fix(core): pass resolved deploymentId to getEncryptionKeyForRun in start() by TooTallNate · Pull Request #1318 · vercel/workflow

TooTallNate · 2026-03-10T22:48:28Z

Summary

Fix: start() was not encrypting the initial workflow input when called from external contexts (e2e test runners, CLI) because it passed the raw user-provided opts to getEncryptionKeyForRun instead of including the resolved deploymentId.
The deploymentId was correctly resolved from world.getDeploymentId() on line 108, but never forwarded into the context object on line 127, so getEncryptionKeyForRun received undefined and silently skipped encryption.
Step inputs/outputs were encrypted correctly because they execute inside the Vercel Function where the local HKDF path (VERCEL=1 + VERCEL_DEPLOYMENT_KEY) is used instead.

Changes

packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts: Include the resolved deploymentId in the context passed to getEncryptionKeyForRun
packages/core/src/runtime/start.test.ts: Add test cases verifying getEncryptionKeyForRun receives the resolved deploymentId both when inferred from the environment and when explicitly provided
Changeset: @workflow/core patch

…art() The start() function resolved deploymentId from world.getDeploymentId() but then passed the original opts (without the resolved value) to getEncryptionKeyForRun. In external contexts (e2e tests, CLI) where deploymentId is inferred from the environment rather than explicitly provided, this caused getEncryptionKeyForRun to receive undefined deploymentId and silently skip encryption for the initial workflow input.

vercel · 2026-03-10T22:48:29Z

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Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workflow-nest	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm

changeset-bot · 2026-03-10T22:48:33Z

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: f1ce686

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 15 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

github-actions · 2026-03-10T22:48:37Z

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	571	0	67	638
✅ 💻 Local Development	612	0	84	696
✅ 📦 Local Production	612	0	84	696
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	612	0	84	696
✅ 🪟 Windows	55	0	3	58
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	118	56	15	189
✅ 📋 Other	147	0	27	174
Total	2727	56	364	3147

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (56 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
webhookWorkflow
concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

redis (2 failed):

hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

turso (51 failed):

addTenWorkflow
addTenWorkflow
wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent)
should work with react rendering in step
promiseAllWorkflow
promiseRaceWorkflow
promiseAnyWorkflow
importedStepOnlyWorkflow
hookWorkflow
hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
webhookWorkflow
sleepingWorkflow
parallelSleepWorkflow
nullByteWorkflow
workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
fetchWorkflow
promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
error handling retry behavior workflow completes despite transient 5xx on step_completed
error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running
stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep
sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control)

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro	51	7
✅ example	51	7
✅ express	51	7
✅ fastify	51	7
✅ hono	51	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	56	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	56	2
✅ nitro	51	7
✅ nuxt	51	7
✅ sveltekit	51	7
✅ vite	51	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	9
✅ express-stable	49	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	9
✅ hono-stable	49	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	9
✅ vite-stable	49	9

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	9
✅ express-stable	49	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	9
✅ hono-stable	49	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	9
✅ vite-stable	49	9

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	9
✅ express-stable	49	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	9
✅ hono-stable	49	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	9
✅ vite-stable	49	9

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	55	0	3

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	2
❌ mongodb	52	3	3
✅ redis-dev	3	0	2
❌ redis	53	2	3
✅ turso-dev	3	0	2
❌ turso	4	51	3

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	49	9
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	49	9
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	49	9

📋 View full workflow run

github-actions · 2026-03-10T22:48:37Z

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.033s (+17.2% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.973s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.033s (+0.6%)	1.005s (~)	0.972s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.042s (-4.7%)	1.005s (~)	0.963s	10	1.30x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.044s (+17.7% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.962s	10	1.36x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.055s (~)	1.011s (~)	0.956s	10	1.68x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.056s (+2.7%)	1.012s (~)	0.955s	10	1.72x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.117s (+22.2% 🔺)	1.008s (~)	0.890s	10	3.59x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.517s (+8.9% 🔺)	2.279s (+12.8% 🔺)	1.762s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.622s (+16.1% 🔺)	2.511s (+4.4%)	1.889s	10	1.20x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.735s (+19.1% 🔺)	2.500s (+9.5% 🔺)	1.765s	10	1.42x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.095s (-0.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.910s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.101s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.905s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.104s (+2.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.902s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.104s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.902s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.130s (~)	2.012s (~)	0.882s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.133s (~)	2.013s (~)	0.879s	10	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.305s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.703s	10	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.023s (-2.2%)	3.481s (+1.1%)	1.458s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.043s (+1.0%)	3.652s (-2.2%)	1.608s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.047s (~)	3.567s (+5.5% 🔺)	1.520s	10	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.637s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.384s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.681s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.342s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.793s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.231s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	10.794s (+2.7%)	11.025s (~)	0.231s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.821s (-0.7%)	11.045s (~)	0.224s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.863s (~)	11.046s (~)	0.183s	3	1.02x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.213s (~)	13.019s (~)	0.806s	3	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	16.500s (-7.1% 🟢)	17.831s (-8.2% 🟢)	1.331s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	16.702s (-6.1% 🟢)	17.985s (-7.4% 🟢)	1.283s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	16.956s (~)	18.637s (+1.1%)	1.681s	2	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	26.507s (~)	27.049s (~)	0.541s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	26.918s (~)	27.054s (~)	0.136s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	26.944s (~)	27.059s (-2.4%)	0.115s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	26.979s (~)	27.394s (+1.2%)	0.416s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.231s (~)	28.052s (~)	0.821s	3	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	27.274s (+2.9%)	28.054s (+3.7%)	0.780s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.546s (~)	31.050s (~)	0.504s	2	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	42.803s (-5.7% 🟢)	44.882s (-4.1%)	2.079s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	43.404s (-3.2%)	45.032s (-3.0%)	1.628s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	43.429s (-6.6% 🟢)	45.304s (-5.8% 🟢)	1.874s	2	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	53.076s (-0.7%)	53.594s (-0.9%)	0.518s	2	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	53.967s (~)	54.103s (~)	0.136s	2	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	54.032s (~)	54.103s (~)	0.071s	2	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	55.383s (~)	56.103s (~)	0.719s	2	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	56.255s (+0.6%)	57.104s (+1.8%)	0.849s	2	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	56.373s (+3.6%)	57.108s (+3.6%)	0.735s	2	1.06x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	61.138s (~)	62.100s (+1.7%)	0.962s	2	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	92.401s (-3.8%)	93.928s (-3.6%)	1.527s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	97.802s (~)	99.711s (+0.6%)	1.909s	1	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	103.235s (+7.6% 🔺)	104.629s (+6.2% 🔺)	1.394s	1	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.284s (+3.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.722s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.358s (-1.4%)	2.011s (~)	0.653s	15	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.367s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.644s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.393s (-3.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.613s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Express	1.412s (+5.0% 🔺)	2.006s (~)	0.594s	15	1.10x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.416s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.589s	15	1.10x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.137s (~)	3.010s (~)	0.872s	10	1.66x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.436s (+7.3% 🔺)	3.831s (+5.5% 🔺)	1.395s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.006s (+32.6% 🔺)	4.452s (+17.3% 🔺)	1.446s	7	1.23x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.024s (+9.3% 🔺)	4.566s (+8.6% 🔺)	1.542s	7	1.24x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.994s (-4.9%)	2.517s (-8.3% 🟢)	0.523s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.032s (+1.0%)	2.518s (-3.1%)	0.485s	12	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.477s (~)	3.008s (~)	0.531s	10	1.24x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.558s (-5.1% 🟢)	3.007s (~)	0.449s	10	1.28x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.657s (+3.2%)	3.007s (~)	0.350s	10	1.33x
💻 Local	Express	2.675s (+17.4% 🔺)	3.008s (~)	0.332s	10	1.34x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.748s (+1.4%)	5.178s (~)	0.431s	6	2.38x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.582s (+1.3%)	3.982s (-0.8%)	1.400s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.891s (-15.2% 🟢)	4.194s (-9.7% 🟢)	1.302s	8	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.984s (+1.0%)	4.157s (-3.2%)	1.173s	8	1.16x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.313s (-17.7% 🟢)	4.147s (-12.4% 🟢)	0.835s	8	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.033s (-4.3%)	4.581s (-8.6% 🟢)	0.548s	7	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Express	4.219s (+7.9% 🔺)	4.610s (-2.8%)	0.391s	7	1.27x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.265s (-16.3% 🟢)	6.817s (-15.0% 🟢)	0.551s	5	1.89x
💻 Local	Express	7.699s (+18.0% 🔺)	8.021s (+14.3% 🔺)	0.322s	4	2.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.838s (+8.7% 🔺)	8.019s (~)	0.181s	4	2.37x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.977s (~)	10.685s (+3.3%)	0.709s	3	3.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.866s (-3.5%)	4.320s (+2.1%)	1.454s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.924s (-10.3% 🟢)	4.142s (-19.4% 🟢)	1.218s	8	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.947s (-6.7% 🟢)	4.332s (+0.8%)	1.385s	7	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.245s (-0.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.761s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.386s (-1.2%)	2.012s (~)	0.626s	15	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.391s (+1.0%)	2.012s (~)	0.620s	15	1.12x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.395s (-5.9% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.611s	15	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.446s (+0.7%)	2.005s (~)	0.559s	15	1.16x
💻 Local	Express	1.453s (+4.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.553s	15	1.17x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.163s (-0.6%)	3.008s (~)	0.845s	10	1.74x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.103s (-11.1% 🟢)	3.586s (-5.0%)	1.483s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.118s (-11.8% 🟢)	3.500s (-10.1% 🟢)	1.382s	9	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.184s (+5.8% 🔺)	3.554s (+3.5%)	1.370s	9	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.016s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.601s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.585s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.031s (+3.1%)	2.479s (-1.4%)	0.447s	13	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.488s (-1.1%)	3.008s (~)	0.519s	10	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.512s (-8.9% 🟢)	3.008s (~)	0.496s	10	1.25x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.775s (+2.9%)	3.008s (~)	0.234s	10	1.38x
💻 Local	Express	2.809s (+18.5% 🔺)	3.109s (+3.4%)	0.299s	10	1.39x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.730s (+0.5%)	5.176s (~)	0.446s	6	2.35x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.610s (+5.9% 🔺)	3.873s (+2.9%)	1.263s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.848s (+14.1% 🔺)	4.023s (+12.6% 🔺)	1.175s	8	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.916s (+18.3% 🔺)	4.451s (+14.9% 🔺)	1.535s	7	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.834s (-4.1%)	4.315s (-6.2% 🟢)	0.481s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.868s (+4.9%)	4.449s (-3.2%)	0.581s	7	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.992s (~)	4.294s (-3.2%)	0.303s	7	1.04x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.092s (-4.2%)	7.768s (~)	0.676s	4	1.85x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.206s (+4.6%)	9.023s (+9.1% 🔺)	0.818s	4	2.14x
💻 Local	Express	8.588s (+25.5% 🔺)	9.023s (+28.6% 🔺)	0.436s	4	2.24x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.919s (~)	10.350s (~)	0.431s	3	2.59x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.064s (-2.0%)	4.783s (+10.7% 🔺)	1.719s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.275s (+8.9% 🔺)	4.480s (+3.3%)	1.206s	8	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.570s (+16.2% 🔺)	4.867s (+14.7% 🔺)	1.297s	7	1.17x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.145s (-6.9% 🟢)	1.001s (~)	0.011s (-9.1% 🟢)	1.017s (~)	0.872s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.150s (+4.2%)	1.000s (~)	0.002s (+21.4% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.858s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	0.174s (+59.5% 🔺)	1.003s (~)	0.012s (+16.7% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.843s	10	1.20x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.177s (+3.5%)	1.003s (~)	0.012s (+3.6%)	1.017s (~)	0.841s	10	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.189s (-12.6% 🟢)	0.996s (~)	0.001s (~)	1.013s (~)	0.824s	10	1.30x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.204s (~)	0.992s (~)	0.001s (-12.5% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.808s	10	1.41x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.503s (-1.2%)	0.945s (+1.4%)	0.002s (~)	1.010s (~)	0.507s	10	3.47x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.624s (+4.2%)	2.540s (+24.4% 🔺)	0.024s (+344.4% 🔺)	3.148s (+23.1% 🔺)	1.524s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.644s (+5.4% 🔺)	2.422s (+9.9% 🔺)	0.006s (+10.9% 🔺)	2.930s (+7.6% 🔺)	1.286s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.773s (+17.2% 🔺)	2.934s (+32.5% 🔺)	0.006s (-44.0% 🟢)	3.540s (+32.4% 🔺)	1.767s	10	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	11/12
🐘 Postgres	Express	6/12
▲ Vercel	Express	7/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	6/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Redis	8/12
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	6/12

Column Definitions

Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run

Copilot

Pull request overview

Fixes initial workflow input encryption in start() when invoked outside the Vercel serverless runtime by ensuring getEncryptionKeyForRun(runId, context) receives the resolveddeploymentId (including cases where it’s inferred via world.getDeploymentId()).

Changes:

Pass resolved deploymentId into the context object provided to world.getEncryptionKeyForRun() in start().
Add tests asserting getEncryptionKeyForRun receives the resolved deploymentId both when inferred and when explicitly provided.
Add a changeset for a @workflow/core patch release.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 3 out of 3 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

File	Description
packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts	Forwards resolved `deploymentId` to `getEncryptionKeyForRun` so encryption key resolution works in external contexts.
packages/core/src/runtime/start.test.ts	Adds regression tests to ensure `deploymentId` is present in the key-resolution context.
.changeset/fix-start-encryption-deploymentid.md	Documents the bugfix and bumps `@workflow/core` with a patch changeset.

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karthikscale3

looks good to me

…ignal * origin/main: (26 commits) Fix flaky streamer test ENOENT when chunks directory does not exist yet (#1330) Version Packages (beta) (#1325) [web-shared] Improve workflow observability event list UX (#1337) feat: add `exists` getter to `Run` class (#1336) Support client-side tools in DurableAgent (#1329) [world-postgres] [world-local] Execute Graphile jobs directly instead of defering to world-local queue (#1334) Merge CLAUDE.md into AGENTS.md and symlink CLAUDE.md (#1326) [web] Polish loading indicators (#1327) Fix flaky webhookWorkflow e2e test by polling instead of fixed sleep (#1328) feat: support `deploymentId: 'latest'` in `start()` to resolve most recent deployment (#1317) Fix bug where the SWC compiler bug prunes step-only imports in the client-mode transformation [web] [world-vercel] Ensure user-passed run IDs are URL encoded and call out self-hosted security (#1322) Version Packages (beta) (#1306) Remove hard-coded VERCEL_DEPLOYMENT_KEY from nextjs-turbopack workbench (#1319) fix(web): move react-router deps to devDependencies (#1265) fix(ai): use workspace:* for workflow peer dependency (#1320) fix(core): pass resolved deploymentId to getEncryptionKeyForRun in start() (#1318) fix: surface 429 rate-limit errors in e2e tests and CLI (#1309) fix(world-local): return HTTP 200 instead of 503 for queue timeout re-enqueue signals (#1307) [web-shared] [cli] Refactor observability data fetching (#1261) ... # Conflicts: # packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts # packages/web-shared/src/components/sidebar/attribute-panel.tsx # workbench/example/workflows/99_e2e.ts

TooTallNate · 2026-03-10T22:48:28Z

Summary

Fix: start() was not encrypting the initial workflow input when called from external contexts (e2e test runners, CLI) because it passed the raw user-provided opts to getEncryptionKeyForRun instead of including the resolved deploymentId.
The deploymentId was correctly resolved from world.getDeploymentId() on line 108, but never forwarded into the context object on line 127, so getEncryptionKeyForRun received undefined and silently skipped encryption.
Step inputs/outputs were encrypted correctly because they execute inside the Vercel Function where the local HKDF path (VERCEL=1 + VERCEL_DEPLOYMENT_KEY) is used instead.

