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Isaac Shelton edited this page Sep 8, 2023 · 71 revisions

Adept Programming Language 2.7

Table of Contents:

Changes in Adept 2.7

Language:

  • Added ability to mark types as no discard using the exhaustive keyword:

    • func getName() exhaustive String = "Not using this return value is a compile-time error"

  • Added ability to mark functions as disallowed using = delete

    • func youCannotCallThisFunction(a, b int) int = delete

    • func youCannotCallThisFunction(a, b int) int = delete { return a + b }

    • Trying to call a disallowed function is a compile-time error.

    • Trying to assign a type regularly that has __assign__ disallowed is a compile-time error.

      • func __assign__(this *UnassignableType, _other POD UnassignableType) = delete

  • Unreachable code paths are no longer required to return a value

  • Added better and consistent constructors, with the new constructor keyword

    struct Rectangle (w, h float) {
constructor(w, h float) {
this.w = w
this.h = h
}
constructor(size float) {
this.__constructor__(size, size)
}
}
func main {
rectangle1 Rectangle(100, 50)
rectangle2 Rectangle = Rectangle(75, 50)
rectangle3 Rectangle
rectangle3.__constructor__(500)
rectangle4 *Rectangle = new Rectangle(640, 480)
defer delete rectangle4
}
    • Constructors automatically generate a constructor function (that has the same name as the type it's for)
    • Constructors come with a companion __constructor__ method, which can be used to call a constructor on any value
    • Constructors can use the new immediate construction syntax: my_value MyType() and new MyType()
    • Zero-initialization is still the default, constructors don't apply to naked definitions, e.g. my_value MyType is zero-initialized and not constructed.

  • Trying to declare __as__ as a method is now a compile-time error (__as__ should be declared as a function)

  • Changed #halt directive to exit the compiler with status code 1 instead of 0

  • Added #done directive to exit the compiler with status code of 0

  • Added #runtime_resource directive, which will create a project-local copy of a file (if one with the same name doesn't already exist)

    • Used to automatically supply runtime resources such as .dll files to new projects that need them

  • Added classes, which are equivalent to structs except that they allow for virtual dispatch and come with a __vtable__ field.

    import basics
class Shape () {
constructor {}
}
func main {
shape *Shape = new Shape()
defer delete shape
print(shape.__vtable__) // Will be non-zero since `value` is constructed and ready for dynamic dispatch
}
    • All classes require a constructor and must be constructed in order to use dynamic dispatch / virtual methods

  • Added virtual methods and virtual dispatch

    import basics
class Shape () {
constructor {}
virtual func getArea() float {
return 0.0f
}
}
class Rectangle extends Shape (w, h float) {
constructor(w, h float) {
this.w = w
this.h = h
}
override func getArea() float {
return this.w * this.h
}
}
func main {
shape *Shape = new Rectangle(100.0f, 50.0f)
defer delete shape
print(shape.getArea())
}
    • Virtual methods can be used alongside existing features such as regular polymorphism, default values, and more

  • Added optional foreign prefix for enums, which disables the requirement to use the EnumName:: prefix to refer to enum variants. This is useful when writing bindings for C libraries, as enum variants are already named to be unambiguous.

    // ...
foreign enum CURLUPart (
CURLUPART_URL,
CURLUPART_SCHEME,
CURLUPART_USER,
CURLUPART_PASSWORD,
CURLUPART_OPTIONS,
CURLUPART_HOST,
CURLUPART_PORT,
CURLUPART_PATH,
CURLUPART_QUERY,
CURLUPART_FRAGMENT,
CURLUPART_ZONEID /* added in 7.65.0 */
)
func main {
// Without `foreign` prefix, we would have to do:
part1 CURLUPart = CURLUPart::CURLUPART_URL
// With `foreign` prefix, we're allowed to do:
part1 CURLUPart = CURLUPART_URL
}

  • Resolved issues with loose polymorphism

    • $T and $~T are no longer equivalent
      • $T and $~T are now only equivalent if at the top level of a type. For example, func add(a, b $T) $T is equivalent to func add(a $T, b $~T) $T, but func add(a, b <$T> Container) <$T> Container is not equivalent to func add(a <$T> Container, b <$~T> Container) <$T> Container.

  • Added new polymorphic prerequisite $T extends MyClass, e.g. func useShape(shape <$T extends Shape> Optional) { ... }

  • Changed __unix__ to now properly be true when compiling for macOS

  • Lots of bugs fixes

Standard Library:

  • Removed outdated lowercase constructors for types in 2.7/ standard library
    • array(items, length) removed in favor of Array(items, length)
    • list(items, length, ownership) removed in favor of List(items, length, ownership)
    • string(null_terminated_string) removed in favor of String(null_terminated_string)
    • captColor(r, g, b, a) removed in favor of CaptColor(r, g, b, a)
    • etc.
    • Outdated programs that use these old constructor names will need to have an earlier version of the standard library specified in order to compile (e.g. with --std=2.6 or pragma default_stdlib '2.6' or have pragma compiler_version '2.6')
  • Some types such as Pair are now records instead of plain structs
  • Trying to use a donor String, List, or Grid value after it has been donated now is now a runtime error (enabled by default)
  • StringOwnership::DONATED has been renamed to StringOwnership::DONOR
  • Added give() method for String, List, and Grid, which is equivalent to commit() with ownership required. Not having ownership to give is a runtime error by default.
  • Added __assign__ for Optional, so that their internal values are not improperly assigned when has is false

Behind the Scenes Changes:

  • Completely rewrote lexer
  • Cleaner compiler code

Changes in Adept 2.6

Language:

  • Added records record Person (firstname, lastname String)
  • Added first class support for [] fixed array syntax
  • Added support for compile-time dynamically sized fixed arrays fixed_array [count] int
  • Pointless __defer__ functions are no longer generated, while also maintaining backwards compatibility
  • Automatic generation for __assign__ functions when applicable
  • Global data now works properly when using WinMain as entry point
  • Added pragma windowed and --windowed options to disable the opening of the command prompt on Windows
  • Added __pod__ and __assign__ polymorphic prerequisites
  • Condition-less blocks
  • Changed $T polymorphs to always allow built-in auto conversions (equivalent to $~T in previous versions)

Standard Library:

  • Added applyDefer(this *<$T> Array) void to 2.7/Array.adept
  • Added buffer-overflow protection in the implementation of parts of the standard library

Changes in Adept 2.5

Language:

  • Removed using namespace
  • Now supports new macOS M1 chip arm64 architecture
  • Added support for anonymous structs/unions
  • Added support for anonymous structs/unions as unnamed fields
  • Added typenameof $T expression
  • Added embed "filename.txt" expression
  • Added ability to rename idx in repeat loops via using my_idx
  • Added null ubyte literal '\0'ub
  • Added support for chained methods as statements - thing1().thing2().thing3()
  • Completed runtime type information for complex composite types
  • Added new transcendent variables __compiler_major__, __compiler_minor__, __compiler_release__, and __compiler_version_name__
  • Changed __compiler_version__ to be a number instead of a string (__compiler_version_name__ now exists for string version)
  • Added alignof Type expression
  • Package manager now included
  • Lots of bug fixes

Standard Library:

  • Fixed an issue with 2.x/captain.adept on HDPI displays. Solution was back-ported to earlier versions
  • Fixed an issue in 2.4/aabb.adept
  • Added more math definitions in 2.7/cmath.adept
  • Changed 2.7/* to use new typenameof $T expression instead of RTTI when possible
  • Added unix/sys/time.adept
  • Added new helper functions in 2.7/captain.adept
  • Added new method clone(this *<*$P> List) <*$P> List in 2.7/List.adept
  • Added basic JSON parser 2.7/JSON.adept
  • Added more functionality for 2.7/Matrix4f.adept and 2.7/Vector3f.adept
  • Fixed an issue in 2.x/Optional.adept
  • Added stuff to stb/image.adept
  • Added unique pointer type 2.7/Unique.adept
  • Added generic grid data-structure 2.7/Grid.adept
  • Added new user utility functions for 2.7/captain.adept
  • Added native libraries for Mach-O arm64
  • Added experimental WebAssembly target
  • Added new method join(this *<String> List) String to 2.7/parse.adept
  • Added meta variables __arm64__, __x86_64__, and __wasm__
  • Upgraded warning guard in sys/cfloat.adept

