Add Next.js pages router entries handling

[ijjk]

This ensures we discover pages router entries but we still output our generated endpoints to app router folder and we create one if it doesn't already exist

This is a more minimal approach than #650 which also outputs our generated bundles to the pages folder. cc @adriandlam

Closes#650

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 2f80509

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 13 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/docs-typecheck	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

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Project	Deployment	Review	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.041s (~)	1.014s (~)	0.974s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.043s (+6.7% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.975s	10	1.07x
💻 Local	Express	0.044s (-5.5% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.963s	10	1.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.045s (~)	1.007s (~)	0.962s	10	1.10x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.047s (+17.2% 🔺)	1.021s (~)	0.974s	10	1.16x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.071s (+37.8% 🔺)	1.013s (~)	0.942s	10	1.76x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.083s (-7.3% 🟢)	1.016s (~)	0.933s	10	2.05x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.268s (-18.5% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.747s	10	6.59x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.328s (+32.0% 🔺)	1.038s (+1.3%)	0.710s	10	8.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.360s (+67.5% 🔺)	1.021s (~)	0.661s	10	8.86x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.588s (~)	1.524s (-0.6%)	0.936s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.641s (+2.9%)	1.559s (-2.1%)	0.917s	10	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.692s (+10.0% 🔺)	1.592s (+8.6% 🔺)	0.900s	10	1.18x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.092s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.918s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.098s (~)	2.012s (~)	0.914s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.113s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.894s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.114s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.894s	10	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.115s (+1.3%)	2.015s (~)	0.900s	10	1.02x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.266s (-3.7%)	2.015s (~)	0.749s	10	1.16x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.276s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.736s	10	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.119s (-3.9%)	3.013s (~)	0.894s	10	1.94x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.165s (+15.6% 🔺)	3.018s (+49.7% 🔺)	0.853s	10	1.98x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.435s (+13.4% 🔺)	3.013s (~)	0.578s	10	2.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.719s (+2.5%)	3.650s (+2.4%)	0.931s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.764s (+1.9%)	3.717s (~)	0.954s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.840s (+4.9%)	3.732s (+3.8%)	0.892s	10	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.617s (~)	11.015s (~)	0.398s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.664s (~)	11.018s (~)	0.354s	5	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.763s (+1.0%)	11.022s (~)	0.260s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	10.789s (~)	11.015s (~)	0.226s	5	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.799s (~)	11.014s (~)	0.215s	5	1.02x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.066s (-1.5%)	12.630s (-3.0%)	0.564s	5	1.14x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.182s (~)	13.025s (~)	0.843s	5	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.098s (-0.5%)	20.434s (-2.8%)	0.336s	5	1.89x
🐘 Postgres	Express	20.334s (~)	21.030s (+1.0%)	0.697s	5	1.92x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.494s (+38.0% 🔺)	21.036s (+38.1% 🔺)	0.542s	5	1.93x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	22.479s (~)	23.186s (~)	0.707s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	22.528s (+2.5%)	23.454s (+3.0%)	0.926s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	22.581s (+2.4%)	23.291s (+2.2%)	0.710s	5	1.00x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.361s (~)	2.009s (~)	0.648s	15	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.373s (+1.2%)	2.011s (~)	0.638s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.397s (+1.1%)	2.012s (~)	0.615s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.401s (-0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.605s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.419s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.588s	15	1.04x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.117s (-1.4%)	3.013s (~)	0.896s	10	1.56x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.168s (+14.3% 🔺)	2.833s (+40.8% 🔺)	0.665s	11	1.59x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.225s (~)	3.014s (~)	0.789s	10	1.64x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.447s (-2.4%)	3.011s (~)	0.564s	10	1.80x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.500s (+6.0% 🔺)	3.014s (~)	0.515s	10	1.84x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.756s (-6.0% 🟢)	3.679s (-1.7%)	0.923s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.829s (-8.8% 🟢)	3.676s (-2.8%)	0.847s	9	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.841s (-12.6% 🟢)	3.751s (-3.4%)	0.910s	8	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.135s (+0.8%)	3.036s (~)	0.901s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.233s (+2.1%)	3.179s (+1.2%)	0.945s	10	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.269s (~)	3.205s (+1.0%)	0.935s	10	1.06x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.471s (~)	3.009s (~)	0.538s	10	1.16x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.510s (+1.1%)	3.012s (~)	0.503s	10	1.18x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.614s (+7.3% 🔺)	3.042s (+0.9%)	0.428s	10	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.064s (+6.4% 🔺)	3.784s (+17.8% 🔺)	0.721s	8	1.43x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.123s (+5.8% 🔺)	3.678s (+22.2% 🔺)	0.555s	9	1.46x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.672s (~)	5.182s (~)	0.510s	6	2.19x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.714s (~)	5.182s (~)	0.468s	6	2.21x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.385s (~)	3.849s (-3.5%)	0.464s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.436s (-2.9%)	4.109s (-1.7%)	0.673s	8	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.414s (+32.5% 🔺)	5.246s (+32.0% 🔺)	0.832s	6	1.30x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.345s (-1.3%)	2.008s (~)	0.663s	15	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.369s (+0.8%)	2.011s (~)	0.642s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.385s (-1.4%)	2.012s (~)	0.626s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.431s (+2.1%)	2.005s (~)	0.574s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.441s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.564s	15	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.709s (+12.2% 🔺)	2.012s (~)	0.303s	15	1.27x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.727s (-5.3% 🟢)	2.010s (-18.8% 🟢)	0.282s	15	1.28x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.957s (+14.9% 🔺)	2.601s (+29.5% 🔺)	0.644s	12	1.45x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.131s (~)	3.014s (~)	0.882s	10	1.58x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.216s (~)	3.010s (~)	0.795s	10	1.65x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.849s (~)	3.777s (+4.4%)	0.928s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.856s (~)	3.711s (-2.3%)	0.855s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.894s (+3.4%)	3.806s (+1.2%)	0.912s	9	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	2.261s (-3.2%)	3.201s (-1.8%)	0.940s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.283s (+1.4%)	3.217s (~)	0.933s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.399s (+9.8% 🔺)	3.356s (+9.2% 🔺)	0.957s	9	1.06x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.449s (~)	3.009s (~)	0.561s	10	1.08x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.492s (+2.0%)	3.012s (~)	0.520s	10	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.588s (-1.4%)	3.019s (~)	0.432s	10	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.860s (-0.6%)	3.125s (+3.6%)	0.265s	10	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.997s (+10.3% 🔺)	3.472s (+14.7% 🔺)	0.475s	9	1.33x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.695s (-2.1%)	5.181s (~)	0.486s	6	2.08x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.772s (+1.2%)	5.185s (~)	0.413s	6	2.11x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.325s (+6.4% 🔺)	3.885s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.560s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.426s (-2.6%)	4.152s (+4.0%)	0.726s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.672s (-4.5%)	4.349s (-2.9%)	0.677s	7	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.131s (-7.3% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.881s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.138s (-1.0%)	1.003s (~)	0.016s (+7.2% 🔺)	1.027s (~)	0.889s	10	1.06x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.157s (+13.0% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.000s (+100.0% 🔺)	1.015s (~)	0.858s	10	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	0.178s (+1.0%)	0.992s (~)	0.016s (-9.9% 🟢)	1.023s (~)	0.845s	10	1.36x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.182s (-3.9%)	0.992s (~)	0.018s (+16.1% 🔺)	1.024s (~)	0.843s	10	1.39x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.480s (-8.6% 🟢)	0.972s (+5.1% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.013s (~)	0.533s	10	3.67x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.519s (+4.9%)	0.931s (-3.1%)	0.000s (~)	1.014s (~)	0.495s	10	3.97x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.349s (-44.4% 🟢)	1.692s (-35.4% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.012s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.663s	10	10.31x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.168s (+66.5% 🔺)	2.873s (+65.2% 🔺)	0.000s (+100.0% 🔺)	3.014s (+49.8% 🔺)	0.847s	10	16.57x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.285s (+134.9% 🔺)	2.763s (+86.8% 🔺)	0.000s (~)	3.019s (+86.4% 🔺)	0.733s	10	17.47x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.885s (-2.0%)	3.270s (+2.0%)	0.570s (+6.3% 🔺)	4.354s (+4.2%)	1.470s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.008s (+6.4% 🔺)	3.240s (~)	0.454s (+9.7% 🔺)	4.211s (+3.8%)	1.203s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.410s (+14.6% 🔺)	3.732s (+8.4% 🔺)	0.594s (+20.6% 🔺)	4.766s (+8.2% 🔺)	1.356s	10	1.18x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7/8
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4/8
▲ Vercel	Express	3/8

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	8/8
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Starter	6/8
Nitro	💻 Local	8/8

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	424	0	38	462
✅ 💻 Local Development	388	0	32	420
✅ 📦 Local Production	388	0	32	420
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	388	0	32	420
✅ 🪟 Windows	42	0	0	42
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	159	21	0	180
Total	1789	21	134	1944

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (21 failed)

mongodb (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

redis (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

starter (18 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()

turso (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	38	0	4
✅ example	38	0	4
✅ express	38	0	4
✅ fastify	38	0	4
✅ hono	38	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack	41	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	41	0	1
✅ nitro	38	0	4
✅ nuxt	38	0	4
✅ sveltekit	38	0	4
✅ vite	38	0	4

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	38	0	4
✅ express-stable	38	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	38	0	4
✅ hono-stable	38	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	42	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	42	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	38	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	38	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	38	0	4
✅ vite-stable	38	0	4

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	38	0	4
✅ express-stable	38	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	38	0	4
✅ hono-stable	38	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	42	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	42	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	38	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	38	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	38	0	4
✅ vite-stable	38	0	4

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	38	0	4
✅ express-stable	38	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	38	0	4
✅ hono-stable	38	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	42	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	42	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	38	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	38	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	38	0	4
✅ vite-stable	38	0	4

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	42	0	0

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	41	1	0
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
❌ redis	41	1	0
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	24	18	0
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	41	1	0