Changes

packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts: Include the resolved deploymentId in the context passed to getEncryptionKeyForRun
packages/core/src/runtime/start.test.ts: Add test cases verifying getEncryptionKeyForRun receives the resolved deploymentId both when inferred from the environment and when explicitly provided
Changeset: @workflow/core patch

…art() The start() function resolved deploymentId from world.getDeploymentId() but then passed the original opts (without the resolved value) to getEncryptionKeyForRun. In external contexts (e2e tests, CLI) where deploymentId is inferred from the environment rather than explicitly provided, this caused getEncryptionKeyForRun to receive undefined deploymentId and silently skip encryption for the initial workflow input.

vercel · 2026-03-10T22:48:29Z

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workflow-nest	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm

changeset-bot · 2026-03-10T22:48:33Z

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: f1ce686

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 15 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

github-actions · 2026-03-10T22:48:37Z

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	571	0	67	638
✅ 💻 Local Development	612	0	84	696
✅ 📦 Local Production	612	0	84	696
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	612	0	84	696
✅ 🪟 Windows	55	0	3	58
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	118	56	15	189
✅ 📋 Other	147	0	27	174
Total	2727	56	364	3147

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (56 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
webhookWorkflow
concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

redis (2 failed):

hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

turso (51 failed):

addTenWorkflow
addTenWorkflow
wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent)
should work with react rendering in step
promiseAllWorkflow
promiseRaceWorkflow
promiseAnyWorkflow
importedStepOnlyWorkflow
hookWorkflow
hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
webhookWorkflow
sleepingWorkflow
parallelSleepWorkflow
nullByteWorkflow
workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
fetchWorkflow
promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
error handling retry behavior workflow completes despite transient 5xx on step_completed
error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running
stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep
sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control)

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro	51	7
✅ example	51	7
✅ express	51	7
✅ fastify	51	7
✅ hono	51	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	56	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	56	2
✅ nitro	51	7
✅ nuxt	51	7
✅ sveltekit	51	7
✅ vite	51	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	9
✅ express-stable	49	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	9
✅ hono-stable	49	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	9
✅ vite-stable	49	9

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	9
✅ express-stable	49	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	9
✅ hono-stable	49	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	9
✅ vite-stable	49	9

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	9
✅ express-stable	49	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	9
✅ hono-stable	49	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	9
✅ vite-stable	49	9

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	55	0	3

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	2
❌ mongodb	52	3	3
✅ redis-dev	3	0	2
❌ redis	53	2	3
✅ turso-dev	3	0	2
❌ turso	4	51	3

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	49	9
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	49	9
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	49	9

📋 View full workflow run

github-actions · 2026-03-10T22:48:37Z

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.033s (+17.2% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.973s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.033s (+0.6%)	1.005s (~)	0.972s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.042s (-4.7%)	1.005s (~)	0.963s	10	1.30x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.044s (+17.7% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.962s	10	1.36x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.055s (~)	1.011s (~)	0.956s	10	1.68x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.056s (+2.7%)	1.012s (~)	0.955s	10	1.72x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.117s (+22.2% 🔺)	1.008s (~)	0.890s	10	3.59x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.517s (+8.9% 🔺)	2.279s (+12.8% 🔺)	1.762s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.622s (+16.1% 🔺)	2.511s (+4.4%)	1.889s	10	1.20x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.735s (+19.1% 🔺)	2.500s (+9.5% 🔺)	1.765s	10	1.42x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.095s (-0.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.910s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.101s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.905s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.104s (+2.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.902s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.104s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.902s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.130s (~)	2.012s (~)	0.882s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.133s (~)	2.013s (~)	0.879s	10	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.305s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.703s	10	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.023s (-2.2%)	3.481s (+1.1%)	1.458s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.043s (+1.0%)	3.652s (-2.2%)	1.608s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.047s (~)	3.567s (+5.5% 🔺)	1.520s	10	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.637s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.384s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.681s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.342s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.793s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.231s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	10.794s (+2.7%)	11.025s (~)	0.231s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.821s (-0.7%)	11.045s (~)	0.224s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.863s (~)	11.046s (~)	0.183s	3	1.02x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.213s (~)	13.019s (~)	0.806s	3	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	16.500s (-7.1% 🟢)	17.831s (-8.2% 🟢)	1.331s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	16.702s (-6.1% 🟢)	17.985s (-7.4% 🟢)	1.283s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	16.956s (~)	18.637s (+1.1%)	1.681s	2	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	26.507s (~)	27.049s (~)	0.541s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	26.918s (~)	27.054s (~)	0.136s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	26.944s (~)	27.059s (-2.4%)	0.115s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	26.979s (~)	27.394s (+1.2%)	0.416s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.231s (~)	28.052s (~)	0.821s	3	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	27.274s (+2.9%)	28.054s (+3.7%)	0.780s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.546s (~)	31.050s (~)	0.504s	2	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	42.803s (-5.7% 🟢)	44.882s (-4.1%)	2.079s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	43.404s (-3.2%)	45.032s (-3.0%)	1.628s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	43.429s (-6.6% 🟢)	45.304s (-5.8% 🟢)	1.874s	2	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	53.076s (-0.7%)	53.594s (-0.9%)	0.518s	2	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	53.967s (~)	54.103s (~)	0.136s	2	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	54.032s (~)	54.103s (~)	0.071s	2	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	55.383s (~)	56.103s (~)	0.719s	2	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	56.255s (+0.6%)	57.104s (+1.8%)	0.849s	2	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	56.373s (+3.6%)	57.108s (+3.6%)	0.735s	2	1.06x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	61.138s (~)	62.100s (+1.7%)	0.962s	2	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	92.401s (-3.8%)	93.928s (-3.6%)	1.527s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	97.802s (~)	99.711s (+0.6%)	1.909s	1	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	103.235s (+7.6% 🔺)	104.629s (+6.2% 🔺)	1.394s	1	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.284s (+3.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.722s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.358s (-1.4%)	2.011s (~)	0.653s	15	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.367s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.644s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.393s (-3.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.613s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Express	1.412s (+5.0% 🔺)	2.006s (~)	0.594s	15	1.10x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.416s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.589s	15	1.10x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.137s (~)	3.010s (~)	0.872s	10	1.66x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.436s (+7.3% 🔺)	3.831s (+5.5% 🔺)	1.395s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.006s (+32.6% 🔺)	4.452s (+17.3% 🔺)	1.446s	7	1.23x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.024s (+9.3% 🔺)	4.566s (+8.6% 🔺)	1.542s	7	1.24x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.994s (-4.9%)	2.517s (-8.3% 🟢)	0.523s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.032s (+1.0%)	2.518s (-3.1%)	0.485s	12	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.477s (~)	3.008s (~)	0.531s	10	1.24x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.558s (-5.1% 🟢)	3.007s (~)	0.449s	10	1.28x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.657s (+3.2%)	3.007s (~)	0.350s	10	1.33x
💻 Local	Express	2.675s (+17.4% 🔺)	3.008s (~)	0.332s	10	1.34x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.748s (+1.4%)	5.178s (~)	0.431s	6	2.38x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.582s (+1.3%)	3.982s (-0.8%)	1.400s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.891s (-15.2% 🟢)	4.194s (-9.7% 🟢)	1.302s	8	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.984s (+1.0%)	4.157s (-3.2%)	1.173s	8	1.16x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.313s (-17.7% 🟢)	4.147s (-12.4% 🟢)	0.835s	8	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.033s (-4.3%)	4.581s (-8.6% 🟢)	0.548s	7	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Express	4.219s (+7.9% 🔺)	4.610s (-2.8%)	0.391s	7	1.27x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.265s (-16.3% 🟢)	6.817s (-15.0% 🟢)	0.551s	5	1.89x
💻 Local	Express	7.699s (+18.0% 🔺)	8.021s (+14.3% 🔺)	0.322s	4	2.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.838s (+8.7% 🔺)	8.019s (~)	0.181s	4	2.37x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.977s (~)	10.685s (+3.3%)	0.709s	3	3.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.866s (-3.5%)	4.320s (+2.1%)	1.454s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.924s (-10.3% 🟢)	4.142s (-19.4% 🟢)	1.218s	8	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.947s (-6.7% 🟢)	4.332s (+0.8%)	1.385s	7	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.245s (-0.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.761s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.386s (-1.2%)	2.012s (~)	0.626s	15	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.391s (+1.0%)	2.012s (~)	0.620s	15	1.12x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.395s (-5.9% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.611s	15	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.446s (+0.7%)	2.005s (~)	0.559s	15	1.16x
💻 Local	Express	1.453s (+4.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.553s	15	1.17x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.163s (-0.6%)	3.008s (~)	0.845s	10	1.74x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.103s (-11.1% 🟢)	3.586s (-5.0%)	1.483s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.118s (-11.8% 🟢)	3.500s (-10.1% 🟢)	1.382s	9	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.184s (+5.8% 🔺)	3.554s (+3.5%)	1.370s	9	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.016s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.601s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.585s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.031s (+3.1%)	2.479s (-1.4%)	0.447s	13	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.488s (-1.1%)	3.008s (~)	0.519s	10	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.512s (-8.9% 🟢)	3.008s (~)	0.496s	10	1.25x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.775s (+2.9%)	3.008s (~)	0.234s	10	1.38x
💻 Local	Express	2.809s (+18.5% 🔺)	3.109s (+3.4%)	0.299s	10	1.39x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.730s (+0.5%)	5.176s (~)	0.446s	6	2.35x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.610s (+5.9% 🔺)	3.873s (+2.9%)	1.263s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.848s (+14.1% 🔺)	4.023s (+12.6% 🔺)	1.175s	8	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.916s (+18.3% 🔺)	4.451s (+14.9% 🔺)	1.535s	7	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.834s (-4.1%)	4.315s (-6.2% 🟢)	0.481s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.868s (+4.9%)	4.449s (-3.2%)	0.581s	7	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.992s (~)	4.294s (-3.2%)	0.303s	7	1.04x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.092s (-4.2%)	7.768s (~)	0.676s	4	1.85x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.206s (+4.6%)	9.023s (+9.1% 🔺)	0.818s	4	2.14x
💻 Local	Express	8.588s (+25.5% 🔺)	9.023s (+28.6% 🔺)	0.436s	4	2.24x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.919s (~)	10.350s (~)	0.431s	3	2.59x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.064s (-2.0%)	4.783s (+10.7% 🔺)	1.719s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.275s (+8.9% 🔺)	4.480s (+3.3%)	1.206s	8	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.570s (+16.2% 🔺)	4.867s (+14.7% 🔺)	1.297s	7	1.17x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.145s (-6.9% 🟢)	1.001s (~)	0.011s (-9.1% 🟢)	1.017s (~)	0.872s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.150s (+4.2%)	1.000s (~)	0.002s (+21.4% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.858s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	0.174s (+59.5% 🔺)	1.003s (~)	0.012s (+16.7% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.843s	10	1.20x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.177s (+3.5%)	1.003s (~)	0.012s (+3.6%)	1.017s (~)	0.841s	10	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.189s (-12.6% 🟢)	0.996s (~)	0.001s (~)	1.013s (~)	0.824s	10	1.30x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.204s (~)	0.992s (~)	0.001s (-12.5% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.808s	10	1.41x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.503s (-1.2%)	0.945s (+1.4%)	0.002s (~)	1.010s (~)	0.507s	10	3.47x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.624s (+4.2%)	2.540s (+24.4% 🔺)	0.024s (+344.4% 🔺)	3.148s (+23.1% 🔺)	1.524s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.644s (+5.4% 🔺)	2.422s (+9.9% 🔺)	0.006s (+10.9% 🔺)	2.930s (+7.6% 🔺)	1.286s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.773s (+17.2% 🔺)	2.934s (+32.5% 🔺)	0.006s (-44.0% 🟢)	3.540s (+32.4% 🔺)	1.767s	10	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	11/12
🐘 Postgres	Express	6/12
▲ Vercel	Express	7/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	6/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Redis	8/12
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	6/12

Column Definitions

Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run

Copilot

Pull request overview

Fixes initial workflow input encryption in start() when invoked outside the Vercel serverless runtime by ensuring getEncryptionKeyForRun(runId, context) receives the resolveddeploymentId (including cases where it’s inferred via world.getDeploymentId()).

Changes:

Pass resolved deploymentId into the context object provided to world.getEncryptionKeyForRun() in start().
Add tests asserting getEncryptionKeyForRun receives the resolved deploymentId both when inferred and when explicitly provided.
Add a changeset for a @workflow/core patch release.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 3 out of 3 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

File	Description
packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts	Forwards resolved `deploymentId` to `getEncryptionKeyForRun` so encryption key resolution works in external contexts.
packages/core/src/runtime/start.test.ts	Adds regression tests to ensure `deploymentId` is present in the key-resolution context.
.changeset/fix-start-encryption-deploymentid.md	Documents the bugfix and bumps `@workflow/core` with a patch changeset.

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karthikscale3

looks good to me

…ignal * origin/main: (26 commits) Fix flaky streamer test ENOENT when chunks directory does not exist yet (#1330) Version Packages (beta) (#1325) [web-shared] Improve workflow observability event list UX (#1337) feat: add `exists` getter to `Run` class (#1336) Support client-side tools in DurableAgent (#1329) [world-postgres] [world-local] Execute Graphile jobs directly instead of defering to world-local queue (#1334) Merge CLAUDE.md into AGENTS.md and symlink CLAUDE.md (#1326) [web] Polish loading indicators (#1327) Fix flaky webhookWorkflow e2e test by polling instead of fixed sleep (#1328) feat: support `deploymentId: 'latest'` in `start()` to resolve most recent deployment (#1317) Fix bug where the SWC compiler bug prunes step-only imports in the client-mode transformation [web] [world-vercel] Ensure user-passed run IDs are URL encoded and call out self-hosted security (#1322) Version Packages (beta) (#1306) Remove hard-coded VERCEL_DEPLOYMENT_KEY from nextjs-turbopack workbench (#1319) fix(web): move react-router deps to devDependencies (#1265) fix(ai): use workspace:* for workflow peer dependency (#1320) fix(core): pass resolved deploymentId to getEncryptionKeyForRun in start() (#1318) fix: surface 429 rate-limit errors in e2e tests and CLI (#1309) fix(world-local): return HTTP 200 instead of 503 for queue timeout re-enqueue signals (#1307) [web-shared] [cli] Refactor observability data fetching (#1261) ... # Conflicts: # packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts # packages/web-shared/src/components/sidebar/attribute-panel.tsx # workbench/example/workflows/99_e2e.ts

TooTallNate · 2026-03-10T22:48:28Z

Summary

Fix: start() was not encrypting the initial workflow input when called from external contexts (e2e test runners, CLI) because it passed the raw user-provided opts to getEncryptionKeyForRun instead of including the resolved deploymentId.
The deploymentId was correctly resolved from world.getDeploymentId() on line 108, but never forwarded into the context object on line 127, so getEncryptionKeyForRun received undefined and silently skipped encryption.
Step inputs/outputs were encrypted correctly because they execute inside the Vercel Function where the local HKDF path (VERCEL=1 + VERCEL_DEPLOYMENT_KEY) is used instead.