Changes in Adept 2.4

  • Added namespaces
  • Added initializer lists
  • Added __as__ management function
  • Added ~> operator
  • Added polycount variables $#N
  • Added static variables
  • Added alternative syntax choices
  • Added better syntax for constant expressions
  • Added ability to have scoped constant expressions
  • Added new way to pass variadic arguments using VariadicArray
  • Added function aliases
  • Added --entry and pragma entry_point
  • Added sizeof(value) expression
  • Reduced size of resulting executable
  • Made switch statement cases less picky
  • Added built-in compile-checks for printf(String, args ...)
  • Added simple unions
  • Added polymorph that matches convertable types $~T of $T
  • Added ability to use ++ and -- on floating point types
  • Changed integer values of unspecified type to collapse to type long instead of int
  • Added #define
  • Added cross-compilation for Windows from MacOS
  • Changed warnings to print code fragments
  • Added --short-warnings and pragma short_warnings to disable code fragments for warnings
  • Added #error and #warning
  • Added -Werror and pragma warn_as_error to treat compiler warnings as errors
  • Added null meta value
  • Added --ignore-unused and pragma ignore_unused to ignore unused variable warnings
  • Added prototype REPL
  • Added exhaustive keyword to force switch statements to account for all values of an enum
  • Added ability to specify default argument values
  • Added .size field to AnyType types
  • Added support for C-style variadic arguments via va_start, va_end, va_arg and va_copy
  • Added __access__ management function
  • Added __stdlib__ dynamic compile-time meta variable
  • Added -std=2.5 and pragma default_stdlib to set default standard library
  • Added import my_component syntax to import from the standard library
  • Improved --version human friendliness
  • Added --ignore-* compiler flags and pragma ignore_ pragma directives
  • Improved compilation performance
  • Improved error and warning message format
  • Cross-Compilation from MacOS to Windows with --windows
  • Fix some bugs

Thank you for sponsoring Adept: ❤️

  • Fernando Dantas

Table of Contents

Clone this wiki locally

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Home · AdeptLanguage/Adept Wiki · GitHub
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Isaac Shelton edited this page Sep 8, 2023
·
71 revisions
Adept Programming Language 2.7
Table of Contents:
Changes in Adept 2.7
Language:
  • Added ability to mark types as no discard using the exhaustive keyword:
    • func getName() exhaustive String = "Not using this return value is a compile-time error"
  • Added ability to mark functions as disallowed using = delete
    • func youCannotCallThisFunction(a, b int) int = delete
    • func youCannotCallThisFunction(a, b int) int = delete { return a + b }
    • Trying to call a disallowed function is a compile-time error.
    • Trying to assign a type regularly that has __assign__ disallowed is a compile-time error.
      • func __assign__(this *UnassignableType, _other POD UnassignableType) = delete
  • Unreachable code paths are no longer required to return a value
  • Added better and consistent constructors, with the new constructor keyword
    struct Rectangle (w, h float) {
constructor(w, h float) {
this.w = w
this.h = h
}
constructor(size float) {
this.__constructor__(size, size)
}
}
func main {
rectangle1 Rectangle(100, 50)
rectangle2 Rectangle = Rectangle(75, 50)
rectangle3 Rectangle
rectangle3.__constructor__(500)
rectangle4 *Rectangle = new Rectangle(640, 480)
defer delete rectangle4
}

    • Constructors automatically generate a constructor function (that has the same name as the type it's for)
    • Constructors come with a companion __constructor__ method, which can be used to call a constructor on any value
    • Constructors can use the new immediate construction syntax: my_value MyType() and new MyType()
    • Zero-initialization is still the default, constructors don't apply to naked definitions, e.g. my_value MyType is zero-initialized and not constructed.
  • Trying to declare __as__ as a method is now a compile-time error (__as__ should be declared as a function)
  • Changed #halt directive to exit the compiler with status code 1 instead of 0
  • Added #done directive to exit the compiler with status code of 0
  • Added #runtime_resource directive, which will create a project-local copy of a file (if one with the same name doesn't already exist)
    • Used to automatically supply runtime resources such as .dll files to new projects that need them
  • Added classes, which are equivalent to structs except that they allow for virtual dispatch and come with a __vtable__ field.
    import basics
class Shape () {
constructor {}
}
func main {
shape *Shape = new Shape()
defer delete shape
print(shape.__vtable__) // Will be non-zero since `value` is constructed and ready for dynamic dispatch
}

    • All classes require a constructor and must be constructed in order to use dynamic dispatch / virtual methods
  • Added virtual methods and virtual dispatch
    import basics
class Shape () {
constructor {}
virtual func getArea() float {
return 0.0f
}
}
class Rectangle extends Shape (w, h float) {
constructor(w, h float) {
this.w = w
this.h = h
}
override func getArea() float {
return this.w * this.h
}
}
func main {
shape *Shape = new Rectangle(100.0f, 50.0f)
defer delete shape
print(shape.getArea())
}

    • Virtual methods can be used alongside existing features such as regular polymorphism, default values, and more
  • Added optional foreign prefix for enums, which disables the requirement to use the EnumName:: prefix to refer to enum variants. This is useful when writing bindings for C libraries, as enum variants are already named to be unambiguous.
    // ...
foreign enum CURLUPart (
CURLUPART_URL,
CURLUPART_SCHEME,
CURLUPART_USER,
CURLUPART_PASSWORD,
CURLUPART_OPTIONS,
CURLUPART_HOST,
CURLUPART_PORT,
CURLUPART_PATH,
CURLUPART_QUERY,
CURLUPART_FRAGMENT,
CURLUPART_ZONEID /* added in 7.65.0 */
)
func main {
// Without `foreign` prefix, we would have to do:
part1 CURLUPart = CURLUPart::CURLUPART_URL
// With `foreign` prefix, we're allowed to do:
part1 CURLUPart = CURLUPART_URL
}

  • Resolved issues with loose polymorphism
    • $T and $~T are no longer equivalent

      • $T and $~T are now only equivalent if at the top level of a type. For example, func add(a, b $T) $T is equivalent to func add(a $T, b $~T) $T, but func add(a, b <$T> Container) <$T> Container is not equivalent to func add(a <$T> Container, b <$~T> Container) <$T> Container.
  • Added new polymorphic prerequisite $T extends MyClass, e.g. func useShape(shape <$T extends Shape> Optional) { ... }
  • Changed __unix__ to now properly be true when compiling for macOS
  • Lots of bugs fixes
Standard Library:
  • Removed outdated lowercase constructors for types in 2.7/ standard library

    • array(items, length) removed in favor of Array(items, length)
    • list(items, length, ownership) removed in favor of List(items, length, ownership)
    • string(null_terminated_string) removed in favor of String(null_terminated_string)
    • captColor(r, g, b, a) removed in favor of CaptColor(r, g, b, a)
    • etc.
    • Outdated programs that use these old constructor names will need to have an earlier version of the standard library specified in order to compile (e.g. with --std=2.6 or pragma default_stdlib '2.6' or have pragma compiler_version '2.6')
  • Some types such as Pair are now records instead of plain structs
  • Trying to use a donor String, List, or Grid value after it has been donated now is now a runtime error (enabled by default)
  • StringOwnership::DONATED has been renamed to StringOwnership::DONOR
  • Added give() method for String, List, and Grid, which is equivalent to commit() with ownership required. Not having ownership to give is a runtime error by default.
  • Added __assign__ for Optional, so that their internal values are not improperly assigned when has is false
Behind the Scenes Changes:
  • Completely rewrote lexer
  • Cleaner compiler code
Changes in Adept 2.6
Language:
  • Added records record Person (firstname, lastname String)
  • Added first class support for [] fixed array syntax
  • Added support for compile-time dynamically sized fixed arrays fixed_array [count] int
  • Pointless __defer__ functions are no longer generated, while also maintaining backwards compatibility
  • Automatic generation for __assign__ functions when applicable
  • Global data now works properly when using WinMain as entry point
  • Added pragma windowed and --windowed options to disable the opening of the command prompt on Windows
  • Added __pod__ and __assign__ polymorphic prerequisites
  • Condition-less blocks
  • Changed $T polymorphs to always allow built-in auto conversions (equivalent to $~T in previous versions)
Standard Library:
  • Added applyDefer(this *<$T> Array) void to 2.7/Array.adept
  • Added buffer-overflow protection in the implementation of parts of the standard library
Changes in Adept 2.5
Language:
  • Removed using namespace
  • Now supports new macOS M1 chip arm64 architecture
  • Added support for anonymous structs/unions
  • Added support for anonymous structs/unions as unnamed fields
  • Added typenameof $T expression
  • Added embed "filename.txt" expression
  • Added ability to rename idx in repeat loops via using my_idx
  • Added null ubyte literal '\0'ub
  • Added support for chained methods as statements - thing1().thing2().thing3()
  • Completed runtime type information for complex composite types
  • Added new transcendent variables __compiler_major__, __compiler_minor__, __compiler_release__, and __compiler_version_name__
  • Changed __compiler_version__ to be a number instead of a string (__compiler_version_name__ now exists for string version)
  • Added alignof Type expression
  • Package manager now included
  • Lots of bug fixes
Standard Library:
  • Fixed an issue with 2.x/captain.adept on HDPI displays. Solution was back-ported to earlier versions
  • Fixed an issue in 2.4/aabb.adept
  • Added more math definitions in 2.7/cmath.adept
  • Changed 2.7/* to use new typenameof $T expression instead of RTTI when possible
  • Added unix/sys/time.adept
  • Added new helper functions in 2.7/captain.adept
  • Added new method clone(this *<*$P> List) <*$P> List in 2.7/List.adept
  • Added basic JSON parser 2.7/JSON.adept
  • Added more functionality for 2.7/Matrix4f.adept and 2.7/Vector3f.adept
  • Fixed an issue in 2.x/Optional.adept
  • Added stuff to stb/image.adept
  • Added unique pointer type 2.7/Unique.adept
  • Added generic grid data-structure 2.7/Grid.adept
  • Added new user utility functions for 2.7/captain.adept
  • Added native libraries for Mach-O arm64
  • Added experimental WebAssembly target
  • Added new method join(this *<String> List) String to 2.7/parse.adept
  • Added meta variables __arm64__, __x86_64__, and __wasm__
  • Upgraded warning guard in sys/cfloat.adept
Changes in Adept 2.4
  • Added namespaces
  • Added initializer lists
  • Added __as__ management function
  • Added ~> operator
  • Added polycount variables $#N
  • Added static variables
  • Added alternative syntax choices
  • Added better syntax for constant expressions
  • Added ability to have scoped constant expressions
  • Added new way to pass variadic arguments using VariadicArray
  • Added function aliases
  • Added --entry and pragma entry_point
  • Added sizeof(value) expression
  • Reduced size of resulting executable
  • Made switch statement cases less picky
  • Added built-in compile-checks for printf(String, args ...)
  • Added simple unions
  • Added polymorph that matches convertable types $~T of $T
  • Added ability to use ++ and -- on floating point types
  • Changed integer values of unspecified type to collapse to type long instead of int
  • Added #define
  • Added cross-compilation for Windows from MacOS
  • Changed warnings to print code fragments
  • Added --short-warnings and pragma short_warnings to disable code fragments for warnings
  • Added #error and #warning
  • Added -Werror and pragma warn_as_error to treat compiler warnings as errors
  • Added null meta value
  • Added --ignore-unused and pragma ignore_unused to ignore unused variable warnings
  • Added prototype REPL
  • Added exhaustive keyword to force switch statements to account for all values of an enum
  • Added ability to specify default argument values
  • Added .size field to AnyType types
  • Added support for C-style variadic arguments via va_start, va_end, va_arg and va_copy
  • Added __access__ management function
  • Added __stdlib__ dynamic compile-time meta variable
  • Added -std=2.5 and pragma default_stdlib to set default standard library
  • Added import my_component syntax to import from the standard library
  • Improved --version human friendliness
  • Added --ignore-* compiler flags and pragma ignore_ pragma directives
  • Improved compilation performance
  • Improved error and warning message format
  • Cross-Compilation from MacOS to Windows with --windows
  • Fix some bugs
Thank you for sponsoring Adept: ❤️
  • Fernando Dantas
Table of Contents
Clone this wiki locally

