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Harden event pagination responses - #2180

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VaguelySerious merged 2 commits into
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pranaygp/codex/harden-event-pagination
May 31, 2026
Merged

Harden event pagination responses#2180
VaguelySerious merged 2 commits into
mainfrom
pranaygp/codex/harden-event-pagination

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Summary

  • deduplicate overlapping event-log pages returned during cursor pagination
  • retry a rejected continuation cursor once by reloading the event log from the beginning
  • fail with a world contract error when pagination returns no usable progress
  • prevent duplicate event IDs within incremental runtime merges

Why

This is client-side defense in depth for the cursor compatibility issue addressed by vercel/workflow-server#454. Older or partially migrated server behavior can reject a cursor, ignore it, or restart a continuation read at the beginning of the log. The runtime should not replay duplicated events or loop indefinitely when that happens.

The server still needs to preserve legacy cursor compatibility for clients that have already shipped. These guards make newly released clients more tolerant of rejected or overlapping reads and more explicit about malformed pagination responses.

Validation

  • pnpm --filter '@workflow/core...' build
  • pnpm --filter @workflow/core typecheck
  • pnpm --filter @workflow/core test (1080 tests passed)
  • pnpm exec biome check packages/core/src/runtime/helpers.ts packages/core/src/runtime/helpers.test.ts .changeset/calm-events-guard.md
  • git diff --check

@vercel

vercelBot commented May 30, 2026

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@changeset-bot

changeset-botBot commented May 30, 2026

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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 7ad78bb

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages
NameType
@workflow/corePatch
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/vitestPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
@workflow/webPatch
workflowPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

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github-actionsBot commented May 30, 2026

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🧪 E2E Test Results

Some tests failed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
❌ ▲ Vercel Production126512191485
✅ 💻 Local Development167102191890
✅ 📦 Local Production167102191890
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres167102191890
✅ 🪟 Windows13500135
✅ 📋 Other7690176945
Total7182110528235

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (1 failed)

vite (1 failed):

  • AbortController abortHookOrderingWorkflow [listener-first-hook-first]: addEventListener → hook.then → resumeHook → abort()

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro109026
✅ example109026
✅ express109026
✅ fastify109026
✅ hono109026
✅ nextjs-turbopack13302
✅ nextjs-webpack13302
✅ nitro109026
✅ nuxt109026
✅ sveltekit12807
❌ vite108126
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable110025
✅ express-stable110025
✅ fastify-stable110025
✅ hono-stable110025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary116019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled13500
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled13500
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary116019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled13500
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled13500
✅ nitro-stable110025
✅ nuxt-stable110025
✅ sveltekit-stable12906
✅ vite-stable110025
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable110025
✅ express-stable110025
✅ fastify-stable110025
✅ hono-stable110025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary116019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled13500
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled13500
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary116019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled13500
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled13500
✅ nitro-stable110025
✅ nuxt-stable110025
✅ sveltekit-stable12906
✅ vite-stable110025
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable110025
✅ express-stable110025
✅ fastify-stable110025
✅ hono-stable110025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary116019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled13500
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled13500
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary116019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled13500
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled13500
✅ nitro-stable110025
✅ nuxt-stable110025
✅ sveltekit-stable12906
✅ vite-stable110025
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack13500
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable110025
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-110025
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable110025
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-110025
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable110025
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-110025
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start109026

📋 View full workflow run


Some E2E test jobs failed:

  • Vercel Prod: failure
  • Local Dev: success
  • Local Prod: success
  • Local Postgres: success
  • Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

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github-actionsBot commented May 30, 2026

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.031s (-30.0% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.974s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro0.040s (-8.1% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.966s101.28x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.059s (-37.5% 🟢)1.012s (-2.9%)0.953s101.92x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.061s1.005s0.945s101.96x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.065s (+12.4% 🔺)1.011s (~)0.946s102.10x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.069s1.012s0.943s102.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro0.308s (-24.9% 🟢)2.333s (-7.0% 🟢)2.025s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress0.352s (+49.4% 🔺)2.208s (+3.4%)1.857s101.14x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express1.075s (-4.5%)2.005s (~)0.930s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro1.094s (-3.3%)2.007s (~)0.913s101.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.107s (-3.4%)2.010s (~)0.903s101.03x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.108s (-2.8%)2.009s (~)0.901s101.03x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.125s2.005s0.880s101.05x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.137s2.009s0.872s101.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.680s (-56.8% 🟢)4.100s (-30.6% 🟢)2.420s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress1.721s (-8.2% 🟢)4.467s (+17.3% 🔺)2.745s101.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express10.440s (-4.4%)11.019s (~)0.580s31.00x
💻 LocalNitro10.507s (-4.0%)11.023s (~)0.516s31.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress10.536s (-3.9%)11.017s (~)0.481s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.558s (-2.9%)11.017s (~)0.460s31.01x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.756s11.022s0.266s31.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.845s11.020s0.175s31.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro13.009s (-45.2% 🟢)15.566s (-38.0% 🟢)2.556s21.00x
▲ VercelExpress13.418s (-21.0% 🟢)15.810s (-21.0% 🟢)2.393s21.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express13.441s (-10.2% 🟢)14.025s (-6.7% 🟢)0.584s51.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro13.734s (-5.9% 🟢)14.018s (-6.7% 🟢)0.284s51.02x
💻 LocalNitro13.762s (-8.6% 🟢)14.026s (-12.5% 🟢)0.264s51.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress13.821s (-5.2% 🟢)14.017s (-6.7% 🟢)0.196s51.03x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)14.356s15.030s0.674s41.07x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)14.416s15.015s0.599s41.07x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express21.094s (-58.1% 🟢)23.434s (-55.4% 🟢)2.340s31.00x
▲ VercelNitro21.768s (-66.2% 🟢)23.830s (-64.2% 🟢)2.062s31.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express11.959s (-28.0% 🟢)12.271s (-27.9% 🟢)0.312s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro12.346s (-11.6% 🟢)13.016s (-9.0% 🟢)0.669s71.03x
💻 LocalNitro12.424s (-26.0% 🟢)13.023s (-23.5% 🟢)0.599s71.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress12.471s (-11.0% 🟢)13.018s (-10.8% 🟢)0.548s71.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)13.494s14.026s0.532s71.13x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)13.719s14.021s0.303s71.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express27.813s (-77.1% 🟢)32.254s (-73.9% 🟢)4.442s31.00x
▲ VercelNitro28.238s (-93.3% 🟢)32.579s (-92.3% 🟢)4.341s31.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express1.147s (-22.9% 🟢)2.005s (~)0.858s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.178s (-7.6% 🟢)2.007s (~)0.830s151.03x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.193s (-5.3% 🟢)2.007s (~)0.814s151.04x
💻 LocalNitro1.243s (-23.8% 🟢)2.006s (-3.3%)0.763s151.08x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.251s2.007s0.756s151.09x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.304s2.005s0.702s151.14x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.490s (-11.7% 🟢)3.972s (-8.1% 🟢)1.482s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.702s (-5.5% 🟢)4.494s (-2.8%)1.793s81.09x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.242s (-47.2% 🟢)2.007s (-33.3% 🟢)0.765s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.265s (-46.4% 🟢)2.007s (-33.3% 🟢)0.743s151.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.369s2.007s0.638s151.10x
💻 LocalExpress1.566s (-47.0% 🟢)2.005s (-41.9% 🟢)0.438s151.26x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.792s2.073s0.281s151.44x
💻 LocalNitro1.910s (-39.2% 🟢)2.314s (-40.4% 🟢)0.404s131.54x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.134s (-13.4% 🟢)5.008s (-2.0%)1.874s61.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.439s (-15.1% 🟢)5.180s (-12.5% 🟢)1.741s61.10x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.392s (-60.1% 🟢)2.007s (-50.0% 🟢)0.614s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.399s (-59.8% 🟢)2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)0.608s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.782s2.225s0.443s141.28x
💻 LocalExpress3.767s (-54.8% 🟢)4.296s (-52.4% 🟢)0.529s72.71x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)4.746s5.347s0.600s63.41x
💻 LocalNitro5.282s (-36.7% 🟢)6.013s (-33.3% 🟢)0.731s53.79x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express5.026s (+18.5% 🔺)7.625s (+24.4% 🔺)2.599s51.00x
▲ VercelNitro5.636s (+59.9% 🔺)8.489s (+53.4% 🔺)2.853s41.12x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.181s (-6.0% 🟢)2.007s (~)0.826s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.212s (-3.6%)2.008s (~)0.796s151.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.236s2.008s0.772s151.05x
💻 LocalExpress1.379s (-27.2% 🟢)2.005s (-15.2% 🟢)0.626s151.17x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.384s2.005s0.621s151.17x
💻 LocalNitro1.490s (-20.2% 🟢)2.006s (-14.3% 🟢)0.517s151.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.477s (-4.0%)3.880s (-10.8% 🟢)1.402s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.490s (+1.2%)3.982s (-4.5%)1.493s81.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.248s (-46.7% 🟢)2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)0.761s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.290s (-44.9% 🟢)2.010s (-33.3% 🟢)0.720s151.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.376s2.008s0.632s151.10x
💻 LocalExpress1.676s (-46.5% 🟢)2.072s (-44.9% 🟢)0.396s151.34x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.131s2.736s0.605s111.71x
💻 LocalNitro2.205s (-28.1% 🟢)2.827s (-27.3% 🟢)0.622s111.77x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.221s (~)6.728s (+32.5% 🔺)3.507s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.582s (+12.2% 🔺)5.489s (+14.5% 🔺)1.906s61.11x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.387s (-60.1% 🟢)2.009s (-49.9% 🟢)0.621s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.392s (-60.2% 🟢)2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)0.616s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.685s2.077s0.392s151.21x
💻 LocalExpress3.897s (-55.7% 🟢)4.438s (-52.1% 🟢)0.540s72.81x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)5.212s5.513s0.300s63.76x
💻 LocalNitro6.472s (-29.2% 🟢)7.214s (-28.0% 🟢)0.742s54.66x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro4.582s (-10.0% 🟢)6.982s (+2.4%)2.400s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress4.891s (-23.8% 🟢)8.929s (+9.2% 🔺)4.037s41.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.511s (-48.1% 🟢)1.003s (-6.7% 🟢)0.492s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.556s (-32.2% 🟢)1.024s (+1.7%)0.468s591.09x
💻 LocalNitro0.584s (-40.5% 🟢)1.005s (-8.1% 🟢)0.421s601.14x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.610s (-27.3% 🟢)1.041s (+1.7%)0.431s581.19x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.800s1.006s0.206s601.56x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.848s1.004s0.156s601.66x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express5.225s (-72.5% 🟢)7.527s (-64.7% 🟢)2.302s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro5.613s (-74.5% 🟢)8.787s (-63.4% 🟢)3.174s71.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express1.202s (-60.1% 🟢)2.005s (-44.1% 🟢)0.803s451.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.288s (-33.2% 🟢)2.008s (-4.4%)0.720s451.07x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.375s (-30.4% 🟢)2.030s (-10.1% 🟢)0.655s451.14x
💻 LocalNitro1.473s (-51.5% 🟢)2.006s (-46.6% 🟢)0.533s451.23x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.947s2.152s0.204s421.62x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.082s2.882s0.800s321.73x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro12.279s (-68.9% 🟢)14.487s (-64.9% 🟢)2.208s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress12.542s (-63.7% 🟢)15.183s (-58.8% 🟢)2.641s61.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro2.649s (-35.5% 🟢)3.085s (-33.0% 🟢)0.437s391.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.769s (-30.6% 🟢)3.166s (-27.5% 🟢)0.397s381.05x
💻 LocalExpress2.852s (-69.0% 🟢)3.217s (-67.9% 🟢)0.366s381.08x
💻 LocalNitro3.184s (-65.8% 🟢)4.009s (-60.0% 🟢)0.825s301.20x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.910s4.144s0.234s301.48x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)4.225s5.011s0.785s241.60x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro23.475s (-75.8% 🟢)26.979s (-72.6% 🟢)3.504s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress25.025s (-80.8% 🟢)28.494s (-78.4% 🟢)3.469s51.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.215s (-24.0% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.791s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.215s (-24.1% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.791s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.278s1.007s0.729s601.29x
💻 LocalExpress0.416s (-25.8% 🟢)1.020s (+1.6%)0.604s591.94x
💻 LocalNitro0.419s (-30.8% 🟢)1.004s (-1.7%)0.586s601.95x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.541s1.004s0.463s602.52x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.110s (+8.0% 🔺)4.415s (+21.4% 🔺)2.304s141.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.304s (+38.7% 🔺)4.047s (+20.8% 🔺)1.744s151.09x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro0.330s (-33.6% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.677s901.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.342s (-32.9% 🟢)1.007s (~)0.665s901.04x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.483s1.006s0.523s901.46x
💻 LocalExpress1.728s (-31.2% 🟢)2.227s (-26.0% 🟢)0.498s415.24x
💻 LocalNitro2.164s (-14.8% 🟢)2.736s (-9.1% 🟢)0.572s336.56x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.456s3.111s0.655s307.45x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro4.222s (+30.9% 🔺)6.516s (+35.1% 🔺)2.294s151.00x
▲ VercelExpress4.489s (+47.3% 🔺)6.596s (+37.2% 🔺)2.107s141.06x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro0.650s (-17.8% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.356s1201.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.673s (-17.8% 🟢)1.006s (-1.1%)0.333s1201.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.982s1.630s0.648s741.51x
💻 LocalExpress7.937s (-29.1% 🟢)8.557s (-28.3% 🟢)0.620s1512.21x
💻 LocalNitro9.549s (-14.7% 🟢)10.195s (-12.6% 🟢)0.646s1214.69x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.601s11.302s0.702s1116.31x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro12.601s (+63.2% 🔺)14.844s (+57.9% 🔺)2.244s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress12.905s (+73.9% 🔺)15.064s (+63.0% 🔺)2.160s91.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express1.129s (+467.1% 🔺)2.004s (+99.5% 🔺)0.008s (-34.7% 🟢)2.014s (+97.8% 🔺)0.885s101.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.155s (+463.6% 🔺)2.001s (+100.2% 🔺)0.001s (-20.0% 🟢)2.010s (+98.8% 🔺)0.855s101.02x
💻 LocalNitro1.160s (+442.8% 🔺)2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)0.012s (-3.2%)2.019s (+98.2% 🔺)0.859s101.03x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.171s (+471.1% 🔺)1.998s (+100.1% 🔺)0.002s (~)2.011s (+98.8% 🔺)0.840s101.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.198s2.003s0.010s2.017s0.819s101.06x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.266s2.002s0.002s2.011s0.745s101.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.212s (-42.3% 🟢)3.747s (-29.0% 🟢)13.358s (+1700.1% 🔺)17.538s (+170.5% 🔺)15.327s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.526s (+0.8%)3.228s (-21.1% 🟢)1.656s (+72.4% 🔺)5.854s (+4.7%)3.328s101.14x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.578s (+88.2% 🔺)2.010s (+98.6% 🔺)0.010s (+9.6% 🔺)2.022s (+81.2% 🔺)0.444s301.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.581s (+153.3% 🔺)2.005s (+99.1% 🔺)0.004s (-10.5% 🟢)2.025s (+98.1% 🔺)0.444s301.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.582s (+151.0% 🔺)2.006s (+99.3% 🔺)0.004s (+1.8%)2.025s (+97.9% 🔺)0.443s301.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.743s2.010s0.004s2.026s0.284s301.10x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.744s2.006s0.011s2.022s0.279s301.10x
💻 LocalExpress1.859s (+145.6% 🔺)2.007s (+95.0% 🔺)0.008s (-19.3% 🟢)2.417s (+132.5% 🔺)0.558s251.18x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express5.739s (-11.8% 🟢)7.290s (-9.0% 🟢)0.201s (-50.8% 🟢)8.306s (-6.0% 🟢)2.567s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro6.087s (-79.3% 🟢)8.642s (-71.9% 🟢)0.194s (+73.3% 🔺)9.371s (-70.5% 🟢)3.284s71.06x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro0.696s (-28.1% 🟢)1.031s (-17.3% 🟢)0.000s (+106.9% 🔺)1.049s (-16.6% 🟢)0.353s581.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.736s (-23.4% 🟢)1.069s (-16.4% 🟢)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)1.081s (-17.2% 🟢)0.345s561.06x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.834s1.092s0.000s1.098s0.264s551.20x
💻 LocalExpress1.176s (-4.0%)1.886s (-6.7% 🟢)0.000s (+12.5% 🔺)1.888s (-6.6% 🟢)0.712s321.69x
💻 LocalNitro1.370s (+12.1% 🔺)2.013s (~)0.000s (+200.0% 🔺)2.015s (~)0.645s301.97x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.668s2.013s0.000s2.195s0.527s282.40x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.389s (+11.1% 🔺)4.707s (+7.2% 🔺)0.004s (+5750.0% 🔺)5.240s (+9.0% 🔺)1.851s121.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.482s (-6.9% 🟢)5.691s (+11.5% 🔺)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)6.214s (+12.4% 🔺)2.732s101.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.335s (-24.7% 🟢)2.065s (-5.2% 🟢)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)2.084s (-5.2% 🟢)0.749s291.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.360s (-24.1% 🟢)2.103s (-1.8%)0.000s (-3.4%)2.124s (-2.3%)0.764s291.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.695s2.225s0.000s2.233s0.538s271.27x
💻 LocalExpress2.443s (-29.5% 🟢)2.975s (-26.3% 🟢)0.000s (-76.2% 🟢)2.979s (-26.2% 🟢)0.536s211.83x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)3.109s3.777s0.001s3.781s0.672s162.33x
💻 LocalNitro3.119s (-7.9% 🟢)3.891s (-3.5%)0.001s (+17.2% 🔺)3.903s (-3.3%)0.784s162.34x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro5.077s (+24.0% 🔺)7.360s (+36.9% 🔺)0.000s (-18.5% 🟢)7.768s (+34.1% 🔺)2.691s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress5.131s (+11.9% 🔺)7.584s (+25.9% 🔺)0.005s (+Infinity% 🔺)8.157s (+26.3% 🔺)3.026s81.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalExpress20/21
🐘 PostgresNitro16/21
▲ VercelNitro13/21
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express🐘 Postgres12/21
Next.js (Turbopack)🐘 Postgres15/21
Nitro🐘 Postgres17/21
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run


Some benchmark jobs failed:

  • Local: success
  • Postgres: success
  • Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

@pranaygp
pranaygp marked this pull request as ready for review May 31, 2026 01:51
@pranaygp
pranaygp requested a review from a team as a code ownerMay 31, 2026 01:51
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Pull request overview

This PR hardens runtime event-log pagination so clients can tolerate rejected or overlapping cursors without replaying duplicate events or looping indefinitely.

Changes:

  • Adds pagination guard helpers for cursor progress validation, deduplication, and one-time retry after rejected continuation cursors.
  • Adds tests covering overlapping pages, rejected cursors, repeated cursors, and missing cursors with hasMore.
  • Fixes incremental event merges to update the local existingIds set while appending.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 4 out of 4 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

FileDescription
packages/core/src/runtime/helpers.tsAdds event pagination deduplication, cursor retry, and contract-error guards.
packages/core/src/runtime/helpers.test.tsAdds regression tests for hardened pagination behavior.
packages/core/src/runtime.tsPrevents duplicate IDs during incremental runtime event merges.
.changeset/calm-events-guard.mdRecords a patch release note for the runtime pagination hardening.

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See review on #2179, please address the same nits

@VaguelySerious
VaguelySerious merged commit 1ee63b8 into mainMay 31, 2026
111 of 119 checks passed
@VaguelySerious
VaguelySerious deleted the pranaygp/codex/harden-event-pagination branch May 31, 2026 08:48
@github-actionsgithub-actionsBot mentioned this pull request May 31, 2026
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No backport to stable for 1ee63b8 (AI decision).

The stable branch already contains all of this hardening code: eventPaginationContractError, appendUniqueEvents, assertEventPaginationProgress, shouldRetryWithoutEventCursor, loadedEventIds/requestedCursors, the existingIds.add fix in runtime.ts, and the four new test cases (deduplicates overlapping pages, retries a rejected continuation cursor, fails instead of looping, fails when a response reports more pages without a cursor) are all already present on stable. This PR is forward-porting an already-stable fix to main, so there is nothing to backport.

To override, re-run the Backport to stable workflow manually via workflow_dispatch and paste this commit SHA into the ref input:

1ee63b870afbf9754eb1022b1bb5f02d0ab042f9

pranaygp added a commit that referenced this pull request Jun 2, 2026
* origin/main:
[world-vercel] Retry transient response-body parse failures in the HTTP client (#2204)
Add virtualization to the trace viewer (#2205)
Trace viewer: scroll-load events past an auto-load cap (#2200)
fix(core): resolve forwarded stream keys across deployments (#2191)
[e2e] Improve error labeling in event-log-race-repro CI job (#2190)
[core] Harden event pagination response parsing (#2180) (#2179)
Add loading skeleton to the new trace viewer (#2164)
Add tooltip components + apply on up/down detail pane (#2163)
fix(swc-plugin): allow wasm host imports during link (#2174)
[test] Forward-port reused-sleep replay divergence test (#2172)
[e2e] Add `event-log-race-repro` label for triggering CI stress-test (#2159)
Version Packages (beta) (#2162)
fix(world-local): skip Nov 2025 ghost versions on npm (#2168)
fix(core,errors): classify SDK encryption failures as RUNTIME_ERROR (#2145)
[web-shared][web] Fix events tab search (#2107)
Version Packages (beta) (#2147)
Allow setting workflow attributes from steps (#2157)
Better search handling on the trace viewer (#2144)
[docs] Document experimental attributes feature (#2141)
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Harden event pagination responses by pranaygp · Pull Request #2180 · vercel/workflow · GitHub
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Harden event pagination responses - #2180

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pranaygp/codex/harden-event-pagination
May 31, 2026
Merged

Harden event pagination responses#2180
VaguelySerious merged 2 commits into
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pranaygp/codex/harden-event-pagination

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Summary

  • deduplicate overlapping event-log pages returned during cursor pagination
  • retry a rejected continuation cursor once by reloading the event log from the beginning
  • fail with a world contract error when pagination returns no usable progress
  • prevent duplicate event IDs within incremental runtime merges

Why

This is client-side defense in depth for the cursor compatibility issue addressed by vercel/workflow-server#454. Older or partially migrated server behavior can reject a cursor, ignore it, or restart a continuation read at the beginning of the log. The runtime should not replay duplicated events or loop indefinitely when that happens.

The server still needs to preserve legacy cursor compatibility for clients that have already shipped. These guards make newly released clients more tolerant of rejected or overlapping reads and more explicit about malformed pagination responses.