Changes

packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts: Include the resolved deploymentId in the context passed to getEncryptionKeyForRun
packages/core/src/runtime/start.test.ts: Add test cases verifying getEncryptionKeyForRun receives the resolved deploymentId both when inferred from the environment and when explicitly provided
Changeset: @workflow/core patch

…art() The start() function resolved deploymentId from world.getDeploymentId() but then passed the original opts (without the resolved value) to getEncryptionKeyForRun. In external contexts (e2e tests, CLI) where deploymentId is inferred from the environment rather than explicitly provided, this caused getEncryptionKeyForRun to receive undefined deploymentId and silently skip encryption for the initial workflow input.

vercel · 2026-03-10T22:48:29Z

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workflow-nest	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm

changeset-bot · 2026-03-10T22:48:33Z

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: f1ce686

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 15 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

github-actions · 2026-03-10T22:48:37Z

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	571	0	67	638
✅ 💻 Local Development	612	0	84	696
✅ 📦 Local Production	612	0	84	696
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	612	0	84	696
✅ 🪟 Windows	55	0	3	58
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	118	56	15	189
✅ 📋 Other	147	0	27	174
Total	2727	56	364	3147

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (56 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
webhookWorkflow
concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

redis (2 failed):

hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

turso (51 failed):

addTenWorkflow
addTenWorkflow
wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent)
should work with react rendering in step
promiseAllWorkflow
promiseRaceWorkflow
promiseAnyWorkflow
importedStepOnlyWorkflow
hookWorkflow
hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
webhookWorkflow
sleepingWorkflow
parallelSleepWorkflow
nullByteWorkflow
workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
fetchWorkflow
promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
error handling retry behavior workflow completes despite transient 5xx on step_completed
error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running
stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep
sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control)

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro	51	7
✅ example	51	7
✅ express	51	7
✅ fastify	51	7
✅ hono	51	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	56	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	56	2
✅ nitro	51	7
✅ nuxt	51	7
✅ sveltekit	51	7
✅ vite	51	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	9
✅ express-stable	49	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	9
✅ hono-stable	49	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	9
✅ vite-stable	49	9

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	9
✅ express-stable	49	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	9
✅ hono-stable	49	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	9
✅ vite-stable	49	9

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	9
✅ express-stable	49	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	9
✅ hono-stable	49	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	9
✅ vite-stable	49	9

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	55	0	3

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	2
❌ mongodb	52	3	3
✅ redis-dev	3	0	2
❌ redis	53	2	3
✅ turso-dev	3	0	2
❌ turso	4	51	3

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	49	9
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	49	9
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	49	9

📋 View full workflow run

github-actions · 2026-03-10T22:48:37Z

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.033s (+17.2% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.973s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.033s (+0.6%)	1.005s (~)	0.972s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.042s (-4.7%)	1.005s (~)	0.963s	10	1.30x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.044s (+17.7% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.962s	10	1.36x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.055s (~)	1.011s (~)	0.956s	10	1.68x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.056s (+2.7%)	1.012s (~)	0.955s	10	1.72x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.117s (+22.2% 🔺)	1.008s (~)	0.890s	10	3.59x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.517s (+8.9% 🔺)	2.279s (+12.8% 🔺)	1.762s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.622s (+16.1% 🔺)	2.511s (+4.4%)	1.889s	10	1.20x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.735s (+19.1% 🔺)	2.500s (+9.5% 🔺)	1.765s	10	1.42x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.095s (-0.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.910s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.101s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.905s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.104s (+2.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.902s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.104s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.902s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.130s (~)	2.012s (~)	0.882s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.133s (~)	2.013s (~)	0.879s	10	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.305s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.703s	10	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.023s (-2.2%)	3.481s (+1.1%)	1.458s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.043s (+1.0%)	3.652s (-2.2%)	1.608s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.047s (~)	3.567s (+5.5% 🔺)	1.520s	10	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.637s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.384s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.681s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.342s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.793s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.231s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	10.794s (+2.7%)	11.025s (~)	0.231s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.821s (-0.7%)	11.045s (~)	0.224s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.863s (~)	11.046s (~)	0.183s	3	1.02x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.213s (~)	13.019s (~)	0.806s	3	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	16.500s (-7.1% 🟢)	17.831s (-8.2% 🟢)	1.331s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	16.702s (-6.1% 🟢)	17.985s (-7.4% 🟢)	1.283s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	16.956s (~)	18.637s (+1.1%)	1.681s	2	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	26.507s (~)	27.049s (~)	0.541s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	26.918s (~)	27.054s (~)	0.136s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	26.944s (~)	27.059s (-2.4%)	0.115s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	26.979s (~)	27.394s (+1.2%)	0.416s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.231s (~)	28.052s (~)	0.821s	3	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	27.274s (+2.9%)	28.054s (+3.7%)	0.780s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.546s (~)	31.050s (~)	0.504s	2	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	42.803s (-5.7% 🟢)	44.882s (-4.1%)	2.079s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	43.404s (-3.2%)	45.032s (-3.0%)	1.628s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	43.429s (-6.6% 🟢)	45.304s (-5.8% 🟢)	1.874s	2	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	53.076s (-0.7%)	53.594s (-0.9%)	0.518s	2	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	53.967s (~)	54.103s (~)	0.136s	2	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	54.032s (~)	54.103s (~)	0.071s	2	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	55.383s (~)	56.103s (~)	0.719s	2	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	56.255s (+0.6%)	57.104s (+1.8%)	0.849s	2	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	56.373s (+3.6%)	57.108s (+3.6%)	0.735s	2	1.06x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	61.138s (~)	62.100s (+1.7%)	0.962s	2	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	92.401s (-3.8%)	93.928s (-3.6%)	1.527s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	97.802s (~)	99.711s (+0.6%)	1.909s	1	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	103.235s (+7.6% 🔺)	104.629s (+6.2% 🔺)	1.394s	1	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.284s (+3.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.722s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.358s (-1.4%)	2.011s (~)	0.653s	15	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.367s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.644s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.393s (-3.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.613s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Express	1.412s (+5.0% 🔺)	2.006s (~)	0.594s	15	1.10x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.416s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.589s	15	1.10x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.137s (~)	3.010s (~)	0.872s	10	1.66x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.436s (+7.3% 🔺)	3.831s (+5.5% 🔺)	1.395s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.006s (+32.6% 🔺)	4.452s (+17.3% 🔺)	1.446s	7	1.23x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.024s (+9.3% 🔺)	4.566s (+8.6% 🔺)	1.542s	7	1.24x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.994s (-4.9%)	2.517s (-8.3% 🟢)	0.523s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.032s (+1.0%)	2.518s (-3.1%)	0.485s	12	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.477s (~)	3.008s (~)	0.531s	10	1.24x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.558s (-5.1% 🟢)	3.007s (~)	0.449s	10	1.28x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.657s (+3.2%)	3.007s (~)	0.350s	10	1.33x
💻 Local	Express	2.675s (+17.4% 🔺)	3.008s (~)	0.332s	10	1.34x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.748s (+1.4%)	5.178s (~)	0.431s	6	2.38x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.582s (+1.3%)	3.982s (-0.8%)	1.400s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.891s (-15.2% 🟢)	4.194s (-9.7% 🟢)	1.302s	8	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.984s (+1.0%)	4.157s (-3.2%)	1.173s	8	1.16x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.313s (-17.7% 🟢)	4.147s (-12.4% 🟢)	0.835s	8	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.033s (-4.3%)	4.581s (-8.6% 🟢)	0.548s	7	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Express	4.219s (+7.9% 🔺)	4.610s (-2.8%)	0.391s	7	1.27x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.265s (-16.3% 🟢)	6.817s (-15.0% 🟢)	0.551s	5	1.89x
💻 Local	Express	7.699s (+18.0% 🔺)	8.021s (+14.3% 🔺)	0.322s	4	2.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.838s (+8.7% 🔺)	8.019s (~)	0.181s	4	2.37x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.977s (~)	10.685s (+3.3%)	0.709s	3	3.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.866s (-3.5%)	4.320s (+2.1%)	1.454s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.924s (-10.3% 🟢)	4.142s (-19.4% 🟢)	1.218s	8	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.947s (-6.7% 🟢)	4.332s (+0.8%)	1.385s	7	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.245s (-0.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.761s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.386s (-1.2%)	2.012s (~)	0.626s	15	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.391s (+1.0%)	2.012s (~)	0.620s	15	1.12x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.395s (-5.9% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.611s	15	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.446s (+0.7%)	2.005s (~)	0.559s	15	1.16x
💻 Local	Express	1.453s (+4.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.553s	15	1.17x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.163s (-0.6%)	3.008s (~)	0.845s	10	1.74x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.103s (-11.1% 🟢)	3.586s (-5.0%)	1.483s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.118s (-11.8% 🟢)	3.500s (-10.1% 🟢)	1.382s	9	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.184s (+5.8% 🔺)	3.554s (+3.5%)	1.370s	9	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.016s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.601s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.585s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.031s (+3.1%)	2.479s (-1.4%)	0.447s	13	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.488s (-1.1%)	3.008s (~)	0.519s	10	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.512s (-8.9% 🟢)	3.008s (~)	0.496s	10	1.25x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.775s (+2.9%)	3.008s (~)	0.234s	10	1.38x
💻 Local	Express	2.809s (+18.5% 🔺)	3.109s (+3.4%)	0.299s	10	1.39x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.730s (+0.5%)	5.176s (~)	0.446s	6	2.35x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.610s (+5.9% 🔺)	3.873s (+2.9%)	1.263s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.848s (+14.1% 🔺)	4.023s (+12.6% 🔺)	1.175s	8	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.916s (+18.3% 🔺)	4.451s (+14.9% 🔺)	1.535s	7	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.834s (-4.1%)	4.315s (-6.2% 🟢)	0.481s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.868s (+4.9%)	4.449s (-3.2%)	0.581s	7	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.992s (~)	4.294s (-3.2%)	0.303s	7	1.04x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.092s (-4.2%)	7.768s (~)	0.676s	4	1.85x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.206s (+4.6%)	9.023s (+9.1% 🔺)	0.818s	4	2.14x
💻 Local	Express	8.588s (+25.5% 🔺)	9.023s (+28.6% 🔺)	0.436s	4	2.24x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.919s (~)	10.350s (~)	0.431s	3	2.59x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.064s (-2.0%)	4.783s (+10.7% 🔺)	1.719s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.275s (+8.9% 🔺)	4.480s (+3.3%)	1.206s	8	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.570s (+16.2% 🔺)	4.867s (+14.7% 🔺)	1.297s	7	1.17x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.145s (-6.9% 🟢)	1.001s (~)	0.011s (-9.1% 🟢)	1.017s (~)	0.872s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.150s (+4.2%)	1.000s (~)	0.002s (+21.4% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.858s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	0.174s (+59.5% 🔺)	1.003s (~)	0.012s (+16.7% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.843s	10	1.20x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.177s (+3.5%)	1.003s (~)	0.012s (+3.6%)	1.017s (~)	0.841s	10	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.189s (-12.6% 🟢)	0.996s (~)	0.001s (~)	1.013s (~)	0.824s	10	1.30x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.204s (~)	0.992s (~)	0.001s (-12.5% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.808s	10	1.41x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.503s (-1.2%)	0.945s (+1.4%)	0.002s (~)	1.010s (~)	0.507s	10	3.47x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.624s (+4.2%)	2.540s (+24.4% 🔺)	0.024s (+344.4% 🔺)	3.148s (+23.1% 🔺)	1.524s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.644s (+5.4% 🔺)	2.422s (+9.9% 🔺)	0.006s (+10.9% 🔺)	2.930s (+7.6% 🔺)	1.286s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.773s (+17.2% 🔺)	2.934s (+32.5% 🔺)	0.006s (-44.0% 🟢)	3.540s (+32.4% 🔺)	1.767s	10	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	11/12
🐘 Postgres	Express	6/12
▲ Vercel	Express	7/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	6/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Redis	8/12
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	6/12

Column Definitions

Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run

Copilot

Pull request overview

Fixes initial workflow input encryption in start() when invoked outside the Vercel serverless runtime by ensuring getEncryptionKeyForRun(runId, context) receives the resolveddeploymentId (including cases where it’s inferred via world.getDeploymentId()).

Changes:

Pass resolved deploymentId into the context object provided to world.getEncryptionKeyForRun() in start().
Add tests asserting getEncryptionKeyForRun receives the resolved deploymentId both when inferred and when explicitly provided.
Add a changeset for a @workflow/core patch release.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 3 out of 3 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

File	Description
packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts	Forwards resolved `deploymentId` to `getEncryptionKeyForRun` so encryption key resolution works in external contexts.
packages/core/src/runtime/start.test.ts	Adds regression tests to ensure `deploymentId` is present in the key-resolution context.
.changeset/fix-start-encryption-deploymentid.md	Documents the bugfix and bumps `@workflow/core` with a patch changeset.

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karthikscale3

looks good to me

…ignal * origin/main: (26 commits) Fix flaky streamer test ENOENT when chunks directory does not exist yet (#1330) Version Packages (beta) (#1325) [web-shared] Improve workflow observability event list UX (#1337) feat: add `exists` getter to `Run` class (#1336) Support client-side tools in DurableAgent (#1329) [world-postgres] [world-local] Execute Graphile jobs directly instead of defering to world-local queue (#1334) Merge CLAUDE.md into AGENTS.md and symlink CLAUDE.md (#1326) [web] Polish loading indicators (#1327) Fix flaky webhookWorkflow e2e test by polling instead of fixed sleep (#1328) feat: support `deploymentId: 'latest'` in `start()` to resolve most recent deployment (#1317) Fix bug where the SWC compiler bug prunes step-only imports in the client-mode transformation [web] [world-vercel] Ensure user-passed run IDs are URL encoded and call out self-hosted security (#1322) Version Packages (beta) (#1306) Remove hard-coded VERCEL_DEPLOYMENT_KEY from nextjs-turbopack workbench (#1319) fix(web): move react-router deps to devDependencies (#1265) fix(ai): use workspace:* for workflow peer dependency (#1320) fix(core): pass resolved deploymentId to getEncryptionKeyForRun in start() (#1318) fix: surface 429 rate-limit errors in e2e tests and CLI (#1309) fix(world-local): return HTTP 200 instead of 503 for queue timeout re-enqueue signals (#1307) [web-shared] [cli] Refactor observability data fetching (#1261) ... # Conflicts: # packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts # packages/web-shared/src/components/sidebar/attribute-panel.tsx # workbench/example/workflows/99_e2e.ts

TooTallNate · 2026-03-10T22:48:28Z

Summary

Fix: start() was not encrypting the initial workflow input when called from external contexts (e2e test runners, CLI) because it passed the raw user-provided opts to getEncryptionKeyForRun instead of including the resolved deploymentId.
The deploymentId was correctly resolved from world.getDeploymentId() on line 108, but never forwarded into the context object on line 127, so getEncryptionKeyForRun received undefined and silently skipped encryption.
Step inputs/outputs were encrypted correctly because they execute inside the Vercel Function where the local HKDF path (VERCEL=1 + VERCEL_DEPLOYMENT_KEY) is used instead.

