fix: surface 429 rate-limit errors in e2e tests and CLI - #1309

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TooTallNate merged 3 commits into
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fix/e2e-error-surfacing
Mar 10, 2026
Merged

fix: surface 429 rate-limit errors in e2e tests and CLI#1309
TooTallNate merged 3 commits into
mainfrom
fix/e2e-error-surfacing

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Summary

  • Fix e2e test suite and CLI to properly surface HTTP errors (especially 429 rate limits) from the encryption key fetch endpoint, instead of producing confusing, unrelated-looking test failures

Problem

When the Vercel run-key endpoint returns a 429, the test failures show misleading assertion errors like expected 133, received "🔒 Encrypted" with no indication of the actual cause. This is due to 4 stacked issues:

  1. awaitCommand() ignores exit codes (packages/core/e2e/utils.ts) — always resolves even when the CLI exits with code 1
  2. cliInspectJson() falls back to {} on empty stdout — silently parses to an empty object
  3. maybeDecryptFields() swallows HTTP errors (packages/cli/src/lib/inspect/hydration.ts) — catches 429 errors and silently falls back to encrypted placeholders
  4. fetchRunKey() produces generic error messages (packages/world-vercel/src/encryption.ts) — drops the response body and status text

Changes

FileChange
packages/core/e2e/utils.tsawaitCommand() now rejects on non-zero exit codes with stderr/stdout in the error. cliInspectJson()/cliHealthJson() throw on empty stdout.
packages/cli/src/lib/inspect/hydration.tsmaybeDecryptFields() re-throws HTTP errors instead of silently falling back to encrypted placeholders
packages/cli/src/lib/inspect/output.tsAdded 429: 'Too Many Requests' to getStatusText()
packages/world-vercel/src/encryption.tsfetchRunKey() includes response body and status text in error messages

Multiple layered issues caused encryption key 429 errors to produce
confusing, unrelated-looking test failures:
- awaitCommand() in e2e utils now rejects on non-zero exit codes
instead of silently resolving (the most critical fix)
- cliInspectJson/cliHealthJson throw on empty stdout instead of
falling back to '{}'
- maybeDecryptFields re-throws HTTP errors instead of silently
falling back to encrypted placeholders
- fetchRunKey includes response body and status text in errors
- Added 429 to CLI status text map
CopilotAI review requested due to automatic review settings March 9, 2026 22:47
@TooTallNate
TooTallNate requested a review from a team as a code ownerMarch 9, 2026 22:47
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changeset-botBot commented Mar 9, 2026

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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 36bd024

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages
NameType
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/world-vercelPatch
workflowPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/corePatch
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/vitestPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

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🧪 E2E Test Results

Some tests failed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production571067638
✅ 💻 Local Development612084696
✅ 📦 Local Production612084696
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres612084696
✅ 🪟 Windows550358
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds1185615189
✅ 📋 Other147027174
Total2727563643147

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (56 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
  • webhookWorkflow
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

redis (2 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

turso (51 failed):

  • addTenWorkflow
  • addTenWorkflow
  • wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent)
  • should work with react rendering in step
  • promiseAllWorkflow
  • promiseRaceWorkflow
  • promiseAnyWorkflow
  • importedStepOnlyWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
  • webhookWorkflow
  • sleepingWorkflow
  • parallelSleepWorkflow
  • nullByteWorkflow
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
  • fetchWorkflow
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
  • error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
  • error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
  • error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
  • error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
  • error handling retry behavior workflow completes despite transient 5xx on step_completed
  • error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
  • hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
  • Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
  • AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
  • ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
  • customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
  • instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
  • crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
  • stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
  • cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
  • cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
  • pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
  • hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep
  • sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control)

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro5107
✅ example5107
✅ express5107
✅ fastify5107
✅ hono5107
✅ nextjs-turbopack5602
✅ nextjs-webpack5602
✅ nitro5107
✅ nuxt5107
✅ sveltekit5107
✅ vite5107
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4909
✅ express-stable4909
✅ fastify-stable4909
✅ hono-stable4909
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary5503
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable5503
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary5503
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable5503
✅ nitro-stable4909
✅ nuxt-stable4909
✅ sveltekit-stable4909
✅ vite-stable4909
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4909
✅ express-stable4909
✅ fastify-stable4909
✅ hono-stable4909
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary5503
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable5503
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary5503
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable5503
✅ nitro-stable4909
✅ nuxt-stable4909
✅ sveltekit-stable4909
✅ vite-stable4909
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4909
✅ express-stable4909
✅ fastify-stable4909
✅ hono-stable4909
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary5503
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable5503
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary5503
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable5503
✅ nitro-stable4909
✅ nuxt-stable4909
✅ sveltekit-stable4909
✅ vite-stable4909
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack5503
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ mongodb-dev302
❌ mongodb5233
✅ redis-dev302
❌ redis5323
✅ turso-dev302
❌ turso4513
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable4909
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable4909
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable4909

📋 View full workflow run

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.031s (-4.7%)1.006s (~)0.975s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro0.033s (-7.7% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.973s101.06x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.038s1.006s0.967s101.25x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.043s1.005s0.962s101.41x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.049s1.011s0.962s101.61x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.055s (+0.7%)1.014s (~)0.959s101.79x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.060s (+9.3% 🔺)1.012s (~)0.953s101.95x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.098s1.009s0.911s103.21x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express0.438s (-9.2% 🟢)1.848s (-24.5% 🟢)1.410s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro0.497s (-4.6%)2.266s (+1.4%)1.769s101.13x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)0.546s (-13.6% 🟢)2.440s (+4.2%)1.894s101.25x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express1.084s (-1.8%)2.006s (~)0.923s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.105s2.006s0.902s101.02x
💻 LocalNitro1.105s (~)2.007s (~)0.902s101.02x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)1.105s2.006s0.901s101.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.129s2.013s0.884s101.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.135s (+0.6%)2.012s (~)0.877s101.05x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.138s (-1.5%)2.012s (~)0.875s101.05x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)1.318s2.009s0.691s101.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.980s (-6.1% 🟢)3.449s (-9.2% 🟢)1.469s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.110s (~)3.587s (+2.3%)1.476s101.07x
▲ VercelExpress2.132s (+5.6% 🔺)3.277s (-10.6% 🟢)1.145s101.08x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express10.574s (-1.9%)11.023s (~)0.449s31.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.687s11.022s0.336s31.01x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)10.716s11.024s0.308s31.01x
💻 LocalNitro10.787s (~)11.024s (~)0.237s31.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.837s (-0.5%)11.045s (~)0.208s31.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.844s11.042s0.198s31.03x
🐘 PostgresExpress10.889s (+0.7%)11.042s (~)0.153s31.03x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)12.157s13.016s0.858s31.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express16.137s (-3.6%)16.972s (-8.7% 🟢)0.835s21.00x
▲ VercelNitro16.608s (-1.0%)18.012s (~)1.404s21.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)17.382s (+2.2%)20.044s (+10.7% 🔺)2.662s21.08x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)26.508s27.052s0.545s31.00x
💻 LocalExpress26.845s (-1.2%)27.060s (-3.5%)0.215s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)26.900s27.068s0.169s31.01x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)26.970s27.052s0.082s31.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro26.980s (~)27.396s (+1.2%)0.416s31.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress27.097s (~)27.733s (+2.5%)0.636s31.02x
💻 LocalNitro27.241s (~)28.054s (~)0.813s31.03x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)30.397s31.038s0.641s21.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro43.085s (-1.1%)44.262s (-1.8%)1.177s21.00x
▲ VercelExpress43.586s (~)45.092s (~)1.506s21.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)43.749s (~)45.346s (~)1.596s21.02x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)52.981s53.096s0.115s21.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)53.566s54.106s0.540s21.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro53.872s (~)54.093s (~)0.221s21.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress54.078s (~)54.105s (~)0.027s21.02x
💻 LocalExpress55.218s (-1.5%)56.105s (~)0.887s21.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)55.660s56.103s0.443s21.05x
💻 LocalNitro56.297s (~)57.106s (~)0.809s21.06x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)60.638s61.060s0.422s21.14x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)95.771s (-76.2% 🟢)97.604s (-75.9% 🟢)1.833s11.00x
▲ VercelNitro98.161s (+2.0%)99.279s (+1.8%)1.118s11.02x
▲ VercelExpress98.897s (+3.5%)100.172s (+3.3%)1.275s11.03x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.271s2.006s0.735s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.351s (-1.9%)2.012s (~)0.661s151.06x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.382s (~)2.013s (~)0.631s151.09x
💻 LocalExpress1.401s (-0.8%)2.007s (~)0.605s151.10x
💻 LocalNitro1.416s (-1.2%)2.005s (~)0.590s151.11x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.418s2.012s0.595s151.12x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.419s2.006s0.587s151.12x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.132s3.008s0.876s101.68x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.372s (+1.9%)3.242s (-13.7% 🟢)0.870s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.601s (-4.3%)4.046s (+0.9%)1.445s81.10x
▲ VercelNitro2.797s (+11.4% 🔺)4.238s (+11.2% 🔺)1.441s81.18x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.952s2.514s0.562s121.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.993s (-5.6% 🟢)2.515s (-3.3%)0.522s121.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.048s (+1.7%)2.601s (~)0.553s121.05x
💻 LocalExpress2.476s (-3.2%)3.008s (~)0.532s101.27x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)2.541s3.008s0.468s101.30x
💻 LocalNitro2.635s (-0.9%)3.007s (~)0.373s101.35x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.659s3.008s0.349s101.36x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.671s5.178s0.507s62.39x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.542s (-7.3% 🟢)3.453s (-14.2% 🟢)0.911s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.593s (-10.9% 🟢)3.760s (-8.9% 🟢)1.167s81.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.876s (+3.1%)4.317s (+10.7% 🔺)1.441s71.13x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express3.642s (-2.2%)4.450s (+3.1%)0.808s71.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.644s4.310s0.666s71.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro3.777s (~)4.595s (+3.0%)0.818s71.04x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)4.050s4.725s0.675s71.11x
💻 LocalExpress6.923s (-9.9% 🟢)7.515s (-6.3% 🟢)0.592s41.90x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)7.234s7.765s0.531s41.99x
💻 LocalNitro7.790s (+2.6%)8.023s (~)0.233s42.14x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)9.954s10.350s0.396s32.73x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.940s (+3.2%)4.303s (+11.7% 🔺)1.362s71.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.251s (+14.1% 🔺)4.603s (+16.6% 🔺)1.352s71.11x
▲ VercelNitro3.439s (+18.5% 🔺)4.499s (+4.2%)1.060s71.17x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.249s2.006s0.757s151.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.374s (-6.2% 🟢)2.006s (~)0.631s151.10x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.395s2.012s0.617s151.12x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.403s (~)2.013s (~)0.610s151.12x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.413s (+0.9%)2.012s (~)0.599s151.13x
💻 LocalNitro1.425s (-0.9%)2.005s (~)0.580s151.14x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.445s2.005s0.560s151.16x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.176s3.008s0.831s101.74x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.062s (-11.9% 🟢)3.485s (-11.5% 🟢)1.423s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.150s (-2.6%)3.177s (-13.4% 🟢)1.028s101.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.385s (+13.5% 🔺)3.976s (+15.9% 🔺)1.591s81.16x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro2.055s (-1.3%)2.517s (-6.2% 🟢)0.462s121.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.099s2.514s0.415s121.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.177s (-2.4%)2.741s (+2.2%)0.564s111.06x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)2.501s3.008s0.507s101.22x
💻 LocalExpress2.515s (-8.0% 🟢)3.008s (~)0.493s101.22x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.746s3.008s0.262s101.34x
💻 LocalNitro2.770s (~)3.010s (~)0.240s101.35x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.670s5.176s0.506s62.27x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.165s (-3.3%)3.121s (-11.8% 🟢)0.955s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.399s (+0.9%)3.780s (+10.0% 🔺)1.381s81.11x
▲ VercelNitro2.592s (+10.5% 🔺)3.786s (+2.1%)1.194s81.20x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro3.900s (+3.1%)4.596s (~)0.696s71.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress3.939s (+5.1% 🔺)5.022s (+12.9% 🔺)1.083s61.01x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)4.016s4.582s0.566s71.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)4.247s5.024s0.777s71.09x
💻 LocalExpress7.774s (-5.6% 🟢)8.266s (-8.4% 🟢)0.492s41.99x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)8.094s8.770s0.676s42.08x
💻 LocalNitro8.369s (+1.1%)9.022s (~)0.653s42.15x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)9.850s10.349s0.499s32.53x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.157s (+2.2%)4.149s (-4.8%)0.993s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.215s (+8.3% 🔺)4.046s (-6.6% 🟢)0.831s81.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.384s (+18.8% 🔺)5.032s (+25.1% 🔺)1.649s61.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.113s (-32.8% 🟢)1.002s (~)0.011s (-7.0% 🟢)1.016s (~)0.904s101.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.149s1.000s0.002s1.007s0.859s101.32x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.149s1.001s0.012s1.018s0.868s101.33x
💻 LocalNitro0.174s (+0.9%)1.003s (~)0.013s (+9.4% 🔺)1.019s (~)0.844s101.55x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.187s1.001s0.002s1.015s0.828s101.66x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.198s (-2.2%)0.991s (~)0.001s (-13.3% 🟢)1.012s (~)0.814s101.76x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.202s (+8.1% 🔺)0.998s (~)0.002s (+15.4% 🔺)1.013s (~)0.811s101.79x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.467s0.975s0.001s1.009s0.542s104.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.552s (-9.0% 🟢)2.021s (-26.2% 🟢)0.005s (-98.3% 🟢)2.506s (-27.5% 🟢)0.953s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress1.555s (-4.3%)2.296s (-9.5% 🟢)0.005s (-19.3% 🟢)2.640s (-11.8% 🟢)1.085s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro1.976s (+25.2% 🔺)2.676s (+3.7%)0.004s (-12.2% 🟢)3.263s (+7.3% 🔺)1.287s101.27x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalExpress12/12
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)7/12
▲ VercelExpress6/12
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express💻 Local6/12
Next.js (Turbopack)🌐 Redis5/12
Nitro🐘 Postgres6/12
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run

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Pull request overview

This PR improves error surfacing for HTTP failures (especially 429 rate-limit errors) across the e2e test suite, CLI hydration layer, and Vercel encryption key fetch. Previously, rate-limit responses would produce confusing, unrelated test failures with misleading assertion errors. The fix addresses four stacked issues: silent exit code handling in tests, empty stdout fallback, swallowed HTTP errors during decryption, and generic error messages in fetchRunKey.

Changes:

  • awaitCommand() now rejects on non-zero exit codes (with stderr/stdout in the error), and cliInspectJson()/cliHealthJson() throw on empty stdout instead of silently parsing {}.
  • maybeDecryptFields() re-throws HTTP errors instead of falling back to encrypted placeholders, and fetchRunKey() now includes response body and status text in error messages.
  • Added 429: 'Too Many Requests' to the CLI's getStatusText() map.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 6 out of 6 changed files in this pull request and generated 1 comment.

Show a summary per file
FileDescription
packages/core/e2e/utils.tsawaitCommand() rejects on non-zero exit code; cliInspectJson()/cliHealthJson() throw on empty stdout
packages/cli/src/lib/inspect/hydration.tsRe-throws HTTP-related errors from decryption catch block instead of silently falling back
packages/cli/src/lib/inspect/output.tsAdds 429 status code to getStatusText() lookup
packages/world-vercel/src/encryption.tsEnriches fetchRunKey error with response body and status text
.changeset/fix-world-vercel-fetchrunkey-error.mdChangeset for @workflow/world-vercel patch
.changeset/fix-cli-429-error-surfacing.mdChangeset for @workflow/cli patch

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// If the key fetch failed due to an HTTP error (e.g. 429 rate limit,
// 500 server error), re-throw so the caller surfaces a clear failure
// instead of silently showing encrypted placeholders.
if (message.includes('HTTP ')) {

CopilotAIMar 9, 2026

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The message.includes('HTTP ') heuristic for distinguishing HTTP errors from decryption errors is fragile. If any future error message from maybeDecrypt, importKey, or other code in the try block happens to contain the substring "HTTP ", it will be incorrectly re-thrown instead of falling through to the graceful fallback.

Consider a more robust approach, such as checking for the specific prefix used in fetchRunKey (e.g., message.startsWith('Failed to fetch run key')) or tagging HTTP errors with a custom property (e.g., error.isHttpError = true) in fetchRunKey and checking for that property here.

Suggested change
if(message.includes('HTTP ')){
constisHttpError=
(errasany)?.isHttpError===true||
message.startsWith('Failed to fetch run key');
if(isHttpError){

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@TooTallNate
TooTallNate merged commit d842ce1 into mainMar 10, 2026
105 checks passed
@TooTallNate
TooTallNate deleted the fix/e2e-error-surfacing branch March 10, 2026 07:23
pranaygp added a commit that referenced this pull request Mar 12, 2026
…ignal
* origin/main: (26 commits)
Fix flaky streamer test ENOENT when chunks directory does not exist yet (#1330)
Version Packages (beta) (#1325)
[web-shared] Improve workflow observability event list UX (#1337)
feat: add `exists` getter to `Run` class (#1336)
Support client-side tools in DurableAgent (#1329)
[world-postgres] [world-local] Execute Graphile jobs directly instead of defering to world-local queue (#1334)
Merge CLAUDE.md into AGENTS.md and symlink CLAUDE.md (#1326)
[web] Polish loading indicators (#1327)
Fix flaky webhookWorkflow e2e test by polling instead of fixed sleep (#1328)
feat: support `deploymentId: 'latest'` in `start()` to resolve most recent deployment (#1317)
Fix bug where the SWC compiler bug prunes step-only imports in the client-mode transformation
[web] [world-vercel] Ensure user-passed run IDs are URL encoded and call out self-hosted security (#1322)
Version Packages (beta) (#1306)
Remove hard-coded VERCEL_DEPLOYMENT_KEY from nextjs-turbopack workbench (#1319)
fix(web): move react-router deps to devDependencies (#1265)
fix(ai): use workspace:* for workflow peer dependency (#1320)
fix(core): pass resolved deploymentId to getEncryptionKeyForRun in start() (#1318)
fix: surface 429 rate-limit errors in e2e tests and CLI (#1309)
fix(world-local): return HTTP 200 instead of 503 for queue timeout re-enqueue signals (#1307)
[web-shared] [cli] Refactor observability data fetching (#1261)
...
# Conflicts:
#	packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts
#	packages/web-shared/src/components/sidebar/attribute-panel.tsx
#	workbench/example/workflows/99_e2e.ts
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})();
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var __re = new RegExp('^' + "github\\.com" + '
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fix: surface 429 rate-limit errors in e2e tests and CLI - #1309

Merged
TooTallNate merged 3 commits into
mainfrom
fix/e2e-error-surfacing
Mar 10, 2026
Merged

fix: surface 429 rate-limit errors in e2e tests and CLI#1309
TooTallNate merged 3 commits into
mainfrom
fix/e2e-error-surfacing

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Summary

  • Fix e2e test suite and CLI to properly surface HTTP errors (especially 429 rate limits) from the encryption key fetch endpoint, instead of producing confusing, unrelated-looking test failures

Problem

When the Vercel run-key endpoint returns a 429, the test failures show misleading assertion errors like expected 133, received "🔒 Encrypted" with no indication of the actual cause. This is due to 4 stacked issues:

