[core] Forward-port: preserve event-log order in hook-vs-sleep replay races (#2171)

[VaguelySerious]

Forward-port of #2171 from `stable` to `main` (cherry-pick of merge commit `38c67a7`, applied with no conflicts).

Summary

Fixes a replay divergence where a buffered hook payload races a concurrent `sleep`, and `sleep` can win a `Promise.race` that the committed event log says the hook won — surfacing as `CorruptedEventLogError` on replay.

Branch-deciding deliveries (buffered hook payloads and wait completions) are now handed to the workflow in strict event-log order — anchored on event position rather than microtask-resolution timing — so the committed branch wins deterministically, independent of decryption/hydration time or `Promise.race` argument order.

See #2171 for full root-cause analysis and fix details.

Validation

• Cherry-picked the squashed merge commit onto `main`; clean auto-merge, diff identical to the original PR.
• `@workflow/core` typecheck: clean.
• Affected tests (hook-sleep-interaction, async-deserialization-ordering, sleep, step): 87/87 pass.
• Remaining `e2e/` failures in the full suite are pre-existing on clean `main` (require a full build setup) and unrelated to these runtime changes.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 noreply@anthropic.com

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 63a12a8

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production	1264	2	219	1485
✅ 💻 Local Development	1671	0	219	1890
✅ 📦 Local Production	1671	0	219	1890
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1671	0	219	1890
✅ 🪟 Windows	135	0	0	135
✅ 📋 Other	769	0	176	945
Total	7181	2	1052	8235

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (2 failed)

hono (1 failed):

• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KSYP28WNWYSMQBHT1E6R1PBM | 🔍 observability

nuxt (1 failed):

• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KSYP28WNWYSMQBHT1E6R1PBM | 🔍 observability

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	109	0	26
✅ example	109	0	26
✅ express	109	0	26
✅ fastify	109	0	26
❌ hono	108	1	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	133	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	133	0	2
✅ nitro	109	0	26
❌ nuxt	108	1	26
✅ sveltekit	128	0	7
✅ vite	109	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	110	0	25
✅ express-stable	110	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	110	0	25
✅ hono-stable	110	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	110	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	110	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	129	0	6
✅ vite-stable	110	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	110	0	25
✅ express-stable	110	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	110	0	25
✅ hono-stable	110	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	110	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	110	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	129	0	6
✅ vite-stable	110	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	110	0	25
✅ express-stable	110	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	110	0	25
✅ hono-stable	110	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	110	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	110	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	129	0	6
✅ vite-stable	110	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	135	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	110	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	109	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: failure
• Local Dev: success
• Local Prod: success
• Local Postgres: success
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.040s (-6.3% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.965s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.043s (-2.9%)	1.006s (~)	0.963s	10	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.053s (-9.3% 🟢)	1.010s (~)	0.957s	10	1.30x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.058s	1.005s	0.947s	10	1.43x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.063s (-33.6% 🟢)	1.013s (-2.9%)	0.950s	10	1.56x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.068s	1.012s	0.944s	10	1.69x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.299s (+26.9% 🔺)	2.326s (+8.9% 🔺)	2.027s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.301s (+19.5% 🔺)	2.352s (+0.8%)	2.052s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.095s (-3.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.911s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.101s (-2.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.905s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.105s (-3.0%)	2.010s (~)	0.905s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.107s (-3.5%)	2.009s (~)	0.903s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.132s	2.006s	0.874s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.139s	2.010s	0.871s	10	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.725s (-8.0% 🟢)	6.340s (+66.5% 🔺)	4.615s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.754s (-13.8% 🟢)	6.069s (+58.4% 🔺)	4.315s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.530s (-3.6%)	11.023s (~)	0.493s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.534s (-3.8%)	11.023s (~)	0.489s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.550s (-3.8%)	11.018s (~)	0.469s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.559s (-2.9%)	11.018s (~)	0.460s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.815s	11.021s	0.206s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.877s	11.019s	0.141s	3	1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	14.127s (-18.4% 🟢)	15.554s (-19.8% 🟢)	1.427s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	14.338s (-15.6% 🟢)	16.215s (-19.0% 🟢)	1.878s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	13.736s (-8.2% 🟢)	14.027s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.291s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.739s (-8.8% 🟢)	14.026s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.287s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.827s (-5.2% 🟢)	14.016s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.190s	5	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.863s (-5.0% 🟢)	14.020s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.157s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.434s	15.029s	0.595s	4	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.567s	15.026s	0.459s	4	1.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	21.767s (-56.7% 🟢)	23.611s (-55.1% 🟢)	1.844s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	22.170s (-57.8% 🟢)	24.330s (-55.4% 🟢)	2.160s	3	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	12.405s (-11.4% 🟢)	13.016s (-10.8% 🟢)	0.612s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	12.512s (-25.4% 🟢)	13.025s (-23.5% 🟢)	0.513s	7	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.555s (-10.1% 🟢)	13.020s (-9.0% 🟢)	0.464s	7	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	12.673s (-23.7% 🟢)	13.170s (-22.7% 🟢)	0.497s	7	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.514s	14.026s	0.512s	7	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.875s	14.162s	0.287s	7	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	29.889s (-75.3% 🟢)	31.918s (-74.2% 🟢)	2.028s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.963s (-92.1% 🟢)	33.325s (-91.6% 🟢)	2.363s	3	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.168s (-7.3% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.839s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.189s (-6.7% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.818s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.213s (-18.5% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.793s	15	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.228s (-24.7% 🟢)	2.006s (-3.3%)	0.778s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.272s	2.008s	0.736s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.310s	2.005s	0.695s	15	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.605s (-8.9% 🟢)	4.437s (-4.0%)	1.833s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.701s (-20.5% 🟢)	4.243s (-14.0% 🟢)	1.542s	8	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.213s (-48.6% 🟢)	2.007s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.794s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.257s (-46.5% 🟢)	2.009s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.752s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.435s	2.008s	0.573s	15	1.18x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.702s	2.005s	0.303s	15	1.40x
💻 Local	Express	1.860s (-37.0% 🟢)	2.150s (-37.7% 🟢)	0.291s	14	1.53x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.911s (-39.2% 🟢)	2.222s (-42.8% 🟢)	0.311s	14	1.58x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.350s (-7.5% 🟢)	5.108s (~)	1.758s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.671s (-48.3% 🟢)	6.307s (-29.2% 🟢)	2.635s	5	1.10x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.319s (-62.2% 🟢)	2.007s (-50.0% 🟢)	0.687s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.413s (-59.4% 🟢)	2.007s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.595s	15	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.775s	2.224s	0.449s	14	1.35x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.577s	5.012s	0.435s	6	3.47x
💻 Local	Express	5.244s (-37.1% 🟢)	5.847s (-35.2% 🟢)	0.603s	6	3.97x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.396s (-35.4% 🟢)	6.213s (-31.1% 🟢)	0.817s	5	4.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	105.877s (+2397.1% 🔺)	110.324s (+1700.6% 🔺)	4.447s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	308.487s (+3360.1% 🔺)	310.186s (+2730.1% 🔺)	1.699s	1	2.91x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.171s (-6.9% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.837s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.182s (-5.9% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.826s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.263s	2.008s	0.745s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.404s	2.006s	0.602s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.558s (-16.5% 🟢)	2.006s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.448s	15	1.33x
💻 Local	Express	1.586s (-16.2% 🟢)	2.006s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.420s	15	1.35x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.402s (-7.0% 🟢)	3.849s (-11.5% 🟢)	1.448s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.493s (-15.0% 🟢)	3.996s (-13.9% 🟢)	1.503s	8	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.274s (-45.6% 🟢)	2.074s (-31.1% 🟢)	0.801s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.288s (-45.0% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.720s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.400s	2.008s	0.608s	15	1.10x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.065s (-32.6% 🟢)	2.591s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.526s	12	1.62x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.121s	2.510s	0.389s	12	1.66x
💻 Local	Express	2.131s (-32.0% 🟢)	2.675s (-28.9% 🟢)	0.544s	12	1.67x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.397s (+6.4% 🔺)	5.075s (+5.9% 🔺)	1.678s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.712s (+18.1% 🔺)	5.507s (+21.8% 🔺)	1.794s	6	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.328s (-62.0% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.680s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.452s (-58.3% 🟢)	2.074s (-48.3% 🟢)	0.622s	15	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.771s	2.471s	0.701s	13	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.005s	5.517s	0.512s	6	3.77x
💻 Local	Express	6.381s (-27.5% 🟢)	6.815s (-26.5% 🟢)	0.434s	5	4.80x
💻 Local	Nitro	6.392s (-30.1% 🟢)	6.816s (-32.0% 🟢)	0.424s	5	4.81x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	66.173s (+879.3% 🔺)	68.299s (+699.4% 🔺)	2.126s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	108.275s (+1587.3% 🔺)	109.980s (+1244.8% 🔺)	1.705s	3	1.64x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.560s (-33.3% 🟢)	1.023s (~)	0.463s	59	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.603s (-38.8% 🟢)	1.005s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.402s	60	1.08x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.615s (-37.3% 🟢)	1.022s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.407s	59	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.623s (-24.1% 🟢)	1.058s (+5.2% 🔺)	0.436s	58	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.843s	1.007s	0.164s	60	1.51x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.850s	1.004s	0.154s	60	1.52x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.076s (-73.3% 🟢)	7.323s (-65.7% 🟢)	2.248s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.313s (-63.4% 🟢)	7.516s (-53.3% 🟢)	2.204s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.342s (-32.1% 🟢)	2.029s (-10.1% 🟢)	0.687s	45	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.346s (-30.1% 🟢)	2.008s (-4.4%)	0.661s	45	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.484s (-51.1% 🟢)	2.006s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.522s	45	1.11x
💻 Local	Express	1.568s (-48.0% 🟢)	2.029s (-43.4% 🟢)	0.461s	45	1.17x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.088s	2.943s	0.855s	31	1.56x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.213s	3.045s	0.832s	30	1.65x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.314s (-61.4% 🟢)	16.008s (-56.5% 🟢)	2.694s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.550s (-70.8% 🟢)	16.412s (-68.3% 🟢)	1.862s	6	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.574s (-35.5% 🟢)	3.033s (-30.6% 🟢)	0.459s	40	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.648s (-35.5% 🟢)	3.009s (-34.6% 🟢)	0.361s	40	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.229s (-65.3% 🟢)	4.009s (-60.0% 🟢)	0.780s	30	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	3.328s (-63.9% 🟢)	4.009s (-60.0% 🟢)	0.681s	30	1.29x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.261s	5.013s	0.752s	24	1.66x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.296s	5.010s	0.714s	24	1.67x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	30.149s (-76.8% 🟢)	31.788s (-75.9% 🟢)	1.639s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	32.110s (-70.0% 🟢)	34.798s (-68.1% 🟢)	2.688s	4	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.200s (-29.1% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.805s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.226s (-20.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.780s	60	1.13x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.291s	1.008s	0.717s	60	1.45x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.446s (-26.3% 🟢)	1.004s (-1.7%)	0.559s	60	2.23x
💻 Local	Express	0.523s (-6.6% 🟢)	1.095s (+9.1% 🔺)	0.572s	55	2.61x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.595s	1.022s	0.427s	59	2.97x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.651s (+35.6% 🔺)	4.521s (+24.3% 🔺)	1.870s	14	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	32.500s (+1506.9% 🔺)	34.864s (+819.0% 🔺)	2.364s	10	12.26x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.311s (-38.9% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.695s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.370s (-25.5% 🟢)	1.018s (+1.1%)	0.648s	89	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.502s	1.006s	0.504s	90	1.61x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.114s (-16.7% 🟢)	2.637s (-12.4% 🟢)	0.524s	35	6.79x
💻 Local	Express	2.115s (-15.8% 🟢)	2.715s (-9.8% 🟢)	0.600s	34	6.80x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.328s	3.076s	0.748s	30	7.48x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	5.812s (+64.4% 🔺)	10.281s (+98.0% 🔺)	4.469s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	308.226s (+10017.3% 🔺)	309.686s (+6342.0% 🔺)	1.460s	1	53.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.594s (-27.5% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.2%)	0.412s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.693s (-12.3% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.313s	120	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.008s	1.748s	0.740s	69	1.70x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.567s (-14.5% 🟢)	10.279s (-11.9% 🟢)	0.712s	12	16.11x
💻 Local	Express	9.765s (-12.7% 🟢)	10.274s (-14.0% 🟢)	0.509s	12	16.44x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.331s	11.301s	0.970s	11	17.40x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	11.538s (+11.7% 🔺)	15.094s (+22.9% 🔺)	3.556s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	13.016s (+75.4% 🔺)	18.531s (+100.5% 🔺)	5.514s	7	1.13x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.157s (+464.2% 🔺)	2.001s (+100.4% 🔺)	0.001s (-25.0% 🟢)	2.009s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.852s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.162s (+466.9% 🔺)	1.998s (+99.9% 🔺)	0.002s (+20.0% 🔺)	2.012s (+98.9% 🔺)	0.849s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.165s (+485.3% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.012s (+1.7%)	2.020s (+98.4% 🔺)	0.854s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.167s (+446.1% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.012s (-6.4% 🟢)	2.019s (+98.2% 🔺)	0.852s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.210s	2.003s	0.011s	2.018s	0.808s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.249s	2.003s	0.001s	2.013s	0.765s	10	1.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.209s (-67.8% 🟢)	3.274s (-62.2% 🟢)	1.704s (+169.7% 🔺)	5.698s (-41.8% 🟢)	3.489s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.299s (-8.2% 🟢)	3.606s (-11.9% 🟢)	1.202s (+25.1% 🔺)	5.334s (-4.6%)	3.035s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.556s (+146.9% 🔺)	2.008s (+99.5% 🔺)	0.003s (-12.1% 🟢)	2.022s (+97.6% 🔺)	0.466s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.588s (+89.3% 🔺)	2.009s (+98.6% 🔺)	0.011s (+17.0% 🔺)	2.022s (+81.2% 🔺)	0.434s	30	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.608s (+157.6% 🔺)	2.007s (+99.3% 🔺)	0.004s (-4.1%)	2.028s (+98.4% 🔺)	0.420s	30	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.800s	2.010s	0.004s	2.026s	0.226s	30	1.16x
💻 Local	Express	2.008s (+165.3% 🔺)	2.010s (+95.3% 🔺)	0.010s (+1.6%)	2.423s (+133.0% 🔺)	0.414s	25	1.29x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.120s	2.008s	0.010s	2.422s	0.302s	25	1.36x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.660s (-13.0% 🟢)	8.452s (+5.5% 🔺)	0.237s (-42.0% 🟢)	9.212s (+4.3%)	3.552s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.049s (-64.2% 🟢)	7.902s (-56.7% 🟢)	0.237s (+12.3% 🔺)	8.625s (-54.4% 🟢)	2.576s	7	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.693s (-27.9% 🟢)	1.051s (-17.7% 🟢)	0.000s (+61.4% 🔺)	1.059s (-18.9% 🟢)	0.366s	57	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.700s (-27.7% 🟢)	1.015s (-18.7% 🟢)	0.000s (-59.3% 🟢)	1.025s (-18.5% 🟢)	0.324s	59	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.856s	1.129s	0.000s	1.138s	0.281s	54	1.24x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.352s (+10.5% 🔺)	2.014s (~)	0.000s (+266.7% 🔺)	2.016s (~)	0.665s	30	1.95x
💻 Local	Express	1.438s (+17.4% 🔺)	2.014s (~)	0.000s (-10.0% 🟢)	2.016s (~)	0.579s	30	2.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.502s	2.013s	0.000s	2.016s	0.514s	30	2.17x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.377s (-9.7% 🟢)	4.775s (-6.4% 🟢)	0.000s (-54.2% 🟢)	5.283s (-4.5%)	1.906s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.993s (-60.8% 🟢)	5.325s (-53.8% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.894s (-51.1% 🟢)	1.901s	11	1.18x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.406s (-20.6% 🟢)	2.104s (-3.4%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.120s (-3.6%)	0.714s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.518s (-15.3% 🟢)	2.178s (+1.7%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.189s (+0.7%)	0.671s	28	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.676s	2.226s	0.000s	2.234s	0.558s	27	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.003s	3.556s	0.001s	3.561s	0.557s	17	2.14x
💻 Local	Express	3.128s (-9.8% 🟢)	3.668s (-9.1% 🟢)	0.000s (-41.2% 🟢)	3.679s (-8.8% 🟢)	0.552s	17	2.22x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.136s (-7.4% 🟢)	3.833s (-4.9%)	0.001s (+75.8% 🔺)	3.841s (-4.8%)	0.705s	16	2.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	49.669s (+784.3% 🔺)	52.156s (+647.0% 🔺)	0.000s (+14.3% 🔺)	54.191s (+618.7% 🔺)	4.522s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	11/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	20/21
▲ Vercel	Express	15/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	17/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	14/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	14/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[pranaygp]

Reviewed the forward-port against stable #2171 and re-checked the replay ordering paths on this branch. I did not find any new main-branch issues beyond the already-documented non-blocking test cleanup note on the stable source PR.

[github-actions]

No backport to stable for 0fd0891 (AI decision).

This commit is explicitly a forward-port from stable to main of PR #2171, which is already present on stable (commit 38c67a7f). Backporting would be a no-op or cause conflicts with the change that already exists there.

