s	1.005s	0.249s	120	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	10.325s (-7.7% 🟢)	10.865s (-9.0% 🟢)	0.540s	12	16.39x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.418s (-6.9% 🟢)	10.936s (-6.2% 🟢)	0.518s	11	16.53x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.889s	11.756s	0.866s	11	17.28x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	14.258s (+38.1% 🔺)	16.604s (+35.1% 🔺)	2.346s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	15.411s (+99.6% 🔺)	17.215s (+83.1% 🔺)	1.804s	8	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Express	15.981s (+115.4% 🔺)	18.140s (+96.2% 🔺)	2.159s	7	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.133s (+452.6% 🔺)	1.997s (+99.8% 🔺)	0.001s (-6.7% 🟢)	2.009s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.876s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.136s (+431.6% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.013s (+8.0% 🔺)	2.021s (+98.4% 🔺)	0.885s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.145s (+458.4% 🔺)	1.999s (+100.2% 🔺)	0.001s (-18.8% 🟢)	2.012s (+98.9% 🔺)	0.866s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.162s	2.001s	0.001s	2.010s	0.848s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.166s (+485.7% 🔺)	2.006s (+99.7% 🔺)	0.013s (+7.4% 🔺)	2.021s (+98.5% 🔺)	0.855s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.173s	2.004s	0.011s	2.018s	0.844s	10	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.191s (-12.6% 🟢)	3.391s (-17.1% 🟢)	1.722s (+79.2% 🔺)	5.637s (+0.8%)	3.447s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.211s (-42.3% 🟢)	3.379s (-36.0% 🟢)	1.786s (+140.6% 🔺)	5.690s (-12.2% 🟢)	3.479s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.310s (-66.3% 🟢)	3.317s (-61.7% 🟢)	2.218s (+251.0% 🔺)	6.101s (-37.7% 🟢)	3.791s	10	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.510s (+141.9% 🔺)	2.004s (+99.0% 🔺)	0.004s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.027s (+98.2% 🔺)	0.517s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.535s (+143.7% 🔺)	2.003s (+99.0% 🔺)	0.004s (+1.8%)	2.026s (+98.1% 🔺)	0.491s	30	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.539s (+103.2% 🔺)	2.012s (+95.5% 🔺)	0.011s (+13.7% 🔺)	2.025s (+94.7% 🔺)	0.486s	30	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.556s (+85.6% 🔺)	2.012s (+98.8% 🔺)	0.011s (+17.4% 🔺)	2.025s (+81.4% 🔺)	0.468s	30	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.590s	2.008s	0.003s	2.023s	0.433s	30	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.724s	2.011s	0.011s	2.026s	0.302s	30	1.14x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.802s (-10.8% 🟢)	7.158s (-10.6% 🟢)	0.277s (-32.2% 🟢)	7.932s (-10.2% 🟢)	2.130s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.093s (-64.0% 🟢)	7.492s (-58.9% 🟢)	0.246s (+16.4% 🔺)	8.250s (-56.4% 🟢)	2.157s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.194s (-79.0% 🟢)	7.563s (-75.5% 🟢)	0.282s (+151.5% 🔺)	8.361s (-73.7% 🟢)	2.167s	8	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.647s (-33.2% 🟢)	1.015s (-18.7% 🟢)	0.000s (-18.6% 🟢)	1.031s (-18.0% 🟢)	0.384s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.683s (-28.9% 🟢)	1.014s (-20.7% 🟢)	0.000s (-60.3% 🟢)	1.049s (-19.7% 🟢)	0.366s	58	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.722s	1.053s	0.000s	1.060s	0.338s	57	1.12x
💻 Local	Express	1.353s (+10.5% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.001s (+90.0% 🔺)	2.018s (~)	0.665s	30	2.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.411s (+15.4% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.000s (+200.0% 🔺)	2.018s (~)	0.607s	30	2.18x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.512s	2.016s	0.001s	2.020s	0.508s	30	2.34x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.866s (+3.4%)	5.163s (+1.2%)	0.001s (+200.0% 🔺)	5.680s (+2.7%)	1.814s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.896s (-61.7% 🟢)	5.280s (-54.2% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.771s (-52.1% 🟢)	1.874s	11	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.235s (+38.8% 🔺)	5.740s (+30.7% 🔺)	0.000s (+290.0% 🔺)	6.253s (+30.0% 🔺)	2.018s	10	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.366s (-22.9% 🟢)	2.101s (-3.5%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.114s (-3.8%)	0.749s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.375s (-23.3% 🟢)	2.030s (-5.2% 🟢)	0.000s (+93.1% 🔺)	2.072s (-4.7%)	0.698s	29	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.450s	2.069s	0.000s	2.087s	0.637s	30	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	3.091s (-10.8% 🟢)	3.843s (-4.7%)	0.000s (-45.3% 🟢)	3.845s (-4.7%)	0.754s	16	2.26x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.192s	3.675s	0.001s	3.683s	0.491s	17	2.34x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.229s (-4.7%)	3.968s (-1.6%)	0.001s (+17.2% 🔺)	3.971s (-1.6%)	0.742s	16	2.36x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.474s (+33.7% 🔺)	6.902s (+28.4% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	7.394s (+27.6% 🔺)	1.920s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.842s (+4.0%)	7.272s (+4.2%)	0.000s (~)	7.808s (+3.6%)	1.966s	8	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	12/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	16/21
▲ Vercel	Express	10/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	19/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	20/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	17/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1222	0	219	1441
✅ 💻 Local Development	1615	0	219	1834
✅ 📦 Local Production	1615	0	219	1834
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1615	0	219	1834
✅ 🪟 Windows	131	0	0	131
✅ 📋 Other	741	0	176	917
Total	6939	0	1052	7991

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	105	0	26
✅ example	105	0	26
✅ express	105	0	26
✅ fastify	105	0	26
✅ hono	105	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	129	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	129	0	2
✅ nitro	105	0	26
✅ nuxt	105	0	26
✅ sveltekit	124	0	7
✅ vite	105	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	106	0	25
✅ express-stable	106	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	106	0	25
✅ hono-stable	106	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	106	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	106	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	125	0	6
✅ vite-stable	106	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	106	0	25
✅ express-stable	106	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	106	0	25
✅ hono-stable	106	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	106	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	106	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	125	0	6
✅ vite-stable	106	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	106	0	25
✅ express-stable	106	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	106	0	25
✅ hono-stable	106	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	106	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	106	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	125	0	6
✅ vite-stable	106	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	131	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	106	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	105	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

[karthikscale3]

LGMT

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2089. (backport job run)

[VaguelySerious]

• The "Queued for" time in the Events tab was wrong for any step that retried: it showed the time from step_created to the laststep_started instead of the first.
• A retried step emits multiple step_started events with the same correlationId; buildDurationMap in event-list-view.tsx overwrote info.queued on every one of them.
• Anchor the queued duration on the first step_started for each correlation, and sort events chronologically inside the helper so its output no longer depends on the caller's sort direction (the events tab supports asc/desc and the descending path produced negative-ish garbage in some cases).

Trace viewer

Investigated both components/trace-viewer/ and components/new-trace-viewer/. Both compute the queued segment from the first chronologically-sorted mark (marks[0]) — they are not affected by this bug.