  1. awaitCommand() ignores exit codes (packages/core/e2e/utils.ts) — always resolves even when the CLI exits with code 1
  2. cliInspectJson() falls back to {} on empty stdout — silently parses to an empty object
  3. maybeDecryptFields() swallows HTTP errors (packages/cli/src/lib/inspect/hydration.ts) — catches 429 errors and silently falls back to encrypted placeholders
  4. fetchRunKey() produces generic error messages (packages/world-vercel/src/encryption.ts) — drops the response body and status text

Changes

FileChange
packages/core/e2e/utils.tsawaitCommand() now rejects on non-zero exit codes with stderr/stdout in the error. cliInspectJson()/cliHealthJson() throw on empty stdout.
packages/cli/src/lib/inspect/hydration.tsmaybeDecryptFields() re-throws HTTP errors instead of silently falling back to encrypted placeholders
packages/cli/src/lib/inspect/output.tsAdded 429: 'Too Many Requests' to getStatusText()
packages/world-vercel/src/encryption.tsfetchRunKey() includes response body and status text in error messages

Multiple layered issues caused encryption key 429 errors to produce
confusing, unrelated-looking test failures:
- awaitCommand() in e2e utils now rejects on non-zero exit codes
instead of silently resolving (the most critical fix)
- cliInspectJson/cliHealthJson throw on empty stdout instead of
falling back to '{}'
- maybeDecryptFields re-throws HTTP errors instead of silently
falling back to encrypted placeholders
- fetchRunKey includes response body and status text in errors
- Added 429 to CLI status text map
CopilotAI review requested due to automatic review settings March 9, 2026 22:47
@TooTallNate
TooTallNate requested a review from a team as a code ownerMarch 9, 2026 22:47
@vercel

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changeset-botBot commented Mar 9, 2026

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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 36bd024

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages
NameType
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/world-vercelPatch
workflowPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/corePatch
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/vitestPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

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🧪 E2E Test Results

Some tests failed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production571067638
✅ 💻 Local Development612084696
✅ 📦 Local Production612084696
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres612084696
✅ 🪟 Windows550358
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds1185615189
✅ 📋 Other147027174
Total2727563643147

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (56 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
  • webhookWorkflow
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

redis (2 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

turso (51 failed):

  • addTenWorkflow
  • addTenWorkflow
  • wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent)
  • should work with react rendering in step
  • promiseAllWorkflow
  • promiseRaceWorkflow
  • promiseAnyWorkflow
  • importedStepOnlyWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
  • webhookWorkflow
  • sleepingWorkflow
  • parallelSleepWorkflow
  • nullByteWorkflow
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
  • fetchWorkflow
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
  • error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
  • error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
  • error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
  • error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
  • error handling retry behavior workflow completes despite transient 5xx on step_completed
  • error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
  • hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
  • Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
  • AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
  • ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
  • customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
  • instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
  • crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
  • stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
  • cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
  • cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
  • pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
  • hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep
  • sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control)

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro5107
✅ example5107
✅ express5107
✅ fastify5107
✅ hono5107
✅ nextjs-turbopack5602
✅ nextjs-webpack5602
✅ nitro5107
✅ nuxt5107
✅ sveltekit5107
✅ vite5107
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4909
✅ express-stable4909
✅ fastify-stable4909
✅ hono-stable4909
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary5503
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable5503
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary5503
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable5503
✅ nitro-stable4909
✅ nuxt-stable4909
✅ sveltekit-stable4909
✅ vite-stable4909
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4909
✅ express-stable4909
✅ fastify-stable4909
✅ hono-stable4909
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary5503
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable5503
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary5503
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable5503
✅ nitro-stable4909
✅ nuxt-stable4909
✅ sveltekit-stable4909
✅ vite-stable4909
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4909
✅ express-stable4909
✅ fastify-stable4909
✅ hono-stable4909
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary5503
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable5503
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary5503
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable5503
✅ nitro-stable4909
✅ nuxt-stable4909
✅ sveltekit-stable4909
✅ vite-stable4909
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack5503
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ mongodb-dev302
❌ mongodb5233
✅ redis-dev302
❌ redis5323
✅ turso-dev302
❌ turso4513
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable4909
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable4909
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable4909

📋 View full workflow run

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.031s (-4.7%)1.006s (~)0.975s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro0.033s (-7.7% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.973s101.06x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.038s1.006s0.967s101.25x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.043s1.005s0.962s101.41x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.049s1.011s0.962s101.61x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.055s (+0.7%)1.014s (~)0.959s101.79x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.060s (+9.3% 🔺)1.012s (~)0.953s101.95x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.098s1.009s0.911s103.21x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express0.438s (-9.2% 🟢)1.848s (-24.5% 🟢)1.410s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro0.497s (-4.6%)2.266s (+1.4%)1.769s101.13x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)0.546s (-13.6% 🟢)2.440s (+4.2%)1.894s101.25x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express1.084s (-1.8%)2.006s (~)0.923s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.105s2.006s0.902s101.02x
💻 LocalNitro1.105s (~)2.007s (~)0.902s101.02x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)1.105s2.006s0.901s101.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.129s2.013s0.884s101.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.135s (+0.6%)2.012s (~)0.877s101.05x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.138s (-1.5%)2.012s (~)0.875s101.05x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)1.318s2.009s0.691s101.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.980s (-6.1% 🟢)3.449s (-9.2% 🟢)1.469s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.110s (~)3.587s (+2.3%)1.476s101.07x
▲ VercelExpress2.132s (+5.6% 🔺)3.277s (-10.6% 🟢)1.145s101.08x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express10.574s (-1.9%)11.023s (~)0.449s31.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.687s11.022s0.336s31.01x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)10.716s11.024s0.308s31.01x
💻 LocalNitro10.787s (~)11.024s (~)0.237s31.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.837s (-0.5%)11.045s (~)0.208s31.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.844s11.042s0.198s31.03x
🐘 PostgresExpress10.889s (+0.7%)11.042s (~)0.153s31.03x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)12.157s13.016s0.858s31.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express16.137s (-3.6%)16.972s (-8.7% 🟢)0.835s21.00x
▲ VercelNitro16.608s (-1.0%)18.012s (~)1.404s21.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)17.382s (+2.2%)20.044s (+10.7% 🔺)2.662s21.08x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)26.508s27.052s0.545s31.00x
💻 LocalExpress26.845s (-1.2%)27.060s (-3.5%)0.215s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)26.900s27.068s0.169s31.01x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)26.970s27.052s0.082s31.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro26.980s (~)27.396s (+1.2%)0.416s31.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress27.097s (~)27.733s (+2.5%)0.636s31.02x
💻 LocalNitro27.241s (~)28.054s (~)0.813s31.03x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)30.397s31.038s0.641s21.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro43.085s (-1.1%)44.262s (-1.8%)1.177s21.00x
▲ VercelExpress43.586s (~)45.092s (~)1.506s21.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)43.749s (~)45.346s (~)1.596s21.02x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)52.981s53.096s0.115s21.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)53.566s54.106s0.540s21.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro53.872s (~)54.093s (~)0.221s21.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress54.078s (~)54.105s (~)0.027s21.02x
💻 LocalExpress55.218s (-1.5%)56.105s (~)0.887s21.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)55.660s56.103s0.443s21.05x
💻 LocalNitro56.297s (~)57.106s (~)0.809s21.06x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)60.638s61.060s0.422s21.14x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)95.771s (-76.2% 🟢)97.604s (-75.9% 🟢)1.833s11.00x
▲ VercelNitro98.161s (+2.0%)99.279s (+1.8%)1.118s11.02x
▲ VercelExpress98.897s (+3.5%)100.172s (+3.3%)1.275s11.03x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.271s2.006s0.735s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.351s (-1.9%)2.012s (~)0.661s151.06x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.382s (~)2.013s (~)0.631s151.09x
💻 LocalExpress1.401s (-0.8%)2.007s (~)0.605s151.10x
💻 LocalNitro1.416s (-1.2%)2.005s (~)0.590s151.11x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.418s2.012s0.595s151.12x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.419s2.006s0.587s151.12x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.132s3.008s0.876s101.68x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.372s (+1.9%)3.242s (-13.7% 🟢)0.870s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.601s (-4.3%)4.046s (+0.9%)1.445s81.10x
▲ VercelNitro2.797s (+11.4% 🔺)4.238s (+11.2% 🔺)1.441s81.18x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.952s2.514s0.562s121.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.993s (-5.6% 🟢)2.515s (-3.3%)0.522s121.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.048s (+1.7%)2.601s (~)0.553s121.05x
💻 LocalExpress2.476s (-3.2%)3.008s (~)0.532s101.27x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)2.541s3.008s0.468s101.30x
💻 LocalNitro2.635s (-0.9%)3.007s (~)0.373s101.35x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.659s3.008s0.349s101.36x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.671s5.178s0.507s62.39x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.542s (-7.3% 🟢)3.453s (-14.2% 🟢)0.911s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.593s (-10.9% 🟢)3.760s (-8.9% 🟢)1.167s81.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.876s (+3.1%)4.317s (+10.7% 🔺)1.441s71.13x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express3.642s (-2.2%)4.450s (+3.1%)0.808s71.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.644s4.310s0.666s71.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro3.777s (~)4.595s (+3.0%)0.818s71.04x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)4.050s4.725s0.675s71.11x
💻 LocalExpress6.923s (-9.9% 🟢)7.515s (-6.3% 🟢)0.592s41.90x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)7.234s7.765s0.531s41.99x
💻 LocalNitro7.790s (+2.6%)8.023s (~)0.233s42.14x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)9.954s10.350s0.396s32.73x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.940s (+3.2%)4.303s (+11.7% 🔺)1.362s71.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.251s (+14.1% 🔺)4.603s (+16.6% 🔺)1.352s71.11x
▲ VercelNitro3.439s (+18.5% 🔺)4.499s (+4.2%)1.060s71.17x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.249s2.006s0.757s151.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.374s (-6.2% 🟢)2.006s (~)0.631s151.10x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.395s2.012s0.617s151.12x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.403s (~)2.013s (~)0.610s151.12x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.413s (+0.9%)2.012s (~)0.599s151.13x
💻 LocalNitro1.425s (-0.9%)2.005s (~)0.580s151.14x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.445s2.005s0.560s151.16x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.176s3.008s0.831s101.74x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.062s (-11.9% 🟢)3.485s (-11.5% 🟢)1.423s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.150s (-2.6%)3.177s (-13.4% 🟢)1.028s101.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.385s (+13.5% 🔺)3.976s (+15.9% 🔺)1.591s81.16x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro2.055s (-1.3%)2.517s (-6.2% 🟢)0.462s121.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.099s2.514s0.415s121.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.177s (-2.4%)2.741s (+2.2%)0.564s111.06x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)2.501s3.008s0.507s101.22x
💻 LocalExpress2.515s (-8.0% 🟢)3.008s (~)0.493s101.22x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.746s3.008s0.262s101.34x
💻 LocalNitro2.770s (~)3.010s (~)0.240s101.35x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.670s5.176s0.506s62.27x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.165s (-3.3%)3.121s (-11.8% 🟢)0.955s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.399s (+0.9%)3.780s (+10.0% 🔺)1.381s81.11x
▲ VercelNitro2.592s (+10.5% 🔺)3.786s (+2.1%)1.194s81.20x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro3.900s (+3.1%)4.596s (~)0.696s71.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress3.939s (+5.1% 🔺)5.022s (+12.9% 🔺)1.083s61.01x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)4.016s4.582s0.566s71.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)4.247s5.024s0.777s71.09x
💻 LocalExpress7.774s (-5.6% 🟢)8.266s (-8.4% 🟢)0.492s41.99x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)8.094s8.770s0.676s42.08x
💻 LocalNitro8.369s (+1.1%)9.022s (~)0.653s42.15x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)9.850s10.349s0.499s32.53x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.157s (+2.2%)4.149s (-4.8%)0.993s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.215s (+8.3% 🔺)4.046s (-6.6% 🟢)0.831s81.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.384s (+18.8% 🔺)5.032s (+25.1% 🔺)1.649s61.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.113s (-32.8% 🟢)1.002s (~)0.011s (-7.0% 🟢)1.016s (~)0.904s101.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.149s1.000s0.002s1.007s0.859s101.32x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.149s1.001s0.012s1.018s0.868s101.33x
💻 LocalNitro0.174s (+0.9%)1.003s (~)0.013s (+9.4% 🔺)1.019s (~)0.844s101.55x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.187s1.001s0.002s1.015s0.828s101.66x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.198s (-2.2%)0.991s (~)0.001s (-13.3% 🟢)1.012s (~)0.814s101.76x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.202s (+8.1% 🔺)0.998s (~)0.002s (+15.4% 🔺)1.013s (~)0.811s101.79x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.467s0.975s0.001s1.009s0.542s104.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.552s (-9.0% 🟢)2.021s (-26.2% 🟢)0.005s (-98.3% 🟢)2.506s (-27.5% 🟢)0.953s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress1.555s (-4.3%)2.296s (-9.5% 🟢)0.005s (-19.3% 🟢)2.640s (-11.8% 🟢)1.085s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro1.976s (+25.2% 🔺)2.676s (+3.7%)0.004s (-12.2% 🟢)3.263s (+7.3% 🔺)1.287s101.27x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalExpress12/12
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)7/12
▲ VercelExpress6/12
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express💻 Local6/12
Next.js (Turbopack)🌐 Redis5/12
Nitro🐘 Postgres6/12
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run

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Pull request overview

This PR improves error surfacing for HTTP failures (especially 429 rate-limit errors) across the e2e test suite, CLI hydration layer, and Vercel encryption key fetch. Previously, rate-limit responses would produce confusing, unrelated test failures with misleading assertion errors. The fix addresses four stacked issues: silent exit code handling in tests, empty stdout fallback, swallowed HTTP errors during decryption, and generic error messages in fetchRunKey.

Changes:

  • awaitCommand() now rejects on non-zero exit codes (with stderr/stdout in the error), and cliInspectJson()/cliHealthJson() throw on empty stdout instead of silently parsing {}.
  • maybeDecryptFields() re-throws HTTP errors instead of falling back to encrypted placeholders, and fetchRunKey() now includes response body and status text in error messages.
  • Added 429: 'Too Many Requests' to the CLI's getStatusText() map.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 6 out of 6 changed files in this pull request and generated 1 comment.

Show a summary per file
FileDescription
packages/core/e2e/utils.tsawaitCommand() rejects on non-zero exit code; cliInspectJson()/cliHealthJson() throw on empty stdout
packages/cli/src/lib/inspect/hydration.tsRe-throws HTTP-related errors from decryption catch block instead of silently falling back
packages/cli/src/lib/inspect/output.tsAdds 429 status code to getStatusText() lookup
packages/world-vercel/src/encryption.tsEnriches fetchRunKey error with response body and status text
.changeset/fix-world-vercel-fetchrunkey-error.mdChangeset for @workflow/world-vercel patch
.changeset/fix-cli-429-error-surfacing.mdChangeset for @workflow/cli patch

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// If the key fetch failed due to an HTTP error (e.g. 429 rate limit,
// 500 server error), re-throw so the caller surfaces a clear failure
// instead of silently showing encrypted placeholders.
if (message.includes('HTTP ')) {

CopilotAIMar 9, 2026

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The message.includes('HTTP ') heuristic for distinguishing HTTP errors from decryption errors is fragile. If any future error message from maybeDecrypt, importKey, or other code in the try block happens to contain the substring "HTTP ", it will be incorrectly re-thrown instead of falling through to the graceful fallback.

Consider a more robust approach, such as checking for the specific prefix used in fetchRunKey (e.g., message.startsWith('Failed to fetch run key')) or tagging HTTP errors with a custom property (e.g., error.isHttpError = true) in fetchRunKey and checking for that property here.

Suggested change
if(message.includes('HTTP ')){
constisHttpError=
(errasany)?.isHttpError===true||
message.startsWith('Failed to fetch run key');
if(isHttpError){

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@TooTallNate
TooTallNate merged commit d842ce1 into mainMar 10, 2026
105 checks passed
@TooTallNate
TooTallNate deleted the fix/e2e-error-surfacing branch March 10, 2026 07:23
pranaygp added a commit that referenced this pull request Mar 12, 2026
…ignal
* origin/main: (26 commits)
Fix flaky streamer test ENOENT when chunks directory does not exist yet (#1330)
Version Packages (beta) (#1325)
[web-shared] Improve workflow observability event list UX (#1337)
feat: add `exists` getter to `Run` class (#1336)
Support client-side tools in DurableAgent (#1329)
[world-postgres] [world-local] Execute Graphile jobs directly instead of defering to world-local queue (#1334)
Merge CLAUDE.md into AGENTS.md and symlink CLAUDE.md (#1326)
[web] Polish loading indicators (#1327)
Fix flaky webhookWorkflow e2e test by polling instead of fixed sleep (#1328)
feat: support `deploymentId: 'latest'` in `start()` to resolve most recent deployment (#1317)
Fix bug where the SWC compiler bug prunes step-only imports in the client-mode transformation
[web] [world-vercel] Ensure user-passed run IDs are URL encoded and call out self-hosted security (#1322)
Version Packages (beta) (#1306)
Remove hard-coded VERCEL_DEPLOYMENT_KEY from nextjs-turbopack workbench (#1319)
fix(web): move react-router deps to devDependencies (#1265)
fix(ai): use workspace:* for workflow peer dependency (#1320)
fix(core): pass resolved deploymentId to getEncryptionKeyForRun in start() (#1318)
fix: surface 429 rate-limit errors in e2e tests and CLI (#1309)
fix(world-local): return HTTP 200 instead of 503 for queue timeout re-enqueue signals (#1307)
[web-shared] [cli] Refactor observability data fetching (#1261)
...
# Conflicts:
#	packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts
#	packages/web-shared/src/components/sidebar/attribute-panel.tsx
#	workbench/example/workflows/99_e2e.ts
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@TooTallNate@VaguelySerious
, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { injectUserscript("// Force GitHub README to respect dark mode\n(function() {\n var style = document.createElement('style');\n style.textContent = '\n .markdown-body {\n color-scheme: dark light;\n }\n .markdown-body pre { background: #161b22 !important; }\n .markdown-body code { background: rgba(110, 118, 129, 0.4) !important; }\n .markdown-body table th, .markdown-body table td { border-color: #30363d !important; }\n .markdown-body img { background: #0d1117; }\n .markdown-body blockquote { border-left-color: #8b949e; }\n .markdown-body hr { border-color: #30363d; }\n ';\n document.head.appendChild(style);\n})();", "GitHub Dark Mode README Fix"); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:GitHub Dark Mode README Fix]', __e); } })(); (function(){ try { var __m = "*"; var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + '
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fix: surface 429 rate-limit errors in e2e tests and CLI - #1309

Merged
TooTallNate merged 3 commits into
mainfrom
fix/e2e-error-surfacing
Mar 10, 2026
Merged

fix: surface 429 rate-limit errors in e2e tests and CLI#1309
TooTallNate merged 3 commits into
mainfrom
fix/e2e-error-surfacing

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Summary

  • Fix e2e test suite and CLI to properly surface HTTP errors (especially 429 rate limits) from the encryption key fetch endpoint, instead of producing confusing, unrelated-looking test failures

Problem

When the Vercel run-key endpoint returns a 429, the test failures show misleading assertion errors like expected 133, received "🔒 Encrypted" with no indication of the actual cause. This is due to 4 stacked issues:

