fix: bump devalue to 5.8.1

[pranaygp]

Summary

• bump the root devalue override from 5.6.3 to 5.8.1
• bump @workflow/core's direct devalue dependency to 5.8.1
• refresh the lockfile and add a patch changeset for workflow and @workflow/core

Context

Issue #2284 reported high-severity advisories from npm audit affecting the published devalue path. The undici portion was already addressed separately by #2231, so this PR isolates the remaining actionable dependency fix.

Validation

• pnpm install --ignore-scripts
• pnpm audit --prod with no devalue findings
• pnpm --filter @workflow/utils --filter @workflow/errors --filter @workflow/serde build
• pnpm --filter @workflow/core exec vitest run src/serialization-format.test.ts src/serialization/serialization.test.ts

Notes

• Local commands ran under Node v25.2.1, so pnpm emitted the repo's unsupported-engine warning (^18 || ^20 || ^22 || ^24), but the commands above completed successfully.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: d64516f

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production	1262	4	219	1485
✅ 💻 Local Development	1671	0	219	1890
❌ 📦 Local Production	1669	2	219	1890
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1671	0	219	1890
✅ 🪟 Windows	135	0	0	135
❌ 📋 Other	768	1	176	945
Total	7176	7	1052	8235

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (4 failed)

express (1 failed):

• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KTM8S3XHVRXD1Z2PWEXSAC0B | 🔍 observability

fastify (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KTM8E70XR7DAX0S4X0QTYPMK | 🔍 observability

hono (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KTM8E70XR7DAX0S4X0QTYPMK | 🔍 observability

vite (1 failed):

• AbortController abortAnyInStepWorkflow: AbortSignal.any inside a step composes deserialized signals

📦 Local Production (2 failed)

fastify-stable (1 failed):

• AbortController abortThrowIfAbortedWorkflow: throwIfAborted causes FatalError, no retries

nextjs-turbopack-canary (1 failed):

• AbortController abortAnyInWorkflowWorkflow: AbortSignal.any composes signals inside the workflow VM

📋 Other (1 failed)

e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start (1 failed):

• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	109	0	26
✅ example	109	0	26
❌ express	108	1	26
❌ fastify	108	1	26
❌ hono	108	1	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	133	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	133	0	2
✅ nitro	109	0	26
✅ nuxt	109	0	26
✅ sveltekit	128	0	7
❌ vite	108	1	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	110	0	25
✅ express-stable	110	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	110	0	25
✅ hono-stable	110	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	110	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	110	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	129	0	6
✅ vite-stable	110	0	25

❌ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	110	0	25
✅ express-stable	110	0	25
❌ fastify-stable	109	1	25
✅ hono-stable	110	0	25
❌ nextjs-turbopack-canary	115	1	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	110	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	110	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	129	0	6
✅ vite-stable	110	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	110	0	25
✅ express-stable	110	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	110	0	25
✅ hono-stable	110	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	110	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	110	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	129	0	6
✅ vite-stable	110	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	135	0	0

❌ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	110	0	25
❌ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	108	1	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: failure
• Local Dev: success
• Local Prod: failure
• Local Postgres: success
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.044s (+2.5%)	1.006s (~)	0.962s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.060s (+9.5% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.946s	10	1.36x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.061s (-3.2%)	1.013s (~)	0.952s	10	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.063s (-4.8%)	1.014s (~)	0.951s	10	1.42x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.066s (-6.3% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.946s	10	1.48x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.090s (-1.0%)	2.007s (~)	0.917s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.103s (-0.9%)	2.010s (~)	0.907s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.108s (+1.4%)	2.009s (~)	0.902s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.130s (+1.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.876s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.140s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.870s	10	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	10.505s (-0.6%)	11.018s (~)	0.513s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.524s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.499s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.557s (-1.5%)	11.020s (-2.9%)	0.463s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.748s (+1.3%)	11.021s (~)	0.273s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.809s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.212s	3	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	13.707s (-1.0%)	14.021s (~)	0.314s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.828s (~)	14.016s (-1.5%)	0.188s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	13.850s (~)	14.027s (-1.4%)	0.177s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.305s (+2.0%)	15.028s (+2.7%)	0.723s	4	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.584s (~)	15.021s (~)	0.437s	4	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	12.434s (-2.4%)	13.018s (~)	0.584s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	12.539s (~)	13.026s (~)	0.487s	7	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.657s (-0.6%)	13.022s (-2.2%)	0.364s	7	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.494s (+4.2%)	14.027s (+5.4% 🔺)	0.532s	7	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.972s (+1.5%)	14.447s (+3.1%)	0.475s	7	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.177s (-1.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.830s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.197s (~)	2.007s (-0.8%)	0.810s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.205s (-4.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.801s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.235s (-1.3%)	2.009s (~)	0.774s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.356s (+10.9% 🔺)	2.005s (~)	0.649s	15	1.15x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.240s (-1.5%)	2.007s (~)	0.767s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.265s (-4.6%)	2.008s (~)	0.742s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.398s (-0.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.609s	15	1.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.851s (+7.2% 🔺)	2.150s (+7.2% 🔺)	0.299s	14	1.49x
💻 Local	Express	1.906s (+1.3%)	2.223s (~)	0.316s	14	1.54x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.371s (-2.5%)	2.006s (~)	0.635s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.413s (+1.4%)	2.007s (~)	0.594s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.721s (-2.2%)	2.154s (-6.1% 🟢)	0.434s	14	1.26x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.680s (+6.5% 🔺)	5.179s (+3.4%)	0.499s	6	3.41x
💻 Local	Express	5.381s (+1.5%)	6.014s (~)	0.633s	5	3.92x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.174s (-2.2%)	2.010s (~)	0.836s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.192s (-0.9%)	2.008s (~)	0.817s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.242s (-1.9%)	2.008s (~)	0.766s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.430s (+9.5% 🔺)	2.073s (+3.4%)	0.643s	15	1.22x
💻 Local	Express	1.578s (-4.7%)	2.007s (-3.2%)	0.429s	15	1.34x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.252s (-1.8%)	2.008s (~)	0.756s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.278s (+2.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.729s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.389s (-0.6%)	2.009s (~)	0.620s	15	1.11x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.029s (~)	2.508s (~)	0.480s	12	1.62x
💻 Local	Express	2.121s (~)	2.591s (~)	0.470s	12	1.69x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.383s (-5.4% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.625s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.409s (-6.1% 🟢)	2.010s (-16.2% 🟢)	0.601s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.676s (+1.2%)	2.076s (~)	0.399s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.849s (-6.0% 🟢)	5.349s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.499s	6	3.51x
💻 Local	Express	5.882s (~)	6.416s (+3.3%)	0.534s	5	4.25x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.543s (-10.8% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.463s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.584s (-12.4% 🟢)	1.007s (-3.9%)	0.422s	60	1.08x
💻 Local	Express	0.639s (-2.6%)	1.039s (~)	0.400s	58	1.18x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.808s (~)	1.024s (+1.7%)	0.216s	59	1.49x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.843s (+21.1% 🔺)	1.021s (+1.7%)	0.178s	59	1.55x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.267s (-10.6% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.740s	45	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.379s (-10.2% 🟢)	2.029s (-5.7% 🟢)	0.650s	45	1.09x
💻 Local	Express	1.570s (-1.4%)	2.007s (-1.1%)	0.437s	45	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.945s (~)	2.101s (-3.3%)	0.157s	43	1.54x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.087s (+20.7% 🔺)	2.820s (+39.1% 🔺)	0.733s	32	1.65x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.560s (-12.1% 🟢)	3.058s (-6.8% 🟢)	0.498s	40	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.852s (-2.1%)	3.193s (-9.8% 🟢)	0.341s	38	1.11x
💻 Local	Express	3.597s (+5.2% 🔺)	4.216s (+5.1% 🔺)	0.619s	29	1.40x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.829s (-0.8%)	4.110s (+0.8%)	0.281s	30	1.50x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.226s (+13.4% 🔺)	5.010s (+21.9% 🔺)	0.784s	24	1.65x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.210s (-11.0% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.796s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.230s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.776s	60	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.261s (-7.3% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.744s	60	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	0.506s (+8.9% 🔺)	1.039s (+3.4%)	0.533s	58	2.41x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.587s (-3.9%)	1.022s (-1.6%)	0.435s	59	2.80x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.322s (-13.1% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.684s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.361s (+6.4% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.645s	90	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.463s (-4.0%)	1.006s (~)	0.542s	90	1.44x
💻 Local	Express	2.225s (+1.5%)	2.714s (-3.8%)	0.489s	34	6.91x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.479s (+1.2%)	3.116s (~)	0.636s	29	7.70x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.627s (-11.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.379s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.717s (+14.6% 🔺)	1.007s (-4.6%)	0.290s	120	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.931s (-4.9%)	1.326s (-17.5% 🟢)	0.395s	91	1.49x
💻 Local	Express	10.104s (-2.1%)	10.529s (-3.1%)	0.425s	12	16.12x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.508s (+1.9%)	11.391s (+0.8%)	0.883s	11	16.76x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.161s (-1.7%)	2.000s (~)	0.001s (-21.4% 🟢)	2.011s (~)	0.850s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.164s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.012s (-3.9%)	2.020s (~)	0.856s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.171s (-2.0%)	1.999s (~)	0.002s (-95.6% 🟢)	2.011s (-1.6%)	0.841s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.200s (+2.7%)	2.003s (~)	0.011s (+4.0%)	2.018s (~)	0.818s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.214s (-1.6%)	2.001s (~)	0.001s (-33.3% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.796s	10	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.546s (-7.1% 🟢)	2.005s (~)	0.004s (+0.9%)	2.023s (~)	0.477s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.661s (-4.4%)	2.003s (-6.5% 🟢)	0.004s (+33.2% 🔺)	2.026s (-6.2% 🟢)	0.366s	30	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.728s (-2.0%)	2.008s (~)	0.004s (-3.3%)	2.023s (~)	0.296s	30	1.12x
💻 Local	Express	1.796s (+9.8% 🔺)	2.011s (~)	0.011s (-2.9%)	2.202s (+8.8% 🔺)	0.406s	28	1.16x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.930s (+17.7% 🔺)	2.046s (+1.8%)	0.010s (-1.0%)	2.244s (+11.0% 🔺)	0.314s	27	1.25x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.658s (-9.0% 🟢)	1.033s (~)	0.000s (-32.2% 🟢)	1.056s (+0.8%)	0.398s	57	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.763s (-22.0% 🟢)	1.032s (-27.7% 🟢)	0.000s (-75.9% 🟢)	1.042s (-28.0% 🟢)	0.280s	58	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.829s (~)	1.068s (~)	0.000s (-50.9% 🟢)	1.080s (~)	0.251s	57	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	1.446s (-2.4%)	2.014s (~)	0.001s (+26.7% 🔺)	2.016s (~)	0.570s	30	2.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.513s (+4.6%)	2.013s (~)	0.000s (+75.0% 🔺)	2.016s (~)	0.503s	30	2.30x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.355s (-3.9%)	2.069s (+3.7%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.099s (+4.3%)	0.743s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.503s (-6.9% 🟢)	2.141s (-5.0%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.159s (-5.3% 🟢)	0.656s	28	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.693s (-2.0%)	2.147s (-5.1% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.174s (-4.2%)	0.481s	28	1.25x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.118s (-3.0%)	3.672s (-5.8% 🟢)	0.000s (-24.7% 🟢)	3.676s (-5.7% 🟢)	0.558s	17	2.30x
💻 Local	Express	3.296s (-1.1%)	3.903s (+1.7%)	0.000s (-16.7% 🟢)	3.905s (+1.6%)	0.610s	16	2.43x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	15/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	21/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	16/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	15/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	21/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: failure
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[socket-security]

Review the following changes in direct dependencies. Learn more about Socket for GitHub.

Diff	Package	Supply Chain Security	Vulnerability	Quality	Maintenance	License
	npm/​devalue@​5.8.1

View full report

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This PR updates the repository’s devalue dependency to a non-vulnerable version to address the security advisories reported in Issue #2284, ensuring both the workspace override and @workflow/core resolve to devalue@5.8.1.

Changes:

• Bump the root pnpm.overrides.devalue from 5.6.3 to 5.8.1.
• Bump @workflow/core’s direct devalue dependency to 5.8.1.
• Refresh pnpm-lock.yaml and add a patch changeset for workflow and @workflow/core.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 3 out of 4 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

File	Description
package.json	Updates the workspace pnpm override to force devalue@5.8.1.
packages/core/package.json	Pins @workflow/core’s direct devalue dependency to 5.8.1.
pnpm-lock.yaml	Lockfile refresh to reflect devalue@5.8.1 across importers/snapshots and package resolution.
.changeset/strong-cups-sip.md	Adds a patch changeset documenting the security-related dependency bump.

