Upgrade workspace to TypeScript 6

[NathanColosimo]

Summary

• Upgrade the workspace TypeScript catalog from 5.9.3 to 6.0.3 and refresh the pnpm lockfile.
• Apply the TS6 config migrations this repo needs: explicit rootDir where package source lives under src, target/types defaults in the shared base config, remove unnecessary baseUrl usage where tooling does not require it, and update old node module resolution where TS6 rejects it.
• Fix TS6 follow-on issues in package builds/tests:
  • use the public @workflow/core/runtime export instead of the dist path from @workflow/next
  • preserve RuntimeDecryptionError.context as an optional runtime property with declare
  • add a CSS module declaration for the web package
  • teach the docs typechecker to ignore TS6's missing side-effect-import diagnostic for intentionally unresolved app-local examples

Why TS6 here, not TS7 yet?

TypeScript 7.0 RC is available as the new native/Go compiler via typescript@rc, and Microsoft's RC post says it is intended to be stable and compatible for CLI/editor workflows. The important caveat for this repo is programmatic usage: the same post says a stable programmatic API is not expected until at least TypeScript 7.1, and recommends keeping TypeScript 6 available side-by-side for tooling that imports typescript directly.

This repository is not only invoking tsc; it imports and uses TypeScript APIs directly in a few places:

• packages/docs-typecheck/src/type-checker.ts uses ts.createProgram, compiler hosts, source files, and diagnostics.
• packages/typescript-plugin/src/index.ts imports typescript/lib/tsserverlibrary for the language service plugin.
• packages/web-shared/test/serializable-revivers.test.ts imports TypeScript AST/parser APIs in a test.

So this PR intentionally moves us to stable TS6 first. That gets the TS6 behavior changes out of the way, and it should make a later TS7 migration smaller once the programmatic/tsserver API story is stable enough for our direct usage.

Reference: https://devblogs.microsoft.com/typescript/announcing-typescript-7-0-rc/

Validation

• pnpm install --frozen-lockfile
• pnpm build
• pnpm typecheck
• pnpm test
• pnpm test:docs
• pnpm --filter @workflow/docs-typecheck build
• APP_NAME=nest pnpm vitest run packages/core/e2e/local-build.test.ts
• node --test ".github/scripts/**/*.test.js"
• pnpm changeset status --since=main
• pnpm exec lint-staged

Note: several upstream packages still declare TypeScript peer ranges that only mention 5.x, so pnpm prints peer warnings during install. The workspace build, typecheck, docs typecheck, and tests all pass against 6.0.3.

[changeset-bot]

⚠️ No Changeset found

Latest commit: 4a527a7

Merging this PR will not cause a version bump for any packages. If these changes should not result in a new version, you're good to go. If these changes should result in a version bump, you need to add a changeset.

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[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
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workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1442	0	230	1672
✅ 💻 Local Development	1605	0	219	1824
✅ 📦 Local Production	1605	0	219	1824
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1593	0	231	1824
✅ 🪟 Windows	152	0	0	152
✅ 📋 Other	885	0	179	1064
Total	7282	0	1078	8360

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	125	0	27
✅ example	125	0	27
✅ express	125	0	27
✅ fastify	125	0	27
✅ hono	125	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack	149	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack	149	0	3
✅ nitro	125	0	27
✅ nuxt	125	0	27
✅ sveltekit	144	0	8
✅ vite	125	0	27

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	127	0	25
✅ express-stable	127	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	127	0	25
✅ hono-stable	127	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	127	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	127	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	146	0	6
✅ vite-stable	127	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	127	0	25
✅ express-stable	127	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	127	0	25
✅ hono-stable	127	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	127	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	127	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	146	0	6
✅ vite-stable	127	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	126	0	26
✅ express-stable	126	0	26
✅ fastify-stable	126	0	26
✅ hono-stable	126	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	132	0	20
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	151	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	132	0	20
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	151	0	1
✅ nitro-stable	126	0	26
✅ nuxt-stable	126	0	26
✅ sveltekit-stable	145	0	7
✅ vite-stable	126	0	26

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	152	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	127	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	127	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	126	0	26
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	126	0	26
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	127	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	127	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	125	0	27

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.047s (-3.7%)	1.008s (~)	0.961s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.048s (-14.7% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.959s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.048s (+9.1% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.958s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.059s (-3.6%)	1.012s (~)	0.953s	10	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.063s (-4.4%)	1.013s (~)	0.950s	10	1.35x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.066s (+3.4%)	1.016s (~)	0.949s	10	1.42x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.216s (-16.6% 🟢)	1.415s (-32.7% 🟢)	1.198s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.278s (+31.9% 🔺)	2.270s (+12.4% 🔺)	1.992s	10	1.28x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.389s (+58.6% 🔺)	2.340s (-1.4%)	1.950s	10	1.80x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.080s (-1.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.926s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.086s (+0.5%)	2.007s (~)	0.921s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.087s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.919s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.095s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.915s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.096s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.915s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.105s (+0.9%)	2.010s (~)	0.904s	10	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.452s (+4.9%)	3.150s (+9.7% 🔺)	1.698s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.506s (+7.6% 🔺)	3.053s (-0.7%)	1.547s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.369s (+0.6%)	4.023s (+9.3% 🔺)	1.654s	10	1.63x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.445s (-0.5%)	11.022s (~)	0.577s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.457s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.564s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.459s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.564s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.483s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.540s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.491s (~)	11.019s (~)	0.528s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.506s (~)	11.018s (~)	0.512s	3	1.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	11.898s (+1.5%)	13.490s (-1.4%)	1.592s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	12.050s (+3.2%)	14.186s (+7.0% 🔺)	2.136s	3	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.419s (+2.0%)	15.130s (+1.7%)	1.710s	2	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	13.621s (-0.8%)	14.027s (~)	0.406s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.641s (~)	14.027s (~)	0.386s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	13.642s (~)	14.028s (~)	0.386s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.659s (+0.6%)	14.020s (~)	0.361s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.679s (~)	14.025s (~)	0.345s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.699s (+0.5%)	14.023s (~)	0.324s	5	1.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	17.041s (+3.7%)	19.329s (+7.1% 🔺)	2.288s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	17.106s (+5.2% 🔺)	18.446s (-1.0%)	1.340s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	18.472s (-1.4%)	20.342s (-1.0%)	1.870s	3	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	12.212s (~)	13.025s (~)	0.814s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.240s (+0.5%)	13.021s (~)	0.781s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.261s (-2.7%)	13.016s (-1.1%)	0.754s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.291s (-1.1%)	13.027s (~)	0.736s	7	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	12.385s (+1.7%)	13.026s (~)	0.640s	7	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.421s (+1.6%)	13.020s (~)	0.599s	7	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	20.062s (+12.0% 🔺)	21.766s (+10.3% 🔺)	1.704s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	20.529s (+16.1% 🔺)	22.574s (+17.8% 🔺)	2.045s	4	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	22.640s (+11.0% 🔺)	24.817s (+10.0% 🔺)	2.177s	4	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.190s (+0.7%)	2.008s (~)	0.818s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.191s (-1.4%)	2.008s (~)	0.817s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.199s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.808s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.418s (-0.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.588s	15	1.19x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.426s (+3.4%)	2.006s (~)	0.580s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.502s (-1.2%)	2.073s (+3.3%)	0.571s	15	1.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.121s (-3.6%)	3.883s (+11.0% 🔺)	1.763s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.453s (+7.6% 🔺)	3.971s (+3.2%)	1.518s	8	1.16x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.437s (+7.7% 🔺)	5.171s (+5.5% 🔺)	1.734s	6	1.62x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.317s (-0.8%)	2.592s (+8.3% 🔺)	1.275s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.326s (+0.6%)	2.827s (-3.2%)	1.501s	11	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.387s (+1.7%)	2.510s (+8.4% 🔺)	1.122s	12	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	2.454s (-10.4% 🟢)	3.109s (-3.1%)	0.655s	10	1.86x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.500s (~)	3.009s (+3.1%)	0.508s	10	1.90x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.509s (-2.3%)	3.109s (~)	0.600s	10	1.90x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.514s (+2.7%)	4.020s (+12.7% 🔺)	1.506s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.912s (+15.7% 🔺)	4.645s (+21.4% 🔺)	1.733s	7	1.16x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.281s (+19.6% 🔺)	6.000s (+13.0% 🔺)	1.719s	6	1.70x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.618s (+0.9%)	4.583s (+10.8% 🔺)	2.965s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.643s (+2.4%)	4.261s (+3.0%)	2.618s	8	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.216s (+8.6% 🔺)	6.015s (~)	2.799s	5	1.99x
💻 Local	Express	6.157s (-13.3% 🟢)	6.817s (-10.5% 🟢)	0.660s	5	3.80x
💻 Local	Nitro	6.167s (+7.5% 🔺)	6.616s (~)	0.450s	5	3.81x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.609s (-2.7%)	7.770s (+3.4%)	1.160s	4	4.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.346s (+24.2% 🔺)	5.095s (+12.7% 🔺)	1.749s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.356s (+25.2% 🔺)	5.112s (+13.2% 🔺)	1.757s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.673s (+39.7% 🔺)	7.625s (+27.8% 🔺)	1.953s	4	1.70x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.190s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.817s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.195s (-0.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.812s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.196s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.812s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.400s (-2.6%)	2.007s (~)	0.608s	15	1.18x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.441s (+6.8% 🔺)	2.007s (~)	0.566s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.445s (-2.6%)	2.007s (~)	0.562s	15	1.21x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.207s (+12.5% 🔺)	3.532s (-5.6% 🟢)	1.325s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.555s (+22.8% 🔺)	4.116s (+23.5% 🔺)	1.561s	8	1.16x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.399s (+10.5% 🔺)	5.244s (+10.0% 🔺)	1.845s	6	1.54x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.302s (-1.0%)	3.008s (~)	1.706s	11	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.356s (+2.8%)	2.592s (+8.3% 🔺)	1.237s	12	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.359s (+4.1%)	2.677s (+6.7% 🔺)	1.318s	12	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.518s (+1.8%)	3.210s (+6.7% 🔺)	0.692s	10	1.93x
💻 Local	Express	2.552s (+0.7%)	3.109s (-3.2%)	0.557s	10	1.96x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.613s (-2.9%)	3.210s (-4.0%)	0.597s	10	2.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.433s (+1.2%)	3.893s (+6.7% 🔺)	1.460s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.789s (+4.7%)	4.348s (+4.3%)	1.560s	7	1.15x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.089s (+21.9% 🔺)	6.434s (+28.2% 🔺)	2.345s	5	1.68x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.639s (+2.0%)	4.137s (~)	2.498s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.678s (+3.0%)	4.263s (+3.1%)	2.586s	8	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.979s (+16.1% 🔺)	5.848s (-2.8%)	2.869s	6	1.82x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.572s (-8.7% 🟢)	7.219s (-7.1% 🟢)	0.648s	5	4.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	6.853s (+12.7% 🔺)	7.768s (+14.0% 🔺)	0.916s	4	4.18x
💻 Local	Express	6.901s (-0.9%)	7.415s (-4.6%)	0.514s	5	4.21x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.955s (-2.5%)	4.831s (+3.2%)	1.876s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.147s (+4.9%)	4.821s (-2.0%)	1.674s	7	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.762s (+6.9% 🔺)	6.953s (+13.1% 🔺)	2.190s	5	1.61x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.560s (+1.6%)	1.006s (~)	0.446s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.568s (+3.5%)	1.024s (~)	0.456s	59	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	0.592s (~)	1.005s (~)	0.413s	60	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.600s (+11.1% 🔺)	1.041s (+1.7%)	0.441s	58	1.07x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.605s (+2.6%)	1.022s (~)	0.417s	59	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.646s (+3.7%)	1.022s (+1.7%)	0.376s	59	1.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.858s (+7.3% 🔺)	4.575s (+6.9% 🔺)	1.717s	14	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.063s (+21.9% 🔺)	5.004s (+24.8% 🔺)	1.941s	12	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.516s (+15.8% 🔺)	6.304s (+12.4% 🔺)	1.789s	10	1.58x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.334s (+3.0%)	2.007s (~)	0.673s	45	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.353s (+3.4%)	2.008s (~)	0.655s	45	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.385s (+7.8% 🔺)	2.007s (~)	0.622s	45	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.487s (+4.4%)	2.006s (~)	0.520s	45	1.11x
💻 Local	Express	1.504s (+2.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.502s	45	1.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.510s (-1.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.497s	45	1.13x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	7.075s (+18.5% 🔺)	8.916s (+22.9% 🔺)	1.841s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	7.667s (+27.3% 🔺)	9.299s (+21.5% 🔺)	1.632s	10	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.782s (+18.4% 🔺)	11.747s (+20.4% 🔺)	1.965s	8	1.38x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.742s (+1.4%)	3.086s (~)	0.344s	39	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.748s (+8.2% 🔺)	3.112s (+1.8%)	0.364s	39	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.769s (+7.5% 🔺)	3.137s (+1.7%)	0.368s	39	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.235s (+2.0%)	4.010s (+5.8% 🔺)	0.774s	30	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	3.265s (+1.6%)	4.010s (~)	0.745s	30	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.275s (-3.8%)	4.043s (~)	0.768s	30	1.19x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.591s (+16.5% 🔺)	15.837s (+19.8% 🔺)	2.246s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	13.965s (+15.9% 🔺)	15.791s (+14.9% 🔺)	1.826s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.951s (+28.2% 🔺)	23.116s (+26.5% 🔺)	2.165s	6	1.54x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.191s (+8.8% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.815s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.218s (+1.6%)	1.007s (~)	0.788s	60	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.222s (+3.3%)	1.006s (~)	0.785s	60	1.16x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.479s (+7.7% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.526s	60	2.50x
💻 Local	Express	0.481s (+9.7% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.524s	60	2.51x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.607s (-7.4% 🟢)	1.005s (-1.7%)	0.398s	60	3.18x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.142s (+10.0% 🔺)	2.557s (-2.5%)	1.415s	24	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.711s (+66.7% 🔺)	3.554s (+51.5% 🔺)	1.843s	17	1.50x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.437s (+16.7% 🔺)	3.940s (+4.3%)	1.503s	16	2.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.297s (+5.5% 🔺)	1.042s (+2.3%)	0.744s	87	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.332s (-0.5%)	1.006s (~)	0.674s	90	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.340s (+5.4% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.666s	90	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.165s (-1.0%)	2.736s (-2.1%)	0.571s	33	7.28x
💻 Local	Express	2.191s (+4.1%)	2.912s (+6.4% 🔺)	0.720s	31	7.37x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.693s (-4.1%)	3.181s (-10.4% 🟢)	0.488s	29	9.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.775s (+34.5% 🔺)	3.664s (+43.2% 🔺)	1.889s	25	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.928s (+45.0% 🔺)	3.772s (+34.4% 🔺)	1.844s	24	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.520s (+34.3% 🔺)	5.432s (+34.4% 🔺)	1.913s	17	1.98x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.520s (~)	1.059s (+2.7%)	0.539s	114	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.527s (~)	3.010s (-3.3%)	2.482s	40	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.549s (+3.6%)	1.128s (+7.5% 🔺)	0.579s	107	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.931s (-2.4%)	11.029s (-1.6%)	1.098s	11	19.10x
💻 Local	Express	9.952s (-1.1%)	11.030s (-1.6%)	1.078s	11	19.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.987s (+3.5%)	11.030s (+2.3%)	1.043s	11	19.21x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.081s (+2.5%)	3.979s (+1.2%)	1.898s	31	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.867s (+23.3% 🔺)	6.891s (+23.0% 🔺)	2.023s	18	2.34x
▲ Vercel	Express	106.469s (+5947.1% 🔺)	108.801s (+3065.2% 🔺)	2.331s	3	51.17x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.139s (-2.3%)	1.967s (~)	0.010s (-22.0% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.879s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.160s (~)	2.004s (~)	0.013s (+0.8%)	2.020s (~)	0.860s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.162s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.012s (+18.1% 🔺)	2.020s (~)	0.858s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.175s (+1.0%)	2.001s (~)	0.001s (-7.1% 🟢)	2.012s (~)	0.836s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.179s (+1.3%)	2.001s (~)	0.002s (+15.4% 🔺)	2.011s (~)	0.832s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.189s (+1.6%)	1.999s (~)	0.001s (+16.7% 🔺)	2.010s (~)	0.821s	10	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.971s (-2.6%)	3.486s (+6.3% 🔺)	1.881s (+10.6% 🔺)	5.797s (+5.3% 🔺)	3.826s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.971s (-1.3%)	3.449s (+17.0% 🔺)	1.758s (-15.1% 🟢)	5.699s (+3.4%)	3.728s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.887s (+8.3% 🔺)	4.531s (+14.9% 🔺)	1.832s (+27.8% 🔺)	7.595s (+9.7% 🔺)	3.708s	10	1.97x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.561s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.013s (+3.1%)	2.026s (~)	0.465s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.566s (-5.3% 🟢)	1.974s (-1.4%)	0.013s (+2.8%)	2.027s (-1.6%)	0.462s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.581s (+2.3%)	2.012s (~)	0.012s (-3.1%)	2.027s (~)	0.446s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.594s (+3.5%)	2.006s (~)	0.005s (+0.7%)	2.027s (~)	0.433s	30	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.608s (+2.8%)	2.004s (~)	0.005s (+2.8%)	2.026s (~)	0.418s	30	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.654s (~)	2.042s (+1.6%)	0.005s (-11.9% 🟢)	2.059s (+1.6%)	0.405s	30	1.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.816s (+4.5%)	7.332s (+7.0% 🔺)	0.315s (+45.9% 🔺)	8.250s (+10.2% 🔺)	2.434s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.096s (+8.1% 🔺)	7.618s (+7.1% 🔺)	0.259s (+11.6% 🔺)	8.310s (+6.0% 🔺)	2.214s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.790s (+17.1% 🔺)	11.922s (+15.0% 🔺)	0.253s (-52.4% 🟢)	13.272s (+11.6% 🔺)	2.482s	5	1.86x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.774s (+0.7%)	1.009s (-3.7%)	0.000s (+93.1% 🔺)	1.050s (-2.4%)	0.276s	58	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.808s (+5.3% 🔺)	1.062s (+1.6%)	0.000s (+1.8%)	1.092s (+3.0%)	0.284s	56	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.037s (-0.6%)	1.419s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.427s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.390s	43	1.34x
💻 Local	Express	1.219s (-5.8% 🟢)	2.013s (~)	0.000s (~)	2.016s (~)	0.796s	30	1.58x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.258s (-2.9%)	1.982s (-1.6%)	0.000s (-3.2%)	1.984s (-1.6%)	0.727s	31	1.62x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.365s (-3.2%)	1.981s (~)	0.000s (-46.2% 🟢)	2.016s (~)	0.652s	30	1.76x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.238s (+8.8% 🔺)	4.401s (+0.9%)	0.000s (-50.0% 🟢)	4.884s (~)	1.646s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.466s (+20.1% 🔺)	4.759s (+14.1% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	5.424s (+17.7% 🔺)	1.958s	12	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.312s (+18.5% 🔺)	6.120s (+12.4% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	7.252s (+15.5% 🔺)	1.940s	9	1.64x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.715s (+1.5%)	2.303s (~)	0.000s (+100.0% 🔺)	2.356s (+1.7%)	0.642s	26	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.821s (+3.8%)	2.493s (+8.9% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.530s (+9.8% 🔺)	0.709s	24	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.702s (-6.8% 🟢)	3.213s (-5.2% 🟢)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	3.221s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.519s	19	1.58x
💻 Local	Express	3.419s (-6.8% 🟢)	4.025s (-3.4%)	0.001s (+175.0% 🔺)	4.028s (-3.4%)	0.609s	15	1.99x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.498s (-4.1%)	3.930s (-4.7%)	0.001s (+25.0% 🔺)	3.976s (-4.7%)	0.477s	16	2.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.581s (-4.1%)	4.092s (-3.2%)	0.001s (+25.0% 🔺)	4.096s (-3.2%)	0.515s	15	2.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.643s (+8.6% 🔺)	6.287s (+14.7% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	6.766s (+14.2% 🔺)	2.123s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.820s (+11.9% 🔺)	6.065s (+6.0% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	6.510s (+4.7%)	1.691s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.287s (+28.8% 🔺)	9.448s (+34.2% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	10.669s (+30.6% 🔺)	2.383s	6	1.78x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	9/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	8/21
▲ Vercel	Express	11/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	15/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	15/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	14/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Platformatic: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[socket-security]

Review the following changes in direct dependencies. Learn more about Socket for GitHub.