  1. awaitCommand() ignores exit codes (packages/core/e2e/utils.ts) — always resolves even when the CLI exits with code 1
  2. cliInspectJson() falls back to {} on empty stdout — silently parses to an empty object
  3. maybeDecryptFields() swallows HTTP errors (packages/cli/src/lib/inspect/hydration.ts) — catches 429 errors and silently falls back to encrypted placeholders
  4. fetchRunKey() produces generic error messages (packages/world-vercel/src/encryption.ts) — drops the response body and status text

Changes

FileChange
packages/core/e2e/utils.tsawaitCommand() now rejects on non-zero exit codes with stderr/stdout in the error. cliInspectJson()/cliHealthJson() throw on empty stdout.
packages/cli/src/lib/inspect/hydration.tsmaybeDecryptFields() re-throws HTTP errors instead of silently falling back to encrypted placeholders
packages/cli/src/lib/inspect/output.tsAdded 429: 'Too Many Requests' to getStatusText()
packages/world-vercel/src/encryption.tsfetchRunKey() includes response body and status text in error messages

Multiple layered issues caused encryption key 429 errors to produce
confusing, unrelated-looking test failures:
- awaitCommand() in e2e utils now rejects on non-zero exit codes
instead of silently resolving (the most critical fix)
- cliInspectJson/cliHealthJson throw on empty stdout instead of
falling back to '{}'
- maybeDecryptFields re-throws HTTP errors instead of silently
falling back to encrypted placeholders
- fetchRunKey includes response body and status text in errors
- Added 429 to CLI status text map
CopilotAI review requested due to automatic review settings March 9, 2026 22:47
@TooTallNate
TooTallNate requested a review from a team as a code ownerMarch 9, 2026 22:47
@vercel

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changeset-botBot commented Mar 9, 2026

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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 36bd024

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages
NameType
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/world-vercelPatch
workflowPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/corePatch
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/vitestPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

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🧪 E2E Test Results

Some tests failed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production571067638
✅ 💻 Local Development612084696
✅ 📦 Local Production612084696
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres612084696
✅ 🪟 Windows550358
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds1185615189
✅ 📋 Other147027174
Total2727563643147

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (56 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
  • webhookWorkflow
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

redis (2 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

turso (51 failed):

  • addTenWorkflow
  • addTenWorkflow
  • wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent)
  • should work with react rendering in step
  • promiseAllWorkflow
  • promiseRaceWorkflow
  • promiseAnyWorkflow
  • importedStepOnlyWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
  • webhookWorkflow
  • sleepingWorkflow
  • parallelSleepWorkflow
  • nullByteWorkflow
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
  • fetchWorkflow
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
  • error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
  • error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
  • error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
  • error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
  • error handling retry behavior workflow completes despite transient 5xx on step_completed
  • error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
  • hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
  • Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
  • AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
  • ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
  • customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
  • instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
  • crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
  • stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
  • cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
  • cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
  • pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
  • hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep
  • sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control)

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro5107
✅ example5107
✅ express5107
✅ fastify5107
✅ hono5107
✅ nextjs-turbopack5602
✅ nextjs-webpack5602
✅ nitro5107
✅ nuxt5107
✅ sveltekit5107
✅ vite5107
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4909
✅ express-stable4909
✅ fastify-stable4909
✅ hono-stable4909
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary5503
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable5503
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary5503
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable5503
✅ nitro-stable4909
✅ nuxt-stable4909
✅ sveltekit-stable4909
✅ vite-stable4909
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4909
✅ express-stable4909
✅ fastify-stable4909
✅ hono-stable4909
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary5503
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable5503
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary5503
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable5503
✅ nitro-stable4909
✅ nuxt-stable4909
✅ sveltekit-stable4909
✅ vite-stable4909
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4909
✅ express-stable4909
✅ fastify-stable4909
✅ hono-stable4909
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary5503
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable5503
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary5503
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable5503
✅ nitro-stable4909
✅ nuxt-stable4909
✅ sveltekit-stable4909
✅ vite-stable4909
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack5503
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds
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✅ mongodb-dev302
❌ mongodb5233
✅ redis-dev302
❌ redis5323
✅ turso-dev302
❌ turso4513
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable4909
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable4909
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable4909

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.031s (-4.7%)1.006s (~)0.975s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro0.033s (-7.7% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.973s101.06x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.038s1.006s0.967s101.25x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.043s1.005s0.962s101.41x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.049s1.011s0.962s101.61x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.055s (+0.7%)1.014s (~)0.959s101.79x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.060s (+9.3% 🔺)1.012s (~)0.953s101.95x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.098s1.009s0.911s103.21x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express0.438s (-9.2% 🟢)1.848s (-24.5% 🟢)1.410s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro0.497s (-4.6%)2.266s (+1.4%)1.769s101.13x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)0.546s (-13.6% 🟢)2.440s (+4.2%)1.894s101.25x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express1.084s (-1.8%)2.006s (~)0.923s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.105s2.006s0.902s101.02x
💻 LocalNitro1.105s (~)2.007s (~)0.902s101.02x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)1.105s2.006s0.901s101.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.129s2.013s0.884s101.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.135s (+0.6%)2.012s (~)0.877s101.05x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.138s (-1.5%)2.012s (~)0.875s101.05x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)1.318s2.009s0.691s101.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.980s (-6.1% 🟢)3.449s (-9.2% 🟢)1.469s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.110s (~)3.587s (+2.3%)1.476s101.07x
▲ VercelExpress2.132s (+5.6% 🔺)3.277s (-10.6% 🟢)1.145s101.08x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express10.574s (-1.9%)11.023s (~)0.449s31.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.687s11.022s0.336s31.01x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)10.716s11.024s0.308s31.01x
💻 LocalNitro10.787s (~)11.024s (~)0.237s31.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.837s (-0.5%)11.045s (~)0.208s31.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.844s11.042s0.198s31.03x
🐘 PostgresExpress10.889s (+0.7%)11.042s (~)0.153s31.03x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)12.157s13.016s0.858s31.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express16.137s (-3.6%)16.972s (-8.7% 🟢)0.835s21.00x
▲ VercelNitro16.608s (-1.0%)18.012s (~)1.404s21.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)17.382s (+2.2%)20.044s (+10.7% 🔺)2.662s21.08x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)26.508s27.052s0.545s31.00x
💻 LocalExpress26.845s (-1.2%)27.060s (-3.5%)0.215s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)26.900s27.068s0.169s31.01x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)26.970s27.052s0.082s31.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro26.980s (~)27.396s (+1.2%)0.416s31.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress27.097s (~)27.733s (+2.5%)0.636s31.02x
💻 LocalNitro27.241s (~)28.054s (~)0.813s31.03x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)30.397s31.038s0.641s21.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro43.085s (-1.1%)44.262s (-1.8%)1.177s21.00x
▲ VercelExpress43.586s (~)45.092s (~)1.506s21.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)43.749s (~)45.346s (~)1.596s21.02x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)52.981s53.096s0.115s21.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)53.566s54.106s0.540s21.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro53.872s (~)54.093s (~)0.221s21.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress54.078s (~)54.105s (~)0.027s21.02x
💻 LocalExpress55.218s (-1.5%)56.105s (~)0.887s21.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)55.660s56.103s0.443s21.05x
💻 LocalNitro56.297s (~)57.106s (~)0.809s21.06x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)60.638s61.060s0.422s21.14x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)95.771s (-76.2% 🟢)97.604s (-75.9% 🟢)1.833s11.00x
▲ VercelNitro98.161s (+2.0%)99.279s (+1.8%)1.118s11.02x
▲ VercelExpress98.897s (+3.5%)100.172s (+3.3%)1.275s11.03x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.271s2.006s0.735s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.351s (-1.9%)2.012s (~)0.661s151.06x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.382s (~)2.013s (~)0.631s151.09x
💻 LocalExpress1.401s (-0.8%)2.007s (~)0.605s151.10x
💻 LocalNitro1.416s (-1.2%)2.005s (~)0.590s151.11x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.418s2.012s0.595s151.12x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.419s2.006s0.587s151.12x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.132s3.008s0.876s101.68x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.372s (+1.9%)3.242s (-13.7% 🟢)0.870s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.601s (-4.3%)4.046s (+0.9%)1.445s81.10x
▲ VercelNitro2.797s (+11.4% 🔺)4.238s (+11.2% 🔺)1.441s81.18x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.952s2.514s0.562s121.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.993s (-5.6% 🟢)2.515s (-3.3%)0.522s121.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.048s (+1.7%)2.601s (~)0.553s121.05x
💻 LocalExpress2.476s (-3.2%)3.008s (~)0.532s101.27x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)2.541s3.008s0.468s101.30x
💻 LocalNitro2.635s (-0.9%)3.007s (~)0.373s101.35x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.659s3.008s0.349s101.36x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.671s5.178s0.507s62.39x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.542s (-7.3% 🟢)3.453s (-14.2% 🟢)0.911s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.593s (-10.9% 🟢)3.760s (-8.9% 🟢)1.167s81.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.876s (+3.1%)4.317s (+10.7% 🔺)1.441s71.13x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express3.642s (-2.2%)4.450s (+3.1%)0.808s71.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.644s4.310s0.666s71.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro3.777s (~)4.595s (+3.0%)0.818s71.04x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)4.050s4.725s0.675s71.11x
💻 LocalExpress6.923s (-9.9% 🟢)7.515s (-6.3% 🟢)0.592s41.90x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)7.234s7.765s0.531s41.99x
💻 LocalNitro7.790s (+2.6%)8.023s (~)0.233s42.14x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)9.954s10.350s0.396s32.73x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.940s (+3.2%)4.303s (+11.7% 🔺)1.362s71.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.251s (+14.1% 🔺)4.603s (+16.6% 🔺)1.352s71.11x
▲ VercelNitro3.439s (+18.5% 🔺)4.499s (+4.2%)1.060s71.17x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.249s2.006s0.757s151.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.374s (-6.2% 🟢)2.006s (~)0.631s151.10x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.395s2.012s0.617s151.12x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.403s (~)2.013s (~)0.610s151.12x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.413s (+0.9%)2.012s (~)0.599s151.13x
💻 LocalNitro1.425s (-0.9%)2.005s (~)0.580s151.14x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.445s2.005s0.560s151.16x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.176s3.008s0.831s101.74x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.062s (-11.9% 🟢)3.485s (-11.5% 🟢)1.423s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.150s (-2.6%)3.177s (-13.4% 🟢)1.028s101.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.385s (+13.5% 🔺)3.976s (+15.9% 🔺)1.591s81.16x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro2.055s (-1.3%)2.517s (-6.2% 🟢)0.462s121.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.099s2.514s0.415s121.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.177s (-2.4%)2.741s (+2.2%)0.564s111.06x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)2.501s3.008s0.507s101.22x
💻 LocalExpress2.515s (-8.0% 🟢)3.008s (~)0.493s101.22x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.746s3.008s0.262s101.34x
💻 LocalNitro2.770s (~)3.010s (~)0.240s101.35x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.670s5.176s0.506s62.27x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.165s (-3.3%)3.121s (-11.8% 🟢)0.955s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.399s (+0.9%)3.780s (+10.0% 🔺)1.381s81.11x
▲ VercelNitro2.592s (+10.5% 🔺)3.786s (+2.1%)1.194s81.20x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro3.900s (+3.1%)4.596s (~)0.696s71.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress3.939s (+5.1% 🔺)5.022s (+12.9% 🔺)1.083s61.01x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)4.016s4.582s0.566s71.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)4.247s5.024s0.777s71.09x
💻 LocalExpress7.774s (-5.6% 🟢)8.266s (-8.4% 🟢)0.492s41.99x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)8.094s8.770s0.676s42.08x
💻 LocalNitro8.369s (+1.1%)9.022s (~)0.653s42.15x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)9.850s10.349s0.499s32.53x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.157s (+2.2%)4.149s (-4.8%)0.993s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.215s (+8.3% 🔺)4.046s (-6.6% 🟢)0.831s81.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.384s (+18.8% 🔺)5.032s (+25.1% 🔺)1.649s61.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.113s (-32.8% 🟢)1.002s (~)0.011s (-7.0% 🟢)1.016s (~)0.904s101.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.149s1.000s0.002s1.007s0.859s101.32x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.149s1.001s0.012s1.018s0.868s101.33x
💻 LocalNitro0.174s (+0.9%)1.003s (~)0.013s (+9.4% 🔺)1.019s (~)0.844s101.55x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.187s1.001s0.002s1.015s0.828s101.66x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.198s (-2.2%)0.991s (~)0.001s (-13.3% 🟢)1.012s (~)0.814s101.76x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.202s (+8.1% 🔺)0.998s (~)0.002s (+15.4% 🔺)1.013s (~)0.811s101.79x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.467s0.975s0.001s1.009s0.542s104.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.552s (-9.0% 🟢)2.021s (-26.2% 🟢)0.005s (-98.3% 🟢)2.506s (-27.5% 🟢)0.953s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress1.555s (-4.3%)2.296s (-9.5% 🟢)0.005s (-19.3% 🟢)2.640s (-11.8% 🟢)1.085s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro1.976s (+25.2% 🔺)2.676s (+3.7%)0.004s (-12.2% 🟢)3.263s (+7.3% 🔺)1.287s101.27x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalExpress12/12
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)7/12
▲ VercelExpress6/12
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express💻 Local6/12
Next.js (Turbopack)🌐 Redis5/12
Nitro🐘 Postgres6/12
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run

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Pull request overview

This PR improves error surfacing for HTTP failures (especially 429 rate-limit errors) across the e2e test suite, CLI hydration layer, and Vercel encryption key fetch. Previously, rate-limit responses would produce confusing, unrelated test failures with misleading assertion errors. The fix addresses four stacked issues: silent exit code handling in tests, empty stdout fallback, swallowed HTTP errors during decryption, and generic error messages in fetchRunKey.

Changes:

  • awaitCommand() now rejects on non-zero exit codes (with stderr/stdout in the error), and cliInspectJson()/cliHealthJson() throw on empty stdout instead of silently parsing {}.
  • maybeDecryptFields() re-throws HTTP errors instead of falling back to encrypted placeholders, and fetchRunKey() now includes response body and status text in error messages.
  • Added 429: 'Too Many Requests' to the CLI's getStatusText() map.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 6 out of 6 changed files in this pull request and generated 1 comment.

Show a summary per file
FileDescription
packages/core/e2e/utils.tsawaitCommand() rejects on non-zero exit code; cliInspectJson()/cliHealthJson() throw on empty stdout
packages/cli/src/lib/inspect/hydration.tsRe-throws HTTP-related errors from decryption catch block instead of silently falling back
packages/cli/src/lib/inspect/output.tsAdds 429 status code to getStatusText() lookup
packages/world-vercel/src/encryption.tsEnriches fetchRunKey error with response body and status text
.changeset/fix-world-vercel-fetchrunkey-error.mdChangeset for @workflow/world-vercel patch
.changeset/fix-cli-429-error-surfacing.mdChangeset for @workflow/cli patch

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// If the key fetch failed due to an HTTP error (e.g. 429 rate limit,
// 500 server error), re-throw so the caller surfaces a clear failure
// instead of silently showing encrypted placeholders.
if (message.includes('HTTP ')) {

CopilotAIMar 9, 2026

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The message.includes('HTTP ') heuristic for distinguishing HTTP errors from decryption errors is fragile. If any future error message from maybeDecrypt, importKey, or other code in the try block happens to contain the substring "HTTP ", it will be incorrectly re-thrown instead of falling through to the graceful fallback.

Consider a more robust approach, such as checking for the specific prefix used in fetchRunKey (e.g., message.startsWith('Failed to fetch run key')) or tagging HTTP errors with a custom property (e.g., error.isHttpError = true) in fetchRunKey and checking for that property here.

Suggested change
if(message.includes('HTTP ')){
constisHttpError=
(errasany)?.isHttpError===true||
message.startsWith('Failed to fetch run key');
if(isHttpError){

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@TooTallNate
TooTallNate merged commit d842ce1 into mainMar 10, 2026
105 checks passed
@TooTallNate
TooTallNate deleted the fix/e2e-error-surfacing branch March 10, 2026 07:23
pranaygp added a commit that referenced this pull request Mar 12, 2026
…ignal
* origin/main: (26 commits)
Fix flaky streamer test ENOENT when chunks directory does not exist yet (#1330)
Version Packages (beta) (#1325)
[web-shared] Improve workflow observability event list UX (#1337)
feat: add `exists` getter to `Run` class (#1336)
Support client-side tools in DurableAgent (#1329)
[world-postgres] [world-local] Execute Graphile jobs directly instead of defering to world-local queue (#1334)
Merge CLAUDE.md into AGENTS.md and symlink CLAUDE.md (#1326)
[web] Polish loading indicators (#1327)
Fix flaky webhookWorkflow e2e test by polling instead of fixed sleep (#1328)
feat: support `deploymentId: 'latest'` in `start()` to resolve most recent deployment (#1317)
Fix bug where the SWC compiler bug prunes step-only imports in the client-mode transformation
[web] [world-vercel] Ensure user-passed run IDs are URL encoded and call out self-hosted security (#1322)
Version Packages (beta) (#1306)
Remove hard-coded VERCEL_DEPLOYMENT_KEY from nextjs-turbopack workbench (#1319)
fix(web): move react-router deps to devDependencies (#1265)
fix(ai): use workspace:* for workflow peer dependency (#1320)
fix(core): pass resolved deploymentId to getEncryptionKeyForRun in start() (#1318)
fix: surface 429 rate-limit errors in e2e tests and CLI (#1309)
fix(world-local): return HTTP 200 instead of 503 for queue timeout re-enqueue signals (#1307)
[web-shared] [cli] Refactor observability data fetching (#1261)
...
# Conflicts:
#	packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts
#	packages/web-shared/src/components/sidebar/attribute-panel.tsx
#	workbench/example/workflows/99_e2e.ts
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@TooTallNate@VaguelySerious
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fix: surface 429 rate-limit errors in e2e tests and CLI - #1309

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TooTallNate merged 3 commits into
mainfrom
fix/e2e-error-surfacing
Mar 10, 2026
Merged

fix: surface 429 rate-limit errors in e2e tests and CLI#1309
TooTallNate merged 3 commits into
mainfrom
fix/e2e-error-surfacing

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Summary

  • Fix e2e test suite and CLI to properly surface HTTP errors (especially 429 rate limits) from the encryption key fetch endpoint, instead of producing confusing, unrelated-looking test failures

Problem

When the Vercel run-key endpoint returns a 429, the test failures show misleading assertion errors like expected 133, received "🔒 Encrypted" with no indication of the actual cause. This is due to 4 stacked issues:

  1. awaitCommand() ignores exit codes (packages/core/e2e/utils.ts) — always resolves even when the CLI exits with code 1
  2. cliInspectJson() falls back to {} on empty stdout — silently parses to an empty object
  3. maybeDecryptFields() swallows HTTP errors (packages/cli/src/lib/inspect/hydration.ts) — catches 429 errors and silently falls back to encrypted placeholders
  4. fetchRunKey() produces generic error messages (packages/world-vercel/src/encryption.ts) — drops the response body and status text

Changes

FileChange
packages/core/e2e/utils.tsawaitCommand() now rejects on non-zero exit codes with stderr/stdout in the error. cliInspectJson()/cliHealthJson() throw on empty stdout.
packages/cli/src/lib/inspect/hydration.tsmaybeDecryptFields() re-throws HTTP errors instead of silently falling back to encrypted placeholders
packages/cli/src/lib/inspect/output.tsAdded 429: 'Too Many Requests' to getStatusText()
packages/world-vercel/src/encryption.tsfetchRunKey() includes response body and status text in error messages