Validation

  • pnpm --filter '@workflow/core...' build
  • pnpm --filter @workflow/core typecheck
  • pnpm --filter @workflow/core test (1080 tests passed)
  • pnpm exec biome check packages/core/src/runtime/helpers.ts packages/core/src/runtime/helpers.test.ts .changeset/calm-events-guard.md
  • git diff --check

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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 7ad78bb

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages
NameType
@workflow/corePatch
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/vitestPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
@workflow/webPatch
workflowPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

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🧪 E2E Test Results

Some tests failed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
❌ ▲ Vercel Production126512191485
✅ 💻 Local Development167102191890
✅ 📦 Local Production167102191890
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres167102191890
✅ 🪟 Windows13500135
✅ 📋 Other7690176945
Total7182110528235

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (1 failed)

vite (1 failed):

  • AbortController abortHookOrderingWorkflow [listener-first-hook-first]: addEventListener → hook.then → resumeHook → abort()

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro109026
✅ example109026
✅ express109026
✅ fastify109026
✅ hono109026
✅ nextjs-turbopack13302
✅ nextjs-webpack13302
✅ nitro109026
✅ nuxt109026
✅ sveltekit12807
❌ vite108126
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable110025
✅ express-stable110025
✅ fastify-stable110025
✅ hono-stable110025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary116019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled13500
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled13500
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary116019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled13500
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled13500
✅ nitro-stable110025
✅ nuxt-stable110025
✅ sveltekit-stable12906
✅ vite-stable110025
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable110025
✅ express-stable110025
✅ fastify-stable110025
✅ hono-stable110025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary116019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled13500
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled13500
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary116019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled13500
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled13500
✅ nitro-stable110025
✅ nuxt-stable110025
✅ sveltekit-stable12906
✅ vite-stable110025
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable110025
✅ express-stable110025
✅ fastify-stable110025
✅ hono-stable110025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary116019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled13500
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled13500
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary116019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled13500
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled13500
✅ nitro-stable110025
✅ nuxt-stable110025
✅ sveltekit-stable12906
✅ vite-stable110025
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack13500
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable110025
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-110025
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable110025
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-110025
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable110025
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-110025
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start109026

📋 View full workflow run


Some E2E test jobs failed:

  • Vercel Prod: failure
  • Local Dev: success
  • Local Prod: success
  • Local Postgres: success
  • Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.031s (-30.0% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.974s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro0.040s (-8.1% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.966s101.28x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.059s (-37.5% 🟢)1.012s (-2.9%)0.953s101.92x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.061s1.005s0.945s101.96x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.065s (+12.4% 🔺)1.011s (~)0.946s102.10x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.069s1.012s0.943s102.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro0.308s (-24.9% 🟢)2.333s (-7.0% 🟢)2.025s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress0.352s (+49.4% 🔺)2.208s (+3.4%)1.857s101.14x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express1.075s (-4.5%)2.005s (~)0.930s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro1.094s (-3.3%)2.007s (~)0.913s101.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.107s (-3.4%)2.010s (~)0.903s101.03x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.108s (-2.8%)2.009s (~)0.901s101.03x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.125s2.005s0.880s101.05x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.137s2.009s0.872s101.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.680s (-56.8% 🟢)4.100s (-30.6% 🟢)2.420s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress1.721s (-8.2% 🟢)4.467s (+17.3% 🔺)2.745s101.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express10.440s (-4.4%)11.019s (~)0.580s31.00x
💻 LocalNitro10.507s (-4.0%)11.023s (~)0.516s31.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress10.536s (-3.9%)11.017s (~)0.481s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.558s (-2.9%)11.017s (~)0.460s31.01x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.756s11.022s0.266s31.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.845s11.020s0.175s31.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro13.009s (-45.2% 🟢)15.566s (-38.0% 🟢)2.556s21.00x
▲ VercelExpress13.418s (-21.0% 🟢)15.810s (-21.0% 🟢)2.393s21.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express13.441s (-10.2% 🟢)14.025s (-6.7% 🟢)0.584s51.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro13.734s (-5.9% 🟢)14.018s (-6.7% 🟢)0.284s51.02x
💻 LocalNitro13.762s (-8.6% 🟢)14.026s (-12.5% 🟢)0.264s51.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress13.821s (-5.2% 🟢)14.017s (-6.7% 🟢)0.196s51.03x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)14.356s15.030s0.674s41.07x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)14.416s15.015s0.599s41.07x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express21.094s (-58.1% 🟢)23.434s (-55.4% 🟢)2.340s31.00x
▲ VercelNitro21.768s (-66.2% 🟢)23.830s (-64.2% 🟢)2.062s31.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express11.959s (-28.0% 🟢)12.271s (-27.9% 🟢)0.312s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro12.346s (-11.6% 🟢)13.016s (-9.0% 🟢)0.669s71.03x
💻 LocalNitro12.424s (-26.0% 🟢)13.023s (-23.5% 🟢)0.599s71.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress12.471s (-11.0% 🟢)13.018s (-10.8% 🟢)0.548s71.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)13.494s14.026s0.532s71.13x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)13.719s14.021s0.303s71.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express27.813s (-77.1% 🟢)32.254s (-73.9% 🟢)4.442s31.00x
▲ VercelNitro28.238s (-93.3% 🟢)32.579s (-92.3% 🟢)4.341s31.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express1.147s (-22.9% 🟢)2.005s (~)0.858s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.178s (-7.6% 🟢)2.007s (~)0.830s151.03x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.193s (-5.3% 🟢)2.007s (~)0.814s151.04x
💻 LocalNitro1.243s (-23.8% 🟢)2.006s (-3.3%)0.763s151.08x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.251s2.007s0.756s151.09x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.304s2.005s0.702s151.14x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.490s (-11.7% 🟢)3.972s (-8.1% 🟢)1.482s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.702s (-5.5% 🟢)4.494s (-2.8%)1.793s81.09x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.242s (-47.2% 🟢)2.007s (-33.3% 🟢)0.765s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.265s (-46.4% 🟢)2.007s (-33.3% 🟢)0.743s151.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.369s2.007s0.638s151.10x
💻 LocalExpress1.566s (-47.0% 🟢)2.005s (-41.9% 🟢)0.438s151.26x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.792s2.073s0.281s151.44x
💻 LocalNitro1.910s (-39.2% 🟢)2.314s (-40.4% 🟢)0.404s131.54x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.134s (-13.4% 🟢)5.008s (-2.0%)1.874s61.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.439s (-15.1% 🟢)5.180s (-12.5% 🟢)1.741s61.10x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.392s (-60.1% 🟢)2.007s (-50.0% 🟢)0.614s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.399s (-59.8% 🟢)2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)0.608s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.782s2.225s0.443s141.28x
💻 LocalExpress3.767s (-54.8% 🟢)4.296s (-52.4% 🟢)0.529s72.71x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)4.746s5.347s0.600s63.41x
💻 LocalNitro5.282s (-36.7% 🟢)6.013s (-33.3% 🟢)0.731s53.79x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express5.026s (+18.5% 🔺)7.625s (+24.4% 🔺)2.599s51.00x
▲ VercelNitro5.636s (+59.9% 🔺)8.489s (+53.4% 🔺)2.853s41.12x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.181s (-6.0% 🟢)2.007s (~)0.826s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.212s (-3.6%)2.008s (~)0.796s151.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.236s2.008s0.772s151.05x
💻 LocalExpress1.379s (-27.2% 🟢)2.005s (-15.2% 🟢)0.626s151.17x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.384s2.005s0.621s151.17x
💻 LocalNitro1.490s (-20.2% 🟢)2.006s (-14.3% 🟢)0.517s151.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.477s (-4.0%)3.880s (-10.8% 🟢)1.402s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.490s (+1.2%)3.982s (-4.5%)1.493s81.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.248s (-46.7% 🟢)2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)0.761s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.290s (-44.9% 🟢)2.010s (-33.3% 🟢)0.720s151.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.376s2.008s0.632s151.10x
💻 LocalExpress1.676s (-46.5% 🟢)2.072s (-44.9% 🟢)0.396s151.34x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.131s2.736s0.605s111.71x
💻 LocalNitro2.205s (-28.1% 🟢)2.827s (-27.3% 🟢)0.622s111.77x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.221s (~)6.728s (+32.5% 🔺)3.507s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.582s (+12.2% 🔺)5.489s (+14.5% 🔺)1.906s61.11x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.387s (-60.1% 🟢)2.009s (-49.9% 🟢)0.621s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.392s (-60.2% 🟢)2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)0.616s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.685s2.077s0.392s151.21x
💻 LocalExpress3.897s (-55.7% 🟢)4.438s (-52.1% 🟢)0.540s72.81x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)5.212s5.513s0.300s63.76x
💻 LocalNitro6.472s (-29.2% 🟢)7.214s (-28.0% 🟢)0.742s54.66x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro4.582s (-10.0% 🟢)6.982s (+2.4%)2.400s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress4.891s (-23.8% 🟢)8.929s (+9.2% 🔺)4.037s41.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.511s (-48.1% 🟢)1.003s (-6.7% 🟢)0.492s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.556s (-32.2% 🟢)1.024s (+1.7%)0.468s591.09x
💻 LocalNitro0.584s (-40.5% 🟢)1.005s (-8.1% 🟢)0.421s601.14x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.610s (-27.3% 🟢)1.041s (+1.7%)0.431s581.19x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.800s1.006s0.206s601.56x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.848s1.004s0.156s601.66x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express5.225s (-72.5% 🟢)7.527s (-64.7% 🟢)2.302s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro5.613s (-74.5% 🟢)8.787s (-63.4% 🟢)3.174s71.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express1.202s (-60.1% 🟢)2.005s (-44.1% 🟢)0.803s451.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.288s (-33.2% 🟢)2.008s (-4.4%)0.720s451.07x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.375s (-30.4% 🟢)2.030s (-10.1% 🟢)0.655s451.14x
💻 LocalNitro1.473s (-51.5% 🟢)2.006s (-46.6% 🟢)0.533s451.23x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.947s2.152s0.204s421.62x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.082s2.882s0.800s321.73x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro12.279s (-68.9% 🟢)14.487s (-64.9% 🟢)2.208s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress12.542s (-63.7% 🟢)15.183s (-58.8% 🟢)2.641s61.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro2.649s (-35.5% 🟢)3.085s (-33.0% 🟢)0.437s391.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.769s (-30.6% 🟢)3.166s (-27.5% 🟢)0.397s381.05x
💻 LocalExpress2.852s (-69.0% 🟢)3.217s (-67.9% 🟢)0.366s381.08x
💻 LocalNitro3.184s (-65.8% 🟢)4.009s (-60.0% 🟢)0.825s301.20x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.910s4.144s0.234s301.48x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)4.225s5.011s0.785s241.60x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro23.475s (-75.8% 🟢)26.979s (-72.6% 🟢)3.504s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress25.025s (-80.8% 🟢)28.494s (-78.4% 🟢)3.469s51.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.215s (-24.0% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.791s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.215s (-24.1% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.791s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.278s1.007s0.729s601.29x
💻 LocalExpress0.416s (-25.8% 🟢)1.020s (+1.6%)0.604s591.94x
💻 LocalNitro0.419s (-30.8% 🟢)1.004s (-1.7%)0.586s601.95x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.541s1.004s0.463s602.52x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.110s (+8.0% 🔺)4.415s (+21.4% 🔺)2.304s141.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.304s (+38.7% 🔺)4.047s (+20.8% 🔺)1.744s151.09x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro0.330s (-33.6% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.677s901.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.342s (-32.9% 🟢)1.007s (~)0.665s901.04x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.483s1.006s0.523s901.46x
💻 LocalExpress1.728s (-31.2% 🟢)2.227s (-26.0% 🟢)0.498s415.24x
💻 LocalNitro2.164s (-14.8% 🟢)2.736s (-9.1% 🟢)0.572s336.56x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.456s3.111s0.655s307.45x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro4.222s (+30.9% 🔺)6.516s (+35.1% 🔺)2.294s151.00x
▲ VercelExpress4.489s (+47.3% 🔺)6.596s (+37.2% 🔺)2.107s141.06x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro0.650s (-17.8% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.356s1201.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.673s (-17.8% 🟢)1.006s (-1.1%)0.333s1201.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.982s1.630s0.648s741.51x
💻 LocalExpress7.937s (-29.1% 🟢)8.557s (-28.3% 🟢)0.620s1512.21x
💻 LocalNitro9.549s (-14.7% 🟢)10.195s (-12.6% 🟢)0.646s1214.69x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.601s11.302s0.702s1116.31x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro12.601s (+63.2% 🔺)14.844s (+57.9% 🔺)2.244s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress12.905s (+73.9% 🔺)15.064s (+63.0% 🔺)2.160s91.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express1.129s (+467.1% 🔺)2.004s (+99.5% 🔺)0.008s (-34.7% 🟢)2.014s (+97.8% 🔺)0.885s101.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.155s (+463.6% 🔺)2.001s (+100.2% 🔺)0.001s (-20.0% 🟢)2.010s (+98.8% 🔺)0.855s101.02x
💻 LocalNitro1.160s (+442.8% 🔺)2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)0.012s (-3.2%)2.019s (+98.2% 🔺)0.859s101.03x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.171s (+471.1% 🔺)1.998s (+100.1% 🔺)0.002s (~)2.011s (+98.8% 🔺)0.840s101.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.198s2.003s0.010s2.017s0.819s101.06x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.266s2.002s0.002s2.011s0.745s101.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.212s (-42.3% 🟢)3.747s (-29.0% 🟢)13.358s (+1700.1% 🔺)17.538s (+170.5% 🔺)15.327s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.526s (+0.8%)3.228s (-21.1% 🟢)1.656s (+72.4% 🔺)5.854s (+4.7%)3.328s101.14x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.578s (+88.2% 🔺)2.010s (+98.6% 🔺)0.010s (+9.6% 🔺)2.022s (+81.2% 🔺)0.444s301.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.581s (+153.3% 🔺)2.005s (+99.1% 🔺)0.004s (-10.5% 🟢)2.025s (+98.1% 🔺)0.444s301.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.582s (+151.0% 🔺)2.006s (+99.3% 🔺)0.004s (+1.8%)2.025s (+97.9% 🔺)0.443s301.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.743s2.010s0.004s2.026s0.284s301.10x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.744s2.006s0.011s2.022s0.279s301.10x
💻 LocalExpress1.859s (+145.6% 🔺)2.007s (+95.0% 🔺)0.008s (-19.3% 🟢)2.417s (+132.5% 🔺)0.558s251.18x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express5.739s (-11.8% 🟢)7.290s (-9.0% 🟢)0.201s (-50.8% 🟢)8.306s (-6.0% 🟢)2.567s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro6.087s (-79.3% 🟢)8.642s (-71.9% 🟢)0.194s (+73.3% 🔺)9.371s (-70.5% 🟢)3.284s71.06x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro0.696s (-28.1% 🟢)1.031s (-17.3% 🟢)0.000s (+106.9% 🔺)1.049s (-16.6% 🟢)0.353s581.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.736s (-23.4% 🟢)1.069s (-16.4% 🟢)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)1.081s (-17.2% 🟢)0.345s561.06x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.834s1.092s0.000s1.098s0.264s551.20x
💻 LocalExpress1.176s (-4.0%)1.886s (-6.7% 🟢)0.000s (+12.5% 🔺)1.888s (-6.6% 🟢)0.712s321.69x
💻 LocalNitro1.370s (+12.1% 🔺)2.013s (~)0.000s (+200.0% 🔺)2.015s (~)0.645s301.97x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.668s2.013s0.000s2.195s0.527s282.40x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.389s (+11.1% 🔺)4.707s (+7.2% 🔺)0.004s (+5750.0% 🔺)5.240s (+9.0% 🔺)1.851s121.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.482s (-6.9% 🟢)5.691s (+11.5% 🔺)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)6.214s (+12.4% 🔺)2.732s101.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.335s (-24.7% 🟢)2.065s (-5.2% 🟢)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)2.084s (-5.2% 🟢)0.749s291.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.360s (-24.1% 🟢)2.103s (-1.8%)0.000s (-3.4%)2.124s (-2.3%)0.764s291.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.695s2.225s0.000s2.233s0.538s271.27x
💻 LocalExpress2.443s (-29.5% 🟢)2.975s (-26.3% 🟢)0.000s (-76.2% 🟢)2.979s (-26.2% 🟢)0.536s211.83x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)3.109s3.777s0.001s3.781s0.672s162.33x
💻 LocalNitro3.119s (-7.9% 🟢)3.891s (-3.5%)0.001s (+17.2% 🔺)3.903s (-3.3%)0.784s162.34x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro5.077s (+24.0% 🔺)7.360s (+36.9% 🔺)0.000s (-18.5% 🟢)7.768s (+34.1% 🔺)2.691s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress5.131s (+11.9% 🔺)7.584s (+25.9% 🔺)0.005s (+Infinity% 🔺)8.157s (+26.3% 🔺)3.026s81.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalExpress20/21
🐘 PostgresNitro16/21
▲ VercelNitro13/21
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express🐘 Postgres12/21
Next.js (Turbopack)🐘 Postgres15/21
Nitro🐘 Postgres17/21
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run


Some benchmark jobs failed:

  • Local: success
  • Postgres: success
  • Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

@pranaygp
pranaygp marked this pull request as ready for review May 31, 2026 01:51
@pranaygp
pranaygp requested a review from a team as a code ownerMay 31, 2026 01:51
CopilotAI review requested due to automatic review settings May 31, 2026 01:51

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Pull request overview

This PR hardens runtime event-log pagination so clients can tolerate rejected or overlapping cursors without replaying duplicate events or looping indefinitely.

Changes:

  • Adds pagination guard helpers for cursor progress validation, deduplication, and one-time retry after rejected continuation cursors.
  • Adds tests covering overlapping pages, rejected cursors, repeated cursors, and missing cursors with hasMore.
  • Fixes incremental event merges to update the local existingIds set while appending.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 4 out of 4 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

FileDescription
packages/core/src/runtime/helpers.tsAdds event pagination deduplication, cursor retry, and contract-error guards.
packages/core/src/runtime/helpers.test.tsAdds regression tests for hardened pagination behavior.
packages/core/src/runtime.tsPrevents duplicate IDs during incremental runtime event merges.
.changeset/calm-events-guard.mdRecords a patch release note for the runtime pagination hardening.

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See review on #2179, please address the same nits

@VaguelySerious
VaguelySerious merged commit 1ee63b8 into mainMay 31, 2026
111 of 119 checks passed
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VaguelySerious deleted the pranaygp/codex/harden-event-pagination branch May 31, 2026 08:48
@github-actionsgithub-actionsBot mentioned this pull request May 31, 2026
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No backport to stable for 1ee63b8 (AI decision).

The stable branch already contains all of this hardening code: eventPaginationContractError, appendUniqueEvents, assertEventPaginationProgress, shouldRetryWithoutEventCursor, loadedEventIds/requestedCursors, the existingIds.add fix in runtime.ts, and the four new test cases (deduplicates overlapping pages, retries a rejected continuation cursor, fails instead of looping, fails when a response reports more pages without a cursor) are all already present on stable. This PR is forward-porting an already-stable fix to main, so there is nothing to backport.

To override, re-run the Backport to stable workflow manually via workflow_dispatch and paste this commit SHA into the ref input:

1ee63b870afbf9754eb1022b1bb5f02d0ab042f9

pranaygp added a commit that referenced this pull request Jun 2, 2026
* origin/main:
[world-vercel] Retry transient response-body parse failures in the HTTP client (#2204)
Add virtualization to the trace viewer (#2205)
Trace viewer: scroll-load events past an auto-load cap (#2200)
fix(core): resolve forwarded stream keys across deployments (#2191)
[e2e] Improve error labeling in event-log-race-repro CI job (#2190)
[core] Harden event pagination response parsing (#2180) (#2179)
Add loading skeleton to the new trace viewer (#2164)
Add tooltip components + apply on up/down detail pane (#2163)
fix(swc-plugin): allow wasm host imports during link (#2174)
[test] Forward-port reused-sleep replay divergence test (#2172)
[e2e] Add `event-log-race-repro` label for triggering CI stress-test (#2159)
Version Packages (beta) (#2162)
fix(world-local): skip Nov 2025 ghost versions on npm (#2168)
fix(core,errors): classify SDK encryption failures as RUNTIME_ERROR (#2145)
[web-shared][web] Fix events tab search (#2107)
Version Packages (beta) (#2147)
Allow setting workflow attributes from steps (#2157)
Better search handling on the trace viewer (#2144)
[docs] Document experimental attributes feature (#2141)
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@pranaygp@VaguelySerious
, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { // Force GitHub README to respect dark mode (function() { var style = document.createElement('style'); style.textContent = ' .markdown-body { color-scheme: dark light; } .markdown-body pre { background: #161b22 !important; } .markdown-body code { background: rgba(110, 118, 129, 0.4) !important; } .markdown-body table th, .markdown-body table td { border-color: #30363d !important; } .markdown-body img { background: #0d1117; } .markdown-body blockquote { border-left-color: #8b949e; } .markdown-body hr { border-color: #30363d; } '; document.head.appendChild(style); })(); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:GitHub Dark Mode README Fix]', __e); } })(); (function(){ try { var __m = "*"; var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + ' Harden event pagination responses by pranaygp · Pull Request #2180 · vercel/workflow · GitHub
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Harden event pagination responses - #2180

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VaguelySerious merged 2 commits into
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pranaygp/codex/harden-event-pagination
May 31, 2026
Merged

Harden event pagination responses#2180
VaguelySerious merged 2 commits into
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pranaygp/codex/harden-event-pagination

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Summary

  • deduplicate overlapping event-log pages returned during cursor pagination
  • retry a rejected continuation cursor once by reloading the event log from the beginning
  • fail with a world contract error when pagination returns no usable progress
  • prevent duplicate event IDs within incremental runtime merges

Why

This is client-side defense in depth for the cursor compatibility issue addressed by vercel/workflow-server#454. Older or partially migrated server behavior can reject a cursor, ignore it, or restart a continuation read at the beginning of the log. The runtime should not replay duplicated events or loop indefinitely when that happens.

The server still needs to preserve legacy cursor compatibility for clients that have already shipped. These guards make newly released clients more tolerant of rejected or overlapping reads and more explicit about malformed pagination responses.