Changes

packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts: Include the resolved deploymentId in the context passed to getEncryptionKeyForRun
packages/core/src/runtime/start.test.ts: Add test cases verifying getEncryptionKeyForRun receives the resolved deploymentId both when inferred from the environment and when explicitly provided
Changeset: @workflow/core patch

…art() The start() function resolved deploymentId from world.getDeploymentId() but then passed the original opts (without the resolved value) to getEncryptionKeyForRun. In external contexts (e2e tests, CLI) where deploymentId is inferred from the environment rather than explicitly provided, this caused getEncryptionKeyForRun to receive undefined deploymentId and silently skip encryption for the initial workflow input.

vercel · 2026-03-10T22:48:29Z

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workflow-nest	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm

changeset-bot · 2026-03-10T22:48:33Z

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: f1ce686

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 15 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

github-actions · 2026-03-10T22:48:37Z

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	571	0	67	638
✅ 💻 Local Development	612	0	84	696
✅ 📦 Local Production	612	0	84	696
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	612	0	84	696
✅ 🪟 Windows	55	0	3	58
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	118	56	15	189
✅ 📋 Other	147	0	27	174
Total	2727	56	364	3147

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (56 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
webhookWorkflow
concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

redis (2 failed):

hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

turso (51 failed):

addTenWorkflow
addTenWorkflow
wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent)
should work with react rendering in step
promiseAllWorkflow
promiseRaceWorkflow
promiseAnyWorkflow
importedStepOnlyWorkflow
hookWorkflow
hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
webhookWorkflow
sleepingWorkflow
parallelSleepWorkflow
nullByteWorkflow
workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
fetchWorkflow
promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
error handling retry behavior workflow completes despite transient 5xx on step_completed
error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running
stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep
sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control)

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro	51	7
✅ example	51	7
✅ express	51	7
✅ fastify	51	7
✅ hono	51	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	56	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	56	2
✅ nitro	51	7
✅ nuxt	51	7
✅ sveltekit	51	7
✅ vite	51	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	9
✅ express-stable	49	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	9
✅ hono-stable	49	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	9
✅ vite-stable	49	9

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	9
✅ express-stable	49	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	9
✅ hono-stable	49	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	9
✅ vite-stable	49	9

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	9
✅ express-stable	49	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	9
✅ hono-stable	49	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	9
✅ vite-stable	49	9

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	55	0	3

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	2
❌ mongodb	52	3	3
✅ redis-dev	3	0	2
❌ redis	53	2	3
✅ turso-dev	3	0	2
❌ turso	4	51	3

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	49	9
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	49	9
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	49	9

📋 View full workflow run

github-actions · 2026-03-10T22:48:37Z

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.033s (+17.2% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.973s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.033s (+0.6%)	1.005s (~)	0.972s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.042s (-4.7%)	1.005s (~)	0.963s	10	1.30x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.044s (+17.7% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.962s	10	1.36x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.055s (~)	1.011s (~)	0.956s	10	1.68x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.056s (+2.7%)	1.012s (~)	0.955s	10	1.72x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.117s (+22.2% 🔺)	1.008s (~)	0.890s	10	3.59x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.517s (+8.9% 🔺)	2.279s (+12.8% 🔺)	1.762s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.622s (+16.1% 🔺)	2.511s (+4.4%)	1.889s	10	1.20x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.735s (+19.1% 🔺)	2.500s (+9.5% 🔺)	1.765s	10	1.42x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.095s (-0.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.910s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.101s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.905s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.104s (+2.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.902s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.104s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.902s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.130s (~)	2.012s (~)	0.882s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.133s (~)	2.013s (~)	0.879s	10	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.305s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.703s	10	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.023s (-2.2%)	3.481s (+1.1%)	1.458s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.043s (+1.0%)	3.652s (-2.2%)	1.608s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.047s (~)	3.567s (+5.5% 🔺)	1.520s	10	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.637s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.384s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.681s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.342s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.793s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.231s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	10.794s (+2.7%)	11.025s (~)	0.231s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.821s (-0.7%)	11.045s (~)	0.224s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.863s (~)	11.046s (~)	0.183s	3	1.02x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.213s (~)	13.019s (~)	0.806s	3	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	16.500s (-7.1% 🟢)	17.831s (-8.2% 🟢)	1.331s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	16.702s (-6.1% 🟢)	17.985s (-7.4% 🟢)	1.283s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	16.956s (~)	18.637s (+1.1%)	1.681s	2	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	26.507s (~)	27.049s (~)	0.541s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	26.918s (~)	27.054s (~)	0.136s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	26.944s (~)	27.059s (-2.4%)	0.115s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	26.979s (~)	27.394s (+1.2%)	0.416s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.231s (~)	28.052s (~)	0.821s	3	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	27.274s (+2.9%)	28.054s (+3.7%)	0.780s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.546s (~)	31.050s (~)	0.504s	2	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	42.803s (-5.7% 🟢)	44.882s (-4.1%)	2.079s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	43.404s (-3.2%)	45.032s (-3.0%)	1.628s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	43.429s (-6.6% 🟢)	45.304s (-5.8% 🟢)	1.874s	2	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	53.076s (-0.7%)	53.594s (-0.9%)	0.518s	2	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	53.967s (~)	54.103s (~)	0.136s	2	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	54.032s (~)	54.103s (~)	0.071s	2	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	55.383s (~)	56.103s (~)	0.719s	2	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	56.255s (+0.6%)	57.104s (+1.8%)	0.849s	2	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	56.373s (+3.6%)	57.108s (+3.6%)	0.735s	2	1.06x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	61.138s (~)	62.100s (+1.7%)	0.962s	2	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	92.401s (-3.8%)	93.928s (-3.6%)	1.527s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	97.802s (~)	99.711s (+0.6%)	1.909s	1	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	103.235s (+7.6% 🔺)	104.629s (+6.2% 🔺)	1.394s	1	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.284s (+3.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.722s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.358s (-1.4%)	2.011s (~)	0.653s	15	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.367s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.644s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.393s (-3.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.613s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Express	1.412s (+5.0% 🔺)	2.006s (~)	0.594s	15	1.10x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.416s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.589s	15	1.10x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.137s (~)	3.010s (~)	0.872s	10	1.66x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.436s (+7.3% 🔺)	3.831s (+5.5% 🔺)	1.395s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.006s (+32.6% 🔺)	4.452s (+17.3% 🔺)	1.446s	7	1.23x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.024s (+9.3% 🔺)	4.566s (+8.6% 🔺)	1.542s	7	1.24x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.994s (-4.9%)	2.517s (-8.3% 🟢)	0.523s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.032s (+1.0%)	2.518s (-3.1%)	0.485s	12	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.477s (~)	3.008s (~)	0.531s	10	1.24x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.558s (-5.1% 🟢)	3.007s (~)	0.449s	10	1.28x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.657s (+3.2%)	3.007s (~)	0.350s	10	1.33x
💻 Local	Express	2.675s (+17.4% 🔺)	3.008s (~)	0.332s	10	1.34x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.748s (+1.4%)	5.178s (~)	0.431s	6	2.38x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.582s (+1.3%)	3.982s (-0.8%)	1.400s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.891s (-15.2% 🟢)	4.194s (-9.7% 🟢)	1.302s	8	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.984s (+1.0%)	4.157s (-3.2%)	1.173s	8	1.16x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.313s (-17.7% 🟢)	4.147s (-12.4% 🟢)	0.835s	8	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.033s (-4.3%)	4.581s (-8.6% 🟢)	0.548s	7	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Express	4.219s (+7.9% 🔺)	4.610s (-2.8%)	0.391s	7	1.27x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.265s (-16.3% 🟢)	6.817s (-15.0% 🟢)	0.551s	5	1.89x
💻 Local	Express	7.699s (+18.0% 🔺)	8.021s (+14.3% 🔺)	0.322s	4	2.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.838s (+8.7% 🔺)	8.019s (~)	0.181s	4	2.37x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.977s (~)	10.685s (+3.3%)	0.709s	3	3.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.866s (-3.5%)	4.320s (+2.1%)	1.454s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.924s (-10.3% 🟢)	4.142s (-19.4% 🟢)	1.218s	8	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.947s (-6.7% 🟢)	4.332s (+0.8%)	1.385s	7	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.245s (-0.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.761s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.386s (-1.2%)	2.012s (~)	0.626s	15	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.391s (+1.0%)	2.012s (~)	0.620s	15	1.12x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.395s (-5.9% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.611s	15	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.446s (+0.7%)	2.005s (~)	0.559s	15	1.16x
💻 Local	Express	1.453s (+4.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.553s	15	1.17x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.163s (-0.6%)	3.008s (~)	0.845s	10	1.74x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.103s (-11.1% 🟢)	3.586s (-5.0%)	1.483s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.118s (-11.8% 🟢)	3.500s (-10.1% 🟢)	1.382s	9	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.184s (+5.8% 🔺)	3.554s (+3.5%)	1.370s	9	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.016s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.601s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.585s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.031s (+3.1%)	2.479s (-1.4%)	0.447s	13	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.488s (-1.1%)	3.008s (~)	0.519s	10	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.512s (-8.9% 🟢)	3.008s (~)	0.496s	10	1.25x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.775s (+2.9%)	3.008s (~)	0.234s	10	1.38x
💻 Local	Express	2.809s (+18.5% 🔺)	3.109s (+3.4%)	0.299s	10	1.39x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.730s (+0.5%)	5.176s (~)	0.446s	6	2.35x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.610s (+5.9% 🔺)	3.873s (+2.9%)	1.263s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.848s (+14.1% 🔺)	4.023s (+12.6% 🔺)	1.175s	8	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.916s (+18.3% 🔺)	4.451s (+14.9% 🔺)	1.535s	7	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.834s (-4.1%)	4.315s (-6.2% 🟢)	0.481s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.868s (+4.9%)	4.449s (-3.2%)	0.581s	7	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.992s (~)	4.294s (-3.2%)	0.303s	7	1.04x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.092s (-4.2%)	7.768s (~)	0.676s	4	1.85x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.206s (+4.6%)	9.023s (+9.1% 🔺)	0.818s	4	2.14x
💻 Local	Express	8.588s (+25.5% 🔺)	9.023s (+28.6% 🔺)	0.436s	4	2.24x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.919s (~)	10.350s (~)	0.431s	3	2.59x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.064s (-2.0%)	4.783s (+10.7% 🔺)	1.719s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.275s (+8.9% 🔺)	4.480s (+3.3%)	1.206s	8	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.570s (+16.2% 🔺)	4.867s (+14.7% 🔺)	1.297s	7	1.17x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.145s (-6.9% 🟢)	1.001s (~)	0.011s (-9.1% 🟢)	1.017s (~)	0.872s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.150s (+4.2%)	1.000s (~)	0.002s (+21.4% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.858s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	0.174s (+59.5% 🔺)	1.003s (~)	0.012s (+16.7% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.843s	10	1.20x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.177s (+3.5%)	1.003s (~)	0.012s (+3.6%)	1.017s (~)	0.841s	10	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.189s (-12.6% 🟢)	0.996s (~)	0.001s (~)	1.013s (~)	0.824s	10	1.30x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.204s (~)	0.992s (~)	0.001s (-12.5% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.808s	10	1.41x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.503s (-1.2%)	0.945s (+1.4%)	0.002s (~)	1.010s (~)	0.507s	10	3.47x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.624s (+4.2%)	2.540s (+24.4% 🔺)	0.024s (+344.4% 🔺)	3.148s (+23.1% 🔺)	1.524s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.644s (+5.4% 🔺)	2.422s (+9.9% 🔺)	0.006s (+10.9% 🔺)	2.930s (+7.6% 🔺)	1.286s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.773s (+17.2% 🔺)	2.934s (+32.5% 🔺)	0.006s (-44.0% 🟢)	3.540s (+32.4% 🔺)	1.767s	10	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	11/12
🐘 Postgres	Express	6/12
▲ Vercel	Express	7/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	6/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Redis	8/12
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	6/12

Column Definitions

Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run

Copilot

Pull request overview

Fixes initial workflow input encryption in start() when invoked outside the Vercel serverless runtime by ensuring getEncryptionKeyForRun(runId, context) receives the resolveddeploymentId (including cases where it’s inferred via world.getDeploymentId()).

Changes:

Pass resolved deploymentId into the context object provided to world.getEncryptionKeyForRun() in start().
Add tests asserting getEncryptionKeyForRun receives the resolved deploymentId both when inferred and when explicitly provided.
Add a changeset for a @workflow/core patch release.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 3 out of 3 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

File	Description
packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts	Forwards resolved `deploymentId` to `getEncryptionKeyForRun` so encryption key resolution works in external contexts.
packages/core/src/runtime/start.test.ts	Adds regression tests to ensure `deploymentId` is present in the key-resolution context.
.changeset/fix-start-encryption-deploymentid.md	Documents the bugfix and bumps `@workflow/core` with a patch changeset.

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karthikscale3

looks good to me

…ignal * origin/main: (26 commits) Fix flaky streamer test ENOENT when chunks directory does not exist yet (#1330) Version Packages (beta) (#1325) [web-shared] Improve workflow observability event list UX (#1337) feat: add `exists` getter to `Run` class (#1336) Support client-side tools in DurableAgent (#1329) [world-postgres] [world-local] Execute Graphile jobs directly instead of defering to world-local queue (#1334) Merge CLAUDE.md into AGENTS.md and symlink CLAUDE.md (#1326) [web] Polish loading indicators (#1327) Fix flaky webhookWorkflow e2e test by polling instead of fixed sleep (#1328) feat: support `deploymentId: 'latest'` in `start()` to resolve most recent deployment (#1317) Fix bug where the SWC compiler bug prunes step-only imports in the client-mode transformation [web] [world-vercel] Ensure user-passed run IDs are URL encoded and call out self-hosted security (#1322) Version Packages (beta) (#1306) Remove hard-coded VERCEL_DEPLOYMENT_KEY from nextjs-turbopack workbench (#1319) fix(web): move react-router deps to devDependencies (#1265) fix(ai): use workspace:* for workflow peer dependency (#1320) fix(core): pass resolved deploymentId to getEncryptionKeyForRun in start() (#1318) fix: surface 429 rate-limit errors in e2e tests and CLI (#1309) fix(world-local): return HTTP 200 instead of 503 for queue timeout re-enqueue signals (#1307) [web-shared] [cli] Refactor observability data fetching (#1261) ... # Conflicts: # packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts # packages/web-shared/src/components/sidebar/attribute-panel.tsx # workbench/example/workflows/99_e2e.ts

TooTallNate · 2026-03-10T22:48:28Z

Summary

Fix: start() was not encrypting the initial workflow input when called from external contexts (e2e test runners, CLI) because it passed the raw user-provided opts to getEncryptionKeyForRun instead of including the resolved deploymentId.
The deploymentId was correctly resolved from world.getDeploymentId() on line 108, but never forwarded into the context object on line 127, so getEncryptionKeyForRun received undefined and silently skipped encryption.
Step inputs/outputs were encrypted correctly because they execute inside the Vercel Function where the local HKDF path (VERCEL=1 + VERCEL_DEPLOYMENT_KEY) is used instead.