Multiple layered issues caused encryption key 429 errors to produce
confusing, unrelated-looking test failures:
- awaitCommand() in e2e utils now rejects on non-zero exit codes
instead of silently resolving (the most critical fix)
- cliInspectJson/cliHealthJson throw on empty stdout instead of
falling back to '{}'
- maybeDecryptFields re-throws HTTP errors instead of silently
falling back to encrypted placeholders
- fetchRunKey includes response body and status text in errors
- Added 429 to CLI status text map
CopilotAI review requested due to automatic review settings March 9, 2026 22:47
@TooTallNate
TooTallNate requested a review from a team as a code ownerMarch 9, 2026 22:47
@vercel

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changeset-botBot commented Mar 9, 2026

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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 36bd024

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages
NameType
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/world-vercelPatch
workflowPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/corePatch
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/vitestPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

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🧪 E2E Test Results

Some tests failed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production571067638
✅ 💻 Local Development612084696
✅ 📦 Local Production612084696
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres612084696
✅ 🪟 Windows550358
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds1185615189
✅ 📋 Other147027174
Total2727563643147

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (56 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
  • webhookWorkflow
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

redis (2 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

turso (51 failed):

  • addTenWorkflow
  • addTenWorkflow
  • wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent)
  • should work with react rendering in step
  • promiseAllWorkflow
  • promiseRaceWorkflow
  • promiseAnyWorkflow
  • importedStepOnlyWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
  • webhookWorkflow
  • sleepingWorkflow
  • parallelSleepWorkflow
  • nullByteWorkflow
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
  • fetchWorkflow
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
  • error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
  • error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
  • error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
  • error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
  • error handling retry behavior workflow completes despite transient 5xx on step_completed
  • error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
  • hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
  • Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
  • AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
  • ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
  • customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
  • instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
  • crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
  • stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
  • cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
  • cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
  • pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
  • hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep
  • sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control)

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro5107
✅ example5107
✅ express5107
✅ fastify5107
✅ hono5107
✅ nextjs-turbopack5602
✅ nextjs-webpack5602
✅ nitro5107
✅ nuxt5107
✅ sveltekit5107
✅ vite5107
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4909
✅ express-stable4909
✅ fastify-stable4909
✅ hono-stable4909
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary5503
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable5503
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary5503
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable5503
✅ nitro-stable4909
✅ nuxt-stable4909
✅ sveltekit-stable4909
✅ vite-stable4909
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4909
✅ express-stable4909
✅ fastify-stable4909
✅ hono-stable4909
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary5503
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable5503
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary5503
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable5503
✅ nitro-stable4909
✅ nuxt-stable4909
✅ sveltekit-stable4909
✅ vite-stable4909
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4909
✅ express-stable4909
✅ fastify-stable4909
✅ hono-stable4909
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary5503
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable5503
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary5503
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable5503
✅ nitro-stable4909
✅ nuxt-stable4909
✅ sveltekit-stable4909
✅ vite-stable4909
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack5503
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ mongodb-dev302
❌ mongodb5233
✅ redis-dev302
❌ redis5323
✅ turso-dev302
❌ turso4513
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable4909
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable4909
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable4909

📋 View full workflow run

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.031s (-4.7%)1.006s (~)0.975s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro0.033s (-7.7% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.973s101.06x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.038s1.006s0.967s101.25x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.043s1.005s0.962s101.41x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.049s1.011s0.962s101.61x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.055s (+0.7%)1.014s (~)0.959s101.79x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.060s (+9.3% 🔺)1.012s (~)0.953s101.95x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.098s1.009s0.911s103.21x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express0.438s (-9.2% 🟢)1.848s (-24.5% 🟢)1.410s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro0.497s (-4.6%)2.266s (+1.4%)1.769s101.13x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)0.546s (-13.6% 🟢)2.440s (+4.2%)1.894s101.25x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express1.084s (-1.8%)2.006s (~)0.923s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.105s2.006s0.902s101.02x
💻 LocalNitro1.105s (~)2.007s (~)0.902s101.02x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)1.105s2.006s0.901s101.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.129s2.013s0.884s101.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.135s (+0.6%)2.012s (~)0.877s101.05x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.138s (-1.5%)2.012s (~)0.875s101.05x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)1.318s2.009s0.691s101.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.980s (-6.1% 🟢)3.449s (-9.2% 🟢)1.469s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.110s (~)3.587s (+2.3%)1.476s101.07x
▲ VercelExpress2.132s (+5.6% 🔺)3.277s (-10.6% 🟢)1.145s101.08x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express10.574s (-1.9%)11.023s (~)0.449s31.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.687s11.022s0.336s31.01x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)10.716s11.024s0.308s31.01x
💻 LocalNitro10.787s (~)11.024s (~)0.237s31.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.837s (-0.5%)11.045s (~)0.208s31.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.844s11.042s0.198s31.03x
🐘 PostgresExpress10.889s (+0.7%)11.042s (~)0.153s31.03x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)12.157s13.016s0.858s31.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express16.137s (-3.6%)16.972s (-8.7% 🟢)0.835s21.00x
▲ VercelNitro16.608s (-1.0%)18.012s (~)1.404s21.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)17.382s (+2.2%)20.044s (+10.7% 🔺)2.662s21.08x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)26.508s27.052s0.545s31.00x
💻 LocalExpress26.845s (-1.2%)27.060s (-3.5%)0.215s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)26.900s27.068s0.169s31.01x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)26.970s27.052s0.082s31.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro26.980s (~)27.396s (+1.2%)0.416s31.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress27.097s (~)27.733s (+2.5%)0.636s31.02x
💻 LocalNitro27.241s (~)28.054s (~)0.813s31.03x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)30.397s31.038s0.641s21.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro43.085s (-1.1%)44.262s (-1.8%)1.177s21.00x
▲ VercelExpress43.586s (~)45.092s (~)1.506s21.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)43.749s (~)45.346s (~)1.596s21.02x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)52.981s53.096s0.115s21.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)53.566s54.106s0.540s21.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro53.872s (~)54.093s (~)0.221s21.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress54.078s (~)54.105s (~)0.027s21.02x
💻 LocalExpress55.218s (-1.5%)56.105s (~)0.887s21.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)55.660s56.103s0.443s21.05x
💻 LocalNitro56.297s (~)57.106s (~)0.809s21.06x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)60.638s61.060s0.422s21.14x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)95.771s (-76.2% 🟢)97.604s (-75.9% 🟢)1.833s11.00x
▲ VercelNitro98.161s (+2.0%)99.279s (+1.8%)1.118s11.02x
▲ VercelExpress98.897s (+3.5%)100.172s (+3.3%)1.275s11.03x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.271s2.006s0.735s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.351s (-1.9%)2.012s (~)0.661s151.06x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.382s (~)2.013s (~)0.631s151.09x
💻 LocalExpress1.401s (-0.8%)2.007s (~)0.605s151.10x
💻 LocalNitro1.416s (-1.2%)2.005s (~)0.590s151.11x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.418s2.012s0.595s151.12x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.419s2.006s0.587s151.12x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.132s3.008s0.876s101.68x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.372s (+1.9%)3.242s (-13.7% 🟢)0.870s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.601s (-4.3%)4.046s (+0.9%)1.445s81.10x
▲ VercelNitro2.797s (+11.4% 🔺)4.238s (+11.2% 🔺)1.441s81.18x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.952s2.514s0.562s121.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.993s (-5.6% 🟢)2.515s (-3.3%)0.522s121.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.048s (+1.7%)2.601s (~)0.553s121.05x
💻 LocalExpress2.476s (-3.2%)3.008s (~)0.532s101.27x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)2.541s3.008s0.468s101.30x
💻 LocalNitro2.635s (-0.9%)3.007s (~)0.373s101.35x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.659s3.008s0.349s101.36x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.671s5.178s0.507s62.39x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.542s (-7.3% 🟢)3.453s (-14.2% 🟢)0.911s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.593s (-10.9% 🟢)3.760s (-8.9% 🟢)1.167s81.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.876s (+3.1%)4.317s (+10.7% 🔺)1.441s71.13x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express3.642s (-2.2%)4.450s (+3.1%)0.808s71.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.644s4.310s0.666s71.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro3.777s (~)4.595s (+3.0%)0.818s71.04x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)4.050s4.725s0.675s71.11x
💻 LocalExpress6.923s (-9.9% 🟢)7.515s (-6.3% 🟢)0.592s41.90x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)7.234s7.765s0.531s41.99x
💻 LocalNitro7.790s (+2.6%)8.023s (~)0.233s42.14x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)9.954s10.350s0.396s32.73x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.940s (+3.2%)4.303s (+11.7% 🔺)1.362s71.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.251s (+14.1% 🔺)4.603s (+16.6% 🔺)1.352s71.11x
▲ VercelNitro3.439s (+18.5% 🔺)4.499s (+4.2%)1.060s71.17x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.249s2.006s0.757s151.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.374s (-6.2% 🟢)2.006s (~)0.631s151.10x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.395s2.012s0.617s151.12x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.403s (~)2.013s (~)0.610s151.12x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.413s (+0.9%)2.012s (~)0.599s151.13x
💻 LocalNitro1.425s (-0.9%)2.005s (~)0.580s151.14x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.445s2.005s0.560s151.16x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.176s3.008s0.831s101.74x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.062s (-11.9% 🟢)3.485s (-11.5% 🟢)1.423s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.150s (-2.6%)3.177s (-13.4% 🟢)1.028s101.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.385s (+13.5% 🔺)3.976s (+15.9% 🔺)1.591s81.16x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro2.055s (-1.3%)2.517s (-6.2% 🟢)0.462s121.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.099s2.514s0.415s121.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.177s (-2.4%)2.741s (+2.2%)0.564s111.06x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)2.501s3.008s0.507s101.22x
💻 LocalExpress2.515s (-8.0% 🟢)3.008s (~)0.493s101.22x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.746s3.008s0.262s101.34x
💻 LocalNitro2.770s (~)3.010s (~)0.240s101.35x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.670s5.176s0.506s62.27x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.165s (-3.3%)3.121s (-11.8% 🟢)0.955s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.399s (+0.9%)3.780s (+10.0% 🔺)1.381s81.11x
▲ VercelNitro2.592s (+10.5% 🔺)3.786s (+2.1%)1.194s81.20x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro3.900s (+3.1%)4.596s (~)0.696s71.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress3.939s (+5.1% 🔺)5.022s (+12.9% 🔺)1.083s61.01x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)4.016s4.582s0.566s71.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)4.247s5.024s0.777s71.09x
💻 LocalExpress7.774s (-5.6% 🟢)8.266s (-8.4% 🟢)0.492s41.99x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)8.094s8.770s0.676s42.08x
💻 LocalNitro8.369s (+1.1%)9.022s (~)0.653s42.15x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)9.850s10.349s0.499s32.53x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.157s (+2.2%)4.149s (-4.8%)0.993s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.215s (+8.3% 🔺)4.046s (-6.6% 🟢)0.831s81.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.384s (+18.8% 🔺)5.032s (+25.1% 🔺)1.649s61.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.113s (-32.8% 🟢)1.002s (~)0.011s (-7.0% 🟢)1.016s (~)0.904s101.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.149s1.000s0.002s1.007s0.859s101.32x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.149s1.001s0.012s1.018s0.868s101.33x
💻 LocalNitro0.174s (+0.9%)1.003s (~)0.013s (+9.4% 🔺)1.019s (~)0.844s101.55x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.187s1.001s0.002s1.015s0.828s101.66x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.198s (-2.2%)0.991s (~)0.001s (-13.3% 🟢)1.012s (~)0.814s101.76x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.202s (+8.1% 🔺)0.998s (~)0.002s (+15.4% 🔺)1.013s (~)0.811s101.79x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.467s0.975s0.001s1.009s0.542s104.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.552s (-9.0% 🟢)2.021s (-26.2% 🟢)0.005s (-98.3% 🟢)2.506s (-27.5% 🟢)0.953s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress1.555s (-4.3%)2.296s (-9.5% 🟢)0.005s (-19.3% 🟢)2.640s (-11.8% 🟢)1.085s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro1.976s (+25.2% 🔺)2.676s (+3.7%)0.004s (-12.2% 🟢)3.263s (+7.3% 🔺)1.287s101.27x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalExpress12/12
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)7/12
▲ VercelExpress6/12
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express💻 Local6/12
Next.js (Turbopack)🌐 Redis5/12
Nitro🐘 Postgres6/12
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run

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Pull request overview

This PR improves error surfacing for HTTP failures (especially 429 rate-limit errors) across the e2e test suite, CLI hydration layer, and Vercel encryption key fetch. Previously, rate-limit responses would produce confusing, unrelated test failures with misleading assertion errors. The fix addresses four stacked issues: silent exit code handling in tests, empty stdout fallback, swallowed HTTP errors during decryption, and generic error messages in fetchRunKey.

Changes:

  • awaitCommand() now rejects on non-zero exit codes (with stderr/stdout in the error), and cliInspectJson()/cliHealthJson() throw on empty stdout instead of silently parsing {}.
  • maybeDecryptFields() re-throws HTTP errors instead of falling back to encrypted placeholders, and fetchRunKey() now includes response body and status text in error messages.
  • Added 429: 'Too Many Requests' to the CLI's getStatusText() map.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 6 out of 6 changed files in this pull request and generated 1 comment.

Show a summary per file
FileDescription
packages/core/e2e/utils.tsawaitCommand() rejects on non-zero exit code; cliInspectJson()/cliHealthJson() throw on empty stdout
packages/cli/src/lib/inspect/hydration.tsRe-throws HTTP-related errors from decryption catch block instead of silently falling back
packages/cli/src/lib/inspect/output.tsAdds 429 status code to getStatusText() lookup
packages/world-vercel/src/encryption.tsEnriches fetchRunKey error with response body and status text
.changeset/fix-world-vercel-fetchrunkey-error.mdChangeset for @workflow/world-vercel patch
.changeset/fix-cli-429-error-surfacing.mdChangeset for @workflow/cli patch

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// If the key fetch failed due to an HTTP error (e.g. 429 rate limit,
// 500 server error), re-throw so the caller surfaces a clear failure
// instead of silently showing encrypted placeholders.
if (message.includes('HTTP ')) {

CopilotAIMar 9, 2026

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The message.includes('HTTP ') heuristic for distinguishing HTTP errors from decryption errors is fragile. If any future error message from maybeDecrypt, importKey, or other code in the try block happens to contain the substring "HTTP ", it will be incorrectly re-thrown instead of falling through to the graceful fallback.

Consider a more robust approach, such as checking for the specific prefix used in fetchRunKey (e.g., message.startsWith('Failed to fetch run key')) or tagging HTTP errors with a custom property (e.g., error.isHttpError = true) in fetchRunKey and checking for that property here.

Suggested change
if(message.includes('HTTP ')){
constisHttpError=
(errasany)?.isHttpError===true||
message.startsWith('Failed to fetch run key');
if(isHttpError){

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@TooTallNate
TooTallNate merged commit d842ce1 into mainMar 10, 2026
105 checks passed
@TooTallNate
TooTallNate deleted the fix/e2e-error-surfacing branch March 10, 2026 07:23
pranaygp added a commit that referenced this pull request Mar 12, 2026
…ignal
* origin/main: (26 commits)
Fix flaky streamer test ENOENT when chunks directory does not exist yet (#1330)
Version Packages (beta) (#1325)
[web-shared] Improve workflow observability event list UX (#1337)
feat: add `exists` getter to `Run` class (#1336)
Support client-side tools in DurableAgent (#1329)
[world-postgres] [world-local] Execute Graphile jobs directly instead of defering to world-local queue (#1334)
Merge CLAUDE.md into AGENTS.md and symlink CLAUDE.md (#1326)
[web] Polish loading indicators (#1327)
Fix flaky webhookWorkflow e2e test by polling instead of fixed sleep (#1328)
feat: support `deploymentId: 'latest'` in `start()` to resolve most recent deployment (#1317)
Fix bug where the SWC compiler bug prunes step-only imports in the client-mode transformation
[web] [world-vercel] Ensure user-passed run IDs are URL encoded and call out self-hosted security (#1322)
Version Packages (beta) (#1306)
Remove hard-coded VERCEL_DEPLOYMENT_KEY from nextjs-turbopack workbench (#1319)
fix(web): move react-router deps to devDependencies (#1265)
fix(ai): use workspace:* for workflow peer dependency (#1320)
fix(core): pass resolved deploymentId to getEncryptionKeyForRun in start() (#1318)
fix: surface 429 rate-limit errors in e2e tests and CLI (#1309)
fix(world-local): return HTTP 200 instead of 503 for queue timeout re-enqueue signals (#1307)
[web-shared] [cli] Refactor observability data fetching (#1261)
...
# Conflicts:
#	packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts
#	packages/web-shared/src/components/sidebar/attribute-panel.tsx
#	workbench/example/workflows/99_e2e.ts
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3 participants

@TooTallNate@VaguelySerious
, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { injectUserscript("// Strip utm_, fbclid, gclid, etc. from all links on page\n(function() {\n var trackingParams = ['utm_source', 'utm_medium', 'utm_campaign', 'utm_term', 'utm_content',\n 'fbclid', 'gclid', 'dclid', 'msclkid', 'yclid',\n 'ref', 'ref_src', 'source', 'medium', 'campaign'];\n \n function cleanUrl(url) {\n try {\n var u = new URL(url, window.location.origin);\n var changed = false;\n trackingParams.forEach(function(p) {\n if (u.searchParams.has(p)) {\n u.searchParams.delete(p);\n changed = true;\n }\n });\n return changed ? u.toString() : url;\n } catch (e) {\n return url;\n }\n }\n \n function cleanLinks() {\n document.querySelectorAll('a[href]').forEach(function(a) {\n var clean = cleanUrl(a.href);\n if (clean !== a.href) a.href = clean;\n });\n }\n \n cleanLinks();\n \n var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) {\n mutations.forEach(function(m) {\n m.addedNodes.forEach(function(node) {\n if (node.nodeType === 1) {\n if (node.tagName === 'A') cleanLinks();\n node.querySelectorAll('a[href]').forEach(function(a) {\n var clean = cleanUrl(a.href);\n if (clean !== a.href) a.href = clean;\n });\n }\n });\n });\n });\n observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true });\n})();", "Remove Tracking Parameters from Links"); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Remove Tracking Parameters from Links]', __e); } })(); (function(){ try { var __m = "youtube.com"; var __re = new RegExp('^' + "youtube\\.com" + '
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fix: surface 429 rate-limit errors in e2e tests and CLI - #1309

Merged
TooTallNate merged 3 commits into
mainfrom
fix/e2e-error-surfacing
Mar 10, 2026
Merged

fix: surface 429 rate-limit errors in e2e tests and CLI#1309
TooTallNate merged 3 commits into
mainfrom
fix/e2e-error-surfacing

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Summary

  • Fix e2e test suite and CLI to properly surface HTTP errors (especially 429 rate limits) from the encryption key fetch endpoint, instead of producing confusing, unrelated-looking test failures

Problem

When the Vercel run-key endpoint returns a 429, the test failures show misleading assertion errors like expected 133, received "🔒 Encrypted" with no indication of the actual cause. This is due to 4 stacked issues:

  1. awaitCommand() ignores exit codes (packages/core/e2e/utils.ts) — always resolves even when the CLI exits with code 1
  2. cliInspectJson() falls back to {} on empty stdout — silently parses to an empty object
  3. maybeDecryptFields() swallows HTTP errors (packages/cli/src/lib/inspect/hydration.ts) — catches 429 errors and silently falls back to encrypted placeholders
  4. fetchRunKey() produces generic error messages (packages/world-vercel/src/encryption.ts) — drops the response body and status text