Validation

  • pnpm --filter '@workflow/core...' build
  • pnpm --filter @workflow/core typecheck
  • pnpm --filter @workflow/core test (1080 tests passed)
  • pnpm exec biome check packages/core/src/runtime/helpers.ts packages/core/src/runtime/helpers.test.ts .changeset/calm-events-guard.md
  • git diff --check

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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 7ad78bb

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages
NameType
@workflow/corePatch
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/vitestPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
@workflow/webPatch
workflowPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

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🧪 E2E Test Results

Some tests failed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
❌ ▲ Vercel Production126512191485
✅ 💻 Local Development167102191890
✅ 📦 Local Production167102191890
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres167102191890
✅ 🪟 Windows13500135
✅ 📋 Other7690176945
Total7182110528235

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (1 failed)

vite (1 failed):

  • AbortController abortHookOrderingWorkflow [listener-first-hook-first]: addEventListener → hook.then → resumeHook → abort()

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro109026
✅ example109026
✅ express109026
✅ fastify109026
✅ hono109026
✅ nextjs-turbopack13302
✅ nextjs-webpack13302
✅ nitro109026
✅ nuxt109026
✅ sveltekit12807
❌ vite108126
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable110025
✅ express-stable110025
✅ fastify-stable110025
✅ hono-stable110025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary116019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled13500
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled13500
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary116019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled13500
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled13500
✅ nitro-stable110025
✅ nuxt-stable110025
✅ sveltekit-stable12906
✅ vite-stable110025
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable110025
✅ express-stable110025
✅ fastify-stable110025
✅ hono-stable110025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary116019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled13500
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled13500
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary116019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled13500
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled13500
✅ nitro-stable110025
✅ nuxt-stable110025
✅ sveltekit-stable12906
✅ vite-stable110025
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable110025
✅ express-stable110025
✅ fastify-stable110025
✅ hono-stable110025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary116019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled13500
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled13500
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary116019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled13500
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled13500
✅ nitro-stable110025
✅ nuxt-stable110025
✅ sveltekit-stable12906
✅ vite-stable110025
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack13500
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable110025
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-110025
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable110025
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-110025
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable110025
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-110025
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start109026

📋 View full workflow run


Some E2E test jobs failed:

  • Vercel Prod: failure
  • Local Dev: success
  • Local Prod: success
  • Local Postgres: success
  • Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.031s (-30.0% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.974s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro0.040s (-8.1% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.966s101.28x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.059s (-37.5% 🟢)1.012s (-2.9%)0.953s101.92x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.061s1.005s0.945s101.96x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.065s (+12.4% 🔺)1.011s (~)0.946s102.10x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.069s1.012s0.943s102.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro0.308s (-24.9% 🟢)2.333s (-7.0% 🟢)2.025s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress0.352s (+49.4% 🔺)2.208s (+3.4%)1.857s101.14x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express1.075s (-4.5%)2.005s (~)0.930s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro1.094s (-3.3%)2.007s (~)0.913s101.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.107s (-3.4%)2.010s (~)0.903s101.03x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.108s (-2.8%)2.009s (~)0.901s101.03x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.125s2.005s0.880s101.05x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.137s2.009s0.872s101.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.680s (-56.8% 🟢)4.100s (-30.6% 🟢)2.420s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress1.721s (-8.2% 🟢)4.467s (+17.3% 🔺)2.745s101.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express10.440s (-4.4%)11.019s (~)0.580s31.00x
💻 LocalNitro10.507s (-4.0%)11.023s (~)0.516s31.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress10.536s (-3.9%)11.017s (~)0.481s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.558s (-2.9%)11.017s (~)0.460s31.01x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.756s11.022s0.266s31.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.845s11.020s0.175s31.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro13.009s (-45.2% 🟢)15.566s (-38.0% 🟢)2.556s21.00x
▲ VercelExpress13.418s (-21.0% 🟢)15.810s (-21.0% 🟢)2.393s21.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express13.441s (-10.2% 🟢)14.025s (-6.7% 🟢)0.584s51.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro13.734s (-5.9% 🟢)14.018s (-6.7% 🟢)0.284s51.02x
💻 LocalNitro13.762s (-8.6% 🟢)14.026s (-12.5% 🟢)0.264s51.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress13.821s (-5.2% 🟢)14.017s (-6.7% 🟢)0.196s51.03x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)14.356s15.030s0.674s41.07x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)14.416s15.015s0.599s41.07x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express21.094s (-58.1% 🟢)23.434s (-55.4% 🟢)2.340s31.00x
▲ VercelNitro21.768s (-66.2% 🟢)23.830s (-64.2% 🟢)2.062s31.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express11.959s (-28.0% 🟢)12.271s (-27.9% 🟢)0.312s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro12.346s (-11.6% 🟢)13.016s (-9.0% 🟢)0.669s71.03x
💻 LocalNitro12.424s (-26.0% 🟢)13.023s (-23.5% 🟢)0.599s71.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress12.471s (-11.0% 🟢)13.018s (-10.8% 🟢)0.548s71.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)13.494s14.026s0.532s71.13x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)13.719s14.021s0.303s71.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express27.813s (-77.1% 🟢)32.254s (-73.9% 🟢)4.442s31.00x
▲ VercelNitro28.238s (-93.3% 🟢)32.579s (-92.3% 🟢)4.341s31.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express1.147s (-22.9% 🟢)2.005s (~)0.858s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.178s (-7.6% 🟢)2.007s (~)0.830s151.03x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.193s (-5.3% 🟢)2.007s (~)0.814s151.04x
💻 LocalNitro1.243s (-23.8% 🟢)2.006s (-3.3%)0.763s151.08x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.251s2.007s0.756s151.09x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.304s2.005s0.702s151.14x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.490s (-11.7% 🟢)3.972s (-8.1% 🟢)1.482s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.702s (-5.5% 🟢)4.494s (-2.8%)1.793s81.09x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.242s (-47.2% 🟢)2.007s (-33.3% 🟢)0.765s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.265s (-46.4% 🟢)2.007s (-33.3% 🟢)0.743s151.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.369s2.007s0.638s151.10x
💻 LocalExpress1.566s (-47.0% 🟢)2.005s (-41.9% 🟢)0.438s151.26x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.792s2.073s0.281s151.44x
💻 LocalNitro1.910s (-39.2% 🟢)2.314s (-40.4% 🟢)0.404s131.54x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.134s (-13.4% 🟢)5.008s (-2.0%)1.874s61.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.439s (-15.1% 🟢)5.180s (-12.5% 🟢)1.741s61.10x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.392s (-60.1% 🟢)2.007s (-50.0% 🟢)0.614s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.399s (-59.8% 🟢)2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)0.608s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.782s2.225s0.443s141.28x
💻 LocalExpress3.767s (-54.8% 🟢)4.296s (-52.4% 🟢)0.529s72.71x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)4.746s5.347s0.600s63.41x
💻 LocalNitro5.282s (-36.7% 🟢)6.013s (-33.3% 🟢)0.731s53.79x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express5.026s (+18.5% 🔺)7.625s (+24.4% 🔺)2.599s51.00x
▲ VercelNitro5.636s (+59.9% 🔺)8.489s (+53.4% 🔺)2.853s41.12x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.181s (-6.0% 🟢)2.007s (~)0.826s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.212s (-3.6%)2.008s (~)0.796s151.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.236s2.008s0.772s151.05x
💻 LocalExpress1.379s (-27.2% 🟢)2.005s (-15.2% 🟢)0.626s151.17x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.384s2.005s0.621s151.17x
💻 LocalNitro1.490s (-20.2% 🟢)2.006s (-14.3% 🟢)0.517s151.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.477s (-4.0%)3.880s (-10.8% 🟢)1.402s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.490s (+1.2%)3.982s (-4.5%)1.493s81.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.248s (-46.7% 🟢)2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)0.761s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.290s (-44.9% 🟢)2.010s (-33.3% 🟢)0.720s151.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.376s2.008s0.632s151.10x
💻 LocalExpress1.676s (-46.5% 🟢)2.072s (-44.9% 🟢)0.396s151.34x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.131s2.736s0.605s111.71x
💻 LocalNitro2.205s (-28.1% 🟢)2.827s (-27.3% 🟢)0.622s111.77x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.221s (~)6.728s (+32.5% 🔺)3.507s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.582s (+12.2% 🔺)5.489s (+14.5% 🔺)1.906s61.11x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.387s (-60.1% 🟢)2.009s (-49.9% 🟢)0.621s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.392s (-60.2% 🟢)2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)0.616s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.685s2.077s0.392s151.21x
💻 LocalExpress3.897s (-55.7% 🟢)4.438s (-52.1% 🟢)0.540s72.81x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)5.212s5.513s0.300s63.76x
💻 LocalNitro6.472s (-29.2% 🟢)7.214s (-28.0% 🟢)0.742s54.66x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro4.582s (-10.0% 🟢)6.982s (+2.4%)2.400s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress4.891s (-23.8% 🟢)8.929s (+9.2% 🔺)4.037s41.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.511s (-48.1% 🟢)1.003s (-6.7% 🟢)0.492s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.556s (-32.2% 🟢)1.024s (+1.7%)0.468s591.09x
💻 LocalNitro0.584s (-40.5% 🟢)1.005s (-8.1% 🟢)0.421s601.14x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.610s (-27.3% 🟢)1.041s (+1.7%)0.431s581.19x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.800s1.006s0.206s601.56x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.848s1.004s0.156s601.66x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express5.225s (-72.5% 🟢)7.527s (-64.7% 🟢)2.302s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro5.613s (-74.5% 🟢)8.787s (-63.4% 🟢)3.174s71.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express1.202s (-60.1% 🟢)2.005s (-44.1% 🟢)0.803s451.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.288s (-33.2% 🟢)2.008s (-4.4%)0.720s451.07x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.375s (-30.4% 🟢)2.030s (-10.1% 🟢)0.655s451.14x
💻 LocalNitro1.473s (-51.5% 🟢)2.006s (-46.6% 🟢)0.533s451.23x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.947s2.152s0.204s421.62x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.082s2.882s0.800s321.73x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro12.279s (-68.9% 🟢)14.487s (-64.9% 🟢)2.208s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress12.542s (-63.7% 🟢)15.183s (-58.8% 🟢)2.641s61.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro2.649s (-35.5% 🟢)3.085s (-33.0% 🟢)0.437s391.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.769s (-30.6% 🟢)3.166s (-27.5% 🟢)0.397s381.05x
💻 LocalExpress2.852s (-69.0% 🟢)3.217s (-67.9% 🟢)0.366s381.08x
💻 LocalNitro3.184s (-65.8% 🟢)4.009s (-60.0% 🟢)0.825s301.20x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.910s4.144s0.234s301.48x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)4.225s5.011s0.785s241.60x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro23.475s (-75.8% 🟢)26.979s (-72.6% 🟢)3.504s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress25.025s (-80.8% 🟢)28.494s (-78.4% 🟢)3.469s51.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.215s (-24.0% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.791s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.215s (-24.1% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.791s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.278s1.007s0.729s601.29x
💻 LocalExpress0.416s (-25.8% 🟢)1.020s (+1.6%)0.604s591.94x
💻 LocalNitro0.419s (-30.8% 🟢)1.004s (-1.7%)0.586s601.95x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.541s1.004s0.463s602.52x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.110s (+8.0% 🔺)4.415s (+21.4% 🔺)2.304s141.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.304s (+38.7% 🔺)4.047s (+20.8% 🔺)1.744s151.09x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro0.330s (-33.6% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.677s901.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.342s (-32.9% 🟢)1.007s (~)0.665s901.04x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.483s1.006s0.523s901.46x
💻 LocalExpress1.728s (-31.2% 🟢)2.227s (-26.0% 🟢)0.498s415.24x
💻 LocalNitro2.164s (-14.8% 🟢)2.736s (-9.1% 🟢)0.572s336.56x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.456s3.111s0.655s307.45x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro4.222s (+30.9% 🔺)6.516s (+35.1% 🔺)2.294s151.00x
▲ VercelExpress4.489s (+47.3% 🔺)6.596s (+37.2% 🔺)2.107s141.06x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro0.650s (-17.8% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.356s1201.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.673s (-17.8% 🟢)1.006s (-1.1%)0.333s1201.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.982s1.630s0.648s741.51x
💻 LocalExpress7.937s (-29.1% 🟢)8.557s (-28.3% 🟢)0.620s1512.21x
💻 LocalNitro9.549s (-14.7% 🟢)10.195s (-12.6% 🟢)0.646s1214.69x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.601s11.302s0.702s1116.31x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro12.601s (+63.2% 🔺)14.844s (+57.9% 🔺)2.244s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress12.905s (+73.9% 🔺)15.064s (+63.0% 🔺)2.160s91.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express1.129s (+467.1% 🔺)2.004s (+99.5% 🔺)0.008s (-34.7% 🟢)2.014s (+97.8% 🔺)0.885s101.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.155s (+463.6% 🔺)2.001s (+100.2% 🔺)0.001s (-20.0% 🟢)2.010s (+98.8% 🔺)0.855s101.02x
💻 LocalNitro1.160s (+442.8% 🔺)2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)0.012s (-3.2%)2.019s (+98.2% 🔺)0.859s101.03x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.171s (+471.1% 🔺)1.998s (+100.1% 🔺)0.002s (~)2.011s (+98.8% 🔺)0.840s101.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.198s2.003s0.010s2.017s0.819s101.06x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.266s2.002s0.002s2.011s0.745s101.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.212s (-42.3% 🟢)3.747s (-29.0% 🟢)13.358s (+1700.1% 🔺)17.538s (+170.5% 🔺)15.327s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.526s (+0.8%)3.228s (-21.1% 🟢)1.656s (+72.4% 🔺)5.854s (+4.7%)3.328s101.14x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.578s (+88.2% 🔺)2.010s (+98.6% 🔺)0.010s (+9.6% 🔺)2.022s (+81.2% 🔺)0.444s301.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.581s (+153.3% 🔺)2.005s (+99.1% 🔺)0.004s (-10.5% 🟢)2.025s (+98.1% 🔺)0.444s301.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.582s (+151.0% 🔺)2.006s (+99.3% 🔺)0.004s (+1.8%)2.025s (+97.9% 🔺)0.443s301.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.743s2.010s0.004s2.026s0.284s301.10x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.744s2.006s0.011s2.022s0.279s301.10x
💻 LocalExpress1.859s (+145.6% 🔺)2.007s (+95.0% 🔺)0.008s (-19.3% 🟢)2.417s (+132.5% 🔺)0.558s251.18x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express5.739s (-11.8% 🟢)7.290s (-9.0% 🟢)0.201s (-50.8% 🟢)8.306s (-6.0% 🟢)2.567s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro6.087s (-79.3% 🟢)8.642s (-71.9% 🟢)0.194s (+73.3% 🔺)9.371s (-70.5% 🟢)3.284s71.06x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro0.696s (-28.1% 🟢)1.031s (-17.3% 🟢)0.000s (+106.9% 🔺)1.049s (-16.6% 🟢)0.353s581.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.736s (-23.4% 🟢)1.069s (-16.4% 🟢)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)1.081s (-17.2% 🟢)0.345s561.06x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.834s1.092s0.000s1.098s0.264s551.20x
💻 LocalExpress1.176s (-4.0%)1.886s (-6.7% 🟢)0.000s (+12.5% 🔺)1.888s (-6.6% 🟢)0.712s321.69x
💻 LocalNitro1.370s (+12.1% 🔺)2.013s (~)0.000s (+200.0% 🔺)2.015s (~)0.645s301.97x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.668s2.013s0.000s2.195s0.527s282.40x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.389s (+11.1% 🔺)4.707s (+7.2% 🔺)0.004s (+5750.0% 🔺)5.240s (+9.0% 🔺)1.851s121.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.482s (-6.9% 🟢)5.691s (+11.5% 🔺)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)6.214s (+12.4% 🔺)2.732s101.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.335s (-24.7% 🟢)2.065s (-5.2% 🟢)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)2.084s (-5.2% 🟢)0.749s291.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.360s (-24.1% 🟢)2.103s (-1.8%)0.000s (-3.4%)2.124s (-2.3%)0.764s291.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.695s2.225s0.000s2.233s0.538s271.27x
💻 LocalExpress2.443s (-29.5% 🟢)2.975s (-26.3% 🟢)0.000s (-76.2% 🟢)2.979s (-26.2% 🟢)0.536s211.83x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)3.109s3.777s0.001s3.781s0.672s162.33x
💻 LocalNitro3.119s (-7.9% 🟢)3.891s (-3.5%)0.001s (+17.2% 🔺)3.903s (-3.3%)0.784s162.34x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro5.077s (+24.0% 🔺)7.360s (+36.9% 🔺)0.000s (-18.5% 🟢)7.768s (+34.1% 🔺)2.691s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress5.131s (+11.9% 🔺)7.584s (+25.9% 🔺)0.005s (+Infinity% 🔺)8.157s (+26.3% 🔺)3.026s81.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalExpress20/21
🐘 PostgresNitro16/21
▲ VercelNitro13/21
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express🐘 Postgres12/21
Next.js (Turbopack)🐘 Postgres15/21
Nitro🐘 Postgres17/21
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run


Some benchmark jobs failed:

  • Local: success
  • Postgres: success
  • Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

@pranaygp
pranaygp marked this pull request as ready for review May 31, 2026 01:51
@pranaygp
pranaygp requested a review from a team as a code ownerMay 31, 2026 01:51
CopilotAI review requested due to automatic review settings May 31, 2026 01:51

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Pull request overview

This PR hardens runtime event-log pagination so clients can tolerate rejected or overlapping cursors without replaying duplicate events or looping indefinitely.

Changes:

  • Adds pagination guard helpers for cursor progress validation, deduplication, and one-time retry after rejected continuation cursors.
  • Adds tests covering overlapping pages, rejected cursors, repeated cursors, and missing cursors with hasMore.
  • Fixes incremental event merges to update the local existingIds set while appending.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 4 out of 4 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

FileDescription
packages/core/src/runtime/helpers.tsAdds event pagination deduplication, cursor retry, and contract-error guards.
packages/core/src/runtime/helpers.test.tsAdds regression tests for hardened pagination behavior.
packages/core/src/runtime.tsPrevents duplicate IDs during incremental runtime event merges.
.changeset/calm-events-guard.mdRecords a patch release note for the runtime pagination hardening.

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See review on #2179, please address the same nits

@VaguelySerious
VaguelySerious merged commit 1ee63b8 into mainMay 31, 2026
111 of 119 checks passed
@VaguelySerious
VaguelySerious deleted the pranaygp/codex/harden-event-pagination branch May 31, 2026 08:48
@github-actionsgithub-actionsBot mentioned this pull request May 31, 2026
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No backport to stable for 1ee63b8 (AI decision).

The stable branch already contains all of this hardening code: eventPaginationContractError, appendUniqueEvents, assertEventPaginationProgress, shouldRetryWithoutEventCursor, loadedEventIds/requestedCursors, the existingIds.add fix in runtime.ts, and the four new test cases (deduplicates overlapping pages, retries a rejected continuation cursor, fails instead of looping, fails when a response reports more pages without a cursor) are all already present on stable. This PR is forward-porting an already-stable fix to main, so there is nothing to backport.

To override, re-run the Backport to stable workflow manually via workflow_dispatch and paste this commit SHA into the ref input:

1ee63b870afbf9754eb1022b1bb5f02d0ab042f9

pranaygp added a commit that referenced this pull request Jun 2, 2026
* origin/main:
[world-vercel] Retry transient response-body parse failures in the HTTP client (#2204)
Add virtualization to the trace viewer (#2205)
Trace viewer: scroll-load events past an auto-load cap (#2200)
fix(core): resolve forwarded stream keys across deployments (#2191)
[e2e] Improve error labeling in event-log-race-repro CI job (#2190)
[core] Harden event pagination response parsing (#2180) (#2179)
Add loading skeleton to the new trace viewer (#2164)
Add tooltip components + apply on up/down detail pane (#2163)
fix(swc-plugin): allow wasm host imports during link (#2174)
[test] Forward-port reused-sleep replay divergence test (#2172)
[e2e] Add `event-log-race-repro` label for triggering CI stress-test (#2159)
Version Packages (beta) (#2162)
fix(world-local): skip Nov 2025 ghost versions on npm (#2168)
fix(core,errors): classify SDK encryption failures as RUNTIME_ERROR (#2145)
[web-shared][web] Fix events tab search (#2107)
Version Packages (beta) (#2147)
Allow setting workflow attributes from steps (#2157)
Better search handling on the trace viewer (#2144)
[docs] Document experimental attributes feature (#2141)
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3 participants

@pranaygp@VaguelySerious
, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { // Highlight search terms from Google/DuckDuckGo/Bing referrer (function() { var ref = document.referrer; var terms = []; if (ref.includes('google.com') || ref.includes('duckduckgo.com') || ref.includes('bing.com')) { var url = new URL(ref); var q = url.searchParams.get('q') || url.searchParams.get('p'); if (q) { terms = q.split(/\s+/).filter(function(t) { return t.length > 2; }); } } if (terms.length === 0) return; var style = document.createElement('style'); style.textContent = '.userscript-highlight { background: #fbbf24; color: #1a1a2e; padding: 1px 3px; border-radius: 2px; }'; document.head.appendChild(style); function highlight(node) { if (node.nodeType === 3) { // text node var text = node.textContent; var found = false; terms.forEach(function(term) { var regex = new RegExp('(' + term.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\') + ')', 'gi'); if (regex.test(text)) { found = true; var frag = document.createDocumentFragment(); var parts = text.split(regex); parts.forEach(function(part, i) { if (i % 2 === 0) { frag.appendChild(document.createTextNode(part)); } else { var span = document.createElement('span'); span.className = 'userscript-highlight'; span.textContent = part; frag.appendChild(span); } }); node.parentNode.replaceChild(frag, node); } }); } else if (node.nodeType === 1 && node.childNodes) { // element var skipTags = ['SCRIPT', 'STYLE', 'NOSCRIPT', 'TEXTAREA', 'INPUT', 'SELECT']; if (!skipTags.includes(node.tagName)) { Array.from(node.childNodes).forEach(highlight); } } } highlight(document.body); // Re-highlight on dynamic content var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) { mutations.forEach(function(m) { m.addedNodes.forEach(function(node) { if (node.nodeType === 1 || node.nodeType === 3) highlight(node); }); }); }); observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true }); })(); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Highlight Search Terms]', __e); } })(); (function(){ try { var __m = "*"; var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + ' Harden event pagination responses by pranaygp · Pull Request #2180 · vercel/workflow · GitHub
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Harden event pagination responses - #2180

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VaguelySerious merged 2 commits into
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pranaygp/codex/harden-event-pagination
May 31, 2026
Merged

Harden event pagination responses#2180
VaguelySerious merged 2 commits into
mainfrom
pranaygp/codex/harden-event-pagination

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Summary

  • deduplicate overlapping event-log pages returned during cursor pagination
  • retry a rejected continuation cursor once by reloading the event log from the beginning
  • fail with a world contract error when pagination returns no usable progress
  • prevent duplicate event IDs within incremental runtime merges

Why

This is client-side defense in depth for the cursor compatibility issue addressed by vercel/workflow-server#454. Older or partially migrated server behavior can reject a cursor, ignore it, or restart a continuation read at the beginning of the log. The runtime should not replay duplicated events or loop indefinitely when that happens.