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Home · AdeptLanguage/Adept Wiki · GitHub
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Isaac Shelton edited this page Sep 8, 2023
·
71 revisions
Adept Programming Language 2.7
Table of Contents:
Changes in Adept 2.7
Language:
  • Added ability to mark types as no discard using the exhaustive keyword:
    • func getName() exhaustive String = "Not using this return value is a compile-time error"
  • Added ability to mark functions as disallowed using = delete
    • func youCannotCallThisFunction(a, b int) int = delete
    • func youCannotCallThisFunction(a, b int) int = delete { return a + b }
    • Trying to call a disallowed function is a compile-time error.
    • Trying to assign a type regularly that has __assign__ disallowed is a compile-time error.
      • func __assign__(this *UnassignableType, _other POD UnassignableType) = delete
  • Unreachable code paths are no longer required to return a value
  • Added better and consistent constructors, with the new constructor keyword
    struct Rectangle (w, h float) {
constructor(w, h float) {
this.w = w
this.h = h
}
constructor(size float) {
this.__constructor__(size, size)
}
}
func main {
rectangle1 Rectangle(100, 50)
rectangle2 Rectangle = Rectangle(75, 50)
rectangle3 Rectangle
rectangle3.__constructor__(500)
rectangle4 *Rectangle = new Rectangle(640, 480)
defer delete rectangle4
}

    • Constructors automatically generate a constructor function (that has the same name as the type it's for)
    • Constructors come with a companion __constructor__ method, which can be used to call a constructor on any value
    • Constructors can use the new immediate construction syntax: my_value MyType() and new MyType()
    • Zero-initialization is still the default, constructors don't apply to naked definitions, e.g. my_value MyType is zero-initialized and not constructed.
  • Trying to declare __as__ as a method is now a compile-time error (__as__ should be declared as a function)
  • Changed #halt directive to exit the compiler with status code 1 instead of 0
  • Added #done directive to exit the compiler with status code of 0
  • Added #runtime_resource directive, which will create a project-local copy of a file (if one with the same name doesn't already exist)
    • Used to automatically supply runtime resources such as .dll files to new projects that need them
  • Added classes, which are equivalent to structs except that they allow for virtual dispatch and come with a __vtable__ field.
    import basics
class Shape () {
constructor {}
}
func main {
shape *Shape = new Shape()
defer delete shape
print(shape.__vtable__) // Will be non-zero since `value` is constructed and ready for dynamic dispatch
}

    • All classes require a constructor and must be constructed in order to use dynamic dispatch / virtual methods
  • Added virtual methods and virtual dispatch
    import basics
class Shape () {
constructor {}
virtual func getArea() float {
return 0.0f
}
}
class Rectangle extends Shape (w, h float) {
constructor(w, h float) {
this.w = w
this.h = h
}
override func getArea() float {
return this.w * this.h
}
}
func main {
shape *Shape = new Rectangle(100.0f, 50.0f)
defer delete shape
print(shape.getArea())
}

    • Virtual methods can be used alongside existing features such as regular polymorphism, default values, and more
  • Added optional foreign prefix for enums, which disables the requirement to use the EnumName:: prefix to refer to enum variants. This is useful when writing bindings for C libraries, as enum variants are already named to be unambiguous.
    // ...
foreign enum CURLUPart (
CURLUPART_URL,
CURLUPART_SCHEME,
CURLUPART_USER,
CURLUPART_PASSWORD,
CURLUPART_OPTIONS,
CURLUPART_HOST,
CURLUPART_PORT,
CURLUPART_PATH,
CURLUPART_QUERY,
CURLUPART_FRAGMENT,
CURLUPART_ZONEID /* added in 7.65.0 */
)
func main {
// Without `foreign` prefix, we would have to do:
part1 CURLUPart = CURLUPart::CURLUPART_URL
// With `foreign` prefix, we're allowed to do:
part1 CURLUPart = CURLUPART_URL
}

  • Resolved issues with loose polymorphism
    • $T and $~T are no longer equivalent

      • $T and $~T are now only equivalent if at the top level of a type. For example, func add(a, b $T) $T is equivalent to func add(a $T, b $~T) $T, but func add(a, b <$T> Container) <$T> Container is not equivalent to func add(a <$T> Container, b <$~T> Container) <$T> Container.
  • Added new polymorphic prerequisite $T extends MyClass, e.g. func useShape(shape <$T extends Shape> Optional) { ... }
  • Changed __unix__ to now properly be true when compiling for macOS
  • Lots of bugs fixes
Standard Library:
  • Removed outdated lowercase constructors for types in 2.7/ standard library