Changes

FileChange
packages/core/e2e/utils.tsawaitCommand() now rejects on non-zero exit codes with stderr/stdout in the error. cliInspectJson()/cliHealthJson() throw on empty stdout.
packages/cli/src/lib/inspect/hydration.tsmaybeDecryptFields() re-throws HTTP errors instead of silently falling back to encrypted placeholders
packages/cli/src/lib/inspect/output.tsAdded 429: 'Too Many Requests' to getStatusText()
packages/world-vercel/src/encryption.tsfetchRunKey() includes response body and status text in error messages

Multiple layered issues caused encryption key 429 errors to produce
confusing, unrelated-looking test failures:
- awaitCommand() in e2e utils now rejects on non-zero exit codes
instead of silently resolving (the most critical fix)
- cliInspectJson/cliHealthJson throw on empty stdout instead of
falling back to '{}'
- maybeDecryptFields re-throws HTTP errors instead of silently
falling back to encrypted placeholders
- fetchRunKey includes response body and status text in errors
- Added 429 to CLI status text map
CopilotAI review requested due to automatic review settings March 9, 2026 22:47
@TooTallNate
TooTallNate requested a review from a team as a code ownerMarch 9, 2026 22:47
@vercel

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changeset-botBot commented Mar 9, 2026

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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 36bd024

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages
NameType
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/world-vercelPatch
workflowPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/corePatch
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/vitestPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

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🧪 E2E Test Results

Some tests failed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production571067638
✅ 💻 Local Development612084696
✅ 📦 Local Production612084696
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres612084696
✅ 🪟 Windows550358
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds1185615189
✅ 📋 Other147027174
Total2727563643147

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (56 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
  • webhookWorkflow
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

redis (2 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

turso (51 failed):

  • addTenWorkflow
  • addTenWorkflow
  • wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent)
  • should work with react rendering in step
  • promiseAllWorkflow
  • promiseRaceWorkflow
  • promiseAnyWorkflow
  • importedStepOnlyWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
  • webhookWorkflow
  • sleepingWorkflow
  • parallelSleepWorkflow
  • nullByteWorkflow
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
  • fetchWorkflow
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
  • error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
  • error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
  • error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
  • error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
  • error handling retry behavior workflow completes despite transient 5xx on step_completed
  • error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
  • hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
  • Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
  • AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
  • ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
  • customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
  • instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
  • crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
  • stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
  • cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
  • cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
  • pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
  • hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep
  • sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control)

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro5107
✅ example5107
✅ express5107
✅ fastify5107
✅ hono5107
✅ nextjs-turbopack5602
✅ nextjs-webpack5602
✅ nitro5107
✅ nuxt5107
✅ sveltekit5107
✅ vite5107
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4909
✅ express-stable4909
✅ fastify-stable4909
✅ hono-stable4909
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary5503
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable5503
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary5503
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable5503
✅ nitro-stable4909
✅ nuxt-stable4909
✅ sveltekit-stable4909
✅ vite-stable4909
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4909
✅ express-stable4909
✅ fastify-stable4909
✅ hono-stable4909
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary5503
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable5503
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary5503
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable5503
✅ nitro-stable4909
✅ nuxt-stable4909
✅ sveltekit-stable4909
✅ vite-stable4909
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4909
✅ express-stable4909
✅ fastify-stable4909
✅ hono-stable4909
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary5503
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable5503
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary5503
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable5503
✅ nitro-stable4909
✅ nuxt-stable4909
✅ sveltekit-stable4909
✅ vite-stable4909
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack5503
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ mongodb-dev302
❌ mongodb5233
✅ redis-dev302
❌ redis5323
✅ turso-dev302
❌ turso4513
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable4909
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable4909
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable4909

📋 View full workflow run

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.031s (-4.7%)1.006s (~)0.975s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro0.033s (-7.7% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.973s101.06x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.038s1.006s0.967s101.25x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.043s1.005s0.962s101.41x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.049s1.011s0.962s101.61x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.055s (+0.7%)1.014s (~)0.959s101.79x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.060s (+9.3% 🔺)1.012s (~)0.953s101.95x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.098s1.009s0.911s103.21x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express0.438s (-9.2% 🟢)1.848s (-24.5% 🟢)1.410s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro0.497s (-4.6%)2.266s (+1.4%)1.769s101.13x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)0.546s (-13.6% 🟢)2.440s (+4.2%)1.894s101.25x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express1.084s (-1.8%)2.006s (~)0.923s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.105s2.006s0.902s101.02x
💻 LocalNitro1.105s (~)2.007s (~)0.902s101.02x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)1.105s2.006s0.901s101.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.129s2.013s0.884s101.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.135s (+0.6%)2.012s (~)0.877s101.05x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.138s (-1.5%)2.012s (~)0.875s101.05x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)1.318s2.009s0.691s101.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.980s (-6.1% 🟢)3.449s (-9.2% 🟢)1.469s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.110s (~)3.587s (+2.3%)1.476s101.07x
▲ VercelExpress2.132s (+5.6% 🔺)3.277s (-10.6% 🟢)1.145s101.08x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express10.574s (-1.9%)11.023s (~)0.449s31.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.687s11.022s0.336s31.01x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)10.716s11.024s0.308s31.01x
💻 LocalNitro10.787s (~)11.024s (~)0.237s31.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.837s (-0.5%)11.045s (~)0.208s31.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.844s11.042s0.198s31.03x
🐘 PostgresExpress10.889s (+0.7%)11.042s (~)0.153s31.03x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)12.157s13.016s0.858s31.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express16.137s (-3.6%)16.972s (-8.7% 🟢)0.835s21.00x
▲ VercelNitro16.608s (-1.0%)18.012s (~)1.404s21.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)17.382s (+2.2%)20.044s (+10.7% 🔺)2.662s21.08x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)26.508s27.052s0.545s31.00x
💻 LocalExpress26.845s (-1.2%)27.060s (-3.5%)0.215s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)26.900s27.068s0.169s31.01x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)26.970s27.052s0.082s31.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro26.980s (~)27.396s (+1.2%)0.416s31.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress27.097s (~)27.733s (+2.5%)0.636s31.02x
💻 LocalNitro27.241s (~)28.054s (~)0.813s31.03x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)30.397s31.038s0.641s21.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro43.085s (-1.1%)44.262s (-1.8%)1.177s21.00x
▲ VercelExpress43.586s (~)45.092s (~)1.506s21.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)43.749s (~)45.346s (~)1.596s21.02x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)52.981s53.096s0.115s21.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)53.566s54.106s0.540s21.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro53.872s (~)54.093s (~)0.221s21.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress54.078s (~)54.105s (~)0.027s21.02x
💻 LocalExpress55.218s (-1.5%)56.105s (~)0.887s21.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)55.660s56.103s0.443s21.05x
💻 LocalNitro56.297s (~)57.106s (~)0.809s21.06x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)60.638s61.060s0.422s21.14x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)95.771s (-76.2% 🟢)97.604s (-75.9% 🟢)1.833s11.00x
▲ VercelNitro98.161s (+2.0%)99.279s (+1.8%)1.118s11.02x
▲ VercelExpress98.897s (+3.5%)100.172s (+3.3%)1.275s11.03x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.271s2.006s0.735s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.351s (-1.9%)2.012s (~)0.661s151.06x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.382s (~)2.013s (~)0.631s151.09x
💻 LocalExpress1.401s (-0.8%)2.007s (~)0.605s151.10x
💻 LocalNitro1.416s (-1.2%)2.005s (~)0.590s151.11x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.418s2.012s0.595s151.12x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.419s2.006s0.587s151.12x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.132s3.008s0.876s101.68x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.372s (+1.9%)3.242s (-13.7% 🟢)0.870s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.601s (-4.3%)4.046s (+0.9%)1.445s81.10x
▲ VercelNitro2.797s (+11.4% 🔺)4.238s (+11.2% 🔺)1.441s81.18x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.952s2.514s0.562s121.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.993s (-5.6% 🟢)2.515s (-3.3%)0.522s121.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.048s (+1.7%)2.601s (~)0.553s121.05x
💻 LocalExpress2.476s (-3.2%)3.008s (~)0.532s101.27x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)2.541s3.008s0.468s101.30x
💻 LocalNitro2.635s (-0.9%)3.007s (~)0.373s101.35x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.659s3.008s0.349s101.36x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.671s5.178s0.507s62.39x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.542s (-7.3% 🟢)3.453s (-14.2% 🟢)0.911s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.593s (-10.9% 🟢)3.760s (-8.9% 🟢)1.167s81.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.876s (+3.1%)4.317s (+10.7% 🔺)1.441s71.13x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express3.642s (-2.2%)4.450s (+3.1%)0.808s71.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.644s4.310s0.666s71.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro3.777s (~)4.595s (+3.0%)0.818s71.04x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)4.050s4.725s0.675s71.11x
💻 LocalExpress6.923s (-9.9% 🟢)7.515s (-6.3% 🟢)0.592s41.90x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)7.234s7.765s0.531s41.99x
💻 LocalNitro7.790s (+2.6%)8.023s (~)0.233s42.14x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)9.954s10.350s0.396s32.73x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.940s (+3.2%)4.303s (+11.7% 🔺)1.362s71.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.251s (+14.1% 🔺)4.603s (+16.6% 🔺)1.352s71.11x
▲ VercelNitro3.439s (+18.5% 🔺)4.499s (+4.2%)1.060s71.17x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.249s2.006s0.757s151.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.374s (-6.2% 🟢)2.006s (~)0.631s151.10x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.395s2.012s0.617s151.12x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.403s (~)2.013s (~)0.610s151.12x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.413s (+0.9%)2.012s (~)0.599s151.13x
💻 LocalNitro1.425s (-0.9%)2.005s (~)0.580s151.14x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.445s2.005s0.560s151.16x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.176s3.008s0.831s101.74x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.062s (-11.9% 🟢)3.485s (-11.5% 🟢)1.423s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.150s (-2.6%)3.177s (-13.4% 🟢)1.028s101.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.385s (+13.5% 🔺)3.976s (+15.9% 🔺)1.591s81.16x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro2.055s (-1.3%)2.517s (-6.2% 🟢)0.462s121.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.099s2.514s0.415s121.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.177s (-2.4%)2.741s (+2.2%)0.564s111.06x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)2.501s3.008s0.507s101.22x
💻 LocalExpress2.515s (-8.0% 🟢)3.008s (~)0.493s101.22x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.746s3.008s0.262s101.34x
💻 LocalNitro2.770s (~)3.010s (~)0.240s101.35x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.670s5.176s0.506s62.27x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.165s (-3.3%)3.121s (-11.8% 🟢)0.955s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.399s (+0.9%)3.780s (+10.0% 🔺)1.381s81.11x
▲ VercelNitro2.592s (+10.5% 🔺)3.786s (+2.1%)1.194s81.20x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro3.900s (+3.1%)4.596s (~)0.696s71.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress3.939s (+5.1% 🔺)5.022s (+12.9% 🔺)1.083s61.01x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)4.016s4.582s0.566s71.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)4.247s5.024s0.777s71.09x
💻 LocalExpress7.774s (-5.6% 🟢)8.266s (-8.4% 🟢)0.492s41.99x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)8.094s8.770s0.676s42.08x
💻 LocalNitro8.369s (+1.1%)9.022s (~)0.653s42.15x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)9.850s10.349s0.499s32.53x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.157s (+2.2%)4.149s (-4.8%)0.993s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.215s (+8.3% 🔺)4.046s (-6.6% 🟢)0.831s81.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.384s (+18.8% 🔺)5.032s (+25.1% 🔺)1.649s61.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.113s (-32.8% 🟢)1.002s (~)0.011s (-7.0% 🟢)1.016s (~)0.904s101.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.149s1.000s0.002s1.007s0.859s101.32x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.149s1.001s0.012s1.018s0.868s101.33x
💻 LocalNitro0.174s (+0.9%)1.003s (~)0.013s (+9.4% 🔺)1.019s (~)0.844s101.55x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.187s1.001s0.002s1.015s0.828s101.66x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.198s (-2.2%)0.991s (~)0.001s (-13.3% 🟢)1.012s (~)0.814s101.76x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.202s (+8.1% 🔺)0.998s (~)0.002s (+15.4% 🔺)1.013s (~)0.811s101.79x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.467s0.975s0.001s1.009s0.542s104.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.552s (-9.0% 🟢)2.021s (-26.2% 🟢)0.005s (-98.3% 🟢)2.506s (-27.5% 🟢)0.953s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress1.555s (-4.3%)2.296s (-9.5% 🟢)0.005s (-19.3% 🟢)2.640s (-11.8% 🟢)1.085s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro1.976s (+25.2% 🔺)2.676s (+3.7%)0.004s (-12.2% 🟢)3.263s (+7.3% 🔺)1.287s101.27x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalExpress12/12
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)7/12
▲ VercelExpress6/12
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express💻 Local6/12
Next.js (Turbopack)🌐 Redis5/12
Nitro🐘 Postgres6/12
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run

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Pull request overview

This PR improves error surfacing for HTTP failures (especially 429 rate-limit errors) across the e2e test suite, CLI hydration layer, and Vercel encryption key fetch. Previously, rate-limit responses would produce confusing, unrelated test failures with misleading assertion errors. The fix addresses four stacked issues: silent exit code handling in tests, empty stdout fallback, swallowed HTTP errors during decryption, and generic error messages in fetchRunKey.

Changes:

  • awaitCommand() now rejects on non-zero exit codes (with stderr/stdout in the error), and cliInspectJson()/cliHealthJson() throw on empty stdout instead of silently parsing {}.
  • maybeDecryptFields() re-throws HTTP errors instead of falling back to encrypted placeholders, and fetchRunKey() now includes response body and status text in error messages.
  • Added 429: 'Too Many Requests' to the CLI's getStatusText() map.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 6 out of 6 changed files in this pull request and generated 1 comment.

Show a summary per file
FileDescription
packages/core/e2e/utils.tsawaitCommand() rejects on non-zero exit code; cliInspectJson()/cliHealthJson() throw on empty stdout
packages/cli/src/lib/inspect/hydration.tsRe-throws HTTP-related errors from decryption catch block instead of silently falling back
packages/cli/src/lib/inspect/output.tsAdds 429 status code to getStatusText() lookup
packages/world-vercel/src/encryption.tsEnriches fetchRunKey error with response body and status text
.changeset/fix-world-vercel-fetchrunkey-error.mdChangeset for @workflow/world-vercel patch
.changeset/fix-cli-429-error-surfacing.mdChangeset for @workflow/cli patch

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// If the key fetch failed due to an HTTP error (e.g. 429 rate limit,
// 500 server error), re-throw so the caller surfaces a clear failure
// instead of silently showing encrypted placeholders.
if (message.includes('HTTP ')) {

CopilotAIMar 9, 2026

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The message.includes('HTTP ') heuristic for distinguishing HTTP errors from decryption errors is fragile. If any future error message from maybeDecrypt, importKey, or other code in the try block happens to contain the substring "HTTP ", it will be incorrectly re-thrown instead of falling through to the graceful fallback.

Consider a more robust approach, such as checking for the specific prefix used in fetchRunKey (e.g., message.startsWith('Failed to fetch run key')) or tagging HTTP errors with a custom property (e.g., error.isHttpError = true) in fetchRunKey and checking for that property here.

Suggested change
if(message.includes('HTTP ')){
constisHttpError=
(errasany)?.isHttpError===true||
message.startsWith('Failed to fetch run key');
if(isHttpError){

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@TooTallNate
TooTallNate merged commit d842ce1 into mainMar 10, 2026
105 checks passed
@TooTallNate
TooTallNate deleted the fix/e2e-error-surfacing branch March 10, 2026 07:23
pranaygp added a commit that referenced this pull request Mar 12, 2026
…ignal
* origin/main: (26 commits)
Fix flaky streamer test ENOENT when chunks directory does not exist yet (#1330)
Version Packages (beta) (#1325)
[web-shared] Improve workflow observability event list UX (#1337)
feat: add `exists` getter to `Run` class (#1336)
Support client-side tools in DurableAgent (#1329)
[world-postgres] [world-local] Execute Graphile jobs directly instead of defering to world-local queue (#1334)
Merge CLAUDE.md into AGENTS.md and symlink CLAUDE.md (#1326)
[web] Polish loading indicators (#1327)
Fix flaky webhookWorkflow e2e test by polling instead of fixed sleep (#1328)
feat: support `deploymentId: 'latest'` in `start()` to resolve most recent deployment (#1317)
Fix bug where the SWC compiler bug prunes step-only imports in the client-mode transformation
[web] [world-vercel] Ensure user-passed run IDs are URL encoded and call out self-hosted security (#1322)
Version Packages (beta) (#1306)
Remove hard-coded VERCEL_DEPLOYMENT_KEY from nextjs-turbopack workbench (#1319)
fix(web): move react-router deps to devDependencies (#1265)
fix(ai): use workspace:* for workflow peer dependency (#1320)
fix(core): pass resolved deploymentId to getEncryptionKeyForRun in start() (#1318)
fix: surface 429 rate-limit errors in e2e tests and CLI (#1309)
fix(world-local): return HTTP 200 instead of 503 for queue timeout re-enqueue signals (#1307)
[web-shared] [cli] Refactor observability data fetching (#1261)
...
# Conflicts:
#	packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts
#	packages/web-shared/src/components/sidebar/attribute-panel.tsx
#	workbench/example/workflows/99_e2e.ts
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3 participants

@TooTallNate@VaguelySerious
, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { injectUserscript("// Auto-enable theater mode on YouTube\n(function() {\n function tryTheater() {\n var btn = document.querySelector('button[aria-label=\"Theater mode\"], ytd-player #player button[title=\"Theater mode\"]');\n if (btn && !btn.classList.contains('activated')) {\n btn.click();\n }\n }\n \n // Try immediately\n tryTheater();\n \n // Try after navigation (SPA)\n var lastUrl = location.href;\n setInterval(function() {\n if (location.href !== lastUrl) {\n lastUrl = location.href;\n setTimeout(tryTheater, 500);\n }\n }, 1000);\n \n // Also try on player load\n var observer = new MutationObserver(tryTheater);\n observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true });\n})();", "YouTube Theater Mode Default"); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:YouTube Theater Mode Default]', __e); } })(); (function(){ try { var __m = "*"; var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + '
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fix: surface 429 rate-limit errors in e2e tests and CLI - #1309

Merged
TooTallNate merged 3 commits into
mainfrom
fix/e2e-error-surfacing
Mar 10, 2026
Merged

fix: surface 429 rate-limit errors in e2e tests and CLI#1309
TooTallNate merged 3 commits into
mainfrom
fix/e2e-error-surfacing

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Summary

  • Fix e2e test suite and CLI to properly surface HTTP errors (especially 429 rate limits) from the encryption key fetch endpoint, instead of producing confusing, unrelated-looking test failures

Problem

When the Vercel run-key endpoint returns a 429, the test failures show misleading assertion errors like expected 133, received "🔒 Encrypted" with no indication of the actual cause. This is due to 4 stacked issues:

  1. awaitCommand() ignores exit codes (packages/core/e2e/utils.ts) — always resolves even when the CLI exits with code 1
  2. cliInspectJson() falls back to {} on empty stdout — silently parses to an empty object
  3. maybeDecryptFields() swallows HTTP errors (packages/cli/src/lib/inspect/hydration.ts) — catches 429 errors and silently falls back to encrypted placeholders
  4. fetchRunKey() produces generic error messages (packages/world-vercel/src/encryption.ts) — drops the response body and status text