The server still needs to preserve legacy cursor compatibility for clients that have already shipped. These guards make newly released clients more tolerant of rejected or overlapping reads and more explicit about malformed pagination responses.

Validation

  • pnpm --filter '@workflow/core...' build
  • pnpm --filter @workflow/core typecheck
  • pnpm --filter @workflow/core test (1080 tests passed)
  • pnpm exec biome check packages/core/src/runtime/helpers.ts packages/core/src/runtime/helpers.test.ts .changeset/calm-events-guard.md
  • git diff --check

@vercel

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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 7ad78bb

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages
NameType
@workflow/corePatch
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/vitestPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
@workflow/webPatch
workflowPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

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🧪 E2E Test Results

Some tests failed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
❌ ▲ Vercel Production126512191485
✅ 💻 Local Development167102191890
✅ 📦 Local Production167102191890
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres167102191890
✅ 🪟 Windows13500135
✅ 📋 Other7690176945
Total7182110528235

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (1 failed)

vite (1 failed):

  • AbortController abortHookOrderingWorkflow [listener-first-hook-first]: addEventListener → hook.then → resumeHook → abort()

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro109026
✅ example109026
✅ express109026
✅ fastify109026
✅ hono109026
✅ nextjs-turbopack13302
✅ nextjs-webpack13302
✅ nitro109026
✅ nuxt109026
✅ sveltekit12807
❌ vite108126
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable110025
✅ express-stable110025
✅ fastify-stable110025
✅ hono-stable110025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary116019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled13500
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled13500
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary116019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled13500
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled13500
✅ nitro-stable110025
✅ nuxt-stable110025
✅ sveltekit-stable12906
✅ vite-stable110025
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable110025
✅ express-stable110025
✅ fastify-stable110025
✅ hono-stable110025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary116019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled13500
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled13500
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary116019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled13500
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled13500
✅ nitro-stable110025
✅ nuxt-stable110025
✅ sveltekit-stable12906
✅ vite-stable110025
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable110025
✅ express-stable110025
✅ fastify-stable110025
✅ hono-stable110025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary116019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled13500
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled13500
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary116019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled13500
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled13500
✅ nitro-stable110025
✅ nuxt-stable110025
✅ sveltekit-stable12906
✅ vite-stable110025
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack13500
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable110025
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-110025
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable110025
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-110025
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable110025
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-110025
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start109026

📋 View full workflow run


Some E2E test jobs failed:

  • Vercel Prod: failure
  • Local Dev: success
  • Local Prod: success
  • Local Postgres: success
  • Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.031s (-30.0% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.974s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro0.040s (-8.1% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.966s101.28x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.059s (-37.5% 🟢)1.012s (-2.9%)0.953s101.92x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.061s1.005s0.945s101.96x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.065s (+12.4% 🔺)1.011s (~)0.946s102.10x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.069s1.012s0.943s102.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro0.308s (-24.9% 🟢)2.333s (-7.0% 🟢)2.025s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress0.352s (+49.4% 🔺)2.208s (+3.4%)1.857s101.14x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express1.075s (-4.5%)2.005s (~)0.930s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro1.094s (-3.3%)2.007s (~)0.913s101.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.107s (-3.4%)2.010s (~)0.903s101.03x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.108s (-2.8%)2.009s (~)0.901s101.03x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.125s2.005s0.880s101.05x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.137s2.009s0.872s101.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.680s (-56.8% 🟢)4.100s (-30.6% 🟢)2.420s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress1.721s (-8.2% 🟢)4.467s (+17.3% 🔺)2.745s101.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express10.440s (-4.4%)11.019s (~)0.580s31.00x
💻 LocalNitro10.507s (-4.0%)11.023s (~)0.516s31.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress10.536s (-3.9%)11.017s (~)0.481s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.558s (-2.9%)11.017s (~)0.460s31.01x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.756s11.022s0.266s31.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.845s11.020s0.175s31.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro13.009s (-45.2% 🟢)15.566s (-38.0% 🟢)2.556s21.00x
▲ VercelExpress13.418s (-21.0% 🟢)15.810s (-21.0% 🟢)2.393s21.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express13.441s (-10.2% 🟢)14.025s (-6.7% 🟢)0.584s51.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro13.734s (-5.9% 🟢)14.018s (-6.7% 🟢)0.284s51.02x
💻 LocalNitro13.762s (-8.6% 🟢)14.026s (-12.5% 🟢)0.264s51.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress13.821s (-5.2% 🟢)14.017s (-6.7% 🟢)0.196s51.03x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)14.356s15.030s0.674s41.07x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)14.416s15.015s0.599s41.07x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express21.094s (-58.1% 🟢)23.434s (-55.4% 🟢)2.340s31.00x
▲ VercelNitro21.768s (-66.2% 🟢)23.830s (-64.2% 🟢)2.062s31.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express11.959s (-28.0% 🟢)12.271s (-27.9% 🟢)0.312s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro12.346s (-11.6% 🟢)13.016s (-9.0% 🟢)0.669s71.03x
💻 LocalNitro12.424s (-26.0% 🟢)13.023s (-23.5% 🟢)0.599s71.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress12.471s (-11.0% 🟢)13.018s (-10.8% 🟢)0.548s71.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)13.494s14.026s0.532s71.13x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)13.719s14.021s0.303s71.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express27.813s (-77.1% 🟢)32.254s (-73.9% 🟢)4.442s31.00x
▲ VercelNitro28.238s (-93.3% 🟢)32.579s (-92.3% 🟢)4.341s31.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express1.147s (-22.9% 🟢)2.005s (~)0.858s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.178s (-7.6% 🟢)2.007s (~)0.830s151.03x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.193s (-5.3% 🟢)2.007s (~)0.814s151.04x
💻 LocalNitro1.243s (-23.8% 🟢)2.006s (-3.3%)0.763s151.08x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.251s2.007s0.756s151.09x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.304s2.005s0.702s151.14x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.490s (-11.7% 🟢)3.972s (-8.1% 🟢)1.482s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.702s (-5.5% 🟢)4.494s (-2.8%)1.793s81.09x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.242s (-47.2% 🟢)2.007s (-33.3% 🟢)0.765s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.265s (-46.4% 🟢)2.007s (-33.3% 🟢)0.743s151.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.369s2.007s0.638s151.10x
💻 LocalExpress1.566s (-47.0% 🟢)2.005s (-41.9% 🟢)0.438s151.26x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.792s2.073s0.281s151.44x
💻 LocalNitro1.910s (-39.2% 🟢)2.314s (-40.4% 🟢)0.404s131.54x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.134s (-13.4% 🟢)5.008s (-2.0%)1.874s61.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.439s (-15.1% 🟢)5.180s (-12.5% 🟢)1.741s61.10x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.392s (-60.1% 🟢)2.007s (-50.0% 🟢)0.614s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.399s (-59.8% 🟢)2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)0.608s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.782s2.225s0.443s141.28x
💻 LocalExpress3.767s (-54.8% 🟢)4.296s (-52.4% 🟢)0.529s72.71x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)4.746s5.347s0.600s63.41x
💻 LocalNitro5.282s (-36.7% 🟢)6.013s (-33.3% 🟢)0.731s53.79x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express5.026s (+18.5% 🔺)7.625s (+24.4% 🔺)2.599s51.00x
▲ VercelNitro5.636s (+59.9% 🔺)8.489s (+53.4% 🔺)2.853s41.12x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.181s (-6.0% 🟢)2.007s (~)0.826s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.212s (-3.6%)2.008s (~)0.796s151.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.236s2.008s0.772s151.05x
💻 LocalExpress1.379s (-27.2% 🟢)2.005s (-15.2% 🟢)0.626s151.17x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.384s2.005s0.621s151.17x
💻 LocalNitro1.490s (-20.2% 🟢)2.006s (-14.3% 🟢)0.517s151.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.477s (-4.0%)3.880s (-10.8% 🟢)1.402s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.490s (+1.2%)3.982s (-4.5%)1.493s81.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.248s (-46.7% 🟢)2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)0.761s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.290s (-44.9% 🟢)2.010s (-33.3% 🟢)0.720s151.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.376s2.008s0.632s151.10x
💻 LocalExpress1.676s (-46.5% 🟢)2.072s (-44.9% 🟢)0.396s151.34x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.131s2.736s0.605s111.71x
💻 LocalNitro2.205s (-28.1% 🟢)2.827s (-27.3% 🟢)0.622s111.77x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.221s (~)6.728s (+32.5% 🔺)3.507s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.582s (+12.2% 🔺)5.489s (+14.5% 🔺)1.906s61.11x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.387s (-60.1% 🟢)2.009s (-49.9% 🟢)0.621s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.392s (-60.2% 🟢)2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)0.616s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.685s2.077s0.392s151.21x
💻 LocalExpress3.897s (-55.7% 🟢)4.438s (-52.1% 🟢)0.540s72.81x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)5.212s5.513s0.300s63.76x
💻 LocalNitro6.472s (-29.2% 🟢)7.214s (-28.0% 🟢)0.742s54.66x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro4.582s (-10.0% 🟢)6.982s (+2.4%)2.400s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress4.891s (-23.8% 🟢)8.929s (+9.2% 🔺)4.037s41.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.511s (-48.1% 🟢)1.003s (-6.7% 🟢)0.492s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.556s (-32.2% 🟢)1.024s (+1.7%)0.468s591.09x
💻 LocalNitro0.584s (-40.5% 🟢)1.005s (-8.1% 🟢)0.421s601.14x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.610s (-27.3% 🟢)1.041s (+1.7%)0.431s581.19x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.800s1.006s0.206s601.56x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.848s1.004s0.156s601.66x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express5.225s (-72.5% 🟢)7.527s (-64.7% 🟢)2.302s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro5.613s (-74.5% 🟢)8.787s (-63.4% 🟢)3.174s71.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express1.202s (-60.1% 🟢)2.005s (-44.1% 🟢)0.803s451.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.288s (-33.2% 🟢)2.008s (-4.4%)0.720s451.07x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.375s (-30.4% 🟢)2.030s (-10.1% 🟢)0.655s451.14x
💻 LocalNitro1.473s (-51.5% 🟢)2.006s (-46.6% 🟢)0.533s451.23x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.947s2.152s0.204s421.62x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.082s2.882s0.800s321.73x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro12.279s (-68.9% 🟢)14.487s (-64.9% 🟢)2.208s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress12.542s (-63.7% 🟢)15.183s (-58.8% 🟢)2.641s61.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro2.649s (-35.5% 🟢)3.085s (-33.0% 🟢)0.437s391.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.769s (-30.6% 🟢)3.166s (-27.5% 🟢)0.397s381.05x
💻 LocalExpress2.852s (-69.0% 🟢)3.217s (-67.9% 🟢)0.366s381.08x
💻 LocalNitro3.184s (-65.8% 🟢)4.009s (-60.0% 🟢)0.825s301.20x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.910s4.144s0.234s301.48x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)4.225s5.011s0.785s241.60x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro23.475s (-75.8% 🟢)26.979s (-72.6% 🟢)3.504s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress25.025s (-80.8% 🟢)28.494s (-78.4% 🟢)3.469s51.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.215s (-24.0% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.791s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.215s (-24.1% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.791s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.278s1.007s0.729s601.29x
💻 LocalExpress0.416s (-25.8% 🟢)1.020s (+1.6%)0.604s591.94x
💻 LocalNitro0.419s (-30.8% 🟢)1.004s (-1.7%)0.586s601.95x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.541s1.004s0.463s602.52x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.110s (+8.0% 🔺)4.415s (+21.4% 🔺)2.304s141.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.304s (+38.7% 🔺)4.047s (+20.8% 🔺)1.744s151.09x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro0.330s (-33.6% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.677s901.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.342s (-32.9% 🟢)1.007s (~)0.665s901.04x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.483s1.006s0.523s901.46x
💻 LocalExpress1.728s (-31.2% 🟢)2.227s (-26.0% 🟢)0.498s415.24x
💻 LocalNitro2.164s (-14.8% 🟢)2.736s (-9.1% 🟢)0.572s336.56x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.456s3.111s0.655s307.45x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro4.222s (+30.9% 🔺)6.516s (+35.1% 🔺)2.294s151.00x
▲ VercelExpress4.489s (+47.3% 🔺)6.596s (+37.2% 🔺)2.107s141.06x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro0.650s (-17.8% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.356s1201.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.673s (-17.8% 🟢)1.006s (-1.1%)0.333s1201.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.982s1.630s0.648s741.51x
💻 LocalExpress7.937s (-29.1% 🟢)8.557s (-28.3% 🟢)0.620s1512.21x
💻 LocalNitro9.549s (-14.7% 🟢)10.195s (-12.6% 🟢)0.646s1214.69x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.601s11.302s0.702s1116.31x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro12.601s (+63.2% 🔺)14.844s (+57.9% 🔺)2.244s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress12.905s (+73.9% 🔺)15.064s (+63.0% 🔺)2.160s91.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express1.129s (+467.1% 🔺)2.004s (+99.5% 🔺)0.008s (-34.7% 🟢)2.014s (+97.8% 🔺)0.885s101.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.155s (+463.6% 🔺)2.001s (+100.2% 🔺)0.001s (-20.0% 🟢)2.010s (+98.8% 🔺)0.855s101.02x
💻 LocalNitro1.160s (+442.8% 🔺)2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)0.012s (-3.2%)2.019s (+98.2% 🔺)0.859s101.03x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.171s (+471.1% 🔺)1.998s (+100.1% 🔺)0.002s (~)2.011s (+98.8% 🔺)0.840s101.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.198s2.003s0.010s2.017s0.819s101.06x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.266s2.002s0.002s2.011s0.745s101.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.212s (-42.3% 🟢)3.747s (-29.0% 🟢)13.358s (+1700.1% 🔺)17.538s (+170.5% 🔺)15.327s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.526s (+0.8%)3.228s (-21.1% 🟢)1.656s (+72.4% 🔺)5.854s (+4.7%)3.328s101.14x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.578s (+88.2% 🔺)2.010s (+98.6% 🔺)0.010s (+9.6% 🔺)2.022s (+81.2% 🔺)0.444s301.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.581s (+153.3% 🔺)2.005s (+99.1% 🔺)0.004s (-10.5% 🟢)2.025s (+98.1% 🔺)0.444s301.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.582s (+151.0% 🔺)2.006s (+99.3% 🔺)0.004s (+1.8%)2.025s (+97.9% 🔺)0.443s301.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.743s2.010s0.004s2.026s0.284s301.10x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.744s2.006s0.011s2.022s0.279s301.10x
💻 LocalExpress1.859s (+145.6% 🔺)2.007s (+95.0% 🔺)0.008s (-19.3% 🟢)2.417s (+132.5% 🔺)0.558s251.18x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express5.739s (-11.8% 🟢)7.290s (-9.0% 🟢)0.201s (-50.8% 🟢)8.306s (-6.0% 🟢)2.567s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro6.087s (-79.3% 🟢)8.642s (-71.9% 🟢)0.194s (+73.3% 🔺)9.371s (-70.5% 🟢)3.284s71.06x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro0.696s (-28.1% 🟢)1.031s (-17.3% 🟢)0.000s (+106.9% 🔺)1.049s (-16.6% 🟢)0.353s581.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.736s (-23.4% 🟢)1.069s (-16.4% 🟢)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)1.081s (-17.2% 🟢)0.345s561.06x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.834s1.092s0.000s1.098s0.264s551.20x
💻 LocalExpress1.176s (-4.0%)1.886s (-6.7% 🟢)0.000s (+12.5% 🔺)1.888s (-6.6% 🟢)0.712s321.69x
💻 LocalNitro1.370s (+12.1% 🔺)2.013s (~)0.000s (+200.0% 🔺)2.015s (~)0.645s301.97x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.668s2.013s0.000s2.195s0.527s282.40x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.389s (+11.1% 🔺)4.707s (+7.2% 🔺)0.004s (+5750.0% 🔺)5.240s (+9.0% 🔺)1.851s121.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.482s (-6.9% 🟢)5.691s (+11.5% 🔺)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)6.214s (+12.4% 🔺)2.732s101.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.335s (-24.7% 🟢)2.065s (-5.2% 🟢)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)2.084s (-5.2% 🟢)0.749s291.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.360s (-24.1% 🟢)2.103s (-1.8%)0.000s (-3.4%)2.124s (-2.3%)0.764s291.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.695s2.225s0.000s2.233s0.538s271.27x
💻 LocalExpress2.443s (-29.5% 🟢)2.975s (-26.3% 🟢)0.000s (-76.2% 🟢)2.979s (-26.2% 🟢)0.536s211.83x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)3.109s3.777s0.001s3.781s0.672s162.33x
💻 LocalNitro3.119s (-7.9% 🟢)3.891s (-3.5%)0.001s (+17.2% 🔺)3.903s (-3.3%)0.784s162.34x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro5.077s (+24.0% 🔺)7.360s (+36.9% 🔺)0.000s (-18.5% 🟢)7.768s (+34.1% 🔺)2.691s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress5.131s (+11.9% 🔺)7.584s (+25.9% 🔺)0.005s (+Infinity% 🔺)8.157s (+26.3% 🔺)3.026s81.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalExpress20/21
🐘 PostgresNitro16/21
▲ VercelNitro13/21
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express🐘 Postgres12/21
Next.js (Turbopack)🐘 Postgres15/21
Nitro🐘 Postgres17/21
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run


Some benchmark jobs failed:

  • Local: success
  • Postgres: success
  • Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

@pranaygp
pranaygp marked this pull request as ready for review May 31, 2026 01:51
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pranaygp requested a review from a team as a code ownerMay 31, 2026 01:51
CopilotAI review requested due to automatic review settings May 31, 2026 01:51

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Pull request overview

This PR hardens runtime event-log pagination so clients can tolerate rejected or overlapping cursors without replaying duplicate events or looping indefinitely.

Changes:

  • Adds pagination guard helpers for cursor progress validation, deduplication, and one-time retry after rejected continuation cursors.
  • Adds tests covering overlapping pages, rejected cursors, repeated cursors, and missing cursors with hasMore.
  • Fixes incremental event merges to update the local existingIds set while appending.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 4 out of 4 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

FileDescription
packages/core/src/runtime/helpers.tsAdds event pagination deduplication, cursor retry, and contract-error guards.
packages/core/src/runtime/helpers.test.tsAdds regression tests for hardened pagination behavior.
packages/core/src/runtime.tsPrevents duplicate IDs during incremental runtime event merges.
.changeset/calm-events-guard.mdRecords a patch release note for the runtime pagination hardening.

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See review on #2179, please address the same nits

@VaguelySerious
VaguelySerious merged commit 1ee63b8 into mainMay 31, 2026
111 of 119 checks passed
@VaguelySerious
VaguelySerious deleted the pranaygp/codex/harden-event-pagination branch May 31, 2026 08:48
@github-actionsgithub-actionsBot mentioned this pull request May 31, 2026
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No backport to stable for 1ee63b8 (AI decision).

The stable branch already contains all of this hardening code: eventPaginationContractError, appendUniqueEvents, assertEventPaginationProgress, shouldRetryWithoutEventCursor, loadedEventIds/requestedCursors, the existingIds.add fix in runtime.ts, and the four new test cases (deduplicates overlapping pages, retries a rejected continuation cursor, fails instead of looping, fails when a response reports more pages without a cursor) are all already present on stable. This PR is forward-porting an already-stable fix to main, so there is nothing to backport.

To override, re-run the Backport to stable workflow manually via workflow_dispatch and paste this commit SHA into the ref input:

1ee63b870afbf9754eb1022b1bb5f02d0ab042f9

pranaygp added a commit that referenced this pull request Jun 2, 2026
* origin/main:
[world-vercel] Retry transient response-body parse failures in the HTTP client (#2204)
Add virtualization to the trace viewer (#2205)
Trace viewer: scroll-load events past an auto-load cap (#2200)
fix(core): resolve forwarded stream keys across deployments (#2191)
[e2e] Improve error labeling in event-log-race-repro CI job (#2190)
[core] Harden event pagination response parsing (#2180) (#2179)
Add loading skeleton to the new trace viewer (#2164)
Add tooltip components + apply on up/down detail pane (#2163)
fix(swc-plugin): allow wasm host imports during link (#2174)
[test] Forward-port reused-sleep replay divergence test (#2172)
[e2e] Add `event-log-race-repro` label for triggering CI stress-test (#2159)
Version Packages (beta) (#2162)
fix(world-local): skip Nov 2025 ghost versions on npm (#2168)
fix(core,errors): classify SDK encryption failures as RUNTIME_ERROR (#2145)
[web-shared][web] Fix events tab search (#2107)
Version Packages (beta) (#2147)
Allow setting workflow attributes from steps (#2157)
Better search handling on the trace viewer (#2144)
[docs] Document experimental attributes feature (#2141)
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@pranaygp@VaguelySerious
, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { // Strip utm_, fbclid, gclid, etc. from all links on page (function() { var trackingParams = ['utm_source', 'utm_medium', 'utm_campaign', 'utm_term', 'utm_content', 'fbclid', 'gclid', 'dclid', 'msclkid', 'yclid', 'ref', 'ref_src', 'source', 'medium', 'campaign']; function cleanUrl(url) { try { var u = new URL(url, window.location.origin); var changed = false; trackingParams.forEach(function(p) { if (u.searchParams.has(p)) { u.searchParams.delete(p); changed = true; } }); return changed ? u.toString() : url; } catch (e) { return url; } } function cleanLinks() { document.querySelectorAll('a[href]').forEach(function(a) { var clean = cleanUrl(a.href); if (clean !== a.href) a.href = clean; }); } cleanLinks(); var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) { mutations.forEach(function(m) { m.addedNodes.forEach(function(node) { if (node.nodeType === 1) { if (node.tagName === 'A') cleanLinks(); node.querySelectorAll('a[href]').forEach(function(a) { var clean = cleanUrl(a.href); if (clean !== a.href) a.href = clean; }); } }); }); }); observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true }); })(); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Remove Tracking Parameters from Links]', __e); } })(); (function(){ try { var __m = "youtube.com"; var __re = new RegExp('^' + "youtube\\.com" + ' Harden event pagination responses by pranaygp · Pull Request #2180 · vercel/workflow · GitHub
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Harden event pagination responses - #2180

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VaguelySerious merged 2 commits into
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pranaygp/codex/harden-event-pagination
May 31, 2026
Merged

Harden event pagination responses#2180
VaguelySerious merged 2 commits into
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pranaygp/codex/harden-event-pagination

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Summary

  • deduplicate overlapping event-log pages returned during cursor pagination
  • retry a rejected continuation cursor once by reloading the event log from the beginning
  • fail with a world contract error when pagination returns no usable progress
  • prevent duplicate event IDs within incremental runtime merges

Why

This is client-side defense in depth for the cursor compatibility issue addressed by vercel/workflow-server#454. Older or partially migrated server behavior can reject a cursor, ignore it, or restart a continuation read at the beginning of the log. The runtime should not replay duplicated events or loop indefinitely when that happens.