---

📋 View full workflow run

[ijjk]

This ensures we discover pages router entries but we still output our generated endpoints to app router folder and we create one if it doesn't already exist

This is a more minimal approach than #650 which also outputs our generated bundles to the pages folder. cc @adriandlam

Closes#650

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 2f80509

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 13 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/docs-typecheck	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Review	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.041s (~)	1.014s (~)	0.974s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.043s (+6.7% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.975s	10	1.07x
💻 Local	Express	0.044s (-5.5% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.963s	10	1.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.045s (~)	1.007s (~)	0.962s	10	1.10x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.047s (+17.2% 🔺)	1.021s (~)	0.974s	10	1.16x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.071s (+37.8% 🔺)	1.013s (~)	0.942s	10	1.76x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.083s (-7.3% 🟢)	1.016s (~)	0.933s	10	2.05x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.268s (-18.5% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.747s	10	6.59x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.328s (+32.0% 🔺)	1.038s (+1.3%)	0.710s	10	8.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.360s (+67.5% 🔺)	1.021s (~)	0.661s	10	8.86x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.588s (~)	1.524s (-0.6%)	0.936s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.641s (+2.9%)	1.559s (-2.1%)	0.917s	10	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.692s (+10.0% 🔺)	1.592s (+8.6% 🔺)	0.900s	10	1.18x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.092s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.918s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.098s (~)	2.012s (~)	0.914s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.113s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.894s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.114s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.894s	10	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.115s (+1.3%)	2.015s (~)	0.900s	10	1.02x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.266s (-3.7%)	2.015s (~)	0.749s	10	1.16x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.276s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.736s	10	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.119s (-3.9%)	3.013s (~)	0.894s	10	1.94x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.165s (+15.6% 🔺)	3.018s (+49.7% 🔺)	0.853s	10	1.98x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.435s (+13.4% 🔺)	3.013s (~)	0.578s	10	2.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.719s (+2.5%)	3.650s (+2.4%)	0.931s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.764s (+1.9%)	3.717s (~)	0.954s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.840s (+4.9%)	3.732s (+3.8%)	0.892s	10	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.617s (~)	11.015s (~)	0.398s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.664s (~)	11.018s (~)	0.354s	5	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.763s (+1.0%)	11.022s (~)	0.260s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	10.789s (~)	11.015s (~)	0.226s	5	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.799s (~)	11.014s (~)	0.215s	5	1.02x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.066s (-1.5%)	12.630s (-3.0%)	0.564s	5	1.14x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.182s (~)	13.025s (~)	0.843s	5	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.098s (-0.5%)	20.434s (-2.8%)	0.336s	5	1.89x
🐘 Postgres	Express	20.334s (~)	21.030s (+1.0%)	0.697s	5	1.92x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.494s (+38.0% 🔺)	21.036s (+38.1% 🔺)	0.542s	5	1.93x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	22.479s (~)	23.186s (~)	0.707s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	22.528s (+2.5%)	23.454s (+3.0%)	0.926s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	22.581s (+2.4%)	23.291s (+2.2%)	0.710s	5	1.00x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.361s (~)	2.009s (~)	0.648s	15	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.373s (+1.2%)	2.011s (~)	0.638s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.397s (+1.1%)	2.012s (~)	0.615s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.401s (-0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.605s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.419s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.588s	15	1.04x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.117s (-1.4%)	3.013s (~)	0.896s	10	1.56x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.168s (+14.3% 🔺)	2.833s (+40.8% 🔺)	0.665s	11	1.59x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.225s (~)	3.014s (~)	0.789s	10	1.64x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.447s (-2.4%)	3.011s (~)	0.564s	10	1.80x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.500s (+6.0% 🔺)	3.014s (~)	0.515s	10	1.84x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.756s (-6.0% 🟢)	3.679s (-1.7%)	0.923s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.829s (-8.8% 🟢)	3.676s (-2.8%)	0.847s	9	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.841s (-12.6% 🟢)	3.751s (-3.4%)	0.910s	8	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.135s (+0.8%)	3.036s (~)	0.901s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.233s (+2.1%)	3.179s (+1.2%)	0.945s	10	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.269s (~)	3.205s (+1.0%)	0.935s	10	1.06x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.471s (~)	3.009s (~)	0.538s	10	1.16x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.510s (+1.1%)	3.012s (~)	0.503s	10	1.18x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.614s (+7.3% 🔺)	3.042s (+0.9%)	0.428s	10	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.064s (+6.4% 🔺)	3.784s (+17.8% 🔺)	0.721s	8	1.43x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.123s (+5.8% 🔺)	3.678s (+22.2% 🔺)	0.555s	9	1.46x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.672s (~)	5.182s (~)	0.510s	6	2.19x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.714s (~)	5.182s (~)	0.468s	6	2.21x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.385s (~)	3.849s (-3.5%)	0.464s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.436s (-2.9%)	4.109s (-1.7%)	0.673s	8	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.414s (+32.5% 🔺)	5.246s (+32.0% 🔺)	0.832s	6	1.30x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.345s (-1.3%)	2.008s (~)	0.663s	15	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.369s (+0.8%)	2.011s (~)	0.642s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.385s (-1.4%)	2.012s (~)	0.626s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.431s (+2.1%)	2.005s (~)	0.574s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.441s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.564s	15	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.709s (+12.2% 🔺)	2.012s (~)	0.303s	15	1.27x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.727s (-5.3% 🟢)	2.010s (-18.8% 🟢)	0.282s	15	1.28x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.957s (+14.9% 🔺)	2.601s (+29.5% 🔺)	0.644s	12	1.45x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.131s (~)	3.014s (~)	0.882s	10	1.58x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.216s (~)	3.010s (~)	0.795s	10	1.65x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.849s (~)	3.777s (+4.4%)	0.928s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.856s (~)	3.711s (-2.3%)	0.855s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.894s (+3.4%)	3.806s (+1.2%)	0.912s	9	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	2.261s (-3.2%)	3.201s (-1.8%)	0.940s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.283s (+1.4%)	3.217s (~)	0.933s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.399s (+9.8% 🔺)	3.356s (+9.2% 🔺)	0.957s	9	1.06x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.449s (~)	3.009s (~)	0.561s	10	1.08x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.492s (+2.0%)	3.012s (~)	0.520s	10	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.588s (-1.4%)	3.019s (~)	0.432s	10	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.860s (-0.6%)	3.125s (+3.6%)	0.265s	10	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.997s (+10.3% 🔺)	3.472s (+14.7% 🔺)	0.475s	9	1.33x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.695s (-2.1%)	5.181s (~)	0.486s	6	2.08x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.772s (+1.2%)	5.185s (~)	0.413s	6	2.11x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.325s (+6.4% 🔺)	3.885s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.560s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.426s (-2.6%)	4.152s (+4.0%)	0.726s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.672s (-4.5%)	4.349s (-2.9%)	0.677s	7	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.131s (-7.3% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.881s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.138s (-1.0%)	1.003s (~)	0.016s (+7.2% 🔺)	1.027s (~)	0.889s	10	1.06x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.157s (+13.0% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.000s (+100.0% 🔺)	1.015s (~)	0.858s	10	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	0.178s (+1.0%)	0.992s (~)	0.016s (-9.9% 🟢)	1.023s (~)	0.845s	10	1.36x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.182s (-3.9%)	0.992s (~)	0.018s (+16.1% 🔺)	1.024s (~)	0.843s	10	1.39x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.480s (-8.6% 🟢)	0.972s (+5.1% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.013s (~)	0.533s	10	3.67x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.519s (+4.9%)	0.931s (-3.1%)	0.000s (~)	1.014s (~)	0.495s	10	3.97x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.349s (-44.4% 🟢)	1.692s (-35.4% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.012s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.663s	10	10.31x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.168s (+66.5% 🔺)	2.873s (+65.2% 🔺)	0.000s (+100.0% 🔺)	3.014s (+49.8% 🔺)	0.847s	10	16.57x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.285s (+134.9% 🔺)	2.763s (+86.8% 🔺)	0.000s (~)	3.019s (+86.4% 🔺)	0.733s	10	17.47x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.885s (-2.0%)	3.270s (+2.0%)	0.570s (+6.3% 🔺)	4.354s (+4.2%)	1.470s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.008s (+6.4% 🔺)	3.240s (~)	0.454s (+9.7% 🔺)	4.211s (+3.8%)	1.203s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.410s (+14.6% 🔺)	3.732s (+8.4% 🔺)	0.594s (+20.6% 🔺)	4.766s (+8.2% 🔺)	1.356s	10	1.18x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7/8
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4/8
▲ Vercel	Express	3/8

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	8/8
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Starter	6/8
Nitro	💻 Local	8/8

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	424	0	38	462
✅ 💻 Local Development	388	0	32	420
✅ 📦 Local Production	388	0	32	420
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	388	0	32	420
✅ 🪟 Windows	42	0	0	42
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	159	21	0	180
Total	1789	21	134	1944

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (21 failed)

mongodb (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

redis (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

starter (18 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()

turso (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	38	0	4
✅ example	38	0	4
✅ express	38	0	4
✅ fastify	38	0	4
✅ hono	38	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack	41	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	41	0	1
✅ nitro	38	0	4
✅ nuxt	38	0	4
✅ sveltekit	38	0	4
✅ vite	38	0	4

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	38	0	4
✅ express-stable	38	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	38	0	4
✅ hono-stable	38	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	42	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	42	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	38	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	38	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	38	0	4
✅ vite-stable	38	0	4

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	38	0	4
✅ express-stable	38	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	38	0	4
✅ hono-stable	38	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	42	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	42	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	38	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	38	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	38	0	4
✅ vite-stable	38	0	4

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	38	0	4
✅ express-stable	38	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	38	0	4
✅ hono-stable	38	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	42	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	42	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	38	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	38	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	38	0	4
✅ vite-stable	38	0	4

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	42	0	0

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	41	1	0
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
❌ redis	41	1	0
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	24	18	0
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	41	1	0

