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fix(builders): catch node builtin usage when entry fields diverge - #1455

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ijjk merged 3 commits into
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ijjk/fix-node-esbuild-plugin-case
Mar 23, 2026
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fix(builders): catch node builtin usage when entry fields diverge#1455
ijjk merged 3 commits into
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ijjk/fix-node-esbuild-plugin-case

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@ijjk

@ijjkijjk commented Mar 19, 2026•
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Brief summary:

  • Fixed createNodeModuleErrorPlugin to correctly trace transitive Node builtin usage when esbuild and enhanced-resolve pick different package entry files (for example module vs main).
  • Added package-specifier and resolved-package parent-edge tracking so cases like postgres importing os are attributed to the top-level package import instead of being missed.
  • Added a regression test (should detect packages when esbuild and resolver choose different entry fields) that reproduces this mismatch and verifies we now fail at build time with a package-level violation.

x-ref: slack thread

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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 8c44979

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages
NameType
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/vitestPatch
workflowPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch
@workflow/aiPatch
@workflow/corePatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

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🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production780067847
✅ 💻 Local Development7820142924
✅ 📦 Local Production7820142924
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres7820142924
✅ 🪟 Windows720577
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds1195521195
✅ 📋 Other198033231
Total3515555524122

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (55 failed)

mongodb (2 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KME0C1KBQVCMPPWXTYNADV3V
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KME0JTQY20PW59QYY8Y32V1H

redis (2 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KME0C1KBQVCMPPWXTYNADV3V
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KME0JTQY20PW59QYY8Y32V1H

turso (51 failed):

  • addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KME0ATW7C4587SVJJBS0WAHV
  • addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KME0ATW7C4587SVJJBS0WAHV
  • wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KME0B19VQESTWHSKNJR795HT
  • should work with react rendering in step
  • promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KME0B1KBM1P14NQNF6J48XD2
  • promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KME0B7DSVV04J9RM7XN8SANZ
  • promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KME0B9KDCCGVHQ3892K4YJJC
  • importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KME0BAMR9YK01ACTQ7Z7CBP9
  • hookWorkflow | wrun_01KME0BPGWYS68TJ4GECXWRJ4E
  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KME0C1KBQVCMPPWXTYNADV3V
  • webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KME0CA5VPJAHVPV3V8A8YPFX
  • sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KME0CGEM5P16M0TN97P2HDJA
  • parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KME0CXHEKQ31SBPYXA2QM3Y5
  • nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KME0D20STQWJ1N47RVP8K02P
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KME0D4D2TJEK6WBGJ9R144JC
  • fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KME0F1XKRVGEGS6FJDZ2B72K
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KME0F5E8N701HVEK5AKNVK1G
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
  • error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
  • error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
  • error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
  • error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
  • error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KME0J6AN45XMS33T6XWDAJAM
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KME0JTQY20PW59QYY8Y32V1H
  • hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KME0KGFGTS3B12AMR3A6RDC1
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KME0M478YX1ECGFXA106Z45M
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KME0MD84BTE6MHJBMHHXHJZY
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KME0MJTVCWK03VGSB543Q1XX
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KME0MN2691NCJYSV14X0TY4D
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KME0N4KWQ8H43DQY210A0QCH
  • Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KME0NAA068BYYJJ4R6BMAAWC
  • AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KME0NJ5E3BYPX7G4YW1Y089Z
  • ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KME0NRYC7V84CT01EX30KKPN
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KME0NZXBGS62E1EA49VBV374
  • customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KME0P6QZEK6D1DT71Y3HNTX1
  • instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KME0PDFZ1SXHCTN04HV5GY4H
  • crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KME0PRCX34PGXY656BDVCHHE
  • stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KME0Q08EBT3RSK700G6QPFBJ
  • cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KME0Q6Z8FQ22DJTVW031GZ0Z
  • cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KME0QG8Z3ZVG0A7S0EX1FBAT
  • pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
  • hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KME0QWRRKF8ZXWGD27NKRDRB
  • sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KME0RJ2BXPH1ADHAAZGWSJQC
  • sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KME0RYVQB4S5MT153ET9MZRA