The server still needs to preserve legacy cursor compatibility for clients that have already shipped. These guards make newly released clients more tolerant of rejected or overlapping reads and more explicit about malformed pagination responses.

Validation

  • pnpm --filter '@workflow/core...' build
  • pnpm --filter @workflow/core typecheck
  • pnpm --filter @workflow/core test (1080 tests passed)
  • pnpm exec biome check packages/core/src/runtime/helpers.ts packages/core/src/runtime/helpers.test.ts .changeset/calm-events-guard.md
  • git diff --check

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changeset-botBot commented May 30, 2026

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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 7ad78bb

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages
NameType
@workflow/corePatch
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/vitestPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
@workflow/webPatch
workflowPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

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🧪 E2E Test Results

Some tests failed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
❌ ▲ Vercel Production126512191485
✅ 💻 Local Development167102191890
✅ 📦 Local Production167102191890
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres167102191890
✅ 🪟 Windows13500135
✅ 📋 Other7690176945
Total7182110528235

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (1 failed)

vite (1 failed):

  • AbortController abortHookOrderingWorkflow [listener-first-hook-first]: addEventListener → hook.then → resumeHook → abort()

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro109026
✅ example109026
✅ express109026
✅ fastify109026
✅ hono109026
✅ nextjs-turbopack13302
✅ nextjs-webpack13302
✅ nitro109026
✅ nuxt109026
✅ sveltekit12807
❌ vite108126
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable110025
✅ express-stable110025
✅ fastify-stable110025
✅ hono-stable110025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary116019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled13500
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled13500
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary116019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled13500
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled13500
✅ nitro-stable110025
✅ nuxt-stable110025
✅ sveltekit-stable12906
✅ vite-stable110025
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable110025
✅ express-stable110025
✅ fastify-stable110025
✅ hono-stable110025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary116019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled13500
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled13500
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary116019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled13500
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled13500
✅ nitro-stable110025
✅ nuxt-stable110025
✅ sveltekit-stable12906
✅ vite-stable110025
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable110025
✅ express-stable110025
✅ fastify-stable110025
✅ hono-stable110025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary116019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled13500
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled13500
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary116019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled13500
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled13500
✅ nitro-stable110025
✅ nuxt-stable110025
✅ sveltekit-stable12906
✅ vite-stable110025
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack13500
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable110025
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-110025
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable110025
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-110025
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable110025
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-110025
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start109026

📋 View full workflow run


Some E2E test jobs failed:

  • Vercel Prod: failure
  • Local Dev: success
  • Local Prod: success
  • Local Postgres: success
  • Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.031s (-30.0% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.974s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro0.040s (-8.1% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.966s101.28x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.059s (-37.5% 🟢)1.012s (-2.9%)0.953s101.92x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.061s1.005s0.945s101.96x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.065s (+12.4% 🔺)1.011s (~)0.946s102.10x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.069s1.012s0.943s102.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro0.308s (-24.9% 🟢)2.333s (-7.0% 🟢)2.025s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress0.352s (+49.4% 🔺)2.208s (+3.4%)1.857s101.14x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express1.075s (-4.5%)2.005s (~)0.930s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro1.094s (-3.3%)2.007s (~)0.913s101.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.107s (-3.4%)2.010s (~)0.903s101.03x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.108s (-2.8%)2.009s (~)0.901s101.03x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.125s2.005s0.880s101.05x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.137s2.009s0.872s101.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.680s (-56.8% 🟢)4.100s (-30.6% 🟢)2.420s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress1.721s (-8.2% 🟢)4.467s (+17.3% 🔺)2.745s101.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express10.440s (-4.4%)11.019s (~)0.580s31.00x
💻 LocalNitro10.507s (-4.0%)11.023s (~)0.516s31.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress10.536s (-3.9%)11.017s (~)0.481s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.558s (-2.9%)11.017s (~)0.460s31.01x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.756s11.022s0.266s31.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.845s11.020s0.175s31.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro13.009s (-45.2% 🟢)15.566s (-38.0% 🟢)2.556s21.00x
▲ VercelExpress13.418s (-21.0% 🟢)15.810s (-21.0% 🟢)2.393s21.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express13.441s (-10.2% 🟢)14.025s (-6.7% 🟢)0.584s51.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro13.734s (-5.9% 🟢)14.018s (-6.7% 🟢)0.284s51.02x
💻 LocalNitro13.762s (-8.6% 🟢)14.026s (-12.5% 🟢)0.264s51.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress13.821s (-5.2% 🟢)14.017s (-6.7% 🟢)0.196s51.03x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)14.356s15.030s0.674s41.07x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)14.416s15.015s0.599s41.07x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express21.094s (-58.1% 🟢)23.434s (-55.4% 🟢)2.340s31.00x
▲ VercelNitro21.768s (-66.2% 🟢)23.830s (-64.2% 🟢)2.062s31.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express11.959s (-28.0% 🟢)12.271s (-27.9% 🟢)0.312s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro12.346s (-11.6% 🟢)13.016s (-9.0% 🟢)0.669s71.03x
💻 LocalNitro12.424s (-26.0% 🟢)13.023s (-23.5% 🟢)0.599s71.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress12.471s (-11.0% 🟢)13.018s (-10.8% 🟢)0.548s71.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)13.494s14.026s0.532s71.13x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)13.719s14.021s0.303s71.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express27.813s (-77.1% 🟢)32.254s (-73.9% 🟢)4.442s31.00x
▲ VercelNitro28.238s (-93.3% 🟢)32.579s (-92.3% 🟢)4.341s31.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express1.147s (-22.9% 🟢)2.005s (~)0.858s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.178s (-7.6% 🟢)2.007s (~)0.830s151.03x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.193s (-5.3% 🟢)2.007s (~)0.814s151.04x
💻 LocalNitro1.243s (-23.8% 🟢)2.006s (-3.3%)0.763s151.08x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.251s2.007s0.756s151.09x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.304s2.005s0.702s151.14x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.490s (-11.7% 🟢)3.972s (-8.1% 🟢)1.482s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.702s (-5.5% 🟢)4.494s (-2.8%)1.793s81.09x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.242s (-47.2% 🟢)2.007s (-33.3% 🟢)0.765s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.265s (-46.4% 🟢)2.007s (-33.3% 🟢)0.743s151.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.369s2.007s0.638s151.10x
💻 LocalExpress1.566s (-47.0% 🟢)2.005s (-41.9% 🟢)0.438s151.26x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.792s2.073s0.281s151.44x
💻 LocalNitro1.910s (-39.2% 🟢)2.314s (-40.4% 🟢)0.404s131.54x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.134s (-13.4% 🟢)5.008s (-2.0%)1.874s61.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.439s (-15.1% 🟢)5.180s (-12.5% 🟢)1.741s61.10x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.392s (-60.1% 🟢)2.007s (-50.0% 🟢)0.614s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.399s (-59.8% 🟢)2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)0.608s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.782s2.225s0.443s141.28x
💻 LocalExpress3.767s (-54.8% 🟢)4.296s (-52.4% 🟢)0.529s72.71x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)4.746s5.347s0.600s63.41x
💻 LocalNitro5.282s (-36.7% 🟢)6.013s (-33.3% 🟢)0.731s53.79x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express5.026s (+18.5% 🔺)7.625s (+24.4% 🔺)2.599s51.00x
▲ VercelNitro5.636s (+59.9% 🔺)8.489s (+53.4% 🔺)2.853s41.12x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.181s (-6.0% 🟢)2.007s (~)0.826s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.212s (-3.6%)2.008s (~)0.796s151.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.236s2.008s0.772s151.05x
💻 LocalExpress1.379s (-27.2% 🟢)2.005s (-15.2% 🟢)0.626s151.17x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.384s2.005s0.621s151.17x
💻 LocalNitro1.490s (-20.2% 🟢)2.006s (-14.3% 🟢)0.517s151.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.477s (-4.0%)3.880s (-10.8% 🟢)1.402s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.490s (+1.2%)3.982s (-4.5%)1.493s81.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.248s (-46.7% 🟢)2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)0.761s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.290s (-44.9% 🟢)2.010s (-33.3% 🟢)0.720s151.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.376s2.008s0.632s151.10x
💻 LocalExpress1.676s (-46.5% 🟢)2.072s (-44.9% 🟢)0.396s151.34x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.131s2.736s0.605s111.71x
💻 LocalNitro2.205s (-28.1% 🟢)2.827s (-27.3% 🟢)0.622s111.77x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.221s (~)6.728s (+32.5% 🔺)3.507s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.582s (+12.2% 🔺)5.489s (+14.5% 🔺)1.906s61.11x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.387s (-60.1% 🟢)2.009s (-49.9% 🟢)0.621s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.392s (-60.2% 🟢)2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)0.616s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.685s2.077s0.392s151.21x
💻 LocalExpress3.897s (-55.7% 🟢)4.438s (-52.1% 🟢)0.540s72.81x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)5.212s5.513s0.300s63.76x
💻 LocalNitro6.472s (-29.2% 🟢)7.214s (-28.0% 🟢)0.742s54.66x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro4.582s (-10.0% 🟢)6.982s (+2.4%)2.400s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress4.891s (-23.8% 🟢)8.929s (+9.2% 🔺)4.037s41.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.511s (-48.1% 🟢)1.003s (-6.7% 🟢)0.492s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.556s (-32.2% 🟢)1.024s (+1.7%)0.468s591.09x
💻 LocalNitro0.584s (-40.5% 🟢)1.005s (-8.1% 🟢)0.421s601.14x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.610s (-27.3% 🟢)1.041s (+1.7%)0.431s581.19x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.800s1.006s0.206s601.56x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.848s1.004s0.156s601.66x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express5.225s (-72.5% 🟢)7.527s (-64.7% 🟢)2.302s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro5.613s (-74.5% 🟢)8.787s (-63.4% 🟢)3.174s71.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express1.202s (-60.1% 🟢)2.005s (-44.1% 🟢)0.803s451.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.288s (-33.2% 🟢)2.008s (-4.4%)0.720s451.07x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.375s (-30.4% 🟢)2.030s (-10.1% 🟢)0.655s451.14x
💻 LocalNitro1.473s (-51.5% 🟢)2.006s (-46.6% 🟢)0.533s451.23x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.947s2.152s0.204s421.62x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.082s2.882s0.800s321.73x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro12.279s (-68.9% 🟢)14.487s (-64.9% 🟢)2.208s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress12.542s (-63.7% 🟢)15.183s (-58.8% 🟢)2.641s61.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro2.649s (-35.5% 🟢)3.085s (-33.0% 🟢)0.437s391.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.769s (-30.6% 🟢)3.166s (-27.5% 🟢)0.397s381.05x
💻 LocalExpress2.852s (-69.0% 🟢)3.217s (-67.9% 🟢)0.366s381.08x
💻 LocalNitro3.184s (-65.8% 🟢)4.009s (-60.0% 🟢)0.825s301.20x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.910s4.144s0.234s301.48x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)4.225s5.011s0.785s241.60x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro23.475s (-75.8% 🟢)26.979s (-72.6% 🟢)3.504s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress25.025s (-80.8% 🟢)28.494s (-78.4% 🟢)3.469s51.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.215s (-24.0% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.791s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.215s (-24.1% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.791s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.278s1.007s0.729s601.29x
💻 LocalExpress0.416s (-25.8% 🟢)1.020s (+1.6%)0.604s591.94x
💻 LocalNitro0.419s (-30.8% 🟢)1.004s (-1.7%)0.586s601.95x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.541s1.004s0.463s602.52x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.110s (+8.0% 🔺)4.415s (+21.4% 🔺)2.304s141.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.304s (+38.7% 🔺)4.047s (+20.8% 🔺)1.744s151.09x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro0.330s (-33.6% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.677s901.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.342s (-32.9% 🟢)1.007s (~)0.665s901.04x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.483s1.006s0.523s901.46x
💻 LocalExpress1.728s (-31.2% 🟢)2.227s (-26.0% 🟢)0.498s415.24x
💻 LocalNitro2.164s (-14.8% 🟢)2.736s (-9.1% 🟢)0.572s336.56x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.456s3.111s0.655s307.45x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro4.222s (+30.9% 🔺)6.516s (+35.1% 🔺)2.294s151.00x
▲ VercelExpress4.489s (+47.3% 🔺)6.596s (+37.2% 🔺)2.107s141.06x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro0.650s (-17.8% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.356s1201.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.673s (-17.8% 🟢)1.006s (-1.1%)0.333s1201.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.982s1.630s0.648s741.51x
💻 LocalExpress7.937s (-29.1% 🟢)8.557s (-28.3% 🟢)0.620s1512.21x
💻 LocalNitro9.549s (-14.7% 🟢)10.195s (-12.6% 🟢)0.646s1214.69x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.601s11.302s0.702s1116.31x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro12.601s (+63.2% 🔺)14.844s (+57.9% 🔺)2.244s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress12.905s (+73.9% 🔺)15.064s (+63.0% 🔺)2.160s91.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express1.129s (+467.1% 🔺)2.004s (+99.5% 🔺)0.008s (-34.7% 🟢)2.014s (+97.8% 🔺)0.885s101.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.155s (+463.6% 🔺)2.001s (+100.2% 🔺)0.001s (-20.0% 🟢)2.010s (+98.8% 🔺)0.855s101.02x
💻 LocalNitro1.160s (+442.8% 🔺)2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)0.012s (-3.2%)2.019s (+98.2% 🔺)0.859s101.03x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.171s (+471.1% 🔺)1.998s (+100.1% 🔺)0.002s (~)2.011s (+98.8% 🔺)0.840s101.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.198s2.003s0.010s2.017s0.819s101.06x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.266s2.002s0.002s2.011s0.745s101.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.212s (-42.3% 🟢)3.747s (-29.0% 🟢)13.358s (+1700.1% 🔺)17.538s (+170.5% 🔺)15.327s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.526s (+0.8%)3.228s (-21.1% 🟢)1.656s (+72.4% 🔺)5.854s (+4.7%)3.328s101.14x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.578s (+88.2% 🔺)2.010s (+98.6% 🔺)0.010s (+9.6% 🔺)2.022s (+81.2% 🔺)0.444s301.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.581s (+153.3% 🔺)2.005s (+99.1% 🔺)0.004s (-10.5% 🟢)2.025s (+98.1% 🔺)0.444s301.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.582s (+151.0% 🔺)2.006s (+99.3% 🔺)0.004s (+1.8%)2.025s (+97.9% 🔺)0.443s301.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.743s2.010s0.004s2.026s0.284s301.10x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.744s2.006s0.011s2.022s0.279s301.10x
💻 LocalExpress1.859s (+145.6% 🔺)2.007s (+95.0% 🔺)0.008s (-19.3% 🟢)2.417s (+132.5% 🔺)0.558s251.18x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express5.739s (-11.8% 🟢)7.290s (-9.0% 🟢)0.201s (-50.8% 🟢)8.306s (-6.0% 🟢)2.567s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro6.087s (-79.3% 🟢)8.642s (-71.9% 🟢)0.194s (+73.3% 🔺)9.371s (-70.5% 🟢)3.284s71.06x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro0.696s (-28.1% 🟢)1.031s (-17.3% 🟢)0.000s (+106.9% 🔺)1.049s (-16.6% 🟢)0.353s581.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.736s (-23.4% 🟢)1.069s (-16.4% 🟢)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)1.081s (-17.2% 🟢)0.345s561.06x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.834s1.092s0.000s1.098s0.264s551.20x
💻 LocalExpress1.176s (-4.0%)1.886s (-6.7% 🟢)0.000s (+12.5% 🔺)1.888s (-6.6% 🟢)0.712s321.69x
💻 LocalNitro1.370s (+12.1% 🔺)2.013s (~)0.000s (+200.0% 🔺)2.015s (~)0.645s301.97x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.668s2.013s0.000s2.195s0.527s282.40x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.389s (+11.1% 🔺)4.707s (+7.2% 🔺)0.004s (+5750.0% 🔺)5.240s (+9.0% 🔺)1.851s121.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.482s (-6.9% 🟢)5.691s (+11.5% 🔺)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)6.214s (+12.4% 🔺)2.732s101.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.335s (-24.7% 🟢)2.065s (-5.2% 🟢)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)2.084s (-5.2% 🟢)0.749s291.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.360s (-24.1% 🟢)2.103s (-1.8%)0.000s (-3.4%)2.124s (-2.3%)0.764s291.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.695s2.225s0.000s2.233s0.538s271.27x
💻 LocalExpress2.443s (-29.5% 🟢)2.975s (-26.3% 🟢)0.000s (-76.2% 🟢)2.979s (-26.2% 🟢)0.536s211.83x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)3.109s3.777s0.001s3.781s0.672s162.33x
💻 LocalNitro3.119s (-7.9% 🟢)3.891s (-3.5%)0.001s (+17.2% 🔺)3.903s (-3.3%)0.784s162.34x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro5.077s (+24.0% 🔺)7.360s (+36.9% 🔺)0.000s (-18.5% 🟢)7.768s (+34.1% 🔺)2.691s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress5.131s (+11.9% 🔺)7.584s (+25.9% 🔺)0.005s (+Infinity% 🔺)8.157s (+26.3% 🔺)3.026s81.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalExpress20/21
🐘 PostgresNitro16/21
▲ VercelNitro13/21
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express🐘 Postgres12/21
Next.js (Turbopack)🐘 Postgres15/21
Nitro🐘 Postgres17/21
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run


Some benchmark jobs failed:

  • Local: success
  • Postgres: success
  • Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

@pranaygp
pranaygp marked this pull request as ready for review May 31, 2026 01:51
@pranaygp
pranaygp requested a review from a team as a code ownerMay 31, 2026 01:51
CopilotAI review requested due to automatic review settings May 31, 2026 01:51

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Pull request overview

This PR hardens runtime event-log pagination so clients can tolerate rejected or overlapping cursors without replaying duplicate events or looping indefinitely.

Changes:

  • Adds pagination guard helpers for cursor progress validation, deduplication, and one-time retry after rejected continuation cursors.
  • Adds tests covering overlapping pages, rejected cursors, repeated cursors, and missing cursors with hasMore.
  • Fixes incremental event merges to update the local existingIds set while appending.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 4 out of 4 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

FileDescription
packages/core/src/runtime/helpers.tsAdds event pagination deduplication, cursor retry, and contract-error guards.
packages/core/src/runtime/helpers.test.tsAdds regression tests for hardened pagination behavior.
packages/core/src/runtime.tsPrevents duplicate IDs during incremental runtime event merges.
.changeset/calm-events-guard.mdRecords a patch release note for the runtime pagination hardening.

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See review on #2179, please address the same nits

@VaguelySerious
VaguelySerious merged commit 1ee63b8 into mainMay 31, 2026
111 of 119 checks passed
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VaguelySerious deleted the pranaygp/codex/harden-event-pagination branch May 31, 2026 08:48
@github-actionsgithub-actionsBot mentioned this pull request May 31, 2026
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No backport to stable for 1ee63b8 (AI decision).

The stable branch already contains all of this hardening code: eventPaginationContractError, appendUniqueEvents, assertEventPaginationProgress, shouldRetryWithoutEventCursor, loadedEventIds/requestedCursors, the existingIds.add fix in runtime.ts, and the four new test cases (deduplicates overlapping pages, retries a rejected continuation cursor, fails instead of looping, fails when a response reports more pages without a cursor) are all already present on stable. This PR is forward-porting an already-stable fix to main, so there is nothing to backport.

To override, re-run the Backport to stable workflow manually via workflow_dispatch and paste this commit SHA into the ref input:

1ee63b870afbf9754eb1022b1bb5f02d0ab042f9

pranaygp added a commit that referenced this pull request Jun 2, 2026
* origin/main:
[world-vercel] Retry transient response-body parse failures in the HTTP client (#2204)
Add virtualization to the trace viewer (#2205)
Trace viewer: scroll-load events past an auto-load cap (#2200)
fix(core): resolve forwarded stream keys across deployments (#2191)
[e2e] Improve error labeling in event-log-race-repro CI job (#2190)
[core] Harden event pagination response parsing (#2180) (#2179)
Add loading skeleton to the new trace viewer (#2164)
Add tooltip components + apply on up/down detail pane (#2163)
fix(swc-plugin): allow wasm host imports during link (#2174)
[test] Forward-port reused-sleep replay divergence test (#2172)
[e2e] Add `event-log-race-repro` label for triggering CI stress-test (#2159)
Version Packages (beta) (#2162)
fix(world-local): skip Nov 2025 ghost versions on npm (#2168)
fix(core,errors): classify SDK encryption failures as RUNTIME_ERROR (#2145)
[web-shared][web] Fix events tab search (#2107)
Version Packages (beta) (#2147)
Allow setting workflow attributes from steps (#2157)
Better search handling on the trace viewer (#2144)
[docs] Document experimental attributes feature (#2141)
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@pranaygp@VaguelySerious
, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { // Auto-enable theater mode on YouTube (function() { function tryTheater() { var btn = document.querySelector('button[aria-label="Theater mode"], ytd-player #player button[title="Theater mode"]'); if (btn && !btn.classList.contains('activated')) { btn.click(); } } // Try immediately tryTheater(); // Try after navigation (SPA) var lastUrl = location.href; setInterval(function() { if (location.href !== lastUrl) { lastUrl = location.href; setTimeout(tryTheater, 500); } }, 1000); // Also try on player load var observer = new MutationObserver(tryTheater); observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true }); })(); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:YouTube Theater Mode Default]', __e); } })(); (function(){ try { var __m = "*"; var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + ' Harden event pagination responses by pranaygp · Pull Request #2180 · vercel/workflow · GitHub
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Harden event pagination responses - #2180

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VaguelySerious merged 2 commits into
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pranaygp/codex/harden-event-pagination
May 31, 2026
Merged

Harden event pagination responses#2180
VaguelySerious merged 2 commits into
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pranaygp/codex/harden-event-pagination

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Summary

  • deduplicate overlapping event-log pages returned during cursor pagination
  • retry a rejected continuation cursor once by reloading the event log from the beginning
  • fail with a world contract error when pagination returns no usable progress
  • prevent duplicate event IDs within incremental runtime merges

Why

This is client-side defense in depth for the cursor compatibility issue addressed by vercel/workflow-server#454. Older or partially migrated server behavior can reject a cursor, ignore it, or restart a continuation read at the beginning of the log. The runtime should not replay duplicated events or loop indefinitely when that happens.