Changes

FileChange
packages/core/e2e/utils.tsawaitCommand() now rejects on non-zero exit codes with stderr/stdout in the error. cliInspectJson()/cliHealthJson() throw on empty stdout.
packages/cli/src/lib/inspect/hydration.tsmaybeDecryptFields() re-throws HTTP errors instead of silently falling back to encrypted placeholders
packages/cli/src/lib/inspect/output.tsAdded 429: 'Too Many Requests' to getStatusText()
packages/world-vercel/src/encryption.tsfetchRunKey() includes response body and status text in error messages

Multiple layered issues caused encryption key 429 errors to produce
confusing, unrelated-looking test failures:
- awaitCommand() in e2e utils now rejects on non-zero exit codes
instead of silently resolving (the most critical fix)
- cliInspectJson/cliHealthJson throw on empty stdout instead of
falling back to '{}'
- maybeDecryptFields re-throws HTTP errors instead of silently
falling back to encrypted placeholders
- fetchRunKey includes response body and status text in errors
- Added 429 to CLI status text map
CopilotAI review requested due to automatic review settings March 9, 2026 22:47
@TooTallNate
TooTallNate requested a review from a team as a code ownerMarch 9, 2026 22:47
@vercel

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changeset-botBot commented Mar 9, 2026

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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 36bd024

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages
NameType
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/world-vercelPatch
workflowPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/corePatch
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/vitestPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

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🧪 E2E Test Results

Some tests failed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production571067638
✅ 💻 Local Development612084696
✅ 📦 Local Production612084696
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres612084696
✅ 🪟 Windows550358
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds1185615189
✅ 📋 Other147027174
Total2727563643147

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (56 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
  • webhookWorkflow
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

redis (2 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

turso (51 failed):

  • addTenWorkflow
  • addTenWorkflow
  • wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent)
  • should work with react rendering in step
  • promiseAllWorkflow
  • promiseRaceWorkflow
  • promiseAnyWorkflow
  • importedStepOnlyWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
  • webhookWorkflow
  • sleepingWorkflow
  • parallelSleepWorkflow
  • nullByteWorkflow
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
  • fetchWorkflow
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
  • error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
  • error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
  • error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
  • error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
  • error handling retry behavior workflow completes despite transient 5xx on step_completed
  • error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
  • hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
  • Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
  • AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
  • ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
  • customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
  • instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
  • crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
  • stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
  • cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
  • cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
  • pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
  • hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep
  • sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control)

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro5107
✅ example5107
✅ express5107
✅ fastify5107
✅ hono5107
✅ nextjs-turbopack5602
✅ nextjs-webpack5602
✅ nitro5107
✅ nuxt5107
✅ sveltekit5107
✅ vite5107
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4909
✅ express-stable4909
✅ fastify-stable4909
✅ hono-stable4909
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary5503
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable5503
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary5503
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable5503
✅ nitro-stable4909
✅ nuxt-stable4909
✅ sveltekit-stable4909
✅ vite-stable4909
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4909
✅ express-stable4909
✅ fastify-stable4909
✅ hono-stable4909
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary5503
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable5503
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary5503
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable5503
✅ nitro-stable4909
✅ nuxt-stable4909
✅ sveltekit-stable4909
✅ vite-stable4909
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4909
✅ express-stable4909
✅ fastify-stable4909
✅ hono-stable4909
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary5503
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable5503
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary5503
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable5503
✅ nitro-stable4909
✅ nuxt-stable4909
✅ sveltekit-stable4909
✅ vite-stable4909
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack5503
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ mongodb-dev302
❌ mongodb5233
✅ redis-dev302
❌ redis5323
✅ turso-dev302
❌ turso4513
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable4909
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable4909
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable4909

📋 View full workflow run

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.031s (-4.7%)1.006s (~)0.975s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro0.033s (-7.7% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.973s101.06x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.038s1.006s0.967s101.25x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.043s1.005s0.962s101.41x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.049s1.011s0.962s101.61x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.055s (+0.7%)1.014s (~)0.959s101.79x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.060s (+9.3% 🔺)1.012s (~)0.953s101.95x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.098s1.009s0.911s103.21x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express0.438s (-9.2% 🟢)1.848s (-24.5% 🟢)1.410s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro0.497s (-4.6%)2.266s (+1.4%)1.769s101.13x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)0.546s (-13.6% 🟢)2.440s (+4.2%)1.894s101.25x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express1.084s (-1.8%)2.006s (~)0.923s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.105s2.006s0.902s101.02x
💻 LocalNitro1.105s (~)2.007s (~)0.902s101.02x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)1.105s2.006s0.901s101.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.129s2.013s0.884s101.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.135s (+0.6%)2.012s (~)0.877s101.05x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.138s (-1.5%)2.012s (~)0.875s101.05x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)1.318s2.009s0.691s101.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.980s (-6.1% 🟢)3.449s (-9.2% 🟢)1.469s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.110s (~)3.587s (+2.3%)1.476s101.07x
▲ VercelExpress2.132s (+5.6% 🔺)3.277s (-10.6% 🟢)1.145s101.08x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express10.574s (-1.9%)11.023s (~)0.449s31.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.687s11.022s0.336s31.01x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)10.716s11.024s0.308s31.01x
💻 LocalNitro10.787s (~)11.024s (~)0.237s31.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.837s (-0.5%)11.045s (~)0.208s31.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.844s11.042s0.198s31.03x
🐘 PostgresExpress10.889s (+0.7%)11.042s (~)0.153s31.03x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)12.157s13.016s0.858s31.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express16.137s (-3.6%)16.972s (-8.7% 🟢)0.835s21.00x
▲ VercelNitro16.608s (-1.0%)18.012s (~)1.404s21.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)17.382s (+2.2%)20.044s (+10.7% 🔺)2.662s21.08x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)26.508s27.052s0.545s31.00x
💻 LocalExpress26.845s (-1.2%)27.060s (-3.5%)0.215s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)26.900s27.068s0.169s31.01x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)26.970s27.052s0.082s31.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro26.980s (~)27.396s (+1.2%)0.416s31.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress27.097s (~)27.733s (+2.5%)0.636s31.02x
💻 LocalNitro27.241s (~)28.054s (~)0.813s31.03x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)30.397s31.038s0.641s21.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro43.085s (-1.1%)44.262s (-1.8%)1.177s21.00x
▲ VercelExpress43.586s (~)45.092s (~)1.506s21.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)43.749s (~)45.346s (~)1.596s21.02x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)52.981s53.096s0.115s21.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)53.566s54.106s0.540s21.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro53.872s (~)54.093s (~)0.221s21.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress54.078s (~)54.105s (~)0.027s21.02x
💻 LocalExpress55.218s (-1.5%)56.105s (~)0.887s21.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)55.660s56.103s0.443s21.05x
💻 LocalNitro56.297s (~)57.106s (~)0.809s21.06x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)60.638s61.060s0.422s21.14x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)95.771s (-76.2% 🟢)97.604s (-75.9% 🟢)1.833s11.00x
▲ VercelNitro98.161s (+2.0%)99.279s (+1.8%)1.118s11.02x
▲ VercelExpress98.897s (+3.5%)100.172s (+3.3%)1.275s11.03x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.271s2.006s0.735s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.351s (-1.9%)2.012s (~)0.661s151.06x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.382s (~)2.013s (~)0.631s151.09x
💻 LocalExpress1.401s (-0.8%)2.007s (~)0.605s151.10x
💻 LocalNitro1.416s (-1.2%)2.005s (~)0.590s151.11x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.418s2.012s0.595s151.12x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.419s2.006s0.587s151.12x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.132s3.008s0.876s101.68x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.372s (+1.9%)3.242s (-13.7% 🟢)0.870s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.601s (-4.3%)4.046s (+0.9%)1.445s81.10x
▲ VercelNitro2.797s (+11.4% 🔺)4.238s (+11.2% 🔺)1.441s81.18x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.952s2.514s0.562s121.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.993s (-5.6% 🟢)2.515s (-3.3%)0.522s121.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.048s (+1.7%)2.601s (~)0.553s121.05x
💻 LocalExpress2.476s (-3.2%)3.008s (~)0.532s101.27x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)2.541s3.008s0.468s101.30x
💻 LocalNitro2.635s (-0.9%)3.007s (~)0.373s101.35x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.659s3.008s0.349s101.36x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.671s5.178s0.507s62.39x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.542s (-7.3% 🟢)3.453s (-14.2% 🟢)0.911s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.593s (-10.9% 🟢)3.760s (-8.9% 🟢)1.167s81.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.876s (+3.1%)4.317s (+10.7% 🔺)1.441s71.13x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express3.642s (-2.2%)4.450s (+3.1%)0.808s71.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.644s4.310s0.666s71.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro3.777s (~)4.595s (+3.0%)0.818s71.04x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)4.050s4.725s0.675s71.11x
💻 LocalExpress6.923s (-9.9% 🟢)7.515s (-6.3% 🟢)0.592s41.90x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)7.234s7.765s0.531s41.99x
💻 LocalNitro7.790s (+2.6%)8.023s (~)0.233s42.14x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)9.954s10.350s0.396s32.73x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.940s (+3.2%)4.303s (+11.7% 🔺)1.362s71.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.251s (+14.1% 🔺)4.603s (+16.6% 🔺)1.352s71.11x
▲ VercelNitro3.439s (+18.5% 🔺)4.499s (+4.2%)1.060s71.17x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.249s2.006s0.757s151.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.374s (-6.2% 🟢)2.006s (~)0.631s151.10x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.395s2.012s0.617s151.12x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.403s (~)2.013s (~)0.610s151.12x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.413s (+0.9%)2.012s (~)0.599s151.13x
💻 LocalNitro1.425s (-0.9%)2.005s (~)0.580s151.14x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.445s2.005s0.560s151.16x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.176s3.008s0.831s101.74x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.062s (-11.9% 🟢)3.485s (-11.5% 🟢)1.423s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.150s (-2.6%)3.177s (-13.4% 🟢)1.028s101.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.385s (+13.5% 🔺)3.976s (+15.9% 🔺)1.591s81.16x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro2.055s (-1.3%)2.517s (-6.2% 🟢)0.462s121.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.099s2.514s0.415s121.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.177s (-2.4%)2.741s (+2.2%)0.564s111.06x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)2.501s3.008s0.507s101.22x
💻 LocalExpress2.515s (-8.0% 🟢)3.008s (~)0.493s101.22x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.746s3.008s0.262s101.34x
💻 LocalNitro2.770s (~)3.010s (~)0.240s101.35x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.670s5.176s0.506s62.27x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.165s (-3.3%)3.121s (-11.8% 🟢)0.955s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.399s (+0.9%)3.780s (+10.0% 🔺)1.381s81.11x
▲ VercelNitro2.592s (+10.5% 🔺)3.786s (+2.1%)1.194s81.20x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro3.900s (+3.1%)4.596s (~)0.696s71.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress3.939s (+5.1% 🔺)5.022s (+12.9% 🔺)1.083s61.01x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)4.016s4.582s0.566s71.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)4.247s5.024s0.777s71.09x
💻 LocalExpress7.774s (-5.6% 🟢)8.266s (-8.4% 🟢)0.492s41.99x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)8.094s8.770s0.676s42.08x
💻 LocalNitro8.369s (+1.1%)9.022s (~)0.653s42.15x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)9.850s10.349s0.499s32.53x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.157s (+2.2%)4.149s (-4.8%)0.993s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.215s (+8.3% 🔺)4.046s (-6.6% 🟢)0.831s81.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.384s (+18.8% 🔺)5.032s (+25.1% 🔺)1.649s61.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.113s (-32.8% 🟢)1.002s (~)0.011s (-7.0% 🟢)1.016s (~)0.904s101.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.149s1.000s0.002s1.007s0.859s101.32x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.149s1.001s0.012s1.018s0.868s101.33x
💻 LocalNitro0.174s (+0.9%)1.003s (~)0.013s (+9.4% 🔺)1.019s (~)0.844s101.55x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.187s1.001s0.002s1.015s0.828s101.66x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.198s (-2.2%)0.991s (~)0.001s (-13.3% 🟢)1.012s (~)0.814s101.76x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.202s (+8.1% 🔺)0.998s (~)0.002s (+15.4% 🔺)1.013s (~)0.811s101.79x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.467s0.975s0.001s1.009s0.542s104.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.552s (-9.0% 🟢)2.021s (-26.2% 🟢)0.005s (-98.3% 🟢)2.506s (-27.5% 🟢)0.953s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress1.555s (-4.3%)2.296s (-9.5% 🟢)0.005s (-19.3% 🟢)2.640s (-11.8% 🟢)1.085s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro1.976s (+25.2% 🔺)2.676s (+3.7%)0.004s (-12.2% 🟢)3.263s (+7.3% 🔺)1.287s101.27x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalExpress12/12
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)7/12
▲ VercelExpress6/12
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express💻 Local6/12
Next.js (Turbopack)🌐 Redis5/12
Nitro🐘 Postgres6/12
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run

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Pull request overview

This PR improves error surfacing for HTTP failures (especially 429 rate-limit errors) across the e2e test suite, CLI hydration layer, and Vercel encryption key fetch. Previously, rate-limit responses would produce confusing, unrelated test failures with misleading assertion errors. The fix addresses four stacked issues: silent exit code handling in tests, empty stdout fallback, swallowed HTTP errors during decryption, and generic error messages in fetchRunKey.

Changes:

  • awaitCommand() now rejects on non-zero exit codes (with stderr/stdout in the error), and cliInspectJson()/cliHealthJson() throw on empty stdout instead of silently parsing {}.
  • maybeDecryptFields() re-throws HTTP errors instead of falling back to encrypted placeholders, and fetchRunKey() now includes response body and status text in error messages.
  • Added 429: 'Too Many Requests' to the CLI's getStatusText() map.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 6 out of 6 changed files in this pull request and generated 1 comment.

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FileDescription
packages/core/e2e/utils.tsawaitCommand() rejects on non-zero exit code; cliInspectJson()/cliHealthJson() throw on empty stdout
packages/cli/src/lib/inspect/hydration.tsRe-throws HTTP-related errors from decryption catch block instead of silently falling back
packages/cli/src/lib/inspect/output.tsAdds 429 status code to getStatusText() lookup
packages/world-vercel/src/encryption.tsEnriches fetchRunKey error with response body and status text
.changeset/fix-world-vercel-fetchrunkey-error.mdChangeset for @workflow/world-vercel patch
.changeset/fix-cli-429-error-surfacing.mdChangeset for @workflow/cli patch

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// If the key fetch failed due to an HTTP error (e.g. 429 rate limit,
// 500 server error), re-throw so the caller surfaces a clear failure
// instead of silently showing encrypted placeholders.
if (message.includes('HTTP ')) {

CopilotAIMar 9, 2026

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The message.includes('HTTP ') heuristic for distinguishing HTTP errors from decryption errors is fragile. If any future error message from maybeDecrypt, importKey, or other code in the try block happens to contain the substring "HTTP ", it will be incorrectly re-thrown instead of falling through to the graceful fallback.

Consider a more robust approach, such as checking for the specific prefix used in fetchRunKey (e.g., message.startsWith('Failed to fetch run key')) or tagging HTTP errors with a custom property (e.g., error.isHttpError = true) in fetchRunKey and checking for that property here.

Suggested change
if(message.includes('HTTP ')){
constisHttpError=
(errasany)?.isHttpError===true||
message.startsWith('Failed to fetch run key');
if(isHttpError){

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@TooTallNate
TooTallNate merged commit d842ce1 into mainMar 10, 2026
105 checks passed
@TooTallNate
TooTallNate deleted the fix/e2e-error-surfacing branch March 10, 2026 07:23
pranaygp added a commit that referenced this pull request Mar 12, 2026
…ignal
* origin/main: (26 commits)
Fix flaky streamer test ENOENT when chunks directory does not exist yet (#1330)
Version Packages (beta) (#1325)
[web-shared] Improve workflow observability event list UX (#1337)
feat: add `exists` getter to `Run` class (#1336)
Support client-side tools in DurableAgent (#1329)
[world-postgres] [world-local] Execute Graphile jobs directly instead of defering to world-local queue (#1334)
Merge CLAUDE.md into AGENTS.md and symlink CLAUDE.md (#1326)
[web] Polish loading indicators (#1327)
Fix flaky webhookWorkflow e2e test by polling instead of fixed sleep (#1328)
feat: support `deploymentId: 'latest'` in `start()` to resolve most recent deployment (#1317)
Fix bug where the SWC compiler bug prunes step-only imports in the client-mode transformation
[web] [world-vercel] Ensure user-passed run IDs are URL encoded and call out self-hosted security (#1322)
Version Packages (beta) (#1306)
Remove hard-coded VERCEL_DEPLOYMENT_KEY from nextjs-turbopack workbench (#1319)
fix(web): move react-router deps to devDependencies (#1265)
fix(ai): use workspace:* for workflow peer dependency (#1320)
fix(core): pass resolved deploymentId to getEncryptionKeyForRun in start() (#1318)
fix: surface 429 rate-limit errors in e2e tests and CLI (#1309)
fix(world-local): return HTTP 200 instead of 503 for queue timeout re-enqueue signals (#1307)
[web-shared] [cli] Refactor observability data fetching (#1261)
...
# Conflicts:
#	packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts
#	packages/web-shared/src/components/sidebar/attribute-panel.tsx
#	workbench/example/workflows/99_e2e.ts
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@TooTallNate@VaguelySerious
, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { injectUserscript("// Remove or un-stick sticky/fixed headers that block content\n(function() {\n function unstick() {\n document.querySelectorAll('header, nav, [role=\"banner\"], .header, .navbar, .sticky, .fixed-top, [style*=\"position: fixed\"], [style*=\"position:sticky\"]').forEach(function(el) {\n if (el.style.position === 'fixed' || el.style.position === 'sticky' || \n getComputedStyle(el).position === 'fixed' || getComputedStyle(el).position === 'sticky') {\n el.style.position = 'static';\n el.style.top = 'auto';\n el.style.zIndex = 'auto';\n }\n });\n }\n \n unstick();\n \n var observer = new MutationObserver(unstick);\n observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true, attributes: true, attributeFilter: ['style', 'class'] });\n})();", "Kill Sticky Headers"); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Kill Sticky Headers]', __e); } })(); (function(){ try { var __m = "*"; var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + '
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fix: surface 429 rate-limit errors in e2e tests and CLI - #1309

Merged
TooTallNate merged 3 commits into
mainfrom
fix/e2e-error-surfacing
Mar 10, 2026
Merged

fix: surface 429 rate-limit errors in e2e tests and CLI#1309
TooTallNate merged 3 commits into
mainfrom
fix/e2e-error-surfacing

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@TooTallNate

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Summary

  • Fix e2e test suite and CLI to properly surface HTTP errors (especially 429 rate limits) from the encryption key fetch endpoint, instead of producing confusing, unrelated-looking test failures

Problem

When the Vercel run-key endpoint returns a 429, the test failures show misleading assertion errors like expected 133, received "🔒 Encrypted" with no indication of the actual cause. This is due to 4 stacked issues:

  1. awaitCommand() ignores exit codes (packages/core/e2e/utils.ts) — always resolves even when the CLI exits with code 1
  2. cliInspectJson() falls back to {} on empty stdout — silently parses to an empty object
  3. maybeDecryptFields() swallows HTTP errors (packages/cli/src/lib/inspect/hydration.ts) — catches 429 errors and silently falls back to encrypted placeholders
  4. fetchRunKey() produces generic error messages (packages/world-vercel/src/encryption.ts) — drops the response body and status text