To override, re-run the Backport to stable workflow manually via workflow_dispatch and paste this commit SHA into the ref input:

0fd0891cc4acab6d84610d3603f3cb90a33f29b0

[VaguelySerious]

Forward-port of #2171 from `stable` to `main` (cherry-pick of merge commit `38c67a7`, applied with no conflicts).

Summary

Fixes a replay divergence where a buffered hook payload races a concurrent `sleep`, and `sleep` can win a `Promise.race` that the committed event log says the hook won — surfacing as `CorruptedEventLogError` on replay.

Branch-deciding deliveries (buffered hook payloads and wait completions) are now handed to the workflow in strict event-log order — anchored on event position rather than microtask-resolution timing — so the committed branch wins deterministically, independent of decryption/hydration time or `Promise.race` argument order.

See #2171 for full root-cause analysis and fix details.

Validation

• Cherry-picked the squashed merge commit onto `main`; clean auto-merge, diff identical to the original PR.
• `@workflow/core` typecheck: clean.
• Affected tests (hook-sleep-interaction, async-deserialization-ordering, sleep, step): 87/87 pass.
• Remaining `e2e/` failures in the full suite are pre-existing on clean `main` (require a full build setup) and unrelated to these runtime changes.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 noreply@anthropic.com

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 63a12a8

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production	1264	2	219	1485
✅ 💻 Local Development	1671	0	219	1890
✅ 📦 Local Production	1671	0	219	1890
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1671	0	219	1890
✅ 🪟 Windows	135	0	0	135
✅ 📋 Other	769	0	176	945
Total	7181	2	1052	8235

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (2 failed)

hono (1 failed):

• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KSYP28WNWYSMQBHT1E6R1PBM | 🔍 observability

nuxt (1 failed):

• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KSYP28WNWYSMQBHT1E6R1PBM | 🔍 observability

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	109	0	26
✅ example	109	0	26
✅ express	109	0	26
✅ fastify	109	0	26
❌ hono	108	1	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	133	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	133	0	2
✅ nitro	109	0	26
❌ nuxt	108	1	26
✅ sveltekit	128	0	7
✅ vite	109	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	110	0	25
✅ express-stable	110	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	110	0	25
✅ hono-stable	110	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	110	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	110	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	129	0	6
✅ vite-stable	110	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	110	0	25
✅ express-stable	110	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	110	0	25
✅ hono-stable	110	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	110	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	110	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	129	0	6
✅ vite-stable	110	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	110	0	25
✅ express-stable	110	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	110	0	25
✅ hono-stable	110	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	110	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	110	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	129	0	6
✅ vite-stable	110	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	135	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	110	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	109	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: failure
• Local Dev: success
• Local Prod: success
• Local Postgres: success
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.040s (-6.3% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.965s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.043s (-2.9%)	1.006s (~)	0.963s	10	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.053s (-9.3% 🟢)	1.010s (~)	0.957s	10	1.30x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.058s	1.005s	0.947s	10	1.43x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.063s (-33.6% 🟢)	1.013s (-2.9%)	0.950s	10	1.56x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.068s	1.012s	0.944s	10	1.69x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.299s (+26.9% 🔺)	2.326s (+8.9% 🔺)	2.027s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.301s (+19.5% 🔺)	2.352s (+0.8%)	2.052s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.095s (-3.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.911s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.101s (-2.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.905s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.105s (-3.0%)	2.010s (~)	0.905s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.107s (-3.5%)	2.009s (~)	0.903s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.132s	2.006s	0.874s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.139s	2.010s	0.871s	10	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.725s (-8.0% 🟢)	6.340s (+66.5% 🔺)	4.615s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.754s (-13.8% 🟢)	6.069s (+58.4% 🔺)	4.315s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.530s (-3.6%)	11.023s (~)	0.493s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.534s (-3.8%)	11.023s (~)	0.489s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.550s (-3.8%)	11.018s (~)	0.469s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.559s (-2.9%)	11.018s (~)	0.460s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.815s	11.021s	0.206s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.877s	11.019s	0.141s	3	1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	14.127s (-18.4% 🟢)	15.554s (-19.8% 🟢)	1.427s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	14.338s (-15.6% 🟢)	16.215s (-19.0% 🟢)	1.878s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	13.736s (-8.2% 🟢)	14.027s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.291s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.739s (-8.8% 🟢)	14.026s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.287s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.827s (-5.2% 🟢)	14.016s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.190s	5	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.863s (-5.0% 🟢)	14.020s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.157s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.434s	15.029s	0.595s	4	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.567s	15.026s	0.459s	4	1.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	21.767s (-56.7% 🟢)	23.611s (-55.1% 🟢)	1.844s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	22.170s (-57.8% 🟢)	24.330s (-55.4% 🟢)	2.160s	3	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	12.405s (-11.4% 🟢)	13.016s (-10.8% 🟢)	0.612s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	12.512s (-25.4% 🟢)	13.025s (-23.5% 🟢)	0.513s	7	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.555s (-10.1% 🟢)	13.020s (-9.0% 🟢)	0.464s	7	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	12.673s (-23.7% 🟢)	13.170s (-22.7% 🟢)	0.497s	7	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.514s	14.026s	0.512s	7	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.875s	14.162s	0.287s	7	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	29.889s (-75.3% 🟢)	31.918s (-74.2% 🟢)	2.028s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.963s (-92.1% 🟢)	33.325s (-91.6% 🟢)	2.363s	3	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.168s (-7.3% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.839s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.189s (-6.7% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.818s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.213s (-18.5% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.793s	15	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.228s (-24.7% 🟢)	2.006s (-3.3%)	0.778s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.272s	2.008s	0.736s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.310s	2.005s	0.695s	15	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.605s (-8.9% 🟢)	4.437s (-4.0%)	1.833s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.701s (-20.5% 🟢)	4.243s (-14.0% 🟢)	1.542s	8	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.213s (-48.6% 🟢)	2.007s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.794s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.257s (-46.5% 🟢)	2.009s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.752s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.435s	2.008s	0.573s	15	1.18x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.702s	2.005s	0.303s	15	1.40x
💻 Local	Express	1.860s (-37.0% 🟢)	2.150s (-37.7% 🟢)	0.291s	14	1.53x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.911s (-39.2% 🟢)	2.222s (-42.8% 🟢)	0.311s	14	1.58x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.350s (-7.5% 🟢)	5.108s (~)	1.758s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.671s (-48.3% 🟢)	6.307s (-29.2% 🟢)	2.635s	5	1.10x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.319s (-62.2% 🟢)	2.007s (-50.0% 🟢)	0.687s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.413s (-59.4% 🟢)	2.007s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.595s	15	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.775s	2.224s	0.449s	14	1.35x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.577s	5.012s	0.435s	6	3.47x
💻 Local	Express	5.244s (-37.1% 🟢)	5.847s (-35.2% 🟢)	0.603s	6	3.97x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.396s (-35.4% 🟢)	6.213s (-31.1% 🟢)	0.817s	5	4.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	105.877s (+2397.1% 🔺)	110.324s (+1700.6% 🔺)	4.447s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	308.487s (+3360.1% 🔺)	310.186s (+2730.1% 🔺)	1.699s	1	2.91x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.171s (-6.9% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.837s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.182s (-5.9% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.826s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.263s	2.008s	0.745s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.404s	2.006s	0.602s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.558s (-16.5% 🟢)	2.006s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.448s	15	1.33x
💻 Local	Express	1.586s (-16.2% 🟢)	2.006s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.420s	15	1.35x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.402s (-7.0% 🟢)	3.849s (-11.5% 🟢)	1.448s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.493s (-15.0% 🟢)	3.996s (-13.9% 🟢)	1.503s	8	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.274s (-45.6% 🟢)	2.074s (-31.1% 🟢)	0.801s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.288s (-45.0% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.720s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.400s	2.008s	0.608s	15	1.10x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.065s (-32.6% 🟢)	2.591s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.526s	12	1.62x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.121s	2.510s	0.389s	12	1.66x
💻 Local	Express	2.131s (-32.0% 🟢)	2.675s (-28.9% 🟢)	0.544s	12	1.67x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.397s (+6.4% 🔺)	5.075s (+5.9% 🔺)	1.678s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.712s (+18.1% 🔺)	5.507s (+21.8% 🔺)	1.794s	6	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.328s (-62.0% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.680s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.452s (-58.3% 🟢)	2.074s (-48.3% 🟢)	0.622s	15	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.771s	2.471s	0.701s	13	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.005s	5.517s	0.512s	6	3.77x
💻 Local	Express	6.381s (-27.5% 🟢)	6.815s (-26.5% 🟢)	0.434s	5	4.80x
💻 Local	Nitro	6.392s (-30.1% 🟢)	6.816s (-32.0% 🟢)	0.424s	5	4.81x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	66.173s (+879.3% 🔺)	68.299s (+699.4% 🔺)	2.126s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	108.275s (+1587.3% 🔺)	109.980s (+1244.8% 🔺)	1.705s	3	1.64x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.560s (-33.3% 🟢)	1.023s (~)	0.463s	59	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.603s (-38.8% 🟢)	1.005s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.402s	60	1.08x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.615s (-37.3% 🟢)	1.022s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.407s	59	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.623s (-24.1% 🟢)	1.058s (+5.2% 🔺)	0.436s	58	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.843s	1.007s	0.164s	60	1.51x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.850s	1.004s	0.154s	60	1.52x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.076s (-73.3% 🟢)	7.323s (-65.7% 🟢)	2.248s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.313s (-63.4% 🟢)	7.516s (-53.3% 🟢)	2.204s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.342s (-32.1% 🟢)	2.029s (-10.1% 🟢)	0.687s	45	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.346s (-30.1% 🟢)	2.008s (-4.4%)	0.661s	45	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.484s (-51.1% 🟢)	2.006s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.522s	45	1.11x
💻 Local	Express	1.568s (-48.0% 🟢)	2.029s (-43.4% 🟢)	0.461s	45	1.17x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.088s	2.943s	0.855s	31	1.56x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.213s	3.045s	0.832s	30	1.65x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.314s (-61.4% 🟢)	16.008s (-56.5% 🟢)	2.694s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.550s (-70.8% 🟢)	16.412s (-68.3% 🟢)	1.862s	6	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.574s (-35.5% 🟢)	3.033s (-30.6% 🟢)	0.459s	40	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.648s (-35.5% 🟢)	3.009s (-34.6% 🟢)	0.361s	40	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.229s (-65.3% 🟢)	4.009s (-60.0% 🟢)	0.780s	30	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	3.328s (-63.9% 🟢)	4.009s (-60.0% 🟢)	0.681s	30	1.29x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.261s	5.013s	0.752s	24	1.66x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.296s	5.010s	0.714s	24	1.67x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	30.149s (-76.8% 🟢)	31.788s (-75.9% 🟢)	1.639s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	32.110s (-70.0% 🟢)	34.798s (-68.1% 🟢)	2.688s	4	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.200s (-29.1% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.805s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.226s (-20.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.780s	60	1.13x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.291s	1.008s	0.717s	60	1.45x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.446s (-26.3% 🟢)	1.004s (-1.7%)	0.559s	60	2.23x
💻 Local	Express	0.523s (-6.6% 🟢)	1.095s (+9.1% 🔺)	0.572s	55	2.61x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.595s	1.022s	0.427s	59	2.97x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.651s (+35.6% 🔺)	4.521s (+24.3% 🔺)	1.870s	14	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	32.500s (+1506.9% 🔺)	34.864s (+819.0% 🔺)	2.364s	10	12.26x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.311s (-38.9% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.695s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.370s (-25.5% 🟢)	1.018s (+1.1%)	0.648s	89	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.502s	1.006s	0.504s	90	1.61x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.114s (-16.7% 🟢)	2.637s (-12.4% 🟢)	0.524s	35	6.79x
💻 Local	Express	2.115s (-15.8% 🟢)	2.715s (-9.8% 🟢)	0.600s	34	6.80x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.328s	3.076s	0.748s	30	7.48x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	5.812s (+64.4% 🔺)	10.281s (+98.0% 🔺)	4.469s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	308.226s (+10017.3% 🔺)	309.686s (+6342.0% 🔺)	1.460s	1	53.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.594s (-27.5% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.2%)	0.412s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.693s (-12.3% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.313s	120	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.008s	1.748s	0.740s	69	1.70x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.567s (-14.5% 🟢)	10.279s (-11.9% 🟢)	0.712s	12	16.11x
💻 Local	Express	9.765s (-12.7% 🟢)	10.274s (-14.0% 🟢)	0.509s	12	16.44x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.331s	11.301s	0.970s	11	17.40x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	11.538s (+11.7% 🔺)	15.094s (+22.9% 🔺)	3.556s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	13.016s (+75.4% 🔺)	18.531s (+100.5% 🔺)	5.514s	7	1.13x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.157s (+464.2% 🔺)	2.001s (+100.4% 🔺)	0.001s (-25.0% 🟢)	2.009s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.852s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.162s (+466.9% 🔺)	1.998s (+99.9% 🔺)	0.002s (+20.0% 🔺)	2.012s (+98.9% 🔺)	0.849s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.165s (+485.3% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.012s (+1.7%)	2.020s (+98.4% 🔺)	0.854s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.167s (+446.1% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.012s (-6.4% 🟢)	2.019s (+98.2% 🔺)	0.852s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.210s	2.003s	0.011s	2.018s	0.808s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.249s	2.003s	0.001s	2.013s	0.765s	10	1.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.209s (-67.8% 🟢)	3.274s (-62.2% 🟢)	1.704s (+169.7% 🔺)	5.698s (-41.8% 🟢)	3.489s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.299s (-8.2% 🟢)	3.606s (-11.9% 🟢)	1.202s (+25.1% 🔺)	5.334s (-4.6%)	3.035s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.556s (+146.9% 🔺)	2.008s (+99.5% 🔺)	0.003s (-12.1% 🟢)	2.022s (+97.6% 🔺)	0.466s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.588s (+89.3% 🔺)	2.009s (+98.6% 🔺)	0.011s (+17.0% 🔺)	2.022s (+81.2% 🔺)	0.434s	30	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.608s (+157.6% 🔺)	2.007s (+99.3% 🔺)	0.004s (-4.1%)	2.028s (+98.4% 🔺)	0.420s	30	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.800s	2.010s	0.004s	2.026s	0.226s	30	1.16x
💻 Local	Express	2.008s (+165.3% 🔺)	2.010s (+95.3% 🔺)	0.010s (+1.6%)	2.423s (+133.0% 🔺)	0.414s	25	1.29x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.120s	2.008s	0.010s	2.422s	0.302s	25	1.36x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.660s (-13.0% 🟢)	8.452s (+5.5% 🔺)	0.237s (-42.0% 🟢)	9.212s (+4.3%)	3.552s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.049s (-64.2% 🟢)	7.902s (-56.7% 🟢)	0.237s (+12.3% 🔺)	8.625s (-54.4% 🟢)	2.576s	7	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.693s (-27.9% 🟢)	1.051s (-17.7% 🟢)	0.000s (+61.4% 🔺)	1.059s (-18.9% 🟢)	0.366s	57	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.700s (-27.7% 🟢)	1.015s (-18.7% 🟢)	0.000s (-59.3% 🟢)	1.025s (-18.5% 🟢)	0.324s	59	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.856s	1.129s	0.000s	1.138s	0.281s	54	1.24x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.352s (+10.5% 🔺)	2.014s (~)	0.000s (+266.7% 🔺)	2.016s (~)	0.665s	30	1.95x
💻 Local	Express	1.438s (+17.4% 🔺)	2.014s (~)	0.000s (-10.0% 🟢)	2.016s (~)	0.579s	30	2.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.502s	2.013s	0.000s	2.016s	0.514s	30	2.17x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.377s (-9.7% 🟢)	4.775s (-6.4% 🟢)	0.000s (-54.2% 🟢)	5.283s (-4.5%)	1.906s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.993s (-60.8% 🟢)	5.325s (-53.8% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.894s (-51.1% 🟢)	1.901s	11	1.18x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.406s (-20.6% 🟢)	2.104s (-3.4%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.120s (-3.6%)	0.714s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.518s (-15.3% 🟢)	2.178s (+1.7%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.189s (+0.7%)	0.671s	28	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.676s	2.226s	0.000s	2.234s	0.558s	27	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.003s	3.556s	0.001s	3.561s	0.557s	17	2.14x
💻 Local	Express	3.128s (-9.8% 🟢)	3.668s (-9.1% 🟢)	0.000s (-41.2% 🟢)	3.679s (-8.8% 🟢)	0.552s	17	2.22x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.136s (-7.4% 🟢)	3.833s (-4.9%)	0.001s (+75.8% 🔺)	3.841s (-4.8%)	0.705s	16	2.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	49.669s (+784.3% 🔺)	52.156s (+647.0% 🔺)	0.000s (+14.3% 🔺)	54.191s (+618.7% 🔺)	4.522s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	11/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	20/21
▲ Vercel	Express	15/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	17/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	14/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	14/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[pranaygp]

Reviewed the forward-port against stable #2171 and re-checked the replay ordering paths on this branch. I did not find any new main-branch issues beyond the already-documented non-blocking test cleanup note on the stable source PR.

[github-actions]

No backport to stable for 0fd0891 (AI decision).

This commit is explicitly a forward-port from stable to main of PR #2171, which is already present on stable (commit 38c67a7f). Backporting would be a no-op or cause conflicts with the change that already exists there.