---

📋 View full workflow run

[ijjk]

This ensures we discover pages router entries but we still output our generated endpoints to app router folder and we create one if it doesn't already exist

This is a more minimal approach than #650 which also outputs our generated bundles to the pages folder. cc @adriandlam

Closes#650

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 2f80509

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 13 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/docs-typecheck	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Review	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.041s (~)	1.014s (~)	0.974s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.043s (+6.7% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.975s	10	1.07x
💻 Local	Express	0.044s (-5.5% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.963s	10	1.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.045s (~)	1.007s (~)	0.962s	10	1.10x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.047s (+17.2% 🔺)	1.021s (~)	0.974s	10	1.16x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.071s (+37.8% 🔺)	1.013s (~)	0.942s	10	1.76x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.083s (-7.3% 🟢)	1.016s (~)	0.933s	10	2.05x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.268s (-18.5% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.747s	10	6.59x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.328s (+32.0% 🔺)	1.038s (+1.3%)	0.710s	10	8.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.360s (+67.5% 🔺)	1.021s (~)	0.661s	10	8.86x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.588s (~)	1.524s (-0.6%)	0.936s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.641s (+2.9%)	1.559s (-2.1%)	0.917s	10	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.692s (+10.0% 🔺)	1.592s (+8.6% 🔺)	0.900s	10	1.18x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.092s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.918s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.098s (~)	2.012s (~)	0.914s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.113s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.894s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.114s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.894s	10	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.115s (+1.3%)	2.015s (~)	0.900s	10	1.02x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.266s (-3.7%)	2.015s (~)	0.749s	10	1.16x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.276s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.736s	10	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.119s (-3.9%)	3.013s (~)	0.894s	10	1.94x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.165s (+15.6% 🔺)	3.018s (+49.7% 🔺)	0.853s	10	1.98x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.435s (+13.4% 🔺)	3.013s (~)	0.578s	10	2.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.719s (+2.5%)	3.650s (+2.4%)	0.931s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.764s (+1.9%)	3.717s (~)	0.954s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.840s (+4.9%)	3.732s (+3.8%)	0.892s	10	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.617s (~)	11.015s (~)	0.398s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.664s (~)	11.018s (~)	0.354s	5	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.763s (+1.0%)	11.022s (~)	0.260s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	10.789s (~)	11.015s (~)	0.226s	5	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.799s (~)	11.014s (~)	0.215s	5	1.02x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.066s (-1.5%)	12.630s (-3.0%)	0.564s	5	1.14x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.182s (~)	13.025s (~)	0.843s	5	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.098s (-0.5%)	20.434s (-2.8%)	0.336s	5	1.89x
🐘 Postgres	Express	20.334s (~)	21.030s (+1.0%)	0.697s	5	1.92x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.494s (+38.0% 🔺)	21.036s (+38.1% 🔺)	0.542s	5	1.93x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	22.479s (~)	23.186s (~)	0.707s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	22.528s (+2.5%)	23.454s (+3.0%)	0.926s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	22.581s (+2.4%)	23.291s (+2.2%)	0.710s	5	1.00x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.361s (~)	2.009s (~)	0.648s	15	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.373s (+1.2%)	2.011s (~)	0.638s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.397s (+1.1%)	2.012s (~)	0.615s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.401s (-0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.605s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.419s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.588s	15	1.04x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.117s (-1.4%)	3.013s (~)	0.896s	10	1.56x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.168s (+14.3% 🔺)	2.833s (+40.8% 🔺)	0.665s	11	1.59x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.225s (~)	3.014s (~)	0.789s	10	1.64x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.447s (-2.4%)	3.011s (~)	0.564s	10	1.80x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.500s (+6.0% 🔺)	3.014s (~)	0.515s	10	1.84x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.756s (-6.0% 🟢)	3.679s (-1.7%)	0.923s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.829s (-8.8% 🟢)	3.676s (-2.8%)	0.847s	9	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.841s (-12.6% 🟢)	3.751s (-3.4%)	0.910s	8	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.135s (+0.8%)	3.036s (~)	0.901s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.233s (+2.1%)	3.179s (+1.2%)	0.945s	10	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.269s (~)	3.205s (+1.0%)	0.935s	10	1.06x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.471s (~)	3.009s (~)	0.538s	10	1.16x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.510s (+1.1%)	3.012s (~)	0.503s	10	1.18x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.614s (+7.3% 🔺)	3.042s (+0.9%)	0.428s	10	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.064s (+6.4% 🔺)	3.784s (+17.8% 🔺)	0.721s	8	1.43x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.123s (+5.8% 🔺)	3.678s (+22.2% 🔺)	0.555s	9	1.46x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.672s (~)	5.182s (~)	0.510s	6	2.19x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.714s (~)	5.182s (~)	0.468s	6	2.21x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.385s (~)	3.849s (-3.5%)	0.464s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.436s (-2.9%)	4.109s (-1.7%)	0.673s	8	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.414s (+32.5% 🔺)	5.246s (+32.0% 🔺)	0.832s	6	1.30x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.345s (-1.3%)	2.008s (~)	0.663s	15	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.369s (+0.8%)	2.011s (~)	0.642s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.385s (-1.4%)	2.012s (~)	0.626s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.431s (+2.1%)	2.005s (~)	0.574s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.441s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.564s	15	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.709s (+12.2% 🔺)	2.012s (~)	0.303s	15	1.27x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.727s (-5.3% 🟢)	2.010s (-18.8% 🟢)	0.282s	15	1.28x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.957s (+14.9% 🔺)	2.601s (+29.5% 🔺)	0.644s	12	1.45x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.131s (~)	3.014s (~)	0.882s	10	1.58x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.216s (~)	3.010s (~)	0.795s	10	1.65x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.849s (~)	3.777s (+4.4%)	0.928s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.856s (~)	3.711s (-2.3%)	0.855s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.894s (+3.4%)	3.806s (+1.2%)	0.912s	9	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	2.261s (-3.2%)	3.201s (-1.8%)	0.940s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.283s (+1.4%)	3.217s (~)	0.933s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.399s (+9.8% 🔺)	3.356s (+9.2% 🔺)	0.957s	9	1.06x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.449s (~)	3.009s (~)	0.561s	10	1.08x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.492s (+2.0%)	3.012s (~)	0.520s	10	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.588s (-1.4%)	3.019s (~)	0.432s	10	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.860s (-0.6%)	3.125s (+3.6%)	0.265s	10	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.997s (+10.3% 🔺)	3.472s (+14.7% 🔺)	0.475s	9	1.33x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.695s (-2.1%)	5.181s (~)	0.486s	6	2.08x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.772s (+1.2%)	5.185s (~)	0.413s	6	2.11x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.325s (+6.4% 🔺)	3.885s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.560s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.426s (-2.6%)	4.152s (+4.0%)	0.726s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.672s (-4.5%)	4.349s (-2.9%)	0.677s	7	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.131s (-7.3% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.881s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.138s (-1.0%)	1.003s (~)	0.016s (+7.2% 🔺)	1.027s (~)	0.889s	10	1.06x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.157s (+13.0% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.000s (+100.0% 🔺)	1.015s (~)	0.858s	10	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	0.178s (+1.0%)	0.992s (~)	0.016s (-9.9% 🟢)	1.023s (~)	0.845s	10	1.36x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.182s (-3.9%)	0.992s (~)	0.018s (+16.1% 🔺)	1.024s (~)	0.843s	10	1.39x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.480s (-8.6% 🟢)	0.972s (+5.1% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.013s (~)	0.533s	10	3.67x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.519s (+4.9%)	0.931s (-3.1%)	0.000s (~)	1.014s (~)	0.495s	10	3.97x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.349s (-44.4% 🟢)	1.692s (-35.4% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.012s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.663s	10	10.31x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.168s (+66.5% 🔺)	2.873s (+65.2% 🔺)	0.000s (+100.0% 🔺)	3.014s (+49.8% 🔺)	0.847s	10	16.57x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.285s (+134.9% 🔺)	2.763s (+86.8% 🔺)	0.000s (~)	3.019s (+86.4% 🔺)	0.733s	10	17.47x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.885s (-2.0%)	3.270s (+2.0%)	0.570s (+6.3% 🔺)	4.354s (+4.2%)	1.470s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.008s (+6.4% 🔺)	3.240s (~)	0.454s (+9.7% 🔺)	4.211s (+3.8%)	1.203s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.410s (+14.6% 🔺)	3.732s (+8.4% 🔺)	0.594s (+20.6% 🔺)	4.766s (+8.2% 🔺)	1.356s	10	1.18x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7/8
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4/8
▲ Vercel	Express	3/8

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	8/8
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Starter	6/8
Nitro	💻 Local	8/8

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	424	0	38	462
✅ 💻 Local Development	388	0	32	420
✅ 📦 Local Production	388	0	32	420
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	388	0	32	420
✅ 🪟 Windows	42	0	0	42
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	159	21	0	180
Total	1789	21	134	1944

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (21 failed)

mongodb (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

redis (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

starter (18 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()

turso (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	38	0	4
✅ example	38	0	4
✅ express	38	0	4
✅ fastify	38	0	4
✅ hono	38	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack	41	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	41	0	1
✅ nitro	38	0	4
✅ nuxt	38	0	4
✅ sveltekit	38	0	4
✅ vite	38	0	4

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	38	0	4
✅ express-stable	38	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	38	0	4
✅ hono-stable	38	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	42	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	42	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	38	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	38	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	38	0	4
✅ vite-stable	38	0	4

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	38	0	4
✅ express-stable	38	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	38	0	4
✅ hono-stable	38	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	42	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	42	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	38	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	38	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	38	0	4
✅ vite-stable	38	0	4

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	38	0	4
✅ express-stable	38	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	38	0	4
✅ hono-stable	38	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	42	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	42	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	38	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	38	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	38	0	4
✅ vite-stable	38	0	4

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	42	0	0

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	41	1	0
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
❌ redis	41	1	0
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	24	18	0
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	41	1	0