Changes

packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts: Include the resolved deploymentId in the context passed to getEncryptionKeyForRun
packages/core/src/runtime/start.test.ts: Add test cases verifying getEncryptionKeyForRun receives the resolved deploymentId both when inferred from the environment and when explicitly provided
Changeset: @workflow/core patch

…art() The start() function resolved deploymentId from world.getDeploymentId() but then passed the original opts (without the resolved value) to getEncryptionKeyForRun. In external contexts (e2e tests, CLI) where deploymentId is inferred from the environment rather than explicitly provided, this caused getEncryptionKeyForRun to receive undefined deploymentId and silently skip encryption for the initial workflow input.

vercel · 2026-03-10T22:48:29Z

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workflow-nest	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm

changeset-bot · 2026-03-10T22:48:33Z

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: f1ce686

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 15 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

github-actions · 2026-03-10T22:48:37Z

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	571	0	67	638
✅ 💻 Local Development	612	0	84	696
✅ 📦 Local Production	612	0	84	696
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	612	0	84	696
✅ 🪟 Windows	55	0	3	58
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	118	56	15	189
✅ 📋 Other	147	0	27	174
Total	2727	56	364	3147

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (56 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
webhookWorkflow
concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

redis (2 failed):

hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

turso (51 failed):

addTenWorkflow
addTenWorkflow
wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent)
should work with react rendering in step
promiseAllWorkflow
promiseRaceWorkflow
promiseAnyWorkflow
importedStepOnlyWorkflow
hookWorkflow
hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
webhookWorkflow
sleepingWorkflow
parallelSleepWorkflow
nullByteWorkflow
workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
fetchWorkflow
promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
error handling retry behavior workflow completes despite transient 5xx on step_completed
error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running
stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep
sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control)

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro	51	7
✅ example	51	7
✅ express	51	7
✅ fastify	51	7
✅ hono	51	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	56	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	56	2
✅ nitro	51	7
✅ nuxt	51	7
✅ sveltekit	51	7
✅ vite	51	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	9
✅ express-stable	49	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	9
✅ hono-stable	49	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	9
✅ vite-stable	49	9

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	9
✅ express-stable	49	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	9
✅ hono-stable	49	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	9
✅ vite-stable	49	9

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	9
✅ express-stable	49	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	9
✅ hono-stable	49	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	9
✅ vite-stable	49	9

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	55	0	3

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	2
❌ mongodb	52	3	3
✅ redis-dev	3	0	2
❌ redis	53	2	3
✅ turso-dev	3	0	2
❌ turso	4	51	3

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	49	9
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	49	9
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	49	9

📋 View full workflow run

github-actions · 2026-03-10T22:48:37Z

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.033s (+17.2% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.973s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.033s (+0.6%)	1.005s (~)	0.972s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.042s (-4.7%)	1.005s (~)	0.963s	10	1.30x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.044s (+17.7% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.962s	10	1.36x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.055s (~)	1.011s (~)	0.956s	10	1.68x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.056s (+2.7%)	1.012s (~)	0.955s	10	1.72x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.117s (+22.2% 🔺)	1.008s (~)	0.890s	10	3.59x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.517s (+8.9% 🔺)	2.279s (+12.8% 🔺)	1.762s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.622s (+16.1% 🔺)	2.511s (+4.4%)	1.889s	10	1.20x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.735s (+19.1% 🔺)	2.500s (+9.5% 🔺)	1.765s	10	1.42x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.095s (-0.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.910s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.101s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.905s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.104s (+2.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.902s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.104s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.902s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.130s (~)	2.012s (~)	0.882s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.133s (~)	2.013s (~)	0.879s	10	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.305s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.703s	10	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.023s (-2.2%)	3.481s (+1.1%)	1.458s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.043s (+1.0%)	3.652s (-2.2%)	1.608s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.047s (~)	3.567s (+5.5% 🔺)	1.520s	10	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.637s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.384s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.681s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.342s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.793s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.231s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	10.794s (+2.7%)	11.025s (~)	0.231s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.821s (-0.7%)	11.045s (~)	0.224s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.863s (~)	11.046s (~)	0.183s	3	1.02x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.213s (~)	13.019s (~)	0.806s	3	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	16.500s (-7.1% 🟢)	17.831s (-8.2% 🟢)	1.331s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	16.702s (-6.1% 🟢)	17.985s (-7.4% 🟢)	1.283s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	16.956s (~)	18.637s (+1.1%)	1.681s	2	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	26.507s (~)	27.049s (~)	0.541s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	26.918s (~)	27.054s (~)	0.136s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	26.944s (~)	27.059s (-2.4%)	0.115s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	26.979s (~)	27.394s (+1.2%)	0.416s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.231s (~)	28.052s (~)	0.821s	3	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	27.274s (+2.9%)	28.054s (+3.7%)	0.780s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.546s (~)	31.050s (~)	0.504s	2	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	42.803s (-5.7% 🟢)	44.882s (-4.1%)	2.079s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	43.404s (-3.2%)	45.032s (-3.0%)	1.628s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	43.429s (-6.6% 🟢)	45.304s (-5.8% 🟢)	1.874s	2	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	53.076s (-0.7%)	53.594s (-0.9%)	0.518s	2	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	53.967s (~)	54.103s (~)	0.136s	2	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	54.032s (~)	54.103s (~)	0.071s	2	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	55.383s (~)	56.103s (~)	0.719s	2	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	56.255s (+0.6%)	57.104s (+1.8%)	0.849s	2	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	56.373s (+3.6%)	57.108s (+3.6%)	0.735s	2	1.06x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	61.138s (~)	62.100s (+1.7%)	0.962s	2	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	92.401s (-3.8%)	93.928s (-3.6%)	1.527s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	97.802s (~)	99.711s (+0.6%)	1.909s	1	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	103.235s (+7.6% 🔺)	104.629s (+6.2% 🔺)	1.394s	1	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.284s (+3.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.722s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.358s (-1.4%)	2.011s (~)	0.653s	15	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.367s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.644s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.393s (-3.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.613s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Express	1.412s (+5.0% 🔺)	2.006s (~)	0.594s	15	1.10x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.416s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.589s	15	1.10x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.137s (~)	3.010s (~)	0.872s	10	1.66x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.436s (+7.3% 🔺)	3.831s (+5.5% 🔺)	1.395s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.006s (+32.6% 🔺)	4.452s (+17.3% 🔺)	1.446s	7	1.23x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.024s (+9.3% 🔺)	4.566s (+8.6% 🔺)	1.542s	7	1.24x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.994s (-4.9%)	2.517s (-8.3% 🟢)	0.523s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.032s (+1.0%)	2.518s (-3.1%)	0.485s	12	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.477s (~)	3.008s (~)	0.531s	10	1.24x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.558s (-5.1% 🟢)	3.007s (~)	0.449s	10	1.28x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.657s (+3.2%)	3.007s (~)	0.350s	10	1.33x
💻 Local	Express	2.675s (+17.4% 🔺)	3.008s (~)	0.332s	10	1.34x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.748s (+1.4%)	5.178s (~)	0.431s	6	2.38x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.582s (+1.3%)	3.982s (-0.8%)	1.400s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.891s (-15.2% 🟢)	4.194s (-9.7% 🟢)	1.302s	8	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.984s (+1.0%)	4.157s (-3.2%)	1.173s	8	1.16x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.313s (-17.7% 🟢)	4.147s (-12.4% 🟢)	0.835s	8	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.033s (-4.3%)	4.581s (-8.6% 🟢)	0.548s	7	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Express	4.219s (+7.9% 🔺)	4.610s (-2.8%)	0.391s	7	1.27x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.265s (-16.3% 🟢)	6.817s (-15.0% 🟢)	0.551s	5	1.89x
💻 Local	Express	7.699s (+18.0% 🔺)	8.021s (+14.3% 🔺)	0.322s	4	2.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.838s (+8.7% 🔺)	8.019s (~)	0.181s	4	2.37x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.977s (~)	10.685s (+3.3%)	0.709s	3	3.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.866s (-3.5%)	4.320s (+2.1%)	1.454s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.924s (-10.3% 🟢)	4.142s (-19.4% 🟢)	1.218s	8	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.947s (-6.7% 🟢)	4.332s (+0.8%)	1.385s	7	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.245s (-0.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.761s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.386s (-1.2%)	2.012s (~)	0.626s	15	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.391s (+1.0%)	2.012s (~)	0.620s	15	1.12x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.395s (-5.9% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.611s	15	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.446s (+0.7%)	2.005s (~)	0.559s	15	1.16x
💻 Local	Express	1.453s (+4.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.553s	15	1.17x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.163s (-0.6%)	3.008s (~)	0.845s	10	1.74x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.103s (-11.1% 🟢)	3.586s (-5.0%)	1.483s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.118s (-11.8% 🟢)	3.500s (-10.1% 🟢)	1.382s	9	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.184s (+5.8% 🔺)	3.554s (+3.5%)	1.370s	9	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.016s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.601s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.585s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.031s (+3.1%)	2.479s (-1.4%)	0.447s	13	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.488s (-1.1%)	3.008s (~)	0.519s	10	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.512s (-8.9% 🟢)	3.008s (~)	0.496s	10	1.25x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.775s (+2.9%)	3.008s (~)	0.234s	10	1.38x
💻 Local	Express	2.809s (+18.5% 🔺)	3.109s (+3.4%)	0.299s	10	1.39x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.730s (+0.5%)	5.176s (~)	0.446s	6	2.35x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.610s (+5.9% 🔺)	3.873s (+2.9%)	1.263s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.848s (+14.1% 🔺)	4.023s (+12.6% 🔺)	1.175s	8	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.916s (+18.3% 🔺)	4.451s (+14.9% 🔺)	1.535s	7	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.834s (-4.1%)	4.315s (-6.2% 🟢)	0.481s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.868s (+4.9%)	4.449s (-3.2%)	0.581s	7	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.992s (~)	4.294s (-3.2%)	0.303s	7	1.04x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.092s (-4.2%)	7.768s (~)	0.676s	4	1.85x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.206s (+4.6%)	9.023s (+9.1% 🔺)	0.818s	4	2.14x
💻 Local	Express	8.588s (+25.5% 🔺)	9.023s (+28.6% 🔺)	0.436s	4	2.24x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.919s (~)	10.350s (~)	0.431s	3	2.59x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.064s (-2.0%)	4.783s (+10.7% 🔺)	1.719s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.275s (+8.9% 🔺)	4.480s (+3.3%)	1.206s	8	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.570s (+16.2% 🔺)	4.867s (+14.7% 🔺)	1.297s	7	1.17x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.145s (-6.9% 🟢)	1.001s (~)	0.011s (-9.1% 🟢)	1.017s (~)	0.872s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.150s (+4.2%)	1.000s (~)	0.002s (+21.4% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.858s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	0.174s (+59.5% 🔺)	1.003s (~)	0.012s (+16.7% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.843s	10	1.20x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.177s (+3.5%)	1.003s (~)	0.012s (+3.6%)	1.017s (~)	0.841s	10	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.189s (-12.6% 🟢)	0.996s (~)	0.001s (~)	1.013s (~)	0.824s	10	1.30x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.204s (~)	0.992s (~)	0.001s (-12.5% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.808s	10	1.41x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.503s (-1.2%)	0.945s (+1.4%)	0.002s (~)	1.010s (~)	0.507s	10	3.47x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.624s (+4.2%)	2.540s (+24.4% 🔺)	0.024s (+344.4% 🔺)	3.148s (+23.1% 🔺)	1.524s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.644s (+5.4% 🔺)	2.422s (+9.9% 🔺)	0.006s (+10.9% 🔺)	2.930s (+7.6% 🔺)	1.286s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.773s (+17.2% 🔺)	2.934s (+32.5% 🔺)	0.006s (-44.0% 🟢)	3.540s (+32.4% 🔺)	1.767s	10	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	11/12
🐘 Postgres	Express	6/12
▲ Vercel	Express	7/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	6/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Redis	8/12
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	6/12

Column Definitions

Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run

Copilot

Pull request overview

Fixes initial workflow input encryption in start() when invoked outside the Vercel serverless runtime by ensuring getEncryptionKeyForRun(runId, context) receives the resolveddeploymentId (including cases where it’s inferred via world.getDeploymentId()).

Changes:

Pass resolved deploymentId into the context object provided to world.getEncryptionKeyForRun() in start().
Add tests asserting getEncryptionKeyForRun receives the resolved deploymentId both when inferred and when explicitly provided.
Add a changeset for a @workflow/core patch release.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 3 out of 3 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

File	Description
packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts	Forwards resolved `deploymentId` to `getEncryptionKeyForRun` so encryption key resolution works in external contexts.
packages/core/src/runtime/start.test.ts	Adds regression tests to ensure `deploymentId` is present in the key-resolution context.
.changeset/fix-start-encryption-deploymentid.md	Documents the bugfix and bumps `@workflow/core` with a patch changeset.

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karthikscale3

looks good to me

…ignal * origin/main: (26 commits) Fix flaky streamer test ENOENT when chunks directory does not exist yet (#1330) Version Packages (beta) (#1325) [web-shared] Improve workflow observability event list UX (#1337) feat: add `exists` getter to `Run` class (#1336) Support client-side tools in DurableAgent (#1329) [world-postgres] [world-local] Execute Graphile jobs directly instead of defering to world-local queue (#1334) Merge CLAUDE.md into AGENTS.md and symlink CLAUDE.md (#1326) [web] Polish loading indicators (#1327) Fix flaky webhookWorkflow e2e test by polling instead of fixed sleep (#1328) feat: support `deploymentId: 'latest'` in `start()` to resolve most recent deployment (#1317) Fix bug where the SWC compiler bug prunes step-only imports in the client-mode transformation [web] [world-vercel] Ensure user-passed run IDs are URL encoded and call out self-hosted security (#1322) Version Packages (beta) (#1306) Remove hard-coded VERCEL_DEPLOYMENT_KEY from nextjs-turbopack workbench (#1319) fix(web): move react-router deps to devDependencies (#1265) fix(ai): use workspace:* for workflow peer dependency (#1320) fix(core): pass resolved deploymentId to getEncryptionKeyForRun in start() (#1318) fix: surface 429 rate-limit errors in e2e tests and CLI (#1309) fix(world-local): return HTTP 200 instead of 503 for queue timeout re-enqueue signals (#1307) [web-shared] [cli] Refactor observability data fetching (#1261) ... # Conflicts: # packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts # packages/web-shared/src/components/sidebar/attribute-panel.tsx # workbench/example/workflows/99_e2e.ts

TooTallNate · 2026-03-10T22:48:28Z

Summary

Fix: start() was not encrypting the initial workflow input when called from external contexts (e2e test runners, CLI) because it passed the raw user-provided opts to getEncryptionKeyForRun instead of including the resolved deploymentId.
The deploymentId was correctly resolved from world.getDeploymentId() on line 108, but never forwarded into the context object on line 127, so getEncryptionKeyForRun received undefined and silently skipped encryption.
Step inputs/outputs were encrypted correctly because they execute inside the Vercel Function where the local HKDF path (VERCEL=1 + VERCEL_DEPLOYMENT_KEY) is used instead.