Files not reviewed (1)

• pnpm-lock.yaml: Language not supported

---

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[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2294. (backport job run)

[pranaygp]

Summary

• bump the root devalue override from 5.6.3 to 5.8.1
• bump @workflow/core's direct devalue dependency to 5.8.1
• refresh the lockfile and add a patch changeset for workflow and @workflow/core

Context

Issue #2284 reported high-severity advisories from npm audit affecting the published devalue path. The undici portion was already addressed separately by #2231, so this PR isolates the remaining actionable dependency fix.

Validation

• pnpm install --ignore-scripts
• pnpm audit --prod with no devalue findings
• pnpm --filter @workflow/utils --filter @workflow/errors --filter @workflow/serde build
• pnpm --filter @workflow/core exec vitest run src/serialization-format.test.ts src/serialization/serialization.test.ts

Notes

• Local commands ran under Node v25.2.1, so pnpm emitted the repo's unsupported-engine warning (^18 || ^20 || ^22 || ^24), but the commands above completed successfully.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: d64516f

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production	1262	4	219	1485
✅ 💻 Local Development	1671	0	219	1890
❌ 📦 Local Production	1669	2	219	1890
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1671	0	219	1890
✅ 🪟 Windows	135	0	0	135
❌ 📋 Other	768	1	176	945
Total	7176	7	1052	8235

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (4 failed)

express (1 failed):

• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KTM8S3XHVRXD1Z2PWEXSAC0B | 🔍 observability

fastify (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KTM8E70XR7DAX0S4X0QTYPMK | 🔍 observability

hono (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KTM8E70XR7DAX0S4X0QTYPMK | 🔍 observability

vite (1 failed):

• AbortController abortAnyInStepWorkflow: AbortSignal.any inside a step composes deserialized signals

📦 Local Production (2 failed)

fastify-stable (1 failed):

• AbortController abortThrowIfAbortedWorkflow: throwIfAborted causes FatalError, no retries

nextjs-turbopack-canary (1 failed):

• AbortController abortAnyInWorkflowWorkflow: AbortSignal.any composes signals inside the workflow VM

📋 Other (1 failed)

e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start (1 failed):

• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	109	0	26
✅ example	109	0	26
❌ express	108	1	26
❌ fastify	108	1	26
❌ hono	108	1	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	133	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	133	0	2
✅ nitro	109	0	26
✅ nuxt	109	0	26
✅ sveltekit	128	0	7
❌ vite	108	1	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	110	0	25
✅ express-stable	110	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	110	0	25
✅ hono-stable	110	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	110	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	110	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	129	0	6
✅ vite-stable	110	0	25

❌ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	110	0	25
✅ express-stable	110	0	25
❌ fastify-stable	109	1	25
✅ hono-stable	110	0	25
❌ nextjs-turbopack-canary	115	1	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	110	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	110	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	129	0	6
✅ vite-stable	110	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	110	0	25
✅ express-stable	110	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	110	0	25
✅ hono-stable	110	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	110	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	110	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	129	0	6
✅ vite-stable	110	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	135	0	0

❌ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	110	0	25
❌ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	108	1	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: failure
• Local Dev: success
• Local Prod: failure
• Local Postgres: success
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.044s (+2.5%)	1.006s (~)	0.962s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.060s (+9.5% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.946s	10	1.36x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.061s (-3.2%)	1.013s (~)	0.952s	10	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.063s (-4.8%)	1.014s (~)	0.951s	10	1.42x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.066s (-6.3% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.946s	10	1.48x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.090s (-1.0%)	2.007s (~)	0.917s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.103s (-0.9%)	2.010s (~)	0.907s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.108s (+1.4%)	2.009s (~)	0.902s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.130s (+1.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.876s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.140s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.870s	10	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	10.505s (-0.6%)	11.018s (~)	0.513s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.524s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.499s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.557s (-1.5%)	11.020s (-2.9%)	0.463s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.748s (+1.3%)	11.021s (~)	0.273s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.809s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.212s	3	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	13.707s (-1.0%)	14.021s (~)	0.314s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.828s (~)	14.016s (-1.5%)	0.188s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	13.850s (~)	14.027s (-1.4%)	0.177s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.305s (+2.0%)	15.028s (+2.7%)	0.723s	4	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.584s (~)	15.021s (~)	0.437s	4	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	12.434s (-2.4%)	13.018s (~)	0.584s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	12.539s (~)	13.026s (~)	0.487s	7	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.657s (-0.6%)	13.022s (-2.2%)	0.364s	7	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.494s (+4.2%)	14.027s (+5.4% 🔺)	0.532s	7	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.972s (+1.5%)	14.447s (+3.1%)	0.475s	7	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.177s (-1.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.830s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.197s (~)	2.007s (-0.8%)	0.810s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.205s (-4.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.801s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.235s (-1.3%)	2.009s (~)	0.774s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.356s (+10.9% 🔺)	2.005s (~)	0.649s	15	1.15x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.240s (-1.5%)	2.007s (~)	0.767s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.265s (-4.6%)	2.008s (~)	0.742s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.398s (-0.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.609s	15	1.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.851s (+7.2% 🔺)	2.150s (+7.2% 🔺)	0.299s	14	1.49x
💻 Local	Express	1.906s (+1.3%)	2.223s (~)	0.316s	14	1.54x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.371s (-2.5%)	2.006s (~)	0.635s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.413s (+1.4%)	2.007s (~)	0.594s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.721s (-2.2%)	2.154s (-6.1% 🟢)	0.434s	14	1.26x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.680s (+6.5% 🔺)	5.179s (+3.4%)	0.499s	6	3.41x
💻 Local	Express	5.381s (+1.5%)	6.014s (~)	0.633s	5	3.92x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.174s (-2.2%)	2.010s (~)	0.836s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.192s (-0.9%)	2.008s (~)	0.817s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.242s (-1.9%)	2.008s (~)	0.766s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.430s (+9.5% 🔺)	2.073s (+3.4%)	0.643s	15	1.22x
💻 Local	Express	1.578s (-4.7%)	2.007s (-3.2%)	0.429s	15	1.34x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.252s (-1.8%)	2.008s (~)	0.756s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.278s (+2.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.729s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.389s (-0.6%)	2.009s (~)	0.620s	15	1.11x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.029s (~)	2.508s (~)	0.480s	12	1.62x
💻 Local	Express	2.121s (~)	2.591s (~)	0.470s	12	1.69x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.383s (-5.4% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.625s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.409s (-6.1% 🟢)	2.010s (-16.2% 🟢)	0.601s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.676s (+1.2%)	2.076s (~)	0.399s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.849s (-6.0% 🟢)	5.349s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.499s	6	3.51x
💻 Local	Express	5.882s (~)	6.416s (+3.3%)	0.534s	5	4.25x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.543s (-10.8% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.463s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.584s (-12.4% 🟢)	1.007s (-3.9%)	0.422s	60	1.08x
💻 Local	Express	0.639s (-2.6%)	1.039s (~)	0.400s	58	1.18x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.808s (~)	1.024s (+1.7%)	0.216s	59	1.49x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.843s (+21.1% 🔺)	1.021s (+1.7%)	0.178s	59	1.55x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.267s (-10.6% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.740s	45	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.379s (-10.2% 🟢)	2.029s (-5.7% 🟢)	0.650s	45	1.09x
💻 Local	Express	1.570s (-1.4%)	2.007s (-1.1%)	0.437s	45	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.945s (~)	2.101s (-3.3%)	0.157s	43	1.54x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.087s (+20.7% 🔺)	2.820s (+39.1% 🔺)	0.733s	32	1.65x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.560s (-12.1% 🟢)	3.058s (-6.8% 🟢)	0.498s	40	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.852s (-2.1%)	3.193s (-9.8% 🟢)	0.341s	38	1.11x
💻 Local	Express	3.597s (+5.2% 🔺)	4.216s (+5.1% 🔺)	0.619s	29	1.40x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.829s (-0.8%)	4.110s (+0.8%)	0.281s	30	1.50x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.226s (+13.4% 🔺)	5.010s (+21.9% 🔺)	0.784s	24	1.65x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.210s (-11.0% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.796s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.230s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.776s	60	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.261s (-7.3% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.744s	60	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	0.506s (+8.9% 🔺)	1.039s (+3.4%)	0.533s	58	2.41x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.587s (-3.9%)	1.022s (-1.6%)	0.435s	59	2.80x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.322s (-13.1% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.684s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.361s (+6.4% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.645s	90	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.463s (-4.0%)	1.006s (~)	0.542s	90	1.44x
💻 Local	Express	2.225s (+1.5%)	2.714s (-3.8%)	0.489s	34	6.91x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.479s (+1.2%)	3.116s (~)	0.636s	29	7.70x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.627s (-11.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.379s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.717s (+14.6% 🔺)	1.007s (-4.6%)	0.290s	120	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.931s (-4.9%)	1.326s (-17.5% 🟢)	0.395s	91	1.49x
💻 Local	Express	10.104s (-2.1%)	10.529s (-3.1%)	0.425s	12	16.12x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.508s (+1.9%)	11.391s (+0.8%)	0.883s	11	16.76x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.161s (-1.7%)	2.000s (~)	0.001s (-21.4% 🟢)	2.011s (~)	0.850s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.164s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.012s (-3.9%)	2.020s (~)	0.856s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.171s (-2.0%)	1.999s (~)	0.002s (-95.6% 🟢)	2.011s (-1.6%)	0.841s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.200s (+2.7%)	2.003s (~)	0.011s (+4.0%)	2.018s (~)	0.818s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.214s (-1.6%)	2.001s (~)	0.001s (-33.3% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.796s	10	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.546s (-7.1% 🟢)	2.005s (~)	0.004s (+0.9%)	2.023s (~)	0.477s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.661s (-4.4%)	2.003s (-6.5% 🟢)	0.004s (+33.2% 🔺)	2.026s (-6.2% 🟢)	0.366s	30	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.728s (-2.0%)	2.008s (~)	0.004s (-3.3%)	2.023s (~)	0.296s	30	1.12x
💻 Local	Express	1.796s (+9.8% 🔺)	2.011s (~)	0.011s (-2.9%)	2.202s (+8.8% 🔺)	0.406s	28	1.16x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.930s (+17.7% 🔺)	2.046s (+1.8%)	0.010s (-1.0%)	2.244s (+11.0% 🔺)	0.314s	27	1.25x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.658s (-9.0% 🟢)	1.033s (~)	0.000s (-32.2% 🟢)	1.056s (+0.8%)	0.398s	57	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.763s (-22.0% 🟢)	1.032s (-27.7% 🟢)	0.000s (-75.9% 🟢)	1.042s (-28.0% 🟢)	0.280s	58	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.829s (~)	1.068s (~)	0.000s (-50.9% 🟢)	1.080s (~)	0.251s	57	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	1.446s (-2.4%)	2.014s (~)	0.001s (+26.7% 🔺)	2.016s (~)	0.570s	30	2.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.513s (+4.6%)	2.013s (~)	0.000s (+75.0% 🔺)	2.016s (~)	0.503s	30	2.30x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.355s (-3.9%)	2.069s (+3.7%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.099s (+4.3%)	0.743s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.503s (-6.9% 🟢)	2.141s (-5.0%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.159s (-5.3% 🟢)	0.656s	28	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.693s (-2.0%)	2.147s (-5.1% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.174s (-4.2%)	0.481s	28	1.25x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.118s (-3.0%)	3.672s (-5.8% 🟢)	0.000s (-24.7% 🟢)	3.676s (-5.7% 🟢)	0.558s	17	2.30x
💻 Local	Express	3.296s (-1.1%)	3.903s (+1.7%)	0.000s (-16.7% 🟢)	3.905s (+1.6%)	0.610s	16	2.43x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	15/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	21/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	16/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	15/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	21/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: failure
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[socket-security]

Review the following changes in direct dependencies. Learn more about Socket for GitHub.

Diff	Package	Supply Chain Security	Vulnerability	Quality	Maintenance	License
	npm/​devalue@​5.8.1

View full report

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This PR updates the repository’s devalue dependency to a non-vulnerable version to address the security advisories reported in Issue #2284, ensuring both the workspace override and @workflow/core resolve to devalue@5.8.1.

Changes:

• Bump the root pnpm.overrides.devalue from 5.6.3 to 5.8.1.
• Bump @workflow/core’s direct devalue dependency to 5.8.1.
• Refresh pnpm-lock.yaml and add a patch changeset for workflow and @workflow/core.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 3 out of 4 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

File	Description
package.json	Updates the workspace pnpm override to force devalue@5.8.1.
packages/core/package.json	Pins @workflow/core’s direct devalue dependency to 5.8.1.
pnpm-lock.yaml	Lockfile refresh to reflect devalue@5.8.1 across importers/snapshots and package resolution.
.changeset/strong-cups-sip.md	Adds a patch changeset documenting the security-related dependency bump.

