fix(deps): upgrade astro to 6.4.6 to resolve CVE-2026-54299

[pranaygp]

Summary

Resolves VULN-11836 — CVE-2026-54299 (GHSA-2pvr-wf23-7pc7, High): Host header SSRF in prerendered error page fetch in astro.

The advisory's only patched version is astro 6.4.6 (< 6.4.6 is vulnerable) — there is no 5.x backport, so the fix requires moving to the 6.x line.

Changes

• workbench/astro (the flagged app, resolved to astro@5.16.3):
  • astro^5.15.6 → ^6.4.6
  • @astrojs/node9.5.0 → 10.1.4 (astro 6 peer compat)
  • @astrojs/vercel^9.0.0 → ^10.0.8 (astro 6 peer compat)
• packages/astro (@workflow/astro): astro devDependency 5.18.0 → 6.4.6 (typecheck-only, not shipped) — clears the last vulnerable astro from the lockfile.

After the bump the lockfile contains only astro@6.4.6 — both astro@5.16.3 and astro@5.18.0 are gone.

Notes

• Pinned 6.4.6 rather than the latest 6.4.7 because the repo's minimumReleaseAge (48h) guard blocks 6.4.7 (published <48h ago); 6.4.6 is the advisory's patched version.
• astro 6 requires Node >=22.12.0; CI runs node 22.x/24.x, so this is satisfied.

Verification

• @workflow/astro integration typechecks (tsc) against astro 6.4.6.
• workbench/astro builds cleanly under both the @astrojs/node (local/CI) and @astrojs/vercel (deploy) adapter paths.

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

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Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
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[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: e6702f6

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/astro	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1442	0	219	1661
✅ 💻 Local Development	1895	0	219	2114
✅ 📦 Local Production	1895	0	219	2114
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1881	0	233	2114
✅ 🪟 Windows	151	0	0	151
✅ 📋 Other	879	0	178	1057
Total	8143	0	1068	9211

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	125	0	26
✅ example	125	0	26
✅ express	125	0	26
✅ fastify	125	0	26
✅ hono	125	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	149	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	149	0	2
✅ nitro	125	0	26
✅ nuxt	125	0	26
✅ sveltekit	144	0	7
✅ vite	125	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	126	0	25
✅ express-stable	126	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	126	0	25
✅ hono-stable	126	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	126	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	126	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	145	0	6
✅ vite-stable	126	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	126	0	25
✅ express-stable	126	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	126	0	25
✅ hono-stable	126	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	126	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	126	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	145	0	6
✅ vite-stable	126	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	125	0	26
✅ express-stable	125	0	26
✅ fastify-stable	125	0	26
✅ hono-stable	125	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	131	0	20
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	150	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	150	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	131	0	20
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	150	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	150	0	1
✅ nitro-stable	125	0	26
✅ nuxt-stable	125	0	26
✅ sveltekit-stable	144	0	7
✅ vite-stable	125	0	26

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	151	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	126	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	126	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	125	0	26
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	125	0	26
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	126	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	126	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	125	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.045s (-6.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.960s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.047s (+12.2% 🔺)	1.008s (~)	0.961s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.062s (-4.5%)	1.013s (~)	0.951s	10	1.37x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.063s (+2.8%)	1.007s (~)	0.944s	10	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.063s (+3.1%)	1.012s (~)	0.949s	10	1.39x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.068s (-6.3% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.944s	10	1.51x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.321s (-71.0% 🟢)	2.398s (-33.0% 🟢)	2.077s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.325s (-83.6% 🟢)	2.160s (-47.4% 🟢)	1.836s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.355s (-40.9% 🟢)	2.479s (-6.8% 🟢)	2.125s	10	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.094s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.913s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.107s (+0.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.899s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.108s (-0.6%)	2.010s (~)	0.902s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.114s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.897s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.139s (-1.6%)	2.010s (~)	0.871s	10	1.04x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.143s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.864s	10	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.843s (-34.7% 🟢)	3.753s (-17.4% 🟢)	1.911s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.853s (-30.9% 🟢)	3.656s (-26.9% 🟢)	1.804s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.862s (-30.6% 🟢)	3.901s (-13.8% 🟢)	2.039s	10	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.539s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.484s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.551s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.472s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.560s (~)	11.018s (~)	0.458s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.573s (~)	11.019s (~)	0.446s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.809s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.214s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.889s (~)	11.352s (+3.0%)	0.462s	3	1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	14.280s (-21.4% 🟢)	16.322s (-17.9% 🟢)	2.043s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	14.736s (-9.4% 🟢)	16.736s (-10.2% 🟢)	1.999s	2	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.834s (-30.7% 🟢)	16.703s (-28.2% 🟢)	1.869s	2	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.791s (~)	14.017s (~)	0.226s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	13.820s (~)	14.028s (~)	0.208s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.823s (~)	14.021s (~)	0.198s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.849s (~)	14.028s (~)	0.179s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.360s (~)	15.030s (~)	0.670s	4	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.490s (~)	15.017s (~)	0.527s	4	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	23.277s (-24.4% 🟢)	25.483s (-22.4% 🟢)	2.206s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	23.554s (-32.5% 🟢)	25.626s (-30.6% 🟢)	2.072s	3	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	23.646s (-28.3% 🟢)	25.447s (-27.0% 🟢)	1.801s	3	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	12.466s (-1.7%)	13.016s (~)	0.549s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	12.523s (~)	13.025s (~)	0.502s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	12.597s (~)	13.027s (~)	0.431s	7	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.831s (+1.9%)	13.303s (+2.2%)	0.472s	7	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.682s (~)	14.027s (~)	0.345s	7	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.752s (-1.6%)	14.019s (-1.0%)	0.268s	7	1.10x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	33.719s (-3.0%)	36.136s (-2.6%)	2.417s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	34.038s (-3.1%)	36.769s (-2.0%)	2.731s	3	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	37.427s (-1.3%)	40.332s (+2.1%)	2.905s	3	1.11x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.212s (+0.5%)	2.008s (~)	0.796s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.212s (+1.7%)	2.007s (~)	0.795s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.213s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.794s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.248s (+7.3% 🔺)	2.006s (~)	0.758s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.303s (-4.0%)	2.007s (-3.3%)	0.704s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.366s (+2.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.640s	15	1.13x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.318s (-25.0% 🟢)	3.899s (-15.0% 🟢)	1.581s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.378s (+1.3%)	3.969s (-1.2%)	1.591s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.454s (-3.8%)	3.990s (-2.0%)	1.536s	8	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.334s (-0.6%)	2.592s (+3.3%)	1.258s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.407s (+3.6%)	2.393s (-4.6%)	0.986s	13	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.592s (-2.8%)	2.294s (-8.6% 🟢)	0.702s	14	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.600s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.406s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.711s (+5.0% 🔺)	2.006s (~)	0.295s	15	1.28x
💻 Local	Express	2.065s (+9.0% 🔺)	2.471s (+14.8% 🔺)	0.406s	13	1.55x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.392s (-17.6% 🟢)	5.282s (-12.8% 🟢)	1.890s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.657s (-3.0%)	5.390s (~)	1.732s	6	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.834s (+9.4% 🔺)	5.777s (+10.0% 🔺)	1.943s	6	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.653s (+1.9%)	4.014s (+3.3%)	2.361s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.727s (+6.3% 🔺)	4.012s (-3.1%)	2.285s	8	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.772s (-27.6% 🟢)	3.760s (-15.4% 🟢)	0.988s	8	1.68x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.577s (~)	5.178s (~)	0.602s	6	2.77x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.749s (+18.1% 🔺)	5.179s (+13.0% 🔺)	0.430s	6	2.87x
💻 Local	Express	5.519s (+5.4% 🔺)	5.845s (~)	0.326s	6	3.34x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.467s (+19.5% 🔺)	7.579s (+15.5% 🔺)	2.112s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.098s (+61.0% 🔺)	7.907s (+46.2% 🔺)	1.808s	4	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.220s (+46.5% 🔺)	8.628s (+50.6% 🔺)	2.408s	4	1.14x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.195s (-2.2%)	2.007s (~)	0.812s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.208s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.799s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.304s (+1.4%)	2.008s (~)	0.704s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.384s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.622s	15	1.16x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.547s (+2.4%)	2.006s (~)	0.460s	15	1.29x
💻 Local	Express	1.578s (-2.2%)	2.007s (~)	0.429s	15	1.32x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.405s (+4.3%)	3.820s (-3.2%)	1.415s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.423s (-62.6% 🟢)	3.700s (-53.9% 🟢)	1.278s	9	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.461s (+8.2% 🔺)	4.085s (+6.0% 🔺)	1.624s	8	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.350s (-3.3%)	2.509s (+1.6%)	1.160s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.364s (+0.5%)	2.317s (-10.6% 🟢)	0.953s	13	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.545s (+0.5%)	2.221s (~)	0.676s	14	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.887s (+5.4% 🔺)	2.315s (+11.7% 🔺)	0.428s	13	1.40x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.020s (+4.6%)	2.591s (+16.6% 🔺)	0.571s	12	1.50x
💻 Local	Express	2.186s (-15.1% 🟢)	2.591s (-16.6% 🟢)	0.405s	12	1.62x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.686s (-28.3% 🟢)	3.995s (-26.8% 🟢)	1.308s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.121s (-22.2% 🟢)	5.152s (-10.3% 🟢)	2.031s	6	1.16x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.368s (+1.1%)	4.862s (-9.0% 🟢)	1.494s	7	1.25x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.642s (-5.0%)	4.299s (+10.6% 🔺)	2.656s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.693s (-3.4%)	4.012s (-3.0%)	2.319s	8	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.857s (-25.6% 🟢)	4.013s (-9.7% 🟢)	1.156s	8	1.74x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.016s (-5.2% 🟢)	5.515s (-8.3% 🟢)	0.499s	6	3.05x
💻 Local	Express	5.795s (-8.6% 🟢)	6.216s (-11.4% 🟢)	0.420s	5	3.53x
💻 Local	Nitro	6.023s (+26.5% 🔺)	6.819s (+27.5% 🔺)	0.796s	5	3.67x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	4.371s (-33.7% 🟢)	6.186s (-25.9% 🟢)	1.815s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.040s (+2.3%)	7.308s (+12.5% 🔺)	2.268s	5	1.15x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.213s (~)	7.552s (+8.4% 🔺)	2.338s	4	1.19x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.583s (-9.5% 🟢)	1.023s (-1.8%)	0.440s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.587s (-0.8%)	1.023s (+1.7%)	0.436s	59	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.601s (+3.1%)	1.005s (~)	0.404s	60	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	0.663s (+0.6%)	1.022s (-1.7%)	0.359s	59	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.817s (-3.8%)	1.006s (-1.7%)	0.189s	60	1.40x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.878s (-0.8%)	1.039s (-1.7%)	0.161s	58	1.50x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	6.186s (-26.9% 🟢)	7.879s (-22.0% 🟢)	1.693s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	6.507s (-1.1%)	8.264s (-4.2%)	1.757s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.927s (-6.6% 🟢)	8.857s (-5.2% 🟢)	1.930s	7	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.372s (-5.1% 🟢)	2.052s (+2.2%)	0.680s	44	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.430s (~)	2.053s (+1.1%)	0.622s	44	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.508s (+2.1%)	2.006s (~)	0.498s	45	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	1.588s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.419s	45	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.941s (-4.7%)	2.151s (-16.1% 🟢)	0.210s	42	1.41x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.145s (+0.8%)	3.009s (~)	0.864s	30	1.56x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	15.095s (-19.6% 🟢)	17.268s (-16.8% 🟢)	2.174s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	15.916s (-20.1% 🟢)	18.292s (-18.3% 🟢)	2.376s	5	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Express	16.686s (-17.1% 🟢)	18.647s (-14.7% 🟢)	1.961s	5	1.11x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.727s (-1.9%)	3.086s (-1.6%)	0.359s	39	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.976s (+5.5% 🔺)	3.397s (+8.3% 🔺)	0.422s	36	1.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.313s (+4.6%)	4.043s (+3.3%)	0.730s	30	1.21x
💻 Local	Express	3.405s (+1.9%)	4.011s (~)	0.606s	30	1.25x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.831s (-4.8%)	4.110s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.279s	30	1.40x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.575s (+0.8%)	5.053s (~)	0.478s	24	1.68x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	30.084s (-17.0% 🟢)	32.889s (-13.9% 🟢)	2.806s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	30.093s (-22.2% 🟢)	32.724s (-19.0% 🟢)	2.631s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	33.218s (-26.0% 🟢)	36.130s (-22.6% 🟢)	2.912s	4	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.244s (-6.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.762s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.250s (-4.2%)	1.006s (~)	0.756s	60	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.311s (+0.8%)	1.006s (~)	0.696s	60	1.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.454s (+5.2% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.551s	60	1.86x
💻 Local	Express	0.462s (+8.0% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.543s	60	1.89x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.564s (-12.7% 🟢)	1.005s (-5.1% 🟢)	0.441s	60	2.31x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.833s (-36.5% 🟢)	3.794s (-24.6% 🟢)	1.962s	16	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.203s (-28.3% 🟢)	4.190s (-16.4% 🟢)	1.986s	15	1.20x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.247s (-37.1% 🟢)	4.134s (-26.0% 🟢)	1.887s	15	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.400s (-12.6% 🟢)	1.006s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.606s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.423s (+2.8%)	1.041s (+3.4%)	0.618s	87	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.618s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.240s (-2.8%)	0.622s	73	1.55x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.184s (+8.6% 🔺)	2.767s (+13.4% 🔺)	0.584s	33	5.46x
💻 Local	Express	2.245s (+2.5%)	2.913s (+2.1%)	0.668s	31	5.62x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.497s (-2.4%)	3.224s (-1.1%)	0.728s	28	6.25x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.219s (-37.6% 🟢)	4.988s (-30.9% 🟢)	1.769s	19	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.388s (-2.8%)	5.242s (+1.4%)	1.854s	18	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.690s (-3.0%)	5.812s (+1.3%)	2.122s	16	1.15x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.798s (-5.3% 🟢)	1.326s (-9.9% 🟢)	0.528s	91	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.824s (-2.8%)	1.352s (-10.3% 🟢)	0.528s	90	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.866s (-7.2% 🟢)	3.681s (-3.8%)	0.816s	33	3.59x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.345s (+7.1% 🔺)	10.032s (+8.4% 🔺)	0.687s	12	11.71x
💻 Local	Express	9.995s (+1.3%)	10.696s (+4.0%)	0.701s	12	12.52x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	11.013s (+5.0%)	11.850s (+4.0%)	0.837s	11	13.80x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	6.218s (-7.9% 🟢)	8.141s (-5.7% 🟢)	1.922s	15	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	6.430s (-5.9% 🟢)	8.691s (+0.8%)	2.261s	14	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.483s (+4.0%)	10.018s (+11.7% 🔺)	2.535s	12	1.20x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.160s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.010s (+2.0%)	2.018s (~)	0.858s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.170s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.012s (+1.6%)	2.020s (~)	0.850s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.174s (~)	1.998s (~)	0.001s (+27.3% 🔺)	2.010s (~)	0.837s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.178s (-1.7%)	1.997s (~)	0.001s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.832s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.226s (-1.4%)	2.002s (~)	0.001s (-16.7% 🟢)	2.011s (~)	0.784s	10	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.228s (-1.7%)	2.003s (~)	0.011s (-1.9%)	2.018s (~)	0.790s	10	1.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.527s (-5.8% 🟢)	3.723s (-0.6%)	1.524s (+82.0% 🔺)	5.771s (+13.5% 🔺)	3.244s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.557s (~)	3.645s (-1.8%)	1.154s (+55.9% 🔺)	5.296s (+6.7% 🔺)	2.738s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.620s (+10.9% 🔺)	3.621s (+2.6%)	1.247s (+77.3% 🔺)	5.373s (+12.2% 🔺)	2.754s	10	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.578s (+0.7%)	2.010s (~)	0.013s (+14.6% 🔺)	2.025s (~)	0.448s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.603s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.005s (+2.7%)	2.027s (~)	0.424s	30	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.608s (-1.9%)	2.007s (~)	0.005s (+0.6%)	2.028s (~)	0.420s	30	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.611s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.013s (+6.2% 🔺)	2.026s (~)	0.416s	30	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.735s (-0.7%)	2.008s (~)	0.011s (-17.3% 🟢)	2.023s (~)	0.288s	30	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.761s (-1.7%)	2.011s (~)	0.005s (-3.6%)	2.026s (~)	0.265s	30	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	6.370s (-7.7% 🟢)	7.860s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.277s (-19.6% 🟢)	8.601s (-6.8% 🟢)	2.231s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.386s (-7.0% 🟢)	8.159s (-4.9%)	0.282s (-9.9% 🟢)	8.937s (-4.7%)	2.551s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.476s (-3.8%)	7.838s (-2.6%)	0.234s (+6.5% 🔺)	8.506s (-3.4%)	2.030s	8	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.782s (-3.8%)	1.047s (-1.6%)	0.000s (+194.7% 🔺)	1.064s (-1.5%)	0.282s	57	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.802s (+0.6%)	1.050s (~)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.082s (+2.0%)	0.280s	56	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.975s (-5.1% 🟢)	1.418s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	1.426s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.451s	43	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	1.466s (+3.3%)	2.013s (~)	0.000s (-28.6% 🟢)	2.015s (~)	0.549s	30	1.88x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.535s (+13.6% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.000s (~)	2.017s (~)	0.482s	30	1.96x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.539s (+1.7%)	2.013s (~)	0.000s (-9.1% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.478s	30	1.97x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.032s (-19.5% 🟢)	4.491s (-15.8% 🟢)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	4.989s (-15.2% 🟢)	1.957s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.082s (-25.0% 🟢)	4.281s (-25.5% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	4.733s (-24.2% 🟢)	1.651s	13	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.181s (-13.9% 🟢)	4.530s (-7.6% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.012s (-9.8% 🟢)	1.831s	12	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.593s (-3.6%)	2.137s (-1.8%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.152s (-1.6%)	0.559s	28	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.736s (+2.5%)	2.253s (+3.6%)	0.000s (-48.1% 🟢)	2.272s (+3.6%)	0.536s	27	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.135s (-5.3% 🟢)	2.653s (-2.8%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.662s (-2.8%)	0.526s	23	1.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.046s (+7.4% 🔺)	3.468s (+1.5%)	0.000s (-11.1% 🟢)	3.476s (+1.7%)	0.430s	18	1.91x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.322s (+7.8% 🔺)	3.893s (~)	0.001s (+28.6% 🔺)	3.906s (~)	0.583s	16	2.09x
💻 Local	Express	3.347s (+0.9%)	4.028s (~)	0.000s (-53.3% 🟢)	4.030s (~)	0.683s	15	2.10x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.059s (+2.8%)	6.517s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	7.047s (+3.6%)	1.988s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.187s (-14.5% 🟢)	6.629s (-12.7% 🟢)	0.006s (+655.6% 🔺)	7.277s (-11.1% 🟢)	2.090s	9	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.652s (-20.0% 🟢)	7.189s (-12.6% 🟢)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	7.744s (-11.6% 🟢)	2.091s	8	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	11/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	11/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	11/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	16/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	16/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	16/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[socket-security]

Review the following changes in direct dependencies. Learn more about Socket for GitHub.

Diff	Package	Supply Chain Security	Vulnerability	Quality	Maintenance	License
	npm/​@​astrojs/​node@​10.1.4
	npm/​@​astrojs/​vercel@​10.0.8
	npm/​astro@​6.4.6

View full report

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2461. (backport job run)

[pranaygp]

Summary

Resolves VULN-11836 — CVE-2026-54299 (GHSA-2pvr-wf23-7pc7, High): Host header SSRF in prerendered error page fetch in astro.