To override, re-run the Backport to stable workflow manually via workflow_dispatch and paste this commit SHA into the ref input:

0fd0891cc4acab6d84610d3603f3cb90a33f29b0

[VaguelySerious]

Forward-port of #2171 from `stable` to `main` (cherry-pick of merge commit `38c67a7`, applied with no conflicts).

Summary

Fixes a replay divergence where a buffered hook payload races a concurrent `sleep`, and `sleep` can win a `Promise.race` that the committed event log says the hook won — surfacing as `CorruptedEventLogError` on replay.

Branch-deciding deliveries (buffered hook payloads and wait completions) are now handed to the workflow in strict event-log order — anchored on event position rather than microtask-resolution timing — so the committed branch wins deterministically, independent of decryption/hydration time or `Promise.race` argument order.

See #2171 for full root-cause analysis and fix details.

Validation

• Cherry-picked the squashed merge commit onto `main`; clean auto-merge, diff identical to the original PR.
• `@workflow/core` typecheck: clean.
• Affected tests (hook-sleep-interaction, async-deserialization-ordering, sleep, step): 87/87 pass.
• Remaining `e2e/` failures in the full suite are pre-existing on clean `main` (require a full build setup) and unrelated to these runtime changes.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 noreply@anthropic.com

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 63a12a8

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production	1264	2	219	1485
✅ 💻 Local Development	1671	0	219	1890
✅ 📦 Local Production	1671	0	219	1890
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1671	0	219	1890
✅ 🪟 Windows	135	0	0	135
✅ 📋 Other	769	0	176	945
Total	7181	2	1052	8235

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (2 failed)

hono (1 failed):

• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KSYP28WNWYSMQBHT1E6R1PBM | 🔍 observability

nuxt (1 failed):

• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KSYP28WNWYSMQBHT1E6R1PBM | 🔍 observability

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	109	0	26
✅ example	109	0	26
✅ express	109	0	26
✅ fastify	109	0	26
❌ hono	108	1	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	133	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	133	0	2
✅ nitro	109	0	26
❌ nuxt	108	1	26
✅ sveltekit	128	0	7
✅ vite	109	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	110	0	25
✅ express-stable	110	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	110	0	25
✅ hono-stable	110	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	110	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	110	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	129	0	6
✅ vite-stable	110	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	110	0	25
✅ express-stable	110	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	110	0	25
✅ hono-stable	110	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	110	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	110	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	129	0	6
✅ vite-stable	110	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	110	0	25
✅ express-stable	110	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	110	0	25
✅ hono-stable	110	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	110	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	110	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	129	0	6
✅ vite-stable	110	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	135	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	110	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	109	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: failure
• Local Dev: success
• Local Prod: success
• Local Postgres: success
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.040s (-6.3% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.965s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.043s (-2.9%)	1.006s (~)	0.963s	10	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.053s (-9.3% 🟢)	1.010s (~)	0.957s	10	1.30x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.058s	1.005s	0.947s	10	1.43x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.063s (-33.6% 🟢)	1.013s (-2.9%)	0.950s	10	1.56x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.068s	1.012s	0.944s	10	1.69x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.299s (+26.9% 🔺)	2.326s (+8.9% 🔺)	2.027s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.301s (+19.5% 🔺)	2.352s (+0.8%)	2.052s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.095s (-3.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.911s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.101s (-2.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.905s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.105s (-3.0%)	2.010s (~)	0.905s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.107s (-3.5%)	2.009s (~)	0.903s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.132s	2.006s	0.874s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.139s	2.010s	0.871s	10	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.725s (-8.0% 🟢)	6.340s (+66.5% 🔺)	4.615s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.754s (-13.8% 🟢)	6.069s (+58.4% 🔺)	4.315s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.530s (-3.6%)	11.023s (~)	0.493s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.534s (-3.8%)	11.023s (~)	0.489s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.550s (-3.8%)	11.018s (~)	0.469s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.559s (-2.9%)	11.018s (~)	0.460s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.815s	11.021s	0.206s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.877s	11.019s	0.141s	3	1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	14.127s (-18.4% 🟢)	15.554s (-19.8% 🟢)	1.427s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	14.338s (-15.6% 🟢)	16.215s (-19.0% 🟢)	1.878s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	13.736s (-8.2% 🟢)	14.027s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.291s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.739s (-8.8% 🟢)	14.026s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.287s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.827s (-5.2% 🟢)	14.016s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.190s	5	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.863s (-5.0% 🟢)	14.020s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.157s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.434s	15.029s	0.595s	4	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.567s	15.026s	0.459s	4	1.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	21.767s (-56.7% 🟢)	23.611s (-55.1% 🟢)	1.844s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	22.170s (-57.8% 🟢)	24.330s (-55.4% 🟢)	2.160s	3	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	12.405s (-11.4% 🟢)	13.016s (-10.8% 🟢)	0.612s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	12.512s (-25.4% 🟢)	13.025s (-23.5% 🟢)	0.513s	7	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.555s (-10.1% 🟢)	13.020s (-9.0% 🟢)	0.464s	7	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	12.673s (-23.7% 🟢)	13.170s (-22.7% 🟢)	0.497s	7	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.514s	14.026s	0.512s	7	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.875s	14.162s	0.287s	7	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	29.889s (-75.3% 🟢)	31.918s (-74.2% 🟢)	2.028s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.963s (-92.1% 🟢)	33.325s (-91.6% 🟢)	2.363s	3	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.168s (-7.3% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.839s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.189s (-6.7% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.818s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.213s (-18.5% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.793s	15	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.228s (-24.7% 🟢)	2.006s (-3.3%)	0.778s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.272s	2.008s	0.736s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.310s	2.005s	0.695s	15	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.605s (-8.9% 🟢)	4.437s (-4.0%)	1.833s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.701s (-20.5% 🟢)	4.243s (-14.0% 🟢)	1.542s	8	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.213s (-48.6% 🟢)	2.007s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.794s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.257s (-46.5% 🟢)	2.009s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.752s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.435s	2.008s	0.573s	15	1.18x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.702s	2.005s	0.303s	15	1.40x
💻 Local	Express	1.860s (-37.0% 🟢)	2.150s (-37.7% 🟢)	0.291s	14	1.53x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.911s (-39.2% 🟢)	2.222s (-42.8% 🟢)	0.311s	14	1.58x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.350s (-7.5% 🟢)	5.108s (~)	1.758s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.671s (-48.3% 🟢)	6.307s (-29.2% 🟢)	2.635s	5	1.10x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.319s (-62.2% 🟢)	2.007s (-50.0% 🟢)	0.687s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.413s (-59.4% 🟢)	2.007s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.595s	15	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.775s	2.224s	0.449s	14	1.35x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.577s	5.012s	0.435s	6	3.47x
💻 Local	Express	5.244s (-37.1% 🟢)	5.847s (-35.2% 🟢)	0.603s	6	3.97x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.396s (-35.4% 🟢)	6.213s (-31.1% 🟢)	0.817s	5	4.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	105.877s (+2397.1% 🔺)	110.324s (+1700.6% 🔺)	4.447s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	308.487s (+3360.1% 🔺)	310.186s (+2730.1% 🔺)	1.699s	1	2.91x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.171s (-6.9% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.837s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.182s (-5.9% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.826s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.263s	2.008s	0.745s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.404s	2.006s	0.602s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.558s (-16.5% 🟢)	2.006s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.448s	15	1.33x
💻 Local	Express	1.586s (-16.2% 🟢)	2.006s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.420s	15	1.35x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.402s (-7.0% 🟢)	3.849s (-11.5% 🟢)	1.448s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.493s (-15.0% 🟢)	3.996s (-13.9% 🟢)	1.503s	8	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.274s (-45.6% 🟢)	2.074s (-31.1% 🟢)	0.801s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.288s (-45.0% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.720s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.400s	2.008s	0.608s	15	1.10x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.065s (-32.6% 🟢)	2.591s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.526s	12	1.62x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.121s	2.510s	0.389s	12	1.66x
💻 Local	Express	2.131s (-32.0% 🟢)	2.675s (-28.9% 🟢)	0.544s	12	1.67x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.397s (+6.4% 🔺)	5.075s (+5.9% 🔺)	1.678s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.712s (+18.1% 🔺)	5.507s (+21.8% 🔺)	1.794s	6	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.328s (-62.0% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.680s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.452s (-58.3% 🟢)	2.074s (-48.3% 🟢)	0.622s	15	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.771s	2.471s	0.701s	13	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.005s	5.517s	0.512s	6	3.77x
💻 Local	Express	6.381s (-27.5% 🟢)	6.815s (-26.5% 🟢)	0.434s	5	4.80x
💻 Local	Nitro	6.392s (-30.1% 🟢)	6.816s (-32.0% 🟢)	0.424s	5	4.81x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	66.173s (+879.3% 🔺)	68.299s (+699.4% 🔺)	2.126s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	108.275s (+1587.3% 🔺)	109.980s (+1244.8% 🔺)	1.705s	3	1.64x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.560s (-33.3% 🟢)	1.023s (~)	0.463s	59	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.603s (-38.8% 🟢)	1.005s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.402s	60	1.08x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.615s (-37.3% 🟢)	1.022s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.407s	59	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.623s (-24.1% 🟢)	1.058s (+5.2% 🔺)	0.436s	58	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.843s	1.007s	0.164s	60	1.51x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.850s	1.004s	0.154s	60	1.52x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.076s (-73.3% 🟢)	7.323s (-65.7% 🟢)	2.248s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.313s (-63.4% 🟢)	7.516s (-53.3% 🟢)	2.204s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.342s (-32.1% 🟢)	2.029s (-10.1% 🟢)	0.687s	45	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.346s (-30.1% 🟢)	2.008s (-4.4%)	0.661s	45	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.484s (-51.1% 🟢)	2.006s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.522s	45	1.11x
💻 Local	Express	1.568s (-48.0% 🟢)	2.029s (-43.4% 🟢)	0.461s	45	1.17x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.088s	2.943s	0.855s	31	1.56x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.213s	3.045s	0.832s	30	1.65x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.314s (-61.4% 🟢)	16.008s (-56.5% 🟢)	2.694s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.550s (-70.8% 🟢)	16.412s (-68.3% 🟢)	1.862s	6	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.574s (-35.5% 🟢)	3.033s (-30.6% 🟢)	0.459s	40	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.648s (-35.5% 🟢)	3.009s (-34.6% 🟢)	0.361s	40	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.229s (-65.3% 🟢)	4.009s (-60.0% 🟢)	0.780s	30	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	3.328s (-63.9% 🟢)	4.009s (-60.0% 🟢)	0.681s	30	1.29x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.261s	5.013s	0.752s	24	1.66x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.296s	5.010s	0.714s	24	1.67x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	30.149s (-76.8% 🟢)	31.788s (-75.9% 🟢)	1.639s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	32.110s (-70.0% 🟢)	34.798s (-68.1% 🟢)	2.688s	4	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.200s (-29.1% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.805s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.226s (-20.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.780s	60	1.13x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.291s	1.008s	0.717s	60	1.45x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.446s (-26.3% 🟢)	1.004s (-1.7%)	0.559s	60	2.23x
💻 Local	Express	0.523s (-6.6% 🟢)	1.095s (+9.1% 🔺)	0.572s	55	2.61x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.595s	1.022s	0.427s	59	2.97x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.651s (+35.6% 🔺)	4.521s (+24.3% 🔺)	1.870s	14	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	32.500s (+1506.9% 🔺)	34.864s (+819.0% 🔺)	2.364s	10	12.26x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.311s (-38.9% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.695s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.370s (-25.5% 🟢)	1.018s (+1.1%)	0.648s	89	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.502s	1.006s	0.504s	90	1.61x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.114s (-16.7% 🟢)	2.637s (-12.4% 🟢)	0.524s	35	6.79x
💻 Local	Express	2.115s (-15.8% 🟢)	2.715s (-9.8% 🟢)	0.600s	34	6.80x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.328s	3.076s	0.748s	30	7.48x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	5.812s (+64.4% 🔺)	10.281s (+98.0% 🔺)	4.469s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	308.226s (+10017.3% 🔺)	309.686s (+6342.0% 🔺)	1.460s	1	53.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.594s (-27.5% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.2%)	0.412s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.693s (-12.3% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.313s	120	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.008s	1.748s	0.740s	69	1.70x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.567s (-14.5% 🟢)	10.279s (-11.9% 🟢)	0.712s	12	16.11x
💻 Local	Express	9.765s (-12.7% 🟢)	10.274s (-14.0% 🟢)	0.509s	12	16.44x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.331s	11.301s	0.970s	11	17.40x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	11.538s (+11.7% 🔺)	15.094s (+22.9% 🔺)	3.556s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	13.016s (+75.4% 🔺)	18.531s (+100.5% 🔺)	5.514s	7	1.13x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.157s (+464.2% 🔺)	2.001s (+100.4% 🔺)	0.001s (-25.0% 🟢)	2.009s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.852s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.162s (+466.9% 🔺)	1.998s (+99.9% 🔺)	0.002s (+20.0% 🔺)	2.012s (+98.9% 🔺)	0.849s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.165s (+485.3% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.012s (+1.7%)	2.020s (+98.4% 🔺)	0.854s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.167s (+446.1% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.012s (-6.4% 🟢)	2.019s (+98.2% 🔺)	0.852s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.210s	2.003s	0.011s	2.018s	0.808s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.249s	2.003s	0.001s	2.013s	0.765s	10	1.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.209s (-67.8% 🟢)	3.274s (-62.2% 🟢)	1.704s (+169.7% 🔺)	5.698s (-41.8% 🟢)	3.489s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.299s (-8.2% 🟢)	3.606s (-11.9% 🟢)	1.202s (+25.1% 🔺)	5.334s (-4.6%)	3.035s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.556s (+146.9% 🔺)	2.008s (+99.5% 🔺)	0.003s (-12.1% 🟢)	2.022s (+97.6% 🔺)	0.466s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.588s (+89.3% 🔺)	2.009s (+98.6% 🔺)	0.011s (+17.0% 🔺)	2.022s (+81.2% 🔺)	0.434s	30	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.608s (+157.6% 🔺)	2.007s (+99.3% 🔺)	0.004s (-4.1%)	2.028s (+98.4% 🔺)	0.420s	30	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.800s	2.010s	0.004s	2.026s	0.226s	30	1.16x
💻 Local	Express	2.008s (+165.3% 🔺)	2.010s (+95.3% 🔺)	0.010s (+1.6%)	2.423s (+133.0% 🔺)	0.414s	25	1.29x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.120s	2.008s	0.010s	2.422s	0.302s	25	1.36x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.660s (-13.0% 🟢)	8.452s (+5.5% 🔺)	0.237s (-42.0% 🟢)	9.212s (+4.3%)	3.552s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.049s (-64.2% 🟢)	7.902s (-56.7% 🟢)	0.237s (+12.3% 🔺)	8.625s (-54.4% 🟢)	2.576s	7	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.693s (-27.9% 🟢)	1.051s (-17.7% 🟢)	0.000s (+61.4% 🔺)	1.059s (-18.9% 🟢)	0.366s	57	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.700s (-27.7% 🟢)	1.015s (-18.7% 🟢)	0.000s (-59.3% 🟢)	1.025s (-18.5% 🟢)	0.324s	59	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.856s	1.129s	0.000s	1.138s	0.281s	54	1.24x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.352s (+10.5% 🔺)	2.014s (~)	0.000s (+266.7% 🔺)	2.016s (~)	0.665s	30	1.95x
💻 Local	Express	1.438s (+17.4% 🔺)	2.014s (~)	0.000s (-10.0% 🟢)	2.016s (~)	0.579s	30	2.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.502s	2.013s	0.000s	2.016s	0.514s	30	2.17x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.377s (-9.7% 🟢)	4.775s (-6.4% 🟢)	0.000s (-54.2% 🟢)	5.283s (-4.5%)	1.906s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.993s (-60.8% 🟢)	5.325s (-53.8% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.894s (-51.1% 🟢)	1.901s	11	1.18x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.406s (-20.6% 🟢)	2.104s (-3.4%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.120s (-3.6%)	0.714s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.518s (-15.3% 🟢)	2.178s (+1.7%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.189s (+0.7%)	0.671s	28	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.676s	2.226s	0.000s	2.234s	0.558s	27	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.003s	3.556s	0.001s	3.561s	0.557s	17	2.14x
💻 Local	Express	3.128s (-9.8% 🟢)	3.668s (-9.1% 🟢)	0.000s (-41.2% 🟢)	3.679s (-8.8% 🟢)	0.552s	17	2.22x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.136s (-7.4% 🟢)	3.833s (-4.9%)	0.001s (+75.8% 🔺)	3.841s (-4.8%)	0.705s	16	2.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	49.669s (+784.3% 🔺)	52.156s (+647.0% 🔺)	0.000s (+14.3% 🔺)	54.191s (+618.7% 🔺)	4.522s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	11/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	20/21
▲ Vercel	Express	15/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	17/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	14/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	14/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[pranaygp]

Reviewed the forward-port against stable #2171 and re-checked the replay ordering paths on this branch. I did not find any new main-branch issues beyond the already-documented non-blocking test cleanup note on the stable source PR.

[github-actions]

No backport to stable for 0fd0891 (AI decision).

This commit is explicitly a forward-port from stable to main of PR #2171, which is already present on stable (commit 38c67a7f). Backporting would be a no-op or cause conflicts with the change that already exists there.

