Update queue client to 0.3.1

[VaguelySerious]

Bump @vercel/queues package, which adds native retries for 429s and ECONNRESET

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 146cbfa

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 19 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/world-local	Patch
@workflow/world-postgres	Patch
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1442	0	219	1661
✅ 💻 Local Development	1895	0	219	2114
✅ 📦 Local Production	1895	0	219	2114
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1881	0	233	2114
✅ 🪟 Windows	151	0	0	151
✅ 📋 Other	879	0	178	1057
Total	8143	0	1068	9211

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	125	0	26
✅ example	125	0	26
✅ express	125	0	26
✅ fastify	125	0	26
✅ hono	125	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	149	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	149	0	2
✅ nitro	125	0	26
✅ nuxt	125	0	26
✅ sveltekit	144	0	7
✅ vite	125	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	126	0	25
✅ express-stable	126	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	126	0	25
✅ hono-stable	126	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	126	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	126	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	145	0	6
✅ vite-stable	126	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	126	0	25
✅ express-stable	126	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	126	0	25
✅ hono-stable	126	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	126	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	126	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	145	0	6
✅ vite-stable	126	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	125	0	26
✅ express-stable	125	0	26
✅ fastify-stable	125	0	26
✅ hono-stable	125	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	131	0	20
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	150	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	150	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	131	0	20
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	150	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	150	0	1
✅ nitro-stable	125	0	26
✅ nuxt-stable	125	0	26
✅ sveltekit-stable	144	0	7
✅ vite-stable	125	0	26

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	151	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	126	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	126	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	125	0	26
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	125	0	26
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	126	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	126	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	125	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.042s (-3.2%)	1.006s (~)	0.964s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.044s (+3.5%)	1.007s (~)	0.963s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.062s (-3.6%)	1.011s (~)	0.950s	10	1.46x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.063s (+5.0% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.943s	10	1.49x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.064s (+15.1% 🔺)	1.017s (+0.5%)	0.953s	10	1.51x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.071s (+4.7%)	1.012s (~)	0.941s	10	1.69x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.287s (-4.9%)	2.141s (+3.8%)	1.854s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.312s (-26.7% 🟢)	2.413s (+1.3%)	2.100s	10	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.353s (+27.7% 🔺)	2.243s (~)	1.890s	10	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.095s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.912s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.101s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.906s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.103s (-0.8%)	2.009s (~)	0.906s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.107s (~)	2.009s (~)	0.902s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.133s (+1.5%)	2.007s (~)	0.874s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.148s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.863s	10	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.567s (-6.2% 🟢)	3.629s (-8.8% 🟢)	2.062s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.652s (-5.6% 🟢)	3.697s (+3.4%)	2.045s	10	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.723s (-4.6%)	3.622s (-3.9%)	1.899s	10	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	10.531s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.491s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.533s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.489s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.534s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.487s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.567s (~)	11.019s (~)	0.452s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.811s (+1.2%)	11.022s (~)	0.211s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.839s (~)	11.017s (~)	0.178s	3	1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.649s (-0.5%)	15.545s (+3.3%)	1.897s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	13.891s (~)	16.672s (+3.9%)	2.781s	2	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.011s (-2.1%)	16.305s (+2.4%)	2.294s	2	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	13.749s (~)	14.020s (~)	0.271s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.765s (~)	14.026s (~)	0.261s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.771s (~)	14.020s (~)	0.248s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	13.866s (~)	14.227s (+1.4%)	0.361s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.399s (+2.6%)	15.030s (+4.2%)	0.631s	4	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.466s (~)	15.013s (~)	0.547s	4	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	20.517s (-2.7%)	22.084s (-4.9%)	1.567s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.552s (-2.5%)	22.613s (-0.9%)	2.061s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	20.846s (-2.5%)	22.792s (-1.7%)	1.946s	3	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	12.456s (-1.5%)	13.019s (~)	0.563s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	12.485s (~)	13.027s (~)	0.541s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.508s (~)	13.019s (~)	0.512s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	12.628s (~)	13.026s (~)	0.398s	7	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.860s (+6.2% 🔺)	14.169s (+4.2%)	0.309s	7	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.957s (+0.6%)	14.305s (+1.0%)	0.349s	7	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	28.957s (-4.4%)	31.358s (-2.4%)	2.401s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	30.582s (+12.6% 🔺)	32.815s (+14.8% 🔺)	2.233s	3	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.878s (+2.6%)	33.508s (+4.5%)	2.630s	3	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.206s (-1.4%)	2.008s (~)	0.802s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.206s (-4.3%)	2.008s (-3.2%)	0.802s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.250s (+3.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.757s	15	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	1.260s (+2.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.747s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.286s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.721s	15	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.300s (+1.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.706s	15	1.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.547s (-53.3% 🟢)	4.098s (-35.9% 🟢)	1.551s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.701s (-55.7% 🟢)	4.311s (-47.2% 🟢)	1.611s	8	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.127s (+35.0% 🔺)	5.158s (+34.5% 🔺)	2.031s	6	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.341s (-6.6% 🟢)	2.469s (-1.5%)	1.128s	13	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.342s (-4.9%)	2.222s (~)	0.880s	14	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.643s (+4.9%)	2.395s (-15.3% 🟢)	0.752s	13	1.23x
💻 Local	Express	1.723s (-15.2% 🟢)	2.006s (-16.1% 🟢)	0.283s	15	1.28x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.837s (+4.7%)	2.150s (+7.2% 🔺)	0.313s	14	1.37x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.979s (+1.7%)	2.317s (~)	0.339s	13	1.48x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.184s (+17.7% 🔺)	4.960s (+29.8% 🔺)	1.777s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.265s (+20.8% 🔺)	5.248s (+9.5% 🔺)	1.983s	6	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.503s (-15.4% 🟢)	6.507s (-13.9% 🟢)	2.003s	5	1.41x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.521s (-7.4% 🟢)	3.885s (-9.6% 🟢)	2.364s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.566s (-6.9% 🟢)	4.012s (~)	2.446s	8	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.731s (+13.8% 🔺)	4.730s (+14.3% 🔺)	0.999s	7	2.45x
💻 Local	Express	4.717s (-8.2% 🟢)	5.011s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.295s	6	3.10x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.505s (-2.8%)	6.214s (~)	0.709s	5	3.62x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.861s (+31.3% 🔺)	6.216s (+24.0% 🔺)	0.355s	5	3.85x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.741s (~)	6.004s (+15.3% 🔺)	2.263s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.282s (+7.7% 🔺)	6.454s (+2.9%)	2.172s	5	1.14x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.449s (+45.0% 🔺)	6.696s (+28.1% 🔺)	2.247s	5	1.19x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.201s (-1.2%)	2.007s (-3.2%)	0.806s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.205s (-1.0%)	2.007s (-3.2%)	0.802s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.303s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.705s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.403s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.604s	15	1.17x