[vercel]

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Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: b085023

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.031s (-27.6% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.975s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.032s (-28.9% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.975s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.049s	1.005s	0.956s	10	1.58x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.051s (-11.7% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.961s	10	1.64x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.052s	1.011s	0.959s	10	1.66x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.053s (-44.1% 🟢)	1.012s (-3.0%)	0.959s	10	1.71x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.266s (+13.0% 🔺)	2.434s (+14.0% 🔺)	2.168s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.285s (+13.2% 🔺)	2.690s (+15.3% 🔺)	2.406s	10	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.316s (-22.9% 🟢)	2.433s (-3.1%)	2.117s	10	1.19x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.074s (-5.1% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.932s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.080s (-4.0%)	2.007s (~)	0.926s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.088s (-4.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.923s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.089s (-5.1% 🟢)	2.009s (~)	0.921s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.104s	2.010s	0.906s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.108s	2.007s	0.898s	10	1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.631s (-13.0% 🟢)	3.686s (-3.2%)	2.055s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.636s (-19.6% 🟢)	3.792s (-1.0%)	2.155s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.665s (-57.2% 🟢)	3.915s (-33.7% 🟢)	2.250s	10	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	10.415s (-4.2%)	11.014s (~)	0.599s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.424s (-4.9%)	11.017s (~)	0.593s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.440s (-4.6%)	11.022s (~)	0.582s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.461s (-4.2%)	11.023s (~)	0.562s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.542s	11.018s	0.476s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.658s	11.023s	0.365s	3	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.194s (-22.3% 🟢)	14.995s (-25.1% 🟢)	1.801s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.268s (-23.4% 🟢)	15.057s (-22.4% 🟢)	1.788s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	13.313s (-43.9% 🟢)	15.580s (-38.0% 🟢)	2.268s	2	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.492s (-7.5% 🟢)	14.018s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.526s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.492s (-10.4% 🟢)	14.027s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.535s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.495s (-7.5% 🟢)	14.017s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.522s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	13.554s (-9.5% 🟢)	14.028s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.474s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.865s	14.216s	0.352s	5	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.062s	15.030s	0.969s	4	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	20.881s (-60.3% 🟢)	23.195s (-57.5% 🟢)	2.314s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	21.461s (-57.3% 🟢)	23.623s (-55.1% 🟢)	2.162s	3	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	21.977s (-65.9% 🟢)	23.875s (-64.2% 🟢)	1.898s	3	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	11.977s (-28.6% 🟢)	12.272s (-27.9% 🟢)	0.295s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	11.977s (-14.2% 🟢)	12.393s (-13.4% 🟢)	0.416s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.014s (-14.2% 🟢)	12.519s (-14.2% 🟢)	0.505s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	12.217s (-26.4% 🟢)	12.884s (-24.3% 🟢)	0.667s	7	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.585s	13.019s	0.433s	7	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.017s	13.453s	0.436s	7	1.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	30.938s (-92.1% 🟢)	32.869s (-91.7% 🟢)	1.931s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	31.835s (-73.7% 🟢)	33.923s (-72.6% 🟢)	2.088s	3	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	32.394s (-92.3% 🟢)	34.666s (-91.8% 🟢)	2.272s	3	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.143s (-10.3% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.864s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.149s (-8.8% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.858s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.174s (-28.1% 🟢)	2.007s (-3.3%)	0.833s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.182s	2.007s	0.825s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.197s (-19.6% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.810s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.271s	2.006s	0.735s	15	1.11x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.489s (-11.7% 🟢)	3.924s (-9.2% 🟢)	1.435s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.563s (-24.6% 🟢)	4.212s (-14.6% 🟢)	1.649s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.658s (-7.1% 🟢)	4.193s (-9.3% 🟢)	1.536s	8	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.197s (-49.1% 🟢)	2.006s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.809s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.214s (-48.6% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.794s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.290s	2.007s	0.717s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.742s	2.073s	0.331s	15	1.46x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.890s (-39.9% 🟢)	2.150s (-44.7% 🟢)	0.260s	14	1.58x
💻 Local	Express	2.115s (-28.4% 🟢)	2.470s (-28.5% 🟢)	0.355s	13	1.77x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.456s (-14.7% 🟢)	5.111s (-13.7% 🟢)	1.655s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.659s (-48.5% 🟢)	5.400s (-39.4% 🟢)	1.741s	6	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.692s (+2.0%)	5.470s (+7.0% 🔺)	1.777s	6	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.308s (-62.4% 🟢)	2.007s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.699s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.331s (-61.8% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.676s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.497s	2.007s	0.510s	15	1.14x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.893s	5.513s	0.620s	6	3.74x
💻 Local	Express	5.699s (-31.7% 🟢)	6.213s (-31.2% 🟢)	0.515s	5	4.36x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.763s (-31.0% 🟢)	6.215s (-31.1% 🟢)	0.452s	5	4.41x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.182s (+22.2% 🔺)	7.074s (+15.5% 🔺)	1.893s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.300s (+78.7% 🔺)	7.681s (+38.8% 🔺)	1.381s	4	1.22x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.500s (-27.1% 🟢)	8.384s (-23.5% 🟢)	1.884s	4	1.25x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.143s (-9.0% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.865s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.155s (-8.1% 🟢)	2.009s (~)	0.853s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.172s	2.008s	0.836s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.377s	2.006s	0.629s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.451s (-22.2% 🟢)	2.006s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.555s	15	1.27x
💻 Local	Express	1.464s (-22.7% 🟢)	2.007s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.543s	15	1.28x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.641s (+2.3%)	4.268s (-1.9%)	1.627s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.679s (-8.6% 🟢)	4.496s (-3.1%)	1.818s	7	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.720s (+10.6% 🔺)	4.079s (-2.2%)	1.359s	8	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.212s (-48.2% 🟢)	2.009s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.797s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.217s (-48.0% 🟢)	2.010s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.793s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.284s	2.007s	0.723s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.031s (-33.7% 🟢)	2.508s (-35.5% 🟢)	0.477s	12	1.68x
💻 Local	Express	2.099s (-33.0% 🟢)	2.592s (-31.1% 🟢)	0.493s	12	1.73x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.129s	3.008s	0.878s	10	1.76x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.588s (+14.2% 🔺)	5.282s (+16.8% 🔺)	1.694s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.995s (+23.6% 🔺)	5.785s (+14.0% 🔺)	1.790s	6	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.051s (+26.9% 🔺)	5.468s (+14.1% 🔺)	1.417s	6	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.332s (-61.9% 🟢)	2.009s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.676s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.338s (-61.6% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.670s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.500s	2.009s	0.509s	15	1.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.749s (-37.1% 🟢)	6.346s (-36.7% 🟢)	0.597s	6	4.31x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.897s	6.419s	0.522s	5	4.43x
💻 Local	Express	7.002s (-20.4% 🟢)	7.418s (-20.0% 🟢)	0.416s	5	5.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.032s (-21.6% 🟢)	7.251s (-11.3% 🟢)	2.219s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.409s (+25.8% 🔺)	8.314s (+22.0% 🔺)	1.905s	4	1.27x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.625s (-2.0%)	9.182s (+7.5% 🔺)	2.557s	4	1.32x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.463s (-43.6% 🟢)	1.023s (+1.7%)	0.561s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.467s (-44.3% 🟢)	1.007s (-1.6%)	0.540s	60	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.498s (-49.2% 🟢)	1.021s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.523s	59	1.08x