To override, re-run the Backport to stable workflow manually via workflow_dispatch and paste this commit SHA into the ref input:

0fd0891cc4acab6d84610d3603f3cb90a33f29b0

[VaguelySerious]

Forward-port of #2171 from `stable` to `main` (cherry-pick of merge commit `38c67a7`, applied with no conflicts).

Summary

Fixes a replay divergence where a buffered hook payload races a concurrent `sleep`, and `sleep` can win a `Promise.race` that the committed event log says the hook won — surfacing as `CorruptedEventLogError` on replay.

Branch-deciding deliveries (buffered hook payloads and wait completions) are now handed to the workflow in strict event-log order — anchored on event position rather than microtask-resolution timing — so the committed branch wins deterministically, independent of decryption/hydration time or `Promise.race` argument order.

See #2171 for full root-cause analysis and fix details.

Validation

• Cherry-picked the squashed merge commit onto `main`; clean auto-merge, diff identical to the original PR.
• `@workflow/core` typecheck: clean.
• Affected tests (hook-sleep-interaction, async-deserialization-ordering, sleep, step): 87/87 pass.
• Remaining `e2e/` failures in the full suite are pre-existing on clean `main` (require a full build setup) and unrelated to these runtime changes.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 noreply@anthropic.com

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 63a12a8

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production	1264	2	219	1485
✅ 💻 Local Development	1671	0	219	1890
✅ 📦 Local Production	1671	0	219	1890
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1671	0	219	1890
✅ 🪟 Windows	135	0	0	135
✅ 📋 Other	769	0	176	945
Total	7181	2	1052	8235

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (2 failed)

hono (1 failed):

• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KSYP28WNWYSMQBHT1E6R1PBM | 🔍 observability

nuxt (1 failed):

• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KSYP28WNWYSMQBHT1E6R1PBM | 🔍 observability

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	109	0	26
✅ example	109	0	26
✅ express	109	0	26
✅ fastify	109	0	26
❌ hono	108	1	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	133	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	133	0	2
✅ nitro	109	0	26
❌ nuxt	108	1	26
✅ sveltekit	128	0	7
✅ vite	109	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	110	0	25
✅ express-stable	110	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	110	0	25
✅ hono-stable	110	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	110	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	110	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	129	0	6
✅ vite-stable	110	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	110	0	25
✅ express-stable	110	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	110	0	25
✅ hono-stable	110	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	110	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	110	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	129	0	6
✅ vite-stable	110	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	110	0	25
✅ express-stable	110	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	110	0	25
✅ hono-stable	110	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	110	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	110	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	129	0	6
✅ vite-stable	110	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	135	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	110	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	109	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: failure
• Local Dev: success
• Local Prod: success
• Local Postgres: success
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.040s (-6.3% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.965s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.043s (-2.9%)	1.006s (~)	0.963s	10	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.053s (-9.3% 🟢)	1.010s (~)	0.957s	10	1.30x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.058s	1.005s	0.947s	10	1.43x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.063s (-33.6% 🟢)	1.013s (-2.9%)	0.950s	10	1.56x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.068s	1.012s	0.944s	10	1.69x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.299s (+26.9% 🔺)	2.326s (+8.9% 🔺)	2.027s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.301s (+19.5% 🔺)	2.352s (+0.8%)	2.052s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.095s (-3.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.911s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.101s (-2.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.905s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.105s (-3.0%)	2.010s (~)	0.905s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.107s (-3.5%)	2.009s (~)	0.903s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.132s	2.006s	0.874s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.139s	2.010s	0.871s	10	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.725s (-8.0% 🟢)	6.340s (+66.5% 🔺)	4.615s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.754s (-13.8% 🟢)	6.069s (+58.4% 🔺)	4.315s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.530s (-3.6%)	11.023s (~)	0.493s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.534s (-3.8%)	11.023s (~)	0.489s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.550s (-3.8%)	11.018s (~)	0.469s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.559s (-2.9%)	11.018s (~)	0.460s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.815s	11.021s	0.206s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.877s	11.019s	0.141s	3	1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	14.127s (-18.4% 🟢)	15.554s (-19.8% 🟢)	1.427s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	14.338s (-15.6% 🟢)	16.215s (-19.0% 🟢)	1.878s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	13.736s (-8.2% 🟢)	14.027s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.291s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.739s (-8.8% 🟢)	14.026s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.287s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.827s (-5.2% 🟢)	14.016s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.190s	5	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.863s (-5.0% 🟢)	14.020s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.157s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.434s	15.029s	0.595s	4	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.567s	15.026s	0.459s	4	1.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	21.767s (-56.7% 🟢)	23.611s (-55.1% 🟢)	1.844s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	22.170s (-57.8% 🟢)	24.330s (-55.4% 🟢)	2.160s	3	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	12.405s (-11.4% 🟢)	13.016s (-10.8% 🟢)	0.612s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	12.512s (-25.4% 🟢)	13.025s (-23.5% 🟢)	0.513s	7	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.555s (-10.1% 🟢)	13.020s (-9.0% 🟢)	0.464s	7	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	12.673s (-23.7% 🟢)	13.170s (-22.7% 🟢)	0.497s	7	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.514s	14.026s	0.512s	7	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.875s	14.162s	0.287s	7	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	29.889s (-75.3% 🟢)	31.918s (-74.2% 🟢)	2.028s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.963s (-92.1% 🟢)	33.325s (-91.6% 🟢)	2.363s	3	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.168s (-7.3% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.839s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.189s (-6.7% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.818s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.213s (-18.5% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.793s	15	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.228s (-24.7% 🟢)	2.006s (-3.3%)	0.778s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.272s	2.008s	0.736s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.310s	2.005s	0.695s	15	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.605s (-8.9% 🟢)	4.437s (-4.0%)	1.833s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.701s (-20.5% 🟢)	4.243s (-14.0% 🟢)	1.542s	8	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.213s (-48.6% 🟢)	2.007s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.794s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.257s (-46.5% 🟢)	2.009s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.752s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.435s	2.008s	0.573s	15	1.18x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.702s	2.005s	0.303s	15	1.40x
💻 Local	Express	1.860s (-37.0% 🟢)	2.150s (-37.7% 🟢)	0.291s	14	1.53x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.911s (-39.2% 🟢)	2.222s (-42.8% 🟢)	0.311s	14	1.58x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.350s (-7.5% 🟢)	5.108s (~)	1.758s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.671s (-48.3% 🟢)	6.307s (-29.2% 🟢)	2.635s	5	1.10x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.319s (-62.2% 🟢)	2.007s (-50.0% 🟢)	0.687s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.413s (-59.4% 🟢)	2.007s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.595s	15	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.775s	2.224s	0.449s	14	1.35x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.577s	5.012s	0.435s	6	3.47x
💻 Local	Express	5.244s (-37.1% 🟢)	5.847s (-35.2% 🟢)	0.603s	6	3.97x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.396s (-35.4% 🟢)	6.213s (-31.1% 🟢)	0.817s	5	4.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	105.877s (+2397.1% 🔺)	110.324s (+1700.6% 🔺)	4.447s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	308.487s (+3360.1% 🔺)	310.186s (+2730.1% 🔺)	1.699s	1	2.91x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.171s (-6.9% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.837s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.182s (-5.9% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.826s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.263s	2.008s	0.745s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.404s	2.006s	0.602s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.558s (-16.5% 🟢)	2.006s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.448s	15	1.33x
💻 Local	Express	1.586s (-16.2% 🟢)	2.006s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.420s	15	1.35x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.402s (-7.0% 🟢)	3.849s (-11.5% 🟢)	1.448s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.493s (-15.0% 🟢)	3.996s (-13.9% 🟢)	1.503s	8	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.274s (-45.6% 🟢)	2.074s (-31.1% 🟢)	0.801s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.288s (-45.0% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.720s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.400s	2.008s	0.608s	15	1.10x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.065s (-32.6% 🟢)	2.591s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.526s	12	1.62x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.121s	2.510s	0.389s	12	1.66x
💻 Local	Express	2.131s (-32.0% 🟢)	2.675s (-28.9% 🟢)	0.544s	12	1.67x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.397s (+6.4% 🔺)	5.075s (+5.9% 🔺)	1.678s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.712s (+18.1% 🔺)	5.507s (+21.8% 🔺)	1.794s	6	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.328s (-62.0% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.680s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.452s (-58.3% 🟢)	2.074s (-48.3% 🟢)	0.622s	15	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.771s	2.471s	0.701s	13	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.005s	5.517s	0.512s	6	3.77x
💻 Local	Express	6.381s (-27.5% 🟢)	6.815s (-26.5% 🟢)	0.434s	5	4.80x
💻 Local	Nitro	6.392s (-30.1% 🟢)	6.816s (-32.0% 🟢)	0.424s	5	4.81x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	66.173s (+879.3% 🔺)	68.299s (+699.4% 🔺)	2.126s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	108.275s (+1587.3% 🔺)	109.980s (+1244.8% 🔺)	1.705s	3	1.64x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.560s (-33.3% 🟢)	1.023s (~)	0.463s	59	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.603s (-38.8% 🟢)	1.005s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.402s	60	1.08x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.615s (-37.3% 🟢)	1.022s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.407s	59	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.623s (-24.1% 🟢)	1.058s (+5.2% 🔺)	0.436s	58	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.843s	1.007s	0.164s	60	1.51x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.850s	1.004s	0.154s	60	1.52x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.076s (-73.3% 🟢)	7.323s (-65.7% 🟢)	2.248s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.313s (-63.4% 🟢)	7.516s (-53.3% 🟢)	2.204s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.342s (-32.1% 🟢)	2.029s (-10.1% 🟢)	0.687s	45	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.346s (-30.1% 🟢)	2.008s (-4.4%)	0.661s	45	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.484s (-51.1% 🟢)	2.006s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.522s	45	1.11x
💻 Local	Express	1.568s (-48.0% 🟢)	2.029s (-43.4% 🟢)	0.461s	45	1.17x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.088s	2.943s	0.855s	31	1.56x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.213s	3.045s	0.832s	30	1.65x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.314s (-61.4% 🟢)	16.008s (-56.5% 🟢)	2.694s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.550s (-70.8% 🟢)	16.412s (-68.3% 🟢)	1.862s	6	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.574s (-35.5% 🟢)	3.033s (-30.6% 🟢)	0.459s	40	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.648s (-35.5% 🟢)	3.009s (-34.6% 🟢)	0.361s	40	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.229s (-65.3% 🟢)	4.009s (-60.0% 🟢)	0.780s	30	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	3.328s (-63.9% 🟢)	4.009s (-60.0% 🟢)	0.681s	30	1.29x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.261s	5.013s	0.752s	24	1.66x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.296s	5.010s	0.714s	24	1.67x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	30.149s (-76.8% 🟢)	31.788s (-75.9% 🟢)	1.639s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	32.110s (-70.0% 🟢)	34.798s (-68.1% 🟢)	2.688s	4	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.200s (-29.1% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.805s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.226s (-20.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.780s	60	1.13x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.291s	1.008s	0.717s	60	1.45x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.446s (-26.3% 🟢)	1.004s (-1.7%)	0.559s	60	2.23x
💻 Local	Express	0.523s (-6.6% 🟢)	1.095s (+9.1% 🔺)	0.572s	55	2.61x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.595s	1.022s	0.427s	59	2.97x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.651s (+35.6% 🔺)	4.521s (+24.3% 🔺)	1.870s	14	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	32.500s (+1506.9% 🔺)	34.864s (+819.0% 🔺)	2.364s	10	12.26x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.311s (-38.9% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.695s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.370s (-25.5% 🟢)	1.018s (+1.1%)	0.648s	89	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.502s	1.006s	0.504s	90	1.61x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.114s (-16.7% 🟢)	2.637s (-12.4% 🟢)	0.524s	35	6.79x
💻 Local	Express	2.115s (-15.8% 🟢)	2.715s (-9.8% 🟢)	0.600s	34	6.80x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.328s	3.076s	0.748s	30	7.48x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	5.812s (+64.4% 🔺)	10.281s (+98.0% 🔺)	4.469s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	308.226s (+10017.3% 🔺)	309.686s (+6342.0% 🔺)	1.460s	1	53.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.594s (-27.5% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.2%)	0.412s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.693s (-12.3% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.313s	120	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.008s	1.748s	0.740s	69	1.70x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.567s (-14.5% 🟢)	10.279s (-11.9% 🟢)	0.712s	12	16.11x
💻 Local	Express	9.765s (-12.7% 🟢)	10.274s (-14.0% 🟢)	0.509s	12	16.44x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.331s	11.301s	0.970s	11	17.40x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	11.538s (+11.7% 🔺)	15.094s (+22.9% 🔺)	3.556s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	13.016s (+75.4% 🔺)	18.531s (+100.5% 🔺)	5.514s	7	1.13x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.157s (+464.2% 🔺)	2.001s (+100.4% 🔺)	0.001s (-25.0% 🟢)	2.009s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.852s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.162s (+466.9% 🔺)	1.998s (+99.9% 🔺)	0.002s (+20.0% 🔺)	2.012s (+98.9% 🔺)	0.849s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.165s (+485.3% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.012s (+1.7%)	2.020s (+98.4% 🔺)	0.854s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.167s (+446.1% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.012s (-6.4% 🟢)	2.019s (+98.2% 🔺)	0.852s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.210s	2.003s	0.011s	2.018s	0.808s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.249s	2.003s	0.001s	2.013s	0.765s	10	1.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.209s (-67.8% 🟢)	3.274s (-62.2% 🟢)	1.704s (+169.7% 🔺)	5.698s (-41.8% 🟢)	3.489s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.299s (-8.2% 🟢)	3.606s (-11.9% 🟢)	1.202s (+25.1% 🔺)	5.334s (-4.6%)	3.035s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.556s (+146.9% 🔺)	2.008s (+99.5% 🔺)	0.003s (-12.1% 🟢)	2.022s (+97.6% 🔺)	0.466s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.588s (+89.3% 🔺)	2.009s (+98.6% 🔺)	0.011s (+17.0% 🔺)	2.022s (+81.2% 🔺)	0.434s	30	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.608s (+157.6% 🔺)	2.007s (+99.3% 🔺)	0.004s (-4.1%)	2.028s (+98.4% 🔺)	0.420s	30	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.800s	2.010s	0.004s	2.026s	0.226s	30	1.16x
💻 Local	Express	2.008s (+165.3% 🔺)	2.010s (+95.3% 🔺)	0.010s (+1.6%)	2.423s (+133.0% 🔺)	0.414s	25	1.29x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.120s	2.008s	0.010s	2.422s	0.302s	25	1.36x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.660s (-13.0% 🟢)	8.452s (+5.5% 🔺)	0.237s (-42.0% 🟢)	9.212s (+4.3%)	3.552s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.049s (-64.2% 🟢)	7.902s (-56.7% 🟢)	0.237s (+12.3% 🔺)	8.625s (-54.4% 🟢)	2.576s	7	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.693s (-27.9% 🟢)	1.051s (-17.7% 🟢)	0.000s (+61.4% 🔺)	1.059s (-18.9% 🟢)	0.366s	57	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.700s (-27.7% 🟢)	1.015s (-18.7% 🟢)	0.000s (-59.3% 🟢)	1.025s (-18.5% 🟢)	0.324s	59	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.856s	1.129s	0.000s	1.138s	0.281s	54	1.24x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.352s (+10.5% 🔺)	2.014s (~)	0.000s (+266.7% 🔺)	2.016s (~)	0.665s	30	1.95x
💻 Local	Express	1.438s (+17.4% 🔺)	2.014s (~)	0.000s (-10.0% 🟢)	2.016s (~)	0.579s	30	2.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.502s	2.013s	0.000s	2.016s	0.514s	30	2.17x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.377s (-9.7% 🟢)	4.775s (-6.4% 🟢)	0.000s (-54.2% 🟢)	5.283s (-4.5%)	1.906s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.993s (-60.8% 🟢)	5.325s (-53.8% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.894s (-51.1% 🟢)	1.901s	11	1.18x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.406s (-20.6% 🟢)	2.104s (-3.4%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.120s (-3.6%)	0.714s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.518s (-15.3% 🟢)	2.178s (+1.7%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.189s (+0.7%)	0.671s	28	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.676s	2.226s	0.000s	2.234s	0.558s	27	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.003s	3.556s	0.001s	3.561s	0.557s	17	2.14x
💻 Local	Express	3.128s (-9.8% 🟢)	3.668s (-9.1% 🟢)	0.000s (-41.2% 🟢)	3.679s (-8.8% 🟢)	0.552s	17	2.22x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.136s (-7.4% 🟢)	3.833s (-4.9%)	0.001s (+75.8% 🔺)	3.841s (-4.8%)	0.705s	16	2.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	49.669s (+784.3% 🔺)	52.156s (+647.0% 🔺)	0.000s (+14.3% 🔺)	54.191s (+618.7% 🔺)	4.522s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	11/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	20/21
▲ Vercel	Express	15/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	17/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	14/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	14/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[pranaygp]

Reviewed the forward-port against stable #2171 and re-checked the replay ordering paths on this branch. I did not find any new main-branch issues beyond the already-documented non-blocking test cleanup note on the stable source PR.

[github-actions]

No backport to stable for 0fd0891 (AI decision).

This commit is explicitly a forward-port from stable to main of PR #2171, which is already present on stable (commit 38c67a7f). Backporting would be a no-op or cause conflicts with the change that already exists there.