---

📋 View full workflow run

[ijjk]

This ensures we discover pages router entries but we still output our generated endpoints to app router folder and we create one if it doesn't already exist

This is a more minimal approach than #650 which also outputs our generated bundles to the pages folder. cc @adriandlam

Closes#650

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 2f80509

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 13 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/docs-typecheck	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Review	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.041s (~)	1.014s (~)	0.974s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.043s (+6.7% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.975s	10	1.07x
💻 Local	Express	0.044s (-5.5% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.963s	10	1.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.045s (~)	1.007s (~)	0.962s	10	1.10x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.047s (+17.2% 🔺)	1.021s (~)	0.974s	10	1.16x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.071s (+37.8% 🔺)	1.013s (~)	0.942s	10	1.76x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.083s (-7.3% 🟢)	1.016s (~)	0.933s	10	2.05x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.268s (-18.5% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.747s	10	6.59x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.328s (+32.0% 🔺)	1.038s (+1.3%)	0.710s	10	8.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.360s (+67.5% 🔺)	1.021s (~)	0.661s	10	8.86x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.588s (~)	1.524s (-0.6%)	0.936s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.641s (+2.9%)	1.559s (-2.1%)	0.917s	10	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.692s (+10.0% 🔺)	1.592s (+8.6% 🔺)	0.900s	10	1.18x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.092s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.918s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.098s (~)	2.012s (~)	0.914s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.113s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.894s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.114s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.894s	10	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.115s (+1.3%)	2.015s (~)	0.900s	10	1.02x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.266s (-3.7%)	2.015s (~)	0.749s	10	1.16x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.276s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.736s	10	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.119s (-3.9%)	3.013s (~)	0.894s	10	1.94x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.165s (+15.6% 🔺)	3.018s (+49.7% 🔺)	0.853s	10	1.98x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.435s (+13.4% 🔺)	3.013s (~)	0.578s	10	2.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.719s (+2.5%)	3.650s (+2.4%)	0.931s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.764s (+1.9%)	3.717s (~)	0.954s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.840s (+4.9%)	3.732s (+3.8%)	0.892s	10	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.617s (~)	11.015s (~)	0.398s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.664s (~)	11.018s (~)	0.354s	5	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.763s (+1.0%)	11.022s (~)	0.260s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	10.789s (~)	11.015s (~)	0.226s	5	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.799s (~)	11.014s (~)	0.215s	5	1.02x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.066s (-1.5%)	12.630s (-3.0%)	0.564s	5	1.14x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.182s (~)	13.025s (~)	0.843s	5	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.098s (-0.5%)	20.434s (-2.8%)	0.336s	5	1.89x
🐘 Postgres	Express	20.334s (~)	21.030s (+1.0%)	0.697s	5	1.92x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.494s (+38.0% 🔺)	21.036s (+38.1% 🔺)	0.542s	5	1.93x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	22.479s (~)	23.186s (~)	0.707s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	22.528s (+2.5%)	23.454s (+3.0%)	0.926s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	22.581s (+2.4%)	23.291s (+2.2%)	0.710s	5	1.00x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.361s (~)	2.009s (~)	0.648s	15	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.373s (+1.2%)	2.011s (~)	0.638s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.397s (+1.1%)	2.012s (~)	0.615s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.401s (-0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.605s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.419s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.588s	15	1.04x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.117s (-1.4%)	3.013s (~)	0.896s	10	1.56x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.168s (+14.3% 🔺)	2.833s (+40.8% 🔺)	0.665s	11	1.59x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.225s (~)	3.014s (~)	0.789s	10	1.64x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.447s (-2.4%)	3.011s (~)	0.564s	10	1.80x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.500s (+6.0% 🔺)	3.014s (~)	0.515s	10	1.84x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.756s (-6.0% 🟢)	3.679s (-1.7%)	0.923s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.829s (-8.8% 🟢)	3.676s (-2.8%)	0.847s	9	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.841s (-12.6% 🟢)	3.751s (-3.4%)	0.910s	8	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.135s (+0.8%)	3.036s (~)	0.901s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.233s (+2.1%)	3.179s (+1.2%)	0.945s	10	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.269s (~)	3.205s (+1.0%)	0.935s	10	1.06x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.471s (~)	3.009s (~)	0.538s	10	1.16x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.510s (+1.1%)	3.012s (~)	0.503s	10	1.18x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.614s (+7.3% 🔺)	3.042s (+0.9%)	0.428s	10	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.064s (+6.4% 🔺)	3.784s (+17.8% 🔺)	0.721s	8	1.43x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.123s (+5.8% 🔺)	3.678s (+22.2% 🔺)	0.555s	9	1.46x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.672s (~)	5.182s (~)	0.510s	6	2.19x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.714s (~)	5.182s (~)	0.468s	6	2.21x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.385s (~)	3.849s (-3.5%)	0.464s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.436s (-2.9%)	4.109s (-1.7%)	0.673s	8	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.414s (+32.5% 🔺)	5.246s (+32.0% 🔺)	0.832s	6	1.30x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.345s (-1.3%)	2.008s (~)	0.663s	15	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.369s (+0.8%)	2.011s (~)	0.642s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.385s (-1.4%)	2.012s (~)	0.626s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.431s (+2.1%)	2.005s (~)	0.574s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.441s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.564s	15	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.709s (+12.2% 🔺)	2.012s (~)	0.303s	15	1.27x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.727s (-5.3% 🟢)	2.010s (-18.8% 🟢)	0.282s	15	1.28x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.957s (+14.9% 🔺)	2.601s (+29.5% 🔺)	0.644s	12	1.45x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.131s (~)	3.014s (~)	0.882s	10	1.58x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.216s (~)	3.010s (~)	0.795s	10	1.65x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.849s (~)	3.777s (+4.4%)	0.928s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.856s (~)	3.711s (-2.3%)	0.855s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.894s (+3.4%)	3.806s (+1.2%)	0.912s	9	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	2.261s (-3.2%)	3.201s (-1.8%)	0.940s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.283s (+1.4%)	3.217s (~)	0.933s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.399s (+9.8% 🔺)	3.356s (+9.2% 🔺)	0.957s	9	1.06x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.449s (~)	3.009s (~)	0.561s	10	1.08x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.492s (+2.0%)	3.012s (~)	0.520s	10	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.588s (-1.4%)	3.019s (~)	0.432s	10	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.860s (-0.6%)	3.125s (+3.6%)	0.265s	10	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.997s (+10.3% 🔺)	3.472s (+14.7% 🔺)	0.475s	9	1.33x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.695s (-2.1%)	5.181s (~)	0.486s	6	2.08x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.772s (+1.2%)	5.185s (~)	0.413s	6	2.11x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.325s (+6.4% 🔺)	3.885s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.560s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.426s (-2.6%)	4.152s (+4.0%)	0.726s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.672s (-4.5%)	4.349s (-2.9%)	0.677s	7	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.131s (-7.3% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.881s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.138s (-1.0%)	1.003s (~)	0.016s (+7.2% 🔺)	1.027s (~)	0.889s	10	1.06x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.157s (+13.0% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.000s (+100.0% 🔺)	1.015s (~)	0.858s	10	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	0.178s (+1.0%)	0.992s (~)	0.016s (-9.9% 🟢)	1.023s (~)	0.845s	10	1.36x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.182s (-3.9%)	0.992s (~)	0.018s (+16.1% 🔺)	1.024s (~)	0.843s	10	1.39x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.480s (-8.6% 🟢)	0.972s (+5.1% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.013s (~)	0.533s	10	3.67x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.519s (+4.9%)	0.931s (-3.1%)	0.000s (~)	1.014s (~)	0.495s	10	3.97x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.349s (-44.4% 🟢)	1.692s (-35.4% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.012s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.663s	10	10.31x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.168s (+66.5% 🔺)	2.873s (+65.2% 🔺)	0.000s (+100.0% 🔺)	3.014s (+49.8% 🔺)	0.847s	10	16.57x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.285s (+134.9% 🔺)	2.763s (+86.8% 🔺)	0.000s (~)	3.019s (+86.4% 🔺)	0.733s	10	17.47x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.885s (-2.0%)	3.270s (+2.0%)	0.570s (+6.3% 🔺)	4.354s (+4.2%)	1.470s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.008s (+6.4% 🔺)	3.240s (~)	0.454s (+9.7% 🔺)	4.211s (+3.8%)	1.203s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.410s (+14.6% 🔺)	3.732s (+8.4% 🔺)	0.594s (+20.6% 🔺)	4.766s (+8.2% 🔺)	1.356s	10	1.18x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7/8
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4/8
▲ Vercel	Express	3/8

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	8/8
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Starter	6/8
Nitro	💻 Local	8/8

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	424	0	38	462
✅ 💻 Local Development	388	0	32	420
✅ 📦 Local Production	388	0	32	420
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	388	0	32	420
✅ 🪟 Windows	42	0	0	42
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	159	21	0	180
Total	1789	21	134	1944

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (21 failed)

mongodb (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

redis (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

starter (18 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()

turso (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	38	0	4
✅ example	38	0	4
✅ express	38	0	4
✅ fastify	38	0	4
✅ hono	38	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack	41	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	41	0	1
✅ nitro	38	0	4
✅ nuxt	38	0	4
✅ sveltekit	38	0	4
✅ vite	38	0	4

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	38	0	4
✅ express-stable	38	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	38	0	4
✅ hono-stable	38	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	42	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	42	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	38	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	38	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	38	0	4
✅ vite-stable	38	0	4

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	38	0	4
✅ express-stable	38	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	38	0	4
✅ hono-stable	38	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	42	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	42	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	38	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	38	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	38	0	4
✅ vite-stable	38	0	4

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	38	0	4
✅ express-stable	38	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	38	0	4
✅ hono-stable	38	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	42	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	42	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	38	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	38	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	38	0	4
✅ vite-stable	38	0	4

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	42	0	0

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	41	1	0
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
❌ redis	41	1	0
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	24	18	0
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	41	1	0