Changes

packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts: Include the resolved deploymentId in the context passed to getEncryptionKeyForRun
packages/core/src/runtime/start.test.ts: Add test cases verifying getEncryptionKeyForRun receives the resolved deploymentId both when inferred from the environment and when explicitly provided
Changeset: @workflow/core patch

…art() The start() function resolved deploymentId from world.getDeploymentId() but then passed the original opts (without the resolved value) to getEncryptionKeyForRun. In external contexts (e2e tests, CLI) where deploymentId is inferred from the environment rather than explicitly provided, this caused getEncryptionKeyForRun to receive undefined deploymentId and silently skip encryption for the initial workflow input.

vercel · 2026-03-10T22:48:29Z

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workflow-nest	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm

changeset-bot · 2026-03-10T22:48:33Z

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: f1ce686

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 15 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

github-actions · 2026-03-10T22:48:37Z

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	571	0	67	638
✅ 💻 Local Development	612	0	84	696
✅ 📦 Local Production	612	0	84	696
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	612	0	84	696
✅ 🪟 Windows	55	0	3	58
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	118	56	15	189
✅ 📋 Other	147	0	27	174
Total	2727	56	364	3147

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (56 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
webhookWorkflow
concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

redis (2 failed):

hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

turso (51 failed):

addTenWorkflow
addTenWorkflow
wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent)
should work with react rendering in step
promiseAllWorkflow
promiseRaceWorkflow
promiseAnyWorkflow
importedStepOnlyWorkflow
hookWorkflow
hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
webhookWorkflow
sleepingWorkflow
parallelSleepWorkflow
nullByteWorkflow
workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
fetchWorkflow
promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
error handling retry behavior workflow completes despite transient 5xx on step_completed
error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running
stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep
sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control)

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro	51	7
✅ example	51	7
✅ express	51	7
✅ fastify	51	7
✅ hono	51	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	56	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	56	2
✅ nitro	51	7
✅ nuxt	51	7
✅ sveltekit	51	7
✅ vite	51	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	9
✅ express-stable	49	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	9
✅ hono-stable	49	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	9
✅ vite-stable	49	9

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	9
✅ express-stable	49	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	9
✅ hono-stable	49	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	9
✅ vite-stable	49	9

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	9
✅ express-stable	49	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	9
✅ hono-stable	49	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	9
✅ vite-stable	49	9

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	55	0	3

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	2
❌ mongodb	52	3	3
✅ redis-dev	3	0	2
❌ redis	53	2	3
✅ turso-dev	3	0	2
❌ turso	4	51	3

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	49	9
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	49	9
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	49	9

📋 View full workflow run

github-actions · 2026-03-10T22:48:37Z

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.033s (+17.2% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.973s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.033s (+0.6%)	1.005s (~)	0.972s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.042s (-4.7%)	1.005s (~)	0.963s	10	1.30x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.044s (+17.7% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.962s	10	1.36x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.055s (~)	1.011s (~)	0.956s	10	1.68x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.056s (+2.7%)	1.012s (~)	0.955s	10	1.72x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.117s (+22.2% 🔺)	1.008s (~)	0.890s	10	3.59x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.517s (+8.9% 🔺)	2.279s (+12.8% 🔺)	1.762s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.622s (+16.1% 🔺)	2.511s (+4.4%)	1.889s	10	1.20x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.735s (+19.1% 🔺)	2.500s (+9.5% 🔺)	1.765s	10	1.42x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.095s (-0.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.910s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.101s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.905s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.104s (+2.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.902s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.104s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.902s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.130s (~)	2.012s (~)	0.882s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.133s (~)	2.013s (~)	0.879s	10	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.305s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.703s	10	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.023s (-2.2%)	3.481s (+1.1%)	1.458s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.043s (+1.0%)	3.652s (-2.2%)	1.608s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.047s (~)	3.567s (+5.5% 🔺)	1.520s	10	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.637s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.384s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.681s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.342s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.793s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.231s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	10.794s (+2.7%)	11.025s (~)	0.231s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.821s (-0.7%)	11.045s (~)	0.224s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.863s (~)	11.046s (~)	0.183s	3	1.02x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.213s (~)	13.019s (~)	0.806s	3	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	16.500s (-7.1% 🟢)	17.831s (-8.2% 🟢)	1.331s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	16.702s (-6.1% 🟢)	17.985s (-7.4% 🟢)	1.283s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	16.956s (~)	18.637s (+1.1%)	1.681s	2	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	26.507s (~)	27.049s (~)	0.541s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	26.918s (~)	27.054s (~)	0.136s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	26.944s (~)	27.059s (-2.4%)	0.115s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	26.979s (~)	27.394s (+1.2%)	0.416s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.231s (~)	28.052s (~)	0.821s	3	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	27.274s (+2.9%)	28.054s (+3.7%)	0.780s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.546s (~)	31.050s (~)	0.504s	2	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	42.803s (-5.7% 🟢)	44.882s (-4.1%)	2.079s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	43.404s (-3.2%)	45.032s (-3.0%)	1.628s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	43.429s (-6.6% 🟢)	45.304s (-5.8% 🟢)	1.874s	2	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	53.076s (-0.7%)	53.594s (-0.9%)	0.518s	2	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	53.967s (~)	54.103s (~)	0.136s	2	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	54.032s (~)	54.103s (~)	0.071s	2	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	55.383s (~)	56.103s (~)	0.719s	2	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	56.255s (+0.6%)	57.104s (+1.8%)	0.849s	2	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	56.373s (+3.6%)	57.108s (+3.6%)	0.735s	2	1.06x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	61.138s (~)	62.100s (+1.7%)	0.962s	2	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	92.401s (-3.8%)	93.928s (-3.6%)	1.527s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	97.802s (~)	99.711s (+0.6%)	1.909s	1	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	103.235s (+7.6% 🔺)	104.629s (+6.2% 🔺)	1.394s	1	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.284s (+3.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.722s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.358s (-1.4%)	2.011s (~)	0.653s	15	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.367s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.644s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.393s (-3.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.613s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Express	1.412s (+5.0% 🔺)	2.006s (~)	0.594s	15	1.10x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.416s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.589s	15	1.10x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.137s (~)	3.010s (~)	0.872s	10	1.66x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.436s (+7.3% 🔺)	3.831s (+5.5% 🔺)	1.395s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.006s (+32.6% 🔺)	4.452s (+17.3% 🔺)	1.446s	7	1.23x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.024s (+9.3% 🔺)	4.566s (+8.6% 🔺)	1.542s	7	1.24x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.994s (-4.9%)	2.517s (-8.3% 🟢)	0.523s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.032s (+1.0%)	2.518s (-3.1%)	0.485s	12	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.477s (~)	3.008s (~)	0.531s	10	1.24x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.558s (-5.1% 🟢)	3.007s (~)	0.449s	10	1.28x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.657s (+3.2%)	3.007s (~)	0.350s	10	1.33x
💻 Local	Express	2.675s (+17.4% 🔺)	3.008s (~)	0.332s	10	1.34x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.748s (+1.4%)	5.178s (~)	0.431s	6	2.38x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.582s (+1.3%)	3.982s (-0.8%)	1.400s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.891s (-15.2% 🟢)	4.194s (-9.7% 🟢)	1.302s	8	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.984s (+1.0%)	4.157s (-3.2%)	1.173s	8	1.16x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.313s (-17.7% 🟢)	4.147s (-12.4% 🟢)	0.835s	8	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.033s (-4.3%)	4.581s (-8.6% 🟢)	0.548s	7	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Express	4.219s (+7.9% 🔺)	4.610s (-2.8%)	0.391s	7	1.27x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.265s (-16.3% 🟢)	6.817s (-15.0% 🟢)	0.551s	5	1.89x
💻 Local	Express	7.699s (+18.0% 🔺)	8.021s (+14.3% 🔺)	0.322s	4	2.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.838s (+8.7% 🔺)	8.019s (~)	0.181s	4	2.37x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.977s (~)	10.685s (+3.3%)	0.709s	3	3.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.866s (-3.5%)	4.320s (+2.1%)	1.454s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.924s (-10.3% 🟢)	4.142s (-19.4% 🟢)	1.218s	8	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.947s (-6.7% 🟢)	4.332s (+0.8%)	1.385s	7	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.245s (-0.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.761s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.386s (-1.2%)	2.012s (~)	0.626s	15	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.391s (+1.0%)	2.012s (~)	0.620s	15	1.12x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.395s (-5.9% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.611s	15	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.446s (+0.7%)	2.005s (~)	0.559s	15	1.16x
💻 Local	Express	1.453s (+4.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.553s	15	1.17x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.163s (-0.6%)	3.008s (~)	0.845s	10	1.74x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.103s (-11.1% 🟢)	3.586s (-5.0%)	1.483s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.118s (-11.8% 🟢)	3.500s (-10.1% 🟢)	1.382s	9	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.184s (+5.8% 🔺)	3.554s (+3.5%)	1.370s	9	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.016s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.601s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.585s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.031s (+3.1%)	2.479s (-1.4%)	0.447s	13	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.488s (-1.1%)	3.008s (~)	0.519s	10	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.512s (-8.9% 🟢)	3.008s (~)	0.496s	10	1.25x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.775s (+2.9%)	3.008s (~)	0.234s	10	1.38x
💻 Local	Express	2.809s (+18.5% 🔺)	3.109s (+3.4%)	0.299s	10	1.39x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.730s (+0.5%)	5.176s (~)	0.446s	6	2.35x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.610s (+5.9% 🔺)	3.873s (+2.9%)	1.263s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.848s (+14.1% 🔺)	4.023s (+12.6% 🔺)	1.175s	8	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.916s (+18.3% 🔺)	4.451s (+14.9% 🔺)	1.535s	7	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.834s (-4.1%)	4.315s (-6.2% 🟢)	0.481s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.868s (+4.9%)	4.449s (-3.2%)	0.581s	7	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.992s (~)	4.294s (-3.2%)	0.303s	7	1.04x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.092s (-4.2%)	7.768s (~)	0.676s	4	1.85x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.206s (+4.6%)	9.023s (+9.1% 🔺)	0.818s	4	2.14x
💻 Local	Express	8.588s (+25.5% 🔺)	9.023s (+28.6% 🔺)	0.436s	4	2.24x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.919s (~)	10.350s (~)	0.431s	3	2.59x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.064s (-2.0%)	4.783s (+10.7% 🔺)	1.719s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.275s (+8.9% 🔺)	4.480s (+3.3%)	1.206s	8	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.570s (+16.2% 🔺)	4.867s (+14.7% 🔺)	1.297s	7	1.17x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.145s (-6.9% 🟢)	1.001s (~)	0.011s (-9.1% 🟢)	1.017s (~)	0.872s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.150s (+4.2%)	1.000s (~)	0.002s (+21.4% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.858s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	0.174s (+59.5% 🔺)	1.003s (~)	0.012s (+16.7% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.843s	10	1.20x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.177s (+3.5%)	1.003s (~)	0.012s (+3.6%)	1.017s (~)	0.841s	10	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.189s (-12.6% 🟢)	0.996s (~)	0.001s (~)	1.013s (~)	0.824s	10	1.30x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.204s (~)	0.992s (~)	0.001s (-12.5% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.808s	10	1.41x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.503s (-1.2%)	0.945s (+1.4%)	0.002s (~)	1.010s (~)	0.507s	10	3.47x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.624s (+4.2%)	2.540s (+24.4% 🔺)	0.024s (+344.4% 🔺)	3.148s (+23.1% 🔺)	1.524s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.644s (+5.4% 🔺)	2.422s (+9.9% 🔺)	0.006s (+10.9% 🔺)	2.930s (+7.6% 🔺)	1.286s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.773s (+17.2% 🔺)	2.934s (+32.5% 🔺)	0.006s (-44.0% 🟢)	3.540s (+32.4% 🔺)	1.767s	10	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	11/12
🐘 Postgres	Express	6/12
▲ Vercel	Express	7/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	6/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Redis	8/12
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	6/12

Column Definitions

Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run

Copilot

Pull request overview

Fixes initial workflow input encryption in start() when invoked outside the Vercel serverless runtime by ensuring getEncryptionKeyForRun(runId, context) receives the resolveddeploymentId (including cases where it’s inferred via world.getDeploymentId()).

Changes:

Pass resolved deploymentId into the context object provided to world.getEncryptionKeyForRun() in start().
Add tests asserting getEncryptionKeyForRun receives the resolved deploymentId both when inferred and when explicitly provided.
Add a changeset for a @workflow/core patch release.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 3 out of 3 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

File	Description
packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts	Forwards resolved `deploymentId` to `getEncryptionKeyForRun` so encryption key resolution works in external contexts.
packages/core/src/runtime/start.test.ts	Adds regression tests to ensure `deploymentId` is present in the key-resolution context.
.changeset/fix-start-encryption-deploymentid.md	Documents the bugfix and bumps `@workflow/core` with a patch changeset.

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karthikscale3

looks good to me

…ignal * origin/main: (26 commits) Fix flaky streamer test ENOENT when chunks directory does not exist yet (#1330) Version Packages (beta) (#1325) [web-shared] Improve workflow observability event list UX (#1337) feat: add `exists` getter to `Run` class (#1336) Support client-side tools in DurableAgent (#1329) [world-postgres] [world-local] Execute Graphile jobs directly instead of defering to world-local queue (#1334) Merge CLAUDE.md into AGENTS.md and symlink CLAUDE.md (#1326) [web] Polish loading indicators (#1327) Fix flaky webhookWorkflow e2e test by polling instead of fixed sleep (#1328) feat: support `deploymentId: 'latest'` in `start()` to resolve most recent deployment (#1317) Fix bug where the SWC compiler bug prunes step-only imports in the client-mode transformation [web] [world-vercel] Ensure user-passed run IDs are URL encoded and call out self-hosted security (#1322) Version Packages (beta) (#1306) Remove hard-coded VERCEL_DEPLOYMENT_KEY from nextjs-turbopack workbench (#1319) fix(web): move react-router deps to devDependencies (#1265) fix(ai): use workspace:* for workflow peer dependency (#1320) fix(core): pass resolved deploymentId to getEncryptionKeyForRun in start() (#1318) fix: surface 429 rate-limit errors in e2e tests and CLI (#1309) fix(world-local): return HTTP 200 instead of 503 for queue timeout re-enqueue signals (#1307) [web-shared] [cli] Refactor observability data fetching (#1261) ... # Conflicts: # packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts # packages/web-shared/src/components/sidebar/attribute-panel.tsx # workbench/example/workflows/99_e2e.ts

TooTallNate · 2026-03-10T22:48:28Z

Summary

Fix: start() was not encrypting the initial workflow input when called from external contexts (e2e test runners, CLI) because it passed the raw user-provided opts to getEncryptionKeyForRun instead of including the resolved deploymentId.
The deploymentId was correctly resolved from world.getDeploymentId() on line 108, but never forwarded into the context object on line 127, so getEncryptionKeyForRun received undefined and silently skipped encryption.
Step inputs/outputs were encrypted correctly because they execute inside the Vercel Function where the local HKDF path (VERCEL=1 + VERCEL_DEPLOYMENT_KEY) is used instead.