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro7007
✅ example7007
✅ express7007
✅ fastify7007
✅ hono7007
✅ nextjs-turbopack7502
✅ nextjs-webpack7502
✅ nitro7007
✅ nuxt7007
✅ sveltekit7007
✅ vite7007
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable66011
✅ express-stable66011
✅ fastify-stable66011
✅ hono-stable66011
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary55022
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable7205
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary55022
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable7205
✅ nitro-stable66011
✅ nuxt-stable66011
✅ sveltekit-stable66011
✅ vite-stable66011
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable66011
✅ express-stable66011
✅ fastify-stable66011
✅ hono-stable66011
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary55022
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable7205
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary55022
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable7205
✅ nitro-stable66011
✅ nuxt-stable66011
✅ sveltekit-stable66011
✅ vite-stable66011
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable66011
✅ express-stable66011
✅ fastify-stable66011
✅ hono-stable66011
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary55022
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable7205
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary55022
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable7205
✅ nitro-stable66011
✅ nuxt-stable66011
✅ sveltekit-stable66011
✅ vite-stable66011
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack7205
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ mongodb-dev302
❌ mongodb5325
✅ redis-dev302
❌ redis5325
✅ turso-dev302
❌ turso4515
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable66011
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable66011
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable66011