To override, re-run the Backport to stable workflow manually via workflow_dispatch and paste this commit SHA into the ref input:

0fd0891cc4acab6d84610d3603f3cb90a33f29b0

[VaguelySerious]

Forward-port of #2171 from `stable` to `main` (cherry-pick of merge commit `38c67a7`, applied with no conflicts).

Summary

Fixes a replay divergence where a buffered hook payload races a concurrent `sleep`, and `sleep` can win a `Promise.race` that the committed event log says the hook won — surfacing as `CorruptedEventLogError` on replay.

Branch-deciding deliveries (buffered hook payloads and wait completions) are now handed to the workflow in strict event-log order — anchored on event position rather than microtask-resolution timing — so the committed branch wins deterministically, independent of decryption/hydration time or `Promise.race` argument order.

See #2171 for full root-cause analysis and fix details.

Validation

• Cherry-picked the squashed merge commit onto `main`; clean auto-merge, diff identical to the original PR.
• `@workflow/core` typecheck: clean.
• Affected tests (hook-sleep-interaction, async-deserialization-ordering, sleep, step): 87/87 pass.
• Remaining `e2e/` failures in the full suite are pre-existing on clean `main` (require a full build setup) and unrelated to these runtime changes.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 noreply@anthropic.com

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 63a12a8

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production	1264	2	219	1485
✅ 💻 Local Development	1671	0	219	1890
✅ 📦 Local Production	1671	0	219	1890
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1671	0	219	1890
✅ 🪟 Windows	135	0	0	135
✅ 📋 Other	769	0	176	945
Total	7181	2	1052	8235

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (2 failed)

hono (1 failed):

• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KSYP28WNWYSMQBHT1E6R1PBM | 🔍 observability

nuxt (1 failed):

• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KSYP28WNWYSMQBHT1E6R1PBM | 🔍 observability

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	109	0	26
✅ example	109	0	26
✅ express	109	0	26
✅ fastify	109	0	26
❌ hono	108	1	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	133	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	133	0	2
✅ nitro	109	0	26
❌ nuxt	108	1	26
✅ sveltekit	128	0	7
✅ vite	109	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	110	0	25
✅ express-stable	110	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	110	0	25
✅ hono-stable	110	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	110	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	110	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	129	0	6
✅ vite-stable	110	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	110	0	25
✅ express-stable	110	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	110	0	25
✅ hono-stable	110	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	110	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	110	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	129	0	6
✅ vite-stable	110	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	110	0	25
✅ express-stable	110	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	110	0	25
✅ hono-stable	110	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	110	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	110	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	129	0	6
✅ vite-stable	110	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	135	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	110	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	109	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: failure
• Local Dev: success
• Local Prod: success
• Local Postgres: success
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.040s (-6.3% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.965s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.043s (-2.9%)	1.006s (~)	0.963s	10	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.053s (-9.3% 🟢)	1.010s (~)	0.957s	10	1.30x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.058s	1.005s	0.947s	10	1.43x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.063s (-33.6% 🟢)	1.013s (-2.9%)	0.950s	10	1.56x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.068s	1.012s	0.944s	10	1.69x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.299s (+26.9% 🔺)	2.326s (+8.9% 🔺)	2.027s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.301s (+19.5% 🔺)	2.352s (+0.8%)	2.052s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.095s (-3.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.911s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.101s (-2.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.905s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.105s (-3.0%)	2.010s (~)	0.905s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.107s (-3.5%)	2.009s (~)	0.903s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.132s	2.006s	0.874s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.139s	2.010s	0.871s	10	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.725s (-8.0% 🟢)	6.340s (+66.5% 🔺)	4.615s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.754s (-13.8% 🟢)	6.069s (+58.4% 🔺)	4.315s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.530s (-3.6%)	11.023s (~)	0.493s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.534s (-3.8%)	11.023s (~)	0.489s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.550s (-3.8%)	11.018s (~)	0.469s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.559s (-2.9%)	11.018s (~)	0.460s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.815s	11.021s	0.206s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.877s	11.019s	0.141s	3	1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	14.127s (-18.4% 🟢)	15.554s (-19.8% 🟢)	1.427s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	14.338s (-15.6% 🟢)	16.215s (-19.0% 🟢)	1.878s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	13.736s (-8.2% 🟢)	14.027s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.291s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.739s (-8.8% 🟢)	14.026s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.287s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.827s (-5.2% 🟢)	14.016s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.190s	5	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.863s (-5.0% 🟢)	14.020s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.157s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.434s	15.029s	0.595s	4	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.567s	15.026s	0.459s	4	1.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	21.767s (-56.7% 🟢)	23.611s (-55.1% 🟢)	1.844s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	22.170s (-57.8% 🟢)	24.330s (-55.4% 🟢)	2.160s	3	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	12.405s (-11.4% 🟢)	13.016s (-10.8% 🟢)	0.612s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	12.512s (-25.4% 🟢)	13.025s (-23.5% 🟢)	0.513s	7	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.555s (-10.1% 🟢)	13.020s (-9.0% 🟢)	0.464s	7	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	12.673s (-23.7% 🟢)	13.170s (-22.7% 🟢)	0.497s	7	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.514s	14.026s	0.512s	7	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.875s	14.162s	0.287s	7	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	29.889s (-75.3% 🟢)	31.918s (-74.2% 🟢)	2.028s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.963s (-92.1% 🟢)	33.325s (-91.6% 🟢)	2.363s	3	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.168s (-7.3% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.839s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.189s (-6.7% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.818s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.213s (-18.5% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.793s	15	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.228s (-24.7% 🟢)	2.006s (-3.3%)	0.778s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.272s	2.008s	0.736s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.310s	2.005s	0.695s	15	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.605s (-8.9% 🟢)	4.437s (-4.0%)	1.833s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.701s (-20.5% 🟢)	4.243s (-14.0% 🟢)	1.542s	8	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.213s (-48.6% 🟢)	2.007s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.794s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.257s (-46.5% 🟢)	2.009s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.752s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.435s	2.008s	0.573s	15	1.18x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.702s	2.005s	0.303s	15	1.40x
💻 Local	Express	1.860s (-37.0% 🟢)	2.150s (-37.7% 🟢)	0.291s	14	1.53x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.911s (-39.2% 🟢)	2.222s (-42.8% 🟢)	0.311s	14	1.58x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.350s (-7.5% 🟢)	5.108s (~)	1.758s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.671s (-48.3% 🟢)	6.307s (-29.2% 🟢)	2.635s	5	1.10x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.319s (-62.2% 🟢)	2.007s (-50.0% 🟢)	0.687s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.413s (-59.4% 🟢)	2.007s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.595s	15	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.775s	2.224s	0.449s	14	1.35x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.577s	5.012s	0.435s	6	3.47x
💻 Local	Express	5.244s (-37.1% 🟢)	5.847s (-35.2% 🟢)	0.603s	6	3.97x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.396s (-35.4% 🟢)	6.213s (-31.1% 🟢)	0.817s	5	4.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	105.877s (+2397.1% 🔺)	110.324s (+1700.6% 🔺)	4.447s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	308.487s (+3360.1% 🔺)	310.186s (+2730.1% 🔺)	1.699s	1	2.91x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.171s (-6.9% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.837s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.182s (-5.9% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.826s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.263s	2.008s	0.745s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.404s	2.006s	0.602s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.558s (-16.5% 🟢)	2.006s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.448s	15	1.33x
💻 Local	Express	1.586s (-16.2% 🟢)	2.006s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.420s	15	1.35x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.402s (-7.0% 🟢)	3.849s (-11.5% 🟢)	1.448s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.493s (-15.0% 🟢)	3.996s (-13.9% 🟢)	1.503s	8	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.274s (-45.6% 🟢)	2.074s (-31.1% 🟢)	0.801s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.288s (-45.0% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.720s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.400s	2.008s	0.608s	15	1.10x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.065s (-32.6% 🟢)	2.591s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.526s	12	1.62x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.121s	2.510s	0.389s	12	1.66x
💻 Local	Express	2.131s (-32.0% 🟢)	2.675s (-28.9% 🟢)	0.544s	12	1.67x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.397s (+6.4% 🔺)	5.075s (+5.9% 🔺)	1.678s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.712s (+18.1% 🔺)	5.507s (+21.8% 🔺)	1.794s	6	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.328s (-62.0% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.680s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.452s (-58.3% 🟢)	2.074s (-48.3% 🟢)	0.622s	15	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.771s	2.471s	0.701s	13	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.005s	5.517s	0.512s	6	3.77x
💻 Local	Express	6.381s (-27.5% 🟢)	6.815s (-26.5% 🟢)	0.434s	5	4.80x
💻 Local	Nitro	6.392s (-30.1% 🟢)	6.816s (-32.0% 🟢)	0.424s	5	4.81x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	66.173s (+879.3% 🔺)	68.299s (+699.4% 🔺)	2.126s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	108.275s (+1587.3% 🔺)	109.980s (+1244.8% 🔺)	1.705s	3	1.64x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.560s (-33.3% 🟢)	1.023s (~)	0.463s	59	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.603s (-38.8% 🟢)	1.005s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.402s	60	1.08x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.615s (-37.3% 🟢)	1.022s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.407s	59	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.623s (-24.1% 🟢)	1.058s (+5.2% 🔺)	0.436s	58	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.843s	1.007s	0.164s	60	1.51x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.850s	1.004s	0.154s	60	1.52x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.076s (-73.3% 🟢)	7.323s (-65.7% 🟢)	2.248s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.313s (-63.4% 🟢)	7.516s (-53.3% 🟢)	2.204s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.342s (-32.1% 🟢)	2.029s (-10.1% 🟢)	0.687s	45	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.346s (-30.1% 🟢)	2.008s (-4.4%)	0.661s	45	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.484s (-51.1% 🟢)	2.006s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.522s	45	1.11x
💻 Local	Express	1.568s (-48.0% 🟢)	2.029s (-43.4% 🟢)	0.461s	45	1.17x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.088s	2.943s	0.855s	31	1.56x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.213s	3.045s	0.832s	30	1.65x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.314s (-61.4% 🟢)	16.008s (-56.5% 🟢)	2.694s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.550s (-70.8% 🟢)	16.412s (-68.3% 🟢)	1.862s	6	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.574s (-35.5% 🟢)	3.033s (-30.6% 🟢)	0.459s	40	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.648s (-35.5% 🟢)	3.009s (-34.6% 🟢)	0.361s	40	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.229s (-65.3% 🟢)	4.009s (-60.0% 🟢)	0.780s	30	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	3.328s (-63.9% 🟢)	4.009s (-60.0% 🟢)	0.681s	30	1.29x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.261s	5.013s	0.752s	24	1.66x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.296s	5.010s	0.714s	24	1.67x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	30.149s (-76.8% 🟢)	31.788s (-75.9% 🟢)	1.639s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	32.110s (-70.0% 🟢)	34.798s (-68.1% 🟢)	2.688s	4	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.200s (-29.1% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.805s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.226s (-20.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.780s	60	1.13x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.291s	1.008s	0.717s	60	1.45x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.446s (-26.3% 🟢)	1.004s (-1.7%)	0.559s	60	2.23x
💻 Local	Express	0.523s (-6.6% 🟢)	1.095s (+9.1% 🔺)	0.572s	55	2.61x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.595s	1.022s	0.427s	59	2.97x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.651s (+35.6% 🔺)	4.521s (+24.3% 🔺)	1.870s	14	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	32.500s (+1506.9% 🔺)	34.864s (+819.0% 🔺)	2.364s	10	12.26x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.311s (-38.9% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.695s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.370s (-25.5% 🟢)	1.018s (+1.1%)	0.648s	89	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.502s	1.006s	0.504s	90	1.61x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.114s (-16.7% 🟢)	2.637s (-12.4% 🟢)	0.524s	35	6.79x
💻 Local	Express	2.115s (-15.8% 🟢)	2.715s (-9.8% 🟢)	0.600s	34	6.80x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.328s	3.076s	0.748s	30	7.48x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	5.812s (+64.4% 🔺)	10.281s (+98.0% 🔺)	4.469s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	308.226s (+10017.3% 🔺)	309.686s (+6342.0% 🔺)	1.460s	1	53.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.594s (-27.5% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.2%)	0.412s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.693s (-12.3% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.313s	120	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.008s	1.748s	0.740s	69	1.70x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.567s (-14.5% 🟢)	10.279s (-11.9% 🟢)	0.712s	12	16.11x
💻 Local	Express	9.765s (-12.7% 🟢)	10.274s (-14.0% 🟢)	0.509s	12	16.44x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.331s	11.301s	0.970s	11	17.40x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	11.538s (+11.7% 🔺)	15.094s (+22.9% 🔺)	3.556s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	13.016s (+75.4% 🔺)	18.531s (+100.5% 🔺)	5.514s	7	1.13x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.157s (+464.2% 🔺)	2.001s (+100.4% 🔺)	0.001s (-25.0% 🟢)	2.009s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.852s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.162s (+466.9% 🔺)	1.998s (+99.9% 🔺)	0.002s (+20.0% 🔺)	2.012s (+98.9% 🔺)	0.849s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.165s (+485.3% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.012s (+1.7%)	2.020s (+98.4% 🔺)	0.854s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.167s (+446.1% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.012s (-6.4% 🟢)	2.019s (+98.2% 🔺)	0.852s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.210s	2.003s	0.011s	2.018s	0.808s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.249s	2.003s	0.001s	2.013s	0.765s	10	1.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.209s (-67.8% 🟢)	3.274s (-62.2% 🟢)	1.704s (+169.7% 🔺)	5.698s (-41.8% 🟢)	3.489s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.299s (-8.2% 🟢)	3.606s (-11.9% 🟢)	1.202s (+25.1% 🔺)	5.334s (-4.6%)	3.035s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.556s (+146.9% 🔺)	2.008s (+99.5% 🔺)	0.003s (-12.1% 🟢)	2.022s (+97.6% 🔺)	0.466s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.588s (+89.3% 🔺)	2.009s (+98.6% 🔺)	0.011s (+17.0% 🔺)	2.022s (+81.2% 🔺)	0.434s	30	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.608s (+157.6% 🔺)	2.007s (+99.3% 🔺)	0.004s (-4.1%)	2.028s (+98.4% 🔺)	0.420s	30	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.800s	2.010s	0.004s	2.026s	0.226s	30	1.16x
💻 Local	Express	2.008s (+165.3% 🔺)	2.010s (+95.3% 🔺)	0.010s (+1.6%)	2.423s (+133.0% 🔺)	0.414s	25	1.29x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.120s	2.008s	0.010s	2.422s	0.302s	25	1.36x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.660s (-13.0% 🟢)	8.452s (+5.5% 🔺)	0.237s (-42.0% 🟢)	9.212s (+4.3%)	3.552s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.049s (-64.2% 🟢)	7.902s (-56.7% 🟢)	0.237s (+12.3% 🔺)	8.625s (-54.4% 🟢)	2.576s	7	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.693s (-27.9% 🟢)	1.051s (-17.7% 🟢)	0.000s (+61.4% 🔺)	1.059s (-18.9% 🟢)	0.366s	57	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.700s (-27.7% 🟢)	1.015s (-18.7% 🟢)	0.000s (-59.3% 🟢)	1.025s (-18.5% 🟢)	0.324s	59	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.856s	1.129s	0.000s	1.138s	0.281s	54	1.24x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.352s (+10.5% 🔺)	2.014s (~)	0.000s (+266.7% 🔺)	2.016s (~)	0.665s	30	1.95x
💻 Local	Express	1.438s (+17.4% 🔺)	2.014s (~)	0.000s (-10.0% 🟢)	2.016s (~)	0.579s	30	2.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.502s	2.013s	0.000s	2.016s	0.514s	30	2.17x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.377s (-9.7% 🟢)	4.775s (-6.4% 🟢)	0.000s (-54.2% 🟢)	5.283s (-4.5%)	1.906s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.993s (-60.8% 🟢)	5.325s (-53.8% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.894s (-51.1% 🟢)	1.901s	11	1.18x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.406s (-20.6% 🟢)	2.104s (-3.4%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.120s (-3.6%)	0.714s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.518s (-15.3% 🟢)	2.178s (+1.7%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.189s (+0.7%)	0.671s	28	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.676s	2.226s	0.000s	2.234s	0.558s	27	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.003s	3.556s	0.001s	3.561s	0.557s	17	2.14x
💻 Local	Express	3.128s (-9.8% 🟢)	3.668s (-9.1% 🟢)	0.000s (-41.2% 🟢)	3.679s (-8.8% 🟢)	0.552s	17	2.22x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.136s (-7.4% 🟢)	3.833s (-4.9%)	0.001s (+75.8% 🔺)	3.841s (-4.8%)	0.705s	16	2.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	49.669s (+784.3% 🔺)	52.156s (+647.0% 🔺)	0.000s (+14.3% 🔺)	54.191s (+618.7% 🔺)	4.522s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	11/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	20/21
▲ Vercel	Express	15/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	17/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	14/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	14/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[pranaygp]

Reviewed the forward-port against stable #2171 and re-checked the replay ordering paths on this branch. I did not find any new main-branch issues beyond the already-documented non-blocking test cleanup note on the stable source PR.

[github-actions]

No backport to stable for 0fd0891 (AI decision).

This commit is explicitly a forward-port from stable to main of PR #2171, which is already present on stable (commit 38c67a7f). Backporting would be a no-op or cause conflicts with the change that already exists there.

To override, re-run the Backport to stable workflow manually via workflow_dispatch and paste this commit SHA into the ref input:

0fd0891cc4acab6d84610d3603f3cb90a33f29b0

[VaguelySerious]

Forward-port of #2171 from `stable` to `main` (cherry-pick of merge commit `38c67a7`, applied with no conflicts).