    • array(items, length) removed in favor of Array(items, length)
    • list(items, length, ownership) removed in favor of List(items, length, ownership)
    • string(null_terminated_string) removed in favor of String(null_terminated_string)
    • captColor(r, g, b, a) removed in favor of CaptColor(r, g, b, a)
    • etc.
    • Outdated programs that use these old constructor names will need to have an earlier version of the standard library specified in order to compile (e.g. with --std=2.6 or pragma default_stdlib '2.6' or have pragma compiler_version '2.6')
  • Some types such as Pair are now records instead of plain structs
  • Trying to use a donor String, List, or Grid value after it has been donated now is now a runtime error (enabled by default)
  • StringOwnership::DONATED has been renamed to StringOwnership::DONOR
  • Added give() method for String, List, and Grid, which is equivalent to commit() with ownership required. Not having ownership to give is a runtime error by default.
  • Added __assign__ for Optional, so that their internal values are not improperly assigned when has is false
Behind the Scenes Changes:
  • Completely rewrote lexer
  • Cleaner compiler code
Changes in Adept 2.6
Language:
  • Added records record Person (firstname, lastname String)
  • Added first class support for [] fixed array syntax
  • Added support for compile-time dynamically sized fixed arrays fixed_array [count] int
  • Pointless __defer__ functions are no longer generated, while also maintaining backwards compatibility
  • Automatic generation for __assign__ functions when applicable
  • Global data now works properly when using WinMain as entry point
  • Added pragma windowed and --windowed options to disable the opening of the command prompt on Windows
  • Added __pod__ and __assign__ polymorphic prerequisites
  • Condition-less blocks
  • Changed $T polymorphs to always allow built-in auto conversions (equivalent to $~T in previous versions)
Standard Library:
  • Added applyDefer(this *<$T> Array) void to 2.7/Array.adept
  • Added buffer-overflow protection in the implementation of parts of the standard library
Changes in Adept 2.5
Language:
  • Removed using namespace
  • Now supports new macOS M1 chip arm64 architecture
  • Added support for anonymous structs/unions
  • Added support for anonymous structs/unions as unnamed fields
  • Added typenameof $T expression
  • Added embed "filename.txt" expression
  • Added ability to rename idx in repeat loops via using my_idx
  • Added null ubyte literal '\0'ub
  • Added support for chained methods as statements - thing1().thing2().thing3()
  • Completed runtime type information for complex composite types
  • Added new transcendent variables __compiler_major__, __compiler_minor__, __compiler_release__, and __compiler_version_name__
  • Changed __compiler_version__ to be a number instead of a string (__compiler_version_name__ now exists for string version)
  • Added alignof Type expression
  • Package manager now included
  • Lots of bug fixes
Standard Library:
  • Fixed an issue with 2.x/captain.adept on HDPI displays. Solution was back-ported to earlier versions
  • Fixed an issue in 2.4/aabb.adept
  • Added more math definitions in 2.7/cmath.adept
  • Changed 2.7/* to use new typenameof $T expression instead of RTTI when possible
  • Added unix/sys/time.adept
  • Added new helper functions in 2.7/captain.adept
  • Added new method clone(this *<*$P> List) <*$P> List in 2.7/List.adept
  • Added basic JSON parser 2.7/JSON.adept
  • Added more functionality for 2.7/Matrix4f.adept and 2.7/Vector3f.adept
  • Fixed an issue in 2.x/Optional.adept
  • Added stuff to stb/image.adept
  • Added unique pointer type 2.7/Unique.adept
  • Added generic grid data-structure 2.7/Grid.adept
  • Added new user utility functions for 2.7/captain.adept
  • Added native libraries for Mach-O arm64
  • Added experimental WebAssembly target
  • Added new method join(this *<String> List) String to 2.7/parse.adept
  • Added meta variables __arm64__, __x86_64__, and __wasm__
  • Upgraded warning guard in sys/cfloat.adept
Changes in Adept 2.4
  • Added namespaces
  • Added initializer lists
  • Added __as__ management function
  • Added ~> operator
  • Added polycount variables $#N
  • Added static variables
  • Added alternative syntax choices
  • Added better syntax for constant expressions
  • Added ability to have scoped constant expressions
  • Added new way to pass variadic arguments using VariadicArray
  • Added function aliases
  • Added --entry and pragma entry_point
  • Added sizeof(value) expression
  • Reduced size of resulting executable
  • Made switch statement cases less picky
  • Added built-in compile-checks for printf(String, args ...)
  • Added simple unions
  • Added polymorph that matches convertable types $~T of $T
  • Added ability to use ++ and -- on floating point types
  • Changed integer values of unspecified type to collapse to type long instead of int
  • Added #define
  • Added cross-compilation for Windows from MacOS
  • Changed warnings to print code fragments
  • Added --short-warnings and pragma short_warnings to disable code fragments for warnings
  • Added #error and #warning
  • Added -Werror and pragma warn_as_error to treat compiler warnings as errors
  • Added null meta value
  • Added --ignore-unused and pragma ignore_unused to ignore unused variable warnings
  • Added prototype REPL
  • Added exhaustive keyword to force switch statements to account for all values of an enum
  • Added ability to specify default argument values
  • Added .size field to AnyType types
  • Added support for C-style variadic arguments via va_start, va_end, va_arg and va_copy
  • Added __access__ management function
  • Added __stdlib__ dynamic compile-time meta variable
  • Added -std=2.5 and pragma default_stdlib to set default standard library
  • Added import my_component syntax to import from the standard library
  • Improved --version human friendliness
  • Added --ignore-* compiler flags and pragma ignore_ pragma directives
  • Improved compilation performance
  • Improved error and warning message format
  • Cross-Compilation from MacOS to Windows with --windows
  • Fix some bugs
Thank you for sponsoring Adept: ❤️
  • Fernando Dantas
Table of Contents
Clone this wiki locally

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try {
var __m = "*";
var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + '
Home · AdeptLanguage/Adept Wiki · GitHub
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Isaac Shelton edited this page Sep 8, 2023
·
71 revisions
Adept Programming Language 2.7
Table of Contents:
Changes in Adept 2.7
Language:
  • Added ability to mark types as no discard using the exhaustive keyword:
    • func getName() exhaustive String = "Not using this return value is a compile-time error"
  • Added ability to mark functions as disallowed using = delete
    • func youCannotCallThisFunction(a, b int) int = delete
    • func youCannotCallThisFunction(a, b int) int = delete { return a + b }
    • Trying to call a disallowed function is a compile-time error.
    • Trying to assign a type regularly that has __assign__ disallowed is a compile-time error.
      • func __assign__(this *UnassignableType, _other POD UnassignableType) = delete
  • Unreachable code paths are no longer required to return a value
  • Added better and consistent constructors, with the new constructor keyword
    struct Rectangle (w, h float) {
constructor(w, h float) {
this.w = w
this.h = h
}
constructor(size float) {
this.__constructor__(size, size)
}
}
func main {
rectangle1 Rectangle(100, 50)
rectangle2 Rectangle = Rectangle(75, 50)
rectangle3 Rectangle
rectangle3.__constructor__(500)
rectangle4 *Rectangle = new Rectangle(640, 480)
defer delete rectangle4
}

    • Constructors automatically generate a constructor function (that has the same name as the type it's for)
    • Constructors come with a companion __constructor__ method, which can be used to call a constructor on any value
    • Constructors can use the new immediate construction syntax: my_value MyType() and new MyType()
    • Zero-initialization is still the default, constructors don't apply to naked definitions, e.g. my_value MyType is zero-initialized and not constructed.
  • Trying to declare __as__ as a method is now a compile-time error (__as__ should be declared as a function)
  • Changed #halt directive to exit the compiler with status code 1 instead of 0
  • Added #done directive to exit the compiler with status code of 0
  • Added #runtime_resource directive, which will create a project-local copy of a file (if one with the same name doesn't already exist)
    • Used to automatically supply runtime resources such as .dll files to new projects that need them
  • Added classes, which are equivalent to structs except that they allow for virtual dispatch and come with a __vtable__ field.
    import basics
class Shape () {
constructor {}
}
func main {
shape *Shape = new Shape()
defer delete shape
print(shape.__vtable__) // Will be non-zero since `value` is constructed and ready for dynamic dispatch
}

    • All classes require a constructor and must be constructed in order to use dynamic dispatch / virtual methods
  • Added virtual methods and virtual dispatch
    import basics
class Shape () {
constructor {}
virtual func getArea() float {
return 0.0f
}
}
class Rectangle extends Shape (w, h float) {
constructor(w, h float) {
this.w = w
this.h = h
}
override func getArea() float {
return this.w * this.h
}
}
func main {
shape *Shape = new Rectangle(100.0f, 50.0f)
defer delete shape
print(shape.getArea())
}

    • Virtual methods can be used alongside existing features such as regular polymorphism, default values, and more
  • Added optional foreign prefix for enums, which disables the requirement to use the EnumName:: prefix to refer to enum variants. This is useful when writing bindings for C libraries, as enum variants are already named to be unambiguous.
    // ...
foreign enum CURLUPart (
CURLUPART_URL,
CURLUPART_SCHEME,
CURLUPART_USER,
CURLUPART_PASSWORD,
CURLUPART_OPTIONS,
CURLUPART_HOST,
CURLUPART_PORT,
CURLUPART_PATH,
CURLUPART_QUERY,
CURLUPART_FRAGMENT,
CURLUPART_ZONEID /* added in 7.65.0 */
)
func main {
// Without `foreign` prefix, we would have to do:
part1 CURLUPart = CURLUPart::CURLUPART_URL
// With `foreign` prefix, we're allowed to do:
part1 CURLUPart = CURLUPART_URL
}

  • Resolved issues with loose polymorphism
    • $T and $~T are no longer equivalent

      • $T and $~T are now only equivalent if at the top level of a type. For example, func add(a, b $T) $T is equivalent to func add(a $T, b $~T) $T, but func add(a, b <$T> Container) <$T> Container is not equivalent to func add(a <$T> Container, b <$~T> Container) <$T> Container.
  • Added new polymorphic prerequisite $T extends MyClass, e.g. func useShape(shape <$T extends Shape> Optional) { ... }
  • Changed __unix__ to now properly be true when compiling for macOS
  • Lots of bugs fixes
Standard Library:
  • Removed outdated lowercase constructors for types in 2.7/ standard library