📋 View full workflow run

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.043s (-5.1% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.963s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro0.044s (-8.2% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.962s101.03x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.056s1.006s0.950s101.32x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.057s1.005s0.948s101.34x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.061s1.011s0.950s101.43x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.064s (-9.4% 🟢)1.012s (-0.5%)0.948s101.52x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.067s (-3.0%)1.013s (~)0.945s101.58x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro0.524s (+5.6% 🔺)2.107s (-17.2% 🟢)1.583s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress0.541s (-6.1% 🟢)2.382s (-6.8% 🟢)1.841s101.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)0.695s (-3.7%)2.464s (-4.8%)1.770s101.33x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.117s2.005s0.888s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.128s (~)2.005s (~)0.877s101.01x
💻 LocalNitro1.130s (~)2.006s (~)0.876s101.01x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)1.130s2.006s0.876s101.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.141s (~)2.012s (~)0.871s101.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.149s2.014s0.865s101.03x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.170s (+2.4%)2.013s (~)0.843s101.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.196s (-0.5%)3.897s (~)1.701s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.284s (-1.7%)4.012s (+5.3% 🔺)1.728s101.04x
▲ VercelNitro2.593s (+10.9% 🔺)3.876s (~)1.283s101.18x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)10.785s11.023s0.238s31.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.856s11.024s0.168s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.892s11.038s0.146s31.01x
💻 LocalNitro10.906s (~)11.023s (~)0.117s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.918s (~)11.040s (~)0.122s31.01x
💻 LocalExpress10.933s (~)11.023s (~)0.090s31.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress10.982s (+0.7%)11.042s (~)0.060s31.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)16.967s (-4.5%)18.865s (-4.7%)1.898s21.00x
▲ VercelNitro17.110s (-1.7%)18.387s (-2.5%)1.277s21.01x
▲ VercelExpress17.985s (+3.5%)19.241s (-0.6%)1.256s21.06x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)14.383s15.030s0.647s41.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)14.530s15.046s0.515s41.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress14.615s (~)15.042s (~)0.427s41.02x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)14.641s15.030s0.389s41.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro14.673s (-1.0%)15.042s (~)0.370s41.02x
💻 LocalExpress14.961s (~)15.029s (-3.2%)0.067s41.04x
💻 LocalNitro15.009s (+0.7%)15.530s (+3.3%)0.521s41.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express33.820s (~)35.726s (~)1.906s21.00x
▲ VercelNitro34.258s (+6.0% 🔺)35.451s (+2.0%)1.193s21.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)35.600s (+9.6% 🔺)37.592s (+8.4% 🔺)1.992s21.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)13.709s14.168s0.459s71.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)14.065s14.756s0.692s71.03x
🐘 PostgresExpress14.182s (+1.2%)14.896s (+3.0%)0.714s71.03x
🐘 PostgresNitro14.354s (~)15.040s (~)0.686s61.05x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)15.809s16.030s0.220s61.15x
💻 LocalExpress16.521s (-1.0%)17.031s (~)0.510s61.21x
💻 LocalNitro16.714s (+1.6%)17.030s (~)0.317s61.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express62.946s (+9.1% 🔺)64.878s (+9.1% 🔺)1.933s21.00x
▲ VercelNitro64.103s (+14.0% 🔺)65.277s (+14.0% 🔺)1.173s21.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)65.109s (+3.7%)67.032s (+4.0%)1.923s21.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.268s2.011s0.743s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.284s (+1.4%)2.011s (~)0.728s151.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.297s (~)2.013s (~)0.715s151.02x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)1.321s2.006s0.685s151.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.511s2.005s0.495s151.19x
💻 LocalExpress1.531s (+1.6%)2.006s (~)0.475s151.21x