Diff	Package	Supply Chain Security	Vulnerability	Quality	Maintenance	License
	npm/​typescript@​6.0.3

View full report

[VaguelySerious]

LGTM assuming CI passes

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2706. Merge conflicts were resolved by AI — please review carefully. (backport job run)

[NathanColosimo]

Summary

• Upgrade the workspace TypeScript catalog from 5.9.3 to 6.0.3 and refresh the pnpm lockfile.
• Apply the TS6 config migrations this repo needs: explicit rootDir where package source lives under src, target/types defaults in the shared base config, remove unnecessary baseUrl usage where tooling does not require it, and update old node module resolution where TS6 rejects it.
• Fix TS6 follow-on issues in package builds/tests:
  • use the public @workflow/core/runtime export instead of the dist path from @workflow/next
  • preserve RuntimeDecryptionError.context as an optional runtime property with declare
  • add a CSS module declaration for the web package
  • teach the docs typechecker to ignore TS6's missing side-effect-import diagnostic for intentionally unresolved app-local examples

Why TS6 here, not TS7 yet?

TypeScript 7.0 RC is available as the new native/Go compiler via typescript@rc, and Microsoft's RC post says it is intended to be stable and compatible for CLI/editor workflows. The important caveat for this repo is programmatic usage: the same post says a stable programmatic API is not expected until at least TypeScript 7.1, and recommends keeping TypeScript 6 available side-by-side for tooling that imports typescript directly.

This repository is not only invoking tsc; it imports and uses TypeScript APIs directly in a few places:

• packages/docs-typecheck/src/type-checker.ts uses ts.createProgram, compiler hosts, source files, and diagnostics.
• packages/typescript-plugin/src/index.ts imports typescript/lib/tsserverlibrary for the language service plugin.
• packages/web-shared/test/serializable-revivers.test.ts imports TypeScript AST/parser APIs in a test.

So this PR intentionally moves us to stable TS6 first. That gets the TS6 behavior changes out of the way, and it should make a later TS7 migration smaller once the programmatic/tsserver API story is stable enough for our direct usage.

Reference: https://devblogs.microsoft.com/typescript/announcing-typescript-7-0-rc/

Validation

• pnpm install --frozen-lockfile
• pnpm build
• pnpm typecheck
• pnpm test
• pnpm test:docs
• pnpm --filter @workflow/docs-typecheck build
• APP_NAME=nest pnpm vitest run packages/core/e2e/local-build.test.ts
• node --test ".github/scripts/**/*.test.js"
• pnpm changeset status --since=main
• pnpm exec lint-staged

Note: several upstream packages still declare TypeScript peer ranges that only mention 5.x, so pnpm prints peer warnings during install. The workspace build, typecheck, docs typecheck, and tests all pass against 6.0.3.

[changeset-bot]

⚠️ No Changeset found

Latest commit: 4a527a7

Merging this PR will not cause a version bump for any packages. If these changes should not result in a new version, you're good to go. If these changes should result in a version bump, you need to add a changeset.

This PR includes no changesets

When changesets are added to this PR, you'll see the packages that this PR includes changesets for and the associated semver types

Click here to learn what changesets are, and how to add one.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add a changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1442	0	230	1672
✅ 💻 Local Development	1605	0	219	1824
✅ 📦 Local Production	1605	0	219	1824
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1593	0	231	1824
✅ 🪟 Windows	152	0	0	152
✅ 📋 Other	885	0	179	1064
Total	7282	0	1078	8360

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	125	0	27
✅ example	125	0	27
✅ express	125	0	27
✅ fastify	125	0	27
✅ hono	125	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack	149	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack	149	0	3
✅ nitro	125	0	27
✅ nuxt	125	0	27
✅ sveltekit	144	0	8
✅ vite	125	0	27

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	127	0	25
✅ express-stable	127	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	127	0	25
✅ hono-stable	127	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	127	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	127	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	146	0	6
✅ vite-stable	127	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	127	0	25
✅ express-stable	127	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	127	0	25
✅ hono-stable	127	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	127	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	127	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	146	0	6
✅ vite-stable	127	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	126	0	26
✅ express-stable	126	0	26
✅ fastify-stable	126	0	26
✅ hono-stable	126	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	132	0	20
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	151	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	132	0	20
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	151	0	1
✅ nitro-stable	126	0	26
✅ nuxt-stable	126	0	26
✅ sveltekit-stable	145	0	7
✅ vite-stable	126	0	26

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	152	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	127	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	127	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	126	0	26
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	126	0	26
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	127	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	127	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	125	0	27

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.047s (-3.7%)	1.008s (~)	0.961s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.048s (-14.7% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.959s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.048s (+9.1% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.958s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.059s (-3.6%)	1.012s (~)	0.953s	10	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.063s (-4.4%)	1.013s (~)	0.950s	10	1.35x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.066s (+3.4%)	1.016s (~)	0.949s	10	1.42x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.216s (-16.6% 🟢)	1.415s (-32.7% 🟢)	1.198s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.278s (+31.9% 🔺)	2.270s (+12.4% 🔺)	1.992s	10	1.28x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.389s (+58.6% 🔺)	2.340s (-1.4%)	1.950s	10	1.80x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.080s (-1.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.926s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.086s (+0.5%)	2.007s (~)	0.921s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.087s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.919s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.095s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.915s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.096s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.915s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.105s (+0.9%)	2.010s (~)	0.904s	10	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.452s (+4.9%)	3.150s (+9.7% 🔺)	1.698s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.506s (+7.6% 🔺)	3.053s (-0.7%)	1.547s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.369s (+0.6%)	4.023s (+9.3% 🔺)	1.654s	10	1.63x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.445s (-0.5%)	11.022s (~)	0.577s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.457s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.564s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.459s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.564s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.483s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.540s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.491s (~)	11.019s (~)	0.528s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.506s (~)	11.018s (~)	0.512s	3	1.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	11.898s (+1.5%)	13.490s (-1.4%)	1.592s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	12.050s (+3.2%)	14.186s (+7.0% 🔺)	2.136s	3	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.419s (+2.0%)	15.130s (+1.7%)	1.710s	2	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	13.621s (-0.8%)	14.027s (~)	0.406s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.641s (~)	14.027s (~)	0.386s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	13.642s (~)	14.028s (~)	0.386s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.659s (+0.6%)	14.020s (~)	0.361s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.679s (~)	14.025s (~)	0.345s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.699s (+0.5%)	14.023s (~)	0.324s	5	1.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	17.041s (+3.7%)	19.329s (+7.1% 🔺)	2.288s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	17.106s (+5.2% 🔺)	18.446s (-1.0%)	1.340s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	18.472s (-1.4%)	20.342s (-1.0%)	1.870s	3	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	12.212s (~)	13.025s (~)	0.814s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.240s (+0.5%)	13.021s (~)	0.781s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.261s (-2.7%)	13.016s (-1.1%)	0.754s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.291s (-1.1%)	13.027s (~)	0.736s	7	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	12.385s (+1.7%)	13.026s (~)	0.640s	7	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.421s (+1.6%)	13.020s (~)	0.599s	7	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	20.062s (+12.0% 🔺)	21.766s (+10.3% 🔺)	1.704s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	20.529s (+16.1% 🔺)	22.574s (+17.8% 🔺)	2.045s	4	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	22.640s (+11.0% 🔺)	24.817s (+10.0% 🔺)	2.177s	4	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.190s (+0.7%)	2.008s (~)	0.818s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.191s (-1.4%)	2.008s (~)	0.817s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.199s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.808s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.418s (-0.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.588s	15	1.19x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.426s (+3.4%)	2.006s (~)	0.580s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.502s (-1.2%)	2.073s (+3.3%)	0.571s	15	1.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.121s (-3.6%)	3.883s (+11.0% 🔺)	1.763s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.453s (+7.6% 🔺)	3.971s (+3.2%)	1.518s	8	1.16x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.437s (+7.7% 🔺)	5.171s (+5.5% 🔺)	1.734s	6	1.62x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.317s (-0.8%)	2.592s (+8.3% 🔺)	1.275s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.326s (+0.6%)	2.827s (-3.2%)	1.501s	11	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.387s (+1.7%)	2.510s (+8.4% 🔺)	1.122s	12	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	2.454s (-10.4% 🟢)	3.109s (-3.1%)	0.655s	10	1.86x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.500s (~)	3.009s (+3.1%)	0.508s	10	1.90x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.509s (-2.3%)	3.109s (~)	0.600s	10	1.90x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.514s (+2.7%)	4.020s (+12.7% 🔺)	1.506s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.912s (+15.7% 🔺)	4.645s (+21.4% 🔺)	1.733s	7	1.16x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.281s (+19.6% 🔺)	6.000s (+13.0% 🔺)	1.719s	6	1.70x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.618s (+0.9%)	4.583s (+10.8% 🔺)	2.965s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.643s (+2.4%)	4.261s (+3.0%)	2.618s	8	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.216s (+8.6% 🔺)	6.015s (~)	2.799s	5	1.99x
💻 Local	Express	6.157s (-13.3% 🟢)	6.817s (-10.5% 🟢)	0.660s	5	3.80x
💻 Local	Nitro	6.167s (+7.5% 🔺)	6.616s (~)	0.450s	5	3.81x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.609s (-2.7%)	7.770s (+3.4%)	1.160s	4	4.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.346s (+24.2% 🔺)	5.095s (+12.7% 🔺)	1.749s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.356s (+25.2% 🔺)	5.112s (+13.2% 🔺)	1.757s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.673s (+39.7% 🔺)	7.625s (+27.8% 🔺)	1.953s	4	1.70x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.190s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.817s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.195s (-0.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.812s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.196s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.812s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.400s (-2.6%)	2.007s (~)	0.608s	15	1.18x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.441s (+6.8% 🔺)	2.007s (~)	0.566s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.445s (-2.6%)	2.007s (~)	0.562s	15	1.21x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.207s (+12.5% 🔺)	3.532s (-5.6% 🟢)	1.325s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.555s (+22.8% 🔺)	4.116s (+23.5% 🔺)	1.561s	8	1.16x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.399s (+10.5% 🔺)	5.244s (+10.0% 🔺)	1.845s	6	1.54x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.302s (-1.0%)	3.008s (~)	1.706s	11	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.356s (+2.8%)	2.592s (+8.3% 🔺)	1.237s	12	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.359s (+4.1%)	2.677s (+6.7% 🔺)	1.318s	12	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.518s (+1.8%)	3.210s (+6.7% 🔺)	0.692s	10	1.93x
💻 Local	Express	2.552s (+0.7%)	3.109s (-3.2%)	0.557s	10	1.96x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.613s (-2.9%)	3.210s (-4.0%)	0.597s	10	2.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.433s (+1.2%)	3.893s (+6.7% 🔺)	1.460s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.789s (+4.7%)	4.348s (+4.3%)	1.560s	7	1.15x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.089s (+21.9% 🔺)	6.434s (+28.2% 🔺)	2.345s	5	1.68x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.639s (+2.0%)	4.137s (~)	2.498s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.678s (+3.0%)	4.263s (+3.1%)	2.586s	8	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.979s (+16.1% 🔺)	5.848s (-2.8%)	2.869s	6	1.82x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.572s (-8.7% 🟢)	7.219s (-7.1% 🟢)	0.648s	5	4.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	6.853s (+12.7% 🔺)	7.768s (+14.0% 🔺)	0.916s	4	4.18x
💻 Local	Express	6.901s (-0.9%)	7.415s (-4.6%)	0.514s	5	4.21x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.955s (-2.5%)	4.831s (+3.2%)	1.876s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.147s (+4.9%)	4.821s (-2.0%)	1.674s	7	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.762s (+6.9% 🔺)	6.953s (+13.1% 🔺)	2.190s	5	1.61x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.560s (+1.6%)	1.006s (~)	0.446s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.568s (+3.5%)	1.024s (~)	0.456s	59	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	0.592s (~)	1.005s (~)	0.413s	60	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.600s (+11.1% 🔺)	1.041s (+1.7%)	0.441s	58	1.07x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.605s (+2.6%)	1.022s (~)	0.417s	59	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.646s (+3.7%)	1.022s (+1.7%)	0.376s	59	1.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.858s (+7.3% 🔺)	4.575s (+6.9% 🔺)	1.717s	14	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.063s (+21.9% 🔺)	5.004s (+24.8% 🔺)	1.941s	12	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.516s (+15.8% 🔺)	6.304s (+12.4% 🔺)	1.789s	10	1.58x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.334s (+3.0%)	2.007s (~)	0.673s	45	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.353s (+3.4%)	2.008s (~)	0.655s	45	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.385s (+7.8% 🔺)	2.007s (~)	0.622s	45	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.487s (+4.4%)	2.006s (~)	0.520s	45	1.11x
💻 Local	Express	1.504s (+2.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.502s	45	1.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.510s (-1.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.497s	45	1.13x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	7.075s (+18.5% 🔺)	8.916s (+22.9% 🔺)	1.841s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	7.667s (+27.3% 🔺)	9.299s (+21.5% 🔺)	1.632s	10	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.782s (+18.4% 🔺)	11.747s (+20.4% 🔺)	1.965s	8	1.38x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.742s (+1.4%)	3.086s (~)	0.344s	39	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.748s (+8.2% 🔺)	3.112s (+1.8%)	0.364s	39	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.769s (+7.5% 🔺)	3.137s (+1.7%)	0.368s	39	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.235s (+2.0%)	4.010s (+5.8% 🔺)	0.774s	30	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	3.265s (+1.6%)	4.010s (~)	0.745s	30	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.275s (-3.8%)	4.043s (~)	0.768s	30	1.19x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.591s (+16.5% 🔺)	15.837s (+19.8% 🔺)	2.246s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	13.965s (+15.9% 🔺)	15.791s (+14.9% 🔺)	1.826s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.951s (+28.2% 🔺)	23.116s (+26.5% 🔺)	2.165s	6	1.54x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.191s (+8.8% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.815s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.218s (+1.6%)	1.007s (~)	0.788s	60	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.222s (+3.3%)	1.006s (~)	0.785s	60	1.16x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.479s (+7.7% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.526s	60	2.50x
💻 Local	Express	0.481s (+9.7% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.524s	60	2.51x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.607s (-7.4% 🟢)	1.005s (-1.7%)	0.398s	60	3.18x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.142s (+10.0% 🔺)	2.557s (-2.5%)	1.415s	24	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.711s (+66.7% 🔺)	3.554s (+51.5% 🔺)	1.843s	17	1.50x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.437s (+16.7% 🔺)	3.940s (+4.3%)	1.503s	16	2.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.297s (+5.5% 🔺)	1.042s (+2.3%)	0.744s	87	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.332s (-0.5%)	1.006s (~)	0.674s	90	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.340s (+5.4% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.666s	90	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.165s (-1.0%)	2.736s (-2.1%)	0.571s	33	7.28x
💻 Local	Express	2.191s (+4.1%)	2.912s (+6.4% 🔺)	0.720s	31	7.37x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.693s (-4.1%)	3.181s (-10.4% 🟢)	0.488s	29	9.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.775s (+34.5% 🔺)	3.664s (+43.2% 🔺)	1.889s	25	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.928s (+45.0% 🔺)	3.772s (+34.4% 🔺)	1.844s	24	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.520s (+34.3% 🔺)	5.432s (+34.4% 🔺)	1.913s	17	1.98x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.520s (~)	1.059s (+2.7%)	0.539s	114	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.527s (~)	3.010s (-3.3%)	2.482s	40	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.549s (+3.6%)	1.128s (+7.5% 🔺)	0.579s	107	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.931s (-2.4%)	11.029s (-1.6%)	1.098s	11	19.10x
💻 Local	Express	9.952s (-1.1%)	11.030s (-1.6%)	1.078s	11	19.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.987s (+3.5%)	11.030s (+2.3%)	1.043s	11	19.21x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.081s (+2.5%)	3.979s (+1.2%)	1.898s	31	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.867s (+23.3% 🔺)	6.891s (+23.0% 🔺)	2.023s	18	2.34x
▲ Vercel	Express	106.469s (+5947.1% 🔺)	108.801s (+3065.2% 🔺)	2.331s	3	51.17x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.139s (-2.3%)	1.967s (~)	0.010s (-22.0% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.879s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.160s (~)	2.004s (~)	0.013s (+0.8%)	2.020s (~)	0.860s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.162s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.012s (+18.1% 🔺)	2.020s (~)	0.858s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.175s (+1.0%)	2.001s (~)	0.001s (-7.1% 🟢)	2.012s (~)	0.836s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.179s (+1.3%)	2.001s (~)	0.002s (+15.4% 🔺)	2.011s (~)	0.832s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.189s (+1.6%)	1.999s (~)	0.001s (+16.7% 🔺)	2.010s (~)	0.821s	10	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.971s (-2.6%)	3.486s (+6.3% 🔺)	1.881s (+10.6% 🔺)	5.797s (+5.3% 🔺)	3.826s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.971s (-1.3%)	3.449s (+17.0% 🔺)	1.758s (-15.1% 🟢)	5.699s (+3.4%)	3.728s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.887s (+8.3% 🔺)	4.531s (+14.9% 🔺)	1.832s (+27.8% 🔺)	7.595s (+9.7% 🔺)	3.708s	10	1.97x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.561s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.013s (+3.1%)	2.026s (~)	0.465s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.566s (-5.3% 🟢)	1.974s (-1.4%)	0.013s (+2.8%)	2.027s (-1.6%)	0.462s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.581s (+2.3%)	2.012s (~)	0.012s (-3.1%)	2.027s (~)	0.446s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.594s (+3.5%)	2.006s (~)	0.005s (+0.7%)	2.027s (~)	0.433s	30	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.608s (+2.8%)	2.004s (~)	0.005s (+2.8%)	2.026s (~)	0.418s	30	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.654s (~)	2.042s (+1.6%)	0.005s (-11.9% 🟢)	2.059s (+1.6%)	0.405s	30	1.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.816s (+4.5%)	7.332s (+7.0% 🔺)	0.315s (+45.9% 🔺)	8.250s (+10.2% 🔺)	2.434s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.096s (+8.1% 🔺)	7.618s (+7.1% 🔺)	0.259s (+11.6% 🔺)	8.310s (+6.0% 🔺)	2.214s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.790s (+17.1% 🔺)	11.922s (+15.0% 🔺)	0.253s (-52.4% 🟢)	13.272s (+11.6% 🔺)	2.482s	5	1.86x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.774s (+0.7%)	1.009s (-3.7%)	0.000s (+93.1% 🔺)	1.050s (-2.4%)	0.276s	58	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.808s (+5.3% 🔺)	1.062s (+1.6%)	0.000s (+1.8%)	1.092s (+3.0%)	0.284s	56	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.037s (-0.6%)	1.419s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.427s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.390s	43	1.34x
💻 Local	Express	1.219s (-5.8% 🟢)	2.013s (~)	0.000s (~)	2.016s (~)	0.796s	30	1.58x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.258s (-2.9%)	1.982s (-1.6%)	0.000s (-3.2%)	1.984s (-1.6%)	0.727s	31	1.62x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.365s (-3.2%)	1.981s (~)	0.000s (-46.2% 🟢)	2.016s (~)	0.652s	30	1.76x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.238s (+8.8% 🔺)	4.401s (+0.9%)	0.000s (-50.0% 🟢)	4.884s (~)	1.646s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.466s (+20.1% 🔺)	4.759s (+14.1% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	5.424s (+17.7% 🔺)	1.958s	12	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.312s (+18.5% 🔺)	6.120s (+12.4% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	7.252s (+15.5% 🔺)	1.940s	9	1.64x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.715s (+1.5%)	2.303s (~)	0.000s (+100.0% 🔺)	2.356s (+1.7%)	0.642s	26	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.821s (+3.8%)	2.493s (+8.9% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.530s (+9.8% 🔺)	0.709s	24	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.702s (-6.8% 🟢)	3.213s (-5.2% 🟢)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	3.221s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.519s	19	1.58x
💻 Local	Express	3.419s (-6.8% 🟢)	4.025s (-3.4%)	0.001s (+175.0% 🔺)	4.028s (-3.4%)	0.609s	15	1.99x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.498s (-4.1%)	3.930s (-4.7%)	0.001s (+25.0% 🔺)	3.976s (-4.7%)	0.477s	16	2.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.581s (-4.1%)	4.092s (-3.2%)	0.001s (+25.0% 🔺)	4.096s (-3.2%)	0.515s	15	2.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.643s (+8.6% 🔺)	6.287s (+14.7% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	6.766s (+14.2% 🔺)	2.123s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.820s (+11.9% 🔺)	6.065s (+6.0% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	6.510s (+4.7%)	1.691s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.287s (+28.8% 🔺)	9.448s (+34.2% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	10.669s (+30.6% 🔺)	2.383s	6	1.78x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	9/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	8/21
▲ Vercel	Express	11/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	15/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	15/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	14/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Platformatic: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[socket-security]

Review the following changes in direct dependencies. Learn more about Socket for GitHub.