💻 Local	Express	0.514s (-47.7% 🟢)	1.005s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.491s	60	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.527s	1.006s	0.479s	60	1.14x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.789s	1.021s	0.232s	59	1.71x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.140s (-76.7% 🟢)	6.945s (-71.1% 🟢)	1.805s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.267s (-72.3% 🟢)	7.191s (-66.3% 🟢)	1.924s	9	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.325s (-63.3% 🟢)	7.449s (-53.7% 🟢)	2.124s	9	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.051s (-46.8% 🟢)	1.724s (-23.7% 🟢)	0.672s	53	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.108s (-42.5% 🟢)	1.944s (-7.5% 🟢)	0.836s	47	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.220s (-59.8% 🟢)	2.006s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.786s	45	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.236s	2.008s	0.772s	45	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	1.274s (-57.7% 🟢)	2.006s (-44.0% 🟢)	0.732s	45	1.21x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.905s	2.099s	0.194s	43	1.81x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	12.607s (-68.1% 🟢)	14.909s (-63.9% 🟢)	2.302s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	13.185s (-61.8% 🟢)	15.376s (-58.2% 🟢)	2.191s	6	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.294s (-73.3% 🟢)	15.467s (-70.1% 🟢)	2.173s	6	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.099s (-48.8% 🟢)	2.616s (-43.2% 🟢)	0.517s	46	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.127s (-46.7% 🟢)	2.735s (-37.4% 🟢)	0.608s	44	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.417s	3.008s	0.591s	40	1.15x
💻 Local	Express	2.725s (-70.4% 🟢)	3.008s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.283s	40	1.30x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.725s (-70.7% 🟢)	3.008s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.283s	40	1.30x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.028s	4.602s	0.574s	27	1.92x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	28.084s (-71.0% 🟢)	30.227s (-69.3% 🟢)	2.144s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	28.321s (-73.6% 🟢)	30.393s (-72.1% 🟢)	2.072s	4	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	28.462s (-78.1% 🟢)	30.840s (-76.7% 🟢)	2.378s	4	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.171s (-39.7% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.835s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.179s (-36.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.826s	60	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.207s	1.006s	0.799s	60	1.21x
💻 Local	Express	0.416s (-25.8% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.589s	60	2.43x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.418s (-30.9% 🟢)	1.004s (-1.7%)	0.587s	60	2.45x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.542s	1.005s	0.462s	60	3.18x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.451s (+47.6% 🔺)	4.333s (+29.3% 🔺)	1.882s	15	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.550s (+26.1% 🔺)	4.428s (+16.7% 🔺)	1.878s	14	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.780s (+42.3% 🔺)	4.642s (+27.6% 🔺)	1.861s	13	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.293s (-41.0% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.713s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.311s (-38.9% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.695s	90	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.397s	1.006s	0.609s	90	1.36x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.116s (-16.6% 🟢)	2.796s (-7.1% 🟢)	0.680s	33	7.23x
💻 Local	Express	2.136s (-15.0% 🟢)	2.736s (-9.1% 🟢)	0.600s	33	7.30x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.239s	2.947s	0.708s	31	7.65x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.665s (+85.9% 🔺)	7.279s (+51.4% 🔺)	1.614s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.891s (+94.9% 🔺)	8.835s (+70.1% 🔺)	1.944s	11	1.22x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	39.955s (+1138.6% 🔺)	41.777s (+766.4% 🔺)	1.822s	9	7.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.630s (-20.3% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.376s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.649s (-20.8% 🟢)	1.007s (-1.0%)	0.358s	120	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.757s	1.005s	0.249s	120	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	10.325s (-7.7% 🟢)	10.865s (-9.0% 🟢)	0.540s	12	16.39x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.418s (-6.9% 🟢)	10.936s (-6.2% 🟢)	0.518s	11	16.53x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.889s	11.756s	0.866s	11	17.28x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	14.258s (+38.1% 🔺)	16.604s (+35.1% 🔺)	2.346s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	15.411s (+99.6% 🔺)	17.215s (+83.1% 🔺)	1.804s	8	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Express	15.981s (+115.4% 🔺)	18.140s (+96.2% 🔺)	2.159s	7	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.133s (+452.6% 🔺)	1.997s (+99.8% 🔺)	0.001s (-6.7% 🟢)	2.009s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.876s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.136s (+431.6% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.013s (+8.0% 🔺)	2.021s (+98.4% 🔺)	0.885s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.145s (+458.4% 🔺)	1.999s (+100.2% 🔺)	0.001s (-18.8% 🟢)	2.012s (+98.9% 🔺)	0.866s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.162s	2.001s	0.001s	2.010s	0.848s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.166s (+485.7% 🔺)	2.006s (+99.7% 🔺)	0.013s (+7.4% 🔺)	2.021s (+98.5% 🔺)	0.855s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.173s	2.004s	0.011s	2.018s	0.844s	10	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.191s (-12.6% 🟢)	3.391s (-17.1% 🟢)	1.722s (+79.2% 🔺)	5.637s (+0.8%)	3.447s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.211s (-42.3% 🟢)	3.379s (-36.0% 🟢)	1.786s (+140.6% 🔺)	5.690s (-12.2% 🟢)	3.479s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.310s (-66.3% 🟢)	3.317s (-61.7% 🟢)	2.218s (+251.0% 🔺)	6.101s (-37.7% 🟢)	3.791s	10	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.510s (+141.9% 🔺)	2.004s (+99.0% 🔺)	0.004s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.027s (+98.2% 🔺)	0.517s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.535s (+143.7% 🔺)	2.003s (+99.0% 🔺)	0.004s (+1.8%)	2.026s (+98.1% 🔺)	0.491s	30	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.539s (+103.2% 🔺)	2.012s (+95.5% 🔺)	0.011s (+13.7% 🔺)	2.025s (+94.7% 🔺)	0.486s	30	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.556s (+85.6% 🔺)	2.012s (+98.8% 🔺)	0.011s (+17.4% 🔺)	2.025s (+81.4% 🔺)	0.468s	30	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.590s	2.008s	0.003s	2.023s	0.433s	30	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.724s	2.011s	0.011s	2.026s	0.302s	30	1.14x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.802s (-10.8% 🟢)	7.158s (-10.6% 🟢)	0.277s (-32.2% 🟢)	7.932s (-10.2% 🟢)	2.130s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.093s (-64.0% 🟢)	7.492s (-58.9% 🟢)	0.246s (+16.4% 🔺)	8.250s (-56.4% 🟢)	2.157s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.194s (-79.0% 🟢)	7.563s (-75.5% 🟢)	0.282s (+151.5% 🔺)	8.361s (-73.7% 🟢)	2.167s	8	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.647s (-33.2% 🟢)	1.015s (-18.7% 🟢)	0.000s (-18.6% 🟢)	1.031s (-18.0% 🟢)	0.384s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.683s (-28.9% 🟢)	1.014s (-20.7% 🟢)	0.000s (-60.3% 🟢)	1.049s (-19.7% 🟢)	0.366s	58	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.722s	1.053s	0.000s	1.060s	0.338s	57	1.12x
💻 Local	Express	1.353s (+10.5% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.001s (+90.0% 🔺)	2.018s (~)	0.665s	30	2.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.411s (+15.4% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.000s (+200.0% 🔺)	2.018s (~)	0.607s	30	2.18x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.512s	2.016s	0.001s	2.020s	0.508s	30	2.34x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.866s (+3.4%)	5.163s (+1.2%)	0.001s (+200.0% 🔺)	5.680s (+2.7%)	1.814s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.896s (-61.7% 🟢)	5.280s (-54.2% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.771s (-52.1% 🟢)	1.874s	11	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.235s (+38.8% 🔺)	5.740s (+30.7% 🔺)	0.000s (+290.0% 🔺)	6.253s (+30.0% 🔺)	2.018s	10	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.366s (-22.9% 🟢)	2.101s (-3.5%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.114s (-3.8%)	0.749s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.375s (-23.3% 🟢)	2.030s (-5.2% 🟢)	0.000s (+93.1% 🔺)	2.072s (-4.7%)	0.698s	29	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.450s	2.069s	0.000s	2.087s	0.637s	30	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	3.091s (-10.8% 🟢)	3.843s (-4.7%)	0.000s (-45.3% 🟢)	3.845s (-4.7%)	0.754s	16	2.26x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.192s	3.675s	0.001s	3.683s	0.491s	17	2.34x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.229s (-4.7%)	3.968s (-1.6%)	0.001s (+17.2% 🔺)	3.971s (-1.6%)	0.742s	16	2.36x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.474s (+33.7% 🔺)	6.902s (+28.4% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	7.394s (+27.6% 🔺)	1.920s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.842s (+4.0%)	7.272s (+4.2%)	0.000s (~)	7.808s (+3.6%)	1.966s	8	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	12/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	16/21
▲ Vercel	Express	10/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	19/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	20/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	17/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1222	0	219	1441
✅ 💻 Local Development	1615	0	219	1834
✅ 📦 Local Production	1615	0	219	1834
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1615	0	219	1834
✅ 🪟 Windows	131	0	0	131
✅ 📋 Other	741	0	176	917
Total	6939	0	1052	7991