Files not reviewed (1)

• pnpm-lock.yaml: Language not supported

---

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[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2294. (backport job run)

[pranaygp]

Summary

• bump the root devalue override from 5.6.3 to 5.8.1
• bump @workflow/core's direct devalue dependency to 5.8.1
• refresh the lockfile and add a patch changeset for workflow and @workflow/core

Context

Issue #2284 reported high-severity advisories from npm audit affecting the published devalue path. The undici portion was already addressed separately by #2231, so this PR isolates the remaining actionable dependency fix.

Validation

• pnpm install --ignore-scripts
• pnpm audit --prod with no devalue findings
• pnpm --filter @workflow/utils --filter @workflow/errors --filter @workflow/serde build
• pnpm --filter @workflow/core exec vitest run src/serialization-format.test.ts src/serialization/serialization.test.ts

Notes

• Local commands ran under Node v25.2.1, so pnpm emitted the repo's unsupported-engine warning (^18 || ^20 || ^22 || ^24), but the commands above completed successfully.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: d64516f

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production	1262	4	219	1485
✅ 💻 Local Development	1671	0	219	1890
❌ 📦 Local Production	1669	2	219	1890
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1671	0	219	1890
✅ 🪟 Windows	135	0	0	135
❌ 📋 Other	768	1	176	945
Total	7176	7	1052	8235

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (4 failed)

express (1 failed):

• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KTM8S3XHVRXD1Z2PWEXSAC0B | 🔍 observability

fastify (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KTM8E70XR7DAX0S4X0QTYPMK | 🔍 observability

hono (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KTM8E70XR7DAX0S4X0QTYPMK | 🔍 observability

vite (1 failed):

• AbortController abortAnyInStepWorkflow: AbortSignal.any inside a step composes deserialized signals

📦 Local Production (2 failed)

fastify-stable (1 failed):

• AbortController abortThrowIfAbortedWorkflow: throwIfAborted causes FatalError, no retries

nextjs-turbopack-canary (1 failed):

• AbortController abortAnyInWorkflowWorkflow: AbortSignal.any composes signals inside the workflow VM

📋 Other (1 failed)

e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start (1 failed):

• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	109	0	26
✅ example	109	0	26
❌ express	108	1	26
❌ fastify	108	1	26
❌ hono	108	1	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	133	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	133	0	2
✅ nitro	109	0	26
✅ nuxt	109	0	26
✅ sveltekit	128	0	7
❌ vite	108	1	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	110	0	25
✅ express-stable	110	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	110	0	25
✅ hono-stable	110	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	110	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	110	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	129	0	6
✅ vite-stable	110	0	25

❌ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	110	0	25
✅ express-stable	110	0	25
❌ fastify-stable	109	1	25
✅ hono-stable	110	0	25
❌ nextjs-turbopack-canary	115	1	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	110	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	110	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	129	0	6
✅ vite-stable	110	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	110	0	25
✅ express-stable	110	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	110	0	25
✅ hono-stable	110	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	110	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	110	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	129	0	6
✅ vite-stable	110	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	135	0	0

❌ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	110	0	25
❌ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	108	1	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: failure
• Local Dev: success
• Local Prod: failure
• Local Postgres: success
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.044s (+2.5%)	1.006s (~)	0.962s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.060s (+9.5% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.946s	10	1.36x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.061s (-3.2%)	1.013s (~)	0.952s	10	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.063s (-4.8%)	1.014s (~)	0.951s	10	1.42x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.066s (-6.3% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.946s	10	1.48x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.090s (-1.0%)	2.007s (~)	0.917s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.103s (-0.9%)	2.010s (~)	0.907s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.108s (+1.4%)	2.009s (~)	0.902s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.130s (+1.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.876s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.140s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.870s	10	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	10.505s (-0.6%)	11.018s (~)	0.513s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.524s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.499s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.557s (-1.5%)	11.020s (-2.9%)	0.463s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.748s (+1.3%)	11.021s (~)	0.273s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.809s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.212s	3	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	13.707s (-1.0%)	14.021s (~)	0.314s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.828s (~)	14.016s (-1.5%)	0.188s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	13.850s (~)	14.027s (-1.4%)	0.177s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.305s (+2.0%)	15.028s (+2.7%)	0.723s	4	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.584s (~)	15.021s (~)	0.437s	4	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	12.434s (-2.4%)	13.018s (~)	0.584s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	12.539s (~)	13.026s (~)	0.487s	7	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.657s (-0.6%)	13.022s (-2.2%)	0.364s	7	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.494s (+4.2%)	14.027s (+5.4% 🔺)	0.532s	7	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.972s (+1.5%)	14.447s (+3.1%)	0.475s	7	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.177s (-1.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.830s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.197s (~)	2.007s (-0.8%)	0.810s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.205s (-4.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.801s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.235s (-1.3%)	2.009s (~)	0.774s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.356s (+10.9% 🔺)	2.005s (~)	0.649s	15	1.15x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.240s (-1.5%)	2.007s (~)	0.767s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.265s (-4.6%)	2.008s (~)	0.742s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.398s (-0.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.609s	15	1.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.851s (+7.2% 🔺)	2.150s (+7.2% 🔺)	0.299s	14	1.49x
💻 Local	Express	1.906s (+1.3%)	2.223s (~)	0.316s	14	1.54x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.371s (-2.5%)	2.006s (~)	0.635s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.413s (+1.4%)	2.007s (~)	0.594s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.721s (-2.2%)	2.154s (-6.1% 🟢)	0.434s	14	1.26x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.680s (+6.5% 🔺)	5.179s (+3.4%)	0.499s	6	3.41x
💻 Local	Express	5.381s (+1.5%)	6.014s (~)	0.633s	5	3.92x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.174s (-2.2%)	2.010s (~)	0.836s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.192s (-0.9%)	2.008s (~)	0.817s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.242s (-1.9%)	2.008s (~)	0.766s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.430s (+9.5% 🔺)	2.073s (+3.4%)	0.643s	15	1.22x
💻 Local	Express	1.578s (-4.7%)	2.007s (-3.2%)	0.429s	15	1.34x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.252s (-1.8%)	2.008s (~)	0.756s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.278s (+2.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.729s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.389s (-0.6%)	2.009s (~)	0.620s	15	1.11x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.029s (~)	2.508s (~)	0.480s	12	1.62x
💻 Local	Express	2.121s (~)	2.591s (~)	0.470s	12	1.69x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.383s (-5.4% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.625s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.409s (-6.1% 🟢)	2.010s (-16.2% 🟢)	0.601s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.676s (+1.2%)	2.076s (~)	0.399s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.849s (-6.0% 🟢)	5.349s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.499s	6	3.51x
💻 Local	Express	5.882s (~)	6.416s (+3.3%)	0.534s	5	4.25x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.543s (-10.8% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.463s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.584s (-12.4% 🟢)	1.007s (-3.9%)	0.422s	60	1.08x
💻 Local	Express	0.639s (-2.6%)	1.039s (~)	0.400s	58	1.18x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.808s (~)	1.024s (+1.7%)	0.216s	59	1.49x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.843s (+21.1% 🔺)	1.021s (+1.7%)	0.178s	59	1.55x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.267s (-10.6% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.740s	45	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.379s (-10.2% 🟢)	2.029s (-5.7% 🟢)	0.650s	45	1.09x
💻 Local	Express	1.570s (-1.4%)	2.007s (-1.1%)	0.437s	45	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.945s (~)	2.101s (-3.3%)	0.157s	43	1.54x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.087s (+20.7% 🔺)	2.820s (+39.1% 🔺)	0.733s	32	1.65x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.560s (-12.1% 🟢)	3.058s (-6.8% 🟢)	0.498s	40	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.852s (-2.1%)	3.193s (-9.8% 🟢)	0.341s	38	1.11x
💻 Local	Express	3.597s (+5.2% 🔺)	4.216s (+5.1% 🔺)	0.619s	29	1.40x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.829s (-0.8%)	4.110s (+0.8%)	0.281s	30	1.50x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.226s (+13.4% 🔺)	5.010s (+21.9% 🔺)	0.784s	24	1.65x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.210s (-11.0% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.796s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.230s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.776s	60	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.261s (-7.3% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.744s	60	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	0.506s (+8.9% 🔺)	1.039s (+3.4%)	0.533s	58	2.41x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.587s (-3.9%)	1.022s (-1.6%)	0.435s	59	2.80x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.322s (-13.1% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.684s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.361s (+6.4% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.645s	90	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.463s (-4.0%)	1.006s (~)	0.542s	90	1.44x
💻 Local	Express	2.225s (+1.5%)	2.714s (-3.8%)	0.489s	34	6.91x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.479s (+1.2%)	3.116s (~)	0.636s	29	7.70x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.627s (-11.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.379s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.717s (+14.6% 🔺)	1.007s (-4.6%)	0.290s	120	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.931s (-4.9%)	1.326s (-17.5% 🟢)	0.395s	91	1.49x
💻 Local	Express	10.104s (-2.1%)	10.529s (-3.1%)	0.425s	12	16.12x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.508s (+1.9%)	11.391s (+0.8%)	0.883s	11	16.76x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.161s (-1.7%)	2.000s (~)	0.001s (-21.4% 🟢)	2.011s (~)	0.850s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.164s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.012s (-3.9%)	2.020s (~)	0.856s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.171s (-2.0%)	1.999s (~)	0.002s (-95.6% 🟢)	2.011s (-1.6%)	0.841s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.200s (+2.7%)	2.003s (~)	0.011s (+4.0%)	2.018s (~)	0.818s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.214s (-1.6%)	2.001s (~)	0.001s (-33.3% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.796s	10	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.546s (-7.1% 🟢)	2.005s (~)	0.004s (+0.9%)	2.023s (~)	0.477s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.661s (-4.4%)	2.003s (-6.5% 🟢)	0.004s (+33.2% 🔺)	2.026s (-6.2% 🟢)	0.366s	30	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.728s (-2.0%)	2.008s (~)	0.004s (-3.3%)	2.023s (~)	0.296s	30	1.12x
💻 Local	Express	1.796s (+9.8% 🔺)	2.011s (~)	0.011s (-2.9%)	2.202s (+8.8% 🔺)	0.406s	28	1.16x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.930s (+17.7% 🔺)	2.046s (+1.8%)	0.010s (-1.0%)	2.244s (+11.0% 🔺)	0.314s	27	1.25x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.658s (-9.0% 🟢)	1.033s (~)	0.000s (-32.2% 🟢)	1.056s (+0.8%)	0.398s	57	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.763s (-22.0% 🟢)	1.032s (-27.7% 🟢)	0.000s (-75.9% 🟢)	1.042s (-28.0% 🟢)	0.280s	58	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.829s (~)	1.068s (~)	0.000s (-50.9% 🟢)	1.080s (~)	0.251s	57	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	1.446s (-2.4%)	2.014s (~)	0.001s (+26.7% 🔺)	2.016s (~)	0.570s	30	2.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.513s (+4.6%)	2.013s (~)	0.000s (+75.0% 🔺)	2.016s (~)	0.503s	30	2.30x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.355s (-3.9%)	2.069s (+3.7%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.099s (+4.3%)	0.743s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.503s (-6.9% 🟢)	2.141s (-5.0%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.159s (-5.3% 🟢)	0.656s	28	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.693s (-2.0%)	2.147s (-5.1% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.174s (-4.2%)	0.481s	28	1.25x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.118s (-3.0%)	3.672s (-5.8% 🟢)	0.000s (-24.7% 🟢)	3.676s (-5.7% 🟢)	0.558s	17	2.30x
💻 Local	Express	3.296s (-1.1%)	3.903s (+1.7%)	0.000s (-16.7% 🟢)	3.905s (+1.6%)	0.610s	16	2.43x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	15/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	21/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	16/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	15/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	21/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: failure
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[socket-security]

Review the following changes in direct dependencies. Learn more about Socket for GitHub.

Diff	Package	Supply Chain Security	Vulnerability	Quality	Maintenance	License
	npm/​devalue@​5.8.1

View full report

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This PR updates the repository’s devalue dependency to a non-vulnerable version to address the security advisories reported in Issue #2284, ensuring both the workspace override and @workflow/core resolve to devalue@5.8.1.

Changes:

• Bump the root pnpm.overrides.devalue from 5.6.3 to 5.8.1.
• Bump @workflow/core’s direct devalue dependency to 5.8.1.
• Refresh pnpm-lock.yaml and add a patch changeset for workflow and @workflow/core.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 3 out of 4 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

File	Description
package.json	Updates the workspace pnpm override to force devalue@5.8.1.
packages/core/package.json	Pins @workflow/core’s direct devalue dependency to 5.8.1.
pnpm-lock.yaml	Lockfile refresh to reflect devalue@5.8.1 across importers/snapshots and package resolution.
.changeset/strong-cups-sip.md	Adds a patch changeset documenting the security-related dependency bump.