The advisory's only patched version is astro 6.4.6 (< 6.4.6 is vulnerable) — there is no 5.x backport, so the fix requires moving to the 6.x line.

Changes

• workbench/astro (the flagged app, resolved to astro@5.16.3):
  • astro^5.15.6 → ^6.4.6
  • @astrojs/node9.5.0 → 10.1.4 (astro 6 peer compat)
  • @astrojs/vercel^9.0.0 → ^10.0.8 (astro 6 peer compat)
• packages/astro (@workflow/astro): astro devDependency 5.18.0 → 6.4.6 (typecheck-only, not shipped) — clears the last vulnerable astro from the lockfile.

After the bump the lockfile contains only astro@6.4.6 — both astro@5.16.3 and astro@5.18.0 are gone.

Notes

• Pinned 6.4.6 rather than the latest 6.4.7 because the repo's minimumReleaseAge (48h) guard blocks 6.4.7 (published <48h ago); 6.4.6 is the advisory's patched version.
• astro 6 requires Node >=22.12.0; CI runs node 22.x/24.x, so this is satisfied.

Verification

• @workflow/astro integration typechecks (tsc) against astro 6.4.6.
• workbench/astro builds cleanly under both the @astrojs/node (local/CI) and @astrojs/vercel (deploy) adapter paths.

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm

[Copilot]

Copilot was unable to review this pull request because the user who requested the review has reached their quota limit.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: e6702f6

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/astro	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1442	0	219	1661
✅ 💻 Local Development	1895	0	219	2114
✅ 📦 Local Production	1895	0	219	2114
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1881	0	233	2114
✅ 🪟 Windows	151	0	0	151
✅ 📋 Other	879	0	178	1057
Total	8143	0	1068	9211

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	125	0	26
✅ example	125	0	26
✅ express	125	0	26
✅ fastify	125	0	26
✅ hono	125	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	149	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	149	0	2
✅ nitro	125	0	26
✅ nuxt	125	0	26
✅ sveltekit	144	0	7
✅ vite	125	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	126	0	25
✅ express-stable	126	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	126	0	25
✅ hono-stable	126	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	126	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	126	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	145	0	6
✅ vite-stable	126	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	126	0	25
✅ express-stable	126	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	126	0	25
✅ hono-stable	126	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	126	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	126	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	145	0	6
✅ vite-stable	126	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	125	0	26
✅ express-stable	125	0	26
✅ fastify-stable	125	0	26
✅ hono-stable	125	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	131	0	20
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	150	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	150	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	131	0	20
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	150	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	150	0	1
✅ nitro-stable	125	0	26
✅ nuxt-stable	125	0	26
✅ sveltekit-stable	144	0	7
✅ vite-stable	125	0	26

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	151	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	126	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	126	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	125	0	26
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	125	0	26
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	126	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	126	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	125	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.045s (-6.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.960s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.047s (+12.2% 🔺)	1.008s (~)	0.961s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.062s (-4.5%)	1.013s (~)	0.951s	10	1.37x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.063s (+2.8%)	1.007s (~)	0.944s	10	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.063s (+3.1%)	1.012s (~)	0.949s	10	1.39x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.068s (-6.3% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.944s	10	1.51x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.321s (-71.0% 🟢)	2.398s (-33.0% 🟢)	2.077s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.325s (-83.6% 🟢)	2.160s (-47.4% 🟢)	1.836s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.355s (-40.9% 🟢)	2.479s (-6.8% 🟢)	2.125s	10	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.094s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.913s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.107s (+0.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.899s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.108s (-0.6%)	2.010s (~)	0.902s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.114s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.897s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.139s (-1.6%)	2.010s (~)	0.871s	10	1.04x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.143s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.864s	10	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.843s (-34.7% 🟢)	3.753s (-17.4% 🟢)	1.911s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.853s (-30.9% 🟢)	3.656s (-26.9% 🟢)	1.804s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.862s (-30.6% 🟢)	3.901s (-13.8% 🟢)	2.039s	10	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.539s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.484s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.551s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.472s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.560s (~)	11.018s (~)	0.458s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.573s (~)	11.019s (~)	0.446s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.809s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.214s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.889s (~)	11.352s (+3.0%)	0.462s	3	1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	14.280s (-21.4% 🟢)	16.322s (-17.9% 🟢)	2.043s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	14.736s (-9.4% 🟢)	16.736s (-10.2% 🟢)	1.999s	2	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.834s (-30.7% 🟢)	16.703s (-28.2% 🟢)	1.869s	2	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.791s (~)	14.017s (~)	0.226s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	13.820s (~)	14.028s (~)	0.208s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.823s (~)	14.021s (~)	0.198s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.849s (~)	14.028s (~)	0.179s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.360s (~)	15.030s (~)	0.670s	4	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.490s (~)	15.017s (~)	0.527s	4	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	23.277s (-24.4% 🟢)	25.483s (-22.4% 🟢)	2.206s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	23.554s (-32.5% 🟢)	25.626s (-30.6% 🟢)	2.072s	3	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	23.646s (-28.3% 🟢)	25.447s (-27.0% 🟢)	1.801s	3	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	12.466s (-1.7%)	13.016s (~)	0.549s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	12.523s (~)	13.025s (~)	0.502s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	12.597s (~)	13.027s (~)	0.431s	7	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.831s (+1.9%)	13.303s (+2.2%)	0.472s	7	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.682s (~)	14.027s (~)	0.345s	7	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.752s (-1.6%)	14.019s (-1.0%)	0.268s	7	1.10x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	33.719s (-3.0%)	36.136s (-2.6%)	2.417s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	34.038s (-3.1%)	36.769s (-2.0%)	2.731s	3	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	37.427s (-1.3%)	40.332s (+2.1%)	2.905s	3	1.11x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.212s (+0.5%)	2.008s (~)	0.796s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.212s (+1.7%)	2.007s (~)	0.795s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.213s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.794s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.248s (+7.3% 🔺)	2.006s (~)	0.758s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.303s (-4.0%)	2.007s (-3.3%)	0.704s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.366s (+2.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.640s	15	1.13x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.318s (-25.0% 🟢)	3.899s (-15.0% 🟢)	1.581s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.378s (+1.3%)	3.969s (-1.2%)	1.591s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.454s (-3.8%)	3.990s (-2.0%)	1.536s	8	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.334s (-0.6%)	2.592s (+3.3%)	1.258s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.407s (+3.6%)	2.393s (-4.6%)	0.986s	13	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.592s (-2.8%)	2.294s (-8.6% 🟢)	0.702s	14	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.600s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.406s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.711s (+5.0% 🔺)	2.006s (~)	0.295s	15	1.28x
💻 Local	Express	2.065s (+9.0% 🔺)	2.471s (+14.8% 🔺)	0.406s	13	1.55x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.392s (-17.6% 🟢)	5.282s (-12.8% 🟢)	1.890s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.657s (-3.0%)	5.390s (~)	1.732s	6	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.834s (+9.4% 🔺)	5.777s (+10.0% 🔺)	1.943s	6	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.653s (+1.9%)	4.014s (+3.3%)	2.361s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.727s (+6.3% 🔺)	4.012s (-3.1%)	2.285s	8	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.772s (-27.6% 🟢)	3.760s (-15.4% 🟢)	0.988s	8	1.68x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.577s (~)	5.178s (~)	0.602s	6	2.77x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.749s (+18.1% 🔺)	5.179s (+13.0% 🔺)	0.430s	6	2.87x
💻 Local	Express	5.519s (+5.4% 🔺)	5.845s (~)	0.326s	6	3.34x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.467s (+19.5% 🔺)	7.579s (+15.5% 🔺)	2.112s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.098s (+61.0% 🔺)	7.907s (+46.2% 🔺)	1.808s	4	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.220s (+46.5% 🔺)	8.628s (+50.6% 🔺)	2.408s	4	1.14x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.195s (-2.2%)	2.007s (~)	0.812s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.208s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.799s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.304s (+1.4%)	2.008s (~)	0.704s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.384s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.622s	15	1.16x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.547s (+2.4%)	2.006s (~)	0.460s	15	1.29x
💻 Local	Express	1.578s (-2.2%)	2.007s (~)	0.429s	15	1.32x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.405s (+4.3%)	3.820s (-3.2%)	1.415s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.423s (-62.6% 🟢)	3.700s (-53.9% 🟢)	1.278s	9	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.461s (+8.2% 🔺)	4.085s (+6.0% 🔺)	1.624s	8	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.350s (-3.3%)	2.509s (+1.6%)	1.160s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.364s (+0.5%)	2.317s (-10.6% 🟢)	0.953s	13	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.545s (+0.5%)	2.221s (~)	0.676s	14	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.887s (+5.4% 🔺)	2.315s (+11.7% 🔺)	0.428s	13	1.40x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.020s (+4.6%)	2.591s (+16.6% 🔺)	0.571s	12	1.50x
💻 Local	Express	2.186s (-15.1% 🟢)	2.591s (-16.6% 🟢)	0.405s	12	1.62x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.686s (-28.3% 🟢)	3.995s (-26.8% 🟢)	1.308s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.121s (-22.2% 🟢)	5.152s (-10.3% 🟢)	2.031s	6	1.16x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.368s (+1.1%)	4.862s (-9.0% 🟢)	1.494s	7	1.25x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.642s (-5.0%)	4.299s (+10.6% 🔺)	2.656s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.693s (-3.4%)	4.012s (-3.0%)	2.319s	8	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.857s (-25.6% 🟢)	4.013s (-9.7% 🟢)	1.156s	8	1.74x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.016s (-5.2% 🟢)	5.515s (-8.3% 🟢)	0.499s	6	3.05x
💻 Local	Express	5.795s (-8.6% 🟢)	6.216s (-11.4% 🟢)	0.420s	5	3.53x
💻 Local	Nitro	6.023s (+26.5% 🔺)	6.819s (+27.5% 🔺)	0.796s	5	3.67x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	4.371s (-33.7% 🟢)	6.186s (-25.9% 🟢)	1.815s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.040s (+2.3%)	7.308s (+12.5% 🔺)	2.268s	5	1.15x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.213s (~)	7.552s (+8.4% 🔺)	2.338s	4	1.19x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.583s (-9.5% 🟢)	1.023s (-1.8%)	0.440s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.587s (-0.8%)	1.023s (+1.7%)	0.436s	59	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.601s (+3.1%)	1.005s (~)	0.404s	60	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	0.663s (+0.6%)	1.022s (-1.7%)	0.359s	59	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.817s (-3.8%)	1.006s (-1.7%)	0.189s	60	1.40x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.878s (-0.8%)	1.039s (-1.7%)	0.161s	58	1.50x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	6.186s (-26.9% 🟢)	7.879s (-22.0% 🟢)	1.693s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	6.507s (-1.1%)	8.264s (-4.2%)	1.757s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.927s (-6.6% 🟢)	8.857s (-5.2% 🟢)	1.930s	7	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.372s (-5.1% 🟢)	2.052s (+2.2%)	0.680s	44	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.430s (~)	2.053s (+1.1%)	0.622s	44	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.508s (+2.1%)	2.006s (~)	0.498s	45	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	1.588s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.419s	45	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.941s (-4.7%)	2.151s (-16.1% 🟢)	0.210s	42	1.41x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.145s (+0.8%)	3.009s (~)	0.864s	30	1.56x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	15.095s (-19.6% 🟢)	17.268s (-16.8% 🟢)	2.174s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	15.916s (-20.1% 🟢)	18.292s (-18.3% 🟢)	2.376s	5	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Express	16.686s (-17.1% 🟢)	18.647s (-14.7% 🟢)	1.961s	5	1.11x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.727s (-1.9%)	3.086s (-1.6%)	0.359s	39	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.976s (+5.5% 🔺)	3.397s (+8.3% 🔺)	0.422s	36	1.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.313s (+4.6%)	4.043s (+3.3%)	0.730s	30	1.21x
💻 Local	Express	3.405s (+1.9%)	4.011s (~)	0.606s	30	1.25x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.831s (-4.8%)	4.110s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.279s	30	1.40x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.575s (+0.8%)	5.053s (~)	0.478s	24	1.68x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	30.084s (-17.0% 🟢)	32.889s (-13.9% 🟢)	2.806s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	30.093s (-22.2% 🟢)	32.724s (-19.0% 🟢)	2.631s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	33.218s (-26.0% 🟢)	36.130s (-22.6% 🟢)	2.912s	4	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.244s (-6.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.762s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.250s (-4.2%)	1.006s (~)	0.756s	60	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.311s (+0.8%)	1.006s (~)	0.696s	60	1.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.454s (+5.2% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.551s	60	1.86x
💻 Local	Express	0.462s (+8.0% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.543s	60	1.89x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.564s (-12.7% 🟢)	1.005s (-5.1% 🟢)	0.441s	60	2.31x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.833s (-36.5% 🟢)	3.794s (-24.6% 🟢)	1.962s	16	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.203s (-28.3% 🟢)	4.190s (-16.4% 🟢)	1.986s	15	1.20x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.247s (-37.1% 🟢)	4.134s (-26.0% 🟢)	1.887s	15	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.400s (-12.6% 🟢)	1.006s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.606s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.423s (+2.8%)	1.041s (+3.4%)	0.618s	87	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.618s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.240s (-2.8%)	0.622s	73	1.55x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.184s (+8.6% 🔺)	2.767s (+13.4% 🔺)	0.584s	33	5.46x
💻 Local	Express	2.245s (+2.5%)	2.913s (+2.1%)	0.668s	31	5.62x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.497s (-2.4%)	3.224s (-1.1%)	0.728s	28	6.25x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.219s (-37.6% 🟢)	4.988s (-30.9% 🟢)	1.769s	19	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.388s (-2.8%)	5.242s (+1.4%)	1.854s	18	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.690s (-3.0%)	5.812s (+1.3%)	2.122s	16	1.15x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.798s (-5.3% 🟢)	1.326s (-9.9% 🟢)	0.528s	91	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.824s (-2.8%)	1.352s (-10.3% 🟢)	0.528s	90	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.866s (-7.2% 🟢)	3.681s (-3.8%)	0.816s	33	3.59x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.345s (+7.1% 🔺)	10.032s (+8.4% 🔺)	0.687s	12	11.71x
💻 Local	Express	9.995s (+1.3%)	10.696s (+4.0%)	0.701s	12	12.52x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	11.013s (+5.0%)	11.850s (+4.0%)	0.837s	11	13.80x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	6.218s (-7.9% 🟢)	8.141s (-5.7% 🟢)	1.922s	15	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	6.430s (-5.9% 🟢)	8.691s (+0.8%)	2.261s	14	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.483s (+4.0%)	10.018s (+11.7% 🔺)	2.535s	12	1.20x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.160s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.010s (+2.0%)	2.018s (~)	0.858s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.170s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.012s (+1.6%)	2.020s (~)	0.850s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.174s (~)	1.998s (~)	0.001s (+27.3% 🔺)	2.010s (~)	0.837s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.178s (-1.7%)	1.997s (~)	0.001s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.832s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.226s (-1.4%)	2.002s (~)	0.001s (-16.7% 🟢)	2.011s (~)	0.784s	10	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.228s (-1.7%)	2.003s (~)	0.011s (-1.9%)	2.018s (~)	0.790s	10	1.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.527s (-5.8% 🟢)	3.723s (-0.6%)	1.524s (+82.0% 🔺)	5.771s (+13.5% 🔺)	3.244s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.557s (~)	3.645s (-1.8%)	1.154s (+55.9% 🔺)	5.296s (+6.7% 🔺)	2.738s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.620s (+10.9% 🔺)	3.621s (+2.6%)	1.247s (+77.3% 🔺)	5.373s (+12.2% 🔺)	2.754s	10	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.578s (+0.7%)	2.010s (~)	0.013s (+14.6% 🔺)	2.025s (~)	0.448s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.603s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.005s (+2.7%)	2.027s (~)	0.424s	30	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.608s (-1.9%)	2.007s (~)	0.005s (+0.6%)	2.028s (~)	0.420s	30	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.611s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.013s (+6.2% 🔺)	2.026s (~)	0.416s	30	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.735s (-0.7%)	2.008s (~)	0.011s (-17.3% 🟢)	2.023s (~)	0.288s	30	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.761s (-1.7%)	2.011s (~)	0.005s (-3.6%)	2.026s (~)	0.265s	30	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	6.370s (-7.7% 🟢)	7.860s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.277s (-19.6% 🟢)	8.601s (-6.8% 🟢)	2.231s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.386s (-7.0% 🟢)	8.159s (-4.9%)	0.282s (-9.9% 🟢)	8.937s (-4.7%)	2.551s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.476s (-3.8%)	7.838s (-2.6%)	0.234s (+6.5% 🔺)	8.506s (-3.4%)	2.030s	8	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.782s (-3.8%)	1.047s (-1.6%)	0.000s (+194.7% 🔺)	1.064s (-1.5%)	0.282s	57	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.802s (+0.6%)	1.050s (~)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.082s (+2.0%)	0.280s	56	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.975s (-5.1% 🟢)	1.418s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	1.426s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.451s	43	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	1.466s (+3.3%)	2.013s (~)	0.000s (-28.6% 🟢)	2.015s (~)	0.549s	30	1.88x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.535s (+13.6% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.000s (~)	2.017s (~)	0.482s	30	1.96x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.539s (+1.7%)	2.013s (~)	0.000s (-9.1% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.478s	30	1.97x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.032s (-19.5% 🟢)	4.491s (-15.8% 🟢)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	4.989s (-15.2% 🟢)	1.957s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.082s (-25.0% 🟢)	4.281s (-25.5% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	4.733s (-24.2% 🟢)	1.651s	13	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.181s (-13.9% 🟢)	4.530s (-7.6% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.012s (-9.8% 🟢)	1.831s	12	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.593s (-3.6%)	2.137s (-1.8%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.152s (-1.6%)	0.559s	28	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.736s (+2.5%)	2.253s (+3.6%)	0.000s (-48.1% 🟢)	2.272s (+3.6%)	0.536s	27	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.135s (-5.3% 🟢)	2.653s (-2.8%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.662s (-2.8%)	0.526s	23	1.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.046s (+7.4% 🔺)	3.468s (+1.5%)	0.000s (-11.1% 🟢)	3.476s (+1.7%)	0.430s	18	1.91x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.322s (+7.8% 🔺)	3.893s (~)	0.001s (+28.6% 🔺)	3.906s (~)	0.583s	16	2.09x
💻 Local	Express	3.347s (+0.9%)	4.028s (~)	0.000s (-53.3% 🟢)	4.030s (~)	0.683s	15	2.10x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.059s (+2.8%)	6.517s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	7.047s (+3.6%)	1.988s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.187s (-14.5% 🟢)	6.629s (-12.7% 🟢)	0.006s (+655.6% 🔺)	7.277s (-11.1% 🟢)	2.090s	9	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.652s (-20.0% 🟢)	7.189s (-12.6% 🟢)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	7.744s (-11.6% 🟢)	2.091s	8	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	11/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	11/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	11/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	16/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	16/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	16/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[socket-security]

Review the following changes in direct dependencies. Learn more about Socket for GitHub.

Diff	Package	Supply Chain Security	Vulnerability	Quality	Maintenance	License
	npm/​@​astrojs/​node@​10.1.4
	npm/​@​astrojs/​vercel@​10.0.8
	npm/​astro@​6.4.6

View full report

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2461. (backport job run)

[pranaygp]

Summary

Resolves VULN-11836 — CVE-2026-54299 (GHSA-2pvr-wf23-7pc7, High): Host header SSRF in prerendered error page fetch in astro.