    • array(items, length) removed in favor of Array(items, length)
    • list(items, length, ownership) removed in favor of List(items, length, ownership)
    • string(null_terminated_string) removed in favor of String(null_terminated_string)
    • captColor(r, g, b, a) removed in favor of CaptColor(r, g, b, a)
    • etc.
    • Outdated programs that use these old constructor names will need to have an earlier version of the standard library specified in order to compile (e.g. with --std=2.6 or pragma default_stdlib '2.6' or have pragma compiler_version '2.6')
  • Some types such as Pair are now records instead of plain structs
  • Trying to use a donor String, List, or Grid value after it has been donated now is now a runtime error (enabled by default)
  • StringOwnership::DONATED has been renamed to StringOwnership::DONOR
  • Added give() method for String, List, and Grid, which is equivalent to commit() with ownership required. Not having ownership to give is a runtime error by default.
  • Added __assign__ for Optional, so that their internal values are not improperly assigned when has is false
Behind the Scenes Changes:
  • Completely rewrote lexer
  • Cleaner compiler code
Changes in Adept 2.6
Language:
  • Added records record Person (firstname, lastname String)
  • Added first class support for [] fixed array syntax
  • Added support for compile-time dynamically sized fixed arrays fixed_array [count] int
  • Pointless __defer__ functions are no longer generated, while also maintaining backwards compatibility
  • Automatic generation for __assign__ functions when applicable
  • Global data now works properly when using WinMain as entry point
  • Added pragma windowed and --windowed options to disable the opening of the command prompt on Windows
  • Added __pod__ and __assign__ polymorphic prerequisites
  • Condition-less blocks
  • Changed $T polymorphs to always allow built-in auto conversions (equivalent to $~T in previous versions)
Standard Library:
  • Added applyDefer(this *<$T> Array) void to 2.7/Array.adept
  • Added buffer-overflow protection in the implementation of parts of the standard library
Changes in Adept 2.5
Language:
  • Removed using namespace
  • Now supports new macOS M1 chip arm64 architecture
  • Added support for anonymous structs/unions
  • Added support for anonymous structs/unions as unnamed fields
  • Added typenameof $T expression
  • Added embed "filename.txt" expression
  • Added ability to rename idx in repeat loops via using my_idx
  • Added null ubyte literal '\0'ub
  • Added support for chained methods as statements - thing1().thing2().thing3()
  • Completed runtime type information for complex composite types
  • Added new transcendent variables __compiler_major__, __compiler_minor__, __compiler_release__, and __compiler_version_name__
  • Changed __compiler_version__ to be a number instead of a string (__compiler_version_name__ now exists for string version)
  • Added alignof Type expression
  • Package manager now included
  • Lots of bug fixes
Standard Library:
  • Fixed an issue with 2.x/captain.adept on HDPI displays. Solution was back-ported to earlier versions
  • Fixed an issue in 2.4/aabb.adept
  • Added more math definitions in 2.7/cmath.adept
  • Changed 2.7/* to use new typenameof $T expression instead of RTTI when possible
  • Added unix/sys/time.adept
  • Added new helper functions in 2.7/captain.adept
  • Added new method clone(this *<*$P> List) <*$P> List in 2.7/List.adept
  • Added basic JSON parser 2.7/JSON.adept
  • Added more functionality for 2.7/Matrix4f.adept and 2.7/Vector3f.adept
  • Fixed an issue in 2.x/Optional.adept
  • Added stuff to stb/image.adept
  • Added unique pointer type 2.7/Unique.adept
  • Added generic grid data-structure 2.7/Grid.adept
  • Added new user utility functions for 2.7/captain.adept
  • Added native libraries for Mach-O arm64
  • Added experimental WebAssembly target
  • Added new method join(this *<String> List) String to 2.7/parse.adept
  • Added meta variables __arm64__, __x86_64__, and __wasm__
  • Upgraded warning guard in sys/cfloat.adept
Changes in Adept 2.4
  • Added namespaces
  • Added initializer lists
  • Added __as__ management function
  • Added ~> operator
  • Added polycount variables $#N
  • Added static variables
  • Added alternative syntax choices
  • Added better syntax for constant expressions
  • Added ability to have scoped constant expressions
  • Added new way to pass variadic arguments using VariadicArray
  • Added function aliases
  • Added --entry and pragma entry_point
  • Added sizeof(value) expression
  • Reduced size of resulting executable
  • Made switch statement cases less picky
  • Added built-in compile-checks for printf(String, args ...)
  • Added simple unions
  • Added polymorph that matches convertable types $~T of $T
  • Added ability to use ++ and -- on floating point types
  • Changed integer values of unspecified type to collapse to type long instead of int
  • Added #define
  • Added cross-compilation for Windows from MacOS
  • Changed warnings to print code fragments
  • Added --short-warnings and pragma short_warnings to disable code fragments for warnings
  • Added #error and #warning
  • Added -Werror and pragma warn_as_error to treat compiler warnings as errors
  • Added null meta value
  • Added --ignore-unused and pragma ignore_unused to ignore unused variable warnings
  • Added prototype REPL
  • Added exhaustive keyword to force switch statements to account for all values of an enum
  • Added ability to specify default argument values
  • Added .size field to AnyType types
  • Added support for C-style variadic arguments via va_start, va_end, va_arg and va_copy
  • Added __access__ management function
  • Added __stdlib__ dynamic compile-time meta variable
  • Added -std=2.5 and pragma default_stdlib to set default standard library
  • Added import my_component syntax to import from the standard library
  • Improved --version human friendliness
  • Added --ignore-* compiler flags and pragma ignore_ pragma directives
  • Improved compilation performance
  • Improved error and warning message format
  • Cross-Compilation from MacOS to Windows with --windows
  • Fix some bugs
Thank you for sponsoring Adept: ❤️
  • Fernando Dantas
Table of Contents
Clone this wiki locally

, 'i');
if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) {
// Strip utm_, fbclid, gclid, etc. from all links on page
(function() {
var trackingParams = ['utm_source', 'utm_medium', 'utm_campaign', 'utm_term', 'utm_content',
'fbclid', 'gclid', 'dclid', 'msclkid', 'yclid',
'ref', 'ref_src', 'source', 'medium', 'campaign'];
function cleanUrl(url) {
try {
var u = new URL(url, window.location.origin);
var changed = false;
trackingParams.forEach(function(p) {
if (u.searchParams.has(p)) {
u.searchParams.delete(p);
changed = true;
}
});
return changed ? u.toString() : url;
} catch (e) {
return url;
}
}
function cleanLinks() {
document.querySelectorAll('a[href]').forEach(function(a) {
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if (clean !== a.href) a.href = clean;
});
}
cleanLinks();
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var clean = cleanUrl(a.href);
if (clean !== a.href) a.href = clean;
});
}
});
});
});
observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true });
})();
}
} catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Remove Tracking Parameters from Links]', __e); }
})();
(function(){
try {
var __m = "youtube.com";
var __re = new RegExp('^' + "youtube\\.com" + '
Home · AdeptLanguage/Adept Wiki · GitHub
Skip to content
Home
Jump to bottom

Isaac Shelton edited this page Sep 8, 2023
·
71 revisions
Adept Programming Language 2.7
Table of Contents:
Changes in Adept 2.7
Language:
  • Added ability to mark types as no discard using the exhaustive keyword:
    • func getName() exhaustive String = "Not using this return value is a compile-time error"
  • Added ability to mark functions as disallowed using = delete
    • func youCannotCallThisFunction(a, b int) int = delete
    • func youCannotCallThisFunction(a, b int) int = delete { return a + b }
    • Trying to call a disallowed function is a compile-time error.
    • Trying to assign a type regularly that has __assign__ disallowed is a compile-time error.
      • func __assign__(this *UnassignableType, _other POD UnassignableType) = delete
  • Unreachable code paths are no longer required to return a value
  • Added better and consistent constructors, with the new constructor keyword
    struct Rectangle (w, h float) {
constructor(w, h float) {
this.w = w
this.h = h
}
constructor(size float) {
this.__constructor__(size, size)
}
}
func main {
rectangle1 Rectangle(100, 50)
rectangle2 Rectangle = Rectangle(75, 50)
rectangle3 Rectangle
rectangle3.__constructor__(500)
rectangle4 *Rectangle = new Rectangle(640, 480)
defer delete rectangle4
}

    • Constructors automatically generate a constructor function (that has the same name as the type it's for)
    • Constructors come with a companion __constructor__ method, which can be used to call a constructor on any value
    • Constructors can use the new immediate construction syntax: my_value MyType() and new MyType()
    • Zero-initialization is still the default, constructors don't apply to naked definitions, e.g. my_value MyType is zero-initialized and not constructed.
  • Trying to declare __as__ as a method is now a compile-time error (__as__ should be declared as a function)
  • Changed #halt directive to exit the compiler with status code 1 instead of 0
  • Added #done directive to exit the compiler with status code of 0
  • Added #runtime_resource directive, which will create a project-local copy of a file (if one with the same name doesn't already exist)
    • Used to automatically supply runtime resources such as .dll files to new projects that need them
  • Added classes, which are equivalent to structs except that they allow for virtual dispatch and come with a __vtable__ field.
    import basics
class Shape () {
constructor {}
}
func main {
shape *Shape = new Shape()
defer delete shape
print(shape.__vtable__) // Will be non-zero since `value` is constructed and ready for dynamic dispatch
}

    • All classes require a constructor and must be constructed in order to use dynamic dispatch / virtual methods
  • Added virtual methods and virtual dispatch
    import basics
class Shape () {
constructor {}
virtual func getArea() float {
return 0.0f
}
}
class Rectangle extends Shape (w, h float) {
constructor(w, h float) {
this.w = w
this.h = h
}
override func getArea() float {
return this.w * this.h
}
}
func main {
shape *Shape = new Rectangle(100.0f, 50.0f)
defer delete shape
print(shape.getArea())
}

    • Virtual methods can be used alongside existing features such as regular polymorphism, default values, and more
  • Added optional foreign prefix for enums, which disables the requirement to use the EnumName:: prefix to refer to enum variants. This is useful when writing bindings for C libraries, as enum variants are already named to be unambiguous.
    // ...
foreign enum CURLUPart (
CURLUPART_URL,
CURLUPART_SCHEME,
CURLUPART_USER,
CURLUPART_PASSWORD,
CURLUPART_OPTIONS,
CURLUPART_HOST,
CURLUPART_PORT,
CURLUPART_PATH,
CURLUPART_QUERY,
CURLUPART_FRAGMENT,
CURLUPART_ZONEID /* added in 7.65.0 */
)
func main {
// Without `foreign` prefix, we would have to do:
part1 CURLUPart = CURLUPart::CURLUPART_URL
// With `foreign` prefix, we're allowed to do:
part1 CURLUPart = CURLUPART_URL
}