Files not reviewed (1)

• pnpm-lock.yaml: Language not supported

---

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[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2294. (backport job run)

[pranaygp]

Summary

• bump the root devalue override from 5.6.3 to 5.8.1
• bump @workflow/core's direct devalue dependency to 5.8.1
• refresh the lockfile and add a patch changeset for workflow and @workflow/core

Context

Issue #2284 reported high-severity advisories from npm audit affecting the published devalue path. The undici portion was already addressed separately by #2231, so this PR isolates the remaining actionable dependency fix.

Validation

• pnpm install --ignore-scripts
• pnpm audit --prod with no devalue findings
• pnpm --filter @workflow/utils --filter @workflow/errors --filter @workflow/serde build
• pnpm --filter @workflow/core exec vitest run src/serialization-format.test.ts src/serialization/serialization.test.ts

Notes

• Local commands ran under Node v25.2.1, so pnpm emitted the repo's unsupported-engine warning (^18 || ^20 || ^22 || ^24), but the commands above completed successfully.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: d64516f

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production	1262	4	219	1485
✅ 💻 Local Development	1671	0	219	1890
❌ 📦 Local Production	1669	2	219	1890
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1671	0	219	1890
✅ 🪟 Windows	135	0	0	135
❌ 📋 Other	768	1	176	945
Total	7176	7	1052	8235

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (4 failed)

express (1 failed):

• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KTM8S3XHVRXD1Z2PWEXSAC0B | 🔍 observability

fastify (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KTM8E70XR7DAX0S4X0QTYPMK | 🔍 observability

hono (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KTM8E70XR7DAX0S4X0QTYPMK | 🔍 observability

vite (1 failed):

• AbortController abortAnyInStepWorkflow: AbortSignal.any inside a step composes deserialized signals

📦 Local Production (2 failed)

fastify-stable (1 failed):

• AbortController abortThrowIfAbortedWorkflow: throwIfAborted causes FatalError, no retries

nextjs-turbopack-canary (1 failed):

• AbortController abortAnyInWorkflowWorkflow: AbortSignal.any composes signals inside the workflow VM

📋 Other (1 failed)

e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start (1 failed):

• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	109	0	26
✅ example	109	0	26
❌ express	108	1	26
❌ fastify	108	1	26
❌ hono	108	1	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	133	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	133	0	2
✅ nitro	109	0	26
✅ nuxt	109	0	26
✅ sveltekit	128	0	7
❌ vite	108	1	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	110	0	25
✅ express-stable	110	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	110	0	25
✅ hono-stable	110	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	110	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	110	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	129	0	6
✅ vite-stable	110	0	25

❌ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	110	0	25
✅ express-stable	110	0	25
❌ fastify-stable	109	1	25
✅ hono-stable	110	0	25
❌ nextjs-turbopack-canary	115	1	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	110	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	110	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	129	0	6
✅ vite-stable	110	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	110	0	25
✅ express-stable	110	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	110	0	25
✅ hono-stable	110	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	110	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	110	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	129	0	6
✅ vite-stable	110	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	135	0	0

❌ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	110	0	25
❌ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	108	1	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: failure
• Local Dev: success
• Local Prod: failure
• Local Postgres: success
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.044s (+2.5%)	1.006s (~)	0.962s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.060s (+9.5% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.946s	10	1.36x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.061s (-3.2%)	1.013s (~)	0.952s	10	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.063s (-4.8%)	1.014s (~)	0.951s	10	1.42x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.066s (-6.3% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.946s	10	1.48x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.090s (-1.0%)	2.007s (~)	0.917s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.103s (-0.9%)	2.010s (~)	0.907s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.108s (+1.4%)	2.009s (~)	0.902s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.130s (+1.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.876s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.140s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.870s	10	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	10.505s (-0.6%)	11.018s (~)	0.513s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.524s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.499s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.557s (-1.5%)	11.020s (-2.9%)	0.463s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.748s (+1.3%)	11.021s (~)	0.273s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.809s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.212s	3	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	13.707s (-1.0%)	14.021s (~)	0.314s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.828s (~)	14.016s (-1.5%)	0.188s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	13.850s (~)	14.027s (-1.4%)	0.177s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.305s (+2.0%)	15.028s (+2.7%)	0.723s	4	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.584s (~)	15.021s (~)	0.437s	4	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	12.434s (-2.4%)	13.018s (~)	0.584s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	12.539s (~)	13.026s (~)	0.487s	7	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.657s (-0.6%)	13.022s (-2.2%)	0.364s	7	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.494s (+4.2%)	14.027s (+5.4% 🔺)	0.532s	7	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.972s (+1.5%)	14.447s (+3.1%)	0.475s	7	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.177s (-1.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.830s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.197s (~)	2.007s (-0.8%)	0.810s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.205s (-4.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.801s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.235s (-1.3%)	2.009s (~)	0.774s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.356s (+10.9% 🔺)	2.005s (~)	0.649s	15	1.15x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.240s (-1.5%)	2.007s (~)	0.767s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.265s (-4.6%)	2.008s (~)	0.742s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.398s (-0.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.609s	15	1.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.851s (+7.2% 🔺)	2.150s (+7.2% 🔺)	0.299s	14	1.49x
💻 Local	Express	1.906s (+1.3%)	2.223s (~)	0.316s	14	1.54x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.371s (-2.5%)	2.006s (~)	0.635s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.413s (+1.4%)	2.007s (~)	0.594s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.721s (-2.2%)	2.154s (-6.1% 🟢)	0.434s	14	1.26x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.680s (+6.5% 🔺)	5.179s (+3.4%)	0.499s	6	3.41x
💻 Local	Express	5.381s (+1.5%)	6.014s (~)	0.633s	5	3.92x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.174s (-2.2%)	2.010s (~)	0.836s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.192s (-0.9%)	2.008s (~)	0.817s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.242s (-1.9%)	2.008s (~)	0.766s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.430s (+9.5% 🔺)	2.073s (+3.4%)	0.643s	15	1.22x
💻 Local	Express	1.578s (-4.7%)	2.007s (-3.2%)	0.429s	15	1.34x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.252s (-1.8%)	2.008s (~)	0.756s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.278s (+2.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.729s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.389s (-0.6%)	2.009s (~)	0.620s	15	1.11x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.029s (~)	2.508s (~)	0.480s	12	1.62x
💻 Local	Express	2.121s (~)	2.591s (~)	0.470s	12	1.69x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.383s (-5.4% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.625s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.409s (-6.1% 🟢)	2.010s (-16.2% 🟢)	0.601s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.676s (+1.2%)	2.076s (~)	0.399s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.849s (-6.0% 🟢)	5.349s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.499s	6	3.51x
💻 Local	Express	5.882s (~)	6.416s (+3.3%)	0.534s	5	4.25x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.543s (-10.8% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.463s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.584s (-12.4% 🟢)	1.007s (-3.9%)	0.422s	60	1.08x
💻 Local	Express	0.639s (-2.6%)	1.039s (~)	0.400s	58	1.18x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.808s (~)	1.024s (+1.7%)	0.216s	59	1.49x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.843s (+21.1% 🔺)	1.021s (+1.7%)	0.178s	59	1.55x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.267s (-10.6% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.740s	45	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.379s (-10.2% 🟢)	2.029s (-5.7% 🟢)	0.650s	45	1.09x
💻 Local	Express	1.570s (-1.4%)	2.007s (-1.1%)	0.437s	45	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.945s (~)	2.101s (-3.3%)	0.157s	43	1.54x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.087s (+20.7% 🔺)	2.820s (+39.1% 🔺)	0.733s	32	1.65x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.560s (-12.1% 🟢)	3.058s (-6.8% 🟢)	0.498s	40	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.852s (-2.1%)	3.193s (-9.8% 🟢)	0.341s	38	1.11x
💻 Local	Express	3.597s (+5.2% 🔺)	4.216s (+5.1% 🔺)	0.619s	29	1.40x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.829s (-0.8%)	4.110s (+0.8%)	0.281s	30	1.50x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.226s (+13.4% 🔺)	5.010s (+21.9% 🔺)	0.784s	24	1.65x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.210s (-11.0% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.796s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.230s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.776s	60	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.261s (-7.3% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.744s	60	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	0.506s (+8.9% 🔺)	1.039s (+3.4%)	0.533s	58	2.41x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.587s (-3.9%)	1.022s (-1.6%)	0.435s	59	2.80x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.322s (-13.1% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.684s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.361s (+6.4% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.645s	90	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.463s (-4.0%)	1.006s (~)	0.542s	90	1.44x
💻 Local	Express	2.225s (+1.5%)	2.714s (-3.8%)	0.489s	34	6.91x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.479s (+1.2%)	3.116s (~)	0.636s	29	7.70x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.627s (-11.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.379s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.717s (+14.6% 🔺)	1.007s (-4.6%)	0.290s	120	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.931s (-4.9%)	1.326s (-17.5% 🟢)	0.395s	91	1.49x
💻 Local	Express	10.104s (-2.1%)	10.529s (-3.1%)	0.425s	12	16.12x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.508s (+1.9%)	11.391s (+0.8%)	0.883s	11	16.76x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.161s (-1.7%)	2.000s (~)	0.001s (-21.4% 🟢)	2.011s (~)	0.850s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.164s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.012s (-3.9%)	2.020s (~)	0.856s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.171s (-2.0%)	1.999s (~)	0.002s (-95.6% 🟢)	2.011s (-1.6%)	0.841s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.200s (+2.7%)	2.003s (~)	0.011s (+4.0%)	2.018s (~)	0.818s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.214s (-1.6%)	2.001s (~)	0.001s (-33.3% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.796s	10	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.546s (-7.1% 🟢)	2.005s (~)	0.004s (+0.9%)	2.023s (~)	0.477s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.661s (-4.4%)	2.003s (-6.5% 🟢)	0.004s (+33.2% 🔺)	2.026s (-6.2% 🟢)	0.366s	30	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.728s (-2.0%)	2.008s (~)	0.004s (-3.3%)	2.023s (~)	0.296s	30	1.12x
💻 Local	Express	1.796s (+9.8% 🔺)	2.011s (~)	0.011s (-2.9%)	2.202s (+8.8% 🔺)	0.406s	28	1.16x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.930s (+17.7% 🔺)	2.046s (+1.8%)	0.010s (-1.0%)	2.244s (+11.0% 🔺)	0.314s	27	1.25x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.658s (-9.0% 🟢)	1.033s (~)	0.000s (-32.2% 🟢)	1.056s (+0.8%)	0.398s	57	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.763s (-22.0% 🟢)	1.032s (-27.7% 🟢)	0.000s (-75.9% 🟢)	1.042s (-28.0% 🟢)	0.280s	58	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.829s (~)	1.068s (~)	0.000s (-50.9% 🟢)	1.080s (~)	0.251s	57	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	1.446s (-2.4%)	2.014s (~)	0.001s (+26.7% 🔺)	2.016s (~)	0.570s	30	2.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.513s (+4.6%)	2.013s (~)	0.000s (+75.0% 🔺)	2.016s (~)	0.503s	30	2.30x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.355s (-3.9%)	2.069s (+3.7%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.099s (+4.3%)	0.743s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.503s (-6.9% 🟢)	2.141s (-5.0%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.159s (-5.3% 🟢)	0.656s	28	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.693s (-2.0%)	2.147s (-5.1% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.174s (-4.2%)	0.481s	28	1.25x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.118s (-3.0%)	3.672s (-5.8% 🟢)	0.000s (-24.7% 🟢)	3.676s (-5.7% 🟢)	0.558s	17	2.30x
💻 Local	Express	3.296s (-1.1%)	3.903s (+1.7%)	0.000s (-16.7% 🟢)	3.905s (+1.6%)	0.610s	16	2.43x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	15/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	21/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	16/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	15/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	21/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: failure
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[socket-security]

Review the following changes in direct dependencies. Learn more about Socket for GitHub.

Diff	Package	Supply Chain Security	Vulnerability	Quality	Maintenance	License
	npm/​devalue@​5.8.1

View full report

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This PR updates the repository’s devalue dependency to a non-vulnerable version to address the security advisories reported in Issue #2284, ensuring both the workspace override and @workflow/core resolve to devalue@5.8.1.

Changes:

• Bump the root pnpm.overrides.devalue from 5.6.3 to 5.8.1.
• Bump @workflow/core’s direct devalue dependency to 5.8.1.
• Refresh pnpm-lock.yaml and add a patch changeset for workflow and @workflow/core.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 3 out of 4 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

File	Description
package.json	Updates the workspace pnpm override to force devalue@5.8.1.
packages/core/package.json	Pins @workflow/core’s direct devalue dependency to 5.8.1.
pnpm-lock.yaml	Lockfile refresh to reflect devalue@5.8.1 across importers/snapshots and package resolution.
.changeset/strong-cups-sip.md	Adds a patch changeset documenting the security-related dependency bump.