The advisory's only patched version is astro 6.4.6 (< 6.4.6 is vulnerable) — there is no 5.x backport, so the fix requires moving to the 6.x line.

Changes

• workbench/astro (the flagged app, resolved to astro@5.16.3):
  • astro^5.15.6 → ^6.4.6
  • @astrojs/node9.5.0 → 10.1.4 (astro 6 peer compat)
  • @astrojs/vercel^9.0.0 → ^10.0.8 (astro 6 peer compat)
• packages/astro (@workflow/astro): astro devDependency 5.18.0 → 6.4.6 (typecheck-only, not shipped) — clears the last vulnerable astro from the lockfile.

After the bump the lockfile contains only astro@6.4.6 — both astro@5.16.3 and astro@5.18.0 are gone.

Notes

• Pinned 6.4.6 rather than the latest 6.4.7 because the repo's minimumReleaseAge (48h) guard blocks 6.4.7 (published <48h ago); 6.4.6 is the advisory's patched version.
• astro 6 requires Node >=22.12.0; CI runs node 22.x/24.x, so this is satisfied.

Verification

• @workflow/astro integration typechecks (tsc) against astro 6.4.6.
• workbench/astro builds cleanly under both the @astrojs/node (local/CI) and @astrojs/vercel (deploy) adapter paths.

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm

[Copilot]

Copilot was unable to review this pull request because the user who requested the review has reached their quota limit.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: e6702f6

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/astro	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1442	0	219	1661
✅ 💻 Local Development	1895	0	219	2114
✅ 📦 Local Production	1895	0	219	2114
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1881	0	233	2114
✅ 🪟 Windows	151	0	0	151
✅ 📋 Other	879	0	178	1057
Total	8143	0	1068	9211

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	125	0	26
✅ example	125	0	26
✅ express	125	0	26
✅ fastify	125	0	26
✅ hono	125	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	149	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	149	0	2
✅ nitro	125	0	26
✅ nuxt	125	0	26
✅ sveltekit	144	0	7
✅ vite	125	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	126	0	25
✅ express-stable	126	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	126	0	25
✅ hono-stable	126	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	126	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	126	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	145	0	6
✅ vite-stable	126	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	126	0	25
✅ express-stable	126	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	126	0	25
✅ hono-stable	126	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	126	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	126	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	145	0	6
✅ vite-stable	126	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	125	0	26
✅ express-stable	125	0	26
✅ fastify-stable	125	0	26
✅ hono-stable	125	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	131	0	20
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	150	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	150	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	131	0	20
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	150	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	150	0	1
✅ nitro-stable	125	0	26
✅ nuxt-stable	125	0	26
✅ sveltekit-stable	144	0	7
✅ vite-stable	125	0	26

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	151	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	126	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	126	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	125	0	26
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	125	0	26
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	126	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	126	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	125	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.045s (-6.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.960s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.047s (+12.2% 🔺)	1.008s (~)	0.961s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.062s (-4.5%)	1.013s (~)	0.951s	10	1.37x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.063s (+2.8%)	1.007s (~)	0.944s	10	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.063s (+3.1%)	1.012s (~)	0.949s	10	1.39x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.068s (-6.3% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.944s	10	1.51x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.321s (-71.0% 🟢)	2.398s (-33.0% 🟢)	2.077s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.325s (-83.6% 🟢)	2.160s (-47.4% 🟢)	1.836s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.355s (-40.9% 🟢)	2.479s (-6.8% 🟢)	2.125s	10	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.094s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.913s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.107s (+0.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.899s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.108s (-0.6%)	2.010s (~)	0.902s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.114s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.897s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.139s (-1.6%)	2.010s (~)	0.871s	10	1.04x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.143s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.864s	10	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.843s (-34.7% 🟢)	3.753s (-17.4% 🟢)	1.911s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.853s (-30.9% 🟢)	3.656s (-26.9% 🟢)	1.804s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.862s (-30.6% 🟢)	3.901s (-13.8% 🟢)	2.039s	10	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.539s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.484s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.551s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.472s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.560s (~)	11.018s (~)	0.458s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.573s (~)	11.019s (~)	0.446s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.809s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.214s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.889s (~)	11.352s (+3.0%)	0.462s	3	1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	14.280s (-21.4% 🟢)	16.322s (-17.9% 🟢)	2.043s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	14.736s (-9.4% 🟢)	16.736s (-10.2% 🟢)	1.999s	2	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.834s (-30.7% 🟢)	16.703s (-28.2% 🟢)	1.869s	2	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.791s (~)	14.017s (~)	0.226s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	13.820s (~)	14.028s (~)	0.208s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.823s (~)	14.021s (~)	0.198s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.849s (~)	14.028s (~)	0.179s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.360s (~)	15.030s (~)	0.670s	4	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.490s (~)	15.017s (~)	0.527s	4	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	23.277s (-24.4% 🟢)	25.483s (-22.4% 🟢)	2.206s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	23.554s (-32.5% 🟢)	25.626s (-30.6% 🟢)	2.072s	3	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	23.646s (-28.3% 🟢)	25.447s (-27.0% 🟢)	1.801s	3	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	12.466s (-1.7%)	13.016s (~)	0.549s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	12.523s (~)	13.025s (~)	0.502s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	12.597s (~)	13.027s (~)	0.431s	7	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.831s (+1.9%)	13.303s (+2.2%)	0.472s	7	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.682s (~)	14.027s (~)	0.345s	7	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.752s (-1.6%)	14.019s (-1.0%)	0.268s	7	1.10x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	33.719s (-3.0%)	36.136s (-2.6%)	2.417s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	34.038s (-3.1%)	36.769s (-2.0%)	2.731s	3	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	37.427s (-1.3%)	40.332s (+2.1%)	2.905s	3	1.11x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.212s (+0.5%)	2.008s (~)	0.796s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.212s (+1.7%)	2.007s (~)	0.795s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.213s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.794s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.248s (+7.3% 🔺)	2.006s (~)	0.758s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.303s (-4.0%)	2.007s (-3.3%)	0.704s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.366s (+2.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.640s	15	1.13x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.318s (-25.0% 🟢)	3.899s (-15.0% 🟢)	1.581s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.378s (+1.3%)	3.969s (-1.2%)	1.591s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.454s (-3.8%)	3.990s (-2.0%)	1.536s	8	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.334s (-0.6%)	2.592s (+3.3%)	1.258s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.407s (+3.6%)	2.393s (-4.6%)	0.986s	13	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.592s (-2.8%)	2.294s (-8.6% 🟢)	0.702s	14	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.600s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.406s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.711s (+5.0% 🔺)	2.006s (~)	0.295s	15	1.28x
💻 Local	Express	2.065s (+9.0% 🔺)	2.471s (+14.8% 🔺)	0.406s	13	1.55x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.392s (-17.6% 🟢)	5.282s (-12.8% 🟢)	1.890s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.657s (-3.0%)	5.390s (~)	1.732s	6	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.834s (+9.4% 🔺)	5.777s (+10.0% 🔺)	1.943s	6	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.653s (+1.9%)	4.014s (+3.3%)	2.361s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.727s (+6.3% 🔺)	4.012s (-3.1%)	2.285s	8	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.772s (-27.6% 🟢)	3.760s (-15.4% 🟢)	0.988s	8	1.68x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.577s (~)	5.178s (~)	0.602s	6	2.77x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.749s (+18.1% 🔺)	5.179s (+13.0% 🔺)	0.430s	6	2.87x
💻 Local	Express	5.519s (+5.4% 🔺)	5.845s (~)	0.326s	6	3.34x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.467s (+19.5% 🔺)	7.579s (+15.5% 🔺)	2.112s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.098s (+61.0% 🔺)	7.907s (+46.2% 🔺)	1.808s	4	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.220s (+46.5% 🔺)	8.628s (+50.6% 🔺)	2.408s	4	1.14x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.195s (-2.2%)	2.007s (~)	0.812s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.208s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.799s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.304s (+1.4%)	2.008s (~)	0.704s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.384s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.622s	15	1.16x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.547s (+2.4%)	2.006s (~)	0.460s	15	1.29x
💻 Local	Express	1.578s (-2.2%)	2.007s (~)	0.429s	15	1.32x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.405s (+4.3%)	3.820s (-3.2%)	1.415s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.423s (-62.6% 🟢)	3.700s (-53.9% 🟢)	1.278s	9	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.461s (+8.2% 🔺)	4.085s (+6.0% 🔺)	1.624s	8	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.350s (-3.3%)	2.509s (+1.6%)	1.160s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.364s (+0.5%)	2.317s (-10.6% 🟢)	0.953s	13	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.545s (+0.5%)	2.221s (~)	0.676s	14	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.887s (+5.4% 🔺)	2.315s (+11.7% 🔺)	0.428s	13	1.40x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.020s (+4.6%)	2.591s (+16.6% 🔺)	0.571s	12	1.50x
💻 Local	Express	2.186s (-15.1% 🟢)	2.591s (-16.6% 🟢)	0.405s	12	1.62x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.686s (-28.3% 🟢)	3.995s (-26.8% 🟢)	1.308s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.121s (-22.2% 🟢)	5.152s (-10.3% 🟢)	2.031s	6	1.16x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.368s (+1.1%)	4.862s (-9.0% 🟢)	1.494s	7	1.25x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.642s (-5.0%)	4.299s (+10.6% 🔺)	2.656s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.693s (-3.4%)	4.012s (-3.0%)	2.319s	8	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.857s (-25.6% 🟢)	4.013s (-9.7% 🟢)	1.156s	8	1.74x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.016s (-5.2% 🟢)	5.515s (-8.3% 🟢)	0.499s	6	3.05x
💻 Local	Express	5.795s (-8.6% 🟢)	6.216s (-11.4% 🟢)	0.420s	5	3.53x
💻 Local	Nitro	6.023s (+26.5% 🔺)	6.819s (+27.5% 🔺)	0.796s	5	3.67x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	4.371s (-33.7% 🟢)	6.186s (-25.9% 🟢)	1.815s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.040s (+2.3%)	7.308s (+12.5% 🔺)	2.268s	5	1.15x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.213s (~)	7.552s (+8.4% 🔺)	2.338s	4	1.19x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.583s (-9.5% 🟢)	1.023s (-1.8%)	0.440s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.587s (-0.8%)	1.023s (+1.7%)	0.436s	59	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.601s (+3.1%)	1.005s (~)	0.404s	60	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	0.663s (+0.6%)	1.022s (-1.7%)	0.359s	59	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.817s (-3.8%)	1.006s (-1.7%)	0.189s	60	1.40x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.878s (-0.8%)	1.039s (-1.7%)	0.161s	58	1.50x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	6.186s (-26.9% 🟢)	7.879s (-22.0% 🟢)	1.693s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	6.507s (-1.1%)	8.264s (-4.2%)	1.757s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.927s (-6.6% 🟢)	8.857s (-5.2% 🟢)	1.930s	7	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.372s (-5.1% 🟢)	2.052s (+2.2%)	0.680s	44	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.430s (~)	2.053s (+1.1%)	0.622s	44	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.508s (+2.1%)	2.006s (~)	0.498s	45	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	1.588s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.419s	45	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.941s (-4.7%)	2.151s (-16.1% 🟢)	0.210s	42	1.41x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.145s (+0.8%)	3.009s (~)	0.864s	30	1.56x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	15.095s (-19.6% 🟢)	17.268s (-16.8% 🟢)	2.174s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	15.916s (-20.1% 🟢)	18.292s (-18.3% 🟢)	2.376s	5	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Express	16.686s (-17.1% 🟢)	18.647s (-14.7% 🟢)	1.961s	5	1.11x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.727s (-1.9%)	3.086s (-1.6%)	0.359s	39	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.976s (+5.5% 🔺)	3.397s (+8.3% 🔺)	0.422s	36	1.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.313s (+4.6%)	4.043s (+3.3%)	0.730s	30	1.21x
💻 Local	Express	3.405s (+1.9%)	4.011s (~)	0.606s	30	1.25x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.831s (-4.8%)	4.110s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.279s	30	1.40x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.575s (+0.8%)	5.053s (~)	0.478s	24	1.68x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	30.084s (-17.0% 🟢)	32.889s (-13.9% 🟢)	2.806s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	30.093s (-22.2% 🟢)	32.724s (-19.0% 🟢)	2.631s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	33.218s (-26.0% 🟢)	36.130s (-22.6% 🟢)	2.912s	4	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.244s (-6.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.762s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.250s (-4.2%)	1.006s (~)	0.756s	60	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.311s (+0.8%)	1.006s (~)	0.696s	60	1.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.454s (+5.2% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.551s	60	1.86x
💻 Local	Express	0.462s (+8.0% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.543s	60	1.89x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.564s (-12.7% 🟢)	1.005s (-5.1% 🟢)	0.441s	60	2.31x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.833s (-36.5% 🟢)	3.794s (-24.6% 🟢)	1.962s	16	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.203s (-28.3% 🟢)	4.190s (-16.4% 🟢)	1.986s	15	1.20x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.247s (-37.1% 🟢)	4.134s (-26.0% 🟢)	1.887s	15	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.400s (-12.6% 🟢)	1.006s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.606s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.423s (+2.8%)	1.041s (+3.4%)	0.618s	87	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.618s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.240s (-2.8%)	0.622s	73	1.55x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.184s (+8.6% 🔺)	2.767s (+13.4% 🔺)	0.584s	33	5.46x
💻 Local	Express	2.245s (+2.5%)	2.913s (+2.1%)	0.668s	31	5.62x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.497s (-2.4%)	3.224s (-1.1%)	0.728s	28	6.25x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.219s (-37.6% 🟢)	4.988s (-30.9% 🟢)	1.769s	19	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.388s (-2.8%)	5.242s (+1.4%)	1.854s	18	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.690s (-3.0%)	5.812s (+1.3%)	2.122s	16	1.15x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.798s (-5.3% 🟢)	1.326s (-9.9% 🟢)	0.528s	91	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.824s (-2.8%)	1.352s (-10.3% 🟢)	0.528s	90	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.866s (-7.2% 🟢)	3.681s (-3.8%)	0.816s	33	3.59x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.345s (+7.1% 🔺)	10.032s (+8.4% 🔺)	0.687s	12	11.71x
💻 Local	Express	9.995s (+1.3%)	10.696s (+4.0%)	0.701s	12	12.52x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	11.013s (+5.0%)	11.850s (+4.0%)	0.837s	11	13.80x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	6.218s (-7.9% 🟢)	8.141s (-5.7% 🟢)	1.922s	15	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	6.430s (-5.9% 🟢)	8.691s (+0.8%)	2.261s	14	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.483s (+4.0%)	10.018s (+11.7% 🔺)	2.535s	12	1.20x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.160s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.010s (+2.0%)	2.018s (~)	0.858s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.170s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.012s (+1.6%)	2.020s (~)	0.850s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.174s (~)	1.998s (~)	0.001s (+27.3% 🔺)	2.010s (~)	0.837s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.178s (-1.7%)	1.997s (~)	0.001s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.832s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.226s (-1.4%)	2.002s (~)	0.001s (-16.7% 🟢)	2.011s (~)	0.784s	10	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.228s (-1.7%)	2.003s (~)	0.011s (-1.9%)	2.018s (~)	0.790s	10	1.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.527s (-5.8% 🟢)	3.723s (-0.6%)	1.524s (+82.0% 🔺)	5.771s (+13.5% 🔺)	3.244s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.557s (~)	3.645s (-1.8%)	1.154s (+55.9% 🔺)	5.296s (+6.7% 🔺)	2.738s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.620s (+10.9% 🔺)	3.621s (+2.6%)	1.247s (+77.3% 🔺)	5.373s (+12.2% 🔺)	2.754s	10	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.578s (+0.7%)	2.010s (~)	0.013s (+14.6% 🔺)	2.025s (~)	0.448s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.603s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.005s (+2.7%)	2.027s (~)	0.424s	30	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.608s (-1.9%)	2.007s (~)	0.005s (+0.6%)	2.028s (~)	0.420s	30	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.611s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.013s (+6.2% 🔺)	2.026s (~)	0.416s	30	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.735s (-0.7%)	2.008s (~)	0.011s (-17.3% 🟢)	2.023s (~)	0.288s	30	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.761s (-1.7%)	2.011s (~)	0.005s (-3.6%)	2.026s (~)	0.265s	30	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	6.370s (-7.7% 🟢)	7.860s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.277s (-19.6% 🟢)	8.601s (-6.8% 🟢)	2.231s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.386s (-7.0% 🟢)	8.159s (-4.9%)	0.282s (-9.9% 🟢)	8.937s (-4.7%)	2.551s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.476s (-3.8%)	7.838s (-2.6%)	0.234s (+6.5% 🔺)	8.506s (-3.4%)	2.030s	8	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.782s (-3.8%)	1.047s (-1.6%)	0.000s (+194.7% 🔺)	1.064s (-1.5%)	0.282s	57	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.802s (+0.6%)	1.050s (~)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.082s (+2.0%)	0.280s	56	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.975s (-5.1% 🟢)	1.418s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	1.426s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.451s	43	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	1.466s (+3.3%)	2.013s (~)	0.000s (-28.6% 🟢)	2.015s (~)	0.549s	30	1.88x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.535s (+13.6% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.000s (~)	2.017s (~)	0.482s	30	1.96x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.539s (+1.7%)	2.013s (~)	0.000s (-9.1% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.478s	30	1.97x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.032s (-19.5% 🟢)	4.491s (-15.8% 🟢)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	4.989s (-15.2% 🟢)	1.957s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.082s (-25.0% 🟢)	4.281s (-25.5% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	4.733s (-24.2% 🟢)	1.651s	13	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.181s (-13.9% 🟢)	4.530s (-7.6% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.012s (-9.8% 🟢)	1.831s	12	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.593s (-3.6%)	2.137s (-1.8%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.152s (-1.6%)	0.559s	28	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.736s (+2.5%)	2.253s (+3.6%)	0.000s (-48.1% 🟢)	2.272s (+3.6%)	0.536s	27	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.135s (-5.3% 🟢)	2.653s (-2.8%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.662s (-2.8%)	0.526s	23	1.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.046s (+7.4% 🔺)	3.468s (+1.5%)	0.000s (-11.1% 🟢)	3.476s (+1.7%)	0.430s	18	1.91x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.322s (+7.8% 🔺)	3.893s (~)	0.001s (+28.6% 🔺)	3.906s (~)	0.583s	16	2.09x
💻 Local	Express	3.347s (+0.9%)	4.028s (~)	0.000s (-53.3% 🟢)	4.030s (~)	0.683s	15	2.10x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.059s (+2.8%)	6.517s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	7.047s (+3.6%)	1.988s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.187s (-14.5% 🟢)	6.629s (-12.7% 🟢)	0.006s (+655.6% 🔺)	7.277s (-11.1% 🟢)	2.090s	9	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.652s (-20.0% 🟢)	7.189s (-12.6% 🟢)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	7.744s (-11.6% 🟢)	2.091s	8	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	11/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	11/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	11/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	16/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	16/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	16/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[socket-security]

Review the following changes in direct dependencies. Learn more about Socket for GitHub.

Diff	Package	Supply Chain Security	Vulnerability	Quality	Maintenance	License
	npm/​@​astrojs/​node@​10.1.4
	npm/​@​astrojs/​vercel@​10.0.8
	npm/​astro@​6.4.6

View full report

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2461. (backport job run)

[pranaygp]

Summary

Resolves VULN-11836 — CVE-2026-54299 (GHSA-2pvr-wf23-7pc7, High): Host header SSRF in prerendered error page fetch in astro.