💻 LocalNitro1.547s (+4.3%)2.006s (~)0.459s151.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.508s (-4.2%)3.583s (-14.7% 🟢)1.075s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.511s (-9.0% 🟢)4.134s (-10.4% 🟢)1.623s81.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.594s (+4.1%)3.841s (-1.6%)1.247s81.03x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express2.453s (~)3.011s (~)0.558s101.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.457s3.012s0.555s101.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.481s (~)3.013s (~)0.532s101.01x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)2.533s3.008s0.475s101.03x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.786s3.208s0.422s101.14x
💻 LocalNitro2.969s (+3.4%)3.342s (+7.6% 🔺)0.373s91.21x
💻 LocalExpress3.142s (+4.8%)4.010s (+12.5% 🔺)0.869s81.28x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.580s (+1.7%)3.850s (+1.1%)1.270s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.752s (-3.6%)4.284s (-4.0%)1.532s81.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.955s (+12.3% 🔺)4.321s (+7.3% 🔺)1.366s71.15x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express3.581s (~)4.013s (~)0.433s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro3.614s (-0.5%)4.013s (~)0.399s81.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.756s4.014s0.258s81.05x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)4.129s4.867s0.738s71.15x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)7.364s7.766s0.402s42.06x
💻 LocalExpress8.348s (-1.5%)9.024s (~)0.676s42.33x
💻 LocalNitro9.099s (+12.0% 🔺)9.523s (+8.6% 🔺)0.424s42.54x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.967s (-2.5%)4.478s (~)1.511s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.690s (+12.3% 🔺)5.143s (+10.2% 🔺)1.453s61.24x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.157s (+23.9% 🔺)5.566s (+11.1% 🔺)1.410s61.40x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.252s2.011s0.759s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.274s (~)2.014s (~)0.740s151.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.282s (+1.8%)2.010s (~)0.728s151.02x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)1.284s2.006s0.723s151.03x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.499s2.006s0.507s151.20x
💻 LocalNitro1.533s (-1.7%)2.006s (~)0.474s151.22x
💻 LocalExpress1.547s (+0.6%)2.006s (~)0.460s151.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.352s (+6.4% 🔺)3.926s (+1.5%)1.574s81.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.532s (-2.7%)4.147s (+3.4%)1.615s81.08x
▲ VercelNitro2.690s (+26.6% 🔺)3.748s (+1.5%)1.058s101.14x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro2.443s (-0.6%)3.012s (~)0.570s101.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.443s (~)3.012s (~)0.568s101.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.447s3.011s0.564s101.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)2.542s3.008s0.465s101.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.836s3.209s0.373s101.16x
💻 LocalNitro3.034s (~)3.885s (+5.7% 🔺)0.851s81.24x
💻 LocalExpress3.422s (+12.8% 🔺)4.135s (+10.0% 🔺)0.713s81.40x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.936s (+13.4% 🔺)4.271s (+10.6% 🔺)1.335s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.344s (+24.9% 🔺)4.665s (+1.2%)1.321s71.14x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.748s (+57.5% 🔺)5.538s (+51.2% 🔺)1.789s61.28x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express3.578s (-0.6%)4.014s (~)0.436s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro3.601s (~)4.013s (~)0.412s81.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.749s4.015s0.265s81.05x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)4.175s4.726s0.551s71.17x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)8.139s8.766s0.628s42.27x
💻 LocalExpress8.867s (-2.1%)9.521s (-2.6%)0.654s42.48x
💻 LocalNitro9.118s (+5.5% 🔺)10.022s (+11.1% 🔺)0.904s32.55x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.120s (+1.7%)4.593s (+1.1%)1.473s71.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.865s (+36.6% 🔺)5.062s (+14.3% 🔺)1.197s61.24x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.357s (+11.2% 🔺)5.767s (+5.0% 🔺)1.409s61.40x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.698s1.004s0.307s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.825s1.009s0.184s601.18x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.835s1.004s0.169s601.20x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.851s (-1.8%)1.025s (~)0.174s591.22x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.870s (-3.0%)1.009s (-3.3%)0.138s601.25x