Diff	Package	Supply Chain Security	Vulnerability	Quality	Maintenance	License
	npm/​typescript@​6.0.3

View full report

[VaguelySerious]

LGTM assuming CI passes

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2706. Merge conflicts were resolved by AI — please review carefully. (backport job run)

[NathanColosimo]

Summary

• Upgrade the workspace TypeScript catalog from 5.9.3 to 6.0.3 and refresh the pnpm lockfile.
• Apply the TS6 config migrations this repo needs: explicit rootDir where package source lives under src, target/types defaults in the shared base config, remove unnecessary baseUrl usage where tooling does not require it, and update old node module resolution where TS6 rejects it.
• Fix TS6 follow-on issues in package builds/tests:
  • use the public @workflow/core/runtime export instead of the dist path from @workflow/next
  • preserve RuntimeDecryptionError.context as an optional runtime property with declare
  • add a CSS module declaration for the web package
  • teach the docs typechecker to ignore TS6's missing side-effect-import diagnostic for intentionally unresolved app-local examples

Why TS6 here, not TS7 yet?

TypeScript 7.0 RC is available as the new native/Go compiler via typescript@rc, and Microsoft's RC post says it is intended to be stable and compatible for CLI/editor workflows. The important caveat for this repo is programmatic usage: the same post says a stable programmatic API is not expected until at least TypeScript 7.1, and recommends keeping TypeScript 6 available side-by-side for tooling that imports typescript directly.

This repository is not only invoking tsc; it imports and uses TypeScript APIs directly in a few places:

• packages/docs-typecheck/src/type-checker.ts uses ts.createProgram, compiler hosts, source files, and diagnostics.
• packages/typescript-plugin/src/index.ts imports typescript/lib/tsserverlibrary for the language service plugin.
• packages/web-shared/test/serializable-revivers.test.ts imports TypeScript AST/parser APIs in a test.

So this PR intentionally moves us to stable TS6 first. That gets the TS6 behavior changes out of the way, and it should make a later TS7 migration smaller once the programmatic/tsserver API story is stable enough for our direct usage.

Reference: https://devblogs.microsoft.com/typescript/announcing-typescript-7-0-rc/

Validation

• pnpm install --frozen-lockfile
• pnpm build
• pnpm typecheck
• pnpm test
• pnpm test:docs
• pnpm --filter @workflow/docs-typecheck build
• APP_NAME=nest pnpm vitest run packages/core/e2e/local-build.test.ts
• node --test ".github/scripts/**/*.test.js"
• pnpm changeset status --since=main
• pnpm exec lint-staged

Note: several upstream packages still declare TypeScript peer ranges that only mention 5.x, so pnpm prints peer warnings during install. The workspace build, typecheck, docs typecheck, and tests all pass against 6.0.3.

[changeset-bot]

⚠️ No Changeset found

Latest commit: 4a527a7

Merging this PR will not cause a version bump for any packages. If these changes should not result in a new version, you're good to go. If these changes should result in a version bump, you need to add a changeset.

This PR includes no changesets

When changesets are added to this PR, you'll see the packages that this PR includes changesets for and the associated semver types

Click here to learn what changesets are, and how to add one.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add a changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1442	0	230	1672
✅ 💻 Local Development	1605	0	219	1824
✅ 📦 Local Production	1605	0	219	1824
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1593	0	231	1824
✅ 🪟 Windows	152	0	0	152
✅ 📋 Other	885	0	179	1064
Total	7282	0	1078	8360

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	125	0	27
✅ example	125	0	27
✅ express	125	0	27
✅ fastify	125	0	27
✅ hono	125	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack	149	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack	149	0	3
✅ nitro	125	0	27
✅ nuxt	125	0	27
✅ sveltekit	144	0	8
✅ vite	125	0	27

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	127	0	25
✅ express-stable	127	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	127	0	25
✅ hono-stable	127	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	127	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	127	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	146	0	6
✅ vite-stable	127	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	127	0	25
✅ express-stable	127	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	127	0	25
✅ hono-stable	127	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	127	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	127	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	146	0	6
✅ vite-stable	127	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	126	0	26
✅ express-stable	126	0	26
✅ fastify-stable	126	0	26
✅ hono-stable	126	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	132	0	20
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	151	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	132	0	20
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	151	0	1
✅ nitro-stable	126	0	26
✅ nuxt-stable	126	0	26
✅ sveltekit-stable	145	0	7
✅ vite-stable	126	0	26

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	152	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	127	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	127	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	126	0	26
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	126	0	26
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	127	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	127	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	125	0	27

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.047s (-3.7%)	1.008s (~)	0.961s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.048s (-14.7% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.959s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.048s (+9.1% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.958s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.059s (-3.6%)	1.012s (~)	0.953s	10	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.063s (-4.4%)	1.013s (~)	0.950s	10	1.35x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.066s (+3.4%)	1.016s (~)	0.949s	10	1.42x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.216s (-16.6% 🟢)	1.415s (-32.7% 🟢)	1.198s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.278s (+31.9% 🔺)	2.270s (+12.4% 🔺)	1.992s	10	1.28x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.389s (+58.6% 🔺)	2.340s (-1.4%)	1.950s	10	1.80x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.080s (-1.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.926s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.086s (+0.5%)	2.007s (~)	0.921s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.087s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.919s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.095s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.915s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.096s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.915s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.105s (+0.9%)	2.010s (~)	0.904s	10	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.452s (+4.9%)	3.150s (+9.7% 🔺)	1.698s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.506s (+7.6% 🔺)	3.053s (-0.7%)	1.547s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.369s (+0.6%)	4.023s (+9.3% 🔺)	1.654s	10	1.63x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.445s (-0.5%)	11.022s (~)	0.577s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.457s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.564s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.459s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.564s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.483s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.540s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.491s (~)	11.019s (~)	0.528s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.506s (~)	11.018s (~)	0.512s	3	1.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	11.898s (+1.5%)	13.490s (-1.4%)	1.592s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	12.050s (+3.2%)	14.186s (+7.0% 🔺)	2.136s	3	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.419s (+2.0%)	15.130s (+1.7%)	1.710s	2	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	13.621s (-0.8%)	14.027s (~)	0.406s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.641s (~)	14.027s (~)	0.386s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	13.642s (~)	14.028s (~)	0.386s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.659s (+0.6%)	14.020s (~)	0.361s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.679s (~)	14.025s (~)	0.345s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.699s (+0.5%)	14.023s (~)	0.324s	5	1.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	17.041s (+3.7%)	19.329s (+7.1% 🔺)	2.288s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	17.106s (+5.2% 🔺)	18.446s (-1.0%)	1.340s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	18.472s (-1.4%)	20.342s (-1.0%)	1.870s	3	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	12.212s (~)	13.025s (~)	0.814s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.240s (+0.5%)	13.021s (~)	0.781s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.261s (-2.7%)	13.016s (-1.1%)	0.754s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.291s (-1.1%)	13.027s (~)	0.736s	7	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	12.385s (+1.7%)	13.026s (~)	0.640s	7	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.421s (+1.6%)	13.020s (~)	0.599s	7	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	20.062s (+12.0% 🔺)	21.766s (+10.3% 🔺)	1.704s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	20.529s (+16.1% 🔺)	22.574s (+17.8% 🔺)	2.045s	4	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	22.640s (+11.0% 🔺)	24.817s (+10.0% 🔺)	2.177s	4	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.190s (+0.7%)	2.008s (~)	0.818s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.191s (-1.4%)	2.008s (~)	0.817s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.199s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.808s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.418s (-0.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.588s	15	1.19x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.426s (+3.4%)	2.006s (~)	0.580s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.502s (-1.2%)	2.073s (+3.3%)	0.571s	15	1.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.121s (-3.6%)	3.883s (+11.0% 🔺)	1.763s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.453s (+7.6% 🔺)	3.971s (+3.2%)	1.518s	8	1.16x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.437s (+7.7% 🔺)	5.171s (+5.5% 🔺)	1.734s	6	1.62x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.317s (-0.8%)	2.592s (+8.3% 🔺)	1.275s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.326s (+0.6%)	2.827s (-3.2%)	1.501s	11	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.387s (+1.7%)	2.510s (+8.4% 🔺)	1.122s	12	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	2.454s (-10.4% 🟢)	3.109s (-3.1%)	0.655s	10	1.86x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.500s (~)	3.009s (+3.1%)	0.508s	10	1.90x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.509s (-2.3%)	3.109s (~)	0.600s	10	1.90x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.514s (+2.7%)	4.020s (+12.7% 🔺)	1.506s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.912s (+15.7% 🔺)	4.645s (+21.4% 🔺)	1.733s	7	1.16x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.281s (+19.6% 🔺)	6.000s (+13.0% 🔺)	1.719s	6	1.70x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.618s (+0.9%)	4.583s (+10.8% 🔺)	2.965s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.643s (+2.4%)	4.261s (+3.0%)	2.618s	8	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.216s (+8.6% 🔺)	6.015s (~)	2.799s	5	1.99x
💻 Local	Express	6.157s (-13.3% 🟢)	6.817s (-10.5% 🟢)	0.660s	5	3.80x
💻 Local	Nitro	6.167s (+7.5% 🔺)	6.616s (~)	0.450s	5	3.81x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.609s (-2.7%)	7.770s (+3.4%)	1.160s	4	4.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.346s (+24.2% 🔺)	5.095s (+12.7% 🔺)	1.749s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.356s (+25.2% 🔺)	5.112s (+13.2% 🔺)	1.757s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.673s (+39.7% 🔺)	7.625s (+27.8% 🔺)	1.953s	4	1.70x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.190s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.817s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.195s (-0.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.812s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.196s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.812s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.400s (-2.6%)	2.007s (~)	0.608s	15	1.18x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.441s (+6.8% 🔺)	2.007s (~)	0.566s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.445s (-2.6%)	2.007s (~)	0.562s	15	1.21x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.207s (+12.5% 🔺)	3.532s (-5.6% 🟢)	1.325s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.555s (+22.8% 🔺)	4.116s (+23.5% 🔺)	1.561s	8	1.16x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.399s (+10.5% 🔺)	5.244s (+10.0% 🔺)	1.845s	6	1.54x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.302s (-1.0%)	3.008s (~)	1.706s	11	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.356s (+2.8%)	2.592s (+8.3% 🔺)	1.237s	12	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.359s (+4.1%)	2.677s (+6.7% 🔺)	1.318s	12	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.518s (+1.8%)	3.210s (+6.7% 🔺)	0.692s	10	1.93x
💻 Local	Express	2.552s (+0.7%)	3.109s (-3.2%)	0.557s	10	1.96x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.613s (-2.9%)	3.210s (-4.0%)	0.597s	10	2.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.433s (+1.2%)	3.893s (+6.7% 🔺)	1.460s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.789s (+4.7%)	4.348s (+4.3%)	1.560s	7	1.15x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.089s (+21.9% 🔺)	6.434s (+28.2% 🔺)	2.345s	5	1.68x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.639s (+2.0%)	4.137s (~)	2.498s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.678s (+3.0%)	4.263s (+3.1%)	2.586s	8	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.979s (+16.1% 🔺)	5.848s (-2.8%)	2.869s	6	1.82x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.572s (-8.7% 🟢)	7.219s (-7.1% 🟢)	0.648s	5	4.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	6.853s (+12.7% 🔺)	7.768s (+14.0% 🔺)	0.916s	4	4.18x
💻 Local	Express	6.901s (-0.9%)	7.415s (-4.6%)	0.514s	5	4.21x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.955s (-2.5%)	4.831s (+3.2%)	1.876s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.147s (+4.9%)	4.821s (-2.0%)	1.674s	7	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.762s (+6.9% 🔺)	6.953s (+13.1% 🔺)	2.190s	5	1.61x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.560s (+1.6%)	1.006s (~)	0.446s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.568s (+3.5%)	1.024s (~)	0.456s	59	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	0.592s (~)	1.005s (~)	0.413s	60	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.600s (+11.1% 🔺)	1.041s (+1.7%)	0.441s	58	1.07x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.605s (+2.6%)	1.022s (~)	0.417s	59	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.646s (+3.7%)	1.022s (+1.7%)	0.376s	59	1.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.858s (+7.3% 🔺)	4.575s (+6.9% 🔺)	1.717s	14	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.063s (+21.9% 🔺)	5.004s (+24.8% 🔺)	1.941s	12	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.516s (+15.8% 🔺)	6.304s (+12.4% 🔺)	1.789s	10	1.58x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.334s (+3.0%)	2.007s (~)	0.673s	45	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.353s (+3.4%)	2.008s (~)	0.655s	45	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.385s (+7.8% 🔺)	2.007s (~)	0.622s	45	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.487s (+4.4%)	2.006s (~)	0.520s	45	1.11x
💻 Local	Express	1.504s (+2.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.502s	45	1.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.510s (-1.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.497s	45	1.13x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	7.075s (+18.5% 🔺)	8.916s (+22.9% 🔺)	1.841s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	7.667s (+27.3% 🔺)	9.299s (+21.5% 🔺)	1.632s	10	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.782s (+18.4% 🔺)	11.747s (+20.4% 🔺)	1.965s	8	1.38x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.742s (+1.4%)	3.086s (~)	0.344s	39	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.748s (+8.2% 🔺)	3.112s (+1.8%)	0.364s	39	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.769s (+7.5% 🔺)	3.137s (+1.7%)	0.368s	39	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.235s (+2.0%)	4.010s (+5.8% 🔺)	0.774s	30	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	3.265s (+1.6%)	4.010s (~)	0.745s	30	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.275s (-3.8%)	4.043s (~)	0.768s	30	1.19x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.591s (+16.5% 🔺)	15.837s (+19.8% 🔺)	2.246s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	13.965s (+15.9% 🔺)	15.791s (+14.9% 🔺)	1.826s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.951s (+28.2% 🔺)	23.116s (+26.5% 🔺)	2.165s	6	1.54x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.191s (+8.8% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.815s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.218s (+1.6%)	1.007s (~)	0.788s	60	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.222s (+3.3%)	1.006s (~)	0.785s	60	1.16x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.479s (+7.7% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.526s	60	2.50x
💻 Local	Express	0.481s (+9.7% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.524s	60	2.51x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.607s (-7.4% 🟢)	1.005s (-1.7%)	0.398s	60	3.18x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.142s (+10.0% 🔺)	2.557s (-2.5%)	1.415s	24	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.711s (+66.7% 🔺)	3.554s (+51.5% 🔺)	1.843s	17	1.50x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.437s (+16.7% 🔺)	3.940s (+4.3%)	1.503s	16	2.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.297s (+5.5% 🔺)	1.042s (+2.3%)	0.744s	87	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.332s (-0.5%)	1.006s (~)	0.674s	90	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.340s (+5.4% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.666s	90	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.165s (-1.0%)	2.736s (-2.1%)	0.571s	33	7.28x
💻 Local	Express	2.191s (+4.1%)	2.912s (+6.4% 🔺)	0.720s	31	7.37x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.693s (-4.1%)	3.181s (-10.4% 🟢)	0.488s	29	9.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.775s (+34.5% 🔺)	3.664s (+43.2% 🔺)	1.889s	25	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.928s (+45.0% 🔺)	3.772s (+34.4% 🔺)	1.844s	24	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.520s (+34.3% 🔺)	5.432s (+34.4% 🔺)	1.913s	17	1.98x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.520s (~)	1.059s (+2.7%)	0.539s	114	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.527s (~)	3.010s (-3.3%)	2.482s	40	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.549s (+3.6%)	1.128s (+7.5% 🔺)	0.579s	107	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.931s (-2.4%)	11.029s (-1.6%)	1.098s	11	19.10x
💻 Local	Express	9.952s (-1.1%)	11.030s (-1.6%)	1.078s	11	19.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.987s (+3.5%)	11.030s (+2.3%)	1.043s	11	19.21x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.081s (+2.5%)	3.979s (+1.2%)	1.898s	31	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.867s (+23.3% 🔺)	6.891s (+23.0% 🔺)	2.023s	18	2.34x
▲ Vercel	Express	106.469s (+5947.1% 🔺)	108.801s (+3065.2% 🔺)	2.331s	3	51.17x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.139s (-2.3%)	1.967s (~)	0.010s (-22.0% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.879s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.160s (~)	2.004s (~)	0.013s (+0.8%)	2.020s (~)	0.860s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.162s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.012s (+18.1% 🔺)	2.020s (~)	0.858s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.175s (+1.0%)	2.001s (~)	0.001s (-7.1% 🟢)	2.012s (~)	0.836s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.179s (+1.3%)	2.001s (~)	0.002s (+15.4% 🔺)	2.011s (~)	0.832s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.189s (+1.6%)	1.999s (~)	0.001s (+16.7% 🔺)	2.010s (~)	0.821s	10	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.971s (-2.6%)	3.486s (+6.3% 🔺)	1.881s (+10.6% 🔺)	5.797s (+5.3% 🔺)	3.826s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.971s (-1.3%)	3.449s (+17.0% 🔺)	1.758s (-15.1% 🟢)	5.699s (+3.4%)	3.728s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.887s (+8.3% 🔺)	4.531s (+14.9% 🔺)	1.832s (+27.8% 🔺)	7.595s (+9.7% 🔺)	3.708s	10	1.97x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.561s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.013s (+3.1%)	2.026s (~)	0.465s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.566s (-5.3% 🟢)	1.974s (-1.4%)	0.013s (+2.8%)	2.027s (-1.6%)	0.462s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.581s (+2.3%)	2.012s (~)	0.012s (-3.1%)	2.027s (~)	0.446s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.594s (+3.5%)	2.006s (~)	0.005s (+0.7%)	2.027s (~)	0.433s	30	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.608s (+2.8%)	2.004s (~)	0.005s (+2.8%)	2.026s (~)	0.418s	30	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.654s (~)	2.042s (+1.6%)	0.005s (-11.9% 🟢)	2.059s (+1.6%)	0.405s	30	1.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.816s (+4.5%)	7.332s (+7.0% 🔺)	0.315s (+45.9% 🔺)	8.250s (+10.2% 🔺)	2.434s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.096s (+8.1% 🔺)	7.618s (+7.1% 🔺)	0.259s (+11.6% 🔺)	8.310s (+6.0% 🔺)	2.214s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.790s (+17.1% 🔺)	11.922s (+15.0% 🔺)	0.253s (-52.4% 🟢)	13.272s (+11.6% 🔺)	2.482s	5	1.86x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.774s (+0.7%)	1.009s (-3.7%)	0.000s (+93.1% 🔺)	1.050s (-2.4%)	0.276s	58	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.808s (+5.3% 🔺)	1.062s (+1.6%)	0.000s (+1.8%)	1.092s (+3.0%)	0.284s	56	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.037s (-0.6%)	1.419s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.427s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.390s	43	1.34x
💻 Local	Express	1.219s (-5.8% 🟢)	2.013s (~)	0.000s (~)	2.016s (~)	0.796s	30	1.58x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.258s (-2.9%)	1.982s (-1.6%)	0.000s (-3.2%)	1.984s (-1.6%)	0.727s	31	1.62x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.365s (-3.2%)	1.981s (~)	0.000s (-46.2% 🟢)	2.016s (~)	0.652s	30	1.76x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.238s (+8.8% 🔺)	4.401s (+0.9%)	0.000s (-50.0% 🟢)	4.884s (~)	1.646s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.466s (+20.1% 🔺)	4.759s (+14.1% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	5.424s (+17.7% 🔺)	1.958s	12	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.312s (+18.5% 🔺)	6.120s (+12.4% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	7.252s (+15.5% 🔺)	1.940s	9	1.64x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.715s (+1.5%)	2.303s (~)	0.000s (+100.0% 🔺)	2.356s (+1.7%)	0.642s	26	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.821s (+3.8%)	2.493s (+8.9% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.530s (+9.8% 🔺)	0.709s	24	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.702s (-6.8% 🟢)	3.213s (-5.2% 🟢)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	3.221s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.519s	19	1.58x
💻 Local	Express	3.419s (-6.8% 🟢)	4.025s (-3.4%)	0.001s (+175.0% 🔺)	4.028s (-3.4%)	0.609s	15	1.99x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.498s (-4.1%)	3.930s (-4.7%)	0.001s (+25.0% 🔺)	3.976s (-4.7%)	0.477s	16	2.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.581s (-4.1%)	4.092s (-3.2%)	0.001s (+25.0% 🔺)	4.096s (-3.2%)	0.515s	15	2.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.643s (+8.6% 🔺)	6.287s (+14.7% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	6.766s (+14.2% 🔺)	2.123s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.820s (+11.9% 🔺)	6.065s (+6.0% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	6.510s (+4.7%)	1.691s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.287s (+28.8% 🔺)	9.448s (+34.2% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	10.669s (+30.6% 🔺)	2.383s	6	1.78x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	9/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	8/21
▲ Vercel	Express	11/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	15/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	15/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	14/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Platformatic: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[socket-security]

Review the following changes in direct dependencies. Learn more about Socket for GitHub.