The advisory's only patched version is astro 6.4.6 (< 6.4.6 is vulnerable) — there is no 5.x backport, so the fix requires moving to the 6.x line.

Changes

• workbench/astro (the flagged app, resolved to astro@5.16.3):
  • astro^5.15.6 → ^6.4.6
  • @astrojs/node9.5.0 → 10.1.4 (astro 6 peer compat)
  • @astrojs/vercel^9.0.0 → ^10.0.8 (astro 6 peer compat)
• packages/astro (@workflow/astro): astro devDependency 5.18.0 → 6.4.6 (typecheck-only, not shipped) — clears the last vulnerable astro from the lockfile.

After the bump the lockfile contains only astro@6.4.6 — both astro@5.16.3 and astro@5.18.0 are gone.

Notes

• Pinned 6.4.6 rather than the latest 6.4.7 because the repo's minimumReleaseAge (48h) guard blocks 6.4.7 (published <48h ago); 6.4.6 is the advisory's patched version.
• astro 6 requires Node >=22.12.0; CI runs node 22.x/24.x, so this is satisfied.

Verification

• @workflow/astro integration typechecks (tsc) against astro 6.4.6.
• workbench/astro builds cleanly under both the @astrojs/node (local/CI) and @astrojs/vercel (deploy) adapter paths.

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm

[Copilot]

Copilot was unable to review this pull request because the user who requested the review has reached their quota limit.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: e6702f6

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/astro	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1442	0	219	1661
✅ 💻 Local Development	1895	0	219	2114
✅ 📦 Local Production	1895	0	219	2114
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1881	0	233	2114
✅ 🪟 Windows	151	0	0	151
✅ 📋 Other	879	0	178	1057
Total	8143	0	1068	9211

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	125	0	26
✅ example	125	0	26
✅ express	125	0	26
✅ fastify	125	0	26
✅ hono	125	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	149	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	149	0	2
✅ nitro	125	0	26
✅ nuxt	125	0	26
✅ sveltekit	144	0	7
✅ vite	125	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	126	0	25
✅ express-stable	126	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	126	0	25
✅ hono-stable	126	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	126	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	126	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	145	0	6
✅ vite-stable	126	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	126	0	25
✅ express-stable	126	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	126	0	25
✅ hono-stable	126	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	126	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	126	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	145	0	6
✅ vite-stable	126	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	125	0	26
✅ express-stable	125	0	26
✅ fastify-stable	125	0	26
✅ hono-stable	125	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	131	0	20
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	150	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	150	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	131	0	20
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	150	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	150	0	1
✅ nitro-stable	125	0	26
✅ nuxt-stable	125	0	26
✅ sveltekit-stable	144	0	7
✅ vite-stable	125	0	26

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	151	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	126	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	126	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	125	0	26
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	125	0	26
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	126	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	126	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	125	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.045s (-6.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.960s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.047s (+12.2% 🔺)	1.008s (~)	0.961s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.062s (-4.5%)	1.013s (~)	0.951s	10	1.37x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.063s (+2.8%)	1.007s (~)	0.944s	10	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.063s (+3.1%)	1.012s (~)	0.949s	10	1.39x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.068s (-6.3% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.944s	10	1.51x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.321s (-71.0% 🟢)	2.398s (-33.0% 🟢)	2.077s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.325s (-83.6% 🟢)	2.160s (-47.4% 🟢)	1.836s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.355s (-40.9% 🟢)	2.479s (-6.8% 🟢)	2.125s	10	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.094s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.913s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.107s (+0.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.899s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.108s (-0.6%)	2.010s (~)	0.902s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.114s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.897s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.139s (-1.6%)	2.010s (~)	0.871s	10	1.04x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.143s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.864s	10	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.843s (-34.7% 🟢)	3.753s (-17.4% 🟢)	1.911s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.853s (-30.9% 🟢)	3.656s (-26.9% 🟢)	1.804s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.862s (-30.6% 🟢)	3.901s (-13.8% 🟢)	2.039s	10	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.539s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.484s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.551s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.472s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.560s (~)	11.018s (~)	0.458s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.573s (~)	11.019s (~)	0.446s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.809s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.214s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.889s (~)	11.352s (+3.0%)	0.462s	3	1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	14.280s (-21.4% 🟢)	16.322s (-17.9% 🟢)	2.043s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	14.736s (-9.4% 🟢)	16.736s (-10.2% 🟢)	1.999s	2	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.834s (-30.7% 🟢)	16.703s (-28.2% 🟢)	1.869s	2	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.791s (~)	14.017s (~)	0.226s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	13.820s (~)	14.028s (~)	0.208s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.823s (~)	14.021s (~)	0.198s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.849s (~)	14.028s (~)	0.179s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.360s (~)	15.030s (~)	0.670s	4	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.490s (~)	15.017s (~)	0.527s	4	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	23.277s (-24.4% 🟢)	25.483s (-22.4% 🟢)	2.206s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	23.554s (-32.5% 🟢)	25.626s (-30.6% 🟢)	2.072s	3	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	23.646s (-28.3% 🟢)	25.447s (-27.0% 🟢)	1.801s	3	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	12.466s (-1.7%)	13.016s (~)	0.549s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	12.523s (~)	13.025s (~)	0.502s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	12.597s (~)	13.027s (~)	0.431s	7	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.831s (+1.9%)	13.303s (+2.2%)	0.472s	7	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.682s (~)	14.027s (~)	0.345s	7	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.752s (-1.6%)	14.019s (-1.0%)	0.268s	7	1.10x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	33.719s (-3.0%)	36.136s (-2.6%)	2.417s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	34.038s (-3.1%)	36.769s (-2.0%)	2.731s	3	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	37.427s (-1.3%)	40.332s (+2.1%)	2.905s	3	1.11x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.212s (+0.5%)	2.008s (~)	0.796s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.212s (+1.7%)	2.007s (~)	0.795s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.213s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.794s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.248s (+7.3% 🔺)	2.006s (~)	0.758s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.303s (-4.0%)	2.007s (-3.3%)	0.704s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.366s (+2.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.640s	15	1.13x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.318s (-25.0% 🟢)	3.899s (-15.0% 🟢)	1.581s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.378s (+1.3%)	3.969s (-1.2%)	1.591s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.454s (-3.8%)	3.990s (-2.0%)	1.536s	8	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.334s (-0.6%)	2.592s (+3.3%)	1.258s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.407s (+3.6%)	2.393s (-4.6%)	0.986s	13	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.592s (-2.8%)	2.294s (-8.6% 🟢)	0.702s	14	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.600s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.406s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.711s (+5.0% 🔺)	2.006s (~)	0.295s	15	1.28x
💻 Local	Express	2.065s (+9.0% 🔺)	2.471s (+14.8% 🔺)	0.406s	13	1.55x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.392s (-17.6% 🟢)	5.282s (-12.8% 🟢)	1.890s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.657s (-3.0%)	5.390s (~)	1.732s	6	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.834s (+9.4% 🔺)	5.777s (+10.0% 🔺)	1.943s	6	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.653s (+1.9%)	4.014s (+3.3%)	2.361s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.727s (+6.3% 🔺)	4.012s (-3.1%)	2.285s	8	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.772s (-27.6% 🟢)	3.760s (-15.4% 🟢)	0.988s	8	1.68x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.577s (~)	5.178s (~)	0.602s	6	2.77x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.749s (+18.1% 🔺)	5.179s (+13.0% 🔺)	0.430s	6	2.87x
💻 Local	Express	5.519s (+5.4% 🔺)	5.845s (~)	0.326s	6	3.34x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.467s (+19.5% 🔺)	7.579s (+15.5% 🔺)	2.112s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.098s (+61.0% 🔺)	7.907s (+46.2% 🔺)	1.808s	4	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.220s (+46.5% 🔺)	8.628s (+50.6% 🔺)	2.408s	4	1.14x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.195s (-2.2%)	2.007s (~)	0.812s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.208s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.799s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.304s (+1.4%)	2.008s (~)	0.704s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.384s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.622s	15	1.16x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.547s (+2.4%)	2.006s (~)	0.460s	15	1.29x
💻 Local	Express	1.578s (-2.2%)	2.007s (~)	0.429s	15	1.32x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.405s (+4.3%)	3.820s (-3.2%)	1.415s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.423s (-62.6% 🟢)	3.700s (-53.9% 🟢)	1.278s	9	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.461s (+8.2% 🔺)	4.085s (+6.0% 🔺)	1.624s	8	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.350s (-3.3%)	2.509s (+1.6%)	1.160s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.364s (+0.5%)	2.317s (-10.6% 🟢)	0.953s	13	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.545s (+0.5%)	2.221s (~)	0.676s	14	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.887s (+5.4% 🔺)	2.315s (+11.7% 🔺)	0.428s	13	1.40x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.020s (+4.6%)	2.591s (+16.6% 🔺)	0.571s	12	1.50x
💻 Local	Express	2.186s (-15.1% 🟢)	2.591s (-16.6% 🟢)	0.405s	12	1.62x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.686s (-28.3% 🟢)	3.995s (-26.8% 🟢)	1.308s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.121s (-22.2% 🟢)	5.152s (-10.3% 🟢)	2.031s	6	1.16x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.368s (+1.1%)	4.862s (-9.0% 🟢)	1.494s	7	1.25x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.642s (-5.0%)	4.299s (+10.6% 🔺)	2.656s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.693s (-3.4%)	4.012s (-3.0%)	2.319s	8	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.857s (-25.6% 🟢)	4.013s (-9.7% 🟢)	1.156s	8	1.74x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.016s (-5.2% 🟢)	5.515s (-8.3% 🟢)	0.499s	6	3.05x
💻 Local	Express	5.795s (-8.6% 🟢)	6.216s (-11.4% 🟢)	0.420s	5	3.53x
💻 Local	Nitro	6.023s (+26.5% 🔺)	6.819s (+27.5% 🔺)	0.796s	5	3.67x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	4.371s (-33.7% 🟢)	6.186s (-25.9% 🟢)	1.815s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.040s (+2.3%)	7.308s (+12.5% 🔺)	2.268s	5	1.15x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.213s (~)	7.552s (+8.4% 🔺)	2.338s	4	1.19x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.583s (-9.5% 🟢)	1.023s (-1.8%)	0.440s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.587s (-0.8%)	1.023s (+1.7%)	0.436s	59	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.601s (+3.1%)	1.005s (~)	0.404s	60	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	0.663s (+0.6%)	1.022s (-1.7%)	0.359s	59	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.817s (-3.8%)	1.006s (-1.7%)	0.189s	60	1.40x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.878s (-0.8%)	1.039s (-1.7%)	0.161s	58	1.50x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	6.186s (-26.9% 🟢)	7.879s (-22.0% 🟢)	1.693s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	6.507s (-1.1%)	8.264s (-4.2%)	1.757s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.927s (-6.6% 🟢)	8.857s (-5.2% 🟢)	1.930s	7	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.372s (-5.1% 🟢)	2.052s (+2.2%)	0.680s	44	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.430s (~)	2.053s (+1.1%)	0.622s	44	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.508s (+2.1%)	2.006s (~)	0.498s	45	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	1.588s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.419s	45	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.941s (-4.7%)	2.151s (-16.1% 🟢)	0.210s	42	1.41x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.145s (+0.8%)	3.009s (~)	0.864s	30	1.56x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	15.095s (-19.6% 🟢)	17.268s (-16.8% 🟢)	2.174s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	15.916s (-20.1% 🟢)	18.292s (-18.3% 🟢)	2.376s	5	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Express	16.686s (-17.1% 🟢)	18.647s (-14.7% 🟢)	1.961s	5	1.11x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.727s (-1.9%)	3.086s (-1.6%)	0.359s	39	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.976s (+5.5% 🔺)	3.397s (+8.3% 🔺)	0.422s	36	1.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.313s (+4.6%)	4.043s (+3.3%)	0.730s	30	1.21x
💻 Local	Express	3.405s (+1.9%)	4.011s (~)	0.606s	30	1.25x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.831s (-4.8%)	4.110s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.279s	30	1.40x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.575s (+0.8%)	5.053s (~)	0.478s	24	1.68x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	30.084s (-17.0% 🟢)	32.889s (-13.9% 🟢)	2.806s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	30.093s (-22.2% 🟢)	32.724s (-19.0% 🟢)	2.631s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	33.218s (-26.0% 🟢)	36.130s (-22.6% 🟢)	2.912s	4	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.244s (-6.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.762s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.250s (-4.2%)	1.006s (~)	0.756s	60	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.311s (+0.8%)	1.006s (~)	0.696s	60	1.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.454s (+5.2% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.551s	60	1.86x
💻 Local	Express	0.462s (+8.0% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.543s	60	1.89x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.564s (-12.7% 🟢)	1.005s (-5.1% 🟢)	0.441s	60	2.31x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.833s (-36.5% 🟢)	3.794s (-24.6% 🟢)	1.962s	16	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.203s (-28.3% 🟢)	4.190s (-16.4% 🟢)	1.986s	15	1.20x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.247s (-37.1% 🟢)	4.134s (-26.0% 🟢)	1.887s	15	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.400s (-12.6% 🟢)	1.006s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.606s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.423s (+2.8%)	1.041s (+3.4%)	0.618s	87	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.618s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.240s (-2.8%)	0.622s	73	1.55x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.184s (+8.6% 🔺)	2.767s (+13.4% 🔺)	0.584s	33	5.46x
💻 Local	Express	2.245s (+2.5%)	2.913s (+2.1%)	0.668s	31	5.62x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.497s (-2.4%)	3.224s (-1.1%)	0.728s	28	6.25x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.219s (-37.6% 🟢)	4.988s (-30.9% 🟢)	1.769s	19	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.388s (-2.8%)	5.242s (+1.4%)	1.854s	18	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.690s (-3.0%)	5.812s (+1.3%)	2.122s	16	1.15x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.798s (-5.3% 🟢)	1.326s (-9.9% 🟢)	0.528s	91	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.824s (-2.8%)	1.352s (-10.3% 🟢)	0.528s	90	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.866s (-7.2% 🟢)	3.681s (-3.8%)	0.816s	33	3.59x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.345s (+7.1% 🔺)	10.032s (+8.4% 🔺)	0.687s	12	11.71x
💻 Local	Express	9.995s (+1.3%)	10.696s (+4.0%)	0.701s	12	12.52x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	11.013s (+5.0%)	11.850s (+4.0%)	0.837s	11	13.80x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	6.218s (-7.9% 🟢)	8.141s (-5.7% 🟢)	1.922s	15	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	6.430s (-5.9% 🟢)	8.691s (+0.8%)	2.261s	14	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.483s (+4.0%)	10.018s (+11.7% 🔺)	2.535s	12	1.20x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.160s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.010s (+2.0%)	2.018s (~)	0.858s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.170s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.012s (+1.6%)	2.020s (~)	0.850s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.174s (~)	1.998s (~)	0.001s (+27.3% 🔺)	2.010s (~)	0.837s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.178s (-1.7%)	1.997s (~)	0.001s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.832s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.226s (-1.4%)	2.002s (~)	0.001s (-16.7% 🟢)	2.011s (~)	0.784s	10	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.228s (-1.7%)	2.003s (~)	0.011s (-1.9%)	2.018s (~)	0.790s	10	1.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.527s (-5.8% 🟢)	3.723s (-0.6%)	1.524s (+82.0% 🔺)	5.771s (+13.5% 🔺)	3.244s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.557s (~)	3.645s (-1.8%)	1.154s (+55.9% 🔺)	5.296s (+6.7% 🔺)	2.738s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.620s (+10.9% 🔺)	3.621s (+2.6%)	1.247s (+77.3% 🔺)	5.373s (+12.2% 🔺)	2.754s	10	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.578s (+0.7%)	2.010s (~)	0.013s (+14.6% 🔺)	2.025s (~)	0.448s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.603s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.005s (+2.7%)	2.027s (~)	0.424s	30	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.608s (-1.9%)	2.007s (~)	0.005s (+0.6%)	2.028s (~)	0.420s	30	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.611s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.013s (+6.2% 🔺)	2.026s (~)	0.416s	30	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.735s (-0.7%)	2.008s (~)	0.011s (-17.3% 🟢)	2.023s (~)	0.288s	30	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.761s (-1.7%)	2.011s (~)	0.005s (-3.6%)	2.026s (~)	0.265s	30	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	6.370s (-7.7% 🟢)	7.860s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.277s (-19.6% 🟢)	8.601s (-6.8% 🟢)	2.231s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.386s (-7.0% 🟢)	8.159s (-4.9%)	0.282s (-9.9% 🟢)	8.937s (-4.7%)	2.551s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.476s (-3.8%)	7.838s (-2.6%)	0.234s (+6.5% 🔺)	8.506s (-3.4%)	2.030s	8	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.782s (-3.8%)	1.047s (-1.6%)	0.000s (+194.7% 🔺)	1.064s (-1.5%)	0.282s	57	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.802s (+0.6%)	1.050s (~)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.082s (+2.0%)	0.280s	56	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.975s (-5.1% 🟢)	1.418s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	1.426s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.451s	43	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	1.466s (+3.3%)	2.013s (~)	0.000s (-28.6% 🟢)	2.015s (~)	0.549s	30	1.88x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.535s (+13.6% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.000s (~)	2.017s (~)	0.482s	30	1.96x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.539s (+1.7%)	2.013s (~)	0.000s (-9.1% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.478s	30	1.97x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.032s (-19.5% 🟢)	4.491s (-15.8% 🟢)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	4.989s (-15.2% 🟢)	1.957s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.082s (-25.0% 🟢)	4.281s (-25.5% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	4.733s (-24.2% 🟢)	1.651s	13	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.181s (-13.9% 🟢)	4.530s (-7.6% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.012s (-9.8% 🟢)	1.831s	12	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.593s (-3.6%)	2.137s (-1.8%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.152s (-1.6%)	0.559s	28	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.736s (+2.5%)	2.253s (+3.6%)	0.000s (-48.1% 🟢)	2.272s (+3.6%)	0.536s	27	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.135s (-5.3% 🟢)	2.653s (-2.8%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.662s (-2.8%)	0.526s	23	1.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.046s (+7.4% 🔺)	3.468s (+1.5%)	0.000s (-11.1% 🟢)	3.476s (+1.7%)	0.430s	18	1.91x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.322s (+7.8% 🔺)	3.893s (~)	0.001s (+28.6% 🔺)	3.906s (~)	0.583s	16	2.09x
💻 Local	Express	3.347s (+0.9%)	4.028s (~)	0.000s (-53.3% 🟢)	4.030s (~)	0.683s	15	2.10x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.059s (+2.8%)	6.517s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	7.047s (+3.6%)	1.988s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.187s (-14.5% 🟢)	6.629s (-12.7% 🟢)	0.006s (+655.6% 🔺)	7.277s (-11.1% 🟢)	2.090s	9	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.652s (-20.0% 🟢)	7.189s (-12.6% 🟢)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	7.744s (-11.6% 🟢)	2.091s	8	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	11/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	11/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	11/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	16/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	16/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	16/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[socket-security]

Review the following changes in direct dependencies. Learn more about Socket for GitHub.

Diff	Package	Supply Chain Security	Vulnerability	Quality	Maintenance	License
	npm/​@​astrojs/​node@​10.1.4
	npm/​@​astrojs/​vercel@​10.0.8
	npm/​astro@​6.4.6

View full report

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2461. (backport job run)

[pranaygp]

Summary

Resolves VULN-11836 — CVE-2026-54299 (GHSA-2pvr-wf23-7pc7, High): Host header SSRF in prerendered error page fetch in astro.