💻 LocalNitro0.974s (+1.9%)1.095s (+7.3% 🔺)0.121s551.40x
💻 LocalExpress0.986s (~)1.116s (+1.8%)0.129s541.41x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express10.317s (+3.8%)12.115s (+3.6%)1.797s61.00x
▲ VercelNitro10.367s (+8.6% 🔺)11.847s (+8.3% 🔺)1.481s61.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)10.594s (+0.9%)12.600s (+2.2%)2.006s51.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.669s2.006s0.337s451.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.028s2.511s0.483s361.22x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.125s (~)2.946s (-2.2%)0.822s311.27x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.135s (-1.2%)3.012s (+1.1%)0.877s301.28x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.703s3.041s0.338s301.62x
💻 LocalNitro2.995s (+1.3%)3.453s (+11.0% 🔺)0.458s271.79x
💻 LocalExpress3.003s (~)3.453s (-2.7%)0.449s271.80x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro32.678s (+5.3% 🔺)34.008s (+4.7%)1.330s31.00x
▲ VercelExpress33.743s (+1.5%)35.771s (+1.8%)2.029s31.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)34.125s (+4.5%)35.828s (+4.9%)1.703s31.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)3.360s4.008s0.648s301.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)4.059s4.706s0.647s261.21x
🐘 PostgresExpress4.168s (-2.2%)5.014s (+0.8%)0.846s241.24x
🐘 PostgresNitro4.462s (+2.9%)5.015s (~)0.553s241.33x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)8.548s9.017s0.468s142.54x
💻 LocalExpress9.048s (-1.1%)9.709s (-0.8%)0.661s132.69x
💻 LocalNitro9.114s (+0.9%)9.710s (+2.4%)0.596s132.71x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro92.853s (+0.6%)94.508s (~)1.654s21.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)95.680s (-1.8%)97.318s (-2.0%)1.638s21.03x
▲ VercelExpress95.903s (+8.9% 🔺)97.591s (+8.7% 🔺)1.687s21.03x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.270s1.009s0.739s601.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.297s (-1.5%)1.009s (~)0.712s601.10x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.304s (+3.4%)1.009s (~)0.705s601.13x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.383s1.004s0.621s601.42x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.537s1.004s0.468s601.99x
💻 LocalExpress0.586s (-2.9%)1.004s (~)0.419s602.17x
💻 LocalNitro0.603s (+0.9%)1.005s (~)0.401s602.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.728s (-25.5% 🟢)3.175s (-17.9% 🟢)1.448s191.00x
▲ VercelExpress1.932s (-23.1% 🟢)3.587s (-10.9% 🟢)1.655s171.12x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.108s (+11.0% 🔺)3.880s (+8.5% 🔺)1.772s161.22x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.532s (+0.8%)1.010s (~)0.478s901.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.546s (+1.2%)1.010s (~)0.464s901.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.559s1.021s0.462s891.05x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)1.172s2.006s0.834s452.20x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.485s3.008s0.523s304.67x
💻 LocalExpress2.527s (-2.1%)3.009s (~)0.481s304.75x
💻 LocalNitro2.645s (+6.9% 🔺)3.009s (~)0.364s304.98x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.429s (+18.4% 🔺)4.904s (+16.3% 🔺)1.475s191.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.603s (+17.0% 🔺)5.090s (+13.1% 🔺)1.487s181.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.611s (+5.0%)4.987s (+3.7%)1.376s191.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.925s (+3.1%)1.069s (+2.7%)0.143s1131.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.925s1.114s0.189s1081.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.945s (+0.7%)1.267s (+6.3% 🔺)0.322s951.02x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)2.735s3.007s0.272s402.96x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.265s10.942s0.677s1211.09x
💻 LocalExpress11.298s (~)11.938s (-0.7%)0.640s1112.21x
💻 LocalNitro11.432s (+2.9%)12.029s (+3.1%)0.597s1012.35x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express7.839s (+7.8% 🔺)9.610s (+7.4% 🔺)1.771s131.00x
▲ VercelNitro8.887s (+6.3% 🔺)10.346s (+6.1% 🔺)1.459s121.13x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)28.907s (+268.7% 🔺)30.565s (+226.2% 🔺)1.658s143.69x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.178s1.000s0.002s1.008s0.830s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.184s1.001s0.011s1.016s0.833s101.03x