Changes

packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts: Include the resolved deploymentId in the context passed to getEncryptionKeyForRun
packages/core/src/runtime/start.test.ts: Add test cases verifying getEncryptionKeyForRun receives the resolved deploymentId both when inferred from the environment and when explicitly provided
Changeset: @workflow/core patch

…art() The start() function resolved deploymentId from world.getDeploymentId() but then passed the original opts (without the resolved value) to getEncryptionKeyForRun. In external contexts (e2e tests, CLI) where deploymentId is inferred from the environment rather than explicitly provided, this caused getEncryptionKeyForRun to receive undefined deploymentId and silently skip encryption for the initial workflow input.

vercel · 2026-03-10T22:48:29Z

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workflow-nest	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm

changeset-bot · 2026-03-10T22:48:33Z

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: f1ce686

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 15 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

github-actions · 2026-03-10T22:48:37Z

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	571	0	67	638
✅ 💻 Local Development	612	0	84	696
✅ 📦 Local Production	612	0	84	696
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	612	0	84	696
✅ 🪟 Windows	55	0	3	58
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	118	56	15	189
✅ 📋 Other	147	0	27	174
Total	2727	56	364	3147

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (56 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
webhookWorkflow
concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

redis (2 failed):

hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

turso (51 failed):

addTenWorkflow
addTenWorkflow
wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent)
should work with react rendering in step
promiseAllWorkflow
promiseRaceWorkflow
promiseAnyWorkflow
importedStepOnlyWorkflow
hookWorkflow
hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
webhookWorkflow
sleepingWorkflow
parallelSleepWorkflow
nullByteWorkflow
workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
fetchWorkflow
promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
error handling retry behavior workflow completes despite transient 5xx on step_completed
error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running
stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep
sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control)

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro	51	7
✅ example	51	7
✅ express	51	7
✅ fastify	51	7
✅ hono	51	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	56	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	56	2
✅ nitro	51	7
✅ nuxt	51	7
✅ sveltekit	51	7
✅ vite	51	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	9
✅ express-stable	49	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	9
✅ hono-stable	49	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	9
✅ vite-stable	49	9

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	9
✅ express-stable	49	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	9
✅ hono-stable	49	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	9
✅ vite-stable	49	9

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	9
✅ express-stable	49	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	9
✅ hono-stable	49	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	9
✅ vite-stable	49	9

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	55	0	3

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	2
❌ mongodb	52	3	3
✅ redis-dev	3	0	2
❌ redis	53	2	3
✅ turso-dev	3	0	2
❌ turso	4	51	3

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	49	9
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	49	9
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	49	9

📋 View full workflow run

github-actions · 2026-03-10T22:48:37Z

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.033s (+17.2% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.973s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.033s (+0.6%)	1.005s (~)	0.972s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.042s (-4.7%)	1.005s (~)	0.963s	10	1.30x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.044s (+17.7% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.962s	10	1.36x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.055s (~)	1.011s (~)	0.956s	10	1.68x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.056s (+2.7%)	1.012s (~)	0.955s	10	1.72x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.117s (+22.2% 🔺)	1.008s (~)	0.890s	10	3.59x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.517s (+8.9% 🔺)	2.279s (+12.8% 🔺)	1.762s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.622s (+16.1% 🔺)	2.511s (+4.4%)	1.889s	10	1.20x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.735s (+19.1% 🔺)	2.500s (+9.5% 🔺)	1.765s	10	1.42x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.095s (-0.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.910s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.101s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.905s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.104s (+2.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.902s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.104s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.902s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.130s (~)	2.012s (~)	0.882s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.133s (~)	2.013s (~)	0.879s	10	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.305s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.703s	10	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.023s (-2.2%)	3.481s (+1.1%)	1.458s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.043s (+1.0%)	3.652s (-2.2%)	1.608s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.047s (~)	3.567s (+5.5% 🔺)	1.520s	10	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.637s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.384s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.681s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.342s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.793s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.231s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	10.794s (+2.7%)	11.025s (~)	0.231s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.821s (-0.7%)	11.045s (~)	0.224s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.863s (~)	11.046s (~)	0.183s	3	1.02x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.213s (~)	13.019s (~)	0.806s	3	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	16.500s (-7.1% 🟢)	17.831s (-8.2% 🟢)	1.331s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	16.702s (-6.1% 🟢)	17.985s (-7.4% 🟢)	1.283s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	16.956s (~)	18.637s (+1.1%)	1.681s	2	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	26.507s (~)	27.049s (~)	0.541s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	26.918s (~)	27.054s (~)	0.136s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	26.944s (~)	27.059s (-2.4%)	0.115s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	26.979s (~)	27.394s (+1.2%)	0.416s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.231s (~)	28.052s (~)	0.821s	3	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	27.274s (+2.9%)	28.054s (+3.7%)	0.780s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.546s (~)	31.050s (~)	0.504s	2	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	42.803s (-5.7% 🟢)	44.882s (-4.1%)	2.079s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	43.404s (-3.2%)	45.032s (-3.0%)	1.628s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	43.429s (-6.6% 🟢)	45.304s (-5.8% 🟢)	1.874s	2	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	53.076s (-0.7%)	53.594s (-0.9%)	0.518s	2	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	53.967s (~)	54.103s (~)	0.136s	2	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	54.032s (~)	54.103s (~)	0.071s	2	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	55.383s (~)	56.103s (~)	0.719s	2	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	56.255s (+0.6%)	57.104s (+1.8%)	0.849s	2	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	56.373s (+3.6%)	57.108s (+3.6%)	0.735s	2	1.06x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	61.138s (~)	62.100s (+1.7%)	0.962s	2	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	92.401s (-3.8%)	93.928s (-3.6%)	1.527s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	97.802s (~)	99.711s (+0.6%)	1.909s	1	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	103.235s (+7.6% 🔺)	104.629s (+6.2% 🔺)	1.394s	1	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.284s (+3.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.722s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.358s (-1.4%)	2.011s (~)	0.653s	15	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.367s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.644s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.393s (-3.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.613s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Express	1.412s (+5.0% 🔺)	2.006s (~)	0.594s	15	1.10x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.416s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.589s	15	1.10x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.137s (~)	3.010s (~)	0.872s	10	1.66x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.436s (+7.3% 🔺)	3.831s (+5.5% 🔺)	1.395s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.006s (+32.6% 🔺)	4.452s (+17.3% 🔺)	1.446s	7	1.23x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.024s (+9.3% 🔺)	4.566s (+8.6% 🔺)	1.542s	7	1.24x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.994s (-4.9%)	2.517s (-8.3% 🟢)	0.523s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.032s (+1.0%)	2.518s (-3.1%)	0.485s	12	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.477s (~)	3.008s (~)	0.531s	10	1.24x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.558s (-5.1% 🟢)	3.007s (~)	0.449s	10	1.28x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.657s (+3.2%)	3.007s (~)	0.350s	10	1.33x
💻 Local	Express	2.675s (+17.4% 🔺)	3.008s (~)	0.332s	10	1.34x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.748s (+1.4%)	5.178s (~)	0.431s	6	2.38x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.582s (+1.3%)	3.982s (-0.8%)	1.400s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.891s (-15.2% 🟢)	4.194s (-9.7% 🟢)	1.302s	8	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.984s (+1.0%)	4.157s (-3.2%)	1.173s	8	1.16x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.313s (-17.7% 🟢)	4.147s (-12.4% 🟢)	0.835s	8	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.033s (-4.3%)	4.581s (-8.6% 🟢)	0.548s	7	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Express	4.219s (+7.9% 🔺)	4.610s (-2.8%)	0.391s	7	1.27x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.265s (-16.3% 🟢)	6.817s (-15.0% 🟢)	0.551s	5	1.89x
💻 Local	Express	7.699s (+18.0% 🔺)	8.021s (+14.3% 🔺)	0.322s	4	2.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.838s (+8.7% 🔺)	8.019s (~)	0.181s	4	2.37x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.977s (~)	10.685s (+3.3%)	0.709s	3	3.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.866s (-3.5%)	4.320s (+2.1%)	1.454s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.924s (-10.3% 🟢)	4.142s (-19.4% 🟢)	1.218s	8	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.947s (-6.7% 🟢)	4.332s (+0.8%)	1.385s	7	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.245s (-0.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.761s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.386s (-1.2%)	2.012s (~)	0.626s	15	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.391s (+1.0%)	2.012s (~)	0.620s	15	1.12x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.395s (-5.9% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.611s	15	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.446s (+0.7%)	2.005s (~)	0.559s	15	1.16x
💻 Local	Express	1.453s (+4.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.553s	15	1.17x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.163s (-0.6%)	3.008s (~)	0.845s	10	1.74x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.103s (-11.1% 🟢)	3.586s (-5.0%)	1.483s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.118s (-11.8% 🟢)	3.500s (-10.1% 🟢)	1.382s	9	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.184s (+5.8% 🔺)	3.554s (+3.5%)	1.370s	9	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.016s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.601s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.585s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.031s (+3.1%)	2.479s (-1.4%)	0.447s	13	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.488s (-1.1%)	3.008s (~)	0.519s	10	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.512s (-8.9% 🟢)	3.008s (~)	0.496s	10	1.25x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.775s (+2.9%)	3.008s (~)	0.234s	10	1.38x
💻 Local	Express	2.809s (+18.5% 🔺)	3.109s (+3.4%)	0.299s	10	1.39x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.730s (+0.5%)	5.176s (~)	0.446s	6	2.35x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.610s (+5.9% 🔺)	3.873s (+2.9%)	1.263s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.848s (+14.1% 🔺)	4.023s (+12.6% 🔺)	1.175s	8	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.916s (+18.3% 🔺)	4.451s (+14.9% 🔺)	1.535s	7	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.834s (-4.1%)	4.315s (-6.2% 🟢)	0.481s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.868s (+4.9%)	4.449s (-3.2%)	0.581s	7	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.992s (~)	4.294s (-3.2%)	0.303s	7	1.04x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.092s (-4.2%)	7.768s (~)	0.676s	4	1.85x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.206s (+4.6%)	9.023s (+9.1% 🔺)	0.818s	4	2.14x
💻 Local	Express	8.588s (+25.5% 🔺)	9.023s (+28.6% 🔺)	0.436s	4	2.24x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.919s (~)	10.350s (~)	0.431s	3	2.59x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.064s (-2.0%)	4.783s (+10.7% 🔺)	1.719s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.275s (+8.9% 🔺)	4.480s (+3.3%)	1.206s	8	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.570s (+16.2% 🔺)	4.867s (+14.7% 🔺)	1.297s	7	1.17x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.145s (-6.9% 🟢)	1.001s (~)	0.011s (-9.1% 🟢)	1.017s (~)	0.872s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.150s (+4.2%)	1.000s (~)	0.002s (+21.4% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.858s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	0.174s (+59.5% 🔺)	1.003s (~)	0.012s (+16.7% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.843s	10	1.20x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.177s (+3.5%)	1.003s (~)	0.012s (+3.6%)	1.017s (~)	0.841s	10	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.189s (-12.6% 🟢)	0.996s (~)	0.001s (~)	1.013s (~)	0.824s	10	1.30x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.204s (~)	0.992s (~)	0.001s (-12.5% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.808s	10	1.41x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.503s (-1.2%)	0.945s (+1.4%)	0.002s (~)	1.010s (~)	0.507s	10	3.47x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.624s (+4.2%)	2.540s (+24.4% 🔺)	0.024s (+344.4% 🔺)	3.148s (+23.1% 🔺)	1.524s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.644s (+5.4% 🔺)	2.422s (+9.9% 🔺)	0.006s (+10.9% 🔺)	2.930s (+7.6% 🔺)	1.286s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.773s (+17.2% 🔺)	2.934s (+32.5% 🔺)	0.006s (-44.0% 🟢)	3.540s (+32.4% 🔺)	1.767s	10	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	11/12
🐘 Postgres	Express	6/12
▲ Vercel	Express	7/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	6/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Redis	8/12
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	6/12

Column Definitions

Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run

Copilot

Pull request overview

Fixes initial workflow input encryption in start() when invoked outside the Vercel serverless runtime by ensuring getEncryptionKeyForRun(runId, context) receives the resolveddeploymentId (including cases where it’s inferred via world.getDeploymentId()).

Changes:

Pass resolved deploymentId into the context object provided to world.getEncryptionKeyForRun() in start().
Add tests asserting getEncryptionKeyForRun receives the resolved deploymentId both when inferred and when explicitly provided.
Add a changeset for a @workflow/core patch release.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 3 out of 3 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

File	Description
packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts	Forwards resolved `deploymentId` to `getEncryptionKeyForRun` so encryption key resolution works in external contexts.
packages/core/src/runtime/start.test.ts	Adds regression tests to ensure `deploymentId` is present in the key-resolution context.
.changeset/fix-start-encryption-deploymentid.md	Documents the bugfix and bumps `@workflow/core` with a patch changeset.

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karthikscale3

looks good to me

…ignal * origin/main: (26 commits) Fix flaky streamer test ENOENT when chunks directory does not exist yet (#1330) Version Packages (beta) (#1325) [web-shared] Improve workflow observability event list UX (#1337) feat: add `exists` getter to `Run` class (#1336) Support client-side tools in DurableAgent (#1329) [world-postgres] [world-local] Execute Graphile jobs directly instead of defering to world-local queue (#1334) Merge CLAUDE.md into AGENTS.md and symlink CLAUDE.md (#1326) [web] Polish loading indicators (#1327) Fix flaky webhookWorkflow e2e test by polling instead of fixed sleep (#1328) feat: support `deploymentId: 'latest'` in `start()` to resolve most recent deployment (#1317) Fix bug where the SWC compiler bug prunes step-only imports in the client-mode transformation [web] [world-vercel] Ensure user-passed run IDs are URL encoded and call out self-hosted security (#1322) Version Packages (beta) (#1306) Remove hard-coded VERCEL_DEPLOYMENT_KEY from nextjs-turbopack workbench (#1319) fix(web): move react-router deps to devDependencies (#1265) fix(ai): use workspace:* for workflow peer dependency (#1320) fix(core): pass resolved deploymentId to getEncryptionKeyForRun in start() (#1318) fix: surface 429 rate-limit errors in e2e tests and CLI (#1309) fix(world-local): return HTTP 200 instead of 503 for queue timeout re-enqueue signals (#1307) [web-shared] [cli] Refactor observability data fetching (#1261) ... # Conflicts: # packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts # packages/web-shared/src/components/sidebar/attribute-panel.tsx # workbench/example/workflows/99_e2e.ts

TooTallNate · 2026-03-10T22:48:28Z

Summary

Fix: start() was not encrypting the initial workflow input when called from external contexts (e2e test runners, CLI) because it passed the raw user-provided opts to getEncryptionKeyForRun instead of including the resolved deploymentId.
The deploymentId was correctly resolved from world.getDeploymentId() on line 108, but never forwarded into the context object on line 127, so getEncryptionKeyForRun received undefined and silently skipped encryption.
Step inputs/outputs were encrypted correctly because they execute inside the Vercel Function where the local HKDF path (VERCEL=1 + VERCEL_DEPLOYMENT_KEY) is used instead.