Diff	Package	Supply Chain Security	Vulnerability	Quality	Maintenance	License
	npm/​typescript@​6.0.3

View full report

[VaguelySerious]

LGTM assuming CI passes

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2706. Merge conflicts were resolved by AI — please review carefully. (backport job run)

[NathanColosimo]

Summary

• Upgrade the workspace TypeScript catalog from 5.9.3 to 6.0.3 and refresh the pnpm lockfile.
• Apply the TS6 config migrations this repo needs: explicit rootDir where package source lives under src, target/types defaults in the shared base config, remove unnecessary baseUrl usage where tooling does not require it, and update old node module resolution where TS6 rejects it.
• Fix TS6 follow-on issues in package builds/tests:
  • use the public @workflow/core/runtime export instead of the dist path from @workflow/next
  • preserve RuntimeDecryptionError.context as an optional runtime property with declare
  • add a CSS module declaration for the web package
  • teach the docs typechecker to ignore TS6's missing side-effect-import diagnostic for intentionally unresolved app-local examples

Why TS6 here, not TS7 yet?

TypeScript 7.0 RC is available as the new native/Go compiler via typescript@rc, and Microsoft's RC post says it is intended to be stable and compatible for CLI/editor workflows. The important caveat for this repo is programmatic usage: the same post says a stable programmatic API is not expected until at least TypeScript 7.1, and recommends keeping TypeScript 6 available side-by-side for tooling that imports typescript directly.

This repository is not only invoking tsc; it imports and uses TypeScript APIs directly in a few places:

• packages/docs-typecheck/src/type-checker.ts uses ts.createProgram, compiler hosts, source files, and diagnostics.
• packages/typescript-plugin/src/index.ts imports typescript/lib/tsserverlibrary for the language service plugin.
• packages/web-shared/test/serializable-revivers.test.ts imports TypeScript AST/parser APIs in a test.

So this PR intentionally moves us to stable TS6 first. That gets the TS6 behavior changes out of the way, and it should make a later TS7 migration smaller once the programmatic/tsserver API story is stable enough for our direct usage.

Reference: https://devblogs.microsoft.com/typescript/announcing-typescript-7-0-rc/

Validation

• pnpm install --frozen-lockfile
• pnpm build
• pnpm typecheck
• pnpm test
• pnpm test:docs
• pnpm --filter @workflow/docs-typecheck build
• APP_NAME=nest pnpm vitest run packages/core/e2e/local-build.test.ts
• node --test ".github/scripts/**/*.test.js"
• pnpm changeset status --since=main
• pnpm exec lint-staged

Note: several upstream packages still declare TypeScript peer ranges that only mention 5.x, so pnpm prints peer warnings during install. The workspace build, typecheck, docs typecheck, and tests all pass against 6.0.3.

[changeset-bot]

⚠️ No Changeset found

Latest commit: 4a527a7

Merging this PR will not cause a version bump for any packages. If these changes should not result in a new version, you're good to go. If these changes should result in a version bump, you need to add a changeset.

This PR includes no changesets

When changesets are added to this PR, you'll see the packages that this PR includes changesets for and the associated semver types

Click here to learn what changesets are, and how to add one.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add a changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1442	0	230	1672
✅ 💻 Local Development	1605	0	219	1824
✅ 📦 Local Production	1605	0	219	1824
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1593	0	231	1824
✅ 🪟 Windows	152	0	0	152
✅ 📋 Other	885	0	179	1064
Total	7282	0	1078	8360

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	125	0	27
✅ example	125	0	27
✅ express	125	0	27
✅ fastify	125	0	27
✅ hono	125	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack	149	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack	149	0	3
✅ nitro	125	0	27
✅ nuxt	125	0	27
✅ sveltekit	144	0	8
✅ vite	125	0	27

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	127	0	25
✅ express-stable	127	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	127	0	25
✅ hono-stable	127	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	127	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	127	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	146	0	6
✅ vite-stable	127	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	127	0	25
✅ express-stable	127	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	127	0	25
✅ hono-stable	127	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	127	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	127	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	146	0	6
✅ vite-stable	127	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	126	0	26
✅ express-stable	126	0	26
✅ fastify-stable	126	0	26
✅ hono-stable	126	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	132	0	20
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	151	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	132	0	20
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	151	0	1
✅ nitro-stable	126	0	26
✅ nuxt-stable	126	0	26
✅ sveltekit-stable	145	0	7
✅ vite-stable	126	0	26

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	152	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	127	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	127	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	126	0	26
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	126	0	26
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	127	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	127	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	125	0	27

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.047s (-3.7%)	1.008s (~)	0.961s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.048s (-14.7% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.959s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.048s (+9.1% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.958s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.059s (-3.6%)	1.012s (~)	0.953s	10	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.063s (-4.4%)	1.013s (~)	0.950s	10	1.35x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.066s (+3.4%)	1.016s (~)	0.949s	10	1.42x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.216s (-16.6% 🟢)	1.415s (-32.7% 🟢)	1.198s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.278s (+31.9% 🔺)	2.270s (+12.4% 🔺)	1.992s	10	1.28x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.389s (+58.6% 🔺)	2.340s (-1.4%)	1.950s	10	1.80x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.080s (-1.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.926s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.086s (+0.5%)	2.007s (~)	0.921s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.087s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.919s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.095s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.915s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.096s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.915s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.105s (+0.9%)	2.010s (~)	0.904s	10	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.452s (+4.9%)	3.150s (+9.7% 🔺)	1.698s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.506s (+7.6% 🔺)	3.053s (-0.7%)	1.547s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.369s (+0.6%)	4.023s (+9.3% 🔺)	1.654s	10	1.63x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.445s (-0.5%)	11.022s (~)	0.577s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.457s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.564s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.459s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.564s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.483s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.540s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.491s (~)	11.019s (~)	0.528s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.506s (~)	11.018s (~)	0.512s	3	1.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	11.898s (+1.5%)	13.490s (-1.4%)	1.592s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	12.050s (+3.2%)	14.186s (+7.0% 🔺)	2.136s	3	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.419s (+2.0%)	15.130s (+1.7%)	1.710s	2	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	13.621s (-0.8%)	14.027s (~)	0.406s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.641s (~)	14.027s (~)	0.386s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	13.642s (~)	14.028s (~)	0.386s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.659s (+0.6%)	14.020s (~)	0.361s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.679s (~)	14.025s (~)	0.345s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.699s (+0.5%)	14.023s (~)	0.324s	5	1.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	17.041s (+3.7%)	19.329s (+7.1% 🔺)	2.288s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	17.106s (+5.2% 🔺)	18.446s (-1.0%)	1.340s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	18.472s (-1.4%)	20.342s (-1.0%)	1.870s	3	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	12.212s (~)	13.025s (~)	0.814s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.240s (+0.5%)	13.021s (~)	0.781s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.261s (-2.7%)	13.016s (-1.1%)	0.754s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.291s (-1.1%)	13.027s (~)	0.736s	7	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	12.385s (+1.7%)	13.026s (~)	0.640s	7	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.421s (+1.6%)	13.020s (~)	0.599s	7	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	20.062s (+12.0% 🔺)	21.766s (+10.3% 🔺)	1.704s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	20.529s (+16.1% 🔺)	22.574s (+17.8% 🔺)	2.045s	4	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	22.640s (+11.0% 🔺)	24.817s (+10.0% 🔺)	2.177s	4	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.190s (+0.7%)	2.008s (~)	0.818s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.191s (-1.4%)	2.008s (~)	0.817s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.199s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.808s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.418s (-0.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.588s	15	1.19x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.426s (+3.4%)	2.006s (~)	0.580s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.502s (-1.2%)	2.073s (+3.3%)	0.571s	15	1.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.121s (-3.6%)	3.883s (+11.0% 🔺)	1.763s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.453s (+7.6% 🔺)	3.971s (+3.2%)	1.518s	8	1.16x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.437s (+7.7% 🔺)	5.171s (+5.5% 🔺)	1.734s	6	1.62x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.317s (-0.8%)	2.592s (+8.3% 🔺)	1.275s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.326s (+0.6%)	2.827s (-3.2%)	1.501s	11	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.387s (+1.7%)	2.510s (+8.4% 🔺)	1.122s	12	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	2.454s (-10.4% 🟢)	3.109s (-3.1%)	0.655s	10	1.86x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.500s (~)	3.009s (+3.1%)	0.508s	10	1.90x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.509s (-2.3%)	3.109s (~)	0.600s	10	1.90x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.514s (+2.7%)	4.020s (+12.7% 🔺)	1.506s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.912s (+15.7% 🔺)	4.645s (+21.4% 🔺)	1.733s	7	1.16x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.281s (+19.6% 🔺)	6.000s (+13.0% 🔺)	1.719s	6	1.70x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.618s (+0.9%)	4.583s (+10.8% 🔺)	2.965s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.643s (+2.4%)	4.261s (+3.0%)	2.618s	8	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.216s (+8.6% 🔺)	6.015s (~)	2.799s	5	1.99x
💻 Local	Express	6.157s (-13.3% 🟢)	6.817s (-10.5% 🟢)	0.660s	5	3.80x
💻 Local	Nitro	6.167s (+7.5% 🔺)	6.616s (~)	0.450s	5	3.81x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.609s (-2.7%)	7.770s (+3.4%)	1.160s	4	4.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.346s (+24.2% 🔺)	5.095s (+12.7% 🔺)	1.749s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.356s (+25.2% 🔺)	5.112s (+13.2% 🔺)	1.757s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.673s (+39.7% 🔺)	7.625s (+27.8% 🔺)	1.953s	4	1.70x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.190s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.817s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.195s (-0.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.812s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.196s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.812s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.400s (-2.6%)	2.007s (~)	0.608s	15	1.18x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.441s (+6.8% 🔺)	2.007s (~)	0.566s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.445s (-2.6%)	2.007s (~)	0.562s	15	1.21x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.207s (+12.5% 🔺)	3.532s (-5.6% 🟢)	1.325s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.555s (+22.8% 🔺)	4.116s (+23.5% 🔺)	1.561s	8	1.16x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.399s (+10.5% 🔺)	5.244s (+10.0% 🔺)	1.845s	6	1.54x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.302s (-1.0%)	3.008s (~)	1.706s	11	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.356s (+2.8%)	2.592s (+8.3% 🔺)	1.237s	12	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.359s (+4.1%)	2.677s (+6.7% 🔺)	1.318s	12	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.518s (+1.8%)	3.210s (+6.7% 🔺)	0.692s	10	1.93x
💻 Local	Express	2.552s (+0.7%)	3.109s (-3.2%)	0.557s	10	1.96x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.613s (-2.9%)	3.210s (-4.0%)	0.597s	10	2.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.433s (+1.2%)	3.893s (+6.7% 🔺)	1.460s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.789s (+4.7%)	4.348s (+4.3%)	1.560s	7	1.15x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.089s (+21.9% 🔺)	6.434s (+28.2% 🔺)	2.345s	5	1.68x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.639s (+2.0%)	4.137s (~)	2.498s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.678s (+3.0%)	4.263s (+3.1%)	2.586s	8	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.979s (+16.1% 🔺)	5.848s (-2.8%)	2.869s	6	1.82x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.572s (-8.7% 🟢)	7.219s (-7.1% 🟢)	0.648s	5	4.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	6.853s (+12.7% 🔺)	7.768s (+14.0% 🔺)	0.916s	4	4.18x
💻 Local	Express	6.901s (-0.9%)	7.415s (-4.6%)	0.514s	5	4.21x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.955s (-2.5%)	4.831s (+3.2%)	1.876s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.147s (+4.9%)	4.821s (-2.0%)	1.674s	7	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.762s (+6.9% 🔺)	6.953s (+13.1% 🔺)	2.190s	5	1.61x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.560s (+1.6%)	1.006s (~)	0.446s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.568s (+3.5%)	1.024s (~)	0.456s	59	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	0.592s (~)	1.005s (~)	0.413s	60	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.600s (+11.1% 🔺)	1.041s (+1.7%)	0.441s	58	1.07x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.605s (+2.6%)	1.022s (~)	0.417s	59	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.646s (+3.7%)	1.022s (+1.7%)	0.376s	59	1.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.858s (+7.3% 🔺)	4.575s (+6.9% 🔺)	1.717s	14	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.063s (+21.9% 🔺)	5.004s (+24.8% 🔺)	1.941s	12	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.516s (+15.8% 🔺)	6.304s (+12.4% 🔺)	1.789s	10	1.58x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.334s (+3.0%)	2.007s (~)	0.673s	45	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.353s (+3.4%)	2.008s (~)	0.655s	45	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.385s (+7.8% 🔺)	2.007s (~)	0.622s	45	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.487s (+4.4%)	2.006s (~)	0.520s	45	1.11x
💻 Local	Express	1.504s (+2.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.502s	45	1.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.510s (-1.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.497s	45	1.13x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	7.075s (+18.5% 🔺)	8.916s (+22.9% 🔺)	1.841s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	7.667s (+27.3% 🔺)	9.299s (+21.5% 🔺)	1.632s	10	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.782s (+18.4% 🔺)	11.747s (+20.4% 🔺)	1.965s	8	1.38x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.742s (+1.4%)	3.086s (~)	0.344s	39	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.748s (+8.2% 🔺)	3.112s (+1.8%)	0.364s	39	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.769s (+7.5% 🔺)	3.137s (+1.7%)	0.368s	39	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.235s (+2.0%)	4.010s (+5.8% 🔺)	0.774s	30	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	3.265s (+1.6%)	4.010s (~)	0.745s	30	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.275s (-3.8%)	4.043s (~)	0.768s	30	1.19x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.591s (+16.5% 🔺)	15.837s (+19.8% 🔺)	2.246s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	13.965s (+15.9% 🔺)	15.791s (+14.9% 🔺)	1.826s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.951s (+28.2% 🔺)	23.116s (+26.5% 🔺)	2.165s	6	1.54x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.191s (+8.8% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.815s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.218s (+1.6%)	1.007s (~)	0.788s	60	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.222s (+3.3%)	1.006s (~)	0.785s	60	1.16x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.479s (+7.7% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.526s	60	2.50x
💻 Local	Express	0.481s (+9.7% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.524s	60	2.51x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.607s (-7.4% 🟢)	1.005s (-1.7%)	0.398s	60	3.18x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.142s (+10.0% 🔺)	2.557s (-2.5%)	1.415s	24	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.711s (+66.7% 🔺)	3.554s (+51.5% 🔺)	1.843s	17	1.50x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.437s (+16.7% 🔺)	3.940s (+4.3%)	1.503s	16	2.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.297s (+5.5% 🔺)	1.042s (+2.3%)	0.744s	87	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.332s (-0.5%)	1.006s (~)	0.674s	90	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.340s (+5.4% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.666s	90	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.165s (-1.0%)	2.736s (-2.1%)	0.571s	33	7.28x
💻 Local	Express	2.191s (+4.1%)	2.912s (+6.4% 🔺)	0.720s	31	7.37x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.693s (-4.1%)	3.181s (-10.4% 🟢)	0.488s	29	9.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.775s (+34.5% 🔺)	3.664s (+43.2% 🔺)	1.889s	25	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.928s (+45.0% 🔺)	3.772s (+34.4% 🔺)	1.844s	24	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.520s (+34.3% 🔺)	5.432s (+34.4% 🔺)	1.913s	17	1.98x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.520s (~)	1.059s (+2.7%)	0.539s	114	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.527s (~)	3.010s (-3.3%)	2.482s	40	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.549s (+3.6%)	1.128s (+7.5% 🔺)	0.579s	107	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.931s (-2.4%)	11.029s (-1.6%)	1.098s	11	19.10x
💻 Local	Express	9.952s (-1.1%)	11.030s (-1.6%)	1.078s	11	19.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.987s (+3.5%)	11.030s (+2.3%)	1.043s	11	19.21x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.081s (+2.5%)	3.979s (+1.2%)	1.898s	31	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.867s (+23.3% 🔺)	6.891s (+23.0% 🔺)	2.023s	18	2.34x
▲ Vercel	Express	106.469s (+5947.1% 🔺)	108.801s (+3065.2% 🔺)	2.331s	3	51.17x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.139s (-2.3%)	1.967s (~)	0.010s (-22.0% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.879s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.160s (~)	2.004s (~)	0.013s (+0.8%)	2.020s (~)	0.860s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.162s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.012s (+18.1% 🔺)	2.020s (~)	0.858s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.175s (+1.0%)	2.001s (~)	0.001s (-7.1% 🟢)	2.012s (~)	0.836s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.179s (+1.3%)	2.001s (~)	0.002s (+15.4% 🔺)	2.011s (~)	0.832s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.189s (+1.6%)	1.999s (~)	0.001s (+16.7% 🔺)	2.010s (~)	0.821s	10	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.971s (-2.6%)	3.486s (+6.3% 🔺)	1.881s (+10.6% 🔺)	5.797s (+5.3% 🔺)	3.826s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.971s (-1.3%)	3.449s (+17.0% 🔺)	1.758s (-15.1% 🟢)	5.699s (+3.4%)	3.728s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.887s (+8.3% 🔺)	4.531s (+14.9% 🔺)	1.832s (+27.8% 🔺)	7.595s (+9.7% 🔺)	3.708s	10	1.97x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.561s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.013s (+3.1%)	2.026s (~)	0.465s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.566s (-5.3% 🟢)	1.974s (-1.4%)	0.013s (+2.8%)	2.027s (-1.6%)	0.462s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.581s (+2.3%)	2.012s (~)	0.012s (-3.1%)	2.027s (~)	0.446s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.594s (+3.5%)	2.006s (~)	0.005s (+0.7%)	2.027s (~)	0.433s	30	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.608s (+2.8%)	2.004s (~)	0.005s (+2.8%)	2.026s (~)	0.418s	30	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.654s (~)	2.042s (+1.6%)	0.005s (-11.9% 🟢)	2.059s (+1.6%)	0.405s	30	1.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.816s (+4.5%)	7.332s (+7.0% 🔺)	0.315s (+45.9% 🔺)	8.250s (+10.2% 🔺)	2.434s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.096s (+8.1% 🔺)	7.618s (+7.1% 🔺)	0.259s (+11.6% 🔺)	8.310s (+6.0% 🔺)	2.214s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.790s (+17.1% 🔺)	11.922s (+15.0% 🔺)	0.253s (-52.4% 🟢)	13.272s (+11.6% 🔺)	2.482s	5	1.86x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.774s (+0.7%)	1.009s (-3.7%)	0.000s (+93.1% 🔺)	1.050s (-2.4%)	0.276s	58	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.808s (+5.3% 🔺)	1.062s (+1.6%)	0.000s (+1.8%)	1.092s (+3.0%)	0.284s	56	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.037s (-0.6%)	1.419s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.427s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.390s	43	1.34x
💻 Local	Express	1.219s (-5.8% 🟢)	2.013s (~)	0.000s (~)	2.016s (~)	0.796s	30	1.58x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.258s (-2.9%)	1.982s (-1.6%)	0.000s (-3.2%)	1.984s (-1.6%)	0.727s	31	1.62x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.365s (-3.2%)	1.981s (~)	0.000s (-46.2% 🟢)	2.016s (~)	0.652s	30	1.76x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.238s (+8.8% 🔺)	4.401s (+0.9%)	0.000s (-50.0% 🟢)	4.884s (~)	1.646s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.466s (+20.1% 🔺)	4.759s (+14.1% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	5.424s (+17.7% 🔺)	1.958s	12	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.312s (+18.5% 🔺)	6.120s (+12.4% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	7.252s (+15.5% 🔺)	1.940s	9	1.64x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.715s (+1.5%)	2.303s (~)	0.000s (+100.0% 🔺)	2.356s (+1.7%)	0.642s	26	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.821s (+3.8%)	2.493s (+8.9% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.530s (+9.8% 🔺)	0.709s	24	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.702s (-6.8% 🟢)	3.213s (-5.2% 🟢)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	3.221s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.519s	19	1.58x
💻 Local	Express	3.419s (-6.8% 🟢)	4.025s (-3.4%)	0.001s (+175.0% 🔺)	4.028s (-3.4%)	0.609s	15	1.99x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.498s (-4.1%)	3.930s (-4.7%)	0.001s (+25.0% 🔺)	3.976s (-4.7%)	0.477s	16	2.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.581s (-4.1%)	4.092s (-3.2%)	0.001s (+25.0% 🔺)	4.096s (-3.2%)	0.515s	15	2.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.643s (+8.6% 🔺)	6.287s (+14.7% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	6.766s (+14.2% 🔺)	2.123s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.820s (+11.9% 🔺)	6.065s (+6.0% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	6.510s (+4.7%)	1.691s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.287s (+28.8% 🔺)	9.448s (+34.2% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	10.669s (+30.6% 🔺)	2.383s	6	1.78x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	9/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	8/21
▲ Vercel	Express	11/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	15/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	15/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	14/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Platformatic: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[socket-security]

Review the following changes in direct dependencies. Learn more about Socket for GitHub.