---

📋 View full workflow run

[ijjk]

This ensures we discover pages router entries but we still output our generated endpoints to app router folder and we create one if it doesn't already exist

This is a more minimal approach than #650 which also outputs our generated bundles to the pages folder. cc @adriandlam

Closes#650

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 2f80509

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 13 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/docs-typecheck	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Review	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.041s (~)	1.014s (~)	0.974s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.043s (+6.7% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.975s	10	1.07x
💻 Local	Express	0.044s (-5.5% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.963s	10	1.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.045s (~)	1.007s (~)	0.962s	10	1.10x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.047s (+17.2% 🔺)	1.021s (~)	0.974s	10	1.16x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.071s (+37.8% 🔺)	1.013s (~)	0.942s	10	1.76x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.083s (-7.3% 🟢)	1.016s (~)	0.933s	10	2.05x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.268s (-18.5% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.747s	10	6.59x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.328s (+32.0% 🔺)	1.038s (+1.3%)	0.710s	10	8.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.360s (+67.5% 🔺)	1.021s (~)	0.661s	10	8.86x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.588s (~)	1.524s (-0.6%)	0.936s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.641s (+2.9%)	1.559s (-2.1%)	0.917s	10	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.692s (+10.0% 🔺)	1.592s (+8.6% 🔺)	0.900s	10	1.18x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.092s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.918s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.098s (~)	2.012s (~)	0.914s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.113s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.894s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.114s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.894s	10	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.115s (+1.3%)	2.015s (~)	0.900s	10	1.02x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.266s (-3.7%)	2.015s (~)	0.749s	10	1.16x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.276s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.736s	10	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.119s (-3.9%)	3.013s (~)	0.894s	10	1.94x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.165s (+15.6% 🔺)	3.018s (+49.7% 🔺)	0.853s	10	1.98x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.435s (+13.4% 🔺)	3.013s (~)	0.578s	10	2.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.719s (+2.5%)	3.650s (+2.4%)	0.931s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.764s (+1.9%)	3.717s (~)	0.954s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.840s (+4.9%)	3.732s (+3.8%)	0.892s	10	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.617s (~)	11.015s (~)	0.398s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.664s (~)	11.018s (~)	0.354s	5	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.763s (+1.0%)	11.022s (~)	0.260s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	10.789s (~)	11.015s (~)	0.226s	5	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.799s (~)	11.014s (~)	0.215s	5	1.02x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.066s (-1.5%)	12.630s (-3.0%)	0.564s	5	1.14x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.182s (~)	13.025s (~)	0.843s	5	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.098s (-0.5%)	20.434s (-2.8%)	0.336s	5	1.89x
🐘 Postgres	Express	20.334s (~)	21.030s (+1.0%)	0.697s	5	1.92x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.494s (+38.0% 🔺)	21.036s (+38.1% 🔺)	0.542s	5	1.93x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	22.479s (~)	23.186s (~)	0.707s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	22.528s (+2.5%)	23.454s (+3.0%)	0.926s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	22.581s (+2.4%)	23.291s (+2.2%)	0.710s	5	1.00x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.361s (~)	2.009s (~)	0.648s	15	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.373s (+1.2%)	2.011s (~)	0.638s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.397s (+1.1%)	2.012s (~)	0.615s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.401s (-0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.605s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.419s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.588s	15	1.04x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.117s (-1.4%)	3.013s (~)	0.896s	10	1.56x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.168s (+14.3% 🔺)	2.833s (+40.8% 🔺)	0.665s	11	1.59x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.225s (~)	3.014s (~)	0.789s	10	1.64x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.447s (-2.4%)	3.011s (~)	0.564s	10	1.80x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.500s (+6.0% 🔺)	3.014s (~)	0.515s	10	1.84x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.756s (-6.0% 🟢)	3.679s (-1.7%)	0.923s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.829s (-8.8% 🟢)	3.676s (-2.8%)	0.847s	9	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.841s (-12.6% 🟢)	3.751s (-3.4%)	0.910s	8	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.135s (+0.8%)	3.036s (~)	0.901s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.233s (+2.1%)	3.179s (+1.2%)	0.945s	10	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.269s (~)	3.205s (+1.0%)	0.935s	10	1.06x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.471s (~)	3.009s (~)	0.538s	10	1.16x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.510s (+1.1%)	3.012s (~)	0.503s	10	1.18x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.614s (+7.3% 🔺)	3.042s (+0.9%)	0.428s	10	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.064s (+6.4% 🔺)	3.784s (+17.8% 🔺)	0.721s	8	1.43x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.123s (+5.8% 🔺)	3.678s (+22.2% 🔺)	0.555s	9	1.46x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.672s (~)	5.182s (~)	0.510s	6	2.19x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.714s (~)	5.182s (~)	0.468s	6	2.21x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.385s (~)	3.849s (-3.5%)	0.464s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.436s (-2.9%)	4.109s (-1.7%)	0.673s	8	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.414s (+32.5% 🔺)	5.246s (+32.0% 🔺)	0.832s	6	1.30x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.345s (-1.3%)	2.008s (~)	0.663s	15	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.369s (+0.8%)	2.011s (~)	0.642s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.385s (-1.4%)	2.012s (~)	0.626s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.431s (+2.1%)	2.005s (~)	0.574s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.441s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.564s	15	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.709s (+12.2% 🔺)	2.012s (~)	0.303s	15	1.27x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.727s (-5.3% 🟢)	2.010s (-18.8% 🟢)	0.282s	15	1.28x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.957s (+14.9% 🔺)	2.601s (+29.5% 🔺)	0.644s	12	1.45x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.131s (~)	3.014s (~)	0.882s	10	1.58x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.216s (~)	3.010s (~)	0.795s	10	1.65x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.849s (~)	3.777s (+4.4%)	0.928s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.856s (~)	3.711s (-2.3%)	0.855s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.894s (+3.4%)	3.806s (+1.2%)	0.912s	9	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	2.261s (-3.2%)	3.201s (-1.8%)	0.940s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.283s (+1.4%)	3.217s (~)	0.933s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.399s (+9.8% 🔺)	3.356s (+9.2% 🔺)	0.957s	9	1.06x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.449s (~)	3.009s (~)	0.561s	10	1.08x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.492s (+2.0%)	3.012s (~)	0.520s	10	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.588s (-1.4%)	3.019s (~)	0.432s	10	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.860s (-0.6%)	3.125s (+3.6%)	0.265s	10	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.997s (+10.3% 🔺)	3.472s (+14.7% 🔺)	0.475s	9	1.33x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.695s (-2.1%)	5.181s (~)	0.486s	6	2.08x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.772s (+1.2%)	5.185s (~)	0.413s	6	2.11x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.325s (+6.4% 🔺)	3.885s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.560s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.426s (-2.6%)	4.152s (+4.0%)	0.726s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.672s (-4.5%)	4.349s (-2.9%)	0.677s	7	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.131s (-7.3% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.881s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.138s (-1.0%)	1.003s (~)	0.016s (+7.2% 🔺)	1.027s (~)	0.889s	10	1.06x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.157s (+13.0% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.000s (+100.0% 🔺)	1.015s (~)	0.858s	10	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	0.178s (+1.0%)	0.992s (~)	0.016s (-9.9% 🟢)	1.023s (~)	0.845s	10	1.36x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.182s (-3.9%)	0.992s (~)	0.018s (+16.1% 🔺)	1.024s (~)	0.843s	10	1.39x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.480s (-8.6% 🟢)	0.972s (+5.1% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.013s (~)	0.533s	10	3.67x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.519s (+4.9%)	0.931s (-3.1%)	0.000s (~)	1.014s (~)	0.495s	10	3.97x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.349s (-44.4% 🟢)	1.692s (-35.4% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.012s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.663s	10	10.31x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.168s (+66.5% 🔺)	2.873s (+65.2% 🔺)	0.000s (+100.0% 🔺)	3.014s (+49.8% 🔺)	0.847s	10	16.57x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.285s (+134.9% 🔺)	2.763s (+86.8% 🔺)	0.000s (~)	3.019s (+86.4% 🔺)	0.733s	10	17.47x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.885s (-2.0%)	3.270s (+2.0%)	0.570s (+6.3% 🔺)	4.354s (+4.2%)	1.470s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.008s (+6.4% 🔺)	3.240s (~)	0.454s (+9.7% 🔺)	4.211s (+3.8%)	1.203s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.410s (+14.6% 🔺)	3.732s (+8.4% 🔺)	0.594s (+20.6% 🔺)	4.766s (+8.2% 🔺)	1.356s	10	1.18x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7/8
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4/8
▲ Vercel	Express	3/8

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	8/8
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Starter	6/8
Nitro	💻 Local	8/8

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	424	0	38	462
✅ 💻 Local Development	388	0	32	420
✅ 📦 Local Production	388	0	32	420
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	388	0	32	420
✅ 🪟 Windows	42	0	0	42
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	159	21	0	180
Total	1789	21	134	1944

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (21 failed)

mongodb (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

redis (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

starter (18 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()

turso (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	38	0	4
✅ example	38	0	4
✅ express	38	0	4
✅ fastify	38	0	4
✅ hono	38	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack	41	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	41	0	1
✅ nitro	38	0	4
✅ nuxt	38	0	4
✅ sveltekit	38	0	4
✅ vite	38	0	4

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	38	0	4
✅ express-stable	38	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	38	0	4
✅ hono-stable	38	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	42	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	42	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	38	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	38	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	38	0	4
✅ vite-stable	38	0	4

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	38	0	4
✅ express-stable	38	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	38	0	4
✅ hono-stable	38	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	42	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	42	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	38	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	38	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	38	0	4
✅ vite-stable	38	0	4

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	38	0	4
✅ express-stable	38	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	38	0	4
✅ hono-stable	38	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	42	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	42	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	38	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	38	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	38	0	4
✅ vite-stable	38	0	4

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	42	0	0

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	41	1	0
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
❌ redis	41	1	0
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	24	18	0
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	41	1	0