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	105	0	26
✅ example	105	0	26
✅ express	105	0	26
✅ fastify	105	0	26
✅ hono	105	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	129	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	129	0	2
✅ nitro	105	0	26
✅ nuxt	105	0	26
✅ sveltekit	124	0	7
✅ vite	105	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	106	0	25
✅ express-stable	106	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	106	0	25
✅ hono-stable	106	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	106	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	106	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	125	0	6
✅ vite-stable	106	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	106	0	25
✅ express-stable	106	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	106	0	25
✅ hono-stable	106	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	106	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	106	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	125	0	6
✅ vite-stable	106	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	106	0	25
✅ express-stable	106	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	106	0	25
✅ hono-stable	106	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	106	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	106	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	125	0	6
✅ vite-stable	106	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	131	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	106	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	105	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

[karthikscale3]

LGMT

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2089. (backport job run)

[VaguelySerious]

• The "Queued for" time in the Events tab was wrong for any step that retried: it showed the time from step_created to the laststep_started instead of the first.
• A retried step emits multiple step_started events with the same correlationId; buildDurationMap in event-list-view.tsx overwrote info.queued on every one of them.
• Anchor the queued duration on the first step_started for each correlation, and sort events chronologically inside the helper so its output no longer depends on the caller's sort direction (the events tab supports asc/desc and the descending path produced negative-ish garbage in some cases).

Trace viewer

Investigated both components/trace-viewer/ and components/new-trace-viewer/. Both compute the queued segment from the first chronologically-sorted mark (marks[0]) — they are not affected by this bug.