Files not reviewed (1)

• pnpm-lock.yaml: Language not supported

---

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[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2294. (backport job run)

[pranaygp]

Summary

• bump the root devalue override from 5.6.3 to 5.8.1
• bump @workflow/core's direct devalue dependency to 5.8.1
• refresh the lockfile and add a patch changeset for workflow and @workflow/core

Context

Issue #2284 reported high-severity advisories from npm audit affecting the published devalue path. The undici portion was already addressed separately by #2231, so this PR isolates the remaining actionable dependency fix.

Validation

• pnpm install --ignore-scripts
• pnpm audit --prod with no devalue findings
• pnpm --filter @workflow/utils --filter @workflow/errors --filter @workflow/serde build
• pnpm --filter @workflow/core exec vitest run src/serialization-format.test.ts src/serialization/serialization.test.ts

Notes

• Local commands ran under Node v25.2.1, so pnpm emitted the repo's unsupported-engine warning (^18 || ^20 || ^22 || ^24), but the commands above completed successfully.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: d64516f

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production	1262	4	219	1485
✅ 💻 Local Development	1671	0	219	1890
❌ 📦 Local Production	1669	2	219	1890
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1671	0	219	1890
✅ 🪟 Windows	135	0	0	135
❌ 📋 Other	768	1	176	945
Total	7176	7	1052	8235

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (4 failed)

express (1 failed):

• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KTM8S3XHVRXD1Z2PWEXSAC0B | 🔍 observability

fastify (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KTM8E70XR7DAX0S4X0QTYPMK | 🔍 observability

hono (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KTM8E70XR7DAX0S4X0QTYPMK | 🔍 observability

vite (1 failed):

• AbortController abortAnyInStepWorkflow: AbortSignal.any inside a step composes deserialized signals

📦 Local Production (2 failed)

fastify-stable (1 failed):

• AbortController abortThrowIfAbortedWorkflow: throwIfAborted causes FatalError, no retries

nextjs-turbopack-canary (1 failed):

• AbortController abortAnyInWorkflowWorkflow: AbortSignal.any composes signals inside the workflow VM

📋 Other (1 failed)

e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start (1 failed):

• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	109	0	26
✅ example	109	0	26
❌ express	108	1	26
❌ fastify	108	1	26
❌ hono	108	1	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	133	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	133	0	2
✅ nitro	109	0	26
✅ nuxt	109	0	26
✅ sveltekit	128	0	7
❌ vite	108	1	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	110	0	25
✅ express-stable	110	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	110	0	25
✅ hono-stable	110	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	110	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	110	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	129	0	6
✅ vite-stable	110	0	25

❌ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	110	0	25
✅ express-stable	110	0	25
❌ fastify-stable	109	1	25
✅ hono-stable	110	0	25
❌ nextjs-turbopack-canary	115	1	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	110	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	110	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	129	0	6
✅ vite-stable	110	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	110	0	25
✅ express-stable	110	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	110	0	25
✅ hono-stable	110	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	110	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	110	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	129	0	6
✅ vite-stable	110	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	135	0	0

❌ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	110	0	25
❌ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	108	1	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: failure
• Local Dev: success
• Local Prod: failure
• Local Postgres: success
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.044s (+2.5%)	1.006s (~)	0.962s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.060s (+9.5% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.946s	10	1.36x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.061s (-3.2%)	1.013s (~)	0.952s	10	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.063s (-4.8%)	1.014s (~)	0.951s	10	1.42x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.066s (-6.3% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.946s	10	1.48x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.090s (-1.0%)	2.007s (~)	0.917s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.103s (-0.9%)	2.010s (~)	0.907s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.108s (+1.4%)	2.009s (~)	0.902s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.130s (+1.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.876s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.140s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.870s	10	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	10.505s (-0.6%)	11.018s (~)	0.513s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.524s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.499s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.557s (-1.5%)	11.020s (-2.9%)	0.463s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.748s (+1.3%)	11.021s (~)	0.273s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.809s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.212s	3	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	13.707s (-1.0%)	14.021s (~)	0.314s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.828s (~)	14.016s (-1.5%)	0.188s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	13.850s (~)	14.027s (-1.4%)	0.177s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.305s (+2.0%)	15.028s (+2.7%)	0.723s	4	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.584s (~)	15.021s (~)	0.437s	4	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	12.434s (-2.4%)	13.018s (~)	0.584s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	12.539s (~)	13.026s (~)	0.487s	7	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.657s (-0.6%)	13.022s (-2.2%)	0.364s	7	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.494s (+4.2%)	14.027s (+5.4% 🔺)	0.532s	7	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.972s (+1.5%)	14.447s (+3.1%)	0.475s	7	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.177s (-1.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.830s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.197s (~)	2.007s (-0.8%)	0.810s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.205s (-4.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.801s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.235s (-1.3%)	2.009s (~)	0.774s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.356s (+10.9% 🔺)	2.005s (~)	0.649s	15	1.15x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.240s (-1.5%)	2.007s (~)	0.767s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.265s (-4.6%)	2.008s (~)	0.742s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.398s (-0.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.609s	15	1.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.851s (+7.2% 🔺)	2.150s (+7.2% 🔺)	0.299s	14	1.49x
💻 Local	Express	1.906s (+1.3%)	2.223s (~)	0.316s	14	1.54x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.371s (-2.5%)	2.006s (~)	0.635s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.413s (+1.4%)	2.007s (~)	0.594s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.721s (-2.2%)	2.154s (-6.1% 🟢)	0.434s	14	1.26x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.680s (+6.5% 🔺)	5.179s (+3.4%)	0.499s	6	3.41x
💻 Local	Express	5.381s (+1.5%)	6.014s (~)	0.633s	5	3.92x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.174s (-2.2%)	2.010s (~)	0.836s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.192s (-0.9%)	2.008s (~)	0.817s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.242s (-1.9%)	2.008s (~)	0.766s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.430s (+9.5% 🔺)	2.073s (+3.4%)	0.643s	15	1.22x
💻 Local	Express	1.578s (-4.7%)	2.007s (-3.2%)	0.429s	15	1.34x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.252s (-1.8%)	2.008s (~)	0.756s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.278s (+2.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.729s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.389s (-0.6%)	2.009s (~)	0.620s	15	1.11x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.029s (~)	2.508s (~)	0.480s	12	1.62x
💻 Local	Express	2.121s (~)	2.591s (~)	0.470s	12	1.69x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.383s (-5.4% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.625s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.409s (-6.1% 🟢)	2.010s (-16.2% 🟢)	0.601s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.676s (+1.2%)	2.076s (~)	0.399s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.849s (-6.0% 🟢)	5.349s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.499s	6	3.51x
💻 Local	Express	5.882s (~)	6.416s (+3.3%)	0.534s	5	4.25x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.543s (-10.8% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.463s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.584s (-12.4% 🟢)	1.007s (-3.9%)	0.422s	60	1.08x
💻 Local	Express	0.639s (-2.6%)	1.039s (~)	0.400s	58	1.18x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.808s (~)	1.024s (+1.7%)	0.216s	59	1.49x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.843s (+21.1% 🔺)	1.021s (+1.7%)	0.178s	59	1.55x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.267s (-10.6% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.740s	45	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.379s (-10.2% 🟢)	2.029s (-5.7% 🟢)	0.650s	45	1.09x
💻 Local	Express	1.570s (-1.4%)	2.007s (-1.1%)	0.437s	45	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.945s (~)	2.101s (-3.3%)	0.157s	43	1.54x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.087s (+20.7% 🔺)	2.820s (+39.1% 🔺)	0.733s	32	1.65x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.560s (-12.1% 🟢)	3.058s (-6.8% 🟢)	0.498s	40	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.852s (-2.1%)	3.193s (-9.8% 🟢)	0.341s	38	1.11x
💻 Local	Express	3.597s (+5.2% 🔺)	4.216s (+5.1% 🔺)	0.619s	29	1.40x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.829s (-0.8%)	4.110s (+0.8%)	0.281s	30	1.50x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.226s (+13.4% 🔺)	5.010s (+21.9% 🔺)	0.784s	24	1.65x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.210s (-11.0% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.796s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.230s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.776s	60	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.261s (-7.3% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.744s	60	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	0.506s (+8.9% 🔺)	1.039s (+3.4%)	0.533s	58	2.41x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.587s (-3.9%)	1.022s (-1.6%)	0.435s	59	2.80x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.322s (-13.1% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.684s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.361s (+6.4% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.645s	90	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.463s (-4.0%)	1.006s (~)	0.542s	90	1.44x
💻 Local	Express	2.225s (+1.5%)	2.714s (-3.8%)	0.489s	34	6.91x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.479s (+1.2%)	3.116s (~)	0.636s	29	7.70x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.627s (-11.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.379s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.717s (+14.6% 🔺)	1.007s (-4.6%)	0.290s	120	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.931s (-4.9%)	1.326s (-17.5% 🟢)	0.395s	91	1.49x
💻 Local	Express	10.104s (-2.1%)	10.529s (-3.1%)	0.425s	12	16.12x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.508s (+1.9%)	11.391s (+0.8%)	0.883s	11	16.76x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.161s (-1.7%)	2.000s (~)	0.001s (-21.4% 🟢)	2.011s (~)	0.850s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.164s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.012s (-3.9%)	2.020s (~)	0.856s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.171s (-2.0%)	1.999s (~)	0.002s (-95.6% 🟢)	2.011s (-1.6%)	0.841s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.200s (+2.7%)	2.003s (~)	0.011s (+4.0%)	2.018s (~)	0.818s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.214s (-1.6%)	2.001s (~)	0.001s (-33.3% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.796s	10	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.546s (-7.1% 🟢)	2.005s (~)	0.004s (+0.9%)	2.023s (~)	0.477s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.661s (-4.4%)	2.003s (-6.5% 🟢)	0.004s (+33.2% 🔺)	2.026s (-6.2% 🟢)	0.366s	30	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.728s (-2.0%)	2.008s (~)	0.004s (-3.3%)	2.023s (~)	0.296s	30	1.12x
💻 Local	Express	1.796s (+9.8% 🔺)	2.011s (~)	0.011s (-2.9%)	2.202s (+8.8% 🔺)	0.406s	28	1.16x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.930s (+17.7% 🔺)	2.046s (+1.8%)	0.010s (-1.0%)	2.244s (+11.0% 🔺)	0.314s	27	1.25x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.658s (-9.0% 🟢)	1.033s (~)	0.000s (-32.2% 🟢)	1.056s (+0.8%)	0.398s	57	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.763s (-22.0% 🟢)	1.032s (-27.7% 🟢)	0.000s (-75.9% 🟢)	1.042s (-28.0% 🟢)	0.280s	58	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.829s (~)	1.068s (~)	0.000s (-50.9% 🟢)	1.080s (~)	0.251s	57	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	1.446s (-2.4%)	2.014s (~)	0.001s (+26.7% 🔺)	2.016s (~)	0.570s	30	2.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.513s (+4.6%)	2.013s (~)	0.000s (+75.0% 🔺)	2.016s (~)	0.503s	30	2.30x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.355s (-3.9%)	2.069s (+3.7%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.099s (+4.3%)	0.743s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.503s (-6.9% 🟢)	2.141s (-5.0%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.159s (-5.3% 🟢)	0.656s	28	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.693s (-2.0%)	2.147s (-5.1% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.174s (-4.2%)	0.481s	28	1.25x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.118s (-3.0%)	3.672s (-5.8% 🟢)	0.000s (-24.7% 🟢)	3.676s (-5.7% 🟢)	0.558s	17	2.30x
💻 Local	Express	3.296s (-1.1%)	3.903s (+1.7%)	0.000s (-16.7% 🟢)	3.905s (+1.6%)	0.610s	16	2.43x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	15/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	21/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	16/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	15/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	21/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: failure
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[socket-security]

Review the following changes in direct dependencies. Learn more about Socket for GitHub.

Diff	Package	Supply Chain Security	Vulnerability	Quality	Maintenance	License
	npm/​devalue@​5.8.1

View full report

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This PR updates the repository’s devalue dependency to a non-vulnerable version to address the security advisories reported in Issue #2284, ensuring both the workspace override and @workflow/core resolve to devalue@5.8.1.

Changes:

• Bump the root pnpm.overrides.devalue from 5.6.3 to 5.8.1.
• Bump @workflow/core’s direct devalue dependency to 5.8.1.
• Refresh pnpm-lock.yaml and add a patch changeset for workflow and @workflow/core.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 3 out of 4 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

File	Description
package.json	Updates the workspace pnpm override to force devalue@5.8.1.
packages/core/package.json	Pins @workflow/core’s direct devalue dependency to 5.8.1.
pnpm-lock.yaml	Lockfile refresh to reflect devalue@5.8.1 across importers/snapshots and package resolution.
.changeset/strong-cups-sip.md	Adds a patch changeset documenting the security-related dependency bump.