The advisory's only patched version is astro 6.4.6 (< 6.4.6 is vulnerable) — there is no 5.x backport, so the fix requires moving to the 6.x line.

Changes

• workbench/astro (the flagged app, resolved to astro@5.16.3):
  • astro^5.15.6 → ^6.4.6
  • @astrojs/node9.5.0 → 10.1.4 (astro 6 peer compat)
  • @astrojs/vercel^9.0.0 → ^10.0.8 (astro 6 peer compat)
• packages/astro (@workflow/astro): astro devDependency 5.18.0 → 6.4.6 (typecheck-only, not shipped) — clears the last vulnerable astro from the lockfile.

After the bump the lockfile contains only astro@6.4.6 — both astro@5.16.3 and astro@5.18.0 are gone.

Notes

• Pinned 6.4.6 rather than the latest 6.4.7 because the repo's minimumReleaseAge (48h) guard blocks 6.4.7 (published <48h ago); 6.4.6 is the advisory's patched version.
• astro 6 requires Node >=22.12.0; CI runs node 22.x/24.x, so this is satisfied.

Verification

• @workflow/astro integration typechecks (tsc) against astro 6.4.6.
• workbench/astro builds cleanly under both the @astrojs/node (local/CI) and @astrojs/vercel (deploy) adapter paths.

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm

[Copilot]

Copilot was unable to review this pull request because the user who requested the review has reached their quota limit.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: e6702f6

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/astro	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1442	0	219	1661
✅ 💻 Local Development	1895	0	219	2114
✅ 📦 Local Production	1895	0	219	2114
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1881	0	233	2114
✅ 🪟 Windows	151	0	0	151
✅ 📋 Other	879	0	178	1057
Total	8143	0	1068	9211

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	125	0	26
✅ example	125	0	26
✅ express	125	0	26
✅ fastify	125	0	26
✅ hono	125	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	149	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	149	0	2
✅ nitro	125	0	26
✅ nuxt	125	0	26
✅ sveltekit	144	0	7
✅ vite	125	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	126	0	25
✅ express-stable	126	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	126	0	25
✅ hono-stable	126	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	126	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	126	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	145	0	6
✅ vite-stable	126	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	126	0	25
✅ express-stable	126	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	126	0	25
✅ hono-stable	126	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	126	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	126	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	145	0	6
✅ vite-stable	126	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	125	0	26
✅ express-stable	125	0	26
✅ fastify-stable	125	0	26
✅ hono-stable	125	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	131	0	20
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	150	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	150	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	131	0	20
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	150	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	150	0	1
✅ nitro-stable	125	0	26
✅ nuxt-stable	125	0	26
✅ sveltekit-stable	144	0	7
✅ vite-stable	125	0	26

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	151	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	126	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	126	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	125	0	26
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	125	0	26
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	126	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	126	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	125	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.045s (-6.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.960s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.047s (+12.2% 🔺)	1.008s (~)	0.961s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.062s (-4.5%)	1.013s (~)	0.951s	10	1.37x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.063s (+2.8%)	1.007s (~)	0.944s	10	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.063s (+3.1%)	1.012s (~)	0.949s	10	1.39x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.068s (-6.3% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.944s	10	1.51x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.321s (-71.0% 🟢)	2.398s (-33.0% 🟢)	2.077s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.325s (-83.6% 🟢)	2.160s (-47.4% 🟢)	1.836s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.355s (-40.9% 🟢)	2.479s (-6.8% 🟢)	2.125s	10	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.094s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.913s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.107s (+0.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.899s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.108s (-0.6%)	2.010s (~)	0.902s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.114s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.897s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.139s (-1.6%)	2.010s (~)	0.871s	10	1.04x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.143s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.864s	10	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.843s (-34.7% 🟢)	3.753s (-17.4% 🟢)	1.911s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.853s (-30.9% 🟢)	3.656s (-26.9% 🟢)	1.804s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.862s (-30.6% 🟢)	3.901s (-13.8% 🟢)	2.039s	10	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.539s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.484s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.551s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.472s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.560s (~)	11.018s (~)	0.458s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.573s (~)	11.019s (~)	0.446s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.809s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.214s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.889s (~)	11.352s (+3.0%)	0.462s	3	1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	14.280s (-21.4% 🟢)	16.322s (-17.9% 🟢)	2.043s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	14.736s (-9.4% 🟢)	16.736s (-10.2% 🟢)	1.999s	2	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.834s (-30.7% 🟢)	16.703s (-28.2% 🟢)	1.869s	2	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.791s (~)	14.017s (~)	0.226s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	13.820s (~)	14.028s (~)	0.208s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.823s (~)	14.021s (~)	0.198s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.849s (~)	14.028s (~)	0.179s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.360s (~)	15.030s (~)	0.670s	4	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.490s (~)	15.017s (~)	0.527s	4	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	23.277s (-24.4% 🟢)	25.483s (-22.4% 🟢)	2.206s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	23.554s (-32.5% 🟢)	25.626s (-30.6% 🟢)	2.072s	3	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	23.646s (-28.3% 🟢)	25.447s (-27.0% 🟢)	1.801s	3	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	12.466s (-1.7%)	13.016s (~)	0.549s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	12.523s (~)	13.025s (~)	0.502s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	12.597s (~)	13.027s (~)	0.431s	7	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.831s (+1.9%)	13.303s (+2.2%)	0.472s	7	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.682s (~)	14.027s (~)	0.345s	7	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.752s (-1.6%)	14.019s (-1.0%)	0.268s	7	1.10x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	33.719s (-3.0%)	36.136s (-2.6%)	2.417s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	34.038s (-3.1%)	36.769s (-2.0%)	2.731s	3	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	37.427s (-1.3%)	40.332s (+2.1%)	2.905s	3	1.11x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.212s (+0.5%)	2.008s (~)	0.796s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.212s (+1.7%)	2.007s (~)	0.795s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.213s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.794s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.248s (+7.3% 🔺)	2.006s (~)	0.758s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.303s (-4.0%)	2.007s (-3.3%)	0.704s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.366s (+2.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.640s	15	1.13x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.318s (-25.0% 🟢)	3.899s (-15.0% 🟢)	1.581s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.378s (+1.3%)	3.969s (-1.2%)	1.591s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.454s (-3.8%)	3.990s (-2.0%)	1.536s	8	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.334s (-0.6%)	2.592s (+3.3%)	1.258s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.407s (+3.6%)	2.393s (-4.6%)	0.986s	13	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.592s (-2.8%)	2.294s (-8.6% 🟢)	0.702s	14	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.600s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.406s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.711s (+5.0% 🔺)	2.006s (~)	0.295s	15	1.28x
💻 Local	Express	2.065s (+9.0% 🔺)	2.471s (+14.8% 🔺)	0.406s	13	1.55x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.392s (-17.6% 🟢)	5.282s (-12.8% 🟢)	1.890s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.657s (-3.0%)	5.390s (~)	1.732s	6	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.834s (+9.4% 🔺)	5.777s (+10.0% 🔺)	1.943s	6	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.653s (+1.9%)	4.014s (+3.3%)	2.361s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.727s (+6.3% 🔺)	4.012s (-3.1%)	2.285s	8	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.772s (-27.6% 🟢)	3.760s (-15.4% 🟢)	0.988s	8	1.68x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.577s (~)	5.178s (~)	0.602s	6	2.77x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.749s (+18.1% 🔺)	5.179s (+13.0% 🔺)	0.430s	6	2.87x
💻 Local	Express	5.519s (+5.4% 🔺)	5.845s (~)	0.326s	6	3.34x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.467s (+19.5% 🔺)	7.579s (+15.5% 🔺)	2.112s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.098s (+61.0% 🔺)	7.907s (+46.2% 🔺)	1.808s	4	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.220s (+46.5% 🔺)	8.628s (+50.6% 🔺)	2.408s	4	1.14x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.195s (-2.2%)	2.007s (~)	0.812s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.208s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.799s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.304s (+1.4%)	2.008s (~)	0.704s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.384s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.622s	15	1.16x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.547s (+2.4%)	2.006s (~)	0.460s	15	1.29x
💻 Local	Express	1.578s (-2.2%)	2.007s (~)	0.429s	15	1.32x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.405s (+4.3%)	3.820s (-3.2%)	1.415s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.423s (-62.6% 🟢)	3.700s (-53.9% 🟢)	1.278s	9	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.461s (+8.2% 🔺)	4.085s (+6.0% 🔺)	1.624s	8	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.350s (-3.3%)	2.509s (+1.6%)	1.160s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.364s (+0.5%)	2.317s (-10.6% 🟢)	0.953s	13	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.545s (+0.5%)	2.221s (~)	0.676s	14	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.887s (+5.4% 🔺)	2.315s (+11.7% 🔺)	0.428s	13	1.40x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.020s (+4.6%)	2.591s (+16.6% 🔺)	0.571s	12	1.50x
💻 Local	Express	2.186s (-15.1% 🟢)	2.591s (-16.6% 🟢)	0.405s	12	1.62x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.686s (-28.3% 🟢)	3.995s (-26.8% 🟢)	1.308s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.121s (-22.2% 🟢)	5.152s (-10.3% 🟢)	2.031s	6	1.16x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.368s (+1.1%)	4.862s (-9.0% 🟢)	1.494s	7	1.25x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.642s (-5.0%)	4.299s (+10.6% 🔺)	2.656s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.693s (-3.4%)	4.012s (-3.0%)	2.319s	8	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.857s (-25.6% 🟢)	4.013s (-9.7% 🟢)	1.156s	8	1.74x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.016s (-5.2% 🟢)	5.515s (-8.3% 🟢)	0.499s	6	3.05x
💻 Local	Express	5.795s (-8.6% 🟢)	6.216s (-11.4% 🟢)	0.420s	5	3.53x
💻 Local	Nitro	6.023s (+26.5% 🔺)	6.819s (+27.5% 🔺)	0.796s	5	3.67x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	4.371s (-33.7% 🟢)	6.186s (-25.9% 🟢)	1.815s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.040s (+2.3%)	7.308s (+12.5% 🔺)	2.268s	5	1.15x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.213s (~)	7.552s (+8.4% 🔺)	2.338s	4	1.19x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.583s (-9.5% 🟢)	1.023s (-1.8%)	0.440s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.587s (-0.8%)	1.023s (+1.7%)	0.436s	59	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.601s (+3.1%)	1.005s (~)	0.404s	60	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	0.663s (+0.6%)	1.022s (-1.7%)	0.359s	59	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.817s (-3.8%)	1.006s (-1.7%)	0.189s	60	1.40x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.878s (-0.8%)	1.039s (-1.7%)	0.161s	58	1.50x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	6.186s (-26.9% 🟢)	7.879s (-22.0% 🟢)	1.693s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	6.507s (-1.1%)	8.264s (-4.2%)	1.757s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.927s (-6.6% 🟢)	8.857s (-5.2% 🟢)	1.930s	7	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.372s (-5.1% 🟢)	2.052s (+2.2%)	0.680s	44	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.430s (~)	2.053s (+1.1%)	0.622s	44	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.508s (+2.1%)	2.006s (~)	0.498s	45	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	1.588s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.419s	45	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.941s (-4.7%)	2.151s (-16.1% 🟢)	0.210s	42	1.41x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.145s (+0.8%)	3.009s (~)	0.864s	30	1.56x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	15.095s (-19.6% 🟢)	17.268s (-16.8% 🟢)	2.174s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	15.916s (-20.1% 🟢)	18.292s (-18.3% 🟢)	2.376s	5	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Express	16.686s (-17.1% 🟢)	18.647s (-14.7% 🟢)	1.961s	5	1.11x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.727s (-1.9%)	3.086s (-1.6%)	0.359s	39	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.976s (+5.5% 🔺)	3.397s (+8.3% 🔺)	0.422s	36	1.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.313s (+4.6%)	4.043s (+3.3%)	0.730s	30	1.21x
💻 Local	Express	3.405s (+1.9%)	4.011s (~)	0.606s	30	1.25x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.831s (-4.8%)	4.110s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.279s	30	1.40x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.575s (+0.8%)	5.053s (~)	0.478s	24	1.68x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	30.084s (-17.0% 🟢)	32.889s (-13.9% 🟢)	2.806s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	30.093s (-22.2% 🟢)	32.724s (-19.0% 🟢)	2.631s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	33.218s (-26.0% 🟢)	36.130s (-22.6% 🟢)	2.912s	4	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.244s (-6.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.762s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.250s (-4.2%)	1.006s (~)	0.756s	60	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.311s (+0.8%)	1.006s (~)	0.696s	60	1.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.454s (+5.2% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.551s	60	1.86x
💻 Local	Express	0.462s (+8.0% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.543s	60	1.89x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.564s (-12.7% 🟢)	1.005s (-5.1% 🟢)	0.441s	60	2.31x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.833s (-36.5% 🟢)	3.794s (-24.6% 🟢)	1.962s	16	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.203s (-28.3% 🟢)	4.190s (-16.4% 🟢)	1.986s	15	1.20x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.247s (-37.1% 🟢)	4.134s (-26.0% 🟢)	1.887s	15	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.400s (-12.6% 🟢)	1.006s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.606s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.423s (+2.8%)	1.041s (+3.4%)	0.618s	87	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.618s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.240s (-2.8%)	0.622s	73	1.55x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.184s (+8.6% 🔺)	2.767s (+13.4% 🔺)	0.584s	33	5.46x
💻 Local	Express	2.245s (+2.5%)	2.913s (+2.1%)	0.668s	31	5.62x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.497s (-2.4%)	3.224s (-1.1%)	0.728s	28	6.25x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.219s (-37.6% 🟢)	4.988s (-30.9% 🟢)	1.769s	19	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.388s (-2.8%)	5.242s (+1.4%)	1.854s	18	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.690s (-3.0%)	5.812s (+1.3%)	2.122s	16	1.15x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.798s (-5.3% 🟢)	1.326s (-9.9% 🟢)	0.528s	91	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.824s (-2.8%)	1.352s (-10.3% 🟢)	0.528s	90	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.866s (-7.2% 🟢)	3.681s (-3.8%)	0.816s	33	3.59x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.345s (+7.1% 🔺)	10.032s (+8.4% 🔺)	0.687s	12	11.71x
💻 Local	Express	9.995s (+1.3%)	10.696s (+4.0%)	0.701s	12	12.52x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	11.013s (+5.0%)	11.850s (+4.0%)	0.837s	11	13.80x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	6.218s (-7.9% 🟢)	8.141s (-5.7% 🟢)	1.922s	15	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	6.430s (-5.9% 🟢)	8.691s (+0.8%)	2.261s	14	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.483s (+4.0%)	10.018s (+11.7% 🔺)	2.535s	12	1.20x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.160s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.010s (+2.0%)	2.018s (~)	0.858s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.170s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.012s (+1.6%)	2.020s (~)	0.850s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.174s (~)	1.998s (~)	0.001s (+27.3% 🔺)	2.010s (~)	0.837s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.178s (-1.7%)	1.997s (~)	0.001s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.832s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.226s (-1.4%)	2.002s (~)	0.001s (-16.7% 🟢)	2.011s (~)	0.784s	10	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.228s (-1.7%)	2.003s (~)	0.011s (-1.9%)	2.018s (~)	0.790s	10	1.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.527s (-5.8% 🟢)	3.723s (-0.6%)	1.524s (+82.0% 🔺)	5.771s (+13.5% 🔺)	3.244s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.557s (~)	3.645s (-1.8%)	1.154s (+55.9% 🔺)	5.296s (+6.7% 🔺)	2.738s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.620s (+10.9% 🔺)	3.621s (+2.6%)	1.247s (+77.3% 🔺)	5.373s (+12.2% 🔺)	2.754s	10	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.578s (+0.7%)	2.010s (~)	0.013s (+14.6% 🔺)	2.025s (~)	0.448s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.603s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.005s (+2.7%)	2.027s (~)	0.424s	30	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.608s (-1.9%)	2.007s (~)	0.005s (+0.6%)	2.028s (~)	0.420s	30	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.611s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.013s (+6.2% 🔺)	2.026s (~)	0.416s	30	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.735s (-0.7%)	2.008s (~)	0.011s (-17.3% 🟢)	2.023s (~)	0.288s	30	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.761s (-1.7%)	2.011s (~)	0.005s (-3.6%)	2.026s (~)	0.265s	30	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	6.370s (-7.7% 🟢)	7.860s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.277s (-19.6% 🟢)	8.601s (-6.8% 🟢)	2.231s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.386s (-7.0% 🟢)	8.159s (-4.9%)	0.282s (-9.9% 🟢)	8.937s (-4.7%)	2.551s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.476s (-3.8%)	7.838s (-2.6%)	0.234s (+6.5% 🔺)	8.506s (-3.4%)	2.030s	8	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.782s (-3.8%)	1.047s (-1.6%)	0.000s (+194.7% 🔺)	1.064s (-1.5%)	0.282s	57	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.802s (+0.6%)	1.050s (~)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.082s (+2.0%)	0.280s	56	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.975s (-5.1% 🟢)	1.418s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	1.426s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.451s	43	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	1.466s (+3.3%)	2.013s (~)	0.000s (-28.6% 🟢)	2.015s (~)	0.549s	30	1.88x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.535s (+13.6% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.000s (~)	2.017s (~)	0.482s	30	1.96x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.539s (+1.7%)	2.013s (~)	0.000s (-9.1% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.478s	30	1.97x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.032s (-19.5% 🟢)	4.491s (-15.8% 🟢)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	4.989s (-15.2% 🟢)	1.957s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.082s (-25.0% 🟢)	4.281s (-25.5% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	4.733s (-24.2% 🟢)	1.651s	13	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.181s (-13.9% 🟢)	4.530s (-7.6% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.012s (-9.8% 🟢)	1.831s	12	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.593s (-3.6%)	2.137s (-1.8%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.152s (-1.6%)	0.559s	28	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.736s (+2.5%)	2.253s (+3.6%)	0.000s (-48.1% 🟢)	2.272s (+3.6%)	0.536s	27	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.135s (-5.3% 🟢)	2.653s (-2.8%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.662s (-2.8%)	0.526s	23	1.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.046s (+7.4% 🔺)	3.468s (+1.5%)	0.000s (-11.1% 🟢)	3.476s (+1.7%)	0.430s	18	1.91x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.322s (+7.8% 🔺)	3.893s (~)	0.001s (+28.6% 🔺)	3.906s (~)	0.583s	16	2.09x
💻 Local	Express	3.347s (+0.9%)	4.028s (~)	0.000s (-53.3% 🟢)	4.030s (~)	0.683s	15	2.10x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.059s (+2.8%)	6.517s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	7.047s (+3.6%)	1.988s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.187s (-14.5% 🟢)	6.629s (-12.7% 🟢)	0.006s (+655.6% 🔺)	7.277s (-11.1% 🟢)	2.090s	9	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.652s (-20.0% 🟢)	7.189s (-12.6% 🟢)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	7.744s (-11.6% 🟢)	2.091s	8	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	11/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	11/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	11/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	16/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	16/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	16/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[socket-security]

Review the following changes in direct dependencies. Learn more about Socket for GitHub.