Summary

Fixes a replay divergence where a buffered hook payload races a concurrent `sleep`, and `sleep` can win a `Promise.race` that the committed event log says the hook won — surfacing as `CorruptedEventLogError` on replay.

Branch-deciding deliveries (buffered hook payloads and wait completions) are now handed to the workflow in strict event-log order — anchored on event position rather than microtask-resolution timing — so the committed branch wins deterministically, independent of decryption/hydration time or `Promise.race` argument order.

See #2171 for full root-cause analysis and fix details.

Validation

• Cherry-picked the squashed merge commit onto `main`; clean auto-merge, diff identical to the original PR.
• `@workflow/core` typecheck: clean.
• Affected tests (hook-sleep-interaction, async-deserialization-ordering, sleep, step): 87/87 pass.
• Remaining `e2e/` failures in the full suite are pre-existing on clean `main` (require a full build setup) and unrelated to these runtime changes.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 noreply@anthropic.com

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 63a12a8

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
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[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production	1264	2	219	1485
✅ 💻 Local Development	1671	0	219	1890
✅ 📦 Local Production	1671	0	219	1890
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1671	0	219	1890
✅ 🪟 Windows	135	0	0	135
✅ 📋 Other	769	0	176	945
Total	7181	2	1052	8235

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (2 failed)

hono (1 failed):

• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KSYP28WNWYSMQBHT1E6R1PBM | 🔍 observability

nuxt (1 failed):

• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KSYP28WNWYSMQBHT1E6R1PBM | 🔍 observability

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	109	0	26
✅ example	109	0	26
✅ express	109	0	26
✅ fastify	109	0	26
❌ hono	108	1	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	133	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	133	0	2
✅ nitro	109	0	26
❌ nuxt	108	1	26
✅ sveltekit	128	0	7
✅ vite	109	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	110	0	25
✅ express-stable	110	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	110	0	25
✅ hono-stable	110	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	110	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	110	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	129	0	6
✅ vite-stable	110	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	110	0	25
✅ express-stable	110	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	110	0	25
✅ hono-stable	110	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	110	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	110	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	129	0	6
✅ vite-stable	110	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	110	0	25
✅ express-stable	110	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	110	0	25
✅ hono-stable	110	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	110	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	110	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	129	0	6
✅ vite-stable	110	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	135	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	110	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	109	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: failure
• Local Dev: success
• Local Prod: success
• Local Postgres: success
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.040s (-6.3% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.965s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.043s (-2.9%)	1.006s (~)	0.963s	10	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.053s (-9.3% 🟢)	1.010s (~)	0.957s	10	1.30x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.058s	1.005s	0.947s	10	1.43x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.063s (-33.6% 🟢)	1.013s (-2.9%)	0.950s	10	1.56x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.068s	1.012s	0.944s	10	1.69x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.299s (+26.9% 🔺)	2.326s (+8.9% 🔺)	2.027s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.301s (+19.5% 🔺)	2.352s (+0.8%)	2.052s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.095s (-3.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.911s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.101s (-2.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.905s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.105s (-3.0%)	2.010s (~)	0.905s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.107s (-3.5%)	2.009s (~)	0.903s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.132s	2.006s	0.874s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.139s	2.010s	0.871s	10	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.725s (-8.0% 🟢)	6.340s (+66.5% 🔺)	4.615s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.754s (-13.8% 🟢)	6.069s (+58.4% 🔺)	4.315s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.530s (-3.6%)	11.023s (~)	0.493s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.534s (-3.8%)	11.023s (~)	0.489s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.550s (-3.8%)	11.018s (~)	0.469s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.559s (-2.9%)	11.018s (~)	0.460s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.815s	11.021s	0.206s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.877s	11.019s	0.141s	3	1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	14.127s (-18.4% 🟢)	15.554s (-19.8% 🟢)	1.427s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	14.338s (-15.6% 🟢)	16.215s (-19.0% 🟢)	1.878s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	13.736s (-8.2% 🟢)	14.027s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.291s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.739s (-8.8% 🟢)	14.026s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.287s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.827s (-5.2% 🟢)	14.016s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.190s	5	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.863s (-5.0% 🟢)	14.020s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.157s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.434s	15.029s	0.595s	4	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.567s	15.026s	0.459s	4	1.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	21.767s (-56.7% 🟢)	23.611s (-55.1% 🟢)	1.844s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	22.170s (-57.8% 🟢)	24.330s (-55.4% 🟢)	2.160s	3	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	12.405s (-11.4% 🟢)	13.016s (-10.8% 🟢)	0.612s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	12.512s (-25.4% 🟢)	13.025s (-23.5% 🟢)	0.513s	7	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.555s (-10.1% 🟢)	13.020s (-9.0% 🟢)	0.464s	7	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	12.673s (-23.7% 🟢)	13.170s (-22.7% 🟢)	0.497s	7	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.514s	14.026s	0.512s	7	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.875s	14.162s	0.287s	7	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	29.889s (-75.3% 🟢)	31.918s (-74.2% 🟢)	2.028s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.963s (-92.1% 🟢)	33.325s (-91.6% 🟢)	2.363s	3	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.168s (-7.3% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.839s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.189s (-6.7% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.818s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.213s (-18.5% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.793s	15	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.228s (-24.7% 🟢)	2.006s (-3.3%)	0.778s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.272s	2.008s	0.736s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.310s	2.005s	0.695s	15	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.605s (-8.9% 🟢)	4.437s (-4.0%)	1.833s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.701s (-20.5% 🟢)	4.243s (-14.0% 🟢)	1.542s	8	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.213s (-48.6% 🟢)	2.007s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.794s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.257s (-46.5% 🟢)	2.009s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.752s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.435s	2.008s	0.573s	15	1.18x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.702s	2.005s	0.303s	15	1.40x
💻 Local	Express	1.860s (-37.0% 🟢)	2.150s (-37.7% 🟢)	0.291s	14	1.53x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.911s (-39.2% 🟢)	2.222s (-42.8% 🟢)	0.311s	14	1.58x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.350s (-7.5% 🟢)	5.108s (~)	1.758s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.671s (-48.3% 🟢)	6.307s (-29.2% 🟢)	2.635s	5	1.10x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.319s (-62.2% 🟢)	2.007s (-50.0% 🟢)	0.687s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.413s (-59.4% 🟢)	2.007s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.595s	15	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.775s	2.224s	0.449s	14	1.35x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.577s	5.012s	0.435s	6	3.47x
💻 Local	Express	5.244s (-37.1% 🟢)	5.847s (-35.2% 🟢)	0.603s	6	3.97x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.396s (-35.4% 🟢)	6.213s (-31.1% 🟢)	0.817s	5	4.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	105.877s (+2397.1% 🔺)	110.324s (+1700.6% 🔺)	4.447s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	308.487s (+3360.1% 🔺)	310.186s (+2730.1% 🔺)	1.699s	1	2.91x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.171s (-6.9% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.837s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.182s (-5.9% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.826s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.263s	2.008s	0.745s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.404s	2.006s	0.602s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.558s (-16.5% 🟢)	2.006s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.448s	15	1.33x
💻 Local	Express	1.586s (-16.2% 🟢)	2.006s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.420s	15	1.35x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.402s (-7.0% 🟢)	3.849s (-11.5% 🟢)	1.448s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.493s (-15.0% 🟢)	3.996s (-13.9% 🟢)	1.503s	8	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.274s (-45.6% 🟢)	2.074s (-31.1% 🟢)	0.801s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.288s (-45.0% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.720s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.400s	2.008s	0.608s	15	1.10x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.065s (-32.6% 🟢)	2.591s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.526s	12	1.62x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.121s	2.510s	0.389s	12	1.66x
💻 Local	Express	2.131s (-32.0% 🟢)	2.675s (-28.9% 🟢)	0.544s	12	1.67x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.397s (+6.4% 🔺)	5.075s (+5.9% 🔺)	1.678s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.712s (+18.1% 🔺)	5.507s (+21.8% 🔺)	1.794s	6	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.328s (-62.0% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.680s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.452s (-58.3% 🟢)	2.074s (-48.3% 🟢)	0.622s	15	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.771s	2.471s	0.701s	13	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.005s	5.517s	0.512s	6	3.77x
💻 Local	Express	6.381s (-27.5% 🟢)	6.815s (-26.5% 🟢)	0.434s	5	4.80x
💻 Local	Nitro	6.392s (-30.1% 🟢)	6.816s (-32.0% 🟢)	0.424s	5	4.81x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	66.173s (+879.3% 🔺)	68.299s (+699.4% 🔺)	2.126s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	108.275s (+1587.3% 🔺)	109.980s (+1244.8% 🔺)	1.705s	3	1.64x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.560s (-33.3% 🟢)	1.023s (~)	0.463s	59	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.603s (-38.8% 🟢)	1.005s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.402s	60	1.08x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.615s (-37.3% 🟢)	1.022s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.407s	59	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.623s (-24.1% 🟢)	1.058s (+5.2% 🔺)	0.436s	58	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.843s	1.007s	0.164s	60	1.51x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.850s	1.004s	0.154s	60	1.52x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.076s (-73.3% 🟢)	7.323s (-65.7% 🟢)	2.248s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.313s (-63.4% 🟢)	7.516s (-53.3% 🟢)	2.204s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.342s (-32.1% 🟢)	2.029s (-10.1% 🟢)	0.687s	45	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.346s (-30.1% 🟢)	2.008s (-4.4%)	0.661s	45	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.484s (-51.1% 🟢)	2.006s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.522s	45	1.11x
💻 Local	Express	1.568s (-48.0% 🟢)	2.029s (-43.4% 🟢)	0.461s	45	1.17x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.088s	2.943s	0.855s	31	1.56x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.213s	3.045s	0.832s	30	1.65x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.314s (-61.4% 🟢)	16.008s (-56.5% 🟢)	2.694s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.550s (-70.8% 🟢)	16.412s (-68.3% 🟢)	1.862s	6	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.574s (-35.5% 🟢)	3.033s (-30.6% 🟢)	0.459s	40	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.648s (-35.5% 🟢)	3.009s (-34.6% 🟢)	0.361s	40	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.229s (-65.3% 🟢)	4.009s (-60.0% 🟢)	0.780s	30	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	3.328s (-63.9% 🟢)	4.009s (-60.0% 🟢)	0.681s	30	1.29x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.261s	5.013s	0.752s	24	1.66x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.296s	5.010s	0.714s	24	1.67x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	30.149s (-76.8% 🟢)	31.788s (-75.9% 🟢)	1.639s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	32.110s (-70.0% 🟢)	34.798s (-68.1% 🟢)	2.688s	4	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.200s (-29.1% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.805s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.226s (-20.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.780s	60	1.13x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.291s	1.008s	0.717s	60	1.45x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.446s (-26.3% 🟢)	1.004s (-1.7%)	0.559s	60	2.23x
💻 Local	Express	0.523s (-6.6% 🟢)	1.095s (+9.1% 🔺)	0.572s	55	2.61x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.595s	1.022s	0.427s	59	2.97x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.651s (+35.6% 🔺)	4.521s (+24.3% 🔺)	1.870s	14	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	32.500s (+1506.9% 🔺)	34.864s (+819.0% 🔺)	2.364s	10	12.26x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.311s (-38.9% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.695s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.370s (-25.5% 🟢)	1.018s (+1.1%)	0.648s	89	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.502s	1.006s	0.504s	90	1.61x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.114s (-16.7% 🟢)	2.637s (-12.4% 🟢)	0.524s	35	6.79x
💻 Local	Express	2.115s (-15.8% 🟢)	2.715s (-9.8% 🟢)	0.600s	34	6.80x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.328s	3.076s	0.748s	30	7.48x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	5.812s (+64.4% 🔺)	10.281s (+98.0% 🔺)	4.469s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	308.226s (+10017.3% 🔺)	309.686s (+6342.0% 🔺)	1.460s	1	53.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.594s (-27.5% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.2%)	0.412s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.693s (-12.3% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.313s	120	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.008s	1.748s	0.740s	69	1.70x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.567s (-14.5% 🟢)	10.279s (-11.9% 🟢)	0.712s	12	16.11x
💻 Local	Express	9.765s (-12.7% 🟢)	10.274s (-14.0% 🟢)	0.509s	12	16.44x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.331s	11.301s	0.970s	11	17.40x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	11.538s (+11.7% 🔺)	15.094s (+22.9% 🔺)	3.556s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	13.016s (+75.4% 🔺)	18.531s (+100.5% 🔺)	5.514s	7	1.13x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.157s (+464.2% 🔺)	2.001s (+100.4% 🔺)	0.001s (-25.0% 🟢)	2.009s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.852s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.162s (+466.9% 🔺)	1.998s (+99.9% 🔺)	0.002s (+20.0% 🔺)	2.012s (+98.9% 🔺)	0.849s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.165s (+485.3% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.012s (+1.7%)	2.020s (+98.4% 🔺)	0.854s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.167s (+446.1% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.012s (-6.4% 🟢)	2.019s (+98.2% 🔺)	0.852s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.210s	2.003s	0.011s	2.018s	0.808s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.249s	2.003s	0.001s	2.013s	0.765s	10	1.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.209s (-67.8% 🟢)	3.274s (-62.2% 🟢)	1.704s (+169.7% 🔺)	5.698s (-41.8% 🟢)	3.489s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.299s (-8.2% 🟢)	3.606s (-11.9% 🟢)	1.202s (+25.1% 🔺)	5.334s (-4.6%)	3.035s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.556s (+146.9% 🔺)	2.008s (+99.5% 🔺)	0.003s (-12.1% 🟢)	2.022s (+97.6% 🔺)	0.466s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.588s (+89.3% 🔺)	2.009s (+98.6% 🔺)	0.011s (+17.0% 🔺)	2.022s (+81.2% 🔺)	0.434s	30	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.608s (+157.6% 🔺)	2.007s (+99.3% 🔺)	0.004s (-4.1%)	2.028s (+98.4% 🔺)	0.420s	30	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.800s	2.010s	0.004s	2.026s	0.226s	30	1.16x
💻 Local	Express	2.008s (+165.3% 🔺)	2.010s (+95.3% 🔺)	0.010s (+1.6%)	2.423s (+133.0% 🔺)	0.414s	25	1.29x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.120s	2.008s	0.010s	2.422s	0.302s	25	1.36x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.660s (-13.0% 🟢)	8.452s (+5.5% 🔺)	0.237s (-42.0% 🟢)	9.212s (+4.3%)	3.552s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.049s (-64.2% 🟢)	7.902s (-56.7% 🟢)	0.237s (+12.3% 🔺)	8.625s (-54.4% 🟢)	2.576s	7	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.693s (-27.9% 🟢)	1.051s (-17.7% 🟢)	0.000s (+61.4% 🔺)	1.059s (-18.9% 🟢)	0.366s	57	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.700s (-27.7% 🟢)	1.015s (-18.7% 🟢)	0.000s (-59.3% 🟢)	1.025s (-18.5% 🟢)	0.324s	59	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.856s	1.129s	0.000s	1.138s	0.281s	54	1.24x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.352s (+10.5% 🔺)	2.014s (~)	0.000s (+266.7% 🔺)	2.016s (~)	0.665s	30	1.95x
💻 Local	Express	1.438s (+17.4% 🔺)	2.014s (~)	0.000s (-10.0% 🟢)	2.016s (~)	0.579s	30	2.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.502s	2.013s	0.000s	2.016s	0.514s	30	2.17x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.377s (-9.7% 🟢)	4.775s (-6.4% 🟢)	0.000s (-54.2% 🟢)	5.283s (-4.5%)	1.906s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.993s (-60.8% 🟢)	5.325s (-53.8% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.894s (-51.1% 🟢)	1.901s	11	1.18x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.406s (-20.6% 🟢)	2.104s (-3.4%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.120s (-3.6%)	0.714s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.518s (-15.3% 🟢)	2.178s (+1.7%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.189s (+0.7%)	0.671s	28	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.676s	2.226s	0.000s	2.234s	0.558s	27	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.003s	3.556s	0.001s	3.561s	0.557s	17	2.14x
💻 Local	Express	3.128s (-9.8% 🟢)	3.668s (-9.1% 🟢)	0.000s (-41.2% 🟢)	3.679s (-8.8% 🟢)	0.552s	17	2.22x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.136s (-7.4% 🟢)	3.833s (-4.9%)	0.001s (+75.8% 🔺)	3.841s (-4.8%)	0.705s	16	2.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	49.669s (+784.3% 🔺)	52.156s (+647.0% 🔺)	0.000s (+14.3% 🔺)	54.191s (+618.7% 🔺)	4.522s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	11/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	20/21
▲ Vercel	Express	15/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	17/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	14/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	14/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[pranaygp]

Reviewed the forward-port against stable #2171 and re-checked the replay ordering paths on this branch. I did not find any new main-branch issues beyond the already-documented non-blocking test cleanup note on the stable source PR.

[github-actions]

No backport to stable for 0fd0891 (AI decision).

This commit is explicitly a forward-port from stable to main of PR #2171, which is already present on stable (commit 38c67a7f). Backporting would be a no-op or cause conflicts with the change that already exists there.

To override, re-run the Backport to stable workflow manually via workflow_dispatch and paste this commit SHA into the ref input:

0fd0891cc4acab6d84610d3603f3cb90a33f29b0

[VaguelySerious]

Forward-port of #2171 from `stable` to `main` (cherry-pick of merge commit `38c67a7`, applied with no conflicts).