  • Resolved issues with loose polymorphism
    • $T and $~T are no longer equivalent

      • $T and $~T are now only equivalent if at the top level of a type. For example, func add(a, b $T) $T is equivalent to func add(a $T, b $~T) $T, but func add(a, b <$T> Container) <$T> Container is not equivalent to func add(a <$T> Container, b <$~T> Container) <$T> Container.
  • Added new polymorphic prerequisite $T extends MyClass, e.g. func useShape(shape <$T extends Shape> Optional) { ... }
  • Changed __unix__ to now properly be true when compiling for macOS
  • Lots of bugs fixes
Standard Library:
  • Removed outdated lowercase constructors for types in 2.7/ standard library

    • array(items, length) removed in favor of Array(items, length)
    • list(items, length, ownership) removed in favor of List(items, length, ownership)
    • string(null_terminated_string) removed in favor of String(null_terminated_string)
    • captColor(r, g, b, a) removed in favor of CaptColor(r, g, b, a)
    • etc.
    • Outdated programs that use these old constructor names will need to have an earlier version of the standard library specified in order to compile (e.g. with --std=2.6 or pragma default_stdlib '2.6' or have pragma compiler_version '2.6')
  • Some types such as Pair are now records instead of plain structs
  • Trying to use a donor String, List, or Grid value after it has been donated now is now a runtime error (enabled by default)
  • StringOwnership::DONATED has been renamed to StringOwnership::DONOR
  • Added give() method for String, List, and Grid, which is equivalent to commit() with ownership required. Not having ownership to give is a runtime error by default.
  • Added __assign__ for Optional, so that their internal values are not improperly assigned when has is false
Behind the Scenes Changes:
  • Completely rewrote lexer
  • Cleaner compiler code
Changes in Adept 2.6
Language:
  • Added records record Person (firstname, lastname String)
  • Added first class support for [] fixed array syntax
  • Added support for compile-time dynamically sized fixed arrays fixed_array [count] int
  • Pointless __defer__ functions are no longer generated, while also maintaining backwards compatibility
  • Automatic generation for __assign__ functions when applicable
  • Global data now works properly when using WinMain as entry point
  • Added pragma windowed and --windowed options to disable the opening of the command prompt on Windows
  • Added __pod__ and __assign__ polymorphic prerequisites
  • Condition-less blocks
  • Changed $T polymorphs to always allow built-in auto conversions (equivalent to $~T in previous versions)
Standard Library:
  • Added applyDefer(this *<$T> Array) void to 2.7/Array.adept
  • Added buffer-overflow protection in the implementation of parts of the standard library
Changes in Adept 2.5
Language:
  • Removed using namespace
  • Now supports new macOS M1 chip arm64 architecture
  • Added support for anonymous structs/unions
  • Added support for anonymous structs/unions as unnamed fields
  • Added typenameof $T expression
  • Added embed "filename.txt" expression
  • Added ability to rename idx in repeat loops via using my_idx
  • Added null ubyte literal '\0'ub
  • Added support for chained methods as statements - thing1().thing2().thing3()
  • Completed runtime type information for complex composite types
  • Added new transcendent variables __compiler_major__, __compiler_minor__, __compiler_release__, and __compiler_version_name__
  • Changed __compiler_version__ to be a number instead of a string (__compiler_version_name__ now exists for string version)
  • Added alignof Type expression
  • Package manager now included
  • Lots of bug fixes
Standard Library:
  • Fixed an issue with 2.x/captain.adept on HDPI displays. Solution was back-ported to earlier versions
  • Fixed an issue in 2.4/aabb.adept
  • Added more math definitions in 2.7/cmath.adept
  • Changed 2.7/* to use new typenameof $T expression instead of RTTI when possible
  • Added unix/sys/time.adept
  • Added new helper functions in 2.7/captain.adept
  • Added new method clone(this *<*$P> List) <*$P> List in 2.7/List.adept
  • Added basic JSON parser 2.7/JSON.adept
  • Added more functionality for 2.7/Matrix4f.adept and 2.7/Vector3f.adept
  • Fixed an issue in 2.x/Optional.adept
  • Added stuff to stb/image.adept
  • Added unique pointer type 2.7/Unique.adept
  • Added generic grid data-structure 2.7/Grid.adept
  • Added new user utility functions for 2.7/captain.adept
  • Added native libraries for Mach-O arm64
  • Added experimental WebAssembly target
  • Added new method join(this *<String> List) String to 2.7/parse.adept
  • Added meta variables __arm64__, __x86_64__, and __wasm__
  • Upgraded warning guard in sys/cfloat.adept
Changes in Adept 2.4
  • Added namespaces
  • Added initializer lists
  • Added __as__ management function
  • Added ~> operator
  • Added polycount variables $#N
  • Added static variables
  • Added alternative syntax choices
  • Added better syntax for constant expressions
  • Added ability to have scoped constant expressions
  • Added new way to pass variadic arguments using VariadicArray
  • Added function aliases
  • Added --entry and pragma entry_point
  • Added sizeof(value) expression
  • Reduced size of resulting executable
  • Made switch statement cases less picky
  • Added built-in compile-checks for printf(String, args ...)
  • Added simple unions
  • Added polymorph that matches convertable types $~T of $T
  • Added ability to use ++ and -- on floating point types
  • Changed integer values of unspecified type to collapse to type long instead of int
  • Added #define
  • Added cross-compilation for Windows from MacOS
  • Changed warnings to print code fragments
  • Added --short-warnings and pragma short_warnings to disable code fragments for warnings
  • Added #error and #warning
  • Added -Werror and pragma warn_as_error to treat compiler warnings as errors
  • Added null meta value
  • Added --ignore-unused and pragma ignore_unused to ignore unused variable warnings
  • Added prototype REPL
  • Added exhaustive keyword to force switch statements to account for all values of an enum
  • Added ability to specify default argument values
  • Added .size field to AnyType types
  • Added support for C-style variadic arguments via va_start, va_end, va_arg and va_copy
  • Added __access__ management function
  • Added __stdlib__ dynamic compile-time meta variable
  • Added -std=2.5 and pragma default_stdlib to set default standard library
  • Added import my_component syntax to import from the standard library
  • Improved --version human friendliness
  • Added --ignore-* compiler flags and pragma ignore_ pragma directives
  • Improved compilation performance
  • Improved error and warning message format
  • Cross-Compilation from MacOS to Windows with --windows
  • Fix some bugs
Thank you for sponsoring Adept: ❤️
  • Fernando Dantas
Table of Contents
Clone this wiki locally

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Home · AdeptLanguage/Adept Wiki · GitHub
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Isaac Shelton edited this page Sep 8, 2023
·
71 revisions
Adept Programming Language 2.7
Table of Contents:
Changes in Adept 2.7
Language:
  • Added ability to mark types as no discard using the exhaustive keyword:
    • func getName() exhaustive String = "Not using this return value is a compile-time error"
  • Added ability to mark functions as disallowed using = delete
    • func youCannotCallThisFunction(a, b int) int = delete
    • func youCannotCallThisFunction(a, b int) int = delete { return a + b }
    • Trying to call a disallowed function is a compile-time error.
    • Trying to assign a type regularly that has __assign__ disallowed is a compile-time error.
      • func __assign__(this *UnassignableType, _other POD UnassignableType) = delete
  • Unreachable code paths are no longer required to return a value
  • Added better and consistent constructors, with the new constructor keyword
    struct Rectangle (w, h float) {
constructor(w, h float) {
this.w = w
this.h = h
}
constructor(size float) {
this.__constructor__(size, size)
}
}
func main {
rectangle1 Rectangle(100, 50)
rectangle2 Rectangle = Rectangle(75, 50)
rectangle3 Rectangle
rectangle3.__constructor__(500)
rectangle4 *Rectangle = new Rectangle(640, 480)
defer delete rectangle4
}

    • Constructors automatically generate a constructor function (that has the same name as the type it's for)
    • Constructors come with a companion __constructor__ method, which can be used to call a constructor on any value
    • Constructors can use the new immediate construction syntax: my_value MyType() and new MyType()
    • Zero-initialization is still the default, constructors don't apply to naked definitions, e.g. my_value MyType is zero-initialized and not constructed.
  • Trying to declare __as__ as a method is now a compile-time error (__as__ should be declared as a function)
  • Changed #halt directive to exit the compiler with status code 1 instead of 0
  • Added #done directive to exit the compiler with status code of 0
  • Added #runtime_resource directive, which will create a project-local copy of a file (if one with the same name doesn't already exist)
    • Used to automatically supply runtime resources such as .dll files to new projects that need them
  • Added classes, which are equivalent to structs except that they allow for virtual dispatch and come with a __vtable__ field.
    import basics
class Shape () {
constructor {}
}
func main {
shape *Shape = new Shape()
defer delete shape
print(shape.__vtable__) // Will be non-zero since `value` is constructed and ready for dynamic dispatch
}