Diff	Package	Supply Chain Security	Vulnerability	Quality	Maintenance	License
	npm/​typescript@​6.0.3

View full report

[VaguelySerious]

LGTM assuming CI passes

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2706. Merge conflicts were resolved by AI — please review carefully. (backport job run)

[NathanColosimo]

Summary

• Upgrade the workspace TypeScript catalog from 5.9.3 to 6.0.3 and refresh the pnpm lockfile.
• Apply the TS6 config migrations this repo needs: explicit rootDir where package source lives under src, target/types defaults in the shared base config, remove unnecessary baseUrl usage where tooling does not require it, and update old node module resolution where TS6 rejects it.
• Fix TS6 follow-on issues in package builds/tests:
  • use the public @workflow/core/runtime export instead of the dist path from @workflow/next
  • preserve RuntimeDecryptionError.context as an optional runtime property with declare
  • add a CSS module declaration for the web package
  • teach the docs typechecker to ignore TS6's missing side-effect-import diagnostic for intentionally unresolved app-local examples

Why TS6 here, not TS7 yet?

TypeScript 7.0 RC is available as the new native/Go compiler via typescript@rc, and Microsoft's RC post says it is intended to be stable and compatible for CLI/editor workflows. The important caveat for this repo is programmatic usage: the same post says a stable programmatic API is not expected until at least TypeScript 7.1, and recommends keeping TypeScript 6 available side-by-side for tooling that imports typescript directly.

This repository is not only invoking tsc; it imports and uses TypeScript APIs directly in a few places:

• packages/docs-typecheck/src/type-checker.ts uses ts.createProgram, compiler hosts, source files, and diagnostics.
• packages/typescript-plugin/src/index.ts imports typescript/lib/tsserverlibrary for the language service plugin.
• packages/web-shared/test/serializable-revivers.test.ts imports TypeScript AST/parser APIs in a test.

So this PR intentionally moves us to stable TS6 first. That gets the TS6 behavior changes out of the way, and it should make a later TS7 migration smaller once the programmatic/tsserver API story is stable enough for our direct usage.

Reference: https://devblogs.microsoft.com/typescript/announcing-typescript-7-0-rc/

Validation

• pnpm install --frozen-lockfile
• pnpm build
• pnpm typecheck
• pnpm test
• pnpm test:docs
• pnpm --filter @workflow/docs-typecheck build
• APP_NAME=nest pnpm vitest run packages/core/e2e/local-build.test.ts
• node --test ".github/scripts/**/*.test.js"
• pnpm changeset status --since=main
• pnpm exec lint-staged

Note: several upstream packages still declare TypeScript peer ranges that only mention 5.x, so pnpm prints peer warnings during install. The workspace build, typecheck, docs typecheck, and tests all pass against 6.0.3.

[changeset-bot]

⚠️ No Changeset found

Latest commit: 4a527a7

Merging this PR will not cause a version bump for any packages. If these changes should not result in a new version, you're good to go. If these changes should result in a version bump, you need to add a changeset.

This PR includes no changesets

When changesets are added to this PR, you'll see the packages that this PR includes changesets for and the associated semver types

Click here to learn what changesets are, and how to add one.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add a changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1442	0	230	1672
✅ 💻 Local Development	1605	0	219	1824
✅ 📦 Local Production	1605	0	219	1824
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1593	0	231	1824
✅ 🪟 Windows	152	0	0	152
✅ 📋 Other	885	0	179	1064
Total	7282	0	1078	8360

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	125	0	27
✅ example	125	0	27
✅ express	125	0	27
✅ fastify	125	0	27
✅ hono	125	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack	149	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack	149	0	3
✅ nitro	125	0	27
✅ nuxt	125	0	27
✅ sveltekit	144	0	8
✅ vite	125	0	27

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	127	0	25
✅ express-stable	127	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	127	0	25
✅ hono-stable	127	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	127	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	127	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	146	0	6
✅ vite-stable	127	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	127	0	25
✅ express-stable	127	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	127	0	25
✅ hono-stable	127	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	127	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	127	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	146	0	6
✅ vite-stable	127	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	126	0	26
✅ express-stable	126	0	26
✅ fastify-stable	126	0	26
✅ hono-stable	126	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	132	0	20
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	151	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	132	0	20
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	151	0	1
✅ nitro-stable	126	0	26
✅ nuxt-stable	126	0	26
✅ sveltekit-stable	145	0	7
✅ vite-stable	126	0	26

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	152	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	127	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	127	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	126	0	26
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	126	0	26
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	127	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	127	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	125	0	27

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.047s (-3.7%)	1.008s (~)	0.961s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.048s (-14.7% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.959s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.048s (+9.1% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.958s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.059s (-3.6%)	1.012s (~)	0.953s	10	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.063s (-4.4%)	1.013s (~)	0.950s	10	1.35x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.066s (+3.4%)	1.016s (~)	0.949s	10	1.42x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.216s (-16.6% 🟢)	1.415s (-32.7% 🟢)	1.198s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.278s (+31.9% 🔺)	2.270s (+12.4% 🔺)	1.992s	10	1.28x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.389s (+58.6% 🔺)	2.340s (-1.4%)	1.950s	10	1.80x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.080s (-1.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.926s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.086s (+0.5%)	2.007s (~)	0.921s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.087s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.919s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.095s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.915s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.096s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.915s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.105s (+0.9%)	2.010s (~)	0.904s	10	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.452s (+4.9%)	3.150s (+9.7% 🔺)	1.698s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.506s (+7.6% 🔺)	3.053s (-0.7%)	1.547s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.369s (+0.6%)	4.023s (+9.3% 🔺)	1.654s	10	1.63x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.445s (-0.5%)	11.022s (~)	0.577s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.457s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.564s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.459s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.564s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.483s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.540s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.491s (~)	11.019s (~)	0.528s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.506s (~)	11.018s (~)	0.512s	3	1.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	11.898s (+1.5%)	13.490s (-1.4%)	1.592s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	12.050s (+3.2%)	14.186s (+7.0% 🔺)	2.136s	3	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.419s (+2.0%)	15.130s (+1.7%)	1.710s	2	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	13.621s (-0.8%)	14.027s (~)	0.406s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.641s (~)	14.027s (~)	0.386s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	13.642s (~)	14.028s (~)	0.386s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.659s (+0.6%)	14.020s (~)	0.361s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.679s (~)	14.025s (~)	0.345s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.699s (+0.5%)	14.023s (~)	0.324s	5	1.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	17.041s (+3.7%)	19.329s (+7.1% 🔺)	2.288s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	17.106s (+5.2% 🔺)	18.446s (-1.0%)	1.340s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	18.472s (-1.4%)	20.342s (-1.0%)	1.870s	3	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	12.212s (~)	13.025s (~)	0.814s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.240s (+0.5%)	13.021s (~)	0.781s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.261s (-2.7%)	13.016s (-1.1%)	0.754s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.291s (-1.1%)	13.027s (~)	0.736s	7	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	12.385s (+1.7%)	13.026s (~)	0.640s	7	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.421s (+1.6%)	13.020s (~)	0.599s	7	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	20.062s (+12.0% 🔺)	21.766s (+10.3% 🔺)	1.704s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	20.529s (+16.1% 🔺)	22.574s (+17.8% 🔺)	2.045s	4	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	22.640s (+11.0% 🔺)	24.817s (+10.0% 🔺)	2.177s	4	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.190s (+0.7%)	2.008s (~)	0.818s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.191s (-1.4%)	2.008s (~)	0.817s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.199s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.808s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.418s (-0.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.588s	15	1.19x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.426s (+3.4%)	2.006s (~)	0.580s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.502s (-1.2%)	2.073s (+3.3%)	0.571s	15	1.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.121s (-3.6%)	3.883s (+11.0% 🔺)	1.763s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.453s (+7.6% 🔺)	3.971s (+3.2%)	1.518s	8	1.16x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.437s (+7.7% 🔺)	5.171s (+5.5% 🔺)	1.734s	6	1.62x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.317s (-0.8%)	2.592s (+8.3% 🔺)	1.275s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.326s (+0.6%)	2.827s (-3.2%)	1.501s	11	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.387s (+1.7%)	2.510s (+8.4% 🔺)	1.122s	12	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	2.454s (-10.4% 🟢)	3.109s (-3.1%)	0.655s	10	1.86x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.500s (~)	3.009s (+3.1%)	0.508s	10	1.90x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.509s (-2.3%)	3.109s (~)	0.600s	10	1.90x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.514s (+2.7%)	4.020s (+12.7% 🔺)	1.506s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.912s (+15.7% 🔺)	4.645s (+21.4% 🔺)	1.733s	7	1.16x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.281s (+19.6% 🔺)	6.000s (+13.0% 🔺)	1.719s	6	1.70x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.618s (+0.9%)	4.583s (+10.8% 🔺)	2.965s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.643s (+2.4%)	4.261s (+3.0%)	2.618s	8	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.216s (+8.6% 🔺)	6.015s (~)	2.799s	5	1.99x
💻 Local	Express	6.157s (-13.3% 🟢)	6.817s (-10.5% 🟢)	0.660s	5	3.80x
💻 Local	Nitro	6.167s (+7.5% 🔺)	6.616s (~)	0.450s	5	3.81x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.609s (-2.7%)	7.770s (+3.4%)	1.160s	4	4.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.346s (+24.2% 🔺)	5.095s (+12.7% 🔺)	1.749s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.356s (+25.2% 🔺)	5.112s (+13.2% 🔺)	1.757s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.673s (+39.7% 🔺)	7.625s (+27.8% 🔺)	1.953s	4	1.70x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.190s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.817s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.195s (-0.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.812s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.196s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.812s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.400s (-2.6%)	2.007s (~)	0.608s	15	1.18x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.441s (+6.8% 🔺)	2.007s (~)	0.566s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.445s (-2.6%)	2.007s (~)	0.562s	15	1.21x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.207s (+12.5% 🔺)	3.532s (-5.6% 🟢)	1.325s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.555s (+22.8% 🔺)	4.116s (+23.5% 🔺)	1.561s	8	1.16x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.399s (+10.5% 🔺)	5.244s (+10.0% 🔺)	1.845s	6	1.54x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.302s (-1.0%)	3.008s (~)	1.706s	11	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.356s (+2.8%)	2.592s (+8.3% 🔺)	1.237s	12	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.359s (+4.1%)	2.677s (+6.7% 🔺)	1.318s	12	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.518s (+1.8%)	3.210s (+6.7% 🔺)	0.692s	10	1.93x
💻 Local	Express	2.552s (+0.7%)	3.109s (-3.2%)	0.557s	10	1.96x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.613s (-2.9%)	3.210s (-4.0%)	0.597s	10	2.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.433s (+1.2%)	3.893s (+6.7% 🔺)	1.460s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.789s (+4.7%)	4.348s (+4.3%)	1.560s	7	1.15x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.089s (+21.9% 🔺)	6.434s (+28.2% 🔺)	2.345s	5	1.68x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.639s (+2.0%)	4.137s (~)	2.498s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.678s (+3.0%)	4.263s (+3.1%)	2.586s	8	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.979s (+16.1% 🔺)	5.848s (-2.8%)	2.869s	6	1.82x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.572s (-8.7% 🟢)	7.219s (-7.1% 🟢)	0.648s	5	4.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	6.853s (+12.7% 🔺)	7.768s (+14.0% 🔺)	0.916s	4	4.18x
💻 Local	Express	6.901s (-0.9%)	7.415s (-4.6%)	0.514s	5	4.21x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.955s (-2.5%)	4.831s (+3.2%)	1.876s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.147s (+4.9%)	4.821s (-2.0%)	1.674s	7	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.762s (+6.9% 🔺)	6.953s (+13.1% 🔺)	2.190s	5	1.61x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.560s (+1.6%)	1.006s (~)	0.446s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.568s (+3.5%)	1.024s (~)	0.456s	59	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	0.592s (~)	1.005s (~)	0.413s	60	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.600s (+11.1% 🔺)	1.041s (+1.7%)	0.441s	58	1.07x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.605s (+2.6%)	1.022s (~)	0.417s	59	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.646s (+3.7%)	1.022s (+1.7%)	0.376s	59	1.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.858s (+7.3% 🔺)	4.575s (+6.9% 🔺)	1.717s	14	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.063s (+21.9% 🔺)	5.004s (+24.8% 🔺)	1.941s	12	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.516s (+15.8% 🔺)	6.304s (+12.4% 🔺)	1.789s	10	1.58x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.334s (+3.0%)	2.007s (~)	0.673s	45	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.353s (+3.4%)	2.008s (~)	0.655s	45	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.385s (+7.8% 🔺)	2.007s (~)	0.622s	45	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.487s (+4.4%)	2.006s (~)	0.520s	45	1.11x
💻 Local	Express	1.504s (+2.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.502s	45	1.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.510s (-1.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.497s	45	1.13x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	7.075s (+18.5% 🔺)	8.916s (+22.9% 🔺)	1.841s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	7.667s (+27.3% 🔺)	9.299s (+21.5% 🔺)	1.632s	10	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.782s (+18.4% 🔺)	11.747s (+20.4% 🔺)	1.965s	8	1.38x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.742s (+1.4%)	3.086s (~)	0.344s	39	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.748s (+8.2% 🔺)	3.112s (+1.8%)	0.364s	39	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.769s (+7.5% 🔺)	3.137s (+1.7%)	0.368s	39	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.235s (+2.0%)	4.010s (+5.8% 🔺)	0.774s	30	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	3.265s (+1.6%)	4.010s (~)	0.745s	30	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.275s (-3.8%)	4.043s (~)	0.768s	30	1.19x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.591s (+16.5% 🔺)	15.837s (+19.8% 🔺)	2.246s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	13.965s (+15.9% 🔺)	15.791s (+14.9% 🔺)	1.826s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.951s (+28.2% 🔺)	23.116s (+26.5% 🔺)	2.165s	6	1.54x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.191s (+8.8% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.815s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.218s (+1.6%)	1.007s (~)	0.788s	60	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.222s (+3.3%)	1.006s (~)	0.785s	60	1.16x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.479s (+7.7% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.526s	60	2.50x
💻 Local	Express	0.481s (+9.7% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.524s	60	2.51x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.607s (-7.4% 🟢)	1.005s (-1.7%)	0.398s	60	3.18x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.142s (+10.0% 🔺)	2.557s (-2.5%)	1.415s	24	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.711s (+66.7% 🔺)	3.554s (+51.5% 🔺)	1.843s	17	1.50x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.437s (+16.7% 🔺)	3.940s (+4.3%)	1.503s	16	2.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.297s (+5.5% 🔺)	1.042s (+2.3%)	0.744s	87	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.332s (-0.5%)	1.006s (~)	0.674s	90	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.340s (+5.4% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.666s	90	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.165s (-1.0%)	2.736s (-2.1%)	0.571s	33	7.28x
💻 Local	Express	2.191s (+4.1%)	2.912s (+6.4% 🔺)	0.720s	31	7.37x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.693s (-4.1%)	3.181s (-10.4% 🟢)	0.488s	29	9.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.775s (+34.5% 🔺)	3.664s (+43.2% 🔺)	1.889s	25	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.928s (+45.0% 🔺)	3.772s (+34.4% 🔺)	1.844s	24	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.520s (+34.3% 🔺)	5.432s (+34.4% 🔺)	1.913s	17	1.98x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.520s (~)	1.059s (+2.7%)	0.539s	114	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.527s (~)	3.010s (-3.3%)	2.482s	40	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.549s (+3.6%)	1.128s (+7.5% 🔺)	0.579s	107	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.931s (-2.4%)	11.029s (-1.6%)	1.098s	11	19.10x
💻 Local	Express	9.952s (-1.1%)	11.030s (-1.6%)	1.078s	11	19.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.987s (+3.5%)	11.030s (+2.3%)	1.043s	11	19.21x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.081s (+2.5%)	3.979s (+1.2%)	1.898s	31	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.867s (+23.3% 🔺)	6.891s (+23.0% 🔺)	2.023s	18	2.34x
▲ Vercel	Express	106.469s (+5947.1% 🔺)	108.801s (+3065.2% 🔺)	2.331s	3	51.17x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.139s (-2.3%)	1.967s (~)	0.010s (-22.0% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.879s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.160s (~)	2.004s (~)	0.013s (+0.8%)	2.020s (~)	0.860s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.162s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.012s (+18.1% 🔺)	2.020s (~)	0.858s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.175s (+1.0%)	2.001s (~)	0.001s (-7.1% 🟢)	2.012s (~)	0.836s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.179s (+1.3%)	2.001s (~)	0.002s (+15.4% 🔺)	2.011s (~)	0.832s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.189s (+1.6%)	1.999s (~)	0.001s (+16.7% 🔺)	2.010s (~)	0.821s	10	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.971s (-2.6%)	3.486s (+6.3% 🔺)	1.881s (+10.6% 🔺)	5.797s (+5.3% 🔺)	3.826s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.971s (-1.3%)	3.449s (+17.0% 🔺)	1.758s (-15.1% 🟢)	5.699s (+3.4%)	3.728s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.887s (+8.3% 🔺)	4.531s (+14.9% 🔺)	1.832s (+27.8% 🔺)	7.595s (+9.7% 🔺)	3.708s	10	1.97x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.561s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.013s (+3.1%)	2.026s (~)	0.465s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.566s (-5.3% 🟢)	1.974s (-1.4%)	0.013s (+2.8%)	2.027s (-1.6%)	0.462s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.581s (+2.3%)	2.012s (~)	0.012s (-3.1%)	2.027s (~)	0.446s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.594s (+3.5%)	2.006s (~)	0.005s (+0.7%)	2.027s (~)	0.433s	30	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.608s (+2.8%)	2.004s (~)	0.005s (+2.8%)	2.026s (~)	0.418s	30	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.654s (~)	2.042s (+1.6%)	0.005s (-11.9% 🟢)	2.059s (+1.6%)	0.405s	30	1.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.816s (+4.5%)	7.332s (+7.0% 🔺)	0.315s (+45.9% 🔺)	8.250s (+10.2% 🔺)	2.434s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.096s (+8.1% 🔺)	7.618s (+7.1% 🔺)	0.259s (+11.6% 🔺)	8.310s (+6.0% 🔺)	2.214s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.790s (+17.1% 🔺)	11.922s (+15.0% 🔺)	0.253s (-52.4% 🟢)	13.272s (+11.6% 🔺)	2.482s	5	1.86x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.774s (+0.7%)	1.009s (-3.7%)	0.000s (+93.1% 🔺)	1.050s (-2.4%)	0.276s	58	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.808s (+5.3% 🔺)	1.062s (+1.6%)	0.000s (+1.8%)	1.092s (+3.0%)	0.284s	56	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.037s (-0.6%)	1.419s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.427s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.390s	43	1.34x
💻 Local	Express	1.219s (-5.8% 🟢)	2.013s (~)	0.000s (~)	2.016s (~)	0.796s	30	1.58x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.258s (-2.9%)	1.982s (-1.6%)	0.000s (-3.2%)	1.984s (-1.6%)	0.727s	31	1.62x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.365s (-3.2%)	1.981s (~)	0.000s (-46.2% 🟢)	2.016s (~)	0.652s	30	1.76x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.238s (+8.8% 🔺)	4.401s (+0.9%)	0.000s (-50.0% 🟢)	4.884s (~)	1.646s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.466s (+20.1% 🔺)	4.759s (+14.1% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	5.424s (+17.7% 🔺)	1.958s	12	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.312s (+18.5% 🔺)	6.120s (+12.4% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	7.252s (+15.5% 🔺)	1.940s	9	1.64x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.715s (+1.5%)	2.303s (~)	0.000s (+100.0% 🔺)	2.356s (+1.7%)	0.642s	26	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.821s (+3.8%)	2.493s (+8.9% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.530s (+9.8% 🔺)	0.709s	24	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.702s (-6.8% 🟢)	3.213s (-5.2% 🟢)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	3.221s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.519s	19	1.58x
💻 Local	Express	3.419s (-6.8% 🟢)	4.025s (-3.4%)	0.001s (+175.0% 🔺)	4.028s (-3.4%)	0.609s	15	1.99x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.498s (-4.1%)	3.930s (-4.7%)	0.001s (+25.0% 🔺)	3.976s (-4.7%)	0.477s	16	2.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.581s (-4.1%)	4.092s (-3.2%)	0.001s (+25.0% 🔺)	4.096s (-3.2%)	0.515s	15	2.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.643s (+8.6% 🔺)	6.287s (+14.7% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	6.766s (+14.2% 🔺)	2.123s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.820s (+11.9% 🔺)	6.065s (+6.0% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	6.510s (+4.7%)	1.691s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.287s (+28.8% 🔺)	9.448s (+34.2% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	10.669s (+30.6% 🔺)	2.383s	6	1.78x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	9/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	8/21
▲ Vercel	Express	11/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	15/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	15/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	14/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Platformatic: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[socket-security]

Review the following changes in direct dependencies. Learn more about Socket for GitHub.