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: b085023

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.031s (-27.6% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.975s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.032s (-28.9% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.975s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.049s	1.005s	0.956s	10	1.58x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.051s (-11.7% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.961s	10	1.64x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.052s	1.011s	0.959s	10	1.66x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.053s (-44.1% 🟢)	1.012s (-3.0%)	0.959s	10	1.71x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.266s (+13.0% 🔺)	2.434s (+14.0% 🔺)	2.168s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.285s (+13.2% 🔺)	2.690s (+15.3% 🔺)	2.406s	10	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.316s (-22.9% 🟢)	2.433s (-3.1%)	2.117s	10	1.19x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.074s (-5.1% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.932s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.080s (-4.0%)	2.007s (~)	0.926s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.088s (-4.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.923s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.089s (-5.1% 🟢)	2.009s (~)	0.921s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.104s	2.010s	0.906s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.108s	2.007s	0.898s	10	1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.631s (-13.0% 🟢)	3.686s (-3.2%)	2.055s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.636s (-19.6% 🟢)	3.792s (-1.0%)	2.155s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.665s (-57.2% 🟢)	3.915s (-33.7% 🟢)	2.250s	10	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	10.415s (-4.2%)	11.014s (~)	0.599s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.424s (-4.9%)	11.017s (~)	0.593s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.440s (-4.6%)	11.022s (~)	0.582s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.461s (-4.2%)	11.023s (~)	0.562s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.542s	11.018s	0.476s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.658s	11.023s	0.365s	3	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.194s (-22.3% 🟢)	14.995s (-25.1% 🟢)	1.801s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.268s (-23.4% 🟢)	15.057s (-22.4% 🟢)	1.788s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	13.313s (-43.9% 🟢)	15.580s (-38.0% 🟢)	2.268s	2	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.492s (-7.5% 🟢)	14.018s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.526s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.492s (-10.4% 🟢)	14.027s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.535s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.495s (-7.5% 🟢)	14.017s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.522s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	13.554s (-9.5% 🟢)	14.028s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.474s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.865s	14.216s	0.352s	5	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.062s	15.030s	0.969s	4	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	20.881s (-60.3% 🟢)	23.195s (-57.5% 🟢)	2.314s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	21.461s (-57.3% 🟢)	23.623s (-55.1% 🟢)	2.162s	3	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	21.977s (-65.9% 🟢)	23.875s (-64.2% 🟢)	1.898s	3	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	11.977s (-28.6% 🟢)	12.272s (-27.9% 🟢)	0.295s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	11.977s (-14.2% 🟢)	12.393s (-13.4% 🟢)	0.416s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.014s (-14.2% 🟢)	12.519s (-14.2% 🟢)	0.505s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	12.217s (-26.4% 🟢)	12.884s (-24.3% 🟢)	0.667s	7	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.585s	13.019s	0.433s	7	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.017s	13.453s	0.436s	7	1.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	30.938s (-92.1% 🟢)	32.869s (-91.7% 🟢)	1.931s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	31.835s (-73.7% 🟢)	33.923s (-72.6% 🟢)	2.088s	3	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	32.394s (-92.3% 🟢)	34.666s (-91.8% 🟢)	2.272s	3	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.143s (-10.3% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.864s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.149s (-8.8% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.858s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.174s (-28.1% 🟢)	2.007s (-3.3%)	0.833s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.182s	2.007s	0.825s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.197s (-19.6% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.810s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.271s	2.006s	0.735s	15	1.11x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.489s (-11.7% 🟢)	3.924s (-9.2% 🟢)	1.435s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.563s (-24.6% 🟢)	4.212s (-14.6% 🟢)	1.649s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.658s (-7.1% 🟢)	4.193s (-9.3% 🟢)	1.536s	8	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.197s (-49.1% 🟢)	2.006s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.809s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.214s (-48.6% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.794s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.290s	2.007s	0.717s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.742s	2.073s	0.331s	15	1.46x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.890s (-39.9% 🟢)	2.150s (-44.7% 🟢)	0.260s	14	1.58x
💻 Local	Express	2.115s (-28.4% 🟢)	2.470s (-28.5% 🟢)	0.355s	13	1.77x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.456s (-14.7% 🟢)	5.111s (-13.7% 🟢)	1.655s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.659s (-48.5% 🟢)	5.400s (-39.4% 🟢)	1.741s	6	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.692s (+2.0%)	5.470s (+7.0% 🔺)	1.777s	6	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.308s (-62.4% 🟢)	2.007s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.699s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.331s (-61.8% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.676s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.497s	2.007s	0.510s	15	1.14x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.893s	5.513s	0.620s	6	3.74x
💻 Local	Express	5.699s (-31.7% 🟢)	6.213s (-31.2% 🟢)	0.515s	5	4.36x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.763s (-31.0% 🟢)	6.215s (-31.1% 🟢)	0.452s	5	4.41x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.182s (+22.2% 🔺)	7.074s (+15.5% 🔺)	1.893s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.300s (+78.7% 🔺)	7.681s (+38.8% 🔺)	1.381s	4	1.22x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.500s (-27.1% 🟢)	8.384s (-23.5% 🟢)	1.884s	4	1.25x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.143s (-9.0% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.865s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.155s (-8.1% 🟢)	2.009s (~)	0.853s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.172s	2.008s	0.836s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.377s	2.006s	0.629s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.451s (-22.2% 🟢)	2.006s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.555s	15	1.27x
💻 Local	Express	1.464s (-22.7% 🟢)	2.007s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.543s	15	1.28x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.641s (+2.3%)	4.268s (-1.9%)	1.627s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.679s (-8.6% 🟢)	4.496s (-3.1%)	1.818s	7	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.720s (+10.6% 🔺)	4.079s (-2.2%)	1.359s	8	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.212s (-48.2% 🟢)	2.009s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.797s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.217s (-48.0% 🟢)	2.010s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.793s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.284s	2.007s	0.723s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.031s (-33.7% 🟢)	2.508s (-35.5% 🟢)	0.477s	12	1.68x
💻 Local	Express	2.099s (-33.0% 🟢)	2.592s (-31.1% 🟢)	0.493s	12	1.73x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.129s	3.008s	0.878s	10	1.76x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.588s (+14.2% 🔺)	5.282s (+16.8% 🔺)	1.694s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.995s (+23.6% 🔺)	5.785s (+14.0% 🔺)	1.790s	6	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.051s (+26.9% 🔺)	5.468s (+14.1% 🔺)	1.417s	6	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.332s (-61.9% 🟢)	2.009s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.676s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.338s (-61.6% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.670s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.500s	2.009s	0.509s	15	1.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.749s (-37.1% 🟢)	6.346s (-36.7% 🟢)	0.597s	6	4.31x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.897s	6.419s	0.522s	5	4.43x
💻 Local	Express	7.002s (-20.4% 🟢)	7.418s (-20.0% 🟢)	0.416s	5	5.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.032s (-21.6% 🟢)	7.251s (-11.3% 🟢)	2.219s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.409s (+25.8% 🔺)	8.314s (+22.0% 🔺)	1.905s	4	1.27x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.625s (-2.0%)	9.182s (+7.5% 🔺)	2.557s	4	1.32x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.463s (-43.6% 🟢)	1.023s (+1.7%)	0.561s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.467s (-44.3% 🟢)	1.007s (-1.6%)	0.540s	60	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.498s (-49.2% 🟢)	1.021s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.523s	59	1.08x
💻 Local	Express	0.514s (-47.7% 🟢)	1.005s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.491s	60	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.527s	1.006s	0.479s	60	1.14x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.789s	1.021s	0.232s	59	1.71x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.140s (-76.7% 🟢)	6.945s (-71.1% 🟢)	1.805s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.267s (-72.3% 🟢)	7.191s (-66.3% 🟢)	1.924s	9	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.325s (-63.3% 🟢)	7.449s (-53.7% 🟢)	2.124s	9	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.051s (-46.8% 🟢)	1.724s (-23.7% 🟢)	0.672s	53	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.108s (-42.5% 🟢)	1.944s (-7.5% 🟢)	0.836s	47	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.220s (-59.8% 🟢)	2.006s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.786s	45	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.236s	2.008s	0.772s	45	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	1.274s (-57.7% 🟢)	2.006s (-44.0% 🟢)	0.732s	45	1.21x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.905s	2.099s	0.194s	43	1.81x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	12.607s (-68.1% 🟢)	14.909s (-63.9% 🟢)	2.302s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	13.185s (-61.8% 🟢)	15.376s (-58.2% 🟢)	2.191s	6	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.294s (-73.3% 🟢)	15.467s (-70.1% 🟢)	2.173s	6	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.099s (-48.8% 🟢)	2.616s (-43.2% 🟢)	0.517s	46	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.127s (-46.7% 🟢)	2.735s (-37.4% 🟢)	0.608s	44	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.417s	3.008s	0.591s	40	1.15x
💻 Local	Express	2.725s (-70.4% 🟢)	3.008s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.283s	40	1.30x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.725s (-70.7% 🟢)	3.008s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.283s	40	1.30x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.028s	4.602s	0.574s	27	1.92x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	28.084s (-71.0% 🟢)	30.227s (-69.3% 🟢)	2.144s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	28.321s (-73.6% 🟢)	30.393s (-72.1% 🟢)	2.072s	4	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	28.462s (-78.1% 🟢)	30.840s (-76.7% 🟢)	2.378s	4	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.171s (-39.7% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.835s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.179s (-36.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.826s	60	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.207s	1.006s	0.799s	60	1.21x
💻 Local	Express	0.416s (-25.8% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.589s	60	2.43x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.418s (-30.9% 🟢)	1.004s (-1.7%)	0.587s	60	2.45x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.542s	1.005s	0.462s	60	3.18x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.451s (+47.6% 🔺)	4.333s (+29.3% 🔺)	1.882s	15	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.550s (+26.1% 🔺)	4.428s (+16.7% 🔺)	1.878s	14	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.780s (+42.3% 🔺)	4.642s (+27.6% 🔺)	1.861s	13	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.293s (-41.0% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.713s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.311s (-38.9% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.695s	90	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.397s	1.006s	0.609s	90	1.36x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.116s (-16.6% 🟢)	2.796s (-7.1% 🟢)	0.680s	33	7.23x
💻 Local	Express	2.136s (-15.0% 🟢)	2.736s (-9.1% 🟢)	0.600s	33	7.30x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.239s	2.947s	0.708s	31	7.65x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.665s (+85.9% 🔺)	7.279s (+51.4% 🔺)	1.614s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.891s (+94.9% 🔺)	8.835s (+70.1% 🔺)	1.944s	11	1.22x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	39.955s (+1138.6% 🔺)	41.777s (+766.4% 🔺)	1.822s	9	7.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.630s (-20.3% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.376s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.649s (-20.8% 🟢)	1.007s (-1.0%)	0.358s	120	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.757s	1.005s	0.249s	120	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	10.325s (-7.7% 🟢)	10.865s (-9.0% 🟢)	0.540s	12	16.39x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.418s (-6.9% 🟢)	10.936s (-6.2% 🟢)	0.518s	11	16.53x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.889s	11.756s	0.866s	11	17.28x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	14.258s (+38.1% 🔺)	16.604s (+35.1% 🔺)	2.346s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	15.411s (+99.6% 🔺)	17.215s (+83.1% 🔺)	1.804s	8	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Express	15.981s (+115.4% 🔺)	18.140s (+96.2% 🔺)	2.159s	7	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.133s (+452.6% 🔺)	1.997s (+99.8% 🔺)	0.001s (-6.7% 🟢)	2.009s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.876s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.136s (+431.6% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.013s (+8.0% 🔺)	2.021s (+98.4% 🔺)	0.885s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.145s (+458.4% 🔺)	1.999s (+100.2% 🔺)	0.001s (-18.8% 🟢)	2.012s (+98.9% 🔺)	0.866s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.162s	2.001s	0.001s	2.010s	0.848s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.166s (+485.7% 🔺)	2.006s (+99.7% 🔺)	0.013s (+7.4% 🔺)	2.021s (+98.5% 🔺)	0.855s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.173s	2.004s	0.011s	2.018s	0.844s	10	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.191s (-12.6% 🟢)	3.391s (-17.1% 🟢)	1.722s (+79.2% 🔺)	5.637s (+0.8%)	3.447s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.211s (-42.3% 🟢)	3.379s (-36.0% 🟢)	1.786s (+140.6% 🔺)	5.690s (-12.2% 🟢)	3.479s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.310s (-66.3% 🟢)	3.317s (-61.7% 🟢)	2.218s (+251.0% 🔺)	6.101s (-37.7% 🟢)	3.791s	10	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.510s (+141.9% 🔺)	2.004s (+99.0% 🔺)	0.004s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.027s (+98.2% 🔺)	0.517s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.535s (+143.7% 🔺)	2.003s (+99.0% 🔺)	0.004s (+1.8%)	2.026s (+98.1% 🔺)	0.491s	30	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.539s (+103.2% 🔺)	2.012s (+95.5% 🔺)	0.011s (+13.7% 🔺)	2.025s (+94.7% 🔺)	0.486s	30	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.556s (+85.6% 🔺)	2.012s (+98.8% 🔺)	0.011s (+17.4% 🔺)	2.025s (+81.4% 🔺)	0.468s	30	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.590s	2.008s	0.003s	2.023s	0.433s	30	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.724s	2.011s	0.011s	2.026s	0.302s	30	1.14x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.802s (-10.8% 🟢)	7.158s (-10.6% 🟢)	0.277s (-32.2% 🟢)	7.932s (-10.2% 🟢)	2.130s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.093s (-64.0% 🟢)	7.492s (-58.9% 🟢)	0.246s (+16.4% 🔺)	8.250s (-56.4% 🟢)	2.157s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.194s (-79.0% 🟢)	7.563s (-75.5% 🟢)	0.282s (+151.5% 🔺)	8.361s (-73.7% 🟢)	2.167s	8	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.647s (-33.2% 🟢)	1.015s (-18.7% 🟢)	0.000s (-18.6% 🟢)	1.031s (-18.0% 🟢)	0.384s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.683s (-28.9% 🟢)	1.014s (-20.7% 🟢)	0.000s (-60.3% 🟢)	1.049s (-19.7% 🟢)	0.366s	58	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.722s	1.053s	0.000s	1.060s	0.338s	57	1.12x
💻 Local	Express	1.353s (+10.5% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.001s (+90.0% 🔺)	2.018s (~)	0.665s	30	2.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.411s (+15.4% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.000s (+200.0% 🔺)	2.018s (~)	0.607s	30	2.18x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.512s	2.016s	0.001s	2.020s	0.508s	30	2.34x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.866s (+3.4%)	5.163s (+1.2%)	0.001s (+200.0% 🔺)	5.680s (+2.7%)	1.814s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.896s (-61.7% 🟢)	5.280s (-54.2% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.771s (-52.1% 🟢)	1.874s	11	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.235s (+38.8% 🔺)	5.740s (+30.7% 🔺)	0.000s (+290.0% 🔺)	6.253s (+30.0% 🔺)	2.018s	10	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.366s (-22.9% 🟢)	2.101s (-3.5%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.114s (-3.8%)	0.749s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.375s (-23.3% 🟢)	2.030s (-5.2% 🟢)	0.000s (+93.1% 🔺)	2.072s (-4.7%)	0.698s	29	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.450s	2.069s	0.000s	2.087s	0.637s	30	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	3.091s (-10.8% 🟢)	3.843s (-4.7%)	0.000s (-45.3% 🟢)	3.845s (-4.7%)	0.754s	16	2.26x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.192s	3.675s	0.001s	3.683s	0.491s	17	2.34x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.229s (-4.7%)	3.968s (-1.6%)	0.001s (+17.2% 🔺)	3.971s (-1.6%)	0.742s	16	2.36x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.474s (+33.7% 🔺)	6.902s (+28.4% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	7.394s (+27.6% 🔺)	1.920s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.842s (+4.0%)	7.272s (+4.2%)	0.000s (~)	7.808s (+3.6%)	1.966s	8	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	12/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	16/21
▲ Vercel	Express	10/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	19/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	20/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	17/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1222	0	219	1441
✅ 💻 Local Development	1615	0	219	1834
✅ 📦 Local Production	1615	0	219	1834
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1615	0	219	1834
✅ 🪟 Windows	131	0	0	131
✅ 📋 Other	741	0	176	917
Total	6939	0	1052	7991