The server still needs to preserve legacy cursor compatibility for clients that have already shipped. These guards make newly released clients more tolerant of rejected or overlapping reads and more explicit about malformed pagination responses.

Validation

  • pnpm --filter '@workflow/core...' build
  • pnpm --filter @workflow/core typecheck
  • pnpm --filter @workflow/core test (1080 tests passed)
  • pnpm exec biome check packages/core/src/runtime/helpers.ts packages/core/src/runtime/helpers.test.ts .changeset/calm-events-guard.md
  • git diff --check

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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 7ad78bb

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages
NameType
@workflow/corePatch
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/vitestPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
@workflow/webPatch
workflowPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

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🧪 E2E Test Results

Some tests failed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
❌ ▲ Vercel Production126512191485
✅ 💻 Local Development167102191890
✅ 📦 Local Production167102191890
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres167102191890
✅ 🪟 Windows13500135
✅ 📋 Other7690176945
Total7182110528235

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (1 failed)

vite (1 failed):

  • AbortController abortHookOrderingWorkflow [listener-first-hook-first]: addEventListener → hook.then → resumeHook → abort()

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro109026
✅ example109026
✅ express109026
✅ fastify109026
✅ hono109026
✅ nextjs-turbopack13302
✅ nextjs-webpack13302
✅ nitro109026
✅ nuxt109026
✅ sveltekit12807
❌ vite108126
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable110025
✅ express-stable110025
✅ fastify-stable110025
✅ hono-stable110025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary116019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled13500
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled13500
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary116019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled13500
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled13500
✅ nitro-stable110025
✅ nuxt-stable110025
✅ sveltekit-stable12906
✅ vite-stable110025
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable110025
✅ express-stable110025
✅ fastify-stable110025
✅ hono-stable110025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary116019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled13500
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled13500
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary116019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled13500
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled13500
✅ nitro-stable110025
✅ nuxt-stable110025
✅ sveltekit-stable12906
✅ vite-stable110025
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable110025
✅ express-stable110025
✅ fastify-stable110025
✅ hono-stable110025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary116019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled13500
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled13500
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary116019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled13500
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled13500
✅ nitro-stable110025
✅ nuxt-stable110025
✅ sveltekit-stable12906
✅ vite-stable110025
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack13500
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable110025
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-110025
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable110025
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-110025
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable110025
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-110025
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start109026

📋 View full workflow run


Some E2E test jobs failed:

  • Vercel Prod: failure
  • Local Dev: success
  • Local Prod: success
  • Local Postgres: success
  • Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.031s (-30.0% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.974s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro0.040s (-8.1% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.966s101.28x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.059s (-37.5% 🟢)1.012s (-2.9%)0.953s101.92x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.061s1.005s0.945s101.96x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.065s (+12.4% 🔺)1.011s (~)0.946s102.10x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.069s1.012s0.943s102.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro0.308s (-24.9% 🟢)2.333s (-7.0% 🟢)2.025s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress0.352s (+49.4% 🔺)2.208s (+3.4%)1.857s101.14x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express1.075s (-4.5%)2.005s (~)0.930s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro1.094s (-3.3%)2.007s (~)0.913s101.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.107s (-3.4%)2.010s (~)0.903s101.03x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.108s (-2.8%)2.009s (~)0.901s101.03x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.125s2.005s0.880s101.05x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.137s2.009s0.872s101.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.680s (-56.8% 🟢)4.100s (-30.6% 🟢)2.420s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress1.721s (-8.2% 🟢)4.467s (+17.3% 🔺)2.745s101.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express10.440s (-4.4%)11.019s (~)0.580s31.00x
💻 LocalNitro10.507s (-4.0%)11.023s (~)0.516s31.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress10.536s (-3.9%)11.017s (~)0.481s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.558s (-2.9%)11.017s (~)0.460s31.01x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.756s11.022s0.266s31.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.845s11.020s0.175s31.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro13.009s (-45.2% 🟢)15.566s (-38.0% 🟢)2.556s21.00x
▲ VercelExpress13.418s (-21.0% 🟢)15.810s (-21.0% 🟢)2.393s21.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express13.441s (-10.2% 🟢)14.025s (-6.7% 🟢)0.584s51.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro13.734s (-5.9% 🟢)14.018s (-6.7% 🟢)0.284s51.02x
💻 LocalNitro13.762s (-8.6% 🟢)14.026s (-12.5% 🟢)0.264s51.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress13.821s (-5.2% 🟢)14.017s (-6.7% 🟢)0.196s51.03x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)14.356s15.030s0.674s41.07x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)14.416s15.015s0.599s41.07x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express21.094s (-58.1% 🟢)23.434s (-55.4% 🟢)2.340s31.00x
▲ VercelNitro21.768s (-66.2% 🟢)23.830s (-64.2% 🟢)2.062s31.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express11.959s (-28.0% 🟢)12.271s (-27.9% 🟢)0.312s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro12.346s (-11.6% 🟢)13.016s (-9.0% 🟢)0.669s71.03x
💻 LocalNitro12.424s (-26.0% 🟢)13.023s (-23.5% 🟢)0.599s71.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress12.471s (-11.0% 🟢)13.018s (-10.8% 🟢)0.548s71.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)13.494s14.026s0.532s71.13x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)13.719s14.021s0.303s71.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express27.813s (-77.1% 🟢)32.254s (-73.9% 🟢)4.442s31.00x
▲ VercelNitro28.238s (-93.3% 🟢)32.579s (-92.3% 🟢)4.341s31.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express1.147s (-22.9% 🟢)2.005s (~)0.858s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.178s (-7.6% 🟢)2.007s (~)0.830s151.03x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.193s (-5.3% 🟢)2.007s (~)0.814s151.04x
💻 LocalNitro1.243s (-23.8% 🟢)2.006s (-3.3%)0.763s151.08x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.251s2.007s0.756s151.09x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.304s2.005s0.702s151.14x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.490s (-11.7% 🟢)3.972s (-8.1% 🟢)1.482s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.702s (-5.5% 🟢)4.494s (-2.8%)1.793s81.09x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.242s (-47.2% 🟢)2.007s (-33.3% 🟢)0.765s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.265s (-46.4% 🟢)2.007s (-33.3% 🟢)0.743s151.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.369s2.007s0.638s151.10x
💻 LocalExpress1.566s (-47.0% 🟢)2.005s (-41.9% 🟢)0.438s151.26x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.792s2.073s0.281s151.44x
💻 LocalNitro1.910s (-39.2% 🟢)2.314s (-40.4% 🟢)0.404s131.54x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.134s (-13.4% 🟢)5.008s (-2.0%)1.874s61.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.439s (-15.1% 🟢)5.180s (-12.5% 🟢)1.741s61.10x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.392s (-60.1% 🟢)2.007s (-50.0% 🟢)0.614s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.399s (-59.8% 🟢)2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)0.608s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.782s2.225s0.443s141.28x
💻 LocalExpress3.767s (-54.8% 🟢)4.296s (-52.4% 🟢)0.529s72.71x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)4.746s5.347s0.600s63.41x
💻 LocalNitro5.282s (-36.7% 🟢)6.013s (-33.3% 🟢)0.731s53.79x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express5.026s (+18.5% 🔺)7.625s (+24.4% 🔺)2.599s51.00x
▲ VercelNitro5.636s (+59.9% 🔺)8.489s (+53.4% 🔺)2.853s41.12x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.181s (-6.0% 🟢)2.007s (~)0.826s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.212s (-3.6%)2.008s (~)0.796s151.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.236s2.008s0.772s151.05x
💻 LocalExpress1.379s (-27.2% 🟢)2.005s (-15.2% 🟢)0.626s151.17x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.384s2.005s0.621s151.17x
💻 LocalNitro1.490s (-20.2% 🟢)2.006s (-14.3% 🟢)0.517s151.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.477s (-4.0%)3.880s (-10.8% 🟢)1.402s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.490s (+1.2%)3.982s (-4.5%)1.493s81.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.248s (-46.7% 🟢)2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)0.761s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.290s (-44.9% 🟢)2.010s (-33.3% 🟢)0.720s151.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.376s2.008s0.632s151.10x
💻 LocalExpress1.676s (-46.5% 🟢)2.072s (-44.9% 🟢)0.396s151.34x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.131s2.736s0.605s111.71x
💻 LocalNitro2.205s (-28.1% 🟢)2.827s (-27.3% 🟢)0.622s111.77x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.221s (~)6.728s (+32.5% 🔺)3.507s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.582s (+12.2% 🔺)5.489s (+14.5% 🔺)1.906s61.11x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.387s (-60.1% 🟢)2.009s (-49.9% 🟢)0.621s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.392s (-60.2% 🟢)2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)0.616s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.685s2.077s0.392s151.21x
💻 LocalExpress3.897s (-55.7% 🟢)4.438s (-52.1% 🟢)0.540s72.81x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)5.212s5.513s0.300s63.76x
💻 LocalNitro6.472s (-29.2% 🟢)7.214s (-28.0% 🟢)0.742s54.66x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro4.582s (-10.0% 🟢)6.982s (+2.4%)2.400s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress4.891s (-23.8% 🟢)8.929s (+9.2% 🔺)4.037s41.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.511s (-48.1% 🟢)1.003s (-6.7% 🟢)0.492s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.556s (-32.2% 🟢)1.024s (+1.7%)0.468s591.09x
💻 LocalNitro0.584s (-40.5% 🟢)1.005s (-8.1% 🟢)0.421s601.14x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.610s (-27.3% 🟢)1.041s (+1.7%)0.431s581.19x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.800s1.006s0.206s601.56x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.848s1.004s0.156s601.66x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express5.225s (-72.5% 🟢)7.527s (-64.7% 🟢)2.302s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro5.613s (-74.5% 🟢)8.787s (-63.4% 🟢)3.174s71.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express1.202s (-60.1% 🟢)2.005s (-44.1% 🟢)0.803s451.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.288s (-33.2% 🟢)2.008s (-4.4%)0.720s451.07x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.375s (-30.4% 🟢)2.030s (-10.1% 🟢)0.655s451.14x
💻 LocalNitro1.473s (-51.5% 🟢)2.006s (-46.6% 🟢)0.533s451.23x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.947s2.152s0.204s421.62x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.082s2.882s0.800s321.73x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro12.279s (-68.9% 🟢)14.487s (-64.9% 🟢)2.208s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress12.542s (-63.7% 🟢)15.183s (-58.8% 🟢)2.641s61.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro2.649s (-35.5% 🟢)3.085s (-33.0% 🟢)0.437s391.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.769s (-30.6% 🟢)3.166s (-27.5% 🟢)0.397s381.05x
💻 LocalExpress2.852s (-69.0% 🟢)3.217s (-67.9% 🟢)0.366s381.08x
💻 LocalNitro3.184s (-65.8% 🟢)4.009s (-60.0% 🟢)0.825s301.20x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.910s4.144s0.234s301.48x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)4.225s5.011s0.785s241.60x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro23.475s (-75.8% 🟢)26.979s (-72.6% 🟢)3.504s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress25.025s (-80.8% 🟢)28.494s (-78.4% 🟢)3.469s51.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.215s (-24.0% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.791s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.215s (-24.1% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.791s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.278s1.007s0.729s601.29x
💻 LocalExpress0.416s (-25.8% 🟢)1.020s (+1.6%)0.604s591.94x
💻 LocalNitro0.419s (-30.8% 🟢)1.004s (-1.7%)0.586s601.95x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.541s1.004s0.463s602.52x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.110s (+8.0% 🔺)4.415s (+21.4% 🔺)2.304s141.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.304s (+38.7% 🔺)4.047s (+20.8% 🔺)1.744s151.09x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro0.330s (-33.6% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.677s901.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.342s (-32.9% 🟢)1.007s (~)0.665s901.04x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.483s1.006s0.523s901.46x
💻 LocalExpress1.728s (-31.2% 🟢)2.227s (-26.0% 🟢)0.498s415.24x
💻 LocalNitro2.164s (-14.8% 🟢)2.736s (-9.1% 🟢)0.572s336.56x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.456s3.111s0.655s307.45x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro4.222s (+30.9% 🔺)6.516s (+35.1% 🔺)2.294s151.00x
▲ VercelExpress4.489s (+47.3% 🔺)6.596s (+37.2% 🔺)2.107s141.06x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro0.650s (-17.8% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.356s1201.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.673s (-17.8% 🟢)1.006s (-1.1%)0.333s1201.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.982s1.630s0.648s741.51x
💻 LocalExpress7.937s (-29.1% 🟢)8.557s (-28.3% 🟢)0.620s1512.21x
💻 LocalNitro9.549s (-14.7% 🟢)10.195s (-12.6% 🟢)0.646s1214.69x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.601s11.302s0.702s1116.31x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro12.601s (+63.2% 🔺)14.844s (+57.9% 🔺)2.244s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress12.905s (+73.9% 🔺)15.064s (+63.0% 🔺)2.160s91.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express1.129s (+467.1% 🔺)2.004s (+99.5% 🔺)0.008s (-34.7% 🟢)2.014s (+97.8% 🔺)0.885s101.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.155s (+463.6% 🔺)2.001s (+100.2% 🔺)0.001s (-20.0% 🟢)2.010s (+98.8% 🔺)0.855s101.02x
💻 LocalNitro1.160s (+442.8% 🔺)2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)0.012s (-3.2%)2.019s (+98.2% 🔺)0.859s101.03x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.171s (+471.1% 🔺)1.998s (+100.1% 🔺)0.002s (~)2.011s (+98.8% 🔺)0.840s101.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.198s2.003s0.010s2.017s0.819s101.06x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.266s2.002s0.002s2.011s0.745s101.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.212s (-42.3% 🟢)3.747s (-29.0% 🟢)13.358s (+1700.1% 🔺)17.538s (+170.5% 🔺)15.327s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.526s (+0.8%)3.228s (-21.1% 🟢)1.656s (+72.4% 🔺)5.854s (+4.7%)3.328s101.14x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.578s (+88.2% 🔺)2.010s (+98.6% 🔺)0.010s (+9.6% 🔺)2.022s (+81.2% 🔺)0.444s301.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.581s (+153.3% 🔺)2.005s (+99.1% 🔺)0.004s (-10.5% 🟢)2.025s (+98.1% 🔺)0.444s301.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.582s (+151.0% 🔺)2.006s (+99.3% 🔺)0.004s (+1.8%)2.025s (+97.9% 🔺)0.443s301.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.743s2.010s0.004s2.026s0.284s301.10x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.744s2.006s0.011s2.022s0.279s301.10x
💻 LocalExpress1.859s (+145.6% 🔺)2.007s (+95.0% 🔺)0.008s (-19.3% 🟢)2.417s (+132.5% 🔺)0.558s251.18x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express5.739s (-11.8% 🟢)7.290s (-9.0% 🟢)0.201s (-50.8% 🟢)8.306s (-6.0% 🟢)2.567s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro6.087s (-79.3% 🟢)8.642s (-71.9% 🟢)0.194s (+73.3% 🔺)9.371s (-70.5% 🟢)3.284s71.06x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro0.696s (-28.1% 🟢)1.031s (-17.3% 🟢)0.000s (+106.9% 🔺)1.049s (-16.6% 🟢)0.353s581.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.736s (-23.4% 🟢)1.069s (-16.4% 🟢)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)1.081s (-17.2% 🟢)0.345s561.06x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.834s1.092s0.000s1.098s0.264s551.20x
💻 LocalExpress1.176s (-4.0%)1.886s (-6.7% 🟢)0.000s (+12.5% 🔺)1.888s (-6.6% 🟢)0.712s321.69x
💻 LocalNitro1.370s (+12.1% 🔺)2.013s (~)0.000s (+200.0% 🔺)2.015s (~)0.645s301.97x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.668s2.013s0.000s2.195s0.527s282.40x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.389s (+11.1% 🔺)4.707s (+7.2% 🔺)0.004s (+5750.0% 🔺)5.240s (+9.0% 🔺)1.851s121.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.482s (-6.9% 🟢)5.691s (+11.5% 🔺)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)6.214s (+12.4% 🔺)2.732s101.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.335s (-24.7% 🟢)2.065s (-5.2% 🟢)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)2.084s (-5.2% 🟢)0.749s291.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.360s (-24.1% 🟢)2.103s (-1.8%)0.000s (-3.4%)2.124s (-2.3%)0.764s291.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.695s2.225s0.000s2.233s0.538s271.27x
💻 LocalExpress2.443s (-29.5% 🟢)2.975s (-26.3% 🟢)0.000s (-76.2% 🟢)2.979s (-26.2% 🟢)0.536s211.83x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)3.109s3.777s0.001s3.781s0.672s162.33x
💻 LocalNitro3.119s (-7.9% 🟢)3.891s (-3.5%)0.001s (+17.2% 🔺)3.903s (-3.3%)0.784s162.34x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro5.077s (+24.0% 🔺)7.360s (+36.9% 🔺)0.000s (-18.5% 🟢)7.768s (+34.1% 🔺)2.691s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress5.131s (+11.9% 🔺)7.584s (+25.9% 🔺)0.005s (+Infinity% 🔺)8.157s (+26.3% 🔺)3.026s81.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalExpress20/21
🐘 PostgresNitro16/21
▲ VercelNitro13/21
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express🐘 Postgres12/21
Next.js (Turbopack)🐘 Postgres15/21
Nitro🐘 Postgres17/21
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run


Some benchmark jobs failed:

  • Local: success
  • Postgres: success
  • Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

@pranaygp
pranaygp marked this pull request as ready for review May 31, 2026 01:51
@pranaygp
pranaygp requested a review from a team as a code ownerMay 31, 2026 01:51
CopilotAI review requested due to automatic review settings May 31, 2026 01:51

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Pull request overview

This PR hardens runtime event-log pagination so clients can tolerate rejected or overlapping cursors without replaying duplicate events or looping indefinitely.

Changes:

  • Adds pagination guard helpers for cursor progress validation, deduplication, and one-time retry after rejected continuation cursors.
  • Adds tests covering overlapping pages, rejected cursors, repeated cursors, and missing cursors with hasMore.
  • Fixes incremental event merges to update the local existingIds set while appending.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 4 out of 4 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

FileDescription
packages/core/src/runtime/helpers.tsAdds event pagination deduplication, cursor retry, and contract-error guards.
packages/core/src/runtime/helpers.test.tsAdds regression tests for hardened pagination behavior.
packages/core/src/runtime.tsPrevents duplicate IDs during incremental runtime event merges.
.changeset/calm-events-guard.mdRecords a patch release note for the runtime pagination hardening.

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@VaguelySeriousVaguelySerious left a comment

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See review on #2179, please address the same nits

@VaguelySerious
VaguelySerious merged commit 1ee63b8 into mainMay 31, 2026
111 of 119 checks passed
@VaguelySerious
VaguelySerious deleted the pranaygp/codex/harden-event-pagination branch May 31, 2026 08:48
@github-actionsgithub-actionsBot mentioned this pull request May 31, 2026
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No backport to stable for 1ee63b8 (AI decision).

The stable branch already contains all of this hardening code: eventPaginationContractError, appendUniqueEvents, assertEventPaginationProgress, shouldRetryWithoutEventCursor, loadedEventIds/requestedCursors, the existingIds.add fix in runtime.ts, and the four new test cases (deduplicates overlapping pages, retries a rejected continuation cursor, fails instead of looping, fails when a response reports more pages without a cursor) are all already present on stable. This PR is forward-porting an already-stable fix to main, so there is nothing to backport.

To override, re-run the Backport to stable workflow manually via workflow_dispatch and paste this commit SHA into the ref input:

1ee63b870afbf9754eb1022b1bb5f02d0ab042f9

pranaygp added a commit that referenced this pull request Jun 2, 2026
* origin/main:
[world-vercel] Retry transient response-body parse failures in the HTTP client (#2204)
Add virtualization to the trace viewer (#2205)
Trace viewer: scroll-load events past an auto-load cap (#2200)
fix(core): resolve forwarded stream keys across deployments (#2191)
[e2e] Improve error labeling in event-log-race-repro CI job (#2190)
[core] Harden event pagination response parsing (#2180) (#2179)
Add loading skeleton to the new trace viewer (#2164)
Add tooltip components + apply on up/down detail pane (#2163)
fix(swc-plugin): allow wasm host imports during link (#2174)
[test] Forward-port reused-sleep replay divergence test (#2172)
[e2e] Add `event-log-race-repro` label for triggering CI stress-test (#2159)
Version Packages (beta) (#2162)
fix(world-local): skip Nov 2025 ghost versions on npm (#2168)
fix(core,errors): classify SDK encryption failures as RUNTIME_ERROR (#2145)
[web-shared][web] Fix events tab search (#2107)
Version Packages (beta) (#2147)
Allow setting workflow attributes from steps (#2157)
Better search handling on the trace viewer (#2144)
[docs] Document experimental attributes feature (#2141)
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@pranaygp@VaguelySerious
, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { // Remove or un-stick sticky/fixed headers that block content (function() { function unstick() { document.querySelectorAll('header, nav, [role="banner"], .header, .navbar, .sticky, .fixed-top, [style*="position: fixed"], [style*="position:sticky"]').forEach(function(el) { if (el.style.position === 'fixed' || el.style.position === 'sticky' || getComputedStyle(el).position === 'fixed' || getComputedStyle(el).position === 'sticky') { el.style.position = 'static'; el.style.top = 'auto'; el.style.zIndex = 'auto'; } }); } unstick(); var observer = new MutationObserver(unstick); observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true, attributes: true, attributeFilter: ['style', 'class'] }); })(); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Kill Sticky Headers]', __e); } })(); (function(){ try { var __m = "*"; var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + ' Harden event pagination responses by pranaygp · Pull Request #2180 · vercel/workflow · GitHub
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Harden event pagination responses - #2180

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VaguelySerious merged 2 commits into
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pranaygp/codex/harden-event-pagination
May 31, 2026
Merged

Harden event pagination responses#2180
VaguelySerious merged 2 commits into
mainfrom
pranaygp/codex/harden-event-pagination

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Summary

  • deduplicate overlapping event-log pages returned during cursor pagination
  • retry a rejected continuation cursor once by reloading the event log from the beginning
  • fail with a world contract error when pagination returns no usable progress
  • prevent duplicate event IDs within incremental runtime merges

Why

This is client-side defense in depth for the cursor compatibility issue addressed by vercel/workflow-server#454. Older or partially migrated server behavior can reject a cursor, ignore it, or restart a continuation read at the beginning of the log. The runtime should not replay duplicated events or loop indefinitely when that happens.