    • All classes require a constructor and must be constructed in order to use dynamic dispatch / virtual methods
  • Added virtual methods and virtual dispatch
    import basics
class Shape () {
constructor {}
virtual func getArea() float {
return 0.0f
}
}
class Rectangle extends Shape (w, h float) {
constructor(w, h float) {
this.w = w
this.h = h
}
override func getArea() float {
return this.w * this.h
}
}
func main {
shape *Shape = new Rectangle(100.0f, 50.0f)
defer delete shape
print(shape.getArea())
}

    • Virtual methods can be used alongside existing features such as regular polymorphism, default values, and more
  • Added optional foreign prefix for enums, which disables the requirement to use the EnumName:: prefix to refer to enum variants. This is useful when writing bindings for C libraries, as enum variants are already named to be unambiguous.
    // ...
foreign enum CURLUPart (
CURLUPART_URL,
CURLUPART_SCHEME,
CURLUPART_USER,
CURLUPART_PASSWORD,
CURLUPART_OPTIONS,
CURLUPART_HOST,
CURLUPART_PORT,
CURLUPART_PATH,
CURLUPART_QUERY,
CURLUPART_FRAGMENT,
CURLUPART_ZONEID /* added in 7.65.0 */
)
func main {
// Without `foreign` prefix, we would have to do:
part1 CURLUPart = CURLUPart::CURLUPART_URL
// With `foreign` prefix, we're allowed to do:
part1 CURLUPart = CURLUPART_URL
}

  • Resolved issues with loose polymorphism
    • $T and $~T are no longer equivalent

      • $T and $~T are now only equivalent if at the top level of a type. For example, func add(a, b $T) $T is equivalent to func add(a $T, b $~T) $T, but func add(a, b <$T> Container) <$T> Container is not equivalent to func add(a <$T> Container, b <$~T> Container) <$T> Container.
  • Added new polymorphic prerequisite $T extends MyClass, e.g. func useShape(shape <$T extends Shape> Optional) { ... }
  • Changed __unix__ to now properly be true when compiling for macOS
  • Lots of bugs fixes
Standard Library:
  • Removed outdated lowercase constructors for types in 2.7/ standard library

    • array(items, length) removed in favor of Array(items, length)
    • list(items, length, ownership) removed in favor of List(items, length, ownership)
    • string(null_terminated_string) removed in favor of String(null_terminated_string)
    • captColor(r, g, b, a) removed in favor of CaptColor(r, g, b, a)
    • etc.
    • Outdated programs that use these old constructor names will need to have an earlier version of the standard library specified in order to compile (e.g. with --std=2.6 or pragma default_stdlib '2.6' or have pragma compiler_version '2.6')
  • Some types such as Pair are now records instead of plain structs
  • Trying to use a donor String, List, or Grid value after it has been donated now is now a runtime error (enabled by default)
  • StringOwnership::DONATED has been renamed to StringOwnership::DONOR
  • Added give() method for String, List, and Grid, which is equivalent to commit() with ownership required. Not having ownership to give is a runtime error by default.
  • Added __assign__ for Optional, so that their internal values are not improperly assigned when has is false
Behind the Scenes Changes:
  • Completely rewrote lexer
  • Cleaner compiler code
Changes in Adept 2.6
Language:
  • Added records record Person (firstname, lastname String)
  • Added first class support for [] fixed array syntax
  • Added support for compile-time dynamically sized fixed arrays fixed_array [count] int
  • Pointless __defer__ functions are no longer generated, while also maintaining backwards compatibility
  • Automatic generation for __assign__ functions when applicable
  • Global data now works properly when using WinMain as entry point
  • Added pragma windowed and --windowed options to disable the opening of the command prompt on Windows
  • Added __pod__ and __assign__ polymorphic prerequisites
  • Condition-less blocks
  • Changed $T polymorphs to always allow built-in auto conversions (equivalent to $~T in previous versions)
Standard Library:
  • Added applyDefer(this *<$T> Array) void to 2.7/Array.adept
  • Added buffer-overflow protection in the implementation of parts of the standard library
Changes in Adept 2.5
Language:
  • Removed using namespace
  • Now supports new macOS M1 chip arm64 architecture
  • Added support for anonymous structs/unions
  • Added support for anonymous structs/unions as unnamed fields
  • Added typenameof $T expression
  • Added embed "filename.txt" expression
  • Added ability to rename idx in repeat loops via using my_idx
  • Added null ubyte literal '\0'ub
  • Added support for chained methods as statements - thing1().thing2().thing3()
  • Completed runtime type information for complex composite types
  • Added new transcendent variables __compiler_major__, __compiler_minor__, __compiler_release__, and __compiler_version_name__
  • Changed __compiler_version__ to be a number instead of a string (__compiler_version_name__ now exists for string version)
  • Added alignof Type expression
  • Package manager now included
  • Lots of bug fixes
Standard Library:
  • Fixed an issue with 2.x/captain.adept on HDPI displays. Solution was back-ported to earlier versions
  • Fixed an issue in 2.4/aabb.adept
  • Added more math definitions in 2.7/cmath.adept
  • Changed 2.7/* to use new typenameof $T expression instead of RTTI when possible
  • Added unix/sys/time.adept
  • Added new helper functions in 2.7/captain.adept
  • Added new method clone(this *<*$P> List) <*$P> List in 2.7/List.adept
  • Added basic JSON parser 2.7/JSON.adept
  • Added more functionality for 2.7/Matrix4f.adept and 2.7/Vector3f.adept
  • Fixed an issue in 2.x/Optional.adept
  • Added stuff to stb/image.adept
  • Added unique pointer type 2.7/Unique.adept
  • Added generic grid data-structure 2.7/Grid.adept
  • Added new user utility functions for 2.7/captain.adept
  • Added native libraries for Mach-O arm64
  • Added experimental WebAssembly target
  • Added new method join(this *<String> List) String to 2.7/parse.adept
  • Added meta variables __arm64__, __x86_64__, and __wasm__
  • Upgraded warning guard in sys/cfloat.adept
Changes in Adept 2.4
  • Added namespaces
  • Added initializer lists
  • Added __as__ management function
  • Added ~> operator
  • Added polycount variables $#N
  • Added static variables
  • Added alternative syntax choices
  • Added better syntax for constant expressions
  • Added ability to have scoped constant expressions
  • Added new way to pass variadic arguments using VariadicArray
  • Added function aliases
  • Added --entry and pragma entry_point
  • Added sizeof(value) expression
  • Reduced size of resulting executable
  • Made switch statement cases less picky
  • Added built-in compile-checks for printf(String, args ...)
  • Added simple unions
  • Added polymorph that matches convertable types $~T of $T
  • Added ability to use ++ and -- on floating point types
  • Changed integer values of unspecified type to collapse to type long instead of int
  • Added #define
  • Added cross-compilation for Windows from MacOS
  • Changed warnings to print code fragments
  • Added --short-warnings and pragma short_warnings to disable code fragments for warnings
  • Added #error and #warning
  • Added -Werror and pragma warn_as_error to treat compiler warnings as errors
  • Added null meta value
  • Added --ignore-unused and pragma ignore_unused to ignore unused variable warnings
  • Added prototype REPL
  • Added exhaustive keyword to force switch statements to account for all values of an enum
  • Added ability to specify default argument values
  • Added .size field to AnyType types
  • Added support for C-style variadic arguments via va_start, va_end, va_arg and va_copy
  • Added __access__ management function
  • Added __stdlib__ dynamic compile-time meta variable
  • Added -std=2.5 and pragma default_stdlib to set default standard library
  • Added import my_component syntax to import from the standard library
  • Improved --version human friendliness
  • Added --ignore-* compiler flags and pragma ignore_ pragma directives
  • Improved compilation performance
  • Improved error and warning message format
  • Cross-Compilation from MacOS to Windows with --windows
  • Fix some bugs
Thank you for sponsoring Adept: ❤️
  • Fernando Dantas
Table of Contents
Clone this wiki locally

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Home · AdeptLanguage/Adept Wiki · GitHub
Skip to content
Home
Jump to bottom

Isaac Shelton edited this page Sep 8, 2023
·
71 revisions
Adept Programming Language 2.7
Table of Contents:
Changes in Adept 2.7
Language:
  • Added ability to mark types as no discard using the exhaustive keyword:
    • func getName() exhaustive String = "Not using this return value is a compile-time error"
  • Added ability to mark functions as disallowed using = delete
    • func youCannotCallThisFunction(a, b int) int = delete
    • func youCannotCallThisFunction(a, b int) int = delete { return a + b }
    • Trying to call a disallowed function is a compile-time error.
    • Trying to assign a type regularly that has __assign__ disallowed is a compile-time error.
      • func __assign__(this *UnassignableType, _other POD UnassignableType) = delete
  • Unreachable code paths are no longer required to return a value
  • Added better and consistent constructors, with the new constructor keyword
    struct Rectangle (w, h float) {
constructor(w, h float) {
this.w = w
this.h = h
}
constructor(size float) {
this.__constructor__(size, size)
}
}
func main {
rectangle1 Rectangle(100, 50)
rectangle2 Rectangle = Rectangle(75, 50)
rectangle3 Rectangle
rectangle3.__constructor__(500)
rectangle4 *Rectangle = new Rectangle(640, 480)
defer delete rectangle4
}