💻 LocalExpress0.199s (-2.7%)1.003s (~)0.011s (-6.7% 🟢)1.017s (~)0.818s101.12x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.202s1.001s0.002s1.012s0.810s101.14x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.209s (-3.6%)0.994s (~)0.001s (~)1.012s (~)0.803s101.17x
💻 LocalNitro0.211s (+7.6% 🔺)1.003s (~)0.011s (-4.2%)1.018s (~)0.806s101.19x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.231s (-3.4%)0.995s (~)0.002s (+28.6% 🔺)1.014s (~)0.783s101.30x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express1.707s (+1.1%)2.730s (+3.4%)0.563s (+10136.4% 🔺)3.863s (+19.4% 🔺)2.156s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro1.722s (+4.3%)2.976s (+11.0% 🔺)0.372s (+6101.7% 🔺)3.769s (+15.2% 🔺)2.048s101.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)1.843s (+6.6% 🔺)3.048s (+2.0%)0.821s (+13360.7% 🔺)4.467s (+24.3% 🔺)2.624s101.08x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.489s0.999s0.003s1.011s0.522s601.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.667s (-3.8%)1.006s (~)0.004s (+4.4%)1.027s (~)0.360s591.36x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.672s1.008s0.010s1.024s0.352s591.37x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.687s1.009s0.007s1.029s0.342s591.40x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.713s (-1.3%)1.022s (+1.7%)0.004s (+15.6% 🔺)1.046s (+1.9%)0.334s581.46x
💻 LocalExpress0.733s (-5.6% 🟢)1.009s (-1.7%)0.009s (-8.8% 🟢)1.023s (-1.7%)0.290s591.50x
💻 LocalNitro0.739s (+1.7%)1.010s (~)0.010s (+6.4% 🔺)1.024s (~)0.285s591.51x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro4.504s (+4.1%)5.710s (+3.7%)0.485s (+85.6% 🔺)6.615s (+5.1% 🔺)2.111s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)5.076s (+11.5% 🔺)6.302s (+8.9% 🔺)0.354s (+76.9% 🔺)7.263s (+11.2% 🔺)2.187s91.13x
▲ VercelExpress5.332s (+22.2% 🔺)7.008s (+25.7% 🔺)0.414s (+55.5% 🔺)7.995s (+24.6% 🔺)2.663s81.18x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.911s1.017s0.000s1.022s0.111s591.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.123s1.938s0.000s1.955s0.832s311.23x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.149s (+24.7% 🔺)1.930s (+81.6% 🔺)0.000s (-9.7% 🟢)1.958s (+81.1% 🔺)0.809s311.26x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.165s (+30.3% 🔺)1.929s (+78.1% 🔺)0.000s (+77.4% 🔺)1.947s (+76.3% 🔺)0.783s311.28x
💻 LocalExpress1.232s (-2.1%)2.021s (~)0.000s (-41.2% 🟢)2.024s (~)0.792s301.35x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.240s2.019s0.000s2.023s0.783s301.36x
💻 LocalNitro1.263s (+3.1%)2.022s (~)0.000s (~)2.025s (~)0.762s301.39x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.073s (+28.5% 🔺)4.062s (+23.5% 🔺)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)4.649s (+17.9% 🔺)1.576s131.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.530s (+39.1% 🔺)4.510s (+40.4% 🔺)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)5.076s (+35.0% 🔺)1.545s121.15x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.586s (+22.4% 🔺)4.475s (+12.2% 🔺)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)5.027s (+9.5% 🔺)1.441s121.17x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.642s2.070s0.000s2.075s0.433s291.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.073s (+14.9% 🔺)2.580s (+22.9% 🔺)0.000s (NaN%)2.597s (+22.4% 🔺)0.524s241.26x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.200s (+16.3% 🔺)2.901s (+30.7% 🔺)0.000s (+28.6% 🔺)2.919s (+30.3% 🔺)0.719s211.34x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.254s3.005s0.000s3.015s0.762s201.37x
💻 LocalNitro3.618s (+8.7% 🔺)4.033s (+1.6%)0.001s (+262.7% 🔺)4.037s (+1.6%)0.419s152.20x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)3.655s4.163s0.000s4.168s0.513s152.23x
💻 LocalExpress3.688s (+7.1% 🔺)4.167s (+1.7%)0.001s (+62.5% 🔺)4.171s (+1.7%)0.482s152.25x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express4.202s (+27.9% 🔺)5.067s (+10.9% 🔺)0.000s (+45.5% 🔺)5.647s (+9.8% 🔺)1.445s111.00x
▲ VercelNitro4.323s (+28.1% 🔺)5.065s (+11.6% 🔺)0.000s (-45.5% 🟢)5.678s (+11.7% 🔺)1.355s111.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.382s (~)5.318s (-1.5%)0.000s (-87.5% 🟢)5.884s (-1.3%)1.502s111.04x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)18/21
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)12/21
▲ VercelNitro10/21
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express🐘 Postgres16/21
Next.js (Turbopack)🌐 Redis10/21
Nitro🐘 Postgres16/21
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run