Files not reviewed (1)

• pnpm-lock.yaml: Language not supported

---

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[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2294. (backport job run)

[pranaygp]

Summary

• bump the root devalue override from 5.6.3 to 5.8.1
• bump @workflow/core's direct devalue dependency to 5.8.1
• refresh the lockfile and add a patch changeset for workflow and @workflow/core

Context

Issue #2284 reported high-severity advisories from npm audit affecting the published devalue path. The undici portion was already addressed separately by #2231, so this PR isolates the remaining actionable dependency fix.

Validation

• pnpm install --ignore-scripts
• pnpm audit --prod with no devalue findings
• pnpm --filter @workflow/utils --filter @workflow/errors --filter @workflow/serde build
• pnpm --filter @workflow/core exec vitest run src/serialization-format.test.ts src/serialization/serialization.test.ts

Notes

• Local commands ran under Node v25.2.1, so pnpm emitted the repo's unsupported-engine warning (^18 || ^20 || ^22 || ^24), but the commands above completed successfully.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: d64516f

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production	1262	4	219	1485
✅ 💻 Local Development	1671	0	219	1890
❌ 📦 Local Production	1669	2	219	1890
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1671	0	219	1890
✅ 🪟 Windows	135	0	0	135
❌ 📋 Other	768	1	176	945
Total	7176	7	1052	8235

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (4 failed)

express (1 failed):

• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KTM8S3XHVRXD1Z2PWEXSAC0B | 🔍 observability

fastify (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KTM8E70XR7DAX0S4X0QTYPMK | 🔍 observability

hono (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KTM8E70XR7DAX0S4X0QTYPMK | 🔍 observability

vite (1 failed):

• AbortController abortAnyInStepWorkflow: AbortSignal.any inside a step composes deserialized signals

📦 Local Production (2 failed)

fastify-stable (1 failed):

• AbortController abortThrowIfAbortedWorkflow: throwIfAborted causes FatalError, no retries

nextjs-turbopack-canary (1 failed):

• AbortController abortAnyInWorkflowWorkflow: AbortSignal.any composes signals inside the workflow VM

📋 Other (1 failed)

e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start (1 failed):

• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	109	0	26
✅ example	109	0	26
❌ express	108	1	26
❌ fastify	108	1	26
❌ hono	108	1	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	133	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	133	0	2
✅ nitro	109	0	26
✅ nuxt	109	0	26
✅ sveltekit	128	0	7
❌ vite	108	1	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	110	0	25
✅ express-stable	110	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	110	0	25
✅ hono-stable	110	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	110	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	110	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	129	0	6
✅ vite-stable	110	0	25

❌ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	110	0	25
✅ express-stable	110	0	25
❌ fastify-stable	109	1	25
✅ hono-stable	110	0	25
❌ nextjs-turbopack-canary	115	1	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	110	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	110	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	129	0	6
✅ vite-stable	110	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	110	0	25
✅ express-stable	110	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	110	0	25
✅ hono-stable	110	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	110	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	110	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	129	0	6
✅ vite-stable	110	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	135	0	0

❌ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	110	0	25
❌ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	108	1	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: failure
• Local Dev: success
• Local Prod: failure
• Local Postgres: success
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.044s (+2.5%)	1.006s (~)	0.962s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.060s (+9.5% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.946s	10	1.36x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.061s (-3.2%)	1.013s (~)	0.952s	10	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.063s (-4.8%)	1.014s (~)	0.951s	10	1.42x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.066s (-6.3% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.946s	10	1.48x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.090s (-1.0%)	2.007s (~)	0.917s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.103s (-0.9%)	2.010s (~)	0.907s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.108s (+1.4%)	2.009s (~)	0.902s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.130s (+1.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.876s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.140s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.870s	10	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	10.505s (-0.6%)	11.018s (~)	0.513s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.524s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.499s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.557s (-1.5%)	11.020s (-2.9%)	0.463s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.748s (+1.3%)	11.021s (~)	0.273s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.809s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.212s	3	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	13.707s (-1.0%)	14.021s (~)	0.314s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.828s (~)	14.016s (-1.5%)	0.188s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	13.850s (~)	14.027s (-1.4%)	0.177s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.305s (+2.0%)	15.028s (+2.7%)	0.723s	4	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.584s (~)	15.021s (~)	0.437s	4	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	12.434s (-2.4%)	13.018s (~)	0.584s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	12.539s (~)	13.026s (~)	0.487s	7	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.657s (-0.6%)	13.022s (-2.2%)	0.364s	7	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.494s (+4.2%)	14.027s (+5.4% 🔺)	0.532s	7	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.972s (+1.5%)	14.447s (+3.1%)	0.475s	7	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.177s (-1.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.830s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.197s (~)	2.007s (-0.8%)	0.810s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.205s (-4.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.801s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.235s (-1.3%)	2.009s (~)	0.774s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.356s (+10.9% 🔺)	2.005s (~)	0.649s	15	1.15x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.240s (-1.5%)	2.007s (~)	0.767s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.265s (-4.6%)	2.008s (~)	0.742s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.398s (-0.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.609s	15	1.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.851s (+7.2% 🔺)	2.150s (+7.2% 🔺)	0.299s	14	1.49x
💻 Local	Express	1.906s (+1.3%)	2.223s (~)	0.316s	14	1.54x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.371s (-2.5%)	2.006s (~)	0.635s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.413s (+1.4%)	2.007s (~)	0.594s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.721s (-2.2%)	2.154s (-6.1% 🟢)	0.434s	14	1.26x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.680s (+6.5% 🔺)	5.179s (+3.4%)	0.499s	6	3.41x
💻 Local	Express	5.381s (+1.5%)	6.014s (~)	0.633s	5	3.92x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.174s (-2.2%)	2.010s (~)	0.836s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.192s (-0.9%)	2.008s (~)	0.817s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.242s (-1.9%)	2.008s (~)	0.766s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.430s (+9.5% 🔺)	2.073s (+3.4%)	0.643s	15	1.22x
💻 Local	Express	1.578s (-4.7%)	2.007s (-3.2%)	0.429s	15	1.34x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.252s (-1.8%)	2.008s (~)	0.756s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.278s (+2.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.729s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.389s (-0.6%)	2.009s (~)	0.620s	15	1.11x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.029s (~)	2.508s (~)	0.480s	12	1.62x
💻 Local	Express	2.121s (~)	2.591s (~)	0.470s	12	1.69x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.383s (-5.4% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.625s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.409s (-6.1% 🟢)	2.010s (-16.2% 🟢)	0.601s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.676s (+1.2%)	2.076s (~)	0.399s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.849s (-6.0% 🟢)	5.349s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.499s	6	3.51x
💻 Local	Express	5.882s (~)	6.416s (+3.3%)	0.534s	5	4.25x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.543s (-10.8% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.463s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.584s (-12.4% 🟢)	1.007s (-3.9%)	0.422s	60	1.08x
💻 Local	Express	0.639s (-2.6%)	1.039s (~)	0.400s	58	1.18x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.808s (~)	1.024s (+1.7%)	0.216s	59	1.49x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.843s (+21.1% 🔺)	1.021s (+1.7%)	0.178s	59	1.55x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.267s (-10.6% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.740s	45	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.379s (-10.2% 🟢)	2.029s (-5.7% 🟢)	0.650s	45	1.09x
💻 Local	Express	1.570s (-1.4%)	2.007s (-1.1%)	0.437s	45	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.945s (~)	2.101s (-3.3%)	0.157s	43	1.54x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.087s (+20.7% 🔺)	2.820s (+39.1% 🔺)	0.733s	32	1.65x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.560s (-12.1% 🟢)	3.058s (-6.8% 🟢)	0.498s	40	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.852s (-2.1%)	3.193s (-9.8% 🟢)	0.341s	38	1.11x
💻 Local	Express	3.597s (+5.2% 🔺)	4.216s (+5.1% 🔺)	0.619s	29	1.40x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.829s (-0.8%)	4.110s (+0.8%)	0.281s	30	1.50x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.226s (+13.4% 🔺)	5.010s (+21.9% 🔺)	0.784s	24	1.65x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.210s (-11.0% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.796s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.230s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.776s	60	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.261s (-7.3% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.744s	60	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	0.506s (+8.9% 🔺)	1.039s (+3.4%)	0.533s	58	2.41x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.587s (-3.9%)	1.022s (-1.6%)	0.435s	59	2.80x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.322s (-13.1% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.684s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.361s (+6.4% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.645s	90	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.463s (-4.0%)	1.006s (~)	0.542s	90	1.44x
💻 Local	Express	2.225s (+1.5%)	2.714s (-3.8%)	0.489s	34	6.91x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.479s (+1.2%)	3.116s (~)	0.636s	29	7.70x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.627s (-11.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.379s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.717s (+14.6% 🔺)	1.007s (-4.6%)	0.290s	120	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.931s (-4.9%)	1.326s (-17.5% 🟢)	0.395s	91	1.49x
💻 Local	Express	10.104s (-2.1%)	10.529s (-3.1%)	0.425s	12	16.12x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.508s (+1.9%)	11.391s (+0.8%)	0.883s	11	16.76x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.161s (-1.7%)	2.000s (~)	0.001s (-21.4% 🟢)	2.011s (~)	0.850s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.164s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.012s (-3.9%)	2.020s (~)	0.856s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.171s (-2.0%)	1.999s (~)	0.002s (-95.6% 🟢)	2.011s (-1.6%)	0.841s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.200s (+2.7%)	2.003s (~)	0.011s (+4.0%)	2.018s (~)	0.818s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.214s (-1.6%)	2.001s (~)	0.001s (-33.3% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.796s	10	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.546s (-7.1% 🟢)	2.005s (~)	0.004s (+0.9%)	2.023s (~)	0.477s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.661s (-4.4%)	2.003s (-6.5% 🟢)	0.004s (+33.2% 🔺)	2.026s (-6.2% 🟢)	0.366s	30	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.728s (-2.0%)	2.008s (~)	0.004s (-3.3%)	2.023s (~)	0.296s	30	1.12x
💻 Local	Express	1.796s (+9.8% 🔺)	2.011s (~)	0.011s (-2.9%)	2.202s (+8.8% 🔺)	0.406s	28	1.16x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.930s (+17.7% 🔺)	2.046s (+1.8%)	0.010s (-1.0%)	2.244s (+11.0% 🔺)	0.314s	27	1.25x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.658s (-9.0% 🟢)	1.033s (~)	0.000s (-32.2% 🟢)	1.056s (+0.8%)	0.398s	57	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.763s (-22.0% 🟢)	1.032s (-27.7% 🟢)	0.000s (-75.9% 🟢)	1.042s (-28.0% 🟢)	0.280s	58	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.829s (~)	1.068s (~)	0.000s (-50.9% 🟢)	1.080s (~)	0.251s	57	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	1.446s (-2.4%)	2.014s (~)	0.001s (+26.7% 🔺)	2.016s (~)	0.570s	30	2.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.513s (+4.6%)	2.013s (~)	0.000s (+75.0% 🔺)	2.016s (~)	0.503s	30	2.30x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.355s (-3.9%)	2.069s (+3.7%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.099s (+4.3%)	0.743s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.503s (-6.9% 🟢)	2.141s (-5.0%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.159s (-5.3% 🟢)	0.656s	28	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.693s (-2.0%)	2.147s (-5.1% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.174s (-4.2%)	0.481s	28	1.25x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.118s (-3.0%)	3.672s (-5.8% 🟢)	0.000s (-24.7% 🟢)	3.676s (-5.7% 🟢)	0.558s	17	2.30x
💻 Local	Express	3.296s (-1.1%)	3.903s (+1.7%)	0.000s (-16.7% 🟢)	3.905s (+1.6%)	0.610s	16	2.43x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	15/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	21/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	16/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	15/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	21/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: failure
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[socket-security]

Review the following changes in direct dependencies. Learn more about Socket for GitHub.

Diff	Package	Supply Chain Security	Vulnerability	Quality	Maintenance	License
	npm/​devalue@​5.8.1

View full report

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This PR updates the repository’s devalue dependency to a non-vulnerable version to address the security advisories reported in Issue #2284, ensuring both the workspace override and @workflow/core resolve to devalue@5.8.1.

Changes:

• Bump the root pnpm.overrides.devalue from 5.6.3 to 5.8.1.
• Bump @workflow/core’s direct devalue dependency to 5.8.1.
• Refresh pnpm-lock.yaml and add a patch changeset for workflow and @workflow/core.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 3 out of 4 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

File	Description
package.json	Updates the workspace pnpm override to force devalue@5.8.1.
packages/core/package.json	Pins @workflow/core’s direct devalue dependency to 5.8.1.
pnpm-lock.yaml	Lockfile refresh to reflect devalue@5.8.1 across importers/snapshots and package resolution.
.changeset/strong-cups-sip.md	Adds a patch changeset documenting the security-related dependency bump.