---

📋 View full workflow run

[ijjk]

This ensures we discover pages router entries but we still output our generated endpoints to app router folder and we create one if it doesn't already exist

This is a more minimal approach than #650 which also outputs our generated bundles to the pages folder. cc @adriandlam

Closes#650

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 2f80509

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 13 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/docs-typecheck	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Review	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.041s (~)	1.014s (~)	0.974s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.043s (+6.7% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.975s	10	1.07x
💻 Local	Express	0.044s (-5.5% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.963s	10	1.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.045s (~)	1.007s (~)	0.962s	10	1.10x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.047s (+17.2% 🔺)	1.021s (~)	0.974s	10	1.16x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.071s (+37.8% 🔺)	1.013s (~)	0.942s	10	1.76x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.083s (-7.3% 🟢)	1.016s (~)	0.933s	10	2.05x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.268s (-18.5% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.747s	10	6.59x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.328s (+32.0% 🔺)	1.038s (+1.3%)	0.710s	10	8.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.360s (+67.5% 🔺)	1.021s (~)	0.661s	10	8.86x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.588s (~)	1.524s (-0.6%)	0.936s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.641s (+2.9%)	1.559s (-2.1%)	0.917s	10	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.692s (+10.0% 🔺)	1.592s (+8.6% 🔺)	0.900s	10	1.18x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.092s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.918s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.098s (~)	2.012s (~)	0.914s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.113s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.894s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.114s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.894s	10	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.115s (+1.3%)	2.015s (~)	0.900s	10	1.02x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.266s (-3.7%)	2.015s (~)	0.749s	10	1.16x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.276s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.736s	10	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.119s (-3.9%)	3.013s (~)	0.894s	10	1.94x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.165s (+15.6% 🔺)	3.018s (+49.7% 🔺)	0.853s	10	1.98x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.435s (+13.4% 🔺)	3.013s (~)	0.578s	10	2.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.719s (+2.5%)	3.650s (+2.4%)	0.931s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.764s (+1.9%)	3.717s (~)	0.954s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.840s (+4.9%)	3.732s (+3.8%)	0.892s	10	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.617s (~)	11.015s (~)	0.398s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.664s (~)	11.018s (~)	0.354s	5	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.763s (+1.0%)	11.022s (~)	0.260s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	10.789s (~)	11.015s (~)	0.226s	5	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.799s (~)	11.014s (~)	0.215s	5	1.02x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.066s (-1.5%)	12.630s (-3.0%)	0.564s	5	1.14x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.182s (~)	13.025s (~)	0.843s	5	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.098s (-0.5%)	20.434s (-2.8%)	0.336s	5	1.89x
🐘 Postgres	Express	20.334s (~)	21.030s (+1.0%)	0.697s	5	1.92x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.494s (+38.0% 🔺)	21.036s (+38.1% 🔺)	0.542s	5	1.93x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	22.479s (~)	23.186s (~)	0.707s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	22.528s (+2.5%)	23.454s (+3.0%)	0.926s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	22.581s (+2.4%)	23.291s (+2.2%)	0.710s	5	1.00x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.361s (~)	2.009s (~)	0.648s	15	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.373s (+1.2%)	2.011s (~)	0.638s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.397s (+1.1%)	2.012s (~)	0.615s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.401s (-0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.605s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.419s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.588s	15	1.04x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.117s (-1.4%)	3.013s (~)	0.896s	10	1.56x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.168s (+14.3% 🔺)	2.833s (+40.8% 🔺)	0.665s	11	1.59x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.225s (~)	3.014s (~)	0.789s	10	1.64x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.447s (-2.4%)	3.011s (~)	0.564s	10	1.80x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.500s (+6.0% 🔺)	3.014s (~)	0.515s	10	1.84x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.756s (-6.0% 🟢)	3.679s (-1.7%)	0.923s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.829s (-8.8% 🟢)	3.676s (-2.8%)	0.847s	9	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.841s (-12.6% 🟢)	3.751s (-3.4%)	0.910s	8	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.135s (+0.8%)	3.036s (~)	0.901s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.233s (+2.1%)	3.179s (+1.2%)	0.945s	10	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.269s (~)	3.205s (+1.0%)	0.935s	10	1.06x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.471s (~)	3.009s (~)	0.538s	10	1.16x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.510s (+1.1%)	3.012s (~)	0.503s	10	1.18x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.614s (+7.3% 🔺)	3.042s (+0.9%)	0.428s	10	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.064s (+6.4% 🔺)	3.784s (+17.8% 🔺)	0.721s	8	1.43x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.123s (+5.8% 🔺)	3.678s (+22.2% 🔺)	0.555s	9	1.46x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.672s (~)	5.182s (~)	0.510s	6	2.19x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.714s (~)	5.182s (~)	0.468s	6	2.21x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.385s (~)	3.849s (-3.5%)	0.464s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.436s (-2.9%)	4.109s (-1.7%)	0.673s	8	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.414s (+32.5% 🔺)	5.246s (+32.0% 🔺)	0.832s	6	1.30x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.345s (-1.3%)	2.008s (~)	0.663s	15	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.369s (+0.8%)	2.011s (~)	0.642s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.385s (-1.4%)	2.012s (~)	0.626s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.431s (+2.1%)	2.005s (~)	0.574s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.441s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.564s	15	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.709s (+12.2% 🔺)	2.012s (~)	0.303s	15	1.27x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.727s (-5.3% 🟢)	2.010s (-18.8% 🟢)	0.282s	15	1.28x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.957s (+14.9% 🔺)	2.601s (+29.5% 🔺)	0.644s	12	1.45x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.131s (~)	3.014s (~)	0.882s	10	1.58x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.216s (~)	3.010s (~)	0.795s	10	1.65x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.849s (~)	3.777s (+4.4%)	0.928s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.856s (~)	3.711s (-2.3%)	0.855s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.894s (+3.4%)	3.806s (+1.2%)	0.912s	9	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	2.261s (-3.2%)	3.201s (-1.8%)	0.940s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.283s (+1.4%)	3.217s (~)	0.933s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.399s (+9.8% 🔺)	3.356s (+9.2% 🔺)	0.957s	9	1.06x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.449s (~)	3.009s (~)	0.561s	10	1.08x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.492s (+2.0%)	3.012s (~)	0.520s	10	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.588s (-1.4%)	3.019s (~)	0.432s	10	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.860s (-0.6%)	3.125s (+3.6%)	0.265s	10	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.997s (+10.3% 🔺)	3.472s (+14.7% 🔺)	0.475s	9	1.33x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.695s (-2.1%)	5.181s (~)	0.486s	6	2.08x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.772s (+1.2%)	5.185s (~)	0.413s	6	2.11x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.325s (+6.4% 🔺)	3.885s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.560s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.426s (-2.6%)	4.152s (+4.0%)	0.726s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.672s (-4.5%)	4.349s (-2.9%)	0.677s	7	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.131s (-7.3% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.881s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.138s (-1.0%)	1.003s (~)	0.016s (+7.2% 🔺)	1.027s (~)	0.889s	10	1.06x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.157s (+13.0% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.000s (+100.0% 🔺)	1.015s (~)	0.858s	10	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	0.178s (+1.0%)	0.992s (~)	0.016s (-9.9% 🟢)	1.023s (~)	0.845s	10	1.36x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.182s (-3.9%)	0.992s (~)	0.018s (+16.1% 🔺)	1.024s (~)	0.843s	10	1.39x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.480s (-8.6% 🟢)	0.972s (+5.1% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.013s (~)	0.533s	10	3.67x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.519s (+4.9%)	0.931s (-3.1%)	0.000s (~)	1.014s (~)	0.495s	10	3.97x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.349s (-44.4% 🟢)	1.692s (-35.4% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.012s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.663s	10	10.31x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.168s (+66.5% 🔺)	2.873s (+65.2% 🔺)	0.000s (+100.0% 🔺)	3.014s (+49.8% 🔺)	0.847s	10	16.57x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.285s (+134.9% 🔺)	2.763s (+86.8% 🔺)	0.000s (~)	3.019s (+86.4% 🔺)	0.733s	10	17.47x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.885s (-2.0%)	3.270s (+2.0%)	0.570s (+6.3% 🔺)	4.354s (+4.2%)	1.470s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.008s (+6.4% 🔺)	3.240s (~)	0.454s (+9.7% 🔺)	4.211s (+3.8%)	1.203s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.410s (+14.6% 🔺)	3.732s (+8.4% 🔺)	0.594s (+20.6% 🔺)	4.766s (+8.2% 🔺)	1.356s	10	1.18x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7/8
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4/8
▲ Vercel	Express	3/8

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	8/8
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Starter	6/8
Nitro	💻 Local	8/8

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	424	0	38	462
✅ 💻 Local Development	388	0	32	420
✅ 📦 Local Production	388	0	32	420
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	388	0	32	420
✅ 🪟 Windows	42	0	0	42
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	159	21	0	180
Total	1789	21	134	1944

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (21 failed)

mongodb (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

redis (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

starter (18 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()

turso (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	38	0	4
✅ example	38	0	4
✅ express	38	0	4
✅ fastify	38	0	4
✅ hono	38	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack	41	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	41	0	1
✅ nitro	38	0	4
✅ nuxt	38	0	4
✅ sveltekit	38	0	4
✅ vite	38	0	4

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	38	0	4
✅ express-stable	38	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	38	0	4
✅ hono-stable	38	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	42	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	42	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	38	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	38	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	38	0	4
✅ vite-stable	38	0	4

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	38	0	4
✅ express-stable	38	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	38	0	4
✅ hono-stable	38	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	42	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	42	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	38	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	38	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	38	0	4
✅ vite-stable	38	0	4

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	38	0	4
✅ express-stable	38	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	38	0	4
✅ hono-stable	38	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	42	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	42	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	38	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	38	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	38	0	4
✅ vite-stable	38	0	4

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	42	0	0

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	41	1	0
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
❌ redis	41	1	0
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	24	18	0
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	41	1	0