@ijjk
ijjk marked this pull request as ready for review March 19, 2026 21:08
@ijjk
ijjk requested a review from a team as a code ownerMarch 19, 2026 21:08
@ijjk
ijjk merged commit 6cce021 into mainMar 23, 2026
103 of 104 checks passed
@ijjk
ijjk deleted the ijjk/fix-node-esbuild-plugin-case branch March 23, 2026 19:50
@ghostghost mentioned this pull request Mar 23, 2026
Merged
pranaygp added a commit that referenced this pull request Mar 23, 2026
@pranaygp
Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/main' into pgp/error-docs
e9f3614
* origin/main:
[ai] Add experimental_context to DurableAgentOptions (#1489)
[ai] Expose configured tools on DurableAgent instances (#1488)
fix(builders): catch node builtin usage when entry fields diverge (#1455)
[web-shared] Fix timeline duration format and precision (#1482)
[cli] Add bulk cancel, --status filter, fix step JSON hydration (#1467)
[utils] Re-export parseName utilities and add workflow/observability module (#1453)
[o11y] Polish display when run data has expired (#1438)
Add CommonJS `require()` support for class serialization detection in SWC plugin (#1144)
fix(next): stabilize deferred canary e2e in nextjs workbenches (#1468)
[web] Support legacy newline-delimited stream format in `useStreamReader` (#1473)
Revert "Add support for calling start() inside workflow functions (#1133)" (#1475)
pranaygp added a commit that referenced this pull request Mar 24, 2026
@pranaygp
Merge branch 'main' ofhttps://github.com/vercel/workflowinto v0/pra…
9f4d3ee
…naygp-db9e68c1
* 'main' of https://github.com/vercel/workflow: (32 commits)
chore: bump @nestjs/* to ^11.1.17 (#1497)
chore: bump hono to ^4.12.8 (#1495)
Revert "Inline class serialization registration to fix 3rd-party package supp…" (#1493)
[world] Add stream pagination and metadata endpoints (#1470)
[cli] [world-local] Ensure update checks don't suggest upgrading from stable release to pre-releases (#1490)
Remove NestJS Vercel integration while in experimental phase (#1485)
feat: export semantic error types and add API reference docs (#1447)
feat: enforce max queue deliveries in handlers with graceful failure (#1344)
[world-postgres] Migrate client from `postgres.js` to `pg` (#1484)
Inline class serialization registration to fix 3rd-party package support (#1480)
[ai] Add experimental_context to DurableAgentOptions (#1489)
[ai] Expose configured tools on DurableAgent instances (#1488)
fix(builders): catch node builtin usage when entry fields diverge (#1455)
[web-shared] Fix timeline duration format and precision (#1482)
[cli] Add bulk cancel, --status filter, fix step JSON hydration (#1467)
[utils] Re-export parseName utilities and add workflow/observability module (#1453)
[o11y] Polish display when run data has expired (#1438)
Add CommonJS `require()` support for class serialization detection in SWC plugin (#1144)
fix(next): stabilize deferred canary e2e in nextjs workbenches (#1468)
[web] Support legacy newline-delimited stream format in `useStreamReader` (#1473)
...
pranaygp added a commit that referenced this pull request Mar 24, 2026
@pranaygp
Merge branch 'main' ofhttps://github.com/vercel/workflowinto v0/pra…
4f49c0a
…naygp-6fadd605
* 'main' of https://github.com/vercel/workflow: (73 commits)
chore: bump next to 16.2.1 and fix deferred build (#1496)
chore: bump nitropack to ^2.13.1 (#1501)
chore: bump nuxt ecosystem dependencies (#1500)
chore: bump sveltekit ecosystem (#1498)
chore: bump express and fastify in workbenches (#1499)
chore: bump @nestjs/* to ^11.1.17 (#1497)
chore: bump hono to ^4.12.8 (#1495)
Revert "Inline class serialization registration to fix 3rd-party package supp…" (#1493)
[world] Add stream pagination and metadata endpoints (#1470)
[cli] [world-local] Ensure update checks don't suggest upgrading from stable release to pre-releases (#1490)
Remove NestJS Vercel integration while in experimental phase (#1485)
feat: export semantic error types and add API reference docs (#1447)
feat: enforce max queue deliveries in handlers with graceful failure (#1344)
[world-postgres] Migrate client from `postgres.js` to `pg` (#1484)
Inline class serialization registration to fix 3rd-party package support (#1480)
[ai] Add experimental_context to DurableAgentOptions (#1489)
[ai] Expose configured tools on DurableAgent instances (#1488)
fix(builders): catch node builtin usage when entry fields diverge (#1455)
[web-shared] Fix timeline duration format and precision (#1482)
[cli] Add bulk cancel, --status filter, fix step JSON hydration (#1467)
...
# Conflicts:
#	packages/core/src/runtime/start.ts
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