Diff	Package	Supply Chain Security	Vulnerability	Quality	Maintenance	License
	npm/​@​astrojs/​node@​10.1.4
	npm/​@​astrojs/​vercel@​10.0.8
	npm/​astro@​6.4.6

View full report

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2461. (backport job run)

[pranaygp]

Summary

Resolves VULN-11836 — CVE-2026-54299 (GHSA-2pvr-wf23-7pc7, High): Host header SSRF in prerendered error page fetch in astro.

The advisory's only patched version is astro 6.4.6 (< 6.4.6 is vulnerable) — there is no 5.x backport, so the fix requires moving to the 6.x line.

Changes

• workbench/astro (the flagged app, resolved to astro@5.16.3):
  • astro^5.15.6 → ^6.4.6
  • @astrojs/node9.5.0 → 10.1.4 (astro 6 peer compat)
  • @astrojs/vercel^9.0.0 → ^10.0.8 (astro 6 peer compat)
• packages/astro (@workflow/astro): astro devDependency 5.18.0 → 6.4.6 (typecheck-only, not shipped) — clears the last vulnerable astro from the lockfile.

After the bump the lockfile contains only astro@6.4.6 — both astro@5.16.3 and astro@5.18.0 are gone.

Notes

• Pinned 6.4.6 rather than the latest 6.4.7 because the repo's minimumReleaseAge (48h) guard blocks 6.4.7 (published <48h ago); 6.4.6 is the advisory's patched version.
• astro 6 requires Node >=22.12.0; CI runs node 22.x/24.x, so this is satisfied.

Verification

• @workflow/astro integration typechecks (tsc) against astro 6.4.6.
• workbench/astro builds cleanly under both the @astrojs/node (local/CI) and @astrojs/vercel (deploy) adapter paths.

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm

[Copilot]

Copilot was unable to review this pull request because the user who requested the review has reached their quota limit.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: e6702f6

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/astro	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1442	0	219	1661
✅ 💻 Local Development	1895	0	219	2114
✅ 📦 Local Production	1895	0	219	2114
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1881	0	233	2114
✅ 🪟 Windows	151	0	0	151
✅ 📋 Other	879	0	178	1057
Total	8143	0	1068	9211

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	125	0	26
✅ example	125	0	26
✅ express	125	0	26
✅ fastify	125	0	26
✅ hono	125	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	149	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	149	0	2
✅ nitro	125	0	26
✅ nuxt	125	0	26
✅ sveltekit	144	0	7
✅ vite	125	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	126	0	25
✅ express-stable	126	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	126	0	25
✅ hono-stable	126	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	126	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	126	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	145	0	6
✅ vite-stable	126	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	126	0	25
✅ express-stable	126	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	126	0	25
✅ hono-stable	126	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	126	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	126	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	145	0	6
✅ vite-stable	126	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	125	0	26
✅ express-stable	125	0	26
✅ fastify-stable	125	0	26
✅ hono-stable	125	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	131	0	20
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	150	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	150	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	131	0	20
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	150	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	150	0	1
✅ nitro-stable	125	0	26
✅ nuxt-stable	125	0	26
✅ sveltekit-stable	144	0	7
✅ vite-stable	125	0	26

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	151	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	126	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	126	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	125	0	26
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	125	0	26
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	126	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	126	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	125	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.045s (-6.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.960s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.047s (+12.2% 🔺)	1.008s (~)	0.961s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.062s (-4.5%)	1.013s (~)	0.951s	10	1.37x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.063s (+2.8%)	1.007s (~)	0.944s	10	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.063s (+3.1%)	1.012s (~)	0.949s	10	1.39x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.068s (-6.3% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.944s	10	1.51x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.321s (-71.0% 🟢)	2.398s (-33.0% 🟢)	2.077s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.325s (-83.6% 🟢)	2.160s (-47.4% 🟢)	1.836s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.355s (-40.9% 🟢)	2.479s (-6.8% 🟢)	2.125s	10	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.094s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.913s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.107s (+0.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.899s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.108s (-0.6%)	2.010s (~)	0.902s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.114s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.897s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.139s (-1.6%)	2.010s (~)	0.871s	10	1.04x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.143s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.864s	10	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.843s (-34.7% 🟢)	3.753s (-17.4% 🟢)	1.911s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.853s (-30.9% 🟢)	3.656s (-26.9% 🟢)	1.804s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.862s (-30.6% 🟢)	3.901s (-13.8% 🟢)	2.039s	10	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.539s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.484s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.551s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.472s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.560s (~)	11.018s (~)	0.458s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.573s (~)	11.019s (~)	0.446s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.809s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.214s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.889s (~)	11.352s (+3.0%)	0.462s	3	1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	14.280s (-21.4% 🟢)	16.322s (-17.9% 🟢)	2.043s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	14.736s (-9.4% 🟢)	16.736s (-10.2% 🟢)	1.999s	2	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.834s (-30.7% 🟢)	16.703s (-28.2% 🟢)	1.869s	2	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.791s (~)	14.017s (~)	0.226s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	13.820s (~)	14.028s (~)	0.208s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.823s (~)	14.021s (~)	0.198s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.849s (~)	14.028s (~)	0.179s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.360s (~)	15.030s (~)	0.670s	4	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.490s (~)	15.017s (~)	0.527s	4	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	23.277s (-24.4% 🟢)	25.483s (-22.4% 🟢)	2.206s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	23.554s (-32.5% 🟢)	25.626s (-30.6% 🟢)	2.072s	3	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	23.646s (-28.3% 🟢)	25.447s (-27.0% 🟢)	1.801s	3	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	12.466s (-1.7%)	13.016s (~)	0.549s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	12.523s (~)	13.025s (~)	0.502s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	12.597s (~)	13.027s (~)	0.431s	7	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.831s (+1.9%)	13.303s (+2.2%)	0.472s	7	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.682s (~)	14.027s (~)	0.345s	7	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.752s (-1.6%)	14.019s (-1.0%)	0.268s	7	1.10x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	33.719s (-3.0%)	36.136s (-2.6%)	2.417s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	34.038s (-3.1%)	36.769s (-2.0%)	2.731s	3	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	37.427s (-1.3%)	40.332s (+2.1%)	2.905s	3	1.11x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.212s (+0.5%)	2.008s (~)	0.796s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.212s (+1.7%)	2.007s (~)	0.795s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.213s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.794s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.248s (+7.3% 🔺)	2.006s (~)	0.758s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.303s (-4.0%)	2.007s (-3.3%)	0.704s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.366s (+2.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.640s	15	1.13x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.318s (-25.0% 🟢)	3.899s (-15.0% 🟢)	1.581s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.378s (+1.3%)	3.969s (-1.2%)	1.591s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.454s (-3.8%)	3.990s (-2.0%)	1.536s	8	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.334s (-0.6%)	2.592s (+3.3%)	1.258s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.407s (+3.6%)	2.393s (-4.6%)	0.986s	13	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.592s (-2.8%)	2.294s (-8.6% 🟢)	0.702s	14	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.600s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.406s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.711s (+5.0% 🔺)	2.006s (~)	0.295s	15	1.28x
💻 Local	Express	2.065s (+9.0% 🔺)	2.471s (+14.8% 🔺)	0.406s	13	1.55x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.392s (-17.6% 🟢)	5.282s (-12.8% 🟢)	1.890s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.657s (-3.0%)	5.390s (~)	1.732s	6	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.834s (+9.4% 🔺)	5.777s (+10.0% 🔺)	1.943s	6	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.653s (+1.9%)	4.014s (+3.3%)	2.361s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.727s (+6.3% 🔺)	4.012s (-3.1%)	2.285s	8	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.772s (-27.6% 🟢)	3.760s (-15.4% 🟢)	0.988s	8	1.68x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.577s (~)	5.178s (~)	0.602s	6	2.77x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.749s (+18.1% 🔺)	5.179s (+13.0% 🔺)	0.430s	6	2.87x
💻 Local	Express	5.519s (+5.4% 🔺)	5.845s (~)	0.326s	6	3.34x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.467s (+19.5% 🔺)	7.579s (+15.5% 🔺)	2.112s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.098s (+61.0% 🔺)	7.907s (+46.2% 🔺)	1.808s	4	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.220s (+46.5% 🔺)	8.628s (+50.6% 🔺)	2.408s	4	1.14x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.195s (-2.2%)	2.007s (~)	0.812s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.208s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.799s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.304s (+1.4%)	2.008s (~)	0.704s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.384s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.622s	15	1.16x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.547s (+2.4%)	2.006s (~)	0.460s	15	1.29x
💻 Local	Express	1.578s (-2.2%)	2.007s (~)	0.429s	15	1.32x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.405s (+4.3%)	3.820s (-3.2%)	1.415s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.423s (-62.6% 🟢)	3.700s (-53.9% 🟢)	1.278s	9	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.461s (+8.2% 🔺)	4.085s (+6.0% 🔺)	1.624s	8	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.350s (-3.3%)	2.509s (+1.6%)	1.160s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.364s (+0.5%)	2.317s (-10.6% 🟢)	0.953s	13	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.545s (+0.5%)	2.221s (~)	0.676s	14	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.887s (+5.4% 🔺)	2.315s (+11.7% 🔺)	0.428s	13	1.40x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.020s (+4.6%)	2.591s (+16.6% 🔺)	0.571s	12	1.50x
💻 Local	Express	2.186s (-15.1% 🟢)	2.591s (-16.6% 🟢)	0.405s	12	1.62x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.686s (-28.3% 🟢)	3.995s (-26.8% 🟢)	1.308s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.121s (-22.2% 🟢)	5.152s (-10.3% 🟢)	2.031s	6	1.16x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.368s (+1.1%)	4.862s (-9.0% 🟢)	1.494s	7	1.25x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.642s (-5.0%)	4.299s (+10.6% 🔺)	2.656s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.693s (-3.4%)	4.012s (-3.0%)	2.319s	8	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.857s (-25.6% 🟢)	4.013s (-9.7% 🟢)	1.156s	8	1.74x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.016s (-5.2% 🟢)	5.515s (-8.3% 🟢)	0.499s	6	3.05x
💻 Local	Express	5.795s (-8.6% 🟢)	6.216s (-11.4% 🟢)	0.420s	5	3.53x
💻 Local	Nitro	6.023s (+26.5% 🔺)	6.819s (+27.5% 🔺)	0.796s	5	3.67x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	4.371s (-33.7% 🟢)	6.186s (-25.9% 🟢)	1.815s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.040s (+2.3%)	7.308s (+12.5% 🔺)	2.268s	5	1.15x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.213s (~)	7.552s (+8.4% 🔺)	2.338s	4	1.19x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.583s (-9.5% 🟢)	1.023s (-1.8%)	0.440s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.587s (-0.8%)	1.023s (+1.7%)	0.436s	59	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.601s (+3.1%)	1.005s (~)	0.404s	60	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	0.663s (+0.6%)	1.022s (-1.7%)	0.359s	59	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.817s (-3.8%)	1.006s (-1.7%)	0.189s	60	1.40x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.878s (-0.8%)	1.039s (-1.7%)	0.161s	58	1.50x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	6.186s (-26.9% 🟢)	7.879s (-22.0% 🟢)	1.693s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	6.507s (-1.1%)	8.264s (-4.2%)	1.757s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.927s (-6.6% 🟢)	8.857s (-5.2% 🟢)	1.930s	7	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.372s (-5.1% 🟢)	2.052s (+2.2%)	0.680s	44	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.430s (~)	2.053s (+1.1%)	0.622s	44	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.508s (+2.1%)	2.006s (~)	0.498s	45	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	1.588s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.419s	45	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.941s (-4.7%)	2.151s (-16.1% 🟢)	0.210s	42	1.41x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.145s (+0.8%)	3.009s (~)	0.864s	30	1.56x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	15.095s (-19.6% 🟢)	17.268s (-16.8% 🟢)	2.174s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	15.916s (-20.1% 🟢)	18.292s (-18.3% 🟢)	2.376s	5	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Express	16.686s (-17.1% 🟢)	18.647s (-14.7% 🟢)	1.961s	5	1.11x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.727s (-1.9%)	3.086s (-1.6%)	0.359s	39	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.976s (+5.5% 🔺)	3.397s (+8.3% 🔺)	0.422s	36	1.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.313s (+4.6%)	4.043s (+3.3%)	0.730s	30	1.21x
💻 Local	Express	3.405s (+1.9%)	4.011s (~)	0.606s	30	1.25x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.831s (-4.8%)	4.110s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.279s	30	1.40x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.575s (+0.8%)	5.053s (~)	0.478s	24	1.68x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	30.084s (-17.0% 🟢)	32.889s (-13.9% 🟢)	2.806s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	30.093s (-22.2% 🟢)	32.724s (-19.0% 🟢)	2.631s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	33.218s (-26.0% 🟢)	36.130s (-22.6% 🟢)	2.912s	4	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.244s (-6.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.762s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.250s (-4.2%)	1.006s (~)	0.756s	60	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.311s (+0.8%)	1.006s (~)	0.696s	60	1.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.454s (+5.2% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.551s	60	1.86x
💻 Local	Express	0.462s (+8.0% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.543s	60	1.89x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.564s (-12.7% 🟢)	1.005s (-5.1% 🟢)	0.441s	60	2.31x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.833s (-36.5% 🟢)	3.794s (-24.6% 🟢)	1.962s	16	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.203s (-28.3% 🟢)	4.190s (-16.4% 🟢)	1.986s	15	1.20x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.247s (-37.1% 🟢)	4.134s (-26.0% 🟢)	1.887s	15	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.400s (-12.6% 🟢)	1.006s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.606s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.423s (+2.8%)	1.041s (+3.4%)	0.618s	87	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.618s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.240s (-2.8%)	0.622s	73	1.55x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.184s (+8.6% 🔺)	2.767s (+13.4% 🔺)	0.584s	33	5.46x
💻 Local	Express	2.245s (+2.5%)	2.913s (+2.1%)	0.668s	31	5.62x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.497s (-2.4%)	3.224s (-1.1%)	0.728s	28	6.25x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.219s (-37.6% 🟢)	4.988s (-30.9% 🟢)	1.769s	19	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.388s (-2.8%)	5.242s (+1.4%)	1.854s	18	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.690s (-3.0%)	5.812s (+1.3%)	2.122s	16	1.15x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.798s (-5.3% 🟢)	1.326s (-9.9% 🟢)	0.528s	91	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.824s (-2.8%)	1.352s (-10.3% 🟢)	0.528s	90	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.866s (-7.2% 🟢)	3.681s (-3.8%)	0.816s	33	3.59x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.345s (+7.1% 🔺)	10.032s (+8.4% 🔺)	0.687s	12	11.71x
💻 Local	Express	9.995s (+1.3%)	10.696s (+4.0%)	0.701s	12	12.52x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	11.013s (+5.0%)	11.850s (+4.0%)	0.837s	11	13.80x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	6.218s (-7.9% 🟢)	8.141s (-5.7% 🟢)	1.922s	15	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	6.430s (-5.9% 🟢)	8.691s (+0.8%)	2.261s	14	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.483s (+4.0%)	10.018s (+11.7% 🔺)	2.535s	12	1.20x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.160s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.010s (+2.0%)	2.018s (~)	0.858s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.170s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.012s (+1.6%)	2.020s (~)	0.850s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.174s (~)	1.998s (~)	0.001s (+27.3% 🔺)	2.010s (~)	0.837s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.178s (-1.7%)	1.997s (~)	0.001s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.832s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.226s (-1.4%)	2.002s (~)	0.001s (-16.7% 🟢)	2.011s (~)	0.784s	10	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.228s (-1.7%)	2.003s (~)	0.011s (-1.9%)	2.018s (~)	0.790s	10	1.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.527s (-5.8% 🟢)	3.723s (-0.6%)	1.524s (+82.0% 🔺)	5.771s (+13.5% 🔺)	3.244s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.557s (~)	3.645s (-1.8%)	1.154s (+55.9% 🔺)	5.296s (+6.7% 🔺)	2.738s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.620s (+10.9% 🔺)	3.621s (+2.6%)	1.247s (+77.3% 🔺)	5.373s (+12.2% 🔺)	2.754s	10	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.578s (+0.7%)	2.010s (~)	0.013s (+14.6% 🔺)	2.025s (~)	0.448s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.603s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.005s (+2.7%)	2.027s (~)	0.424s	30	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.608s (-1.9%)	2.007s (~)	0.005s (+0.6%)	2.028s (~)	0.420s	30	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.611s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.013s (+6.2% 🔺)	2.026s (~)	0.416s	30	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.735s (-0.7%)	2.008s (~)	0.011s (-17.3% 🟢)	2.023s (~)	0.288s	30	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.761s (-1.7%)	2.011s (~)	0.005s (-3.6%)	2.026s (~)	0.265s	30	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	6.370s (-7.7% 🟢)	7.860s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.277s (-19.6% 🟢)	8.601s (-6.8% 🟢)	2.231s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.386s (-7.0% 🟢)	8.159s (-4.9%)	0.282s (-9.9% 🟢)	8.937s (-4.7%)	2.551s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.476s (-3.8%)	7.838s (-2.6%)	0.234s (+6.5% 🔺)	8.506s (-3.4%)	2.030s	8	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.782s (-3.8%)	1.047s (-1.6%)	0.000s (+194.7% 🔺)	1.064s (-1.5%)	0.282s	57	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.802s (+0.6%)	1.050s (~)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.082s (+2.0%)	0.280s	56	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.975s (-5.1% 🟢)	1.418s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	1.426s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.451s	43	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	1.466s (+3.3%)	2.013s (~)	0.000s (-28.6% 🟢)	2.015s (~)	0.549s	30	1.88x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.535s (+13.6% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.000s (~)	2.017s (~)	0.482s	30	1.96x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.539s (+1.7%)	2.013s (~)	0.000s (-9.1% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.478s	30	1.97x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.032s (-19.5% 🟢)	4.491s (-15.8% 🟢)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	4.989s (-15.2% 🟢)	1.957s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.082s (-25.0% 🟢)	4.281s (-25.5% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	4.733s (-24.2% 🟢)	1.651s	13	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.181s (-13.9% 🟢)	4.530s (-7.6% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.012s (-9.8% 🟢)	1.831s	12	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.593s (-3.6%)	2.137s (-1.8%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.152s (-1.6%)	0.559s	28	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.736s (+2.5%)	2.253s (+3.6%)	0.000s (-48.1% 🟢)	2.272s (+3.6%)	0.536s	27	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.135s (-5.3% 🟢)	2.653s (-2.8%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.662s (-2.8%)	0.526s	23	1.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.046s (+7.4% 🔺)	3.468s (+1.5%)	0.000s (-11.1% 🟢)	3.476s (+1.7%)	0.430s	18	1.91x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.322s (+7.8% 🔺)	3.893s (~)	0.001s (+28.6% 🔺)	3.906s (~)	0.583s	16	2.09x
💻 Local	Express	3.347s (+0.9%)	4.028s (~)	0.000s (-53.3% 🟢)	4.030s (~)	0.683s	15	2.10x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.059s (+2.8%)	6.517s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	7.047s (+3.6%)	1.988s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.187s (-14.5% 🟢)	6.629s (-12.7% 🟢)	0.006s (+655.6% 🔺)	7.277s (-11.1% 🟢)	2.090s	9	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.652s (-20.0% 🟢)	7.189s (-12.6% 🟢)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	7.744s (-11.6% 🟢)	2.091s	8	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	11/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	11/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	11/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	16/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	16/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	16/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[socket-security]

Review the following changes in direct dependencies. Learn more about Socket for GitHub.