Summary

Fixes a replay divergence where a buffered hook payload races a concurrent `sleep`, and `sleep` can win a `Promise.race` that the committed event log says the hook won — surfacing as `CorruptedEventLogError` on replay.

Branch-deciding deliveries (buffered hook payloads and wait completions) are now handed to the workflow in strict event-log order — anchored on event position rather than microtask-resolution timing — so the committed branch wins deterministically, independent of decryption/hydration time or `Promise.race` argument order.

See #2171 for full root-cause analysis and fix details.

Validation

• Cherry-picked the squashed merge commit onto `main`; clean auto-merge, diff identical to the original PR.
• `@workflow/core` typecheck: clean.
• Affected tests (hook-sleep-interaction, async-deserialization-ordering, sleep, step): 87/87 pass.
• Remaining `e2e/` failures in the full suite are pre-existing on clean `main` (require a full build setup) and unrelated to these runtime changes.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 noreply@anthropic.com

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 63a12a8

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production	1264	2	219	1485
✅ 💻 Local Development	1671	0	219	1890
✅ 📦 Local Production	1671	0	219	1890
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1671	0	219	1890
✅ 🪟 Windows	135	0	0	135
✅ 📋 Other	769	0	176	945
Total	7181	2	1052	8235

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (2 failed)

hono (1 failed):

• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KSYP28WNWYSMQBHT1E6R1PBM | 🔍 observability

nuxt (1 failed):

• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KSYP28WNWYSMQBHT1E6R1PBM | 🔍 observability

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	109	0	26
✅ example	109	0	26
✅ express	109	0	26
✅ fastify	109	0	26
❌ hono	108	1	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	133	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	133	0	2
✅ nitro	109	0	26
❌ nuxt	108	1	26
✅ sveltekit	128	0	7
✅ vite	109	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	110	0	25
✅ express-stable	110	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	110	0	25
✅ hono-stable	110	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	110	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	110	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	129	0	6
✅ vite-stable	110	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	110	0	25
✅ express-stable	110	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	110	0	25
✅ hono-stable	110	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	110	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	110	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	129	0	6
✅ vite-stable	110	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	110	0	25
✅ express-stable	110	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	110	0	25
✅ hono-stable	110	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	110	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	110	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	129	0	6
✅ vite-stable	110	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	135	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	110	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	109	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: failure
• Local Dev: success
• Local Prod: success
• Local Postgres: success
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.040s (-6.3% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.965s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.043s (-2.9%)	1.006s (~)	0.963s	10	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.053s (-9.3% 🟢)	1.010s (~)	0.957s	10	1.30x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.058s	1.005s	0.947s	10	1.43x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.063s (-33.6% 🟢)	1.013s (-2.9%)	0.950s	10	1.56x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.068s	1.012s	0.944s	10	1.69x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.299s (+26.9% 🔺)	2.326s (+8.9% 🔺)	2.027s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.301s (+19.5% 🔺)	2.352s (+0.8%)	2.052s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.095s (-3.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.911s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.101s (-2.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.905s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.105s (-3.0%)	2.010s (~)	0.905s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.107s (-3.5%)	2.009s (~)	0.903s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.132s	2.006s	0.874s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.139s	2.010s	0.871s	10	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.725s (-8.0% 🟢)	6.340s (+66.5% 🔺)	4.615s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.754s (-13.8% 🟢)	6.069s (+58.4% 🔺)	4.315s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.530s (-3.6%)	11.023s (~)	0.493s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.534s (-3.8%)	11.023s (~)	0.489s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.550s (-3.8%)	11.018s (~)	0.469s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.559s (-2.9%)	11.018s (~)	0.460s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.815s	11.021s	0.206s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.877s	11.019s	0.141s	3	1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	14.127s (-18.4% 🟢)	15.554s (-19.8% 🟢)	1.427s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	14.338s (-15.6% 🟢)	16.215s (-19.0% 🟢)	1.878s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	13.736s (-8.2% 🟢)	14.027s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.291s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.739s (-8.8% 🟢)	14.026s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.287s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.827s (-5.2% 🟢)	14.016s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.190s	5	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.863s (-5.0% 🟢)	14.020s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.157s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.434s	15.029s	0.595s	4	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.567s	15.026s	0.459s	4	1.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	21.767s (-56.7% 🟢)	23.611s (-55.1% 🟢)	1.844s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	22.170s (-57.8% 🟢)	24.330s (-55.4% 🟢)	2.160s	3	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	12.405s (-11.4% 🟢)	13.016s (-10.8% 🟢)	0.612s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	12.512s (-25.4% 🟢)	13.025s (-23.5% 🟢)	0.513s	7	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.555s (-10.1% 🟢)	13.020s (-9.0% 🟢)	0.464s	7	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	12.673s (-23.7% 🟢)	13.170s (-22.7% 🟢)	0.497s	7	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.514s	14.026s	0.512s	7	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.875s	14.162s	0.287s	7	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	29.889s (-75.3% 🟢)	31.918s (-74.2% 🟢)	2.028s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.963s (-92.1% 🟢)	33.325s (-91.6% 🟢)	2.363s	3	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.168s (-7.3% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.839s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.189s (-6.7% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.818s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.213s (-18.5% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.793s	15	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.228s (-24.7% 🟢)	2.006s (-3.3%)	0.778s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.272s	2.008s	0.736s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.310s	2.005s	0.695s	15	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.605s (-8.9% 🟢)	4.437s (-4.0%)	1.833s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.701s (-20.5% 🟢)	4.243s (-14.0% 🟢)	1.542s	8	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.213s (-48.6% 🟢)	2.007s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.794s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.257s (-46.5% 🟢)	2.009s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.752s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.435s	2.008s	0.573s	15	1.18x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.702s	2.005s	0.303s	15	1.40x
💻 Local	Express	1.860s (-37.0% 🟢)	2.150s (-37.7% 🟢)	0.291s	14	1.53x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.911s (-39.2% 🟢)	2.222s (-42.8% 🟢)	0.311s	14	1.58x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.350s (-7.5% 🟢)	5.108s (~)	1.758s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.671s (-48.3% 🟢)	6.307s (-29.2% 🟢)	2.635s	5	1.10x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.319s (-62.2% 🟢)	2.007s (-50.0% 🟢)	0.687s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.413s (-59.4% 🟢)	2.007s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.595s	15	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.775s	2.224s	0.449s	14	1.35x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.577s	5.012s	0.435s	6	3.47x
💻 Local	Express	5.244s (-37.1% 🟢)	5.847s (-35.2% 🟢)	0.603s	6	3.97x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.396s (-35.4% 🟢)	6.213s (-31.1% 🟢)	0.817s	5	4.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	105.877s (+2397.1% 🔺)	110.324s (+1700.6% 🔺)	4.447s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	308.487s (+3360.1% 🔺)	310.186s (+2730.1% 🔺)	1.699s	1	2.91x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.171s (-6.9% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.837s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.182s (-5.9% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.826s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.263s	2.008s	0.745s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.404s	2.006s	0.602s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.558s (-16.5% 🟢)	2.006s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.448s	15	1.33x
💻 Local	Express	1.586s (-16.2% 🟢)	2.006s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.420s	15	1.35x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.402s (-7.0% 🟢)	3.849s (-11.5% 🟢)	1.448s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.493s (-15.0% 🟢)	3.996s (-13.9% 🟢)	1.503s	8	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.274s (-45.6% 🟢)	2.074s (-31.1% 🟢)	0.801s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.288s (-45.0% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.720s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.400s	2.008s	0.608s	15	1.10x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.065s (-32.6% 🟢)	2.591s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.526s	12	1.62x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.121s	2.510s	0.389s	12	1.66x
💻 Local	Express	2.131s (-32.0% 🟢)	2.675s (-28.9% 🟢)	0.544s	12	1.67x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.397s (+6.4% 🔺)	5.075s (+5.9% 🔺)	1.678s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.712s (+18.1% 🔺)	5.507s (+21.8% 🔺)	1.794s	6	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.328s (-62.0% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.680s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.452s (-58.3% 🟢)	2.074s (-48.3% 🟢)	0.622s	15	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.771s	2.471s	0.701s	13	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.005s	5.517s	0.512s	6	3.77x
💻 Local	Express	6.381s (-27.5% 🟢)	6.815s (-26.5% 🟢)	0.434s	5	4.80x
💻 Local	Nitro	6.392s (-30.1% 🟢)	6.816s (-32.0% 🟢)	0.424s	5	4.81x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	66.173s (+879.3% 🔺)	68.299s (+699.4% 🔺)	2.126s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	108.275s (+1587.3% 🔺)	109.980s (+1244.8% 🔺)	1.705s	3	1.64x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.560s (-33.3% 🟢)	1.023s (~)	0.463s	59	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.603s (-38.8% 🟢)	1.005s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.402s	60	1.08x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.615s (-37.3% 🟢)	1.022s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.407s	59	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.623s (-24.1% 🟢)	1.058s (+5.2% 🔺)	0.436s	58	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.843s	1.007s	0.164s	60	1.51x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.850s	1.004s	0.154s	60	1.52x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.076s (-73.3% 🟢)	7.323s (-65.7% 🟢)	2.248s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.313s (-63.4% 🟢)	7.516s (-53.3% 🟢)	2.204s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.342s (-32.1% 🟢)	2.029s (-10.1% 🟢)	0.687s	45	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.346s (-30.1% 🟢)	2.008s (-4.4%)	0.661s	45	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.484s (-51.1% 🟢)	2.006s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.522s	45	1.11x
💻 Local	Express	1.568s (-48.0% 🟢)	2.029s (-43.4% 🟢)	0.461s	45	1.17x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.088s	2.943s	0.855s	31	1.56x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.213s	3.045s	0.832s	30	1.65x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.314s (-61.4% 🟢)	16.008s (-56.5% 🟢)	2.694s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.550s (-70.8% 🟢)	16.412s (-68.3% 🟢)	1.862s	6	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.574s (-35.5% 🟢)	3.033s (-30.6% 🟢)	0.459s	40	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.648s (-35.5% 🟢)	3.009s (-34.6% 🟢)	0.361s	40	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.229s (-65.3% 🟢)	4.009s (-60.0% 🟢)	0.780s	30	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	3.328s (-63.9% 🟢)	4.009s (-60.0% 🟢)	0.681s	30	1.29x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.261s	5.013s	0.752s	24	1.66x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.296s	5.010s	0.714s	24	1.67x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	30.149s (-76.8% 🟢)	31.788s (-75.9% 🟢)	1.639s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	32.110s (-70.0% 🟢)	34.798s (-68.1% 🟢)	2.688s	4	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.200s (-29.1% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.805s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.226s (-20.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.780s	60	1.13x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.291s	1.008s	0.717s	60	1.45x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.446s (-26.3% 🟢)	1.004s (-1.7%)	0.559s	60	2.23x
💻 Local	Express	0.523s (-6.6% 🟢)	1.095s (+9.1% 🔺)	0.572s	55	2.61x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.595s	1.022s	0.427s	59	2.97x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.651s (+35.6% 🔺)	4.521s (+24.3% 🔺)	1.870s	14	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	32.500s (+1506.9% 🔺)	34.864s (+819.0% 🔺)	2.364s	10	12.26x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.311s (-38.9% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.695s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.370s (-25.5% 🟢)	1.018s (+1.1%)	0.648s	89	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.502s	1.006s	0.504s	90	1.61x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.114s (-16.7% 🟢)	2.637s (-12.4% 🟢)	0.524s	35	6.79x
💻 Local	Express	2.115s (-15.8% 🟢)	2.715s (-9.8% 🟢)	0.600s	34	6.80x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.328s	3.076s	0.748s	30	7.48x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	5.812s (+64.4% 🔺)	10.281s (+98.0% 🔺)	4.469s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	308.226s (+10017.3% 🔺)	309.686s (+6342.0% 🔺)	1.460s	1	53.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.594s (-27.5% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.2%)	0.412s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.693s (-12.3% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.313s	120	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.008s	1.748s	0.740s	69	1.70x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.567s (-14.5% 🟢)	10.279s (-11.9% 🟢)	0.712s	12	16.11x
💻 Local	Express	9.765s (-12.7% 🟢)	10.274s (-14.0% 🟢)	0.509s	12	16.44x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.331s	11.301s	0.970s	11	17.40x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	11.538s (+11.7% 🔺)	15.094s (+22.9% 🔺)	3.556s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	13.016s (+75.4% 🔺)	18.531s (+100.5% 🔺)	5.514s	7	1.13x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.157s (+464.2% 🔺)	2.001s (+100.4% 🔺)	0.001s (-25.0% 🟢)	2.009s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.852s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.162s (+466.9% 🔺)	1.998s (+99.9% 🔺)	0.002s (+20.0% 🔺)	2.012s (+98.9% 🔺)	0.849s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.165s (+485.3% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.012s (+1.7%)	2.020s (+98.4% 🔺)	0.854s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.167s (+446.1% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.012s (-6.4% 🟢)	2.019s (+98.2% 🔺)	0.852s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.210s	2.003s	0.011s	2.018s	0.808s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.249s	2.003s	0.001s	2.013s	0.765s	10	1.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.209s (-67.8% 🟢)	3.274s (-62.2% 🟢)	1.704s (+169.7% 🔺)	5.698s (-41.8% 🟢)	3.489s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.299s (-8.2% 🟢)	3.606s (-11.9% 🟢)	1.202s (+25.1% 🔺)	5.334s (-4.6%)	3.035s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.556s (+146.9% 🔺)	2.008s (+99.5% 🔺)	0.003s (-12.1% 🟢)	2.022s (+97.6% 🔺)	0.466s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.588s (+89.3% 🔺)	2.009s (+98.6% 🔺)	0.011s (+17.0% 🔺)	2.022s (+81.2% 🔺)	0.434s	30	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.608s (+157.6% 🔺)	2.007s (+99.3% 🔺)	0.004s (-4.1%)	2.028s (+98.4% 🔺)	0.420s	30	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.800s	2.010s	0.004s	2.026s	0.226s	30	1.16x
💻 Local	Express	2.008s (+165.3% 🔺)	2.010s (+95.3% 🔺)	0.010s (+1.6%)	2.423s (+133.0% 🔺)	0.414s	25	1.29x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.120s	2.008s	0.010s	2.422s	0.302s	25	1.36x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.660s (-13.0% 🟢)	8.452s (+5.5% 🔺)	0.237s (-42.0% 🟢)	9.212s (+4.3%)	3.552s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.049s (-64.2% 🟢)	7.902s (-56.7% 🟢)	0.237s (+12.3% 🔺)	8.625s (-54.4% 🟢)	2.576s	7	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.693s (-27.9% 🟢)	1.051s (-17.7% 🟢)	0.000s (+61.4% 🔺)	1.059s (-18.9% 🟢)	0.366s	57	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.700s (-27.7% 🟢)	1.015s (-18.7% 🟢)	0.000s (-59.3% 🟢)	1.025s (-18.5% 🟢)	0.324s	59	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.856s	1.129s	0.000s	1.138s	0.281s	54	1.24x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.352s (+10.5% 🔺)	2.014s (~)	0.000s (+266.7% 🔺)	2.016s (~)	0.665s	30	1.95x
💻 Local	Express	1.438s (+17.4% 🔺)	2.014s (~)	0.000s (-10.0% 🟢)	2.016s (~)	0.579s	30	2.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.502s	2.013s	0.000s	2.016s	0.514s	30	2.17x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.377s (-9.7% 🟢)	4.775s (-6.4% 🟢)	0.000s (-54.2% 🟢)	5.283s (-4.5%)	1.906s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.993s (-60.8% 🟢)	5.325s (-53.8% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.894s (-51.1% 🟢)	1.901s	11	1.18x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.406s (-20.6% 🟢)	2.104s (-3.4%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.120s (-3.6%)	0.714s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.518s (-15.3% 🟢)	2.178s (+1.7%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.189s (+0.7%)	0.671s	28	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.676s	2.226s	0.000s	2.234s	0.558s	27	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.003s	3.556s	0.001s	3.561s	0.557s	17	2.14x
💻 Local	Express	3.128s (-9.8% 🟢)	3.668s (-9.1% 🟢)	0.000s (-41.2% 🟢)	3.679s (-8.8% 🟢)	0.552s	17	2.22x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.136s (-7.4% 🟢)	3.833s (-4.9%)	0.001s (+75.8% 🔺)	3.841s (-4.8%)	0.705s	16	2.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	49.669s (+784.3% 🔺)	52.156s (+647.0% 🔺)	0.000s (+14.3% 🔺)	54.191s (+618.7% 🔺)	4.522s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	11/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	20/21
▲ Vercel	Express	15/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	17/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	14/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	14/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[pranaygp]

Reviewed the forward-port against stable #2171 and re-checked the replay ordering paths on this branch. I did not find any new main-branch issues beyond the already-documented non-blocking test cleanup note on the stable source PR.

[github-actions]

No backport to stable for 0fd0891 (AI decision).

This commit is explicitly a forward-port from stable to main of PR #2171, which is already present on stable (commit 38c67a7f). Backporting would be a no-op or cause conflicts with the change that already exists there.

To override, re-run the Backport to stable workflow manually via workflow_dispatch and paste this commit SHA into the ref input:

0fd0891cc4acab6d84610d3603f3cb90a33f29b0

[VaguelySerious]

Forward-port of #2171 from `stable` to `main` (cherry-pick of merge commit `38c67a7`, applied with no conflicts).