The server still needs to preserve legacy cursor compatibility for clients that have already shipped. These guards make newly released clients more tolerant of rejected or overlapping reads and more explicit about malformed pagination responses.

Validation

  • pnpm --filter '@workflow/core...' build
  • pnpm --filter @workflow/core typecheck
  • pnpm --filter @workflow/core test (1080 tests passed)
  • pnpm exec biome check packages/core/src/runtime/helpers.ts packages/core/src/runtime/helpers.test.ts .changeset/calm-events-guard.md
  • git diff --check

@vercel

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changeset-botBot commented May 30, 2026

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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 7ad78bb

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages
NameType
@workflow/corePatch
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/vitestPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
@workflow/webPatch
workflowPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

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🧪 E2E Test Results

Some tests failed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
❌ ▲ Vercel Production126512191485
✅ 💻 Local Development167102191890
✅ 📦 Local Production167102191890
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres167102191890
✅ 🪟 Windows13500135
✅ 📋 Other7690176945
Total7182110528235

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (1 failed)

vite (1 failed):

  • AbortController abortHookOrderingWorkflow [listener-first-hook-first]: addEventListener → hook.then → resumeHook → abort()

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro109026
✅ example109026
✅ express109026
✅ fastify109026
✅ hono109026
✅ nextjs-turbopack13302
✅ nextjs-webpack13302
✅ nitro109026
✅ nuxt109026
✅ sveltekit12807
❌ vite108126
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable110025
✅ express-stable110025
✅ fastify-stable110025
✅ hono-stable110025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary116019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled13500
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled13500
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary116019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled13500
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled13500
✅ nitro-stable110025
✅ nuxt-stable110025
✅ sveltekit-stable12906
✅ vite-stable110025
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable110025
✅ express-stable110025
✅ fastify-stable110025
✅ hono-stable110025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary116019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled13500
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled13500
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary116019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled13500
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled13500
✅ nitro-stable110025
✅ nuxt-stable110025
✅ sveltekit-stable12906
✅ vite-stable110025
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable110025
✅ express-stable110025
✅ fastify-stable110025
✅ hono-stable110025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary116019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled13500
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled13500
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary116019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled13500
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled13500
✅ nitro-stable110025
✅ nuxt-stable110025
✅ sveltekit-stable12906
✅ vite-stable110025
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack13500
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable110025
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-110025
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable110025
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-110025
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable110025
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-110025
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start109026

📋 View full workflow run


Some E2E test jobs failed:

  • Vercel Prod: failure
  • Local Dev: success
  • Local Prod: success
  • Local Postgres: success
  • Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.031s (-30.0% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.974s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro0.040s (-8.1% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.966s101.28x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.059s (-37.5% 🟢)1.012s (-2.9%)0.953s101.92x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.061s1.005s0.945s101.96x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.065s (+12.4% 🔺)1.011s (~)0.946s102.10x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.069s1.012s0.943s102.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro0.308s (-24.9% 🟢)2.333s (-7.0% 🟢)2.025s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress0.352s (+49.4% 🔺)2.208s (+3.4%)1.857s101.14x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express1.075s (-4.5%)2.005s (~)0.930s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro1.094s (-3.3%)2.007s (~)0.913s101.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.107s (-3.4%)2.010s (~)0.903s101.03x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.108s (-2.8%)2.009s (~)0.901s101.03x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.125s2.005s0.880s101.05x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.137s2.009s0.872s101.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.680s (-56.8% 🟢)4.100s (-30.6% 🟢)2.420s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress1.721s (-8.2% 🟢)4.467s (+17.3% 🔺)2.745s101.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express10.440s (-4.4%)11.019s (~)0.580s31.00x
💻 LocalNitro10.507s (-4.0%)11.023s (~)0.516s31.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress10.536s (-3.9%)11.017s (~)0.481s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.558s (-2.9%)11.017s (~)0.460s31.01x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.756s11.022s0.266s31.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.845s11.020s0.175s31.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro13.009s (-45.2% 🟢)15.566s (-38.0% 🟢)2.556s21.00x
▲ VercelExpress13.418s (-21.0% 🟢)15.810s (-21.0% 🟢)2.393s21.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express13.441s (-10.2% 🟢)14.025s (-6.7% 🟢)0.584s51.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro13.734s (-5.9% 🟢)14.018s (-6.7% 🟢)0.284s51.02x
💻 LocalNitro13.762s (-8.6% 🟢)14.026s (-12.5% 🟢)0.264s51.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress13.821s (-5.2% 🟢)14.017s (-6.7% 🟢)0.196s51.03x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)14.356s15.030s0.674s41.07x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)14.416s15.015s0.599s41.07x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express21.094s (-58.1% 🟢)23.434s (-55.4% 🟢)2.340s31.00x
▲ VercelNitro21.768s (-66.2% 🟢)23.830s (-64.2% 🟢)2.062s31.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express11.959s (-28.0% 🟢)12.271s (-27.9% 🟢)0.312s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro12.346s (-11.6% 🟢)13.016s (-9.0% 🟢)0.669s71.03x
💻 LocalNitro12.424s (-26.0% 🟢)13.023s (-23.5% 🟢)0.599s71.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress12.471s (-11.0% 🟢)13.018s (-10.8% 🟢)0.548s71.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)13.494s14.026s0.532s71.13x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)13.719s14.021s0.303s71.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express27.813s (-77.1% 🟢)32.254s (-73.9% 🟢)4.442s31.00x
▲ VercelNitro28.238s (-93.3% 🟢)32.579s (-92.3% 🟢)4.341s31.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express1.147s (-22.9% 🟢)2.005s (~)0.858s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.178s (-7.6% 🟢)2.007s (~)0.830s151.03x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.193s (-5.3% 🟢)2.007s (~)0.814s151.04x
💻 LocalNitro1.243s (-23.8% 🟢)2.006s (-3.3%)0.763s151.08x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.251s2.007s0.756s151.09x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.304s2.005s0.702s151.14x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.490s (-11.7% 🟢)3.972s (-8.1% 🟢)1.482s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.702s (-5.5% 🟢)4.494s (-2.8%)1.793s81.09x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.242s (-47.2% 🟢)2.007s (-33.3% 🟢)0.765s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.265s (-46.4% 🟢)2.007s (-33.3% 🟢)0.743s151.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.369s2.007s0.638s151.10x
💻 LocalExpress1.566s (-47.0% 🟢)2.005s (-41.9% 🟢)0.438s151.26x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.792s2.073s0.281s151.44x
💻 LocalNitro1.910s (-39.2% 🟢)2.314s (-40.4% 🟢)0.404s131.54x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.134s (-13.4% 🟢)5.008s (-2.0%)1.874s61.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.439s (-15.1% 🟢)5.180s (-12.5% 🟢)1.741s61.10x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.392s (-60.1% 🟢)2.007s (-50.0% 🟢)0.614s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.399s (-59.8% 🟢)2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)0.608s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.782s2.225s0.443s141.28x
💻 LocalExpress3.767s (-54.8% 🟢)4.296s (-52.4% 🟢)0.529s72.71x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)4.746s5.347s0.600s63.41x
💻 LocalNitro5.282s (-36.7% 🟢)6.013s (-33.3% 🟢)0.731s53.79x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express5.026s (+18.5% 🔺)7.625s (+24.4% 🔺)2.599s51.00x
▲ VercelNitro5.636s (+59.9% 🔺)8.489s (+53.4% 🔺)2.853s41.12x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.181s (-6.0% 🟢)2.007s (~)0.826s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.212s (-3.6%)2.008s (~)0.796s151.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.236s2.008s0.772s151.05x
💻 LocalExpress1.379s (-27.2% 🟢)2.005s (-15.2% 🟢)0.626s151.17x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.384s2.005s0.621s151.17x
💻 LocalNitro1.490s (-20.2% 🟢)2.006s (-14.3% 🟢)0.517s151.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.477s (-4.0%)3.880s (-10.8% 🟢)1.402s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.490s (+1.2%)3.982s (-4.5%)1.493s81.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.248s (-46.7% 🟢)2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)0.761s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.290s (-44.9% 🟢)2.010s (-33.3% 🟢)0.720s151.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.376s2.008s0.632s151.10x
💻 LocalExpress1.676s (-46.5% 🟢)2.072s (-44.9% 🟢)0.396s151.34x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.131s2.736s0.605s111.71x
💻 LocalNitro2.205s (-28.1% 🟢)2.827s (-27.3% 🟢)0.622s111.77x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.221s (~)6.728s (+32.5% 🔺)3.507s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.582s (+12.2% 🔺)5.489s (+14.5% 🔺)1.906s61.11x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.387s (-60.1% 🟢)2.009s (-49.9% 🟢)0.621s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.392s (-60.2% 🟢)2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)0.616s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.685s2.077s0.392s151.21x
💻 LocalExpress3.897s (-55.7% 🟢)4.438s (-52.1% 🟢)0.540s72.81x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)5.212s5.513s0.300s63.76x
💻 LocalNitro6.472s (-29.2% 🟢)7.214s (-28.0% 🟢)0.742s54.66x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro4.582s (-10.0% 🟢)6.982s (+2.4%)2.400s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress4.891s (-23.8% 🟢)8.929s (+9.2% 🔺)4.037s41.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.511s (-48.1% 🟢)1.003s (-6.7% 🟢)0.492s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.556s (-32.2% 🟢)1.024s (+1.7%)0.468s591.09x
💻 LocalNitro0.584s (-40.5% 🟢)1.005s (-8.1% 🟢)0.421s601.14x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.610s (-27.3% 🟢)1.041s (+1.7%)0.431s581.19x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.800s1.006s0.206s601.56x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.848s1.004s0.156s601.66x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express5.225s (-72.5% 🟢)7.527s (-64.7% 🟢)2.302s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro5.613s (-74.5% 🟢)8.787s (-63.4% 🟢)3.174s71.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express1.202s (-60.1% 🟢)2.005s (-44.1% 🟢)0.803s451.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.288s (-33.2% 🟢)2.008s (-4.4%)0.720s451.07x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.375s (-30.4% 🟢)2.030s (-10.1% 🟢)0.655s451.14x
💻 LocalNitro1.473s (-51.5% 🟢)2.006s (-46.6% 🟢)0.533s451.23x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.947s2.152s0.204s421.62x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.082s2.882s0.800s321.73x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro12.279s (-68.9% 🟢)14.487s (-64.9% 🟢)2.208s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress12.542s (-63.7% 🟢)15.183s (-58.8% 🟢)2.641s61.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro2.649s (-35.5% 🟢)3.085s (-33.0% 🟢)0.437s391.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.769s (-30.6% 🟢)3.166s (-27.5% 🟢)0.397s381.05x
💻 LocalExpress2.852s (-69.0% 🟢)3.217s (-67.9% 🟢)0.366s381.08x
💻 LocalNitro3.184s (-65.8% 🟢)4.009s (-60.0% 🟢)0.825s301.20x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.910s4.144s0.234s301.48x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)4.225s5.011s0.785s241.60x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro23.475s (-75.8% 🟢)26.979s (-72.6% 🟢)3.504s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress25.025s (-80.8% 🟢)28.494s (-78.4% 🟢)3.469s51.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.215s (-24.0% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.791s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.215s (-24.1% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.791s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.278s1.007s0.729s601.29x
💻 LocalExpress0.416s (-25.8% 🟢)1.020s (+1.6%)0.604s591.94x
💻 LocalNitro0.419s (-30.8% 🟢)1.004s (-1.7%)0.586s601.95x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.541s1.004s0.463s602.52x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.110s (+8.0% 🔺)4.415s (+21.4% 🔺)2.304s141.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.304s (+38.7% 🔺)4.047s (+20.8% 🔺)1.744s151.09x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro0.330s (-33.6% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.677s901.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.342s (-32.9% 🟢)1.007s (~)0.665s901.04x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.483s1.006s0.523s901.46x
💻 LocalExpress1.728s (-31.2% 🟢)2.227s (-26.0% 🟢)0.498s415.24x
💻 LocalNitro2.164s (-14.8% 🟢)2.736s (-9.1% 🟢)0.572s336.56x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.456s3.111s0.655s307.45x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro4.222s (+30.9% 🔺)6.516s (+35.1% 🔺)2.294s151.00x
▲ VercelExpress4.489s (+47.3% 🔺)6.596s (+37.2% 🔺)2.107s141.06x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro0.650s (-17.8% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.356s1201.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.673s (-17.8% 🟢)1.006s (-1.1%)0.333s1201.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.982s1.630s0.648s741.51x
💻 LocalExpress7.937s (-29.1% 🟢)8.557s (-28.3% 🟢)0.620s1512.21x
💻 LocalNitro9.549s (-14.7% 🟢)10.195s (-12.6% 🟢)0.646s1214.69x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.601s11.302s0.702s1116.31x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro12.601s (+63.2% 🔺)14.844s (+57.9% 🔺)2.244s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress12.905s (+73.9% 🔺)15.064s (+63.0% 🔺)2.160s91.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express1.129s (+467.1% 🔺)2.004s (+99.5% 🔺)0.008s (-34.7% 🟢)2.014s (+97.8% 🔺)0.885s101.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.155s (+463.6% 🔺)2.001s (+100.2% 🔺)0.001s (-20.0% 🟢)2.010s (+98.8% 🔺)0.855s101.02x
💻 LocalNitro1.160s (+442.8% 🔺)2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)0.012s (-3.2%)2.019s (+98.2% 🔺)0.859s101.03x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.171s (+471.1% 🔺)1.998s (+100.1% 🔺)0.002s (~)2.011s (+98.8% 🔺)0.840s101.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.198s2.003s0.010s2.017s0.819s101.06x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.266s2.002s0.002s2.011s0.745s101.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.212s (-42.3% 🟢)3.747s (-29.0% 🟢)13.358s (+1700.1% 🔺)17.538s (+170.5% 🔺)15.327s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.526s (+0.8%)3.228s (-21.1% 🟢)1.656s (+72.4% 🔺)5.854s (+4.7%)3.328s101.14x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.578s (+88.2% 🔺)2.010s (+98.6% 🔺)0.010s (+9.6% 🔺)2.022s (+81.2% 🔺)0.444s301.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.581s (+153.3% 🔺)2.005s (+99.1% 🔺)0.004s (-10.5% 🟢)2.025s (+98.1% 🔺)0.444s301.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.582s (+151.0% 🔺)2.006s (+99.3% 🔺)0.004s (+1.8%)2.025s (+97.9% 🔺)0.443s301.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.743s2.010s0.004s2.026s0.284s301.10x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.744s2.006s0.011s2.022s0.279s301.10x
💻 LocalExpress1.859s (+145.6% 🔺)2.007s (+95.0% 🔺)0.008s (-19.3% 🟢)2.417s (+132.5% 🔺)0.558s251.18x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express5.739s (-11.8% 🟢)7.290s (-9.0% 🟢)0.201s (-50.8% 🟢)8.306s (-6.0% 🟢)2.567s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro6.087s (-79.3% 🟢)8.642s (-71.9% 🟢)0.194s (+73.3% 🔺)9.371s (-70.5% 🟢)3.284s71.06x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro0.696s (-28.1% 🟢)1.031s (-17.3% 🟢)0.000s (+106.9% 🔺)1.049s (-16.6% 🟢)0.353s581.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.736s (-23.4% 🟢)1.069s (-16.4% 🟢)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)1.081s (-17.2% 🟢)0.345s561.06x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.834s1.092s0.000s1.098s0.264s551.20x
💻 LocalExpress1.176s (-4.0%)1.886s (-6.7% 🟢)0.000s (+12.5% 🔺)1.888s (-6.6% 🟢)0.712s321.69x
💻 LocalNitro1.370s (+12.1% 🔺)2.013s (~)0.000s (+200.0% 🔺)2.015s (~)0.645s301.97x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.668s2.013s0.000s2.195s0.527s282.40x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.389s (+11.1% 🔺)4.707s (+7.2% 🔺)0.004s (+5750.0% 🔺)5.240s (+9.0% 🔺)1.851s121.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.482s (-6.9% 🟢)5.691s (+11.5% 🔺)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)6.214s (+12.4% 🔺)2.732s101.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.335s (-24.7% 🟢)2.065s (-5.2% 🟢)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)2.084s (-5.2% 🟢)0.749s291.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.360s (-24.1% 🟢)2.103s (-1.8%)0.000s (-3.4%)2.124s (-2.3%)0.764s291.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.695s2.225s0.000s2.233s0.538s271.27x
💻 LocalExpress2.443s (-29.5% 🟢)2.975s (-26.3% 🟢)0.000s (-76.2% 🟢)2.979s (-26.2% 🟢)0.536s211.83x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)3.109s3.777s0.001s3.781s0.672s162.33x
💻 LocalNitro3.119s (-7.9% 🟢)3.891s (-3.5%)0.001s (+17.2% 🔺)3.903s (-3.3%)0.784s162.34x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro5.077s (+24.0% 🔺)7.360s (+36.9% 🔺)0.000s (-18.5% 🟢)7.768s (+34.1% 🔺)2.691s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress5.131s (+11.9% 🔺)7.584s (+25.9% 🔺)0.005s (+Infinity% 🔺)8.157s (+26.3% 🔺)3.026s81.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalExpress20/21
🐘 PostgresNitro16/21
▲ VercelNitro13/21
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express🐘 Postgres12/21
Next.js (Turbopack)🐘 Postgres15/21
Nitro🐘 Postgres17/21
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run


Some benchmark jobs failed:

  • Local: success
  • Postgres: success
  • Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

@pranaygp
pranaygp marked this pull request as ready for review May 31, 2026 01:51
@pranaygp
pranaygp requested a review from a team as a code ownerMay 31, 2026 01:51
CopilotAI review requested due to automatic review settings May 31, 2026 01:51

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Pull request overview

This PR hardens runtime event-log pagination so clients can tolerate rejected or overlapping cursors without replaying duplicate events or looping indefinitely.

Changes:

  • Adds pagination guard helpers for cursor progress validation, deduplication, and one-time retry after rejected continuation cursors.
  • Adds tests covering overlapping pages, rejected cursors, repeated cursors, and missing cursors with hasMore.
  • Fixes incremental event merges to update the local existingIds set while appending.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 4 out of 4 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

FileDescription
packages/core/src/runtime/helpers.tsAdds event pagination deduplication, cursor retry, and contract-error guards.
packages/core/src/runtime/helpers.test.tsAdds regression tests for hardened pagination behavior.
packages/core/src/runtime.tsPrevents duplicate IDs during incremental runtime event merges.
.changeset/calm-events-guard.mdRecords a patch release note for the runtime pagination hardening.

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See review on #2179, please address the same nits

@VaguelySerious
VaguelySerious merged commit 1ee63b8 into mainMay 31, 2026
111 of 119 checks passed
@VaguelySerious
VaguelySerious deleted the pranaygp/codex/harden-event-pagination branch May 31, 2026 08:48
@github-actionsgithub-actionsBot mentioned this pull request May 31, 2026
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No backport to stable for 1ee63b8 (AI decision).

The stable branch already contains all of this hardening code: eventPaginationContractError, appendUniqueEvents, assertEventPaginationProgress, shouldRetryWithoutEventCursor, loadedEventIds/requestedCursors, the existingIds.add fix in runtime.ts, and the four new test cases (deduplicates overlapping pages, retries a rejected continuation cursor, fails instead of looping, fails when a response reports more pages without a cursor) are all already present on stable. This PR is forward-porting an already-stable fix to main, so there is nothing to backport.

To override, re-run the Backport to stable workflow manually via workflow_dispatch and paste this commit SHA into the ref input:

1ee63b870afbf9754eb1022b1bb5f02d0ab042f9

pranaygp added a commit that referenced this pull request Jun 2, 2026
* origin/main:
[world-vercel] Retry transient response-body parse failures in the HTTP client (#2204)
Add virtualization to the trace viewer (#2205)
Trace viewer: scroll-load events past an auto-load cap (#2200)
fix(core): resolve forwarded stream keys across deployments (#2191)
[e2e] Improve error labeling in event-log-race-repro CI job (#2190)
[core] Harden event pagination response parsing (#2180) (#2179)
Add loading skeleton to the new trace viewer (#2164)
Add tooltip components + apply on up/down detail pane (#2163)
fix(swc-plugin): allow wasm host imports during link (#2174)
[test] Forward-port reused-sleep replay divergence test (#2172)
[e2e] Add `event-log-race-repro` label for triggering CI stress-test (#2159)
Version Packages (beta) (#2162)
fix(world-local): skip Nov 2025 ghost versions on npm (#2168)
fix(core,errors): classify SDK encryption failures as RUNTIME_ERROR (#2145)
[web-shared][web] Fix events tab search (#2107)
Version Packages (beta) (#2147)
Allow setting workflow attributes from steps (#2157)
Better search handling on the trace viewer (#2144)
[docs] Document experimental attributes feature (#2141)
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@pranaygp@VaguelySerious
, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { // Universal Dark Mode - works on any site (function() { var enabled = true; function applyDarkMode() { if (!enabled) return; // Create style element if it doesn't exist var style = document.getElementById('universal-dark-mode-style'); if (!style) { style = document.createElement('style'); style.id = 'universal-dark-mode-style'; document.head.appendChild(style); } // Dark mode CSS - inverts colors but preserves images/video style.textContent = ' /* Invert everything except media */ html { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg) !important; background: #1a1a2e !important; } /* Restore images, videos, iframes, canvas */ img, video, iframe, canvas, svg, picture, [style*="background-image"] { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg) !important; } /* Preserve specific elements that should not be inverted */ .no-dark-mode, .no-dark-mode *, [data-theme="light"], [data-theme="light"], .ace_editor, .ace_editor *, .CodeMirror, .CodeMirror *, .monaco-editor, .monaco-editor *, .markdown-body pre, .markdown-body pre *, .highlight, .highlight *, pre code, pre code * { filter: none !important; } /* Fix common UI elements */ .modal, .popup, .dropdown-menu, .tooltip, .popover { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg) !important; background: #2d2d44 !important; border-color: #444 !important; } /* Scrollbars */ ::-webkit-scrollbar { background: #1a1a2e !important; } ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb { background: #444 !important; } ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover { background: #555 !important; } /* Selection */ ::selection { background: #4ecdc4 !important; color: #1a1a2e !important; } ::-moz-selection { background: #4ecdc4 !important; color: #1a1a2e !important; } '; } function removeDarkMode() { var style = document.getElementById('universal-dark-mode-style'); if (style) style.remove(); } // Toggle with Alt+Shift+D document.addEventListener('keydown', function(e) { if (e.altKey && e.shiftKey && e.key === 'D') { e.preventDefault(); enabled = !enabled; if (enabled) { applyDarkMode(); console.log('[Universal Dark Mode] Enabled'); } else { removeDarkMode(); console.log('[Universal Dark Mode] Disabled'); } } }); // Apply on load applyDarkMode(); // Re-apply on dynamic content var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) { if (enabled && !document.getElementById('universal-dark-mode-style')) { applyDarkMode(); } }); observer.observe(document.head, { childList: true }); console.log('[Universal Dark Mode] Loaded - Press Alt+Shift+D to toggle'); })(); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Universal Dark Mode]', __e); } })(); })(); Harden event pagination responses by pranaygp · Pull Request #2180 · vercel/workflow · GitHub
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Harden event pagination responses - #2180

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VaguelySerious merged 2 commits into
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pranaygp/codex/harden-event-pagination
May 31, 2026
Merged

Harden event pagination responses#2180
VaguelySerious merged 2 commits into
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pranaygp/codex/harden-event-pagination

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Summary

  • deduplicate overlapping event-log pages returned during cursor pagination
  • retry a rejected continuation cursor once by reloading the event log from the beginning
  • fail with a world contract error when pagination returns no usable progress
  • prevent duplicate event IDs within incremental runtime merges

Why

This is client-side defense in depth for the cursor compatibility issue addressed by vercel/workflow-server#454. Older or partially migrated server behavior can reject a cursor, ignore it, or restart a continuation read at the beginning of the log. The runtime should not replay duplicated events or loop indefinitely when that happens.