Diff	Package	Supply Chain Security	Vulnerability	Quality	Maintenance	License
	npm/​@​astrojs/​node@​10.1.4
	npm/​@​astrojs/​vercel@​10.0.8
	npm/​astro@​6.4.6

View full report

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2461. (backport job run)

[pranaygp]

Summary

Resolves VULN-11836 — CVE-2026-54299 (GHSA-2pvr-wf23-7pc7, High): Host header SSRF in prerendered error page fetch in astro.

The advisory's only patched version is astro 6.4.6 (< 6.4.6 is vulnerable) — there is no 5.x backport, so the fix requires moving to the 6.x line.

Changes

• workbench/astro (the flagged app, resolved to astro@5.16.3):
  • astro^5.15.6 → ^6.4.6
  • @astrojs/node9.5.0 → 10.1.4 (astro 6 peer compat)
  • @astrojs/vercel^9.0.0 → ^10.0.8 (astro 6 peer compat)
• packages/astro (@workflow/astro): astro devDependency 5.18.0 → 6.4.6 (typecheck-only, not shipped) — clears the last vulnerable astro from the lockfile.

After the bump the lockfile contains only astro@6.4.6 — both astro@5.16.3 and astro@5.18.0 are gone.

Notes

• Pinned 6.4.6 rather than the latest 6.4.7 because the repo's minimumReleaseAge (48h) guard blocks 6.4.7 (published <48h ago); 6.4.6 is the advisory's patched version.
• astro 6 requires Node >=22.12.0; CI runs node 22.x/24.x, so this is satisfied.

Verification

• @workflow/astro integration typechecks (tsc) against astro 6.4.6.
• workbench/astro builds cleanly under both the @astrojs/node (local/CI) and @astrojs/vercel (deploy) adapter paths.

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
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[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: e6702f6

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/astro	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1442	0	219	1661
✅ 💻 Local Development	1895	0	219	2114
✅ 📦 Local Production	1895	0	219	2114
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1881	0	233	2114
✅ 🪟 Windows	151	0	0	151
✅ 📋 Other	879	0	178	1057
Total	8143	0	1068	9211

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	125	0	26
✅ example	125	0	26
✅ express	125	0	26
✅ fastify	125	0	26
✅ hono	125	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	149	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	149	0	2
✅ nitro	125	0	26
✅ nuxt	125	0	26
✅ sveltekit	144	0	7
✅ vite	125	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	126	0	25
✅ express-stable	126	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	126	0	25
✅ hono-stable	126	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	126	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	126	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	145	0	6
✅ vite-stable	126	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	126	0	25
✅ express-stable	126	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	126	0	25
✅ hono-stable	126	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	126	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	126	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	145	0	6
✅ vite-stable	126	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	125	0	26
✅ express-stable	125	0	26
✅ fastify-stable	125	0	26
✅ hono-stable	125	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	131	0	20
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	150	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	150	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	131	0	20
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	150	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	150	0	1
✅ nitro-stable	125	0	26
✅ nuxt-stable	125	0	26
✅ sveltekit-stable	144	0	7
✅ vite-stable	125	0	26

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	151	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	126	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	126	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	125	0	26
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	125	0	26
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	126	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	126	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	125	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.045s (-6.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.960s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.047s (+12.2% 🔺)	1.008s (~)	0.961s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.062s (-4.5%)	1.013s (~)	0.951s	10	1.37x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.063s (+2.8%)	1.007s (~)	0.944s	10	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.063s (+3.1%)	1.012s (~)	0.949s	10	1.39x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.068s (-6.3% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.944s	10	1.51x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.321s (-71.0% 🟢)	2.398s (-33.0% 🟢)	2.077s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.325s (-83.6% 🟢)	2.160s (-47.4% 🟢)	1.836s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.355s (-40.9% 🟢)	2.479s (-6.8% 🟢)	2.125s	10	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.094s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.913s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.107s (+0.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.899s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.108s (-0.6%)	2.010s (~)	0.902s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.114s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.897s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.139s (-1.6%)	2.010s (~)	0.871s	10	1.04x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.143s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.864s	10	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.843s (-34.7% 🟢)	3.753s (-17.4% 🟢)	1.911s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.853s (-30.9% 🟢)	3.656s (-26.9% 🟢)	1.804s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.862s (-30.6% 🟢)	3.901s (-13.8% 🟢)	2.039s	10	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.539s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.484s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.551s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.472s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.560s (~)	11.018s (~)	0.458s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.573s (~)	11.019s (~)	0.446s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.809s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.214s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.889s (~)	11.352s (+3.0%)	0.462s	3	1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	14.280s (-21.4% 🟢)	16.322s (-17.9% 🟢)	2.043s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	14.736s (-9.4% 🟢)	16.736s (-10.2% 🟢)	1.999s	2	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.834s (-30.7% 🟢)	16.703s (-28.2% 🟢)	1.869s	2	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.791s (~)	14.017s (~)	0.226s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	13.820s (~)	14.028s (~)	0.208s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.823s (~)	14.021s (~)	0.198s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.849s (~)	14.028s (~)	0.179s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.360s (~)	15.030s (~)	0.670s	4	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.490s (~)	15.017s (~)	0.527s	4	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	23.277s (-24.4% 🟢)	25.483s (-22.4% 🟢)	2.206s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	23.554s (-32.5% 🟢)	25.626s (-30.6% 🟢)	2.072s	3	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	23.646s (-28.3% 🟢)	25.447s (-27.0% 🟢)	1.801s	3	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	12.466s (-1.7%)	13.016s (~)	0.549s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	12.523s (~)	13.025s (~)	0.502s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	12.597s (~)	13.027s (~)	0.431s	7	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.831s (+1.9%)	13.303s (+2.2%)	0.472s	7	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.682s (~)	14.027s (~)	0.345s	7	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.752s (-1.6%)	14.019s (-1.0%)	0.268s	7	1.10x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	33.719s (-3.0%)	36.136s (-2.6%)	2.417s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	34.038s (-3.1%)	36.769s (-2.0%)	2.731s	3	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	37.427s (-1.3%)	40.332s (+2.1%)	2.905s	3	1.11x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.212s (+0.5%)	2.008s (~)	0.796s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.212s (+1.7%)	2.007s (~)	0.795s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.213s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.794s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.248s (+7.3% 🔺)	2.006s (~)	0.758s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.303s (-4.0%)	2.007s (-3.3%)	0.704s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.366s (+2.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.640s	15	1.13x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.318s (-25.0% 🟢)	3.899s (-15.0% 🟢)	1.581s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.378s (+1.3%)	3.969s (-1.2%)	1.591s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.454s (-3.8%)	3.990s (-2.0%)	1.536s	8	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.334s (-0.6%)	2.592s (+3.3%)	1.258s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.407s (+3.6%)	2.393s (-4.6%)	0.986s	13	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.592s (-2.8%)	2.294s (-8.6% 🟢)	0.702s	14	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.600s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.406s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.711s (+5.0% 🔺)	2.006s (~)	0.295s	15	1.28x
💻 Local	Express	2.065s (+9.0% 🔺)	2.471s (+14.8% 🔺)	0.406s	13	1.55x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.392s (-17.6% 🟢)	5.282s (-12.8% 🟢)	1.890s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.657s (-3.0%)	5.390s (~)	1.732s	6	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.834s (+9.4% 🔺)	5.777s (+10.0% 🔺)	1.943s	6	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.653s (+1.9%)	4.014s (+3.3%)	2.361s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.727s (+6.3% 🔺)	4.012s (-3.1%)	2.285s	8	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.772s (-27.6% 🟢)	3.760s (-15.4% 🟢)	0.988s	8	1.68x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.577s (~)	5.178s (~)	0.602s	6	2.77x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.749s (+18.1% 🔺)	5.179s (+13.0% 🔺)	0.430s	6	2.87x
💻 Local	Express	5.519s (+5.4% 🔺)	5.845s (~)	0.326s	6	3.34x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.467s (+19.5% 🔺)	7.579s (+15.5% 🔺)	2.112s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.098s (+61.0% 🔺)	7.907s (+46.2% 🔺)	1.808s	4	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.220s (+46.5% 🔺)	8.628s (+50.6% 🔺)	2.408s	4	1.14x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.195s (-2.2%)	2.007s (~)	0.812s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.208s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.799s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.304s (+1.4%)	2.008s (~)	0.704s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.384s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.622s	15	1.16x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.547s (+2.4%)	2.006s (~)	0.460s	15	1.29x
💻 Local	Express	1.578s (-2.2%)	2.007s (~)	0.429s	15	1.32x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.405s (+4.3%)	3.820s (-3.2%)	1.415s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.423s (-62.6% 🟢)	3.700s (-53.9% 🟢)	1.278s	9	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.461s (+8.2% 🔺)	4.085s (+6.0% 🔺)	1.624s	8	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.350s (-3.3%)	2.509s (+1.6%)	1.160s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.364s (+0.5%)	2.317s (-10.6% 🟢)	0.953s	13	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.545s (+0.5%)	2.221s (~)	0.676s	14	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.887s (+5.4% 🔺)	2.315s (+11.7% 🔺)	0.428s	13	1.40x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.020s (+4.6%)	2.591s (+16.6% 🔺)	0.571s	12	1.50x
💻 Local	Express	2.186s (-15.1% 🟢)	2.591s (-16.6% 🟢)	0.405s	12	1.62x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.686s (-28.3% 🟢)	3.995s (-26.8% 🟢)	1.308s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.121s (-22.2% 🟢)	5.152s (-10.3% 🟢)	2.031s	6	1.16x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.368s (+1.1%)	4.862s (-9.0% 🟢)	1.494s	7	1.25x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.642s (-5.0%)	4.299s (+10.6% 🔺)	2.656s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.693s (-3.4%)	4.012s (-3.0%)	2.319s	8	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.857s (-25.6% 🟢)	4.013s (-9.7% 🟢)	1.156s	8	1.74x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.016s (-5.2% 🟢)	5.515s (-8.3% 🟢)	0.499s	6	3.05x
💻 Local	Express	5.795s (-8.6% 🟢)	6.216s (-11.4% 🟢)	0.420s	5	3.53x
💻 Local	Nitro	6.023s (+26.5% 🔺)	6.819s (+27.5% 🔺)	0.796s	5	3.67x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	4.371s (-33.7% 🟢)	6.186s (-25.9% 🟢)	1.815s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.040s (+2.3%)	7.308s (+12.5% 🔺)	2.268s	5	1.15x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.213s (~)	7.552s (+8.4% 🔺)	2.338s	4	1.19x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.583s (-9.5% 🟢)	1.023s (-1.8%)	0.440s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.587s (-0.8%)	1.023s (+1.7%)	0.436s	59	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.601s (+3.1%)	1.005s (~)	0.404s	60	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	0.663s (+0.6%)	1.022s (-1.7%)	0.359s	59	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.817s (-3.8%)	1.006s (-1.7%)	0.189s	60	1.40x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.878s (-0.8%)	1.039s (-1.7%)	0.161s	58	1.50x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	6.186s (-26.9% 🟢)	7.879s (-22.0% 🟢)	1.693s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	6.507s (-1.1%)	8.264s (-4.2%)	1.757s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.927s (-6.6% 🟢)	8.857s (-5.2% 🟢)	1.930s	7	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.372s (-5.1% 🟢)	2.052s (+2.2%)	0.680s	44	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.430s (~)	2.053s (+1.1%)	0.622s	44	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.508s (+2.1%)	2.006s (~)	0.498s	45	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	1.588s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.419s	45	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.941s (-4.7%)	2.151s (-16.1% 🟢)	0.210s	42	1.41x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.145s (+0.8%)	3.009s (~)	0.864s	30	1.56x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	15.095s (-19.6% 🟢)	17.268s (-16.8% 🟢)	2.174s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	15.916s (-20.1% 🟢)	18.292s (-18.3% 🟢)	2.376s	5	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Express	16.686s (-17.1% 🟢)	18.647s (-14.7% 🟢)	1.961s	5	1.11x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.727s (-1.9%)	3.086s (-1.6%)	0.359s	39	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.976s (+5.5% 🔺)	3.397s (+8.3% 🔺)	0.422s	36	1.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.313s (+4.6%)	4.043s (+3.3%)	0.730s	30	1.21x
💻 Local	Express	3.405s (+1.9%)	4.011s (~)	0.606s	30	1.25x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.831s (-4.8%)	4.110s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.279s	30	1.40x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.575s (+0.8%)	5.053s (~)	0.478s	24	1.68x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	30.084s (-17.0% 🟢)	32.889s (-13.9% 🟢)	2.806s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	30.093s (-22.2% 🟢)	32.724s (-19.0% 🟢)	2.631s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	33.218s (-26.0% 🟢)	36.130s (-22.6% 🟢)	2.912s	4	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.244s (-6.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.762s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.250s (-4.2%)	1.006s (~)	0.756s	60	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.311s (+0.8%)	1.006s (~)	0.696s	60	1.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.454s (+5.2% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.551s	60	1.86x
💻 Local	Express	0.462s (+8.0% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.543s	60	1.89x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.564s (-12.7% 🟢)	1.005s (-5.1% 🟢)	0.441s	60	2.31x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.833s (-36.5% 🟢)	3.794s (-24.6% 🟢)	1.962s	16	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.203s (-28.3% 🟢)	4.190s (-16.4% 🟢)	1.986s	15	1.20x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.247s (-37.1% 🟢)	4.134s (-26.0% 🟢)	1.887s	15	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.400s (-12.6% 🟢)	1.006s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.606s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.423s (+2.8%)	1.041s (+3.4%)	0.618s	87	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.618s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.240s (-2.8%)	0.622s	73	1.55x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.184s (+8.6% 🔺)	2.767s (+13.4% 🔺)	0.584s	33	5.46x
💻 Local	Express	2.245s (+2.5%)	2.913s (+2.1%)	0.668s	31	5.62x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.497s (-2.4%)	3.224s (-1.1%)	0.728s	28	6.25x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.219s (-37.6% 🟢)	4.988s (-30.9% 🟢)	1.769s	19	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.388s (-2.8%)	5.242s (+1.4%)	1.854s	18	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.690s (-3.0%)	5.812s (+1.3%)	2.122s	16	1.15x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.798s (-5.3% 🟢)	1.326s (-9.9% 🟢)	0.528s	91	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.824s (-2.8%)	1.352s (-10.3% 🟢)	0.528s	90	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.866s (-7.2% 🟢)	3.681s (-3.8%)	0.816s	33	3.59x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.345s (+7.1% 🔺)	10.032s (+8.4% 🔺)	0.687s	12	11.71x
💻 Local	Express	9.995s (+1.3%)	10.696s (+4.0%)	0.701s	12	12.52x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	11.013s (+5.0%)	11.850s (+4.0%)	0.837s	11	13.80x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	6.218s (-7.9% 🟢)	8.141s (-5.7% 🟢)	1.922s	15	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	6.430s (-5.9% 🟢)	8.691s (+0.8%)	2.261s	14	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.483s (+4.0%)	10.018s (+11.7% 🔺)	2.535s	12	1.20x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.160s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.010s (+2.0%)	2.018s (~)	0.858s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.170s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.012s (+1.6%)	2.020s (~)	0.850s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.174s (~)	1.998s (~)	0.001s (+27.3% 🔺)	2.010s (~)	0.837s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.178s (-1.7%)	1.997s (~)	0.001s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.832s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.226s (-1.4%)	2.002s (~)	0.001s (-16.7% 🟢)	2.011s (~)	0.784s	10	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.228s (-1.7%)	2.003s (~)	0.011s (-1.9%)	2.018s (~)	0.790s	10	1.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.527s (-5.8% 🟢)	3.723s (-0.6%)	1.524s (+82.0% 🔺)	5.771s (+13.5% 🔺)	3.244s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.557s (~)	3.645s (-1.8%)	1.154s (+55.9% 🔺)	5.296s (+6.7% 🔺)	2.738s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.620s (+10.9% 🔺)	3.621s (+2.6%)	1.247s (+77.3% 🔺)	5.373s (+12.2% 🔺)	2.754s	10	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.578s (+0.7%)	2.010s (~)	0.013s (+14.6% 🔺)	2.025s (~)	0.448s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.603s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.005s (+2.7%)	2.027s (~)	0.424s	30	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.608s (-1.9%)	2.007s (~)	0.005s (+0.6%)	2.028s (~)	0.420s	30	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.611s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.013s (+6.2% 🔺)	2.026s (~)	0.416s	30	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.735s (-0.7%)	2.008s (~)	0.011s (-17.3% 🟢)	2.023s (~)	0.288s	30	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.761s (-1.7%)	2.011s (~)	0.005s (-3.6%)	2.026s (~)	0.265s	30	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	6.370s (-7.7% 🟢)	7.860s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.277s (-19.6% 🟢)	8.601s (-6.8% 🟢)	2.231s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.386s (-7.0% 🟢)	8.159s (-4.9%)	0.282s (-9.9% 🟢)	8.937s (-4.7%)	2.551s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.476s (-3.8%)	7.838s (-2.6%)	0.234s (+6.5% 🔺)	8.506s (-3.4%)	2.030s	8	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.782s (-3.8%)	1.047s (-1.6%)	0.000s (+194.7% 🔺)	1.064s (-1.5%)	0.282s	57	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.802s (+0.6%)	1.050s (~)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.082s (+2.0%)	0.280s	56	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.975s (-5.1% 🟢)	1.418s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	1.426s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.451s	43	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	1.466s (+3.3%)	2.013s (~)	0.000s (-28.6% 🟢)	2.015s (~)	0.549s	30	1.88x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.535s (+13.6% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.000s (~)	2.017s (~)	0.482s	30	1.96x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.539s (+1.7%)	2.013s (~)	0.000s (-9.1% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.478s	30	1.97x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.032s (-19.5% 🟢)	4.491s (-15.8% 🟢)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	4.989s (-15.2% 🟢)	1.957s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.082s (-25.0% 🟢)	4.281s (-25.5% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	4.733s (-24.2% 🟢)	1.651s	13	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.181s (-13.9% 🟢)	4.530s (-7.6% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.012s (-9.8% 🟢)	1.831s	12	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.593s (-3.6%)	2.137s (-1.8%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.152s (-1.6%)	0.559s	28	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.736s (+2.5%)	2.253s (+3.6%)	0.000s (-48.1% 🟢)	2.272s (+3.6%)	0.536s	27	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.135s (-5.3% 🟢)	2.653s (-2.8%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.662s (-2.8%)	0.526s	23	1.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.046s (+7.4% 🔺)	3.468s (+1.5%)	0.000s (-11.1% 🟢)	3.476s (+1.7%)	0.430s	18	1.91x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.322s (+7.8% 🔺)	3.893s (~)	0.001s (+28.6% 🔺)	3.906s (~)	0.583s	16	2.09x
💻 Local	Express	3.347s (+0.9%)	4.028s (~)	0.000s (-53.3% 🟢)	4.030s (~)	0.683s	15	2.10x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.059s (+2.8%)	6.517s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	7.047s (+3.6%)	1.988s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.187s (-14.5% 🟢)	6.629s (-12.7% 🟢)	0.006s (+655.6% 🔺)	7.277s (-11.1% 🟢)	2.090s	9	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.652s (-20.0% 🟢)	7.189s (-12.6% 🟢)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	7.744s (-11.6% 🟢)	2.091s	8	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	11/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	11/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	11/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	16/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	16/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	16/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[socket-security]

Review the following changes in direct dependencies. Learn more about Socket for GitHub.

Diff	Package	Supply Chain Security	Vulnerability	Quality	Maintenance	License
	npm/​@​astrojs/​node@​10.1.4
	npm/​@​astrojs/​vercel@​10.0.8
	npm/​astro@​6.4.6

View full report

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2461. (backport job run)

[pranaygp]

Summary

Resolves VULN-11836 — CVE-2026-54299 (GHSA-2pvr-wf23-7pc7, High): Host header SSRF in prerendered error page fetch in astro.