Diff	Package	Supply Chain Security	Vulnerability	Quality	Maintenance	License
	npm/​typescript@​6.0.3

View full report

[VaguelySerious]

LGTM assuming CI passes

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2706. Merge conflicts were resolved by AI — please review carefully. (backport job run)

[NathanColosimo]

Summary

• Upgrade the workspace TypeScript catalog from 5.9.3 to 6.0.3 and refresh the pnpm lockfile.
• Apply the TS6 config migrations this repo needs: explicit rootDir where package source lives under src, target/types defaults in the shared base config, remove unnecessary baseUrl usage where tooling does not require it, and update old node module resolution where TS6 rejects it.
• Fix TS6 follow-on issues in package builds/tests:
  • use the public @workflow/core/runtime export instead of the dist path from @workflow/next
  • preserve RuntimeDecryptionError.context as an optional runtime property with declare
  • add a CSS module declaration for the web package
  • teach the docs typechecker to ignore TS6's missing side-effect-import diagnostic for intentionally unresolved app-local examples

Why TS6 here, not TS7 yet?

TypeScript 7.0 RC is available as the new native/Go compiler via typescript@rc, and Microsoft's RC post says it is intended to be stable and compatible for CLI/editor workflows. The important caveat for this repo is programmatic usage: the same post says a stable programmatic API is not expected until at least TypeScript 7.1, and recommends keeping TypeScript 6 available side-by-side for tooling that imports typescript directly.

This repository is not only invoking tsc; it imports and uses TypeScript APIs directly in a few places:

• packages/docs-typecheck/src/type-checker.ts uses ts.createProgram, compiler hosts, source files, and diagnostics.
• packages/typescript-plugin/src/index.ts imports typescript/lib/tsserverlibrary for the language service plugin.
• packages/web-shared/test/serializable-revivers.test.ts imports TypeScript AST/parser APIs in a test.

So this PR intentionally moves us to stable TS6 first. That gets the TS6 behavior changes out of the way, and it should make a later TS7 migration smaller once the programmatic/tsserver API story is stable enough for our direct usage.

Reference: https://devblogs.microsoft.com/typescript/announcing-typescript-7-0-rc/

Validation

• pnpm install --frozen-lockfile
• pnpm build
• pnpm typecheck
• pnpm test
• pnpm test:docs
• pnpm --filter @workflow/docs-typecheck build
• APP_NAME=nest pnpm vitest run packages/core/e2e/local-build.test.ts
• node --test ".github/scripts/**/*.test.js"
• pnpm changeset status --since=main
• pnpm exec lint-staged

Note: several upstream packages still declare TypeScript peer ranges that only mention 5.x, so pnpm prints peer warnings during install. The workspace build, typecheck, docs typecheck, and tests all pass against 6.0.3.

[changeset-bot]

⚠️ No Changeset found

Latest commit: 4a527a7

Merging this PR will not cause a version bump for any packages. If these changes should not result in a new version, you're good to go. If these changes should result in a version bump, you need to add a changeset.

This PR includes no changesets

When changesets are added to this PR, you'll see the packages that this PR includes changesets for and the associated semver types

Click here to learn what changesets are, and how to add one.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add a changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1442	0	230	1672
✅ 💻 Local Development	1605	0	219	1824
✅ 📦 Local Production	1605	0	219	1824
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1593	0	231	1824
✅ 🪟 Windows	152	0	0	152
✅ 📋 Other	885	0	179	1064
Total	7282	0	1078	8360

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	125	0	27
✅ example	125	0	27
✅ express	125	0	27
✅ fastify	125	0	27
✅ hono	125	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack	149	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack	149	0	3
✅ nitro	125	0	27
✅ nuxt	125	0	27
✅ sveltekit	144	0	8
✅ vite	125	0	27

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	127	0	25
✅ express-stable	127	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	127	0	25
✅ hono-stable	127	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	127	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	127	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	146	0	6
✅ vite-stable	127	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	127	0	25
✅ express-stable	127	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	127	0	25
✅ hono-stable	127	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	127	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	127	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	146	0	6
✅ vite-stable	127	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	126	0	26
✅ express-stable	126	0	26
✅ fastify-stable	126	0	26
✅ hono-stable	126	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	132	0	20
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	151	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	132	0	20
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	151	0	1
✅ nitro-stable	126	0	26
✅ nuxt-stable	126	0	26
✅ sveltekit-stable	145	0	7
✅ vite-stable	126	0	26

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	152	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	127	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	127	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	126	0	26
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	126	0	26
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	127	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	127	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	125	0	27

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.047s (-3.7%)	1.008s (~)	0.961s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.048s (-14.7% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.959s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.048s (+9.1% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.958s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.059s (-3.6%)	1.012s (~)	0.953s	10	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.063s (-4.4%)	1.013s (~)	0.950s	10	1.35x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.066s (+3.4%)	1.016s (~)	0.949s	10	1.42x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.216s (-16.6% 🟢)	1.415s (-32.7% 🟢)	1.198s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.278s (+31.9% 🔺)	2.270s (+12.4% 🔺)	1.992s	10	1.28x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.389s (+58.6% 🔺)	2.340s (-1.4%)	1.950s	10	1.80x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.080s (-1.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.926s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.086s (+0.5%)	2.007s (~)	0.921s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.087s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.919s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.095s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.915s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.096s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.915s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.105s (+0.9%)	2.010s (~)	0.904s	10	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.452s (+4.9%)	3.150s (+9.7% 🔺)	1.698s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.506s (+7.6% 🔺)	3.053s (-0.7%)	1.547s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.369s (+0.6%)	4.023s (+9.3% 🔺)	1.654s	10	1.63x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.445s (-0.5%)	11.022s (~)	0.577s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.457s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.564s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.459s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.564s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.483s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.540s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.491s (~)	11.019s (~)	0.528s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.506s (~)	11.018s (~)	0.512s	3	1.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	11.898s (+1.5%)	13.490s (-1.4%)	1.592s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	12.050s (+3.2%)	14.186s (+7.0% 🔺)	2.136s	3	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.419s (+2.0%)	15.130s (+1.7%)	1.710s	2	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	13.621s (-0.8%)	14.027s (~)	0.406s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.641s (~)	14.027s (~)	0.386s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	13.642s (~)	14.028s (~)	0.386s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.659s (+0.6%)	14.020s (~)	0.361s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.679s (~)	14.025s (~)	0.345s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.699s (+0.5%)	14.023s (~)	0.324s	5	1.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	17.041s (+3.7%)	19.329s (+7.1% 🔺)	2.288s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	17.106s (+5.2% 🔺)	18.446s (-1.0%)	1.340s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	18.472s (-1.4%)	20.342s (-1.0%)	1.870s	3	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	12.212s (~)	13.025s (~)	0.814s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.240s (+0.5%)	13.021s (~)	0.781s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.261s (-2.7%)	13.016s (-1.1%)	0.754s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.291s (-1.1%)	13.027s (~)	0.736s	7	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	12.385s (+1.7%)	13.026s (~)	0.640s	7	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.421s (+1.6%)	13.020s (~)	0.599s	7	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	20.062s (+12.0% 🔺)	21.766s (+10.3% 🔺)	1.704s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	20.529s (+16.1% 🔺)	22.574s (+17.8% 🔺)	2.045s	4	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	22.640s (+11.0% 🔺)	24.817s (+10.0% 🔺)	2.177s	4	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.190s (+0.7%)	2.008s (~)	0.818s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.191s (-1.4%)	2.008s (~)	0.817s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.199s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.808s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.418s (-0.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.588s	15	1.19x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.426s (+3.4%)	2.006s (~)	0.580s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.502s (-1.2%)	2.073s (+3.3%)	0.571s	15	1.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.121s (-3.6%)	3.883s (+11.0% 🔺)	1.763s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.453s (+7.6% 🔺)	3.971s (+3.2%)	1.518s	8	1.16x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.437s (+7.7% 🔺)	5.171s (+5.5% 🔺)	1.734s	6	1.62x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.317s (-0.8%)	2.592s (+8.3% 🔺)	1.275s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.326s (+0.6%)	2.827s (-3.2%)	1.501s	11	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.387s (+1.7%)	2.510s (+8.4% 🔺)	1.122s	12	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	2.454s (-10.4% 🟢)	3.109s (-3.1%)	0.655s	10	1.86x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.500s (~)	3.009s (+3.1%)	0.508s	10	1.90x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.509s (-2.3%)	3.109s (~)	0.600s	10	1.90x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.514s (+2.7%)	4.020s (+12.7% 🔺)	1.506s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.912s (+15.7% 🔺)	4.645s (+21.4% 🔺)	1.733s	7	1.16x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.281s (+19.6% 🔺)	6.000s (+13.0% 🔺)	1.719s	6	1.70x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.618s (+0.9%)	4.583s (+10.8% 🔺)	2.965s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.643s (+2.4%)	4.261s (+3.0%)	2.618s	8	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.216s (+8.6% 🔺)	6.015s (~)	2.799s	5	1.99x
💻 Local	Express	6.157s (-13.3% 🟢)	6.817s (-10.5% 🟢)	0.660s	5	3.80x
💻 Local	Nitro	6.167s (+7.5% 🔺)	6.616s (~)	0.450s	5	3.81x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.609s (-2.7%)	7.770s (+3.4%)	1.160s	4	4.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.346s (+24.2% 🔺)	5.095s (+12.7% 🔺)	1.749s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.356s (+25.2% 🔺)	5.112s (+13.2% 🔺)	1.757s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.673s (+39.7% 🔺)	7.625s (+27.8% 🔺)	1.953s	4	1.70x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.190s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.817s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.195s (-0.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.812s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.196s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.812s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.400s (-2.6%)	2.007s (~)	0.608s	15	1.18x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.441s (+6.8% 🔺)	2.007s (~)	0.566s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.445s (-2.6%)	2.007s (~)	0.562s	15	1.21x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.207s (+12.5% 🔺)	3.532s (-5.6% 🟢)	1.325s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.555s (+22.8% 🔺)	4.116s (+23.5% 🔺)	1.561s	8	1.16x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.399s (+10.5% 🔺)	5.244s (+10.0% 🔺)	1.845s	6	1.54x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.302s (-1.0%)	3.008s (~)	1.706s	11	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.356s (+2.8%)	2.592s (+8.3% 🔺)	1.237s	12	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.359s (+4.1%)	2.677s (+6.7% 🔺)	1.318s	12	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.518s (+1.8%)	3.210s (+6.7% 🔺)	0.692s	10	1.93x
💻 Local	Express	2.552s (+0.7%)	3.109s (-3.2%)	0.557s	10	1.96x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.613s (-2.9%)	3.210s (-4.0%)	0.597s	10	2.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.433s (+1.2%)	3.893s (+6.7% 🔺)	1.460s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.789s (+4.7%)	4.348s (+4.3%)	1.560s	7	1.15x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.089s (+21.9% 🔺)	6.434s (+28.2% 🔺)	2.345s	5	1.68x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.639s (+2.0%)	4.137s (~)	2.498s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.678s (+3.0%)	4.263s (+3.1%)	2.586s	8	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.979s (+16.1% 🔺)	5.848s (-2.8%)	2.869s	6	1.82x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.572s (-8.7% 🟢)	7.219s (-7.1% 🟢)	0.648s	5	4.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	6.853s (+12.7% 🔺)	7.768s (+14.0% 🔺)	0.916s	4	4.18x
💻 Local	Express	6.901s (-0.9%)	7.415s (-4.6%)	0.514s	5	4.21x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.955s (-2.5%)	4.831s (+3.2%)	1.876s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.147s (+4.9%)	4.821s (-2.0%)	1.674s	7	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.762s (+6.9% 🔺)	6.953s (+13.1% 🔺)	2.190s	5	1.61x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.560s (+1.6%)	1.006s (~)	0.446s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.568s (+3.5%)	1.024s (~)	0.456s	59	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	0.592s (~)	1.005s (~)	0.413s	60	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.600s (+11.1% 🔺)	1.041s (+1.7%)	0.441s	58	1.07x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.605s (+2.6%)	1.022s (~)	0.417s	59	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.646s (+3.7%)	1.022s (+1.7%)	0.376s	59	1.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.858s (+7.3% 🔺)	4.575s (+6.9% 🔺)	1.717s	14	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.063s (+21.9% 🔺)	5.004s (+24.8% 🔺)	1.941s	12	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.516s (+15.8% 🔺)	6.304s (+12.4% 🔺)	1.789s	10	1.58x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.334s (+3.0%)	2.007s (~)	0.673s	45	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.353s (+3.4%)	2.008s (~)	0.655s	45	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.385s (+7.8% 🔺)	2.007s (~)	0.622s	45	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.487s (+4.4%)	2.006s (~)	0.520s	45	1.11x
💻 Local	Express	1.504s (+2.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.502s	45	1.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.510s (-1.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.497s	45	1.13x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	7.075s (+18.5% 🔺)	8.916s (+22.9% 🔺)	1.841s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	7.667s (+27.3% 🔺)	9.299s (+21.5% 🔺)	1.632s	10	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.782s (+18.4% 🔺)	11.747s (+20.4% 🔺)	1.965s	8	1.38x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.742s (+1.4%)	3.086s (~)	0.344s	39	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.748s (+8.2% 🔺)	3.112s (+1.8%)	0.364s	39	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.769s (+7.5% 🔺)	3.137s (+1.7%)	0.368s	39	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.235s (+2.0%)	4.010s (+5.8% 🔺)	0.774s	30	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	3.265s (+1.6%)	4.010s (~)	0.745s	30	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.275s (-3.8%)	4.043s (~)	0.768s	30	1.19x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.591s (+16.5% 🔺)	15.837s (+19.8% 🔺)	2.246s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	13.965s (+15.9% 🔺)	15.791s (+14.9% 🔺)	1.826s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.951s (+28.2% 🔺)	23.116s (+26.5% 🔺)	2.165s	6	1.54x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.191s (+8.8% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.815s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.218s (+1.6%)	1.007s (~)	0.788s	60	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.222s (+3.3%)	1.006s (~)	0.785s	60	1.16x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.479s (+7.7% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.526s	60	2.50x
💻 Local	Express	0.481s (+9.7% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.524s	60	2.51x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.607s (-7.4% 🟢)	1.005s (-1.7%)	0.398s	60	3.18x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.142s (+10.0% 🔺)	2.557s (-2.5%)	1.415s	24	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.711s (+66.7% 🔺)	3.554s (+51.5% 🔺)	1.843s	17	1.50x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.437s (+16.7% 🔺)	3.940s (+4.3%)	1.503s	16	2.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.297s (+5.5% 🔺)	1.042s (+2.3%)	0.744s	87	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.332s (-0.5%)	1.006s (~)	0.674s	90	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.340s (+5.4% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.666s	90	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.165s (-1.0%)	2.736s (-2.1%)	0.571s	33	7.28x
💻 Local	Express	2.191s (+4.1%)	2.912s (+6.4% 🔺)	0.720s	31	7.37x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.693s (-4.1%)	3.181s (-10.4% 🟢)	0.488s	29	9.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.775s (+34.5% 🔺)	3.664s (+43.2% 🔺)	1.889s	25	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.928s (+45.0% 🔺)	3.772s (+34.4% 🔺)	1.844s	24	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.520s (+34.3% 🔺)	5.432s (+34.4% 🔺)	1.913s	17	1.98x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.520s (~)	1.059s (+2.7%)	0.539s	114	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.527s (~)	3.010s (-3.3%)	2.482s	40	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.549s (+3.6%)	1.128s (+7.5% 🔺)	0.579s	107	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.931s (-2.4%)	11.029s (-1.6%)	1.098s	11	19.10x
💻 Local	Express	9.952s (-1.1%)	11.030s (-1.6%)	1.078s	11	19.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.987s (+3.5%)	11.030s (+2.3%)	1.043s	11	19.21x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.081s (+2.5%)	3.979s (+1.2%)	1.898s	31	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.867s (+23.3% 🔺)	6.891s (+23.0% 🔺)	2.023s	18	2.34x
▲ Vercel	Express	106.469s (+5947.1% 🔺)	108.801s (+3065.2% 🔺)	2.331s	3	51.17x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.139s (-2.3%)	1.967s (~)	0.010s (-22.0% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.879s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.160s (~)	2.004s (~)	0.013s (+0.8%)	2.020s (~)	0.860s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.162s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.012s (+18.1% 🔺)	2.020s (~)	0.858s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.175s (+1.0%)	2.001s (~)	0.001s (-7.1% 🟢)	2.012s (~)	0.836s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.179s (+1.3%)	2.001s (~)	0.002s (+15.4% 🔺)	2.011s (~)	0.832s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.189s (+1.6%)	1.999s (~)	0.001s (+16.7% 🔺)	2.010s (~)	0.821s	10	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.971s (-2.6%)	3.486s (+6.3% 🔺)	1.881s (+10.6% 🔺)	5.797s (+5.3% 🔺)	3.826s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.971s (-1.3%)	3.449s (+17.0% 🔺)	1.758s (-15.1% 🟢)	5.699s (+3.4%)	3.728s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.887s (+8.3% 🔺)	4.531s (+14.9% 🔺)	1.832s (+27.8% 🔺)	7.595s (+9.7% 🔺)	3.708s	10	1.97x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.561s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.013s (+3.1%)	2.026s (~)	0.465s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.566s (-5.3% 🟢)	1.974s (-1.4%)	0.013s (+2.8%)	2.027s (-1.6%)	0.462s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.581s (+2.3%)	2.012s (~)	0.012s (-3.1%)	2.027s (~)	0.446s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.594s (+3.5%)	2.006s (~)	0.005s (+0.7%)	2.027s (~)	0.433s	30	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.608s (+2.8%)	2.004s (~)	0.005s (+2.8%)	2.026s (~)	0.418s	30	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.654s (~)	2.042s (+1.6%)	0.005s (-11.9% 🟢)	2.059s (+1.6%)	0.405s	30	1.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.816s (+4.5%)	7.332s (+7.0% 🔺)	0.315s (+45.9% 🔺)	8.250s (+10.2% 🔺)	2.434s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.096s (+8.1% 🔺)	7.618s (+7.1% 🔺)	0.259s (+11.6% 🔺)	8.310s (+6.0% 🔺)	2.214s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.790s (+17.1% 🔺)	11.922s (+15.0% 🔺)	0.253s (-52.4% 🟢)	13.272s (+11.6% 🔺)	2.482s	5	1.86x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.774s (+0.7%)	1.009s (-3.7%)	0.000s (+93.1% 🔺)	1.050s (-2.4%)	0.276s	58	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.808s (+5.3% 🔺)	1.062s (+1.6%)	0.000s (+1.8%)	1.092s (+3.0%)	0.284s	56	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.037s (-0.6%)	1.419s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.427s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.390s	43	1.34x
💻 Local	Express	1.219s (-5.8% 🟢)	2.013s (~)	0.000s (~)	2.016s (~)	0.796s	30	1.58x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.258s (-2.9%)	1.982s (-1.6%)	0.000s (-3.2%)	1.984s (-1.6%)	0.727s	31	1.62x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.365s (-3.2%)	1.981s (~)	0.000s (-46.2% 🟢)	2.016s (~)	0.652s	30	1.76x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.238s (+8.8% 🔺)	4.401s (+0.9%)	0.000s (-50.0% 🟢)	4.884s (~)	1.646s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.466s (+20.1% 🔺)	4.759s (+14.1% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	5.424s (+17.7% 🔺)	1.958s	12	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.312s (+18.5% 🔺)	6.120s (+12.4% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	7.252s (+15.5% 🔺)	1.940s	9	1.64x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.715s (+1.5%)	2.303s (~)	0.000s (+100.0% 🔺)	2.356s (+1.7%)	0.642s	26	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.821s (+3.8%)	2.493s (+8.9% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.530s (+9.8% 🔺)	0.709s	24	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.702s (-6.8% 🟢)	3.213s (-5.2% 🟢)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	3.221s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.519s	19	1.58x
💻 Local	Express	3.419s (-6.8% 🟢)	4.025s (-3.4%)	0.001s (+175.0% 🔺)	4.028s (-3.4%)	0.609s	15	1.99x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.498s (-4.1%)	3.930s (-4.7%)	0.001s (+25.0% 🔺)	3.976s (-4.7%)	0.477s	16	2.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.581s (-4.1%)	4.092s (-3.2%)	0.001s (+25.0% 🔺)	4.096s (-3.2%)	0.515s	15	2.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.643s (+8.6% 🔺)	6.287s (+14.7% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	6.766s (+14.2% 🔺)	2.123s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.820s (+11.9% 🔺)	6.065s (+6.0% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	6.510s (+4.7%)	1.691s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.287s (+28.8% 🔺)	9.448s (+34.2% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	10.669s (+30.6% 🔺)	2.383s	6	1.78x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	9/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	8/21
▲ Vercel	Express	11/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	15/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	15/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	14/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Platformatic: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[socket-security]

Review the following changes in direct dependencies. Learn more about Socket for GitHub.