Summary

Fixes a replay divergence where a buffered hook payload races a concurrent `sleep`, and `sleep` can win a `Promise.race` that the committed event log says the hook won — surfacing as `CorruptedEventLogError` on replay.

Branch-deciding deliveries (buffered hook payloads and wait completions) are now handed to the workflow in strict event-log order — anchored on event position rather than microtask-resolution timing — so the committed branch wins deterministically, independent of decryption/hydration time or `Promise.race` argument order.

See #2171 for full root-cause analysis and fix details.

Validation

• Cherry-picked the squashed merge commit onto `main`; clean auto-merge, diff identical to the original PR.
• `@workflow/core` typecheck: clean.
• Affected tests (hook-sleep-interaction, async-deserialization-ordering, sleep, step): 87/87 pass.
• Remaining `e2e/` failures in the full suite are pre-existing on clean `main` (require a full build setup) and unrelated to these runtime changes.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 noreply@anthropic.com

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 63a12a8

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 31, 2026 9:00am

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production	1264	2	219	1485
✅ 💻 Local Development	1671	0	219	1890
✅ 📦 Local Production	1671	0	219	1890
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1671	0	219	1890
✅ 🪟 Windows	135	0	0	135
✅ 📋 Other	769	0	176	945
Total	7181	2	1052	8235

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (2 failed)

hono (1 failed):

• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KSYP28WNWYSMQBHT1E6R1PBM | 🔍 observability

nuxt (1 failed):

• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KSYP28WNWYSMQBHT1E6R1PBM | 🔍 observability

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	109	0	26
✅ example	109	0	26
✅ express	109	0	26
✅ fastify	109	0	26
❌ hono	108	1	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	133	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	133	0	2
✅ nitro	109	0	26
❌ nuxt	108	1	26
✅ sveltekit	128	0	7
✅ vite	109	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	110	0	25
✅ express-stable	110	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	110	0	25
✅ hono-stable	110	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	110	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	110	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	129	0	6
✅ vite-stable	110	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	110	0	25
✅ express-stable	110	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	110	0	25
✅ hono-stable	110	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	110	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	110	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	129	0	6
✅ vite-stable	110	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	110	0	25
✅ express-stable	110	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	110	0	25
✅ hono-stable	110	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	110	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	110	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	129	0	6
✅ vite-stable	110	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	135	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	110	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	109	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: failure
• Local Dev: success
• Local Prod: success
• Local Postgres: success
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.040s (-6.3% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.965s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.043s (-2.9%)	1.006s (~)	0.963s	10	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.053s (-9.3% 🟢)	1.010s (~)	0.957s	10	1.30x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.058s	1.005s	0.947s	10	1.43x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.063s (-33.6% 🟢)	1.013s (-2.9%)	0.950s	10	1.56x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.068s	1.012s	0.944s	10	1.69x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.299s (+26.9% 🔺)	2.326s (+8.9% 🔺)	2.027s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.301s (+19.5% 🔺)	2.352s (+0.8%)	2.052s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.095s (-3.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.911s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.101s (-2.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.905s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.105s (-3.0%)	2.010s (~)	0.905s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.107s (-3.5%)	2.009s (~)	0.903s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.132s	2.006s	0.874s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.139s	2.010s	0.871s	10	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.725s (-8.0% 🟢)	6.340s (+66.5% 🔺)	4.615s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.754s (-13.8% 🟢)	6.069s (+58.4% 🔺)	4.315s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.530s (-3.6%)	11.023s (~)	0.493s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.534s (-3.8%)	11.023s (~)	0.489s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.550s (-3.8%)	11.018s (~)	0.469s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.559s (-2.9%)	11.018s (~)	0.460s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.815s	11.021s	0.206s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.877s	11.019s	0.141s	3	1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	14.127s (-18.4% 🟢)	15.554s (-19.8% 🟢)	1.427s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	14.338s (-15.6% 🟢)	16.215s (-19.0% 🟢)	1.878s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	13.736s (-8.2% 🟢)	14.027s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.291s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.739s (-8.8% 🟢)	14.026s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.287s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.827s (-5.2% 🟢)	14.016s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.190s	5	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.863s (-5.0% 🟢)	14.020s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.157s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.434s	15.029s	0.595s	4	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.567s	15.026s	0.459s	4	1.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	21.767s (-56.7% 🟢)	23.611s (-55.1% 🟢)	1.844s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	22.170s (-57.8% 🟢)	24.330s (-55.4% 🟢)	2.160s	3	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	12.405s (-11.4% 🟢)	13.016s (-10.8% 🟢)	0.612s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	12.512s (-25.4% 🟢)	13.025s (-23.5% 🟢)	0.513s	7	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.555s (-10.1% 🟢)	13.020s (-9.0% 🟢)	0.464s	7	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	12.673s (-23.7% 🟢)	13.170s (-22.7% 🟢)	0.497s	7	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.514s	14.026s	0.512s	7	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.875s	14.162s	0.287s	7	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	29.889s (-75.3% 🟢)	31.918s (-74.2% 🟢)	2.028s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.963s (-92.1% 🟢)	33.325s (-91.6% 🟢)	2.363s	3	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.168s (-7.3% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.839s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.189s (-6.7% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.818s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.213s (-18.5% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.793s	15	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.228s (-24.7% 🟢)	2.006s (-3.3%)	0.778s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.272s	2.008s	0.736s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.310s	2.005s	0.695s	15	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.605s (-8.9% 🟢)	4.437s (-4.0%)	1.833s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.701s (-20.5% 🟢)	4.243s (-14.0% 🟢)	1.542s	8	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.213s (-48.6% 🟢)	2.007s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.794s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.257s (-46.5% 🟢)	2.009s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.752s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.435s	2.008s	0.573s	15	1.18x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.702s	2.005s	0.303s	15	1.40x
💻 Local	Express	1.860s (-37.0% 🟢)	2.150s (-37.7% 🟢)	0.291s	14	1.53x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.911s (-39.2% 🟢)	2.222s (-42.8% 🟢)	0.311s	14	1.58x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.350s (-7.5% 🟢)	5.108s (~)	1.758s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.671s (-48.3% 🟢)	6.307s (-29.2% 🟢)	2.635s	5	1.10x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.319s (-62.2% 🟢)	2.007s (-50.0% 🟢)	0.687s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.413s (-59.4% 🟢)	2.007s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.595s	15	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.775s	2.224s	0.449s	14	1.35x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.577s	5.012s	0.435s	6	3.47x
💻 Local	Express	5.244s (-37.1% 🟢)	5.847s (-35.2% 🟢)	0.603s	6	3.97x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.396s (-35.4% 🟢)	6.213s (-31.1% 🟢)	0.817s	5	4.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	105.877s (+2397.1% 🔺)	110.324s (+1700.6% 🔺)	4.447s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	308.487s (+3360.1% 🔺)	310.186s (+2730.1% 🔺)	1.699s	1	2.91x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.171s (-6.9% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.837s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.182s (-5.9% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.826s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.263s	2.008s	0.745s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.404s	2.006s	0.602s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.558s (-16.5% 🟢)	2.006s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.448s	15	1.33x
💻 Local	Express	1.586s (-16.2% 🟢)	2.006s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.420s	15	1.35x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.402s (-7.0% 🟢)	3.849s (-11.5% 🟢)	1.448s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.493s (-15.0% 🟢)	3.996s (-13.9% 🟢)	1.503s	8	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.274s (-45.6% 🟢)	2.074s (-31.1% 🟢)	0.801s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.288s (-45.0% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.720s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.400s	2.008s	0.608s	15	1.10x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.065s (-32.6% 🟢)	2.591s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.526s	12	1.62x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.121s	2.510s	0.389s	12	1.66x
💻 Local	Express	2.131s (-32.0% 🟢)	2.675s (-28.9% 🟢)	0.544s	12	1.67x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.397s (+6.4% 🔺)	5.075s (+5.9% 🔺)	1.678s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.712s (+18.1% 🔺)	5.507s (+21.8% 🔺)	1.794s	6	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.328s (-62.0% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.680s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.452s (-58.3% 🟢)	2.074s (-48.3% 🟢)	0.622s	15	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.771s	2.471s	0.701s	13	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.005s	5.517s	0.512s	6	3.77x
💻 Local	Express	6.381s (-27.5% 🟢)	6.815s (-26.5% 🟢)	0.434s	5	4.80x
💻 Local	Nitro	6.392s (-30.1% 🟢)	6.816s (-32.0% 🟢)	0.424s	5	4.81x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	66.173s (+879.3% 🔺)	68.299s (+699.4% 🔺)	2.126s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	108.275s (+1587.3% 🔺)	109.980s (+1244.8% 🔺)	1.705s	3	1.64x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.560s (-33.3% 🟢)	1.023s (~)	0.463s	59	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.603s (-38.8% 🟢)	1.005s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.402s	60	1.08x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.615s (-37.3% 🟢)	1.022s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.407s	59	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.623s (-24.1% 🟢)	1.058s (+5.2% 🔺)	0.436s	58	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.843s	1.007s	0.164s	60	1.51x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.850s	1.004s	0.154s	60	1.52x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.076s (-73.3% 🟢)	7.323s (-65.7% 🟢)	2.248s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.313s (-63.4% 🟢)	7.516s (-53.3% 🟢)	2.204s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.342s (-32.1% 🟢)	2.029s (-10.1% 🟢)	0.687s	45	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.346s (-30.1% 🟢)	2.008s (-4.4%)	0.661s	45	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.484s (-51.1% 🟢)	2.006s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.522s	45	1.11x
💻 Local	Express	1.568s (-48.0% 🟢)	2.029s (-43.4% 🟢)	0.461s	45	1.17x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.088s	2.943s	0.855s	31	1.56x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.213s	3.045s	0.832s	30	1.65x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.314s (-61.4% 🟢)	16.008s (-56.5% 🟢)	2.694s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.550s (-70.8% 🟢)	16.412s (-68.3% 🟢)	1.862s	6	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.574s (-35.5% 🟢)	3.033s (-30.6% 🟢)	0.459s	40	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.648s (-35.5% 🟢)	3.009s (-34.6% 🟢)	0.361s	40	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.229s (-65.3% 🟢)	4.009s (-60.0% 🟢)	0.780s	30	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	3.328s (-63.9% 🟢)	4.009s (-60.0% 🟢)	0.681s	30	1.29x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.261s	5.013s	0.752s	24	1.66x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.296s	5.010s	0.714s	24	1.67x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	30.149s (-76.8% 🟢)	31.788s (-75.9% 🟢)	1.639s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	32.110s (-70.0% 🟢)	34.798s (-68.1% 🟢)	2.688s	4	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.200s (-29.1% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.805s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.226s (-20.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.780s	60	1.13x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.291s	1.008s	0.717s	60	1.45x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.446s (-26.3% 🟢)	1.004s (-1.7%)	0.559s	60	2.23x
💻 Local	Express	0.523s (-6.6% 🟢)	1.095s (+9.1% 🔺)	0.572s	55	2.61x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.595s	1.022s	0.427s	59	2.97x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.651s (+35.6% 🔺)	4.521s (+24.3% 🔺)	1.870s	14	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	32.500s (+1506.9% 🔺)	34.864s (+819.0% 🔺)	2.364s	10	12.26x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.311s (-38.9% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.695s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.370s (-25.5% 🟢)	1.018s (+1.1%)	0.648s	89	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.502s	1.006s	0.504s	90	1.61x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.114s (-16.7% 🟢)	2.637s (-12.4% 🟢)	0.524s	35	6.79x
💻 Local	Express	2.115s (-15.8% 🟢)	2.715s (-9.8% 🟢)	0.600s	34	6.80x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.328s	3.076s	0.748s	30	7.48x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	5.812s (+64.4% 🔺)	10.281s (+98.0% 🔺)	4.469s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	308.226s (+10017.3% 🔺)	309.686s (+6342.0% 🔺)	1.460s	1	53.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.594s (-27.5% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.2%)	0.412s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.693s (-12.3% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.313s	120	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.008s	1.748s	0.740s	69	1.70x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.567s (-14.5% 🟢)	10.279s (-11.9% 🟢)	0.712s	12	16.11x
💻 Local	Express	9.765s (-12.7% 🟢)	10.274s (-14.0% 🟢)	0.509s	12	16.44x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.331s	11.301s	0.970s	11	17.40x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	11.538s (+11.7% 🔺)	15.094s (+22.9% 🔺)	3.556s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	13.016s (+75.4% 🔺)	18.531s (+100.5% 🔺)	5.514s	7	1.13x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.157s (+464.2% 🔺)	2.001s (+100.4% 🔺)	0.001s (-25.0% 🟢)	2.009s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.852s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.162s (+466.9% 🔺)	1.998s (+99.9% 🔺)	0.002s (+20.0% 🔺)	2.012s (+98.9% 🔺)	0.849s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.165s (+485.3% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.012s (+1.7%)	2.020s (+98.4% 🔺)	0.854s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.167s (+446.1% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.012s (-6.4% 🟢)	2.019s (+98.2% 🔺)	0.852s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.210s	2.003s	0.011s	2.018s	0.808s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.249s	2.003s	0.001s	2.013s	0.765s	10	1.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.209s (-67.8% 🟢)	3.274s (-62.2% 🟢)	1.704s (+169.7% 🔺)	5.698s (-41.8% 🟢)	3.489s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.299s (-8.2% 🟢)	3.606s (-11.9% 🟢)	1.202s (+25.1% 🔺)	5.334s (-4.6%)	3.035s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.556s (+146.9% 🔺)	2.008s (+99.5% 🔺)	0.003s (-12.1% 🟢)	2.022s (+97.6% 🔺)	0.466s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.588s (+89.3% 🔺)	2.009s (+98.6% 🔺)	0.011s (+17.0% 🔺)	2.022s (+81.2% 🔺)	0.434s	30	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.608s (+157.6% 🔺)	2.007s (+99.3% 🔺)	0.004s (-4.1%)	2.028s (+98.4% 🔺)	0.420s	30	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.800s	2.010s	0.004s	2.026s	0.226s	30	1.16x
💻 Local	Express	2.008s (+165.3% 🔺)	2.010s (+95.3% 🔺)	0.010s (+1.6%)	2.423s (+133.0% 🔺)	0.414s	25	1.29x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.120s	2.008s	0.010s	2.422s	0.302s	25	1.36x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.660s (-13.0% 🟢)	8.452s (+5.5% 🔺)	0.237s (-42.0% 🟢)	9.212s (+4.3%)	3.552s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.049s (-64.2% 🟢)	7.902s (-56.7% 🟢)	0.237s (+12.3% 🔺)	8.625s (-54.4% 🟢)	2.576s	7	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.693s (-27.9% 🟢)	1.051s (-17.7% 🟢)	0.000s (+61.4% 🔺)	1.059s (-18.9% 🟢)	0.366s	57	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.700s (-27.7% 🟢)	1.015s (-18.7% 🟢)	0.000s (-59.3% 🟢)	1.025s (-18.5% 🟢)	0.324s	59	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.856s	1.129s	0.000s	1.138s	0.281s	54	1.24x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.352s (+10.5% 🔺)	2.014s (~)	0.000s (+266.7% 🔺)	2.016s (~)	0.665s	30	1.95x
💻 Local	Express	1.438s (+17.4% 🔺)	2.014s (~)	0.000s (-10.0% 🟢)	2.016s (~)	0.579s	30	2.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.502s	2.013s	0.000s	2.016s	0.514s	30	2.17x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.377s (-9.7% 🟢)	4.775s (-6.4% 🟢)	0.000s (-54.2% 🟢)	5.283s (-4.5%)	1.906s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.993s (-60.8% 🟢)	5.325s (-53.8% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.894s (-51.1% 🟢)	1.901s	11	1.18x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.406s (-20.6% 🟢)	2.104s (-3.4%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.120s (-3.6%)	0.714s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.518s (-15.3% 🟢)	2.178s (+1.7%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.189s (+0.7%)	0.671s	28	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.676s	2.226s	0.000s	2.234s	0.558s	27	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.003s	3.556s	0.001s	3.561s	0.557s	17	2.14x
💻 Local	Express	3.128s (-9.8% 🟢)	3.668s (-9.1% 🟢)	0.000s (-41.2% 🟢)	3.679s (-8.8% 🟢)	0.552s	17	2.22x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.136s (-7.4% 🟢)	3.833s (-4.9%)	0.001s (+75.8% 🔺)	3.841s (-4.8%)	0.705s	16	2.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	49.669s (+784.3% 🔺)	52.156s (+647.0% 🔺)	0.000s (+14.3% 🔺)	54.191s (+618.7% 🔺)	4.522s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	11/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	20/21
▲ Vercel	Express	15/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	17/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	14/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	14/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

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📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[pranaygp]

Reviewed the forward-port against stable #2171 and re-checked the replay ordering paths on this branch. I did not find any new main-branch issues beyond the already-documented non-blocking test cleanup note on the stable source PR.

[github-actions]

No backport to stable for 0fd0891 (AI decision).

This commit is explicitly a forward-port from stable to main of PR #2171, which is already present on stable (commit 38c67a7f). Backporting would be a no-op or cause conflicts with the change that already exists there.

To override, re-run the Backport to stable workflow manually via workflow_dispatch and paste this commit SHA into the ref input:

0fd0891cc4acab6d84610d3603f3cb90a33f29b0