The advisory's only patched version is astro 6.4.6 (< 6.4.6 is vulnerable) — there is no 5.x backport, so the fix requires moving to the 6.x line.

Changes

• workbench/astro (the flagged app, resolved to astro@5.16.3):
  • astro^5.15.6 → ^6.4.6
  • @astrojs/node9.5.0 → 10.1.4 (astro 6 peer compat)
  • @astrojs/vercel^9.0.0 → ^10.0.8 (astro 6 peer compat)
• packages/astro (@workflow/astro): astro devDependency 5.18.0 → 6.4.6 (typecheck-only, not shipped) — clears the last vulnerable astro from the lockfile.

After the bump the lockfile contains only astro@6.4.6 — both astro@5.16.3 and astro@5.18.0 are gone.

Notes

• Pinned 6.4.6 rather than the latest 6.4.7 because the repo's minimumReleaseAge (48h) guard blocks 6.4.7 (published <48h ago); 6.4.6 is the advisory's patched version.
• astro 6 requires Node >=22.12.0; CI runs node 22.x/24.x, so this is satisfied.

Verification

• @workflow/astro integration typechecks (tsc) against astro 6.4.6.
• workbench/astro builds cleanly under both the @astrojs/node (local/CI) and @astrojs/vercel (deploy) adapter paths.

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 16, 2026 7:23pm

[Copilot]

Copilot was unable to review this pull request because the user who requested the review has reached their quota limit.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: e6702f6

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/astro	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1442	0	219	1661
✅ 💻 Local Development	1895	0	219	2114
✅ 📦 Local Production	1895	0	219	2114
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1881	0	233	2114
✅ 🪟 Windows	151	0	0	151
✅ 📋 Other	879	0	178	1057
Total	8143	0	1068	9211

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	125	0	26
✅ example	125	0	26
✅ express	125	0	26
✅ fastify	125	0	26
✅ hono	125	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	149	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	149	0	2
✅ nitro	125	0	26
✅ nuxt	125	0	26
✅ sveltekit	144	0	7
✅ vite	125	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	126	0	25
✅ express-stable	126	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	126	0	25
✅ hono-stable	126	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	126	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	126	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	145	0	6
✅ vite-stable	126	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	126	0	25
✅ express-stable	126	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	126	0	25
✅ hono-stable	126	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	126	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	126	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	145	0	6
✅ vite-stable	126	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	125	0	26
✅ express-stable	125	0	26
✅ fastify-stable	125	0	26
✅ hono-stable	125	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	131	0	20
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	150	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	150	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	131	0	20
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	150	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	150	0	1
✅ nitro-stable	125	0	26
✅ nuxt-stable	125	0	26
✅ sveltekit-stable	144	0	7
✅ vite-stable	125	0	26

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	151	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	126	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	126	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	125	0	26
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	125	0	26
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	126	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	126	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	125	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.045s (-6.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.960s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.047s (+12.2% 🔺)	1.008s (~)	0.961s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.062s (-4.5%)	1.013s (~)	0.951s	10	1.37x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.063s (+2.8%)	1.007s (~)	0.944s	10	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.063s (+3.1%)	1.012s (~)	0.949s	10	1.39x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.068s (-6.3% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.944s	10	1.51x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.321s (-71.0% 🟢)	2.398s (-33.0% 🟢)	2.077s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.325s (-83.6% 🟢)	2.160s (-47.4% 🟢)	1.836s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.355s (-40.9% 🟢)	2.479s (-6.8% 🟢)	2.125s	10	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.094s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.913s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.107s (+0.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.899s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.108s (-0.6%)	2.010s (~)	0.902s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.114s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.897s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.139s (-1.6%)	2.010s (~)	0.871s	10	1.04x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.143s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.864s	10	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.843s (-34.7% 🟢)	3.753s (-17.4% 🟢)	1.911s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.853s (-30.9% 🟢)	3.656s (-26.9% 🟢)	1.804s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.862s (-30.6% 🟢)	3.901s (-13.8% 🟢)	2.039s	10	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.539s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.484s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.551s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.472s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.560s (~)	11.018s (~)	0.458s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.573s (~)	11.019s (~)	0.446s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.809s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.214s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.889s (~)	11.352s (+3.0%)	0.462s	3	1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	14.280s (-21.4% 🟢)	16.322s (-17.9% 🟢)	2.043s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	14.736s (-9.4% 🟢)	16.736s (-10.2% 🟢)	1.999s	2	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.834s (-30.7% 🟢)	16.703s (-28.2% 🟢)	1.869s	2	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.791s (~)	14.017s (~)	0.226s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	13.820s (~)	14.028s (~)	0.208s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.823s (~)	14.021s (~)	0.198s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.849s (~)	14.028s (~)	0.179s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.360s (~)	15.030s (~)	0.670s	4	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.490s (~)	15.017s (~)	0.527s	4	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	23.277s (-24.4% 🟢)	25.483s (-22.4% 🟢)	2.206s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	23.554s (-32.5% 🟢)	25.626s (-30.6% 🟢)	2.072s	3	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	23.646s (-28.3% 🟢)	25.447s (-27.0% 🟢)	1.801s	3	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	12.466s (-1.7%)	13.016s (~)	0.549s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	12.523s (~)	13.025s (~)	0.502s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	12.597s (~)	13.027s (~)	0.431s	7	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.831s (+1.9%)	13.303s (+2.2%)	0.472s	7	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.682s (~)	14.027s (~)	0.345s	7	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.752s (-1.6%)	14.019s (-1.0%)	0.268s	7	1.10x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	33.719s (-3.0%)	36.136s (-2.6%)	2.417s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	34.038s (-3.1%)	36.769s (-2.0%)	2.731s	3	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	37.427s (-1.3%)	40.332s (+2.1%)	2.905s	3	1.11x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.212s (+0.5%)	2.008s (~)	0.796s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.212s (+1.7%)	2.007s (~)	0.795s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.213s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.794s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.248s (+7.3% 🔺)	2.006s (~)	0.758s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.303s (-4.0%)	2.007s (-3.3%)	0.704s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.366s (+2.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.640s	15	1.13x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.318s (-25.0% 🟢)	3.899s (-15.0% 🟢)	1.581s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.378s (+1.3%)	3.969s (-1.2%)	1.591s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.454s (-3.8%)	3.990s (-2.0%)	1.536s	8	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.334s (-0.6%)	2.592s (+3.3%)	1.258s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.407s (+3.6%)	2.393s (-4.6%)	0.986s	13	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.592s (-2.8%)	2.294s (-8.6% 🟢)	0.702s	14	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.600s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.406s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.711s (+5.0% 🔺)	2.006s (~)	0.295s	15	1.28x
💻 Local	Express	2.065s (+9.0% 🔺)	2.471s (+14.8% 🔺)	0.406s	13	1.55x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.392s (-17.6% 🟢)	5.282s (-12.8% 🟢)	1.890s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.657s (-3.0%)	5.390s (~)	1.732s	6	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.834s (+9.4% 🔺)	5.777s (+10.0% 🔺)	1.943s	6	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.653s (+1.9%)	4.014s (+3.3%)	2.361s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.727s (+6.3% 🔺)	4.012s (-3.1%)	2.285s	8	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.772s (-27.6% 🟢)	3.760s (-15.4% 🟢)	0.988s	8	1.68x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.577s (~)	5.178s (~)	0.602s	6	2.77x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.749s (+18.1% 🔺)	5.179s (+13.0% 🔺)	0.430s	6	2.87x
💻 Local	Express	5.519s (+5.4% 🔺)	5.845s (~)	0.326s	6	3.34x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.467s (+19.5% 🔺)	7.579s (+15.5% 🔺)	2.112s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.098s (+61.0% 🔺)	7.907s (+46.2% 🔺)	1.808s	4	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.220s (+46.5% 🔺)	8.628s (+50.6% 🔺)	2.408s	4	1.14x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.195s (-2.2%)	2.007s (~)	0.812s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.208s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.799s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.304s (+1.4%)	2.008s (~)	0.704s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.384s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.622s	15	1.16x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.547s (+2.4%)	2.006s (~)	0.460s	15	1.29x
💻 Local	Express	1.578s (-2.2%)	2.007s (~)	0.429s	15	1.32x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.405s (+4.3%)	3.820s (-3.2%)	1.415s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.423s (-62.6% 🟢)	3.700s (-53.9% 🟢)	1.278s	9	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.461s (+8.2% 🔺)	4.085s (+6.0% 🔺)	1.624s	8	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.350s (-3.3%)	2.509s (+1.6%)	1.160s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.364s (+0.5%)	2.317s (-10.6% 🟢)	0.953s	13	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.545s (+0.5%)	2.221s (~)	0.676s	14	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.887s (+5.4% 🔺)	2.315s (+11.7% 🔺)	0.428s	13	1.40x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.020s (+4.6%)	2.591s (+16.6% 🔺)	0.571s	12	1.50x
💻 Local	Express	2.186s (-15.1% 🟢)	2.591s (-16.6% 🟢)	0.405s	12	1.62x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.686s (-28.3% 🟢)	3.995s (-26.8% 🟢)	1.308s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.121s (-22.2% 🟢)	5.152s (-10.3% 🟢)	2.031s	6	1.16x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.368s (+1.1%)	4.862s (-9.0% 🟢)	1.494s	7	1.25x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.642s (-5.0%)	4.299s (+10.6% 🔺)	2.656s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.693s (-3.4%)	4.012s (-3.0%)	2.319s	8	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.857s (-25.6% 🟢)	4.013s (-9.7% 🟢)	1.156s	8	1.74x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.016s (-5.2% 🟢)	5.515s (-8.3% 🟢)	0.499s	6	3.05x
💻 Local	Express	5.795s (-8.6% 🟢)	6.216s (-11.4% 🟢)	0.420s	5	3.53x
💻 Local	Nitro	6.023s (+26.5% 🔺)	6.819s (+27.5% 🔺)	0.796s	5	3.67x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	4.371s (-33.7% 🟢)	6.186s (-25.9% 🟢)	1.815s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.040s (+2.3%)	7.308s (+12.5% 🔺)	2.268s	5	1.15x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.213s (~)	7.552s (+8.4% 🔺)	2.338s	4	1.19x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.583s (-9.5% 🟢)	1.023s (-1.8%)	0.440s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.587s (-0.8%)	1.023s (+1.7%)	0.436s	59	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.601s (+3.1%)	1.005s (~)	0.404s	60	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	0.663s (+0.6%)	1.022s (-1.7%)	0.359s	59	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.817s (-3.8%)	1.006s (-1.7%)	0.189s	60	1.40x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.878s (-0.8%)	1.039s (-1.7%)	0.161s	58	1.50x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	6.186s (-26.9% 🟢)	7.879s (-22.0% 🟢)	1.693s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	6.507s (-1.1%)	8.264s (-4.2%)	1.757s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.927s (-6.6% 🟢)	8.857s (-5.2% 🟢)	1.930s	7	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.372s (-5.1% 🟢)	2.052s (+2.2%)	0.680s	44	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.430s (~)	2.053s (+1.1%)	0.622s	44	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.508s (+2.1%)	2.006s (~)	0.498s	45	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	1.588s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.419s	45	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.941s (-4.7%)	2.151s (-16.1% 🟢)	0.210s	42	1.41x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.145s (+0.8%)	3.009s (~)	0.864s	30	1.56x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	15.095s (-19.6% 🟢)	17.268s (-16.8% 🟢)	2.174s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	15.916s (-20.1% 🟢)	18.292s (-18.3% 🟢)	2.376s	5	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Express	16.686s (-17.1% 🟢)	18.647s (-14.7% 🟢)	1.961s	5	1.11x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.727s (-1.9%)	3.086s (-1.6%)	0.359s	39	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.976s (+5.5% 🔺)	3.397s (+8.3% 🔺)	0.422s	36	1.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.313s (+4.6%)	4.043s (+3.3%)	0.730s	30	1.21x
💻 Local	Express	3.405s (+1.9%)	4.011s (~)	0.606s	30	1.25x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.831s (-4.8%)	4.110s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.279s	30	1.40x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.575s (+0.8%)	5.053s (~)	0.478s	24	1.68x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	30.084s (-17.0% 🟢)	32.889s (-13.9% 🟢)	2.806s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	30.093s (-22.2% 🟢)	32.724s (-19.0% 🟢)	2.631s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	33.218s (-26.0% 🟢)	36.130s (-22.6% 🟢)	2.912s	4	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.244s (-6.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.762s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.250s (-4.2%)	1.006s (~)	0.756s	60	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.311s (+0.8%)	1.006s (~)	0.696s	60	1.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.454s (+5.2% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.551s	60	1.86x
💻 Local	Express	0.462s (+8.0% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.543s	60	1.89x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.564s (-12.7% 🟢)	1.005s (-5.1% 🟢)	0.441s	60	2.31x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.833s (-36.5% 🟢)	3.794s (-24.6% 🟢)	1.962s	16	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.203s (-28.3% 🟢)	4.190s (-16.4% 🟢)	1.986s	15	1.20x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.247s (-37.1% 🟢)	4.134s (-26.0% 🟢)	1.887s	15	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.400s (-12.6% 🟢)	1.006s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.606s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.423s (+2.8%)	1.041s (+3.4%)	0.618s	87	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.618s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.240s (-2.8%)	0.622s	73	1.55x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.184s (+8.6% 🔺)	2.767s (+13.4% 🔺)	0.584s	33	5.46x
💻 Local	Express	2.245s (+2.5%)	2.913s (+2.1%)	0.668s	31	5.62x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.497s (-2.4%)	3.224s (-1.1%)	0.728s	28	6.25x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.219s (-37.6% 🟢)	4.988s (-30.9% 🟢)	1.769s	19	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.388s (-2.8%)	5.242s (+1.4%)	1.854s	18	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.690s (-3.0%)	5.812s (+1.3%)	2.122s	16	1.15x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.798s (-5.3% 🟢)	1.326s (-9.9% 🟢)	0.528s	91	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.824s (-2.8%)	1.352s (-10.3% 🟢)	0.528s	90	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.866s (-7.2% 🟢)	3.681s (-3.8%)	0.816s	33	3.59x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.345s (+7.1% 🔺)	10.032s (+8.4% 🔺)	0.687s	12	11.71x
💻 Local	Express	9.995s (+1.3%)	10.696s (+4.0%)	0.701s	12	12.52x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	11.013s (+5.0%)	11.850s (+4.0%)	0.837s	11	13.80x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	6.218s (-7.9% 🟢)	8.141s (-5.7% 🟢)	1.922s	15	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	6.430s (-5.9% 🟢)	8.691s (+0.8%)	2.261s	14	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.483s (+4.0%)	10.018s (+11.7% 🔺)	2.535s	12	1.20x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.160s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.010s (+2.0%)	2.018s (~)	0.858s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.170s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.012s (+1.6%)	2.020s (~)	0.850s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.174s (~)	1.998s (~)	0.001s (+27.3% 🔺)	2.010s (~)	0.837s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.178s (-1.7%)	1.997s (~)	0.001s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.832s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.226s (-1.4%)	2.002s (~)	0.001s (-16.7% 🟢)	2.011s (~)	0.784s	10	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.228s (-1.7%)	2.003s (~)	0.011s (-1.9%)	2.018s (~)	0.790s	10	1.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.527s (-5.8% 🟢)	3.723s (-0.6%)	1.524s (+82.0% 🔺)	5.771s (+13.5% 🔺)	3.244s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.557s (~)	3.645s (-1.8%)	1.154s (+55.9% 🔺)	5.296s (+6.7% 🔺)	2.738s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.620s (+10.9% 🔺)	3.621s (+2.6%)	1.247s (+77.3% 🔺)	5.373s (+12.2% 🔺)	2.754s	10	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.578s (+0.7%)	2.010s (~)	0.013s (+14.6% 🔺)	2.025s (~)	0.448s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.603s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.005s (+2.7%)	2.027s (~)	0.424s	30	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.608s (-1.9%)	2.007s (~)	0.005s (+0.6%)	2.028s (~)	0.420s	30	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.611s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.013s (+6.2% 🔺)	2.026s (~)	0.416s	30	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.735s (-0.7%)	2.008s (~)	0.011s (-17.3% 🟢)	2.023s (~)	0.288s	30	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.761s (-1.7%)	2.011s (~)	0.005s (-3.6%)	2.026s (~)	0.265s	30	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	6.370s (-7.7% 🟢)	7.860s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.277s (-19.6% 🟢)	8.601s (-6.8% 🟢)	2.231s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.386s (-7.0% 🟢)	8.159s (-4.9%)	0.282s (-9.9% 🟢)	8.937s (-4.7%)	2.551s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.476s (-3.8%)	7.838s (-2.6%)	0.234s (+6.5% 🔺)	8.506s (-3.4%)	2.030s	8	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.782s (-3.8%)	1.047s (-1.6%)	0.000s (+194.7% 🔺)	1.064s (-1.5%)	0.282s	57	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.802s (+0.6%)	1.050s (~)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.082s (+2.0%)	0.280s	56	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.975s (-5.1% 🟢)	1.418s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	1.426s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.451s	43	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	1.466s (+3.3%)	2.013s (~)	0.000s (-28.6% 🟢)	2.015s (~)	0.549s	30	1.88x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.535s (+13.6% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.000s (~)	2.017s (~)	0.482s	30	1.96x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.539s (+1.7%)	2.013s (~)	0.000s (-9.1% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.478s	30	1.97x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.032s (-19.5% 🟢)	4.491s (-15.8% 🟢)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	4.989s (-15.2% 🟢)	1.957s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.082s (-25.0% 🟢)	4.281s (-25.5% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	4.733s (-24.2% 🟢)	1.651s	13	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.181s (-13.9% 🟢)	4.530s (-7.6% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.012s (-9.8% 🟢)	1.831s	12	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.593s (-3.6%)	2.137s (-1.8%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.152s (-1.6%)	0.559s	28	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.736s (+2.5%)	2.253s (+3.6%)	0.000s (-48.1% 🟢)	2.272s (+3.6%)	0.536s	27	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.135s (-5.3% 🟢)	2.653s (-2.8%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.662s (-2.8%)	0.526s	23	1.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.046s (+7.4% 🔺)	3.468s (+1.5%)	0.000s (-11.1% 🟢)	3.476s (+1.7%)	0.430s	18	1.91x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.322s (+7.8% 🔺)	3.893s (~)	0.001s (+28.6% 🔺)	3.906s (~)	0.583s	16	2.09x
💻 Local	Express	3.347s (+0.9%)	4.028s (~)	0.000s (-53.3% 🟢)	4.030s (~)	0.683s	15	2.10x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.059s (+2.8%)	6.517s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	7.047s (+3.6%)	1.988s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.187s (-14.5% 🟢)	6.629s (-12.7% 🟢)	0.006s (+655.6% 🔺)	7.277s (-11.1% 🟢)	2.090s	9	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.652s (-20.0% 🟢)	7.189s (-12.6% 🟢)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	7.744s (-11.6% 🟢)	2.091s	8	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	11/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	11/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	11/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	16/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	16/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	16/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

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[socket-security]

Review the following changes in direct dependencies. Learn more about Socket for GitHub.

Diff	Package	Supply Chain Security	Vulnerability	Quality	Maintenance	License
	npm/​@​astrojs/​node@​10.1.4
	npm/​@​astrojs/​vercel@​10.0.8
	npm/​astro@​6.4.6

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[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2461. (backport job run)