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	105	0	26
✅ example	105	0	26
✅ express	105	0	26
✅ fastify	105	0	26
✅ hono	105	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	129	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	129	0	2
✅ nitro	105	0	26
✅ nuxt	105	0	26
✅ sveltekit	124	0	7
✅ vite	105	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	106	0	25
✅ express-stable	106	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	106	0	25
✅ hono-stable	106	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	106	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	106	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	125	0	6
✅ vite-stable	106	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	106	0	25
✅ express-stable	106	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	106	0	25
✅ hono-stable	106	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	106	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	106	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	125	0	6
✅ vite-stable	106	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	106	0	25
✅ express-stable	106	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	106	0	25
✅ hono-stable	106	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	106	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	106	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	125	0	6
✅ vite-stable	106	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	131	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	106	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	105	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

[karthikscale3]

LGMT

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2089. (backport job run)

[VaguelySerious]

• The "Queued for" time in the Events tab was wrong for any step that retried: it showed the time from step_created to the laststep_started instead of the first.
• A retried step emits multiple step_started events with the same correlationId; buildDurationMap in event-list-view.tsx overwrote info.queued on every one of them.
• Anchor the queued duration on the first step_started for each correlation, and sort events chronologically inside the helper so its output no longer depends on the caller's sort direction (the events tab supports asc/desc and the descending path produced negative-ish garbage in some cases).

Trace viewer

Investigated both components/trace-viewer/ and components/new-trace-viewer/. Both compute the queued segment from the first chronologically-sorted mark (marks[0]) — they are not affected by this bug.