---

📋 View full workflow run

[ijjk]

This ensures we discover pages router entries but we still output our generated endpoints to app router folder and we create one if it doesn't already exist

This is a more minimal approach than #650 which also outputs our generated bundles to the pages folder. cc @adriandlam

Closes#650

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 2f80509

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 13 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/docs-typecheck	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Review	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.041s (~)	1.014s (~)	0.974s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.043s (+6.7% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.975s	10	1.07x
💻 Local	Express	0.044s (-5.5% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.963s	10	1.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.045s (~)	1.007s (~)	0.962s	10	1.10x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.047s (+17.2% 🔺)	1.021s (~)	0.974s	10	1.16x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.071s (+37.8% 🔺)	1.013s (~)	0.942s	10	1.76x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.083s (-7.3% 🟢)	1.016s (~)	0.933s	10	2.05x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.268s (-18.5% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.747s	10	6.59x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.328s (+32.0% 🔺)	1.038s (+1.3%)	0.710s	10	8.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.360s (+67.5% 🔺)	1.021s (~)	0.661s	10	8.86x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.588s (~)	1.524s (-0.6%)	0.936s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.641s (+2.9%)	1.559s (-2.1%)	0.917s	10	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.692s (+10.0% 🔺)	1.592s (+8.6% 🔺)	0.900s	10	1.18x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.092s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.918s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.098s (~)	2.012s (~)	0.914s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.113s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.894s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.114s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.894s	10	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.115s (+1.3%)	2.015s (~)	0.900s	10	1.02x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.266s (-3.7%)	2.015s (~)	0.749s	10	1.16x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.276s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.736s	10	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.119s (-3.9%)	3.013s (~)	0.894s	10	1.94x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.165s (+15.6% 🔺)	3.018s (+49.7% 🔺)	0.853s	10	1.98x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.435s (+13.4% 🔺)	3.013s (~)	0.578s	10	2.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.719s (+2.5%)	3.650s (+2.4%)	0.931s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.764s (+1.9%)	3.717s (~)	0.954s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.840s (+4.9%)	3.732s (+3.8%)	0.892s	10	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.617s (~)	11.015s (~)	0.398s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.664s (~)	11.018s (~)	0.354s	5	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.763s (+1.0%)	11.022s (~)	0.260s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	10.789s (~)	11.015s (~)	0.226s	5	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.799s (~)	11.014s (~)	0.215s	5	1.02x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.066s (-1.5%)	12.630s (-3.0%)	0.564s	5	1.14x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.182s (~)	13.025s (~)	0.843s	5	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.098s (-0.5%)	20.434s (-2.8%)	0.336s	5	1.89x
🐘 Postgres	Express	20.334s (~)	21.030s (+1.0%)	0.697s	5	1.92x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.494s (+38.0% 🔺)	21.036s (+38.1% 🔺)	0.542s	5	1.93x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	22.479s (~)	23.186s (~)	0.707s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	22.528s (+2.5%)	23.454s (+3.0%)	0.926s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	22.581s (+2.4%)	23.291s (+2.2%)	0.710s	5	1.00x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.361s (~)	2.009s (~)	0.648s	15	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.373s (+1.2%)	2.011s (~)	0.638s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.397s (+1.1%)	2.012s (~)	0.615s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.401s (-0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.605s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.419s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.588s	15	1.04x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.117s (-1.4%)	3.013s (~)	0.896s	10	1.56x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.168s (+14.3% 🔺)	2.833s (+40.8% 🔺)	0.665s	11	1.59x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.225s (~)	3.014s (~)	0.789s	10	1.64x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.447s (-2.4%)	3.011s (~)	0.564s	10	1.80x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.500s (+6.0% 🔺)	3.014s (~)	0.515s	10	1.84x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.756s (-6.0% 🟢)	3.679s (-1.7%)	0.923s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.829s (-8.8% 🟢)	3.676s (-2.8%)	0.847s	9	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.841s (-12.6% 🟢)	3.751s (-3.4%)	0.910s	8	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.135s (+0.8%)	3.036s (~)	0.901s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.233s (+2.1%)	3.179s (+1.2%)	0.945s	10	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.269s (~)	3.205s (+1.0%)	0.935s	10	1.06x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.471s (~)	3.009s (~)	0.538s	10	1.16x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.510s (+1.1%)	3.012s (~)	0.503s	10	1.18x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.614s (+7.3% 🔺)	3.042s (+0.9%)	0.428s	10	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.064s (+6.4% 🔺)	3.784s (+17.8% 🔺)	0.721s	8	1.43x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.123s (+5.8% 🔺)	3.678s (+22.2% 🔺)	0.555s	9	1.46x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.672s (~)	5.182s (~)	0.510s	6	2.19x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.714s (~)	5.182s (~)	0.468s	6	2.21x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.385s (~)	3.849s (-3.5%)	0.464s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.436s (-2.9%)	4.109s (-1.7%)	0.673s	8	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.414s (+32.5% 🔺)	5.246s (+32.0% 🔺)	0.832s	6	1.30x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.345s (-1.3%)	2.008s (~)	0.663s	15	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.369s (+0.8%)	2.011s (~)	0.642s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.385s (-1.4%)	2.012s (~)	0.626s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.431s (+2.1%)	2.005s (~)	0.574s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.441s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.564s	15	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.709s (+12.2% 🔺)	2.012s (~)	0.303s	15	1.27x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.727s (-5.3% 🟢)	2.010s (-18.8% 🟢)	0.282s	15	1.28x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.957s (+14.9% 🔺)	2.601s (+29.5% 🔺)	0.644s	12	1.45x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.131s (~)	3.014s (~)	0.882s	10	1.58x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.216s (~)	3.010s (~)	0.795s	10	1.65x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.849s (~)	3.777s (+4.4%)	0.928s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.856s (~)	3.711s (-2.3%)	0.855s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.894s (+3.4%)	3.806s (+1.2%)	0.912s	9	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	2.261s (-3.2%)	3.201s (-1.8%)	0.940s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.283s (+1.4%)	3.217s (~)	0.933s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.399s (+9.8% 🔺)	3.356s (+9.2% 🔺)	0.957s	9	1.06x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.449s (~)	3.009s (~)	0.561s	10	1.08x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.492s (+2.0%)	3.012s (~)	0.520s	10	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.588s (-1.4%)	3.019s (~)	0.432s	10	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.860s (-0.6%)	3.125s (+3.6%)	0.265s	10	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.997s (+10.3% 🔺)	3.472s (+14.7% 🔺)	0.475s	9	1.33x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.695s (-2.1%)	5.181s (~)	0.486s	6	2.08x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.772s (+1.2%)	5.185s (~)	0.413s	6	2.11x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.325s (+6.4% 🔺)	3.885s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.560s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.426s (-2.6%)	4.152s (+4.0%)	0.726s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.672s (-4.5%)	4.349s (-2.9%)	0.677s	7	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.131s (-7.3% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.881s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.138s (-1.0%)	1.003s (~)	0.016s (+7.2% 🔺)	1.027s (~)	0.889s	10	1.06x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.157s (+13.0% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.000s (+100.0% 🔺)	1.015s (~)	0.858s	10	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	0.178s (+1.0%)	0.992s (~)	0.016s (-9.9% 🟢)	1.023s (~)	0.845s	10	1.36x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.182s (-3.9%)	0.992s (~)	0.018s (+16.1% 🔺)	1.024s (~)	0.843s	10	1.39x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.480s (-8.6% 🟢)	0.972s (+5.1% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.013s (~)	0.533s	10	3.67x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.519s (+4.9%)	0.931s (-3.1%)	0.000s (~)	1.014s (~)	0.495s	10	3.97x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.349s (-44.4% 🟢)	1.692s (-35.4% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.012s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.663s	10	10.31x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.168s (+66.5% 🔺)	2.873s (+65.2% 🔺)	0.000s (+100.0% 🔺)	3.014s (+49.8% 🔺)	0.847s	10	16.57x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.285s (+134.9% 🔺)	2.763s (+86.8% 🔺)	0.000s (~)	3.019s (+86.4% 🔺)	0.733s	10	17.47x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.885s (-2.0%)	3.270s (+2.0%)	0.570s (+6.3% 🔺)	4.354s (+4.2%)	1.470s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.008s (+6.4% 🔺)	3.240s (~)	0.454s (+9.7% 🔺)	4.211s (+3.8%)	1.203s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.410s (+14.6% 🔺)	3.732s (+8.4% 🔺)	0.594s (+20.6% 🔺)	4.766s (+8.2% 🔺)	1.356s	10	1.18x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7/8
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4/8
▲ Vercel	Express	3/8

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	8/8
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Starter	6/8
Nitro	💻 Local	8/8

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	424	0	38	462
✅ 💻 Local Development	388	0	32	420
✅ 📦 Local Production	388	0	32	420
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	388	0	32	420
✅ 🪟 Windows	42	0	0	42
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	159	21	0	180
Total	1789	21	134	1944

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (21 failed)

mongodb (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

redis (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

starter (18 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()

turso (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	38	0	4
✅ example	38	0	4
✅ express	38	0	4
✅ fastify	38	0	4
✅ hono	38	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack	41	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	41	0	1
✅ nitro	38	0	4
✅ nuxt	38	0	4
✅ sveltekit	38	0	4
✅ vite	38	0	4

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	38	0	4
✅ express-stable	38	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	38	0	4
✅ hono-stable	38	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	42	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	42	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	38	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	38	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	38	0	4
✅ vite-stable	38	0	4

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	38	0	4
✅ express-stable	38	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	38	0	4
✅ hono-stable	38	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	42	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	42	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	38	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	38	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	38	0	4
✅ vite-stable	38	0	4

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	38	0	4
✅ express-stable	38	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	38	0	4
✅ hono-stable	38	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	42	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	42	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	38	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	38	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	38	0	4
✅ vite-stable	38	0	4

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	42	0	0

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	41	1	0
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
❌ redis	41	1	0
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	24	18	0
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	41	1	0

---

📋 View full workflow run

[ijjk]