    • Constructors automatically generate a constructor function (that has the same name as the type it's for)
    • Constructors come with a companion __constructor__ method, which can be used to call a constructor on any value
    • Constructors can use the new immediate construction syntax: my_value MyType() and new MyType()
    • Zero-initialization is still the default, constructors don't apply to naked definitions, e.g. my_value MyType is zero-initialized and not constructed.
  • Trying to declare __as__ as a method is now a compile-time error (__as__ should be declared as a function)
  • Changed #halt directive to exit the compiler with status code 1 instead of 0
  • Added #done directive to exit the compiler with status code of 0
  • Added #runtime_resource directive, which will create a project-local copy of a file (if one with the same name doesn't already exist)
    • Used to automatically supply runtime resources such as .dll files to new projects that need them
  • Added classes, which are equivalent to structs except that they allow for virtual dispatch and come with a __vtable__ field.
    import basics
class Shape () {
constructor {}
}
func main {
shape *Shape = new Shape()
defer delete shape
print(shape.__vtable__) // Will be non-zero since `value` is constructed and ready for dynamic dispatch
}

    • All classes require a constructor and must be constructed in order to use dynamic dispatch / virtual methods
  • Added virtual methods and virtual dispatch
    import basics
class Shape () {
constructor {}
virtual func getArea() float {
return 0.0f
}
}
class Rectangle extends Shape (w, h float) {
constructor(w, h float) {
this.w = w
this.h = h
}
override func getArea() float {
return this.w * this.h
}
}
func main {
shape *Shape = new Rectangle(100.0f, 50.0f)
defer delete shape
print(shape.getArea())
}

    • Virtual methods can be used alongside existing features such as regular polymorphism, default values, and more
  • Added optional foreign prefix for enums, which disables the requirement to use the EnumName:: prefix to refer to enum variants. This is useful when writing bindings for C libraries, as enum variants are already named to be unambiguous.
    // ...
foreign enum CURLUPart (
CURLUPART_URL,
CURLUPART_SCHEME,
CURLUPART_USER,
CURLUPART_PASSWORD,
CURLUPART_OPTIONS,
CURLUPART_HOST,
CURLUPART_PORT,
CURLUPART_PATH,
CURLUPART_QUERY,
CURLUPART_FRAGMENT,
CURLUPART_ZONEID /* added in 7.65.0 */
)
func main {
// Without `foreign` prefix, we would have to do:
part1 CURLUPart = CURLUPart::CURLUPART_URL
// With `foreign` prefix, we're allowed to do:
part1 CURLUPart = CURLUPART_URL
}

  • Resolved issues with loose polymorphism
    • $T and $~T are no longer equivalent

      • $T and $~T are now only equivalent if at the top level of a type. For example, func add(a, b $T) $T is equivalent to func add(a $T, b $~T) $T, but func add(a, b <$T> Container) <$T> Container is not equivalent to func add(a <$T> Container, b <$~T> Container) <$T> Container.
  • Added new polymorphic prerequisite $T extends MyClass, e.g. func useShape(shape <$T extends Shape> Optional) { ... }
  • Changed __unix__ to now properly be true when compiling for macOS
  • Lots of bugs fixes
Standard Library:
  • Removed outdated lowercase constructors for types in 2.7/ standard library

    • array(items, length) removed in favor of Array(items, length)
    • list(items, length, ownership) removed in favor of List(items, length, ownership)
    • string(null_terminated_string) removed in favor of String(null_terminated_string)
    • captColor(r, g, b, a) removed in favor of CaptColor(r, g, b, a)
    • etc.
    • Outdated programs that use these old constructor names will need to have an earlier version of the standard library specified in order to compile (e.g. with --std=2.6 or pragma default_stdlib '2.6' or have pragma compiler_version '2.6')
  • Some types such as Pair are now records instead of plain structs
  • Trying to use a donor String, List, or Grid value after it has been donated now is now a runtime error (enabled by default)
  • StringOwnership::DONATED has been renamed to StringOwnership::DONOR
  • Added give() method for String, List, and Grid, which is equivalent to commit() with ownership required. Not having ownership to give is a runtime error by default.
  • Added __assign__ for Optional, so that their internal values are not improperly assigned when has is false
Behind the Scenes Changes:
  • Completely rewrote lexer
  • Cleaner compiler code
Changes in Adept 2.6
Language:
  • Added records record Person (firstname, lastname String)
  • Added first class support for [] fixed array syntax
  • Added support for compile-time dynamically sized fixed arrays fixed_array [count] int
  • Pointless __defer__ functions are no longer generated, while also maintaining backwards compatibility
  • Automatic generation for __assign__ functions when applicable
  • Global data now works properly when using WinMain as entry point
  • Added pragma windowed and --windowed options to disable the opening of the command prompt on Windows
  • Added __pod__ and __assign__ polymorphic prerequisites
  • Condition-less blocks
  • Changed $T polymorphs to always allow built-in auto conversions (equivalent to $~T in previous versions)
Standard Library:
  • Added applyDefer(this *<$T> Array) void to 2.7/Array.adept
  • Added buffer-overflow protection in the implementation of parts of the standard library
Changes in Adept 2.5
Language:
  • Removed using namespace
  • Now supports new macOS M1 chip arm64 architecture
  • Added support for anonymous structs/unions
  • Added support for anonymous structs/unions as unnamed fields
  • Added typenameof $T expression
  • Added embed "filename.txt" expression
  • Added ability to rename idx in repeat loops via using my_idx
  • Added null ubyte literal '\0'ub
  • Added support for chained methods as statements - thing1().thing2().thing3()
  • Completed runtime type information for complex composite types
  • Added new transcendent variables __compiler_major__, __compiler_minor__, __compiler_release__, and __compiler_version_name__
  • Changed __compiler_version__ to be a number instead of a string (__compiler_version_name__ now exists for string version)
  • Added alignof Type expression
  • Package manager now included
  • Lots of bug fixes
Standard Library:
  • Fixed an issue with 2.x/captain.adept on HDPI displays. Solution was back-ported to earlier versions
  • Fixed an issue in 2.4/aabb.adept
  • Added more math definitions in 2.7/cmath.adept
  • Changed 2.7/* to use new typenameof $T expression instead of RTTI when possible
  • Added unix/sys/time.adept
  • Added new helper functions in 2.7/captain.adept
  • Added new method clone(this *<*$P> List) <*$P> List in 2.7/List.adept
  • Added basic JSON parser 2.7/JSON.adept
  • Added more functionality for 2.7/Matrix4f.adept and 2.7/Vector3f.adept
  • Fixed an issue in 2.x/Optional.adept
  • Added stuff to stb/image.adept
  • Added unique pointer type 2.7/Unique.adept
  • Added generic grid data-structure 2.7/Grid.adept
  • Added new user utility functions for 2.7/captain.adept
  • Added native libraries for Mach-O arm64
  • Added experimental WebAssembly target
  • Added new method join(this *<String> List) String to 2.7/parse.adept
  • Added meta variables __arm64__, __x86_64__, and __wasm__
  • Upgraded warning guard in sys/cfloat.adept
Changes in Adept 2.4
  • Added namespaces
  • Added initializer lists
  • Added __as__ management function
  • Added ~> operator
  • Added polycount variables $#N
  • Added static variables
  • Added alternative syntax choices
  • Added better syntax for constant expressions
  • Added ability to have scoped constant expressions
  • Added new way to pass variadic arguments using VariadicArray
  • Added function aliases
  • Added --entry and pragma entry_point
  • Added sizeof(value) expression
  • Reduced size of resulting executable
  • Made switch statement cases less picky
  • Added built-in compile-checks for printf(String, args ...)
  • Added simple unions
  • Added polymorph that matches convertable types $~T of $T
  • Added ability to use ++ and -- on floating point types
  • Changed integer values of unspecified type to collapse to type long instead of int
  • Added #define
  • Added cross-compilation for Windows from MacOS
  • Changed warnings to print code fragments
  • Added --short-warnings and pragma short_warnings to disable code fragments for warnings
  • Added #error and #warning
  • Added -Werror and pragma warn_as_error to treat compiler warnings as errors
  • Added null meta value
  • Added --ignore-unused and pragma ignore_unused to ignore unused variable warnings
  • Added prototype REPL
  • Added exhaustive keyword to force switch statements to account for all values of an enum
  • Added ability to specify default argument values
  • Added .size field to AnyType types
  • Added support for C-style variadic arguments via va_start, va_end, va_arg and va_copy
  • Added __access__ management function
  • Added __stdlib__ dynamic compile-time meta variable
  • Added -std=2.5 and pragma default_stdlib to set default standard library
  • Added import my_component syntax to import from the standard library
  • Improved --version human friendliness
  • Added --ignore-* compiler flags and pragma ignore_ pragma directives
  • Improved compilation performance
  • Improved error and warning message format
  • Cross-Compilation from MacOS to Windows with --windows
  • Fix some bugs
Thank you for sponsoring Adept: ❤️
  • Fernando Dantas
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