Changes

FileChange
packages/core/e2e/utils.tsawaitCommand() now rejects on non-zero exit codes with stderr/stdout in the error. cliInspectJson()/cliHealthJson() throw on empty stdout.
packages/cli/src/lib/inspect/hydration.tsmaybeDecryptFields() re-throws HTTP errors instead of silently falling back to encrypted placeholders
packages/cli/src/lib/inspect/output.tsAdded 429: 'Too Many Requests' to getStatusText()
packages/world-vercel/src/encryption.tsfetchRunKey() includes response body and status text in error messages

Multiple layered issues caused encryption key 429 errors to produce
confusing, unrelated-looking test failures:
- awaitCommand() in e2e utils now rejects on non-zero exit codes
instead of silently resolving (the most critical fix)
- cliInspectJson/cliHealthJson throw on empty stdout instead of
falling back to '{}'
- maybeDecryptFields re-throws HTTP errors instead of silently
falling back to encrypted placeholders
- fetchRunKey includes response body and status text in errors
- Added 429 to CLI status text map
CopilotAI review requested due to automatic review settings March 9, 2026 22:47
@TooTallNate
TooTallNate requested a review from a team as a code ownerMarch 9, 2026 22:47
@vercel

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changeset-botBot commented Mar 9, 2026

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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 36bd024

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages
NameType
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/world-vercelPatch
workflowPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/corePatch
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/vitestPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

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🧪 E2E Test Results

Some tests failed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production571067638
✅ 💻 Local Development612084696
✅ 📦 Local Production612084696
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres612084696
✅ 🪟 Windows550358
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds1185615189
✅ 📋 Other147027174
Total2727563643147

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (56 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
  • webhookWorkflow
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

redis (2 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

turso (51 failed):

  • addTenWorkflow
  • addTenWorkflow
  • wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent)
  • should work with react rendering in step
  • promiseAllWorkflow
  • promiseRaceWorkflow
  • promiseAnyWorkflow
  • importedStepOnlyWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
  • webhookWorkflow
  • sleepingWorkflow
  • parallelSleepWorkflow
  • nullByteWorkflow
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
  • fetchWorkflow
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
  • error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
  • error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
  • error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
  • error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
  • error handling retry behavior workflow completes despite transient 5xx on step_completed
  • error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
  • hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
  • Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
  • AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
  • ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
  • customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
  • instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
  • crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
  • stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
  • cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
  • cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
  • pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
  • hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep
  • sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control)

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro5107
✅ example5107
✅ express5107
✅ fastify5107
✅ hono5107
✅ nextjs-turbopack5602
✅ nextjs-webpack5602
✅ nitro5107
✅ nuxt5107
✅ sveltekit5107
✅ vite5107
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4909
✅ express-stable4909
✅ fastify-stable4909
✅ hono-stable4909
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary5503
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable5503
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary5503
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable5503
✅ nitro-stable4909
✅ nuxt-stable4909
✅ sveltekit-stable4909
✅ vite-stable4909
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4909
✅ express-stable4909
✅ fastify-stable4909
✅ hono-stable4909
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary5503
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable5503
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary5503
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable5503
✅ nitro-stable4909
✅ nuxt-stable4909
✅ sveltekit-stable4909
✅ vite-stable4909
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4909
✅ express-stable4909
✅ fastify-stable4909
✅ hono-stable4909
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary5503
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable5503
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary5503
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable5503
✅ nitro-stable4909
✅ nuxt-stable4909
✅ sveltekit-stable4909
✅ vite-stable4909
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack5503
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ mongodb-dev302
❌ mongodb5233
✅ redis-dev302
❌ redis5323
✅ turso-dev302
❌ turso4513
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable4909
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable4909
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable4909

📋 View full workflow run

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.031s (-4.7%)1.006s (~)0.975s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro0.033s (-7.7% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.973s101.06x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.038s1.006s0.967s101.25x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.043s1.005s0.962s101.41x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.049s1.011s0.962s101.61x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.055s (+0.7%)1.014s (~)0.959s101.79x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.060s (+9.3% 🔺)1.012s (~)0.953s101.95x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.098s1.009s0.911s103.21x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express0.438s (-9.2% 🟢)1.848s (-24.5% 🟢)1.410s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro0.497s (-4.6%)2.266s (+1.4%)1.769s101.13x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)0.546s (-13.6% 🟢)2.440s (+4.2%)1.894s101.25x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express1.084s (-1.8%)2.006s (~)0.923s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.105s2.006s0.902s101.02x
💻 LocalNitro1.105s (~)2.007s (~)0.902s101.02x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)1.105s2.006s0.901s101.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.129s2.013s0.884s101.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.135s (+0.6%)2.012s (~)0.877s101.05x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.138s (-1.5%)2.012s (~)0.875s101.05x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)1.318s2.009s0.691s101.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.980s (-6.1% 🟢)3.449s (-9.2% 🟢)1.469s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.110s (~)3.587s (+2.3%)1.476s101.07x
▲ VercelExpress2.132s (+5.6% 🔺)3.277s (-10.6% 🟢)1.145s101.08x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express10.574s (-1.9%)11.023s (~)0.449s31.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.687s11.022s0.336s31.01x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)10.716s11.024s0.308s31.01x
💻 LocalNitro10.787s (~)11.024s (~)0.237s31.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.837s (-0.5%)11.045s (~)0.208s31.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.844s11.042s0.198s31.03x
🐘 PostgresExpress10.889s (+0.7%)11.042s (~)0.153s31.03x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)12.157s13.016s0.858s31.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express16.137s (-3.6%)16.972s (-8.7% 🟢)0.835s21.00x
▲ VercelNitro16.608s (-1.0%)18.012s (~)1.404s21.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)17.382s (+2.2%)20.044s (+10.7% 🔺)2.662s21.08x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)26.508s27.052s0.545s31.00x
💻 LocalExpress26.845s (-1.2%)27.060s (-3.5%)0.215s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)26.900s27.068s0.169s31.01x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)26.970s27.052s0.082s31.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro26.980s (~)27.396s (+1.2%)0.416s31.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress27.097s (~)27.733s (+2.5%)0.636s31.02x
💻 LocalNitro27.241s (~)28.054s (~)0.813s31.03x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)30.397s31.038s0.641s21.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro43.085s (-1.1%)44.262s (-1.8%)1.177s21.00x
▲ VercelExpress43.586s (~)45.092s (~)1.506s21.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)43.749s (~)45.346s (~)1.596s21.02x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)52.981s53.096s0.115s21.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)53.566s54.106s0.540s21.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro53.872s (~)54.093s (~)0.221s21.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress54.078s (~)54.105s (~)0.027s21.02x
💻 LocalExpress55.218s (-1.5%)56.105s (~)0.887s21.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)55.660s56.103s0.443s21.05x
💻 LocalNitro56.297s (~)57.106s (~)0.809s21.06x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)60.638s61.060s0.422s21.14x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)95.771s (-76.2% 🟢)97.604s (-75.9% 🟢)1.833s11.00x
▲ VercelNitro98.161s (+2.0%)99.279s (+1.8%)1.118s11.02x
▲ VercelExpress98.897s (+3.5%)100.172s (+3.3%)1.275s11.03x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.271s2.006s0.735s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.351s (-1.9%)2.012s (~)0.661s151.06x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.382s (~)2.013s (~)0.631s151.09x
💻 LocalExpress1.401s (-0.8%)2.007s (~)0.605s151.10x
💻 LocalNitro1.416s (-1.2%)2.005s (~)0.590s151.11x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.418s2.012s0.595s151.12x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.419s2.006s0.587s151.12x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.132s3.008s0.876s101.68x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.372s (+1.9%)3.242s (-13.7% 🟢)0.870s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.601s (-4.3%)4.046s (+0.9%)1.445s81.10x
▲ VercelNitro2.797s (+11.4% 🔺)4.238s (+11.2% 🔺)1.441s81.18x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.952s2.514s0.562s121.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.993s (-5.6% 🟢)2.515s (-3.3%)0.522s121.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.048s (+1.7%)2.601s (~)0.553s121.05x
💻 LocalExpress2.476s (-3.2%)3.008s (~)0.532s101.27x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)2.541s3.008s0.468s101.30x
💻 LocalNitro2.635s (-0.9%)3.007s (~)0.373s101.35x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.659s3.008s0.349s101.36x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.671s5.178s0.507s62.39x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.542s (-7.3% 🟢)3.453s (-14.2% 🟢)0.911s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.593s (-10.9% 🟢)3.760s (-8.9% 🟢)1.167s81.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.876s (+3.1%)4.317s (+10.7% 🔺)1.441s71.13x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express3.642s (-2.2%)4.450s (+3.1%)0.808s71.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.644s4.310s0.666s71.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro3.777s (~)4.595s (+3.0%)0.818s71.04x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)4.050s4.725s0.675s71.11x
💻 LocalExpress6.923s (-9.9% 🟢)7.515s (-6.3% 🟢)0.592s41.90x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)7.234s7.765s0.531s41.99x
💻 LocalNitro7.790s (+2.6%)8.023s (~)0.233s42.14x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)9.954s10.350s0.396s32.73x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.940s (+3.2%)4.303s (+11.7% 🔺)1.362s71.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.251s (+14.1% 🔺)4.603s (+16.6% 🔺)1.352s71.11x
▲ VercelNitro3.439s (+18.5% 🔺)4.499s (+4.2%)1.060s71.17x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.249s2.006s0.757s151.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.374s (-6.2% 🟢)2.006s (~)0.631s151.10x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.395s2.012s0.617s151.12x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.403s (~)2.013s (~)0.610s151.12x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.413s (+0.9%)2.012s (~)0.599s151.13x
💻 LocalNitro1.425s (-0.9%)2.005s (~)0.580s151.14x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.445s2.005s0.560s151.16x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.176s3.008s0.831s101.74x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.062s (-11.9% 🟢)3.485s (-11.5% 🟢)1.423s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.150s (-2.6%)3.177s (-13.4% 🟢)1.028s101.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.385s (+13.5% 🔺)3.976s (+15.9% 🔺)1.591s81.16x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro2.055s (-1.3%)2.517s (-6.2% 🟢)0.462s121.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.099s2.514s0.415s121.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.177s (-2.4%)2.741s (+2.2%)0.564s111.06x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)2.501s3.008s0.507s101.22x
💻 LocalExpress2.515s (-8.0% 🟢)3.008s (~)0.493s101.22x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.746s3.008s0.262s101.34x
💻 LocalNitro2.770s (~)3.010s (~)0.240s101.35x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.670s5.176s0.506s62.27x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.165s (-3.3%)3.121s (-11.8% 🟢)0.955s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.399s (+0.9%)3.780s (+10.0% 🔺)1.381s81.11x
▲ VercelNitro2.592s (+10.5% 🔺)3.786s (+2.1%)1.194s81.20x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro3.900s (+3.1%)4.596s (~)0.696s71.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress3.939s (+5.1% 🔺)5.022s (+12.9% 🔺)1.083s61.01x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)4.016s4.582s0.566s71.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)4.247s5.024s0.777s71.09x
💻 LocalExpress7.774s (-5.6% 🟢)8.266s (-8.4% 🟢)0.492s41.99x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)8.094s8.770s0.676s42.08x
💻 LocalNitro8.369s (+1.1%)9.022s (~)0.653s42.15x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)9.850s10.349s0.499s32.53x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.157s (+2.2%)4.149s (-4.8%)0.993s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.215s (+8.3% 🔺)4.046s (-6.6% 🟢)0.831s81.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.384s (+18.8% 🔺)5.032s (+25.1% 🔺)1.649s61.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.113s (-32.8% 🟢)1.002s (~)0.011s (-7.0% 🟢)1.016s (~)0.904s101.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.149s1.000s0.002s1.007s0.859s101.32x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.149s1.001s0.012s1.018s0.868s101.33x
💻 LocalNitro0.174s (+0.9%)1.003s (~)0.013s (+9.4% 🔺)1.019s (~)0.844s101.55x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.187s1.001s0.002s1.015s0.828s101.66x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.198s (-2.2%)0.991s (~)0.001s (-13.3% 🟢)1.012s (~)0.814s101.76x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.202s (+8.1% 🔺)0.998s (~)0.002s (+15.4% 🔺)1.013s (~)0.811s101.79x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.467s0.975s0.001s1.009s0.542s104.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.552s (-9.0% 🟢)2.021s (-26.2% 🟢)0.005s (-98.3% 🟢)2.506s (-27.5% 🟢)0.953s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress1.555s (-4.3%)2.296s (-9.5% 🟢)0.005s (-19.3% 🟢)2.640s (-11.8% 🟢)1.085s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro1.976s (+25.2% 🔺)2.676s (+3.7%)0.004s (-12.2% 🟢)3.263s (+7.3% 🔺)1.287s101.27x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalExpress12/12
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)7/12
▲ VercelExpress6/12
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express💻 Local6/12
Next.js (Turbopack)🌐 Redis5/12
Nitro🐘 Postgres6/12
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run

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Pull request overview

This PR improves error surfacing for HTTP failures (especially 429 rate-limit errors) across the e2e test suite, CLI hydration layer, and Vercel encryption key fetch. Previously, rate-limit responses would produce confusing, unrelated test failures with misleading assertion errors. The fix addresses four stacked issues: silent exit code handling in tests, empty stdout fallback, swallowed HTTP errors during decryption, and generic error messages in fetchRunKey.

Changes:

  • awaitCommand() now rejects on non-zero exit codes (with stderr/stdout in the error), and cliInspectJson()/cliHealthJson() throw on empty stdout instead of silently parsing {}.
  • maybeDecryptFields() re-throws HTTP errors instead of falling back to encrypted placeholders, and fetchRunKey() now includes response body and status text in error messages.
  • Added 429: 'Too Many Requests' to the CLI's getStatusText() map.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 6 out of 6 changed files in this pull request and generated 1 comment.

Show a summary per file
FileDescription
packages/core/e2e/utils.tsawaitCommand() rejects on non-zero exit code; cliInspectJson()/cliHealthJson() throw on empty stdout
packages/cli/src/lib/inspect/hydration.tsRe-throws HTTP-related errors from decryption catch block instead of silently falling back
packages/cli/src/lib/inspect/output.tsAdds 429 status code to getStatusText() lookup
packages/world-vercel/src/encryption.tsEnriches fetchRunKey error with response body and status text
.changeset/fix-world-vercel-fetchrunkey-error.mdChangeset for @workflow/world-vercel patch
.changeset/fix-cli-429-error-surfacing.mdChangeset for @workflow/cli patch

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// If the key fetch failed due to an HTTP error (e.g. 429 rate limit,
// 500 server error), re-throw so the caller surfaces a clear failure
// instead of silently showing encrypted placeholders.
if (message.includes('HTTP ')) {

CopilotAIMar 9, 2026

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The message.includes('HTTP ') heuristic for distinguishing HTTP errors from decryption errors is fragile. If any future error message from maybeDecrypt, importKey, or other code in the try block happens to contain the substring "HTTP ", it will be incorrectly re-thrown instead of falling through to the graceful fallback.

Consider a more robust approach, such as checking for the specific prefix used in fetchRunKey (e.g., message.startsWith('Failed to fetch run key')) or tagging HTTP errors with a custom property (e.g., error.isHttpError = true) in fetchRunKey and checking for that property here.

Suggested change
if(message.includes('HTTP ')){
constisHttpError=
(errasany)?.isHttpError===true||
message.startsWith('Failed to fetch run key');
if(isHttpError){

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@TooTallNate
TooTallNate merged commit d842ce1 into mainMar 10, 2026
105 checks passed
@TooTallNate
TooTallNate deleted the fix/e2e-error-surfacing branch March 10, 2026 07:23
pranaygp added a commit that referenced this pull request Mar 12, 2026
…ignal
* origin/main: (26 commits)
Fix flaky streamer test ENOENT when chunks directory does not exist yet (#1330)
Version Packages (beta) (#1325)
[web-shared] Improve workflow observability event list UX (#1337)
feat: add `exists` getter to `Run` class (#1336)
Support client-side tools in DurableAgent (#1329)
[world-postgres] [world-local] Execute Graphile jobs directly instead of defering to world-local queue (#1334)
Merge CLAUDE.md into AGENTS.md and symlink CLAUDE.md (#1326)
[web] Polish loading indicators (#1327)
Fix flaky webhookWorkflow e2e test by polling instead of fixed sleep (#1328)
feat: support `deploymentId: 'latest'` in `start()` to resolve most recent deployment (#1317)
Fix bug where the SWC compiler bug prunes step-only imports in the client-mode transformation
[web] [world-vercel] Ensure user-passed run IDs are URL encoded and call out self-hosted security (#1322)
Version Packages (beta) (#1306)
Remove hard-coded VERCEL_DEPLOYMENT_KEY from nextjs-turbopack workbench (#1319)
fix(web): move react-router deps to devDependencies (#1265)
fix(ai): use workspace:* for workflow peer dependency (#1320)
fix(core): pass resolved deploymentId to getEncryptionKeyForRun in start() (#1318)
fix: surface 429 rate-limit errors in e2e tests and CLI (#1309)
fix(world-local): return HTTP 200 instead of 503 for queue timeout re-enqueue signals (#1307)
[web-shared] [cli] Refactor observability data fetching (#1261)
...
# Conflicts:
#	packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts
#	packages/web-shared/src/components/sidebar/attribute-panel.tsx
#	workbench/example/workflows/99_e2e.ts
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@TooTallNate@VaguelySerious
, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { injectUserscript("// Universal Dark Mode - works on any site\n(function() {\n var enabled = true;\n \n function applyDarkMode() {\n if (!enabled) return;\n \n // Create style element if it doesn't exist\n var style = document.getElementById('universal-dark-mode-style');\n if (!style) {\n style = document.createElement('style');\n style.id = 'universal-dark-mode-style';\n document.head.appendChild(style);\n }\n \n // Dark mode CSS - inverts colors but preserves images/video\n style.textContent = '\n /* Invert everything except media */\n html {\n filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg) !important;\n background: #1a1a2e !important;\n }\n \n /* Restore images, videos, iframes, canvas */\n img, video, iframe, canvas, svg, picture, [style*=\"background-image\"] {\n filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg) !important;\n }\n \n /* Preserve specific elements that should not be inverted */\n .no-dark-mode, .no-dark-mode *,\n [data-theme=\"light\"], [data-theme=\"light\"],\n .ace_editor, .ace_editor *,\n .CodeMirror, .CodeMirror *,\n .monaco-editor, .monaco-editor *,\n .markdown-body pre, .markdown-body pre *,\n .highlight, .highlight *,\n pre code, pre code * {\n filter: none !important;\n }\n \n /* Fix common UI elements */\n .modal, .popup, .dropdown-menu, .tooltip, .popover {\n filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg) !important;\n background: #2d2d44 !important;\n border-color: #444 !important;\n }\n \n /* Scrollbars */\n ::-webkit-scrollbar { background: #1a1a2e !important; }\n ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb { background: #444 !important; }\n ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover { background: #555 !important; }\n \n /* Selection */\n ::selection { background: #4ecdc4 !important; color: #1a1a2e !important; }\n ::-moz-selection { background: #4ecdc4 !important; color: #1a1a2e !important; }\n ';\n }\n \n function removeDarkMode() {\n var style = document.getElementById('universal-dark-mode-style');\n if (style) style.remove();\n }\n \n // Toggle with Alt+Shift+D\n document.addEventListener('keydown', function(e) {\n if (e.altKey && e.shiftKey && e.key === 'D') {\n e.preventDefault();\n enabled = !enabled;\n if (enabled) {\n applyDarkMode();\n console.log('[Universal Dark Mode] Enabled');\n } else {\n removeDarkMode();\n console.log('[Universal Dark Mode] Disabled');\n }\n }\n });\n \n // Apply on load\n applyDarkMode();\n \n // Re-apply on dynamic content\n var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) {\n if (enabled && !document.getElementById('universal-dark-mode-style')) {\n applyDarkMode();\n }\n });\n observer.observe(document.head, { childList: true });\n \n console.log('[Universal Dark Mode] Loaded - Press Alt+Shift+D to toggle');\n})();", "Universal Dark Mode"); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Universal Dark Mode]', __e); } })(); })();
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fix: surface 429 rate-limit errors in e2e tests and CLI - #1309