This ensures we discover pages router entries but we still output our generated endpoints to app router folder and we create one if it doesn't already exist

This is a more minimal approach than #650 which also outputs our generated bundles to the pages folder. cc @adriandlam

Closes#650

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 2f80509

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 13 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/docs-typecheck	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Review	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jan 16, 2026 0:21am

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.041s (~)	1.014s (~)	0.974s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.043s (+6.7% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.975s	10	1.07x
💻 Local	Express	0.044s (-5.5% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.963s	10	1.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.045s (~)	1.007s (~)	0.962s	10	1.10x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.047s (+17.2% 🔺)	1.021s (~)	0.974s	10	1.16x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.071s (+37.8% 🔺)	1.013s (~)	0.942s	10	1.76x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.083s (-7.3% 🟢)	1.016s (~)	0.933s	10	2.05x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.268s (-18.5% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.747s	10	6.59x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.328s (+32.0% 🔺)	1.038s (+1.3%)	0.710s	10	8.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.360s (+67.5% 🔺)	1.021s (~)	0.661s	10	8.86x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.588s (~)	1.524s (-0.6%)	0.936s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.641s (+2.9%)	1.559s (-2.1%)	0.917s	10	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.692s (+10.0% 🔺)	1.592s (+8.6% 🔺)	0.900s	10	1.18x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.092s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.918s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.098s (~)	2.012s (~)	0.914s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.113s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.894s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.114s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.894s	10	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.115s (+1.3%)	2.015s (~)	0.900s	10	1.02x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.266s (-3.7%)	2.015s (~)	0.749s	10	1.16x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.276s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.736s	10	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.119s (-3.9%)	3.013s (~)	0.894s	10	1.94x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.165s (+15.6% 🔺)	3.018s (+49.7% 🔺)	0.853s	10	1.98x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.435s (+13.4% 🔺)	3.013s (~)	0.578s	10	2.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.719s (+2.5%)	3.650s (+2.4%)	0.931s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.764s (+1.9%)	3.717s (~)	0.954s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.840s (+4.9%)	3.732s (+3.8%)	0.892s	10	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.617s (~)	11.015s (~)	0.398s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.664s (~)	11.018s (~)	0.354s	5	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.763s (+1.0%)	11.022s (~)	0.260s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	10.789s (~)	11.015s (~)	0.226s	5	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.799s (~)	11.014s (~)	0.215s	5	1.02x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.066s (-1.5%)	12.630s (-3.0%)	0.564s	5	1.14x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.182s (~)	13.025s (~)	0.843s	5	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.098s (-0.5%)	20.434s (-2.8%)	0.336s	5	1.89x
🐘 Postgres	Express	20.334s (~)	21.030s (+1.0%)	0.697s	5	1.92x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.494s (+38.0% 🔺)	21.036s (+38.1% 🔺)	0.542s	5	1.93x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	22.479s (~)	23.186s (~)	0.707s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	22.528s (+2.5%)	23.454s (+3.0%)	0.926s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	22.581s (+2.4%)	23.291s (+2.2%)	0.710s	5	1.00x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.361s (~)	2.009s (~)	0.648s	15	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.373s (+1.2%)	2.011s (~)	0.638s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.397s (+1.1%)	2.012s (~)	0.615s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.401s (-0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.605s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.419s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.588s	15	1.04x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.117s (-1.4%)	3.013s (~)	0.896s	10	1.56x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.168s (+14.3% 🔺)	2.833s (+40.8% 🔺)	0.665s	11	1.59x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.225s (~)	3.014s (~)	0.789s	10	1.64x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.447s (-2.4%)	3.011s (~)	0.564s	10	1.80x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.500s (+6.0% 🔺)	3.014s (~)	0.515s	10	1.84x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.756s (-6.0% 🟢)	3.679s (-1.7%)	0.923s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.829s (-8.8% 🟢)	3.676s (-2.8%)	0.847s	9	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.841s (-12.6% 🟢)	3.751s (-3.4%)	0.910s	8	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.135s (+0.8%)	3.036s (~)	0.901s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.233s (+2.1%)	3.179s (+1.2%)	0.945s	10	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.269s (~)	3.205s (+1.0%)	0.935s	10	1.06x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.471s (~)	3.009s (~)	0.538s	10	1.16x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.510s (+1.1%)	3.012s (~)	0.503s	10	1.18x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.614s (+7.3% 🔺)	3.042s (+0.9%)	0.428s	10	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.064s (+6.4% 🔺)	3.784s (+17.8% 🔺)	0.721s	8	1.43x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.123s (+5.8% 🔺)	3.678s (+22.2% 🔺)	0.555s	9	1.46x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.672s (~)	5.182s (~)	0.510s	6	2.19x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.714s (~)	5.182s (~)	0.468s	6	2.21x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.385s (~)	3.849s (-3.5%)	0.464s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.436s (-2.9%)	4.109s (-1.7%)	0.673s	8	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.414s (+32.5% 🔺)	5.246s (+32.0% 🔺)	0.832s	6	1.30x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.345s (-1.3%)	2.008s (~)	0.663s	15	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.369s (+0.8%)	2.011s (~)	0.642s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.385s (-1.4%)	2.012s (~)	0.626s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.431s (+2.1%)	2.005s (~)	0.574s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.441s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.564s	15	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.709s (+12.2% 🔺)	2.012s (~)	0.303s	15	1.27x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.727s (-5.3% 🟢)	2.010s (-18.8% 🟢)	0.282s	15	1.28x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.957s (+14.9% 🔺)	2.601s (+29.5% 🔺)	0.644s	12	1.45x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.131s (~)	3.014s (~)	0.882s	10	1.58x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.216s (~)	3.010s (~)	0.795s	10	1.65x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.849s (~)	3.777s (+4.4%)	0.928s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.856s (~)	3.711s (-2.3%)	0.855s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.894s (+3.4%)	3.806s (+1.2%)	0.912s	9	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	2.261s (-3.2%)	3.201s (-1.8%)	0.940s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.283s (+1.4%)	3.217s (~)	0.933s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.399s (+9.8% 🔺)	3.356s (+9.2% 🔺)	0.957s	9	1.06x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.449s (~)	3.009s (~)	0.561s	10	1.08x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.492s (+2.0%)	3.012s (~)	0.520s	10	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.588s (-1.4%)	3.019s (~)	0.432s	10	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.860s (-0.6%)	3.125s (+3.6%)	0.265s	10	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.997s (+10.3% 🔺)	3.472s (+14.7% 🔺)	0.475s	9	1.33x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.695s (-2.1%)	5.181s (~)	0.486s	6	2.08x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.772s (+1.2%)	5.185s (~)	0.413s	6	2.11x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.325s (+6.4% 🔺)	3.885s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.560s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.426s (-2.6%)	4.152s (+4.0%)	0.726s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.672s (-4.5%)	4.349s (-2.9%)	0.677s	7	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.131s (-7.3% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.881s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.138s (-1.0%)	1.003s (~)	0.016s (+7.2% 🔺)	1.027s (~)	0.889s	10	1.06x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.157s (+13.0% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.000s (+100.0% 🔺)	1.015s (~)	0.858s	10	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	0.178s (+1.0%)	0.992s (~)	0.016s (-9.9% 🟢)	1.023s (~)	0.845s	10	1.36x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.182s (-3.9%)	0.992s (~)	0.018s (+16.1% 🔺)	1.024s (~)	0.843s	10	1.39x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.480s (-8.6% 🟢)	0.972s (+5.1% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.013s (~)	0.533s	10	3.67x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.519s (+4.9%)	0.931s (-3.1%)	0.000s (~)	1.014s (~)	0.495s	10	3.97x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.349s (-44.4% 🟢)	1.692s (-35.4% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.012s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.663s	10	10.31x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.168s (+66.5% 🔺)	2.873s (+65.2% 🔺)	0.000s (+100.0% 🔺)	3.014s (+49.8% 🔺)	0.847s	10	16.57x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.285s (+134.9% 🔺)	2.763s (+86.8% 🔺)	0.000s (~)	3.019s (+86.4% 🔺)	0.733s	10	17.47x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.885s (-2.0%)	3.270s (+2.0%)	0.570s (+6.3% 🔺)	4.354s (+4.2%)	1.470s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.008s (+6.4% 🔺)	3.240s (~)	0.454s (+9.7% 🔺)	4.211s (+3.8%)	1.203s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.410s (+14.6% 🔺)	3.732s (+8.4% 🔺)	0.594s (+20.6% 🔺)	4.766s (+8.2% 🔺)	1.356s	10	1.18x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7/8
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4/8
▲ Vercel	Express	3/8

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	8/8
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Starter	6/8
Nitro	💻 Local	8/8

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	424	0	38	462
✅ 💻 Local Development	388	0	32	420
✅ 📦 Local Production	388	0	32	420
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	388	0	32	420
✅ 🪟 Windows	42	0	0	42
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	159	21	0	180
Total	1789	21	134	1944

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (21 failed)

mongodb (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

redis (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

starter (18 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()

turso (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	38	0	4
✅ example	38	0	4
✅ express	38	0	4
✅ fastify	38	0	4
✅ hono	38	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack	41	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	41	0	1
✅ nitro	38	0	4
✅ nuxt	38	0	4
✅ sveltekit	38	0	4
✅ vite	38	0	4

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	38	0	4
✅ express-stable	38	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	38	0	4
✅ hono-stable	38	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	42	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	42	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	38	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	38	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	38	0	4
✅ vite-stable	38	0	4

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	38	0	4
✅ express-stable	38	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	38	0	4
✅ hono-stable	38	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	42	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	42	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	38	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	38	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	38	0	4
✅ vite-stable	38	0	4

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	38	0	4
✅ express-stable	38	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	38	0	4
✅ hono-stable	38	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	42	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	42	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	38	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	38	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	38	0	4
✅ vite-stable	38	0	4

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	42	0	0

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	41	1	0
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
❌ redis	41	1	0
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	24	18	0
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	41	1	0

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