💻 Local	Express	1.509s (-4.4%)	2.006s (~)	0.497s	15	1.26x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.640s (+3.1%)	2.074s (+3.3%)	0.434s	15	1.37x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.330s (-32.8% 🟢)	3.965s (-21.0% 🟢)	1.635s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.390s (-24.9% 🟢)	3.927s (-24.4% 🟢)	1.538s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.391s (-13.3% 🟢)	3.790s (-14.1% 🟢)	1.399s	8	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.326s (-2.1%)	2.316s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.990s	13	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.361s (-13.1% 🟢)	2.315s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.954s	13	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.563s (-9.9% 🟢)	2.077s (-13.3% 🟢)	0.514s	15	1.18x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.059s (+1.8%)	2.676s (+11.9% 🔺)	0.616s	12	1.55x
💻 Local	Express	2.176s (-4.5%)	2.736s (~)	0.560s	11	1.64x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.375s (+4.5%)	2.827s (+3.4%)	0.452s	11	1.79x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.805s (-3.6%)	4.726s (-0.6%)	1.921s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.316s (-9.9% 🟢)	5.377s (+0.7%)	2.062s	7	1.18x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.575s (+2.6%)	5.407s (+13.6% 🔺)	1.832s	6	1.27x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.609s (-2.3%)	4.300s (+7.2% 🔺)	2.690s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.722s (+6.1% 🔺)	4.013s (+3.0%)	2.290s	8	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.735s (+10.4% 🔺)	4.299s (~)	0.564s	7	2.32x
💻 Local	Express	4.831s (-23.1% 🟢)	5.347s (-21.6% 🟢)	0.516s	6	3.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.426s (-14.5% 🟢)	6.017s (-11.7% 🟢)	0.591s	5	3.37x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.827s (+27.7% 🔺)	6.414s (+23.8% 🔺)	0.586s	5	3.62x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.418s (-61.4% 🟢)	5.675s (-46.7% 🟢)	2.257s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.505s (-64.1% 🟢)	5.593s (-52.2% 🟢)	2.087s	6	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.320s (-48.7% 🟢)	6.354s (-38.2% 🟢)	2.034s	5	1.26x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.548s (-4.0%)	1.006s (~)	0.458s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.553s (-5.5% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.453s	60	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	0.593s (-3.7%)	1.005s (~)	0.412s	60	1.08x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.634s (+3.1%)	1.040s (+3.5%)	0.405s	58	1.16x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.880s (+21.6% 🔺)	1.039s (+1.7%)	0.159s	58	1.61x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.899s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.059s (+1.8%)	0.160s	57	1.64x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.536s (+11.1% 🔺)	7.597s (+19.6% 🔺)	2.060s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.710s (-8.4% 🟢)	7.452s (-7.8% 🟢)	1.742s	9	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.852s (+7.3% 🔺)	7.803s (+4.9%)	1.952s	8	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.342s (-7.5% 🟢)	2.052s (-1.2%)	0.709s	45	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.493s (-2.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.513s	45	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.537s (+8.6% 🔺)	2.150s (+5.9% 🔺)	0.613s	42	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.561s (-1.2%)	2.007s (-1.1%)	0.446s	45	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.000s (+3.4%)	2.494s (+20.2% 🔺)	0.494s	37	1.49x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.111s (+16.0% 🔺)	3.008s (+40.0% 🔺)	0.897s	30	1.57x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	13.246s (-10.5% 🟢)	15.560s (-9.3% 🟢)	2.315s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	13.291s (+5.8% 🔺)	15.111s (+4.2%)	1.819s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	13.715s (-13.1% 🟢)	15.563s (-9.6% 🟢)	1.847s	6	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.674s (-0.7%)	3.085s (+0.9%)	0.411s	39	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.765s (-3.3%)	3.166s (-1.7%)	0.401s	38	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	3.290s (~)	4.009s (~)	0.719s	30	1.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.308s (-0.8%)	4.010s (~)	0.702s	30	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.992s (+3.4%)	4.287s (+5.2% 🔺)	0.295s	29	1.49x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.424s (+19.8% 🔺)	5.011s (+23.0% 🔺)	0.587s	24	1.65x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	26.120s (+4.0%)	28.790s (+3.9%)	2.670s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	26.996s (-12.1% 🟢)	29.803s (-7.5% 🟢)	2.807s	5	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	28.999s (~)	32.099s (+2.8%)	3.100s	4	1.11x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.235s (+2.0%)	1.006s (~)	0.771s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.241s (-5.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.765s	60	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.310s (~)	1.006s (~)	0.696s	60	1.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.439s (+3.2%)	1.022s (+1.7%)	0.583s	59	1.86x