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 22, 2026 3:08pm

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: b085023

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.031s (-27.6% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.975s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.032s (-28.9% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.975s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.049s	1.005s	0.956s	10	1.58x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.051s (-11.7% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.961s	10	1.64x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.052s	1.011s	0.959s	10	1.66x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.053s (-44.1% 🟢)	1.012s (-3.0%)	0.959s	10	1.71x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.266s (+13.0% 🔺)	2.434s (+14.0% 🔺)	2.168s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.285s (+13.2% 🔺)	2.690s (+15.3% 🔺)	2.406s	10	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.316s (-22.9% 🟢)	2.433s (-3.1%)	2.117s	10	1.19x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.074s (-5.1% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.932s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.080s (-4.0%)	2.007s (~)	0.926s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.088s (-4.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.923s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.089s (-5.1% 🟢)	2.009s (~)	0.921s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.104s	2.010s	0.906s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.108s	2.007s	0.898s	10	1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.631s (-13.0% 🟢)	3.686s (-3.2%)	2.055s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.636s (-19.6% 🟢)	3.792s (-1.0%)	2.155s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.665s (-57.2% 🟢)	3.915s (-33.7% 🟢)	2.250s	10	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	10.415s (-4.2%)	11.014s (~)	0.599s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.424s (-4.9%)	11.017s (~)	0.593s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.440s (-4.6%)	11.022s (~)	0.582s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.461s (-4.2%)	11.023s (~)	0.562s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.542s	11.018s	0.476s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.658s	11.023s	0.365s	3	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.194s (-22.3% 🟢)	14.995s (-25.1% 🟢)	1.801s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.268s (-23.4% 🟢)	15.057s (-22.4% 🟢)	1.788s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	13.313s (-43.9% 🟢)	15.580s (-38.0% 🟢)	2.268s	2	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.492s (-7.5% 🟢)	14.018s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.526s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.492s (-10.4% 🟢)	14.027s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.535s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.495s (-7.5% 🟢)	14.017s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.522s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	13.554s (-9.5% 🟢)	14.028s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.474s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.865s	14.216s	0.352s	5	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.062s	15.030s	0.969s	4	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	20.881s (-60.3% 🟢)	23.195s (-57.5% 🟢)	2.314s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	21.461s (-57.3% 🟢)	23.623s (-55.1% 🟢)	2.162s	3	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	21.977s (-65.9% 🟢)	23.875s (-64.2% 🟢)	1.898s	3	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	11.977s (-28.6% 🟢)	12.272s (-27.9% 🟢)	0.295s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	11.977s (-14.2% 🟢)	12.393s (-13.4% 🟢)	0.416s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.014s (-14.2% 🟢)	12.519s (-14.2% 🟢)	0.505s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	12.217s (-26.4% 🟢)	12.884s (-24.3% 🟢)	0.667s	7	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.585s	13.019s	0.433s	7	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.017s	13.453s	0.436s	7	1.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	30.938s (-92.1% 🟢)	32.869s (-91.7% 🟢)	1.931s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	31.835s (-73.7% 🟢)	33.923s (-72.6% 🟢)	2.088s	3	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	32.394s (-92.3% 🟢)	34.666s (-91.8% 🟢)	2.272s	3	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.143s (-10.3% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.864s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.149s (-8.8% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.858s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.174s (-28.1% 🟢)	2.007s (-3.3%)	0.833s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.182s	2.007s	0.825s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.197s (-19.6% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.810s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.271s	2.006s	0.735s	15	1.11x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.489s (-11.7% 🟢)	3.924s (-9.2% 🟢)	1.435s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.563s (-24.6% 🟢)	4.212s (-14.6% 🟢)	1.649s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.658s (-7.1% 🟢)	4.193s (-9.3% 🟢)	1.536s	8	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.197s (-49.1% 🟢)	2.006s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.809s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.214s (-48.6% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.794s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.290s	2.007s	0.717s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.742s	2.073s	0.331s	15	1.46x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.890s (-39.9% 🟢)	2.150s (-44.7% 🟢)	0.260s	14	1.58x
💻 Local	Express	2.115s (-28.4% 🟢)	2.470s (-28.5% 🟢)	0.355s	13	1.77x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.456s (-14.7% 🟢)	5.111s (-13.7% 🟢)	1.655s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.659s (-48.5% 🟢)	5.400s (-39.4% 🟢)	1.741s	6	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.692s (+2.0%)	5.470s (+7.0% 🔺)	1.777s	6	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.308s (-62.4% 🟢)	2.007s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.699s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.331s (-61.8% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.676s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.497s	2.007s	0.510s	15	1.14x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.893s	5.513s	0.620s	6	3.74x
💻 Local	Express	5.699s (-31.7% 🟢)	6.213s (-31.2% 🟢)	0.515s	5	4.36x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.763s (-31.0% 🟢)	6.215s (-31.1% 🟢)	0.452s	5	4.41x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.182s (+22.2% 🔺)	7.074s (+15.5% 🔺)	1.893s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.300s (+78.7% 🔺)	7.681s (+38.8% 🔺)	1.381s	4	1.22x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.500s (-27.1% 🟢)	8.384s (-23.5% 🟢)	1.884s	4	1.25x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.143s (-9.0% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.865s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.155s (-8.1% 🟢)	2.009s (~)	0.853s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.172s	2.008s	0.836s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.377s	2.006s	0.629s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.451s (-22.2% 🟢)	2.006s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.555s	15	1.27x
💻 Local	Express	1.464s (-22.7% 🟢)	2.007s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.543s	15	1.28x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.641s (+2.3%)	4.268s (-1.9%)	1.627s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.679s (-8.6% 🟢)	4.496s (-3.1%)	1.818s	7	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.720s (+10.6% 🔺)	4.079s (-2.2%)	1.359s	8	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.212s (-48.2% 🟢)	2.009s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.797s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.217s (-48.0% 🟢)	2.010s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.793s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.284s	2.007s	0.723s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.031s (-33.7% 🟢)	2.508s (-35.5% 🟢)	0.477s	12	1.68x
💻 Local	Express	2.099s (-33.0% 🟢)	2.592s (-31.1% 🟢)	0.493s	12	1.73x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.129s	3.008s	0.878s	10	1.76x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.588s (+14.2% 🔺)	5.282s (+16.8% 🔺)	1.694s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.995s (+23.6% 🔺)	5.785s (+14.0% 🔺)	1.790s	6	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.051s (+26.9% 🔺)	5.468s (+14.1% 🔺)	1.417s	6	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.332s (-61.9% 🟢)	2.009s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.676s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.338s (-61.6% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.670s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.500s	2.009s	0.509s	15	1.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.749s (-37.1% 🟢)	6.346s (-36.7% 🟢)	0.597s	6	4.31x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.897s	6.419s	0.522s	5	4.43x
💻 Local	Express	7.002s (-20.4% 🟢)	7.418s (-20.0% 🟢)	0.416s	5	5.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.032s (-21.6% 🟢)	7.251s (-11.3% 🟢)	2.219s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.409s (+25.8% 🔺)	8.314s (+22.0% 🔺)	1.905s	4	1.27x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.625s (-2.0%)	9.182s (+7.5% 🔺)	2.557s	4	1.32x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.463s (-43.6% 🟢)	1.023s (+1.7%)	0.561s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.467s (-44.3% 🟢)	1.007s (-1.6%)	0.540s	60	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.498s (-49.2% 🟢)	1.021s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.523s	59	1.08x
💻 Local	Express	0.514s (-47.7% 🟢)	1.005s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.491s	60	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.527s	1.006s	0.479s	60	1.14x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.789s	1.021s	0.232s	59	1.71x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.140s (-76.7% 🟢)	6.945s (-71.1% 🟢)	1.805s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.267s (-72.3% 🟢)	7.191s (-66.3% 🟢)	1.924s	9	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.325s (-63.3% 🟢)	7.449s (-53.7% 🟢)	2.124s	9	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.051s (-46.8% 🟢)	1.724s (-23.7% 🟢)	0.672s	53	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.108s (-42.5% 🟢)	1.944s (-7.5% 🟢)	0.836s	47	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.220s (-59.8% 🟢)	2.006s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.786s	45	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.236s	2.008s	0.772s	45	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	1.274s (-57.7% 🟢)	2.006s (-44.0% 🟢)	0.732s	45	1.21x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.905s	2.099s	0.194s	43	1.81x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	12.607s (-68.1% 🟢)	14.909s (-63.9% 🟢)	2.302s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	13.185s (-61.8% 🟢)	15.376s (-58.2% 🟢)	2.191s	6	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.294s (-73.3% 🟢)	15.467s (-70.1% 🟢)	2.173s	6	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.099s (-48.8% 🟢)	2.616s (-43.2% 🟢)	0.517s	46	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.127s (-46.7% 🟢)	2.735s (-37.4% 🟢)	0.608s	44	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.417s	3.008s	0.591s	40	1.15x