Files not reviewed (1)

• pnpm-lock.yaml: Language not supported

---

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[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2294. (backport job run)

[pranaygp]

Summary

• bump the root devalue override from 5.6.3 to 5.8.1
• bump @workflow/core's direct devalue dependency to 5.8.1
• refresh the lockfile and add a patch changeset for workflow and @workflow/core

Context

Issue #2284 reported high-severity advisories from npm audit affecting the published devalue path. The undici portion was already addressed separately by #2231, so this PR isolates the remaining actionable dependency fix.

Validation

• pnpm install --ignore-scripts
• pnpm audit --prod with no devalue findings
• pnpm --filter @workflow/utils --filter @workflow/errors --filter @workflow/serde build
• pnpm --filter @workflow/core exec vitest run src/serialization-format.test.ts src/serialization/serialization.test.ts

Notes

• Local commands ran under Node v25.2.1, so pnpm emitted the repo's unsupported-engine warning (^18 || ^20 || ^22 || ^24), but the commands above completed successfully.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: d64516f

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production	1262	4	219	1485
✅ 💻 Local Development	1671	0	219	1890
❌ 📦 Local Production	1669	2	219	1890
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1671	0	219	1890
✅ 🪟 Windows	135	0	0	135
❌ 📋 Other	768	1	176	945
Total	7176	7	1052	8235

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (4 failed)

express (1 failed):

• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KTM8S3XHVRXD1Z2PWEXSAC0B | 🔍 observability

fastify (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KTM8E70XR7DAX0S4X0QTYPMK | 🔍 observability

hono (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KTM8E70XR7DAX0S4X0QTYPMK | 🔍 observability

vite (1 failed):

• AbortController abortAnyInStepWorkflow: AbortSignal.any inside a step composes deserialized signals

📦 Local Production (2 failed)

fastify-stable (1 failed):

• AbortController abortThrowIfAbortedWorkflow: throwIfAborted causes FatalError, no retries

nextjs-turbopack-canary (1 failed):

• AbortController abortAnyInWorkflowWorkflow: AbortSignal.any composes signals inside the workflow VM

📋 Other (1 failed)

e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start (1 failed):

• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	109	0	26
✅ example	109	0	26
❌ express	108	1	26
❌ fastify	108	1	26
❌ hono	108	1	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	133	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	133	0	2
✅ nitro	109	0	26
✅ nuxt	109	0	26
✅ sveltekit	128	0	7
❌ vite	108	1	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	110	0	25
✅ express-stable	110	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	110	0	25
✅ hono-stable	110	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	110	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	110	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	129	0	6
✅ vite-stable	110	0	25

❌ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	110	0	25
✅ express-stable	110	0	25
❌ fastify-stable	109	1	25
✅ hono-stable	110	0	25
❌ nextjs-turbopack-canary	115	1	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	110	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	110	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	129	0	6
✅ vite-stable	110	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	110	0	25
✅ express-stable	110	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	110	0	25
✅ hono-stable	110	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	110	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	110	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	129	0	6
✅ vite-stable	110	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	135	0	0

❌ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	110	0	25
❌ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	108	1	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: failure
• Local Dev: success
• Local Prod: failure
• Local Postgres: success
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.044s (+2.5%)	1.006s (~)	0.962s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.060s (+9.5% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.946s	10	1.36x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.061s (-3.2%)	1.013s (~)	0.952s	10	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.063s (-4.8%)	1.014s (~)	0.951s	10	1.42x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.066s (-6.3% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.946s	10	1.48x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.090s (-1.0%)	2.007s (~)	0.917s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.103s (-0.9%)	2.010s (~)	0.907s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.108s (+1.4%)	2.009s (~)	0.902s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.130s (+1.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.876s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.140s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.870s	10	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	10.505s (-0.6%)	11.018s (~)	0.513s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.524s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.499s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.557s (-1.5%)	11.020s (-2.9%)	0.463s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.748s (+1.3%)	11.021s (~)	0.273s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.809s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.212s	3	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	13.707s (-1.0%)	14.021s (~)	0.314s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.828s (~)	14.016s (-1.5%)	0.188s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	13.850s (~)	14.027s (-1.4%)	0.177s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.305s (+2.0%)	15.028s (+2.7%)	0.723s	4	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.584s (~)	15.021s (~)	0.437s	4	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	12.434s (-2.4%)	13.018s (~)	0.584s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	12.539s (~)	13.026s (~)	0.487s	7	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.657s (-0.6%)	13.022s (-2.2%)	0.364s	7	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.494s (+4.2%)	14.027s (+5.4% 🔺)	0.532s	7	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.972s (+1.5%)	14.447s (+3.1%)	0.475s	7	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.177s (-1.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.830s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.197s (~)	2.007s (-0.8%)	0.810s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.205s (-4.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.801s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.235s (-1.3%)	2.009s (~)	0.774s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.356s (+10.9% 🔺)	2.005s (~)	0.649s	15	1.15x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.240s (-1.5%)	2.007s (~)	0.767s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.265s (-4.6%)	2.008s (~)	0.742s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.398s (-0.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.609s	15	1.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.851s (+7.2% 🔺)	2.150s (+7.2% 🔺)	0.299s	14	1.49x
💻 Local	Express	1.906s (+1.3%)	2.223s (~)	0.316s	14	1.54x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.371s (-2.5%)	2.006s (~)	0.635s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.413s (+1.4%)	2.007s (~)	0.594s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.721s (-2.2%)	2.154s (-6.1% 🟢)	0.434s	14	1.26x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.680s (+6.5% 🔺)	5.179s (+3.4%)	0.499s	6	3.41x
💻 Local	Express	5.381s (+1.5%)	6.014s (~)	0.633s	5	3.92x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.174s (-2.2%)	2.010s (~)	0.836s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.192s (-0.9%)	2.008s (~)	0.817s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.242s (-1.9%)	2.008s (~)	0.766s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.430s (+9.5% 🔺)	2.073s (+3.4%)	0.643s	15	1.22x
💻 Local	Express	1.578s (-4.7%)	2.007s (-3.2%)	0.429s	15	1.34x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.252s (-1.8%)	2.008s (~)	0.756s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.278s (+2.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.729s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.389s (-0.6%)	2.009s (~)	0.620s	15	1.11x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.029s (~)	2.508s (~)	0.480s	12	1.62x
💻 Local	Express	2.121s (~)	2.591s (~)	0.470s	12	1.69x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.383s (-5.4% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.625s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.409s (-6.1% 🟢)	2.010s (-16.2% 🟢)	0.601s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.676s (+1.2%)	2.076s (~)	0.399s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.849s (-6.0% 🟢)	5.349s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.499s	6	3.51x
💻 Local	Express	5.882s (~)	6.416s (+3.3%)	0.534s	5	4.25x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.543s (-10.8% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.463s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.584s (-12.4% 🟢)	1.007s (-3.9%)	0.422s	60	1.08x
💻 Local	Express	0.639s (-2.6%)	1.039s (~)	0.400s	58	1.18x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.808s (~)	1.024s (+1.7%)	0.216s	59	1.49x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.843s (+21.1% 🔺)	1.021s (+1.7%)	0.178s	59	1.55x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.267s (-10.6% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.740s	45	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.379s (-10.2% 🟢)	2.029s (-5.7% 🟢)	0.650s	45	1.09x
💻 Local	Express	1.570s (-1.4%)	2.007s (-1.1%)	0.437s	45	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.945s (~)	2.101s (-3.3%)	0.157s	43	1.54x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.087s (+20.7% 🔺)	2.820s (+39.1% 🔺)	0.733s	32	1.65x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.560s (-12.1% 🟢)	3.058s (-6.8% 🟢)	0.498s	40	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.852s (-2.1%)	3.193s (-9.8% 🟢)	0.341s	38	1.11x
💻 Local	Express	3.597s (+5.2% 🔺)	4.216s (+5.1% 🔺)	0.619s	29	1.40x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.829s (-0.8%)	4.110s (+0.8%)	0.281s	30	1.50x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.226s (+13.4% 🔺)	5.010s (+21.9% 🔺)	0.784s	24	1.65x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.210s (-11.0% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.796s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.230s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.776s	60	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.261s (-7.3% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.744s	60	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	0.506s (+8.9% 🔺)	1.039s (+3.4%)	0.533s	58	2.41x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.587s (-3.9%)	1.022s (-1.6%)	0.435s	59	2.80x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.322s (-13.1% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.684s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.361s (+6.4% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.645s	90	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.463s (-4.0%)	1.006s (~)	0.542s	90	1.44x
💻 Local	Express	2.225s (+1.5%)	2.714s (-3.8%)	0.489s	34	6.91x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.479s (+1.2%)	3.116s (~)	0.636s	29	7.70x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.627s (-11.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.379s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.717s (+14.6% 🔺)	1.007s (-4.6%)	0.290s	120	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.931s (-4.9%)	1.326s (-17.5% 🟢)	0.395s	91	1.49x
💻 Local	Express	10.104s (-2.1%)	10.529s (-3.1%)	0.425s	12	16.12x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.508s (+1.9%)	11.391s (+0.8%)	0.883s	11	16.76x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.161s (-1.7%)	2.000s (~)	0.001s (-21.4% 🟢)	2.011s (~)	0.850s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.164s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.012s (-3.9%)	2.020s (~)	0.856s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.171s (-2.0%)	1.999s (~)	0.002s (-95.6% 🟢)	2.011s (-1.6%)	0.841s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.200s (+2.7%)	2.003s (~)	0.011s (+4.0%)	2.018s (~)	0.818s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.214s (-1.6%)	2.001s (~)	0.001s (-33.3% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.796s	10	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.546s (-7.1% 🟢)	2.005s (~)	0.004s (+0.9%)	2.023s (~)	0.477s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.661s (-4.4%)	2.003s (-6.5% 🟢)	0.004s (+33.2% 🔺)	2.026s (-6.2% 🟢)	0.366s	30	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.728s (-2.0%)	2.008s (~)	0.004s (-3.3%)	2.023s (~)	0.296s	30	1.12x
💻 Local	Express	1.796s (+9.8% 🔺)	2.011s (~)	0.011s (-2.9%)	2.202s (+8.8% 🔺)	0.406s	28	1.16x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.930s (+17.7% 🔺)	2.046s (+1.8%)	0.010s (-1.0%)	2.244s (+11.0% 🔺)	0.314s	27	1.25x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.658s (-9.0% 🟢)	1.033s (~)	0.000s (-32.2% 🟢)	1.056s (+0.8%)	0.398s	57	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.763s (-22.0% 🟢)	1.032s (-27.7% 🟢)	0.000s (-75.9% 🟢)	1.042s (-28.0% 🟢)	0.280s	58	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.829s (~)	1.068s (~)	0.000s (-50.9% 🟢)	1.080s (~)	0.251s	57	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	1.446s (-2.4%)	2.014s (~)	0.001s (+26.7% 🔺)	2.016s (~)	0.570s	30	2.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.513s (+4.6%)	2.013s (~)	0.000s (+75.0% 🔺)	2.016s (~)	0.503s	30	2.30x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.355s (-3.9%)	2.069s (+3.7%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.099s (+4.3%)	0.743s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.503s (-6.9% 🟢)	2.141s (-5.0%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.159s (-5.3% 🟢)	0.656s	28	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.693s (-2.0%)	2.147s (-5.1% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.174s (-4.2%)	0.481s	28	1.25x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.118s (-3.0%)	3.672s (-5.8% 🟢)	0.000s (-24.7% 🟢)	3.676s (-5.7% 🟢)	0.558s	17	2.30x
💻 Local	Express	3.296s (-1.1%)	3.903s (+1.7%)	0.000s (-16.7% 🟢)	3.905s (+1.6%)	0.610s	16	2.43x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	15/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	21/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	16/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	15/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	21/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: failure
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[socket-security]

Review the following changes in direct dependencies. Learn more about Socket for GitHub.

Diff	Package	Supply Chain Security	Vulnerability	Quality	Maintenance	License
	npm/​devalue@​5.8.1

View full report

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This PR updates the repository’s devalue dependency to a non-vulnerable version to address the security advisories reported in Issue #2284, ensuring both the workspace override and @workflow/core resolve to devalue@5.8.1.

Changes:

• Bump the root pnpm.overrides.devalue from 5.6.3 to 5.8.1.
• Bump @workflow/core’s direct devalue dependency to 5.8.1.
• Refresh pnpm-lock.yaml and add a patch changeset for workflow and @workflow/core.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 3 out of 4 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

File	Description
package.json	Updates the workspace pnpm override to force devalue@5.8.1.
packages/core/package.json	Pins @workflow/core’s direct devalue dependency to 5.8.1.
pnpm-lock.yaml	Lockfile refresh to reflect devalue@5.8.1 across importers/snapshots and package resolution.
.changeset/strong-cups-sip.md	Adds a patch changeset documenting the security-related dependency bump.