Diff	Package	Supply Chain Security	Vulnerability	Quality	Maintenance	License
	npm/​typescript@​6.0.3

View full report

[VaguelySerious]

LGTM assuming CI passes

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2706. Merge conflicts were resolved by AI — please review carefully. (backport job run)

[NathanColosimo]

Summary

• Upgrade the workspace TypeScript catalog from 5.9.3 to 6.0.3 and refresh the pnpm lockfile.
• Apply the TS6 config migrations this repo needs: explicit rootDir where package source lives under src, target/types defaults in the shared base config, remove unnecessary baseUrl usage where tooling does not require it, and update old node module resolution where TS6 rejects it.
• Fix TS6 follow-on issues in package builds/tests:
  • use the public @workflow/core/runtime export instead of the dist path from @workflow/next
  • preserve RuntimeDecryptionError.context as an optional runtime property with declare
  • add a CSS module declaration for the web package
  • teach the docs typechecker to ignore TS6's missing side-effect-import diagnostic for intentionally unresolved app-local examples

Why TS6 here, not TS7 yet?

TypeScript 7.0 RC is available as the new native/Go compiler via typescript@rc, and Microsoft's RC post says it is intended to be stable and compatible for CLI/editor workflows. The important caveat for this repo is programmatic usage: the same post says a stable programmatic API is not expected until at least TypeScript 7.1, and recommends keeping TypeScript 6 available side-by-side for tooling that imports typescript directly.

This repository is not only invoking tsc; it imports and uses TypeScript APIs directly in a few places:

• packages/docs-typecheck/src/type-checker.ts uses ts.createProgram, compiler hosts, source files, and diagnostics.
• packages/typescript-plugin/src/index.ts imports typescript/lib/tsserverlibrary for the language service plugin.
• packages/web-shared/test/serializable-revivers.test.ts imports TypeScript AST/parser APIs in a test.

So this PR intentionally moves us to stable TS6 first. That gets the TS6 behavior changes out of the way, and it should make a later TS7 migration smaller once the programmatic/tsserver API story is stable enough for our direct usage.

Reference: https://devblogs.microsoft.com/typescript/announcing-typescript-7-0-rc/

Validation

• pnpm install --frozen-lockfile
• pnpm build
• pnpm typecheck
• pnpm test
• pnpm test:docs
• pnpm --filter @workflow/docs-typecheck build
• APP_NAME=nest pnpm vitest run packages/core/e2e/local-build.test.ts
• node --test ".github/scripts/**/*.test.js"
• pnpm changeset status --since=main
• pnpm exec lint-staged

Note: several upstream packages still declare TypeScript peer ranges that only mention 5.x, so pnpm prints peer warnings during install. The workspace build, typecheck, docs typecheck, and tests all pass against 6.0.3.

[changeset-bot]

⚠️ No Changeset found

Latest commit: 4a527a7

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This PR includes no changesets

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[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1442	0	230	1672
✅ 💻 Local Development	1605	0	219	1824
✅ 📦 Local Production	1605	0	219	1824
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1593	0	231	1824
✅ 🪟 Windows	152	0	0	152
✅ 📋 Other	885	0	179	1064
Total	7282	0	1078	8360

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	125	0	27
✅ example	125	0	27
✅ express	125	0	27
✅ fastify	125	0	27
✅ hono	125	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack	149	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack	149	0	3
✅ nitro	125	0	27
✅ nuxt	125	0	27
✅ sveltekit	144	0	8
✅ vite	125	0	27

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	127	0	25
✅ express-stable	127	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	127	0	25
✅ hono-stable	127	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	127	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	127	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	146	0	6
✅ vite-stable	127	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	127	0	25
✅ express-stable	127	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	127	0	25
✅ hono-stable	127	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	127	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	127	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	146	0	6
✅ vite-stable	127	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	126	0	26
✅ express-stable	126	0	26
✅ fastify-stable	126	0	26
✅ hono-stable	126	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	132	0	20
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	151	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	132	0	20
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	151	0	1
✅ nitro-stable	126	0	26
✅ nuxt-stable	126	0	26
✅ sveltekit-stable	145	0	7
✅ vite-stable	126	0	26

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	152	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	127	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	127	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	126	0	26
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	126	0	26
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	127	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	127	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	125	0	27

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.047s (-3.7%)	1.008s (~)	0.961s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.048s (-14.7% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.959s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.048s (+9.1% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.958s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.059s (-3.6%)	1.012s (~)	0.953s	10	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.063s (-4.4%)	1.013s (~)	0.950s	10	1.35x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.066s (+3.4%)	1.016s (~)	0.949s	10	1.42x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.216s (-16.6% 🟢)	1.415s (-32.7% 🟢)	1.198s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.278s (+31.9% 🔺)	2.270s (+12.4% 🔺)	1.992s	10	1.28x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.389s (+58.6% 🔺)	2.340s (-1.4%)	1.950s	10	1.80x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.080s (-1.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.926s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.086s (+0.5%)	2.007s (~)	0.921s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.087s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.919s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.095s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.915s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.096s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.915s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.105s (+0.9%)	2.010s (~)	0.904s	10	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.452s (+4.9%)	3.150s (+9.7% 🔺)	1.698s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.506s (+7.6% 🔺)	3.053s (-0.7%)	1.547s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.369s (+0.6%)	4.023s (+9.3% 🔺)	1.654s	10	1.63x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.445s (-0.5%)	11.022s (~)	0.577s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.457s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.564s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.459s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.564s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.483s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.540s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.491s (~)	11.019s (~)	0.528s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.506s (~)	11.018s (~)	0.512s	3	1.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	11.898s (+1.5%)	13.490s (-1.4%)	1.592s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	12.050s (+3.2%)	14.186s (+7.0% 🔺)	2.136s	3	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.419s (+2.0%)	15.130s (+1.7%)	1.710s	2	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	13.621s (-0.8%)	14.027s (~)	0.406s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.641s (~)	14.027s (~)	0.386s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	13.642s (~)	14.028s (~)	0.386s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.659s (+0.6%)	14.020s (~)	0.361s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.679s (~)	14.025s (~)	0.345s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.699s (+0.5%)	14.023s (~)	0.324s	5	1.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	17.041s (+3.7%)	19.329s (+7.1% 🔺)	2.288s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	17.106s (+5.2% 🔺)	18.446s (-1.0%)	1.340s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	18.472s (-1.4%)	20.342s (-1.0%)	1.870s	3	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	12.212s (~)	13.025s (~)	0.814s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.240s (+0.5%)	13.021s (~)	0.781s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.261s (-2.7%)	13.016s (-1.1%)	0.754s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.291s (-1.1%)	13.027s (~)	0.736s	7	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	12.385s (+1.7%)	13.026s (~)	0.640s	7	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.421s (+1.6%)	13.020s (~)	0.599s	7	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	20.062s (+12.0% 🔺)	21.766s (+10.3% 🔺)	1.704s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	20.529s (+16.1% 🔺)	22.574s (+17.8% 🔺)	2.045s	4	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	22.640s (+11.0% 🔺)	24.817s (+10.0% 🔺)	2.177s	4	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.190s (+0.7%)	2.008s (~)	0.818s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.191s (-1.4%)	2.008s (~)	0.817s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.199s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.808s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.418s (-0.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.588s	15	1.19x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.426s (+3.4%)	2.006s (~)	0.580s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.502s (-1.2%)	2.073s (+3.3%)	0.571s	15	1.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.121s (-3.6%)	3.883s (+11.0% 🔺)	1.763s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.453s (+7.6% 🔺)	3.971s (+3.2%)	1.518s	8	1.16x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.437s (+7.7% 🔺)	5.171s (+5.5% 🔺)	1.734s	6	1.62x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.317s (-0.8%)	2.592s (+8.3% 🔺)	1.275s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.326s (+0.6%)	2.827s (-3.2%)	1.501s	11	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.387s (+1.7%)	2.510s (+8.4% 🔺)	1.122s	12	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	2.454s (-10.4% 🟢)	3.109s (-3.1%)	0.655s	10	1.86x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.500s (~)	3.009s (+3.1%)	0.508s	10	1.90x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.509s (-2.3%)	3.109s (~)	0.600s	10	1.90x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.514s (+2.7%)	4.020s (+12.7% 🔺)	1.506s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.912s (+15.7% 🔺)	4.645s (+21.4% 🔺)	1.733s	7	1.16x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.281s (+19.6% 🔺)	6.000s (+13.0% 🔺)	1.719s	6	1.70x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.618s (+0.9%)	4.583s (+10.8% 🔺)	2.965s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.643s (+2.4%)	4.261s (+3.0%)	2.618s	8	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.216s (+8.6% 🔺)	6.015s (~)	2.799s	5	1.99x
💻 Local	Express	6.157s (-13.3% 🟢)	6.817s (-10.5% 🟢)	0.660s	5	3.80x
💻 Local	Nitro	6.167s (+7.5% 🔺)	6.616s (~)	0.450s	5	3.81x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.609s (-2.7%)	7.770s (+3.4%)	1.160s	4	4.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.346s (+24.2% 🔺)	5.095s (+12.7% 🔺)	1.749s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.356s (+25.2% 🔺)	5.112s (+13.2% 🔺)	1.757s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.673s (+39.7% 🔺)	7.625s (+27.8% 🔺)	1.953s	4	1.70x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.190s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.817s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.195s (-0.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.812s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.196s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.812s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.400s (-2.6%)	2.007s (~)	0.608s	15	1.18x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.441s (+6.8% 🔺)	2.007s (~)	0.566s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.445s (-2.6%)	2.007s (~)	0.562s	15	1.21x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.207s (+12.5% 🔺)	3.532s (-5.6% 🟢)	1.325s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.555s (+22.8% 🔺)	4.116s (+23.5% 🔺)	1.561s	8	1.16x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.399s (+10.5% 🔺)	5.244s (+10.0% 🔺)	1.845s	6	1.54x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.302s (-1.0%)	3.008s (~)	1.706s	11	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.356s (+2.8%)	2.592s (+8.3% 🔺)	1.237s	12	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.359s (+4.1%)	2.677s (+6.7% 🔺)	1.318s	12	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.518s (+1.8%)	3.210s (+6.7% 🔺)	0.692s	10	1.93x
💻 Local	Express	2.552s (+0.7%)	3.109s (-3.2%)	0.557s	10	1.96x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.613s (-2.9%)	3.210s (-4.0%)	0.597s	10	2.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.433s (+1.2%)	3.893s (+6.7% 🔺)	1.460s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.789s (+4.7%)	4.348s (+4.3%)	1.560s	7	1.15x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.089s (+21.9% 🔺)	6.434s (+28.2% 🔺)	2.345s	5	1.68x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.639s (+2.0%)	4.137s (~)	2.498s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.678s (+3.0%)	4.263s (+3.1%)	2.586s	8	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.979s (+16.1% 🔺)	5.848s (-2.8%)	2.869s	6	1.82x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.572s (-8.7% 🟢)	7.219s (-7.1% 🟢)	0.648s	5	4.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	6.853s (+12.7% 🔺)	7.768s (+14.0% 🔺)	0.916s	4	4.18x
💻 Local	Express	6.901s (-0.9%)	7.415s (-4.6%)	0.514s	5	4.21x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.955s (-2.5%)	4.831s (+3.2%)	1.876s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.147s (+4.9%)	4.821s (-2.0%)	1.674s	7	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.762s (+6.9% 🔺)	6.953s (+13.1% 🔺)	2.190s	5	1.61x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.560s (+1.6%)	1.006s (~)	0.446s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.568s (+3.5%)	1.024s (~)	0.456s	59	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	0.592s (~)	1.005s (~)	0.413s	60	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.600s (+11.1% 🔺)	1.041s (+1.7%)	0.441s	58	1.07x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.605s (+2.6%)	1.022s (~)	0.417s	59	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.646s (+3.7%)	1.022s (+1.7%)	0.376s	59	1.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.858s (+7.3% 🔺)	4.575s (+6.9% 🔺)	1.717s	14	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.063s (+21.9% 🔺)	5.004s (+24.8% 🔺)	1.941s	12	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.516s (+15.8% 🔺)	6.304s (+12.4% 🔺)	1.789s	10	1.58x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.334s (+3.0%)	2.007s (~)	0.673s	45	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.353s (+3.4%)	2.008s (~)	0.655s	45	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.385s (+7.8% 🔺)	2.007s (~)	0.622s	45	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.487s (+4.4%)	2.006s (~)	0.520s	45	1.11x
💻 Local	Express	1.504s (+2.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.502s	45	1.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.510s (-1.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.497s	45	1.13x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	7.075s (+18.5% 🔺)	8.916s (+22.9% 🔺)	1.841s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	7.667s (+27.3% 🔺)	9.299s (+21.5% 🔺)	1.632s	10	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.782s (+18.4% 🔺)	11.747s (+20.4% 🔺)	1.965s	8	1.38x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.742s (+1.4%)	3.086s (~)	0.344s	39	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.748s (+8.2% 🔺)	3.112s (+1.8%)	0.364s	39	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.769s (+7.5% 🔺)	3.137s (+1.7%)	0.368s	39	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.235s (+2.0%)	4.010s (+5.8% 🔺)	0.774s	30	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	3.265s (+1.6%)	4.010s (~)	0.745s	30	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.275s (-3.8%)	4.043s (~)	0.768s	30	1.19x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.591s (+16.5% 🔺)	15.837s (+19.8% 🔺)	2.246s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	13.965s (+15.9% 🔺)	15.791s (+14.9% 🔺)	1.826s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.951s (+28.2% 🔺)	23.116s (+26.5% 🔺)	2.165s	6	1.54x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.191s (+8.8% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.815s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.218s (+1.6%)	1.007s (~)	0.788s	60	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.222s (+3.3%)	1.006s (~)	0.785s	60	1.16x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.479s (+7.7% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.526s	60	2.50x
💻 Local	Express	0.481s (+9.7% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.524s	60	2.51x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.607s (-7.4% 🟢)	1.005s (-1.7%)	0.398s	60	3.18x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.142s (+10.0% 🔺)	2.557s (-2.5%)	1.415s	24	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.711s (+66.7% 🔺)	3.554s (+51.5% 🔺)	1.843s	17	1.50x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.437s (+16.7% 🔺)	3.940s (+4.3%)	1.503s	16	2.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.297s (+5.5% 🔺)	1.042s (+2.3%)	0.744s	87	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.332s (-0.5%)	1.006s (~)	0.674s	90	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.340s (+5.4% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.666s	90	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.165s (-1.0%)	2.736s (-2.1%)	0.571s	33	7.28x
💻 Local	Express	2.191s (+4.1%)	2.912s (+6.4% 🔺)	0.720s	31	7.37x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.693s (-4.1%)	3.181s (-10.4% 🟢)	0.488s	29	9.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.775s (+34.5% 🔺)	3.664s (+43.2% 🔺)	1.889s	25	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.928s (+45.0% 🔺)	3.772s (+34.4% 🔺)	1.844s	24	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.520s (+34.3% 🔺)	5.432s (+34.4% 🔺)	1.913s	17	1.98x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.520s (~)	1.059s (+2.7%)	0.539s	114	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.527s (~)	3.010s (-3.3%)	2.482s	40	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.549s (+3.6%)	1.128s (+7.5% 🔺)	0.579s	107	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.931s (-2.4%)	11.029s (-1.6%)	1.098s	11	19.10x
💻 Local	Express	9.952s (-1.1%)	11.030s (-1.6%)	1.078s	11	19.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.987s (+3.5%)	11.030s (+2.3%)	1.043s	11	19.21x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.081s (+2.5%)	3.979s (+1.2%)	1.898s	31	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.867s (+23.3% 🔺)	6.891s (+23.0% 🔺)	2.023s	18	2.34x
▲ Vercel	Express	106.469s (+5947.1% 🔺)	108.801s (+3065.2% 🔺)	2.331s	3	51.17x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.139s (-2.3%)	1.967s (~)	0.010s (-22.0% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.879s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.160s (~)	2.004s (~)	0.013s (+0.8%)	2.020s (~)	0.860s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.162s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.012s (+18.1% 🔺)	2.020s (~)	0.858s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.175s (+1.0%)	2.001s (~)	0.001s (-7.1% 🟢)	2.012s (~)	0.836s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.179s (+1.3%)	2.001s (~)	0.002s (+15.4% 🔺)	2.011s (~)	0.832s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.189s (+1.6%)	1.999s (~)	0.001s (+16.7% 🔺)	2.010s (~)	0.821s	10	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.971s (-2.6%)	3.486s (+6.3% 🔺)	1.881s (+10.6% 🔺)	5.797s (+5.3% 🔺)	3.826s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.971s (-1.3%)	3.449s (+17.0% 🔺)	1.758s (-15.1% 🟢)	5.699s (+3.4%)	3.728s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.887s (+8.3% 🔺)	4.531s (+14.9% 🔺)	1.832s (+27.8% 🔺)	7.595s (+9.7% 🔺)	3.708s	10	1.97x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.561s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.013s (+3.1%)	2.026s (~)	0.465s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.566s (-5.3% 🟢)	1.974s (-1.4%)	0.013s (+2.8%)	2.027s (-1.6%)	0.462s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.581s (+2.3%)	2.012s (~)	0.012s (-3.1%)	2.027s (~)	0.446s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.594s (+3.5%)	2.006s (~)	0.005s (+0.7%)	2.027s (~)	0.433s	30	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.608s (+2.8%)	2.004s (~)	0.005s (+2.8%)	2.026s (~)	0.418s	30	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.654s (~)	2.042s (+1.6%)	0.005s (-11.9% 🟢)	2.059s (+1.6%)	0.405s	30	1.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.816s (+4.5%)	7.332s (+7.0% 🔺)	0.315s (+45.9% 🔺)	8.250s (+10.2% 🔺)	2.434s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.096s (+8.1% 🔺)	7.618s (+7.1% 🔺)	0.259s (+11.6% 🔺)	8.310s (+6.0% 🔺)	2.214s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.790s (+17.1% 🔺)	11.922s (+15.0% 🔺)	0.253s (-52.4% 🟢)	13.272s (+11.6% 🔺)	2.482s	5	1.86x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.774s (+0.7%)	1.009s (-3.7%)	0.000s (+93.1% 🔺)	1.050s (-2.4%)	0.276s	58	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.808s (+5.3% 🔺)	1.062s (+1.6%)	0.000s (+1.8%)	1.092s (+3.0%)	0.284s	56	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.037s (-0.6%)	1.419s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.427s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.390s	43	1.34x
💻 Local	Express	1.219s (-5.8% 🟢)	2.013s (~)	0.000s (~)	2.016s (~)	0.796s	30	1.58x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.258s (-2.9%)	1.982s (-1.6%)	0.000s (-3.2%)	1.984s (-1.6%)	0.727s	31	1.62x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.365s (-3.2%)	1.981s (~)	0.000s (-46.2% 🟢)	2.016s (~)	0.652s	30	1.76x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.238s (+8.8% 🔺)	4.401s (+0.9%)	0.000s (-50.0% 🟢)	4.884s (~)	1.646s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.466s (+20.1% 🔺)	4.759s (+14.1% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	5.424s (+17.7% 🔺)	1.958s	12	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.312s (+18.5% 🔺)	6.120s (+12.4% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	7.252s (+15.5% 🔺)	1.940s	9	1.64x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.715s (+1.5%)	2.303s (~)	0.000s (+100.0% 🔺)	2.356s (+1.7%)	0.642s	26	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.821s (+3.8%)	2.493s (+8.9% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.530s (+9.8% 🔺)	0.709s	24	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.702s (-6.8% 🟢)	3.213s (-5.2% 🟢)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	3.221s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.519s	19	1.58x
💻 Local	Express	3.419s (-6.8% 🟢)	4.025s (-3.4%)	0.001s (+175.0% 🔺)	4.028s (-3.4%)	0.609s	15	1.99x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.498s (-4.1%)	3.930s (-4.7%)	0.001s (+25.0% 🔺)	3.976s (-4.7%)	0.477s	16	2.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.581s (-4.1%)	4.092s (-3.2%)	0.001s (+25.0% 🔺)	4.096s (-3.2%)	0.515s	15	2.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.643s (+8.6% 🔺)	6.287s (+14.7% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	6.766s (+14.2% 🔺)	2.123s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.820s (+11.9% 🔺)	6.065s (+6.0% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	6.510s (+4.7%)	1.691s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.287s (+28.8% 🔺)	9.448s (+34.2% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	10.669s (+30.6% 🔺)	2.383s	6	1.78x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	9/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	8/21
▲ Vercel	Express	11/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	15/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	15/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	14/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Platformatic: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[socket-security]

Review the following changes in direct dependencies. Learn more about Socket for GitHub.