💻 Local	Express	2.725s (-70.4% 🟢)	3.008s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.283s	40	1.30x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.725s (-70.7% 🟢)	3.008s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.283s	40	1.30x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.028s	4.602s	0.574s	27	1.92x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	28.084s (-71.0% 🟢)	30.227s (-69.3% 🟢)	2.144s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	28.321s (-73.6% 🟢)	30.393s (-72.1% 🟢)	2.072s	4	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	28.462s (-78.1% 🟢)	30.840s (-76.7% 🟢)	2.378s	4	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.171s (-39.7% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.835s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.179s (-36.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.826s	60	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.207s	1.006s	0.799s	60	1.21x
💻 Local	Express	0.416s (-25.8% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.589s	60	2.43x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.418s (-30.9% 🟢)	1.004s (-1.7%)	0.587s	60	2.45x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.542s	1.005s	0.462s	60	3.18x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.451s (+47.6% 🔺)	4.333s (+29.3% 🔺)	1.882s	15	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.550s (+26.1% 🔺)	4.428s (+16.7% 🔺)	1.878s	14	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.780s (+42.3% 🔺)	4.642s (+27.6% 🔺)	1.861s	13	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.293s (-41.0% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.713s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.311s (-38.9% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.695s	90	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.397s	1.006s	0.609s	90	1.36x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.116s (-16.6% 🟢)	2.796s (-7.1% 🟢)	0.680s	33	7.23x
💻 Local	Express	2.136s (-15.0% 🟢)	2.736s (-9.1% 🟢)	0.600s	33	7.30x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.239s	2.947s	0.708s	31	7.65x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.665s (+85.9% 🔺)	7.279s (+51.4% 🔺)	1.614s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.891s (+94.9% 🔺)	8.835s (+70.1% 🔺)	1.944s	11	1.22x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	39.955s (+1138.6% 🔺)	41.777s (+766.4% 🔺)	1.822s	9	7.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.630s (-20.3% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.376s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.649s (-20.8% 🟢)	1.007s (-1.0%)	0.358s	120	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.757s	1.005s	0.249s	120	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	10.325s (-7.7% 🟢)	10.865s (-9.0% 🟢)	0.540s	12	16.39x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.418s (-6.9% 🟢)	10.936s (-6.2% 🟢)	0.518s	11	16.53x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.889s	11.756s	0.866s	11	17.28x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	14.258s (+38.1% 🔺)	16.604s (+35.1% 🔺)	2.346s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	15.411s (+99.6% 🔺)	17.215s (+83.1% 🔺)	1.804s	8	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Express	15.981s (+115.4% 🔺)	18.140s (+96.2% 🔺)	2.159s	7	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.133s (+452.6% 🔺)	1.997s (+99.8% 🔺)	0.001s (-6.7% 🟢)	2.009s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.876s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.136s (+431.6% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.013s (+8.0% 🔺)	2.021s (+98.4% 🔺)	0.885s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.145s (+458.4% 🔺)	1.999s (+100.2% 🔺)	0.001s (-18.8% 🟢)	2.012s (+98.9% 🔺)	0.866s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.162s	2.001s	0.001s	2.010s	0.848s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.166s (+485.7% 🔺)	2.006s (+99.7% 🔺)	0.013s (+7.4% 🔺)	2.021s (+98.5% 🔺)	0.855s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.173s	2.004s	0.011s	2.018s	0.844s	10	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.191s (-12.6% 🟢)	3.391s (-17.1% 🟢)	1.722s (+79.2% 🔺)	5.637s (+0.8%)	3.447s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.211s (-42.3% 🟢)	3.379s (-36.0% 🟢)	1.786s (+140.6% 🔺)	5.690s (-12.2% 🟢)	3.479s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.310s (-66.3% 🟢)	3.317s (-61.7% 🟢)	2.218s (+251.0% 🔺)	6.101s (-37.7% 🟢)	3.791s	10	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.510s (+141.9% 🔺)	2.004s (+99.0% 🔺)	0.004s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.027s (+98.2% 🔺)	0.517s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.535s (+143.7% 🔺)	2.003s (+99.0% 🔺)	0.004s (+1.8%)	2.026s (+98.1% 🔺)	0.491s	30	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.539s (+103.2% 🔺)	2.012s (+95.5% 🔺)	0.011s (+13.7% 🔺)	2.025s (+94.7% 🔺)	0.486s	30	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.556s (+85.6% 🔺)	2.012s (+98.8% 🔺)	0.011s (+17.4% 🔺)	2.025s (+81.4% 🔺)	0.468s	30	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.590s	2.008s	0.003s	2.023s	0.433s	30	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.724s	2.011s	0.011s	2.026s	0.302s	30	1.14x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.802s (-10.8% 🟢)	7.158s (-10.6% 🟢)	0.277s (-32.2% 🟢)	7.932s (-10.2% 🟢)	2.130s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.093s (-64.0% 🟢)	7.492s (-58.9% 🟢)	0.246s (+16.4% 🔺)	8.250s (-56.4% 🟢)	2.157s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.194s (-79.0% 🟢)	7.563s (-75.5% 🟢)	0.282s (+151.5% 🔺)	8.361s (-73.7% 🟢)	2.167s	8	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.647s (-33.2% 🟢)	1.015s (-18.7% 🟢)	0.000s (-18.6% 🟢)	1.031s (-18.0% 🟢)	0.384s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.683s (-28.9% 🟢)	1.014s (-20.7% 🟢)	0.000s (-60.3% 🟢)	1.049s (-19.7% 🟢)	0.366s	58	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.722s	1.053s	0.000s	1.060s	0.338s	57	1.12x
💻 Local	Express	1.353s (+10.5% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.001s (+90.0% 🔺)	2.018s (~)	0.665s	30	2.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.411s (+15.4% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.000s (+200.0% 🔺)	2.018s (~)	0.607s	30	2.18x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.512s	2.016s	0.001s	2.020s	0.508s	30	2.34x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.866s (+3.4%)	5.163s (+1.2%)	0.001s (+200.0% 🔺)	5.680s (+2.7%)	1.814s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.896s (-61.7% 🟢)	5.280s (-54.2% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.771s (-52.1% 🟢)	1.874s	11	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.235s (+38.8% 🔺)	5.740s (+30.7% 🔺)	0.000s (+290.0% 🔺)	6.253s (+30.0% 🔺)	2.018s	10	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.366s (-22.9% 🟢)	2.101s (-3.5%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.114s (-3.8%)	0.749s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.375s (-23.3% 🟢)	2.030s (-5.2% 🟢)	0.000s (+93.1% 🔺)	2.072s (-4.7%)	0.698s	29	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.450s	2.069s	0.000s	2.087s	0.637s	30	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	3.091s (-10.8% 🟢)	3.843s (-4.7%)	0.000s (-45.3% 🟢)	3.845s (-4.7%)	0.754s	16	2.26x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.192s	3.675s	0.001s	3.683s	0.491s	17	2.34x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.229s (-4.7%)	3.968s (-1.6%)	0.001s (+17.2% 🔺)	3.971s (-1.6%)	0.742s	16	2.36x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.474s (+33.7% 🔺)	6.902s (+28.4% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	7.394s (+27.6% 🔺)	1.920s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.842s (+4.0%)	7.272s (+4.2%)	0.000s (~)	7.808s (+3.6%)	1.966s	8	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	12/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	16/21
▲ Vercel	Express	10/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	19/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	20/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	17/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

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🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1222	0	219	1441
✅ 💻 Local Development	1615	0	219	1834
✅ 📦 Local Production	1615	0	219	1834
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1615	0	219	1834
✅ 🪟 Windows	131	0	0	131
✅ 📋 Other	741	0	176	917
Total	6939	0	1052	7991

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	105	0	26
✅ example	105	0	26
✅ express	105	0	26
✅ fastify	105	0	26
✅ hono	105	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	129	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	129	0	2
✅ nitro	105	0	26
✅ nuxt	105	0	26
✅ sveltekit	124	0	7
✅ vite	105	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	106	0	25
✅ express-stable	106	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	106	0	25
✅ hono-stable	106	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	106	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	106	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	125	0	6
✅ vite-stable	106	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	106	0	25
✅ express-stable	106	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	106	0	25
✅ hono-stable	106	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	106	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	106	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	125	0	6
✅ vite-stable	106	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	106	0	25
✅ express-stable	106	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	106	0	25
✅ hono-stable	106	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	106	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	106	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	125	0	6
✅ vite-stable	106	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	131	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	106	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	105	0	26

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[karthikscale3]

LGMT

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2089. (backport job run)