Files not reviewed (1)

• pnpm-lock.yaml: Language not supported

---

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[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2294. (backport job run)

[pranaygp]

Summary

• bump the root devalue override from 5.6.3 to 5.8.1
• bump @workflow/core's direct devalue dependency to 5.8.1
• refresh the lockfile and add a patch changeset for workflow and @workflow/core

Context

Issue #2284 reported high-severity advisories from npm audit affecting the published devalue path. The undici portion was already addressed separately by #2231, so this PR isolates the remaining actionable dependency fix.

Validation

• pnpm install --ignore-scripts
• pnpm audit --prod with no devalue findings
• pnpm --filter @workflow/utils --filter @workflow/errors --filter @workflow/serde build
• pnpm --filter @workflow/core exec vitest run src/serialization-format.test.ts src/serialization/serialization.test.ts

Notes

• Local commands ran under Node v25.2.1, so pnpm emitted the repo's unsupported-engine warning (^18 || ^20 || ^22 || ^24), but the commands above completed successfully.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: d64516f

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 8, 2026 6:39pm
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[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production	1262	4	219	1485
✅ 💻 Local Development	1671	0	219	1890
❌ 📦 Local Production	1669	2	219	1890
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1671	0	219	1890
✅ 🪟 Windows	135	0	0	135
❌ 📋 Other	768	1	176	945
Total	7176	7	1052	8235

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (4 failed)

express (1 failed):

• startFromWorkflow - calling start() directly inside a workflow function with hook communication | wrun_01KTM8S3XHVRXD1Z2PWEXSAC0B | 🔍 observability

fastify (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KTM8E70XR7DAX0S4X0QTYPMK | 🔍 observability

hono (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KTM8E70XR7DAX0S4X0QTYPMK | 🔍 observability

vite (1 failed):

• AbortController abortAnyInStepWorkflow: AbortSignal.any inside a step composes deserialized signals

📦 Local Production (2 failed)

fastify-stable (1 failed):

• AbortController abortThrowIfAbortedWorkflow: throwIfAborted causes FatalError, no retries

nextjs-turbopack-canary (1 failed):

• AbortController abortAnyInWorkflowWorkflow: AbortSignal.any composes signals inside the workflow VM

📋 Other (1 failed)

e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start (1 failed):

• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	109	0	26
✅ example	109	0	26
❌ express	108	1	26
❌ fastify	108	1	26
❌ hono	108	1	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	133	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	133	0	2
✅ nitro	109	0	26
✅ nuxt	109	0	26
✅ sveltekit	128	0	7
❌ vite	108	1	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	110	0	25
✅ express-stable	110	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	110	0	25
✅ hono-stable	110	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	110	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	110	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	129	0	6
✅ vite-stable	110	0	25

❌ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	110	0	25
✅ express-stable	110	0	25
❌ fastify-stable	109	1	25
✅ hono-stable	110	0	25
❌ nextjs-turbopack-canary	115	1	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	110	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	110	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	129	0	6
✅ vite-stable	110	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	110	0	25
✅ express-stable	110	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	110	0	25
✅ hono-stable	110	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	116	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	135	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	135	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	110	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	110	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	129	0	6
✅ vite-stable	110	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	135	0	0

❌ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	110	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	110	0	25
❌ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	108	1	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: failure
• Local Dev: success
• Local Prod: failure
• Local Postgres: success
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.044s (+2.5%)	1.006s (~)	0.962s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.060s (+9.5% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.946s	10	1.36x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.061s (-3.2%)	1.013s (~)	0.952s	10	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.063s (-4.8%)	1.014s (~)	0.951s	10	1.42x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.066s (-6.3% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.946s	10	1.48x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.090s (-1.0%)	2.007s (~)	0.917s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.103s (-0.9%)	2.010s (~)	0.907s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.108s (+1.4%)	2.009s (~)	0.902s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.130s (+1.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.876s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.140s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.870s	10	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	10.505s (-0.6%)	11.018s (~)	0.513s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.524s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.499s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.557s (-1.5%)	11.020s (-2.9%)	0.463s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.748s (+1.3%)	11.021s (~)	0.273s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.809s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.212s	3	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	13.707s (-1.0%)	14.021s (~)	0.314s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.828s (~)	14.016s (-1.5%)	0.188s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	13.850s (~)	14.027s (-1.4%)	0.177s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.305s (+2.0%)	15.028s (+2.7%)	0.723s	4	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.584s (~)	15.021s (~)	0.437s	4	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	12.434s (-2.4%)	13.018s (~)	0.584s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	12.539s (~)	13.026s (~)	0.487s	7	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.657s (-0.6%)	13.022s (-2.2%)	0.364s	7	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.494s (+4.2%)	14.027s (+5.4% 🔺)	0.532s	7	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.972s (+1.5%)	14.447s (+3.1%)	0.475s	7	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.177s (-1.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.830s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.197s (~)	2.007s (-0.8%)	0.810s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.205s (-4.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.801s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.235s (-1.3%)	2.009s (~)	0.774s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.356s (+10.9% 🔺)	2.005s (~)	0.649s	15	1.15x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.240s (-1.5%)	2.007s (~)	0.767s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.265s (-4.6%)	2.008s (~)	0.742s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.398s (-0.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.609s	15	1.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.851s (+7.2% 🔺)	2.150s (+7.2% 🔺)	0.299s	14	1.49x
💻 Local	Express	1.906s (+1.3%)	2.223s (~)	0.316s	14	1.54x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.371s (-2.5%)	2.006s (~)	0.635s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.413s (+1.4%)	2.007s (~)	0.594s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.721s (-2.2%)	2.154s (-6.1% 🟢)	0.434s	14	1.26x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.680s (+6.5% 🔺)	5.179s (+3.4%)	0.499s	6	3.41x
💻 Local	Express	5.381s (+1.5%)	6.014s (~)	0.633s	5	3.92x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.174s (-2.2%)	2.010s (~)	0.836s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.192s (-0.9%)	2.008s (~)	0.817s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.242s (-1.9%)	2.008s (~)	0.766s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.430s (+9.5% 🔺)	2.073s (+3.4%)	0.643s	15	1.22x
💻 Local	Express	1.578s (-4.7%)	2.007s (-3.2%)	0.429s	15	1.34x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.252s (-1.8%)	2.008s (~)	0.756s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.278s (+2.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.729s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.389s (-0.6%)	2.009s (~)	0.620s	15	1.11x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.029s (~)	2.508s (~)	0.480s	12	1.62x
💻 Local	Express	2.121s (~)	2.591s (~)	0.470s	12	1.69x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.383s (-5.4% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.625s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.409s (-6.1% 🟢)	2.010s (-16.2% 🟢)	0.601s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.676s (+1.2%)	2.076s (~)	0.399s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.849s (-6.0% 🟢)	5.349s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.499s	6	3.51x
💻 Local	Express	5.882s (~)	6.416s (+3.3%)	0.534s	5	4.25x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.543s (-10.8% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.463s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.584s (-12.4% 🟢)	1.007s (-3.9%)	0.422s	60	1.08x
💻 Local	Express	0.639s (-2.6%)	1.039s (~)	0.400s	58	1.18x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.808s (~)	1.024s (+1.7%)	0.216s	59	1.49x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.843s (+21.1% 🔺)	1.021s (+1.7%)	0.178s	59	1.55x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.267s (-10.6% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.740s	45	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.379s (-10.2% 🟢)	2.029s (-5.7% 🟢)	0.650s	45	1.09x
💻 Local	Express	1.570s (-1.4%)	2.007s (-1.1%)	0.437s	45	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.945s (~)	2.101s (-3.3%)	0.157s	43	1.54x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.087s (+20.7% 🔺)	2.820s (+39.1% 🔺)	0.733s	32	1.65x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.560s (-12.1% 🟢)	3.058s (-6.8% 🟢)	0.498s	40	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.852s (-2.1%)	3.193s (-9.8% 🟢)	0.341s	38	1.11x
💻 Local	Express	3.597s (+5.2% 🔺)	4.216s (+5.1% 🔺)	0.619s	29	1.40x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.829s (-0.8%)	4.110s (+0.8%)	0.281s	30	1.50x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.226s (+13.4% 🔺)	5.010s (+21.9% 🔺)	0.784s	24	1.65x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.210s (-11.0% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.796s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.230s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.776s	60	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.261s (-7.3% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.744s	60	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	0.506s (+8.9% 🔺)	1.039s (+3.4%)	0.533s	58	2.41x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.587s (-3.9%)	1.022s (-1.6%)	0.435s	59	2.80x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.322s (-13.1% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.684s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.361s (+6.4% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.645s	90	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.463s (-4.0%)	1.006s (~)	0.542s	90	1.44x
💻 Local	Express	2.225s (+1.5%)	2.714s (-3.8%)	0.489s	34	6.91x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.479s (+1.2%)	3.116s (~)	0.636s	29	7.70x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.627s (-11.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.379s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.717s (+14.6% 🔺)	1.007s (-4.6%)	0.290s	120	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.931s (-4.9%)	1.326s (-17.5% 🟢)	0.395s	91	1.49x
💻 Local	Express	10.104s (-2.1%)	10.529s (-3.1%)	0.425s	12	16.12x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.508s (+1.9%)	11.391s (+0.8%)	0.883s	11	16.76x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.161s (-1.7%)	2.000s (~)	0.001s (-21.4% 🟢)	2.011s (~)	0.850s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.164s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.012s (-3.9%)	2.020s (~)	0.856s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.171s (-2.0%)	1.999s (~)	0.002s (-95.6% 🟢)	2.011s (-1.6%)	0.841s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.200s (+2.7%)	2.003s (~)	0.011s (+4.0%)	2.018s (~)	0.818s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.214s (-1.6%)	2.001s (~)	0.001s (-33.3% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.796s	10	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.546s (-7.1% 🟢)	2.005s (~)	0.004s (+0.9%)	2.023s (~)	0.477s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.661s (-4.4%)	2.003s (-6.5% 🟢)	0.004s (+33.2% 🔺)	2.026s (-6.2% 🟢)	0.366s	30	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.728s (-2.0%)	2.008s (~)	0.004s (-3.3%)	2.023s (~)	0.296s	30	1.12x
💻 Local	Express	1.796s (+9.8% 🔺)	2.011s (~)	0.011s (-2.9%)	2.202s (+8.8% 🔺)	0.406s	28	1.16x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.930s (+17.7% 🔺)	2.046s (+1.8%)	0.010s (-1.0%)	2.244s (+11.0% 🔺)	0.314s	27	1.25x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.658s (-9.0% 🟢)	1.033s (~)	0.000s (-32.2% 🟢)	1.056s (+0.8%)	0.398s	57	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.763s (-22.0% 🟢)	1.032s (-27.7% 🟢)	0.000s (-75.9% 🟢)	1.042s (-28.0% 🟢)	0.280s	58	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.829s (~)	1.068s (~)	0.000s (-50.9% 🟢)	1.080s (~)	0.251s	57	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	1.446s (-2.4%)	2.014s (~)	0.001s (+26.7% 🔺)	2.016s (~)	0.570s	30	2.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.513s (+4.6%)	2.013s (~)	0.000s (+75.0% 🔺)	2.016s (~)	0.503s	30	2.30x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.355s (-3.9%)	2.069s (+3.7%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.099s (+4.3%)	0.743s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.503s (-6.9% 🟢)	2.141s (-5.0%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.159s (-5.3% 🟢)	0.656s	28	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.693s (-2.0%)	2.147s (-5.1% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.174s (-4.2%)	0.481s	28	1.25x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.118s (-3.0%)	3.672s (-5.8% 🟢)	0.000s (-24.7% 🟢)	3.676s (-5.7% 🟢)	0.558s	17	2.30x
💻 Local	Express	3.296s (-1.1%)	3.903s (+1.7%)	0.000s (-16.7% 🟢)	3.905s (+1.6%)	0.610s	16	2.43x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	15/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	21/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	16/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	15/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	21/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

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❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: failure
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

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[socket-security]

Review the following changes in direct dependencies. Learn more about Socket for GitHub.

Diff	Package	Supply Chain Security	Vulnerability	Quality	Maintenance	License
	npm/​devalue@​5.8.1

View full report

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This PR updates the repository’s devalue dependency to a non-vulnerable version to address the security advisories reported in Issue #2284, ensuring both the workspace override and @workflow/core resolve to devalue@5.8.1.

Changes:

• Bump the root pnpm.overrides.devalue from 5.6.3 to 5.8.1.
• Bump @workflow/core’s direct devalue dependency to 5.8.1.
• Refresh pnpm-lock.yaml and add a patch changeset for workflow and @workflow/core.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 3 out of 4 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

File	Description
package.json	Updates the workspace pnpm override to force devalue@5.8.1.
packages/core/package.json	Pins @workflow/core’s direct devalue dependency to 5.8.1.
pnpm-lock.yaml	Lockfile refresh to reflect devalue@5.8.1 across importers/snapshots and package resolution.
.changeset/strong-cups-sip.md	Adds a patch changeset documenting the security-related dependency bump.

Files not reviewed (1)

• pnpm-lock.yaml: Language not supported

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[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2294. (backport job run)