Changes

packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts: Include the resolved deploymentId in the context passed to getEncryptionKeyForRun
packages/core/src/runtime/start.test.ts: Add test cases verifying getEncryptionKeyForRun receives the resolved deploymentId both when inferred from the environment and when explicitly provided
Changeset: @workflow/core patch

…art() The start() function resolved deploymentId from world.getDeploymentId() but then passed the original opts (without the resolved value) to getEncryptionKeyForRun. In external contexts (e2e tests, CLI) where deploymentId is inferred from the environment rather than explicitly provided, this caused getEncryptionKeyForRun to receive undefined deploymentId and silently skip encryption for the initial workflow input.

vercel · 2026-03-10T22:48:29Z

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workflow-nest	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Mar 10, 2026 10:50pm

changeset-bot · 2026-03-10T22:48:33Z

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: f1ce686

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 15 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

github-actions · 2026-03-10T22:48:37Z

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	571	0	67	638
✅ 💻 Local Development	612	0	84	696
✅ 📦 Local Production	612	0	84	696
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	612	0	84	696
✅ 🪟 Windows	55	0	3	58
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	118	56	15	189
✅ 📋 Other	147	0	27	174
Total	2727	56	364	3147

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (56 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
webhookWorkflow
concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

redis (2 failed):

hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

turso (51 failed):

addTenWorkflow
addTenWorkflow
wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent)
should work with react rendering in step
promiseAllWorkflow
promiseRaceWorkflow
promiseAnyWorkflow
importedStepOnlyWorkflow
hookWorkflow
hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
webhookWorkflow
sleepingWorkflow
parallelSleepWorkflow
nullByteWorkflow
workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
fetchWorkflow
promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
error handling retry behavior workflow completes despite transient 5xx on step_completed
error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running
stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep
sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control)

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro	51	7
✅ example	51	7
✅ express	51	7
✅ fastify	51	7
✅ hono	51	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	56	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	56	2
✅ nitro	51	7
✅ nuxt	51	7
✅ sveltekit	51	7
✅ vite	51	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	9
✅ express-stable	49	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	9
✅ hono-stable	49	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	9
✅ vite-stable	49	9

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	9
✅ express-stable	49	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	9
✅ hono-stable	49	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	9
✅ vite-stable	49	9

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	9
✅ express-stable	49	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	9
✅ hono-stable	49	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	9
✅ vite-stable	49	9

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	55	0	3

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	2
❌ mongodb	52	3	3
✅ redis-dev	3	0	2
❌ redis	53	2	3
✅ turso-dev	3	0	2
❌ turso	4	51	3

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	49	9
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	49	9
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	49	9

📋 View full workflow run

github-actions · 2026-03-10T22:48:37Z

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.033s (+17.2% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.973s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.033s (+0.6%)	1.005s (~)	0.972s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.042s (-4.7%)	1.005s (~)	0.963s	10	1.30x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.044s (+17.7% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.962s	10	1.36x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.055s (~)	1.011s (~)	0.956s	10	1.68x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.056s (+2.7%)	1.012s (~)	0.955s	10	1.72x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.117s (+22.2% 🔺)	1.008s (~)	0.890s	10	3.59x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.517s (+8.9% 🔺)	2.279s (+12.8% 🔺)	1.762s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.622s (+16.1% 🔺)	2.511s (+4.4%)	1.889s	10	1.20x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.735s (+19.1% 🔺)	2.500s (+9.5% 🔺)	1.765s	10	1.42x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.095s (-0.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.910s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.101s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.905s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.104s (+2.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.902s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.104s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.902s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.130s (~)	2.012s (~)	0.882s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.133s (~)	2.013s (~)	0.879s	10	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.305s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.703s	10	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.023s (-2.2%)	3.481s (+1.1%)	1.458s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.043s (+1.0%)	3.652s (-2.2%)	1.608s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.047s (~)	3.567s (+5.5% 🔺)	1.520s	10	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.637s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.384s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.681s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.342s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.793s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.231s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	10.794s (+2.7%)	11.025s (~)	0.231s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.821s (-0.7%)	11.045s (~)	0.224s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.863s (~)	11.046s (~)	0.183s	3	1.02x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.213s (~)	13.019s (~)	0.806s	3	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	16.500s (-7.1% 🟢)	17.831s (-8.2% 🟢)	1.331s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	16.702s (-6.1% 🟢)	17.985s (-7.4% 🟢)	1.283s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	16.956s (~)	18.637s (+1.1%)	1.681s	2	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	26.507s (~)	27.049s (~)	0.541s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	26.918s (~)	27.054s (~)	0.136s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	26.944s (~)	27.059s (-2.4%)	0.115s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	26.979s (~)	27.394s (+1.2%)	0.416s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.231s (~)	28.052s (~)	0.821s	3	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	27.274s (+2.9%)	28.054s (+3.7%)	0.780s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.546s (~)	31.050s (~)	0.504s	2	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	42.803s (-5.7% 🟢)	44.882s (-4.1%)	2.079s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	43.404s (-3.2%)	45.032s (-3.0%)	1.628s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	43.429s (-6.6% 🟢)	45.304s (-5.8% 🟢)	1.874s	2	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	53.076s (-0.7%)	53.594s (-0.9%)	0.518s	2	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	53.967s (~)	54.103s (~)	0.136s	2	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	54.032s (~)	54.103s (~)	0.071s	2	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	55.383s (~)	56.103s (~)	0.719s	2	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	56.255s (+0.6%)	57.104s (+1.8%)	0.849s	2	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	56.373s (+3.6%)	57.108s (+3.6%)	0.735s	2	1.06x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	61.138s (~)	62.100s (+1.7%)	0.962s	2	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	92.401s (-3.8%)	93.928s (-3.6%)	1.527s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	97.802s (~)	99.711s (+0.6%)	1.909s	1	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	103.235s (+7.6% 🔺)	104.629s (+6.2% 🔺)	1.394s	1	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.284s (+3.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.722s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.358s (-1.4%)	2.011s (~)	0.653s	15	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.367s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.644s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.393s (-3.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.613s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Express	1.412s (+5.0% 🔺)	2.006s (~)	0.594s	15	1.10x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.416s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.589s	15	1.10x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.137s (~)	3.010s (~)	0.872s	10	1.66x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.436s (+7.3% 🔺)	3.831s (+5.5% 🔺)	1.395s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.006s (+32.6% 🔺)	4.452s (+17.3% 🔺)	1.446s	7	1.23x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.024s (+9.3% 🔺)	4.566s (+8.6% 🔺)	1.542s	7	1.24x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.994s (-4.9%)	2.517s (-8.3% 🟢)	0.523s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.032s (+1.0%)	2.518s (-3.1%)	0.485s	12	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.477s (~)	3.008s (~)	0.531s	10	1.24x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.558s (-5.1% 🟢)	3.007s (~)	0.449s	10	1.28x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.657s (+3.2%)	3.007s (~)	0.350s	10	1.33x
💻 Local	Express	2.675s (+17.4% 🔺)	3.008s (~)	0.332s	10	1.34x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.748s (+1.4%)	5.178s (~)	0.431s	6	2.38x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.582s (+1.3%)	3.982s (-0.8%)	1.400s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.891s (-15.2% 🟢)	4.194s (-9.7% 🟢)	1.302s	8	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.984s (+1.0%)	4.157s (-3.2%)	1.173s	8	1.16x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.313s (-17.7% 🟢)	4.147s (-12.4% 🟢)	0.835s	8	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.033s (-4.3%)	4.581s (-8.6% 🟢)	0.548s	7	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Express	4.219s (+7.9% 🔺)	4.610s (-2.8%)	0.391s	7	1.27x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.265s (-16.3% 🟢)	6.817s (-15.0% 🟢)	0.551s	5	1.89x
💻 Local	Express	7.699s (+18.0% 🔺)	8.021s (+14.3% 🔺)	0.322s	4	2.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.838s (+8.7% 🔺)	8.019s (~)	0.181s	4	2.37x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.977s (~)	10.685s (+3.3%)	0.709s	3	3.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.866s (-3.5%)	4.320s (+2.1%)	1.454s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.924s (-10.3% 🟢)	4.142s (-19.4% 🟢)	1.218s	8	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.947s (-6.7% 🟢)	4.332s (+0.8%)	1.385s	7	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.245s (-0.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.761s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.386s (-1.2%)	2.012s (~)	0.626s	15	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.391s (+1.0%)	2.012s (~)	0.620s	15	1.12x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.395s (-5.9% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.611s	15	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.446s (+0.7%)	2.005s (~)	0.559s	15	1.16x
💻 Local	Express	1.453s (+4.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.553s	15	1.17x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.163s (-0.6%)	3.008s (~)	0.845s	10	1.74x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.103s (-11.1% 🟢)	3.586s (-5.0%)	1.483s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.118s (-11.8% 🟢)	3.500s (-10.1% 🟢)	1.382s	9	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.184s (+5.8% 🔺)	3.554s (+3.5%)	1.370s	9	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.016s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.601s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.585s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.031s (+3.1%)	2.479s (-1.4%)	0.447s	13	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.488s (-1.1%)	3.008s (~)	0.519s	10	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.512s (-8.9% 🟢)	3.008s (~)	0.496s	10	1.25x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.775s (+2.9%)	3.008s (~)	0.234s	10	1.38x
💻 Local	Express	2.809s (+18.5% 🔺)	3.109s (+3.4%)	0.299s	10	1.39x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.730s (+0.5%)	5.176s (~)	0.446s	6	2.35x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.610s (+5.9% 🔺)	3.873s (+2.9%)	1.263s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.848s (+14.1% 🔺)	4.023s (+12.6% 🔺)	1.175s	8	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.916s (+18.3% 🔺)	4.451s (+14.9% 🔺)	1.535s	7	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.834s (-4.1%)	4.315s (-6.2% 🟢)	0.481s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.868s (+4.9%)	4.449s (-3.2%)	0.581s	7	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.992s (~)	4.294s (-3.2%)	0.303s	7	1.04x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.092s (-4.2%)	7.768s (~)	0.676s	4	1.85x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.206s (+4.6%)	9.023s (+9.1% 🔺)	0.818s	4	2.14x
💻 Local	Express	8.588s (+25.5% 🔺)	9.023s (+28.6% 🔺)	0.436s	4	2.24x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.919s (~)	10.350s (~)	0.431s	3	2.59x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.064s (-2.0%)	4.783s (+10.7% 🔺)	1.719s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.275s (+8.9% 🔺)	4.480s (+3.3%)	1.206s	8	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.570s (+16.2% 🔺)	4.867s (+14.7% 🔺)	1.297s	7	1.17x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.145s (-6.9% 🟢)	1.001s (~)	0.011s (-9.1% 🟢)	1.017s (~)	0.872s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.150s (+4.2%)	1.000s (~)	0.002s (+21.4% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.858s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	0.174s (+59.5% 🔺)	1.003s (~)	0.012s (+16.7% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.843s	10	1.20x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.177s (+3.5%)	1.003s (~)	0.012s (+3.6%)	1.017s (~)	0.841s	10	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.189s (-12.6% 🟢)	0.996s (~)	0.001s (~)	1.013s (~)	0.824s	10	1.30x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.204s (~)	0.992s (~)	0.001s (-12.5% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.808s	10	1.41x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.503s (-1.2%)	0.945s (+1.4%)	0.002s (~)	1.010s (~)	0.507s	10	3.47x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.624s (+4.2%)	2.540s (+24.4% 🔺)	0.024s (+344.4% 🔺)	3.148s (+23.1% 🔺)	1.524s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.644s (+5.4% 🔺)	2.422s (+9.9% 🔺)	0.006s (+10.9% 🔺)	2.930s (+7.6% 🔺)	1.286s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.773s (+17.2% 🔺)	2.934s (+32.5% 🔺)	0.006s (-44.0% 🟢)	3.540s (+32.4% 🔺)	1.767s	10	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	11/12
🐘 Postgres	Express	6/12
▲ Vercel	Express	7/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	6/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Redis	8/12
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	6/12

Column Definitions

Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run

Copilot

Pull request overview

Fixes initial workflow input encryption in start() when invoked outside the Vercel serverless runtime by ensuring getEncryptionKeyForRun(runId, context) receives the resolveddeploymentId (including cases where it’s inferred via world.getDeploymentId()).

Changes:

Pass resolved deploymentId into the context object provided to world.getEncryptionKeyForRun() in start().
Add tests asserting getEncryptionKeyForRun receives the resolved deploymentId both when inferred and when explicitly provided.
Add a changeset for a @workflow/core patch release.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 3 out of 3 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

File	Description
packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts	Forwards resolved `deploymentId` to `getEncryptionKeyForRun` so encryption key resolution works in external contexts.
packages/core/src/runtime/start.test.ts	Adds regression tests to ensure `deploymentId` is present in the key-resolution context.
.changeset/fix-start-encryption-deploymentid.md	Documents the bugfix and bumps `@workflow/core` with a patch changeset.

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karthikscale3

looks good to me

…ignal * origin/main: (26 commits) Fix flaky streamer test ENOENT when chunks directory does not exist yet (#1330) Version Packages (beta) (#1325) [web-shared] Improve workflow observability event list UX (#1337) feat: add `exists` getter to `Run` class (#1336) Support client-side tools in DurableAgent (#1329) [world-postgres] [world-local] Execute Graphile jobs directly instead of defering to world-local queue (#1334) Merge CLAUDE.md into AGENTS.md and symlink CLAUDE.md (#1326) [web] Polish loading indicators (#1327) Fix flaky webhookWorkflow e2e test by polling instead of fixed sleep (#1328) feat: support `deploymentId: 'latest'` in `start()` to resolve most recent deployment (#1317) Fix bug where the SWC compiler bug prunes step-only imports in the client-mode transformation [web] [world-vercel] Ensure user-passed run IDs are URL encoded and call out self-hosted security (#1322) Version Packages (beta) (#1306) Remove hard-coded VERCEL_DEPLOYMENT_KEY from nextjs-turbopack workbench (#1319) fix(web): move react-router deps to devDependencies (#1265) fix(ai): use workspace:* for workflow peer dependency (#1320) fix(core): pass resolved deploymentId to getEncryptionKeyForRun in start() (#1318) fix: surface 429 rate-limit errors in e2e tests and CLI (#1309) fix(world-local): return HTTP 200 instead of 503 for queue timeout re-enqueue signals (#1307) [web-shared] [cli] Refactor observability data fetching (#1261) ... # Conflicts: # packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts # packages/web-shared/src/components/sidebar/attribute-panel.tsx # workbench/example/workflows/99_e2e.ts

CopilotAI review requested due to automatic review settings March 10, 2026 22:48

TooTallNate requested a review from a team as a code owner March 10, 2026 22:48

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CopilotAI reviewed Mar 10, 2026
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karthikscale3 approved these changes Mar 10, 2026
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TooTallNate enabled auto-merge (squash) March 10, 2026 22:54

TooTallNate merged commit 854a25f into mainMar 10, 2026
167 of 172 checks passed

TooTallNate deleted the fix/start-encryption-deploymentid branch March 10, 2026 23:10

vercel-release-bot mentioned this pull request Mar 10, 2026
Version Packages (beta) #1306
Merged