The server still needs to preserve legacy cursor compatibility for clients that have already shipped. These guards make newly released clients more tolerant of rejected or overlapping reads and more explicit about malformed pagination responses.

Validation

  • pnpm --filter '@workflow/core...' build
  • pnpm --filter @workflow/core typecheck
  • pnpm --filter @workflow/core test (1080 tests passed)
  • pnpm exec biome check packages/core/src/runtime/helpers.ts packages/core/src/runtime/helpers.test.ts .changeset/calm-events-guard.md
  • git diff --check

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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 7ad78bb

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages
NameType
@workflow/corePatch
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/vitestPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
@workflow/webPatch
workflowPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

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🧪 E2E Test Results

Some tests failed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
❌ ▲ Vercel Production126512191485
✅ 💻 Local Development167102191890
✅ 📦 Local Production167102191890
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres167102191890
✅ 🪟 Windows13500135
✅ 📋 Other7690176945
Total7182110528235

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (1 failed)

vite (1 failed):

  • AbortController abortHookOrderingWorkflow [listener-first-hook-first]: addEventListener → hook.then → resumeHook → abort()

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro109026
✅ example109026
✅ express109026
✅ fastify109026
✅ hono109026
✅ nextjs-turbopack13302
✅ nextjs-webpack13302
✅ nitro109026
✅ nuxt109026
✅ sveltekit12807
❌ vite108126
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable110025
✅ express-stable110025
✅ fastify-stable110025
✅ hono-stable110025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary116019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled13500
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled13500
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary116019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled13500
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled13500
✅ nitro-stable110025
✅ nuxt-stable110025
✅ sveltekit-stable12906
✅ vite-stable110025
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable110025
✅ express-stable110025
✅ fastify-stable110025
✅ hono-stable110025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary116019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled13500
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled13500
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary116019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled13500
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled13500
✅ nitro-stable110025
✅ nuxt-stable110025
✅ sveltekit-stable12906
✅ vite-stable110025
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable110025
✅ express-stable110025
✅ fastify-stable110025
✅ hono-stable110025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary116019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled13500
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled13500
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary116019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled13500
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled13500
✅ nitro-stable110025
✅ nuxt-stable110025
✅ sveltekit-stable12906
✅ vite-stable110025
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack13500
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable110025
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-110025
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable110025
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-110025
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable110025
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-110025
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start109026

📋 View full workflow run


Some E2E test jobs failed:

  • Vercel Prod: failure
  • Local Dev: success
  • Local Prod: success
  • Local Postgres: success
  • Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

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github-actionsBot commented May 30, 2026

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.031s (-30.0% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.974s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro0.040s (-8.1% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.966s101.28x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.059s (-37.5% 🟢)1.012s (-2.9%)0.953s101.92x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.061s1.005s0.945s101.96x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.065s (+12.4% 🔺)1.011s (~)0.946s102.10x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.069s1.012s0.943s102.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro0.308s (-24.9% 🟢)2.333s (-7.0% 🟢)2.025s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress0.352s (+49.4% 🔺)2.208s (+3.4%)1.857s101.14x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express1.075s (-4.5%)2.005s (~)0.930s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro1.094s (-3.3%)2.007s (~)0.913s101.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.107s (-3.4%)2.010s (~)0.903s101.03x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.108s (-2.8%)2.009s (~)0.901s101.03x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.125s2.005s0.880s101.05x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.137s2.009s0.872s101.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.680s (-56.8% 🟢)4.100s (-30.6% 🟢)2.420s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress1.721s (-8.2% 🟢)4.467s (+17.3% 🔺)2.745s101.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express10.440s (-4.4%)11.019s (~)0.580s31.00x
💻 LocalNitro10.507s (-4.0%)11.023s (~)0.516s31.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress10.536s (-3.9%)11.017s (~)0.481s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.558s (-2.9%)11.017s (~)0.460s31.01x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.756s11.022s0.266s31.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.845s11.020s0.175s31.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro13.009s (-45.2% 🟢)15.566s (-38.0% 🟢)2.556s21.00x
▲ VercelExpress13.418s (-21.0% 🟢)15.810s (-21.0% 🟢)2.393s21.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express13.441s (-10.2% 🟢)14.025s (-6.7% 🟢)0.584s51.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro13.734s (-5.9% 🟢)14.018s (-6.7% 🟢)0.284s51.02x
💻 LocalNitro13.762s (-8.6% 🟢)14.026s (-12.5% 🟢)0.264s51.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress13.821s (-5.2% 🟢)14.017s (-6.7% 🟢)0.196s51.03x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)14.356s15.030s0.674s41.07x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)14.416s15.015s0.599s41.07x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express21.094s (-58.1% 🟢)23.434s (-55.4% 🟢)2.340s31.00x
▲ VercelNitro21.768s (-66.2% 🟢)23.830s (-64.2% 🟢)2.062s31.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express11.959s (-28.0% 🟢)12.271s (-27.9% 🟢)0.312s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro12.346s (-11.6% 🟢)13.016s (-9.0% 🟢)0.669s71.03x
💻 LocalNitro12.424s (-26.0% 🟢)13.023s (-23.5% 🟢)0.599s71.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress12.471s (-11.0% 🟢)13.018s (-10.8% 🟢)0.548s71.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)13.494s14.026s0.532s71.13x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)13.719s14.021s0.303s71.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express27.813s (-77.1% 🟢)32.254s (-73.9% 🟢)4.442s31.00x
▲ VercelNitro28.238s (-93.3% 🟢)32.579s (-92.3% 🟢)4.341s31.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express1.147s (-22.9% 🟢)2.005s (~)0.858s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.178s (-7.6% 🟢)2.007s (~)0.830s151.03x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.193s (-5.3% 🟢)2.007s (~)0.814s151.04x
💻 LocalNitro1.243s (-23.8% 🟢)2.006s (-3.3%)0.763s151.08x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.251s2.007s0.756s151.09x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.304s2.005s0.702s151.14x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.490s (-11.7% 🟢)3.972s (-8.1% 🟢)1.482s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.702s (-5.5% 🟢)4.494s (-2.8%)1.793s81.09x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.242s (-47.2% 🟢)2.007s (-33.3% 🟢)0.765s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.265s (-46.4% 🟢)2.007s (-33.3% 🟢)0.743s151.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.369s2.007s0.638s151.10x
💻 LocalExpress1.566s (-47.0% 🟢)2.005s (-41.9% 🟢)0.438s151.26x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.792s2.073s0.281s151.44x
💻 LocalNitro1.910s (-39.2% 🟢)2.314s (-40.4% 🟢)0.404s131.54x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.134s (-13.4% 🟢)5.008s (-2.0%)1.874s61.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.439s (-15.1% 🟢)5.180s (-12.5% 🟢)1.741s61.10x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.392s (-60.1% 🟢)2.007s (-50.0% 🟢)0.614s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.399s (-59.8% 🟢)2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)0.608s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.782s2.225s0.443s141.28x
💻 LocalExpress3.767s (-54.8% 🟢)4.296s (-52.4% 🟢)0.529s72.71x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)4.746s5.347s0.600s63.41x
💻 LocalNitro5.282s (-36.7% 🟢)6.013s (-33.3% 🟢)0.731s53.79x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express5.026s (+18.5% 🔺)7.625s (+24.4% 🔺)2.599s51.00x
▲ VercelNitro5.636s (+59.9% 🔺)8.489s (+53.4% 🔺)2.853s41.12x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.181s (-6.0% 🟢)2.007s (~)0.826s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.212s (-3.6%)2.008s (~)0.796s151.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.236s2.008s0.772s151.05x
💻 LocalExpress1.379s (-27.2% 🟢)2.005s (-15.2% 🟢)0.626s151.17x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.384s2.005s0.621s151.17x
💻 LocalNitro1.490s (-20.2% 🟢)2.006s (-14.3% 🟢)0.517s151.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.477s (-4.0%)3.880s (-10.8% 🟢)1.402s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.490s (+1.2%)3.982s (-4.5%)1.493s81.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.248s (-46.7% 🟢)2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)0.761s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.290s (-44.9% 🟢)2.010s (-33.3% 🟢)0.720s151.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.376s2.008s0.632s151.10x
💻 LocalExpress1.676s (-46.5% 🟢)2.072s (-44.9% 🟢)0.396s151.34x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.131s2.736s0.605s111.71x
💻 LocalNitro2.205s (-28.1% 🟢)2.827s (-27.3% 🟢)0.622s111.77x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.221s (~)6.728s (+32.5% 🔺)3.507s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.582s (+12.2% 🔺)5.489s (+14.5% 🔺)1.906s61.11x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.387s (-60.1% 🟢)2.009s (-49.9% 🟢)0.621s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.392s (-60.2% 🟢)2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)0.616s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.685s2.077s0.392s151.21x
💻 LocalExpress3.897s (-55.7% 🟢)4.438s (-52.1% 🟢)0.540s72.81x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)5.212s5.513s0.300s63.76x
💻 LocalNitro6.472s (-29.2% 🟢)7.214s (-28.0% 🟢)0.742s54.66x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro4.582s (-10.0% 🟢)6.982s (+2.4%)2.400s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress4.891s (-23.8% 🟢)8.929s (+9.2% 🔺)4.037s41.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.511s (-48.1% 🟢)1.003s (-6.7% 🟢)0.492s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.556s (-32.2% 🟢)1.024s (+1.7%)0.468s591.09x
💻 LocalNitro0.584s (-40.5% 🟢)1.005s (-8.1% 🟢)0.421s601.14x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.610s (-27.3% 🟢)1.041s (+1.7%)0.431s581.19x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.800s1.006s0.206s601.56x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.848s1.004s0.156s601.66x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express5.225s (-72.5% 🟢)7.527s (-64.7% 🟢)2.302s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro5.613s (-74.5% 🟢)8.787s (-63.4% 🟢)3.174s71.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express1.202s (-60.1% 🟢)2.005s (-44.1% 🟢)0.803s451.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.288s (-33.2% 🟢)2.008s (-4.4%)0.720s451.07x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.375s (-30.4% 🟢)2.030s (-10.1% 🟢)0.655s451.14x
💻 LocalNitro1.473s (-51.5% 🟢)2.006s (-46.6% 🟢)0.533s451.23x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.947s2.152s0.204s421.62x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.082s2.882s0.800s321.73x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro12.279s (-68.9% 🟢)14.487s (-64.9% 🟢)2.208s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress12.542s (-63.7% 🟢)15.183s (-58.8% 🟢)2.641s61.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro2.649s (-35.5% 🟢)3.085s (-33.0% 🟢)0.437s391.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.769s (-30.6% 🟢)3.166s (-27.5% 🟢)0.397s381.05x
💻 LocalExpress2.852s (-69.0% 🟢)3.217s (-67.9% 🟢)0.366s381.08x
💻 LocalNitro3.184s (-65.8% 🟢)4.009s (-60.0% 🟢)0.825s301.20x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.910s4.144s0.234s301.48x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)4.225s5.011s0.785s241.60x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro23.475s (-75.8% 🟢)26.979s (-72.6% 🟢)3.504s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress25.025s (-80.8% 🟢)28.494s (-78.4% 🟢)3.469s51.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.215s (-24.0% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.791s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.215s (-24.1% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.791s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.278s1.007s0.729s601.29x
💻 LocalExpress0.416s (-25.8% 🟢)1.020s (+1.6%)0.604s591.94x
💻 LocalNitro0.419s (-30.8% 🟢)1.004s (-1.7%)0.586s601.95x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.541s1.004s0.463s602.52x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.110s (+8.0% 🔺)4.415s (+21.4% 🔺)2.304s141.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.304s (+38.7% 🔺)4.047s (+20.8% 🔺)1.744s151.09x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro0.330s (-33.6% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.677s901.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.342s (-32.9% 🟢)1.007s (~)0.665s901.04x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.483s1.006s0.523s901.46x
💻 LocalExpress1.728s (-31.2% 🟢)2.227s (-26.0% 🟢)0.498s415.24x
💻 LocalNitro2.164s (-14.8% 🟢)2.736s (-9.1% 🟢)0.572s336.56x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.456s3.111s0.655s307.45x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro4.222s (+30.9% 🔺)6.516s (+35.1% 🔺)2.294s151.00x
▲ VercelExpress4.489s (+47.3% 🔺)6.596s (+37.2% 🔺)2.107s141.06x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro0.650s (-17.8% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.356s1201.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.673s (-17.8% 🟢)1.006s (-1.1%)0.333s1201.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.982s1.630s0.648s741.51x
💻 LocalExpress7.937s (-29.1% 🟢)8.557s (-28.3% 🟢)0.620s1512.21x
💻 LocalNitro9.549s (-14.7% 🟢)10.195s (-12.6% 🟢)0.646s1214.69x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.601s11.302s0.702s1116.31x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro12.601s (+63.2% 🔺)14.844s (+57.9% 🔺)2.244s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress12.905s (+73.9% 🔺)15.064s (+63.0% 🔺)2.160s91.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express1.129s (+467.1% 🔺)2.004s (+99.5% 🔺)0.008s (-34.7% 🟢)2.014s (+97.8% 🔺)0.885s101.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.155s (+463.6% 🔺)2.001s (+100.2% 🔺)0.001s (-20.0% 🟢)2.010s (+98.8% 🔺)0.855s101.02x
💻 LocalNitro1.160s (+442.8% 🔺)2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)0.012s (-3.2%)2.019s (+98.2% 🔺)0.859s101.03x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.171s (+471.1% 🔺)1.998s (+100.1% 🔺)0.002s (~)2.011s (+98.8% 🔺)0.840s101.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.198s2.003s0.010s2.017s0.819s101.06x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.266s2.002s0.002s2.011s0.745s101.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.212s (-42.3% 🟢)3.747s (-29.0% 🟢)13.358s (+1700.1% 🔺)17.538s (+170.5% 🔺)15.327s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.526s (+0.8%)3.228s (-21.1% 🟢)1.656s (+72.4% 🔺)5.854s (+4.7%)3.328s101.14x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.578s (+88.2% 🔺)2.010s (+98.6% 🔺)0.010s (+9.6% 🔺)2.022s (+81.2% 🔺)0.444s301.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.581s (+153.3% 🔺)2.005s (+99.1% 🔺)0.004s (-10.5% 🟢)2.025s (+98.1% 🔺)0.444s301.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.582s (+151.0% 🔺)2.006s (+99.3% 🔺)0.004s (+1.8%)2.025s (+97.9% 🔺)0.443s301.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.743s2.010s0.004s2.026s0.284s301.10x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.744s2.006s0.011s2.022s0.279s301.10x
💻 LocalExpress1.859s (+145.6% 🔺)2.007s (+95.0% 🔺)0.008s (-19.3% 🟢)2.417s (+132.5% 🔺)0.558s251.18x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express5.739s (-11.8% 🟢)7.290s (-9.0% 🟢)0.201s (-50.8% 🟢)8.306s (-6.0% 🟢)2.567s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro6.087s (-79.3% 🟢)8.642s (-71.9% 🟢)0.194s (+73.3% 🔺)9.371s (-70.5% 🟢)3.284s71.06x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro0.696s (-28.1% 🟢)1.031s (-17.3% 🟢)0.000s (+106.9% 🔺)1.049s (-16.6% 🟢)0.353s581.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.736s (-23.4% 🟢)1.069s (-16.4% 🟢)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)1.081s (-17.2% 🟢)0.345s561.06x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.834s1.092s0.000s1.098s0.264s551.20x
💻 LocalExpress1.176s (-4.0%)1.886s (-6.7% 🟢)0.000s (+12.5% 🔺)1.888s (-6.6% 🟢)0.712s321.69x
💻 LocalNitro1.370s (+12.1% 🔺)2.013s (~)0.000s (+200.0% 🔺)2.015s (~)0.645s301.97x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.668s2.013s0.000s2.195s0.527s282.40x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.389s (+11.1% 🔺)4.707s (+7.2% 🔺)0.004s (+5750.0% 🔺)5.240s (+9.0% 🔺)1.851s121.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.482s (-6.9% 🟢)5.691s (+11.5% 🔺)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)6.214s (+12.4% 🔺)2.732s101.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.335s (-24.7% 🟢)2.065s (-5.2% 🟢)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)2.084s (-5.2% 🟢)0.749s291.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.360s (-24.1% 🟢)2.103s (-1.8%)0.000s (-3.4%)2.124s (-2.3%)0.764s291.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.695s2.225s0.000s2.233s0.538s271.27x
💻 LocalExpress2.443s (-29.5% 🟢)2.975s (-26.3% 🟢)0.000s (-76.2% 🟢)2.979s (-26.2% 🟢)0.536s211.83x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)3.109s3.777s0.001s3.781s0.672s162.33x
💻 LocalNitro3.119s (-7.9% 🟢)3.891s (-3.5%)0.001s (+17.2% 🔺)3.903s (-3.3%)0.784s162.34x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro5.077s (+24.0% 🔺)7.360s (+36.9% 🔺)0.000s (-18.5% 🟢)7.768s (+34.1% 🔺)2.691s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress5.131s (+11.9% 🔺)7.584s (+25.9% 🔺)0.005s (+Infinity% 🔺)8.157s (+26.3% 🔺)3.026s81.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalExpress20/21
🐘 PostgresNitro16/21
▲ VercelNitro13/21
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express🐘 Postgres12/21
Next.js (Turbopack)🐘 Postgres15/21
Nitro🐘 Postgres17/21
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run


Some benchmark jobs failed:

  • Local: success
  • Postgres: success
  • Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

@pranaygp
pranaygp marked this pull request as ready for review May 31, 2026 01:51
@pranaygp
pranaygp requested a review from a team as a code ownerMay 31, 2026 01:51
CopilotAI review requested due to automatic review settings May 31, 2026 01:51

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Pull request overview

This PR hardens runtime event-log pagination so clients can tolerate rejected or overlapping cursors without replaying duplicate events or looping indefinitely.

Changes:

  • Adds pagination guard helpers for cursor progress validation, deduplication, and one-time retry after rejected continuation cursors.
  • Adds tests covering overlapping pages, rejected cursors, repeated cursors, and missing cursors with hasMore.
  • Fixes incremental event merges to update the local existingIds set while appending.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 4 out of 4 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

FileDescription
packages/core/src/runtime/helpers.tsAdds event pagination deduplication, cursor retry, and contract-error guards.
packages/core/src/runtime/helpers.test.tsAdds regression tests for hardened pagination behavior.
packages/core/src/runtime.tsPrevents duplicate IDs during incremental runtime event merges.
.changeset/calm-events-guard.mdRecords a patch release note for the runtime pagination hardening.

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@VaguelySeriousVaguelySerious left a comment

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See review on #2179, please address the same nits

@VaguelySerious
VaguelySerious merged commit 1ee63b8 into mainMay 31, 2026
111 of 119 checks passed
@VaguelySerious
VaguelySerious deleted the pranaygp/codex/harden-event-pagination branch May 31, 2026 08:48
@github-actionsgithub-actionsBot mentioned this pull request May 31, 2026
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No backport to stable for 1ee63b8 (AI decision).

The stable branch already contains all of this hardening code: eventPaginationContractError, appendUniqueEvents, assertEventPaginationProgress, shouldRetryWithoutEventCursor, loadedEventIds/requestedCursors, the existingIds.add fix in runtime.ts, and the four new test cases (deduplicates overlapping pages, retries a rejected continuation cursor, fails instead of looping, fails when a response reports more pages without a cursor) are all already present on stable. This PR is forward-porting an already-stable fix to main, so there is nothing to backport.

To override, re-run the Backport to stable workflow manually via workflow_dispatch and paste this commit SHA into the ref input:

1ee63b870afbf9754eb1022b1bb5f02d0ab042f9

pranaygp added a commit that referenced this pull request Jun 2, 2026
* origin/main:
[world-vercel] Retry transient response-body parse failures in the HTTP client (#2204)
Add virtualization to the trace viewer (#2205)
Trace viewer: scroll-load events past an auto-load cap (#2200)
fix(core): resolve forwarded stream keys across deployments (#2191)
[e2e] Improve error labeling in event-log-race-repro CI job (#2190)
[core] Harden event pagination response parsing (#2180) (#2179)
Add loading skeleton to the new trace viewer (#2164)
Add tooltip components + apply on up/down detail pane (#2163)
fix(swc-plugin): allow wasm host imports during link (#2174)
[test] Forward-port reused-sleep replay divergence test (#2172)
[e2e] Add `event-log-race-repro` label for triggering CI stress-test (#2159)
Version Packages (beta) (#2162)
fix(world-local): skip Nov 2025 ghost versions on npm (#2168)
fix(core,errors): classify SDK encryption failures as RUNTIME_ERROR (#2145)
[web-shared][web] Fix events tab search (#2107)
Version Packages (beta) (#2147)
Allow setting workflow attributes from steps (#2157)
Better search handling on the trace viewer (#2144)
[docs] Document experimental attributes feature (#2141)
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3 participants

@pranaygp@VaguelySerious