Diff	Package	Supply Chain Security	Vulnerability	Quality	Maintenance	License
	npm/​typescript@​6.0.3

View full report

[VaguelySerious]

LGTM assuming CI passes

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2706. Merge conflicts were resolved by AI — please review carefully. (backport job run)

[NathanColosimo]

Summary

• Upgrade the workspace TypeScript catalog from 5.9.3 to 6.0.3 and refresh the pnpm lockfile.
• Apply the TS6 config migrations this repo needs: explicit rootDir where package source lives under src, target/types defaults in the shared base config, remove unnecessary baseUrl usage where tooling does not require it, and update old node module resolution where TS6 rejects it.
• Fix TS6 follow-on issues in package builds/tests:
  • use the public @workflow/core/runtime export instead of the dist path from @workflow/next
  • preserve RuntimeDecryptionError.context as an optional runtime property with declare
  • add a CSS module declaration for the web package
  • teach the docs typechecker to ignore TS6's missing side-effect-import diagnostic for intentionally unresolved app-local examples

Why TS6 here, not TS7 yet?

TypeScript 7.0 RC is available as the new native/Go compiler via typescript@rc, and Microsoft's RC post says it is intended to be stable and compatible for CLI/editor workflows. The important caveat for this repo is programmatic usage: the same post says a stable programmatic API is not expected until at least TypeScript 7.1, and recommends keeping TypeScript 6 available side-by-side for tooling that imports typescript directly.

This repository is not only invoking tsc; it imports and uses TypeScript APIs directly in a few places:

• packages/docs-typecheck/src/type-checker.ts uses ts.createProgram, compiler hosts, source files, and diagnostics.
• packages/typescript-plugin/src/index.ts imports typescript/lib/tsserverlibrary for the language service plugin.
• packages/web-shared/test/serializable-revivers.test.ts imports TypeScript AST/parser APIs in a test.

So this PR intentionally moves us to stable TS6 first. That gets the TS6 behavior changes out of the way, and it should make a later TS7 migration smaller once the programmatic/tsserver API story is stable enough for our direct usage.

Reference: https://devblogs.microsoft.com/typescript/announcing-typescript-7-0-rc/

Validation

• pnpm install --frozen-lockfile
• pnpm build
• pnpm typecheck
• pnpm test
• pnpm test:docs
• pnpm --filter @workflow/docs-typecheck build
• APP_NAME=nest pnpm vitest run packages/core/e2e/local-build.test.ts
• node --test ".github/scripts/**/*.test.js"
• pnpm changeset status --since=main
• pnpm exec lint-staged

Note: several upstream packages still declare TypeScript peer ranges that only mention 5.x, so pnpm prints peer warnings during install. The workspace build, typecheck, docs typecheck, and tests all pass against 6.0.3.

[changeset-bot]

⚠️ No Changeset found

Latest commit: 4a527a7

Merging this PR will not cause a version bump for any packages. If these changes should not result in a new version, you're good to go. If these changes should result in a version bump, you need to add a changeset.

This PR includes no changesets

When changesets are added to this PR, you'll see the packages that this PR includes changesets for and the associated semver types

Click here to learn what changesets are, and how to add one.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add a changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 30, 2026 4:53am

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1442	0	230	1672
✅ 💻 Local Development	1605	0	219	1824
✅ 📦 Local Production	1605	0	219	1824
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1593	0	231	1824
✅ 🪟 Windows	152	0	0	152
✅ 📋 Other	885	0	179	1064
Total	7282	0	1078	8360

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	125	0	27
✅ example	125	0	27
✅ express	125	0	27
✅ fastify	125	0	27
✅ hono	125	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack	149	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack	149	0	3
✅ nitro	125	0	27
✅ nuxt	125	0	27
✅ sveltekit	144	0	8
✅ vite	125	0	27

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	127	0	25
✅ express-stable	127	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	127	0	25
✅ hono-stable	127	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	127	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	127	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	146	0	6
✅ vite-stable	127	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	127	0	25
✅ express-stable	127	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	127	0	25
✅ hono-stable	127	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	127	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	127	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	146	0	6
✅ vite-stable	127	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	126	0	26
✅ express-stable	126	0	26
✅ fastify-stable	126	0	26
✅ hono-stable	126	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	132	0	20
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	151	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	132	0	20
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	151	0	1
✅ nitro-stable	126	0	26
✅ nuxt-stable	126	0	26
✅ sveltekit-stable	145	0	7
✅ vite-stable	126	0	26

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	152	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	127	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	127	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	126	0	26
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	126	0	26
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	127	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	127	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	125	0	27

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.047s (-3.7%)	1.008s (~)	0.961s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.048s (-14.7% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.959s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.048s (+9.1% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.958s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.059s (-3.6%)	1.012s (~)	0.953s	10	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.063s (-4.4%)	1.013s (~)	0.950s	10	1.35x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.066s (+3.4%)	1.016s (~)	0.949s	10	1.42x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.216s (-16.6% 🟢)	1.415s (-32.7% 🟢)	1.198s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.278s (+31.9% 🔺)	2.270s (+12.4% 🔺)	1.992s	10	1.28x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.389s (+58.6% 🔺)	2.340s (-1.4%)	1.950s	10	1.80x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.080s (-1.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.926s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.086s (+0.5%)	2.007s (~)	0.921s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.087s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.919s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.095s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.915s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.096s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.915s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.105s (+0.9%)	2.010s (~)	0.904s	10	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.452s (+4.9%)	3.150s (+9.7% 🔺)	1.698s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.506s (+7.6% 🔺)	3.053s (-0.7%)	1.547s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.369s (+0.6%)	4.023s (+9.3% 🔺)	1.654s	10	1.63x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.445s (-0.5%)	11.022s (~)	0.577s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.457s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.564s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.459s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.564s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.483s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.540s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.491s (~)	11.019s (~)	0.528s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.506s (~)	11.018s (~)	0.512s	3	1.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	11.898s (+1.5%)	13.490s (-1.4%)	1.592s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	12.050s (+3.2%)	14.186s (+7.0% 🔺)	2.136s	3	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.419s (+2.0%)	15.130s (+1.7%)	1.710s	2	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	13.621s (-0.8%)	14.027s (~)	0.406s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.641s (~)	14.027s (~)	0.386s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	13.642s (~)	14.028s (~)	0.386s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.659s (+0.6%)	14.020s (~)	0.361s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.679s (~)	14.025s (~)	0.345s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.699s (+0.5%)	14.023s (~)	0.324s	5	1.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	17.041s (+3.7%)	19.329s (+7.1% 🔺)	2.288s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	17.106s (+5.2% 🔺)	18.446s (-1.0%)	1.340s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	18.472s (-1.4%)	20.342s (-1.0%)	1.870s	3	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	12.212s (~)	13.025s (~)	0.814s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.240s (+0.5%)	13.021s (~)	0.781s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.261s (-2.7%)	13.016s (-1.1%)	0.754s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.291s (-1.1%)	13.027s (~)	0.736s	7	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	12.385s (+1.7%)	13.026s (~)	0.640s	7	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.421s (+1.6%)	13.020s (~)	0.599s	7	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	20.062s (+12.0% 🔺)	21.766s (+10.3% 🔺)	1.704s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	20.529s (+16.1% 🔺)	22.574s (+17.8% 🔺)	2.045s	4	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	22.640s (+11.0% 🔺)	24.817s (+10.0% 🔺)	2.177s	4	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.190s (+0.7%)	2.008s (~)	0.818s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.191s (-1.4%)	2.008s (~)	0.817s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.199s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.808s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.418s (-0.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.588s	15	1.19x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.426s (+3.4%)	2.006s (~)	0.580s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.502s (-1.2%)	2.073s (+3.3%)	0.571s	15	1.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.121s (-3.6%)	3.883s (+11.0% 🔺)	1.763s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.453s (+7.6% 🔺)	3.971s (+3.2%)	1.518s	8	1.16x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.437s (+7.7% 🔺)	5.171s (+5.5% 🔺)	1.734s	6	1.62x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.317s (-0.8%)	2.592s (+8.3% 🔺)	1.275s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.326s (+0.6%)	2.827s (-3.2%)	1.501s	11	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.387s (+1.7%)	2.510s (+8.4% 🔺)	1.122s	12	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	2.454s (-10.4% 🟢)	3.109s (-3.1%)	0.655s	10	1.86x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.500s (~)	3.009s (+3.1%)	0.508s	10	1.90x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.509s (-2.3%)	3.109s (~)	0.600s	10	1.90x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.514s (+2.7%)	4.020s (+12.7% 🔺)	1.506s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.912s (+15.7% 🔺)	4.645s (+21.4% 🔺)	1.733s	7	1.16x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.281s (+19.6% 🔺)	6.000s (+13.0% 🔺)	1.719s	6	1.70x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.618s (+0.9%)	4.583s (+10.8% 🔺)	2.965s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.643s (+2.4%)	4.261s (+3.0%)	2.618s	8	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.216s (+8.6% 🔺)	6.015s (~)	2.799s	5	1.99x
💻 Local	Express	6.157s (-13.3% 🟢)	6.817s (-10.5% 🟢)	0.660s	5	3.80x
💻 Local	Nitro	6.167s (+7.5% 🔺)	6.616s (~)	0.450s	5	3.81x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.609s (-2.7%)	7.770s (+3.4%)	1.160s	4	4.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.346s (+24.2% 🔺)	5.095s (+12.7% 🔺)	1.749s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.356s (+25.2% 🔺)	5.112s (+13.2% 🔺)	1.757s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.673s (+39.7% 🔺)	7.625s (+27.8% 🔺)	1.953s	4	1.70x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.190s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.817s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.195s (-0.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.812s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.196s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.812s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.400s (-2.6%)	2.007s (~)	0.608s	15	1.18x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.441s (+6.8% 🔺)	2.007s (~)	0.566s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.445s (-2.6%)	2.007s (~)	0.562s	15	1.21x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.207s (+12.5% 🔺)	3.532s (-5.6% 🟢)	1.325s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.555s (+22.8% 🔺)	4.116s (+23.5% 🔺)	1.561s	8	1.16x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.399s (+10.5% 🔺)	5.244s (+10.0% 🔺)	1.845s	6	1.54x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.302s (-1.0%)	3.008s (~)	1.706s	11	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.356s (+2.8%)	2.592s (+8.3% 🔺)	1.237s	12	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.359s (+4.1%)	2.677s (+6.7% 🔺)	1.318s	12	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.518s (+1.8%)	3.210s (+6.7% 🔺)	0.692s	10	1.93x
💻 Local	Express	2.552s (+0.7%)	3.109s (-3.2%)	0.557s	10	1.96x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.613s (-2.9%)	3.210s (-4.0%)	0.597s	10	2.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.433s (+1.2%)	3.893s (+6.7% 🔺)	1.460s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.789s (+4.7%)	4.348s (+4.3%)	1.560s	7	1.15x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.089s (+21.9% 🔺)	6.434s (+28.2% 🔺)	2.345s	5	1.68x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.639s (+2.0%)	4.137s (~)	2.498s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.678s (+3.0%)	4.263s (+3.1%)	2.586s	8	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.979s (+16.1% 🔺)	5.848s (-2.8%)	2.869s	6	1.82x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.572s (-8.7% 🟢)	7.219s (-7.1% 🟢)	0.648s	5	4.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	6.853s (+12.7% 🔺)	7.768s (+14.0% 🔺)	0.916s	4	4.18x
💻 Local	Express	6.901s (-0.9%)	7.415s (-4.6%)	0.514s	5	4.21x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.955s (-2.5%)	4.831s (+3.2%)	1.876s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.147s (+4.9%)	4.821s (-2.0%)	1.674s	7	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.762s (+6.9% 🔺)	6.953s (+13.1% 🔺)	2.190s	5	1.61x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.560s (+1.6%)	1.006s (~)	0.446s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.568s (+3.5%)	1.024s (~)	0.456s	59	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	0.592s (~)	1.005s (~)	0.413s	60	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.600s (+11.1% 🔺)	1.041s (+1.7%)	0.441s	58	1.07x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.605s (+2.6%)	1.022s (~)	0.417s	59	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.646s (+3.7%)	1.022s (+1.7%)	0.376s	59	1.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.858s (+7.3% 🔺)	4.575s (+6.9% 🔺)	1.717s	14	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.063s (+21.9% 🔺)	5.004s (+24.8% 🔺)	1.941s	12	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.516s (+15.8% 🔺)	6.304s (+12.4% 🔺)	1.789s	10	1.58x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.334s (+3.0%)	2.007s (~)	0.673s	45	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.353s (+3.4%)	2.008s (~)	0.655s	45	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.385s (+7.8% 🔺)	2.007s (~)	0.622s	45	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.487s (+4.4%)	2.006s (~)	0.520s	45	1.11x
💻 Local	Express	1.504s (+2.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.502s	45	1.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.510s (-1.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.497s	45	1.13x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	7.075s (+18.5% 🔺)	8.916s (+22.9% 🔺)	1.841s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	7.667s (+27.3% 🔺)	9.299s (+21.5% 🔺)	1.632s	10	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.782s (+18.4% 🔺)	11.747s (+20.4% 🔺)	1.965s	8	1.38x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.742s (+1.4%)	3.086s (~)	0.344s	39	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.748s (+8.2% 🔺)	3.112s (+1.8%)	0.364s	39	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.769s (+7.5% 🔺)	3.137s (+1.7%)	0.368s	39	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.235s (+2.0%)	4.010s (+5.8% 🔺)	0.774s	30	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	3.265s (+1.6%)	4.010s (~)	0.745s	30	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.275s (-3.8%)	4.043s (~)	0.768s	30	1.19x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.591s (+16.5% 🔺)	15.837s (+19.8% 🔺)	2.246s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	13.965s (+15.9% 🔺)	15.791s (+14.9% 🔺)	1.826s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.951s (+28.2% 🔺)	23.116s (+26.5% 🔺)	2.165s	6	1.54x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.191s (+8.8% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.815s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.218s (+1.6%)	1.007s (~)	0.788s	60	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.222s (+3.3%)	1.006s (~)	0.785s	60	1.16x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.479s (+7.7% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.526s	60	2.50x
💻 Local	Express	0.481s (+9.7% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.524s	60	2.51x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.607s (-7.4% 🟢)	1.005s (-1.7%)	0.398s	60	3.18x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.142s (+10.0% 🔺)	2.557s (-2.5%)	1.415s	24	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.711s (+66.7% 🔺)	3.554s (+51.5% 🔺)	1.843s	17	1.50x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.437s (+16.7% 🔺)	3.940s (+4.3%)	1.503s	16	2.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.297s (+5.5% 🔺)	1.042s (+2.3%)	0.744s	87	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.332s (-0.5%)	1.006s (~)	0.674s	90	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.340s (+5.4% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.666s	90	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.165s (-1.0%)	2.736s (-2.1%)	0.571s	33	7.28x
💻 Local	Express	2.191s (+4.1%)	2.912s (+6.4% 🔺)	0.720s	31	7.37x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.693s (-4.1%)	3.181s (-10.4% 🟢)	0.488s	29	9.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.775s (+34.5% 🔺)	3.664s (+43.2% 🔺)	1.889s	25	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.928s (+45.0% 🔺)	3.772s (+34.4% 🔺)	1.844s	24	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.520s (+34.3% 🔺)	5.432s (+34.4% 🔺)	1.913s	17	1.98x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.520s (~)	1.059s (+2.7%)	0.539s	114	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.527s (~)	3.010s (-3.3%)	2.482s	40	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.549s (+3.6%)	1.128s (+7.5% 🔺)	0.579s	107	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.931s (-2.4%)	11.029s (-1.6%)	1.098s	11	19.10x
💻 Local	Express	9.952s (-1.1%)	11.030s (-1.6%)	1.078s	11	19.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.987s (+3.5%)	11.030s (+2.3%)	1.043s	11	19.21x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.081s (+2.5%)	3.979s (+1.2%)	1.898s	31	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.867s (+23.3% 🔺)	6.891s (+23.0% 🔺)	2.023s	18	2.34x
▲ Vercel	Express	106.469s (+5947.1% 🔺)	108.801s (+3065.2% 🔺)	2.331s	3	51.17x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.139s (-2.3%)	1.967s (~)	0.010s (-22.0% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.879s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.160s (~)	2.004s (~)	0.013s (+0.8%)	2.020s (~)	0.860s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.162s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.012s (+18.1% 🔺)	2.020s (~)	0.858s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.175s (+1.0%)	2.001s (~)	0.001s (-7.1% 🟢)	2.012s (~)	0.836s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.179s (+1.3%)	2.001s (~)	0.002s (+15.4% 🔺)	2.011s (~)	0.832s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.189s (+1.6%)	1.999s (~)	0.001s (+16.7% 🔺)	2.010s (~)	0.821s	10	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.971s (-2.6%)	3.486s (+6.3% 🔺)	1.881s (+10.6% 🔺)	5.797s (+5.3% 🔺)	3.826s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.971s (-1.3%)	3.449s (+17.0% 🔺)	1.758s (-15.1% 🟢)	5.699s (+3.4%)	3.728s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.887s (+8.3% 🔺)	4.531s (+14.9% 🔺)	1.832s (+27.8% 🔺)	7.595s (+9.7% 🔺)	3.708s	10	1.97x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.561s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.013s (+3.1%)	2.026s (~)	0.465s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.566s (-5.3% 🟢)	1.974s (-1.4%)	0.013s (+2.8%)	2.027s (-1.6%)	0.462s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.581s (+2.3%)	2.012s (~)	0.012s (-3.1%)	2.027s (~)	0.446s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.594s (+3.5%)	2.006s (~)	0.005s (+0.7%)	2.027s (~)	0.433s	30	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.608s (+2.8%)	2.004s (~)	0.005s (+2.8%)	2.026s (~)	0.418s	30	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.654s (~)	2.042s (+1.6%)	0.005s (-11.9% 🟢)	2.059s (+1.6%)	0.405s	30	1.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.816s (+4.5%)	7.332s (+7.0% 🔺)	0.315s (+45.9% 🔺)	8.250s (+10.2% 🔺)	2.434s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.096s (+8.1% 🔺)	7.618s (+7.1% 🔺)	0.259s (+11.6% 🔺)	8.310s (+6.0% 🔺)	2.214s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.790s (+17.1% 🔺)	11.922s (+15.0% 🔺)	0.253s (-52.4% 🟢)	13.272s (+11.6% 🔺)	2.482s	5	1.86x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.774s (+0.7%)	1.009s (-3.7%)	0.000s (+93.1% 🔺)	1.050s (-2.4%)	0.276s	58	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.808s (+5.3% 🔺)	1.062s (+1.6%)	0.000s (+1.8%)	1.092s (+3.0%)	0.284s	56	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.037s (-0.6%)	1.419s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.427s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.390s	43	1.34x
💻 Local	Express	1.219s (-5.8% 🟢)	2.013s (~)	0.000s (~)	2.016s (~)	0.796s	30	1.58x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.258s (-2.9%)	1.982s (-1.6%)	0.000s (-3.2%)	1.984s (-1.6%)	0.727s	31	1.62x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.365s (-3.2%)	1.981s (~)	0.000s (-46.2% 🟢)	2.016s (~)	0.652s	30	1.76x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.238s (+8.8% 🔺)	4.401s (+0.9%)	0.000s (-50.0% 🟢)	4.884s (~)	1.646s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.466s (+20.1% 🔺)	4.759s (+14.1% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	5.424s (+17.7% 🔺)	1.958s	12	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.312s (+18.5% 🔺)	6.120s (+12.4% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	7.252s (+15.5% 🔺)	1.940s	9	1.64x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.715s (+1.5%)	2.303s (~)	0.000s (+100.0% 🔺)	2.356s (+1.7%)	0.642s	26	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.821s (+3.8%)	2.493s (+8.9% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.530s (+9.8% 🔺)	0.709s	24	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.702s (-6.8% 🟢)	3.213s (-5.2% 🟢)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	3.221s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.519s	19	1.58x
💻 Local	Express	3.419s (-6.8% 🟢)	4.025s (-3.4%)	0.001s (+175.0% 🔺)	4.028s (-3.4%)	0.609s	15	1.99x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.498s (-4.1%)	3.930s (-4.7%)	0.001s (+25.0% 🔺)	3.976s (-4.7%)	0.477s	16	2.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.581s (-4.1%)	4.092s (-3.2%)	0.001s (+25.0% 🔺)	4.096s (-3.2%)	0.515s	15	2.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.643s (+8.6% 🔺)	6.287s (+14.7% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	6.766s (+14.2% 🔺)	2.123s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.820s (+11.9% 🔺)	6.065s (+6.0% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	6.510s (+4.7%)	1.691s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.287s (+28.8% 🔺)	9.448s (+34.2% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	10.669s (+30.6% 🔺)	2.383s	6	1.78x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	9/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	8/21
▲ Vercel	Express	11/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	15/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	15/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	14/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Platformatic: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[socket-security]

Review the following changes in direct dependencies. Learn more about Socket for GitHub.

Diff	Package	Supply Chain Security	Vulnerability	Quality	Maintenance	License
	npm/​typescript@​6.0.3

View full report

[VaguelySerious]

LGTM assuming CI passes

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2706. Merge conflicts were resolved by AI — please review carefully. (backport job run)