Merged
TooTallNate merged 3 commits into
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fix/e2e-error-surfacing
Mar 10, 2026
Merged

fix: surface 429 rate-limit errors in e2e tests and CLI#1309
TooTallNate merged 3 commits into
mainfrom
fix/e2e-error-surfacing

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Summary

  • Fix e2e test suite and CLI to properly surface HTTP errors (especially 429 rate limits) from the encryption key fetch endpoint, instead of producing confusing, unrelated-looking test failures

Problem

When the Vercel run-key endpoint returns a 429, the test failures show misleading assertion errors like expected 133, received "🔒 Encrypted" with no indication of the actual cause. This is due to 4 stacked issues:

  1. awaitCommand() ignores exit codes (packages/core/e2e/utils.ts) — always resolves even when the CLI exits with code 1
  2. cliInspectJson() falls back to {} on empty stdout — silently parses to an empty object
  3. maybeDecryptFields() swallows HTTP errors (packages/cli/src/lib/inspect/hydration.ts) — catches 429 errors and silently falls back to encrypted placeholders
  4. fetchRunKey() produces generic error messages (packages/world-vercel/src/encryption.ts) — drops the response body and status text

Changes

FileChange
packages/core/e2e/utils.tsawaitCommand() now rejects on non-zero exit codes with stderr/stdout in the error. cliInspectJson()/cliHealthJson() throw on empty stdout.
packages/cli/src/lib/inspect/hydration.tsmaybeDecryptFields() re-throws HTTP errors instead of silently falling back to encrypted placeholders
packages/cli/src/lib/inspect/output.tsAdded 429: 'Too Many Requests' to getStatusText()
packages/world-vercel/src/encryption.tsfetchRunKey() includes response body and status text in error messages

Multiple layered issues caused encryption key 429 errors to produce
confusing, unrelated-looking test failures:
- awaitCommand() in e2e utils now rejects on non-zero exit codes
instead of silently resolving (the most critical fix)
- cliInspectJson/cliHealthJson throw on empty stdout instead of
falling back to '{}'
- maybeDecryptFields re-throws HTTP errors instead of silently
falling back to encrypted placeholders
- fetchRunKey includes response body and status text in errors
- Added 429 to CLI status text map
CopilotAI review requested due to automatic review settings March 9, 2026 22:47
@TooTallNate
TooTallNate requested a review from a team as a code ownerMarch 9, 2026 22:47
@vercel

vercelBot commented Mar 9, 2026

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changeset-botBot commented Mar 9, 2026

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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 36bd024

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages
NameType
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/world-vercelPatch
workflowPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/corePatch
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/vitestPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

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🧪 E2E Test Results

Some tests failed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production571067638
✅ 💻 Local Development612084696
✅ 📦 Local Production612084696
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres612084696
✅ 🪟 Windows550358
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds1185615189
✅ 📋 Other147027174
Total2727563643147

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (56 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
  • webhookWorkflow
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

redis (2 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

turso (51 failed):

  • addTenWorkflow
  • addTenWorkflow
  • wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent)
  • should work with react rendering in step
  • promiseAllWorkflow
  • promiseRaceWorkflow
  • promiseAnyWorkflow
  • importedStepOnlyWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
  • webhookWorkflow
  • sleepingWorkflow
  • parallelSleepWorkflow
  • nullByteWorkflow
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
  • fetchWorkflow
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
  • error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
  • error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
  • error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
  • error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
  • error handling retry behavior workflow completes despite transient 5xx on step_completed
  • error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
  • hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
  • Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
  • AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
  • ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
  • customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
  • instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
  • crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
  • stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
  • cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
  • cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
  • pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
  • hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep
  • sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control)

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro5107
✅ example5107
✅ express5107
✅ fastify5107
✅ hono5107
✅ nextjs-turbopack5602
✅ nextjs-webpack5602
✅ nitro5107
✅ nuxt5107
✅ sveltekit5107
✅ vite5107
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4909
✅ express-stable4909
✅ fastify-stable4909
✅ hono-stable4909
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary5503
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable5503
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary5503
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable5503
✅ nitro-stable4909
✅ nuxt-stable4909
✅ sveltekit-stable4909
✅ vite-stable4909
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4909
✅ express-stable4909
✅ fastify-stable4909
✅ hono-stable4909
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary5503
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable5503
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary5503
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable5503
✅ nitro-stable4909
✅ nuxt-stable4909
✅ sveltekit-stable4909
✅ vite-stable4909
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4909
✅ express-stable4909
✅ fastify-stable4909
✅ hono-stable4909
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary5503
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable5503
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary5503
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable5503
✅ nitro-stable4909
✅ nuxt-stable4909
✅ sveltekit-stable4909
✅ vite-stable4909
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack5503
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ mongodb-dev302
❌ mongodb5233
✅ redis-dev302
❌ redis5323
✅ turso-dev302
❌ turso4513
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable4909
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable4909
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable4909

📋 View full workflow run

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.031s (-4.7%)1.006s (~)0.975s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro0.033s (-7.7% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.973s101.06x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.038s1.006s0.967s101.25x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.043s1.005s0.962s101.41x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.049s1.011s0.962s101.61x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.055s (+0.7%)1.014s (~)0.959s101.79x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.060s (+9.3% 🔺)1.012s (~)0.953s101.95x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.098s1.009s0.911s103.21x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express0.438s (-9.2% 🟢)1.848s (-24.5% 🟢)1.410s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro0.497s (-4.6%)2.266s (+1.4%)1.769s101.13x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)0.546s (-13.6% 🟢)2.440s (+4.2%)1.894s101.25x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express1.084s (-1.8%)2.006s (~)0.923s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.105s2.006s0.902s101.02x
💻 LocalNitro1.105s (~)2.007s (~)0.902s101.02x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)1.105s2.006s0.901s101.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.129s2.013s0.884s101.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.135s (+0.6%)2.012s (~)0.877s101.05x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.138s (-1.5%)2.012s (~)0.875s101.05x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)1.318s2.009s0.691s101.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.980s (-6.1% 🟢)3.449s (-9.2% 🟢)1.469s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.110s (~)3.587s (+2.3%)1.476s101.07x
▲ VercelExpress2.132s (+5.6% 🔺)3.277s (-10.6% 🟢)1.145s101.08x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express10.574s (-1.9%)11.023s (~)0.449s31.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.687s11.022s0.336s31.01x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)10.716s11.024s0.308s31.01x
💻 LocalNitro10.787s (~)11.024s (~)0.237s31.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.837s (-0.5%)11.045s (~)0.208s31.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.844s11.042s0.198s31.03x
🐘 PostgresExpress10.889s (+0.7%)11.042s (~)0.153s31.03x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)12.157s13.016s0.858s31.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express16.137s (-3.6%)16.972s (-8.7% 🟢)0.835s21.00x
▲ VercelNitro16.608s (-1.0%)18.012s (~)1.404s21.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)17.382s (+2.2%)20.044s (+10.7% 🔺)2.662s21.08x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)26.508s27.052s0.545s31.00x
💻 LocalExpress26.845s (-1.2%)27.060s (-3.5%)0.215s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)26.900s27.068s0.169s31.01x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)26.970s27.052s0.082s31.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro26.980s (~)27.396s (+1.2%)0.416s31.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress27.097s (~)27.733s (+2.5%)0.636s31.02x
💻 LocalNitro27.241s (~)28.054s (~)0.813s31.03x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)30.397s31.038s0.641s21.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro43.085s (-1.1%)44.262s (-1.8%)1.177s21.00x
▲ VercelExpress43.586s (~)45.092s (~)1.506s21.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)43.749s (~)45.346s (~)1.596s21.02x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)52.981s53.096s0.115s21.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)53.566s54.106s0.540s21.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro53.872s (~)54.093s (~)0.221s21.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress54.078s (~)54.105s (~)0.027s21.02x
💻 LocalExpress55.218s (-1.5%)56.105s (~)0.887s21.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)55.660s56.103s0.443s21.05x
💻 LocalNitro56.297s (~)57.106s (~)0.809s21.06x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)60.638s61.060s0.422s21.14x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)95.771s (-76.2% 🟢)97.604s (-75.9% 🟢)1.833s11.00x
▲ VercelNitro98.161s (+2.0%)99.279s (+1.8%)1.118s11.02x
▲ VercelExpress98.897s (+3.5%)100.172s (+3.3%)1.275s11.03x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.271s2.006s0.735s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.351s (-1.9%)2.012s (~)0.661s151.06x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.382s (~)2.013s (~)0.631s151.09x
💻 LocalExpress1.401s (-0.8%)2.007s (~)0.605s151.10x
💻 LocalNitro1.416s (-1.2%)2.005s (~)0.590s151.11x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.418s2.012s0.595s151.12x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.419s2.006s0.587s151.12x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.132s3.008s0.876s101.68x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.372s (+1.9%)3.242s (-13.7% 🟢)0.870s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.601s (-4.3%)4.046s (+0.9%)1.445s81.10x
▲ VercelNitro2.797s (+11.4% 🔺)4.238s (+11.2% 🔺)1.441s81.18x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.952s2.514s0.562s121.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.993s (-5.6% 🟢)2.515s (-3.3%)0.522s121.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.048s (+1.7%)2.601s (~)0.553s121.05x
💻 LocalExpress2.476s (-3.2%)3.008s (~)0.532s101.27x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)2.541s3.008s0.468s101.30x
💻 LocalNitro2.635s (-0.9%)3.007s (~)0.373s101.35x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.659s3.008s0.349s101.36x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.671s5.178s0.507s62.39x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.542s (-7.3% 🟢)3.453s (-14.2% 🟢)0.911s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.593s (-10.9% 🟢)3.760s (-8.9% 🟢)1.167s81.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.876s (+3.1%)4.317s (+10.7% 🔺)1.441s71.13x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express3.642s (-2.2%)4.450s (+3.1%)0.808s71.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.644s4.310s0.666s71.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro3.777s (~)4.595s (+3.0%)0.818s71.04x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)4.050s4.725s0.675s71.11x
💻 LocalExpress6.923s (-9.9% 🟢)7.515s (-6.3% 🟢)0.592s41.90x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)7.234s7.765s0.531s41.99x
💻 LocalNitro7.790s (+2.6%)8.023s (~)0.233s42.14x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)9.954s10.350s0.396s32.73x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.940s (+3.2%)4.303s (+11.7% 🔺)1.362s71.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.251s (+14.1% 🔺)4.603s (+16.6% 🔺)1.352s71.11x
▲ VercelNitro3.439s (+18.5% 🔺)4.499s (+4.2%)1.060s71.17x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.249s2.006s0.757s151.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.374s (-6.2% 🟢)2.006s (~)0.631s151.10x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.395s2.012s0.617s151.12x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.403s (~)2.013s (~)0.610s151.12x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.413s (+0.9%)2.012s (~)0.599s151.13x
💻 LocalNitro1.425s (-0.9%)2.005s (~)0.580s151.14x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.445s2.005s0.560s151.16x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.176s3.008s0.831s101.74x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.062s (-11.9% 🟢)3.485s (-11.5% 🟢)1.423s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.150s (-2.6%)3.177s (-13.4% 🟢)1.028s101.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.385s (+13.5% 🔺)3.976s (+15.9% 🔺)1.591s81.16x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro2.055s (-1.3%)2.517s (-6.2% 🟢)0.462s121.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.099s2.514s0.415s121.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.177s (-2.4%)2.741s (+2.2%)0.564s111.06x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)2.501s3.008s0.507s101.22x
💻 LocalExpress2.515s (-8.0% 🟢)3.008s (~)0.493s101.22x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.746s3.008s0.262s101.34x
💻 LocalNitro2.770s (~)3.010s (~)0.240s101.35x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.670s5.176s0.506s62.27x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.165s (-3.3%)3.121s (-11.8% 🟢)0.955s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.399s (+0.9%)3.780s (+10.0% 🔺)1.381s81.11x
▲ VercelNitro2.592s (+10.5% 🔺)3.786s (+2.1%)1.194s81.20x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro3.900s (+3.1%)4.596s (~)0.696s71.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress3.939s (+5.1% 🔺)5.022s (+12.9% 🔺)1.083s61.01x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)4.016s4.582s0.566s71.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)4.247s5.024s0.777s71.09x
💻 LocalExpress7.774s (-5.6% 🟢)8.266s (-8.4% 🟢)0.492s41.99x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)8.094s8.770s0.676s42.08x
💻 LocalNitro8.369s (+1.1%)9.022s (~)0.653s42.15x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)9.850s10.349s0.499s32.53x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.157s (+2.2%)4.149s (-4.8%)0.993s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.215s (+8.3% 🔺)4.046s (-6.6% 🟢)0.831s81.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.384s (+18.8% 🔺)5.032s (+25.1% 🔺)1.649s61.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.113s (-32.8% 🟢)1.002s (~)0.011s (-7.0% 🟢)1.016s (~)0.904s101.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.149s1.000s0.002s1.007s0.859s101.32x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.149s1.001s0.012s1.018s0.868s101.33x
💻 LocalNitro0.174s (+0.9%)1.003s (~)0.013s (+9.4% 🔺)1.019s (~)0.844s101.55x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.187s1.001s0.002s1.015s0.828s101.66x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.198s (-2.2%)0.991s (~)0.001s (-13.3% 🟢)1.012s (~)0.814s101.76x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.202s (+8.1% 🔺)0.998s (~)0.002s (+15.4% 🔺)1.013s (~)0.811s101.79x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.467s0.975s0.001s1.009s0.542s104.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.552s (-9.0% 🟢)2.021s (-26.2% 🟢)0.005s (-98.3% 🟢)2.506s (-27.5% 🟢)0.953s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress1.555s (-4.3%)2.296s (-9.5% 🟢)0.005s (-19.3% 🟢)2.640s (-11.8% 🟢)1.085s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro1.976s (+25.2% 🔺)2.676s (+3.7%)0.004s (-12.2% 🟢)3.263s (+7.3% 🔺)1.287s101.27x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalExpress12/12
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)7/12
▲ VercelExpress6/12
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express💻 Local6/12
Next.js (Turbopack)🌐 Redis5/12
Nitro🐘 Postgres6/12
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run

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Pull request overview

This PR improves error surfacing for HTTP failures (especially 429 rate-limit errors) across the e2e test suite, CLI hydration layer, and Vercel encryption key fetch. Previously, rate-limit responses would produce confusing, unrelated test failures with misleading assertion errors. The fix addresses four stacked issues: silent exit code handling in tests, empty stdout fallback, swallowed HTTP errors during decryption, and generic error messages in fetchRunKey.

Changes:

  • awaitCommand() now rejects on non-zero exit codes (with stderr/stdout in the error), and cliInspectJson()/cliHealthJson() throw on empty stdout instead of silently parsing {}.
  • maybeDecryptFields() re-throws HTTP errors instead of falling back to encrypted placeholders, and fetchRunKey() now includes response body and status text in error messages.
  • Added 429: 'Too Many Requests' to the CLI's getStatusText() map.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 6 out of 6 changed files in this pull request and generated 1 comment.

Show a summary per file
FileDescription
packages/core/e2e/utils.tsawaitCommand() rejects on non-zero exit code; cliInspectJson()/cliHealthJson() throw on empty stdout
packages/cli/src/lib/inspect/hydration.tsRe-throws HTTP-related errors from decryption catch block instead of silently falling back
packages/cli/src/lib/inspect/output.tsAdds 429 status code to getStatusText() lookup
packages/world-vercel/src/encryption.tsEnriches fetchRunKey error with response body and status text
.changeset/fix-world-vercel-fetchrunkey-error.mdChangeset for @workflow/world-vercel patch
.changeset/fix-cli-429-error-surfacing.mdChangeset for @workflow/cli patch

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// If the key fetch failed due to an HTTP error (e.g. 429 rate limit,
// 500 server error), re-throw so the caller surfaces a clear failure
// instead of silently showing encrypted placeholders.
if (message.includes('HTTP ')) {

CopilotAIMar 9, 2026

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The message.includes('HTTP ') heuristic for distinguishing HTTP errors from decryption errors is fragile. If any future error message from maybeDecrypt, importKey, or other code in the try block happens to contain the substring "HTTP ", it will be incorrectly re-thrown instead of falling through to the graceful fallback.

Consider a more robust approach, such as checking for the specific prefix used in fetchRunKey (e.g., message.startsWith('Failed to fetch run key')) or tagging HTTP errors with a custom property (e.g., error.isHttpError = true) in fetchRunKey and checking for that property here.

Suggested change
if(message.includes('HTTP ')){
constisHttpError=
(errasany)?.isHttpError===true||
message.startsWith('Failed to fetch run key');
if(isHttpError){

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@TooTallNate
TooTallNate merged commit d842ce1 into mainMar 10, 2026
105 checks passed
@TooTallNate
TooTallNate deleted the fix/e2e-error-surfacing branch March 10, 2026 07:23
pranaygp added a commit that referenced this pull request Mar 12, 2026
…ignal
* origin/main: (26 commits)
Fix flaky streamer test ENOENT when chunks directory does not exist yet (#1330)
Version Packages (beta) (#1325)
[web-shared] Improve workflow observability event list UX (#1337)
feat: add `exists` getter to `Run` class (#1336)
Support client-side tools in DurableAgent (#1329)
[world-postgres] [world-local] Execute Graphile jobs directly instead of defering to world-local queue (#1334)
Merge CLAUDE.md into AGENTS.md and symlink CLAUDE.md (#1326)
[web] Polish loading indicators (#1327)
Fix flaky webhookWorkflow e2e test by polling instead of fixed sleep (#1328)
feat: support `deploymentId: 'latest'` in `start()` to resolve most recent deployment (#1317)
Fix bug where the SWC compiler bug prunes step-only imports in the client-mode transformation
[web] [world-vercel] Ensure user-passed run IDs are URL encoded and call out self-hosted security (#1322)
Version Packages (beta) (#1306)
Remove hard-coded VERCEL_DEPLOYMENT_KEY from nextjs-turbopack workbench (#1319)
fix(web): move react-router deps to devDependencies (#1265)
fix(ai): use workspace:* for workflow peer dependency (#1320)
fix(core): pass resolved deploymentId to getEncryptionKeyForRun in start() (#1318)
fix: surface 429 rate-limit errors in e2e tests and CLI (#1309)
fix(world-local): return HTTP 200 instead of 503 for queue timeout re-enqueue signals (#1307)
[web-shared] [cli] Refactor observability data fetching (#1261)
...
# Conflicts:
#	packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts
#	packages/web-shared/src/components/sidebar/attribute-panel.tsx
#	workbench/example/workflows/99_e2e.ts
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3 participants

@TooTallNate@VaguelySerious