💻 Local	Express	0.441s (+3.5%)	1.005s (-1.6%)	0.564s	60	1.87x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.534s (-2.3%)	1.005s (~)	0.471s	60	2.27x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.843s (-1.7%)	3.973s (+9.9% 🔺)	2.131s	16	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.899s (+6.8% 🔺)	3.791s (+0.6%)	1.892s	16	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.969s (+4.6%)	3.773s (+7.7% 🔺)	1.805s	16	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.398s (+1.0%)	1.029s (+1.1%)	0.631s	88	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.410s (-4.1%)	1.053s (~)	0.643s	86	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.625s (+5.7% 🔺)	1.131s (-2.5%)	0.506s	81	1.57x
💻 Local	Express	2.127s (-1.0%)	2.822s (+3.1%)	0.695s	32	5.34x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.190s (+2.3%)	2.686s (~)	0.496s	34	5.50x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.535s (+6.7% 🔺)	3.261s (+6.0% 🔺)	0.726s	28	6.37x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.725s (-25.7% 🟢)	4.642s (-13.9% 🟢)	1.918s	20	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.765s (-5.9% 🟢)	4.367s (-5.2% 🟢)	1.602s	21	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.275s (-4.4%)	5.302s (+1.7%)	2.027s	18	1.20x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.766s (~)	1.322s (-4.4%)	0.556s	92	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.826s (+1.7%)	1.600s (+11.4% 🔺)	0.774s	76	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.956s (-1.6%)	3.983s (+6.5% 🔺)	1.026s	31	3.86x
💻 Local	Express	9.493s (-4.8%)	10.027s (-4.0%)	0.533s	13	12.40x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.695s (-1.8%)	10.280s (-1.6%)	0.584s	12	12.66x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.753s (+3.4%)	11.303s (+1.7%)	0.550s	11	14.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	6.053s (-6.5% 🟢)	7.896s (-0.7%)	1.843s	16	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	7.400s (-2.1%)	9.195s (-6.2% 🟢)	1.795s	14	1.22x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.963s (-7.3% 🟢)	9.857s (-6.7% 🟢)	1.894s	13	1.32x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.157s (-2.1%)	1.996s (~)	0.001s (-18.2% 🟢)	2.009s (~)	0.853s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.163s (-1.1%)	1.998s (~)	0.001s (-16.7% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.847s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.166s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.010s (-17.1% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.852s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.175s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.013s (-0.8%)	2.021s (~)	0.846s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.213s (+2.2%)	2.003s (~)	0.013s (+28.7% 🔺)	2.020s (~)	0.808s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.233s (~)	2.002s (~)	0.001s (-31.3% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.777s	10	1.07x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.082s (-9.8% 🟢)	3.124s (-3.0%)	1.282s (+14.2% 🔺)	4.843s (+2.5%)	2.761s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.172s (-18.1% 🟢)	3.319s (-16.8% 🟢)	0.851s (-6.1% 🟢)	4.671s (-13.2% 🟢)	2.498s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.435s (+10.3% 🔺)	3.366s (-2.2%)	0.887s (-37.9% 🟢)	4.891s (-8.2% 🟢)	2.456s	10	1.17x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.563s (-0.5%)	2.006s (~)	0.005s (-1.9%)	2.028s (~)	0.464s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.572s (-1.8%)	2.009s (~)	0.012s (-3.0%)	2.023s (~)	0.451s	30	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.592s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.012s (-13.8% 🟢)	2.024s (~)	0.432s	30	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.594s (~)	2.003s (~)	0.005s (+1.3%)	2.027s (~)	0.433s	30	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.772s (+7.9% 🔺)	2.042s (+1.7%)	0.013s (+0.5%)	2.059s (+1.7%)	0.287s	30	1.13x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.819s (+3.0%)	2.009s (~)	0.005s (-0.7%)	2.026s (~)	0.207s	30	1.16x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	5.818s (-5.0% 🟢)	7.290s (-5.1% 🟢)	0.300s (+36.3% 🔺)	8.164s (-2.7%)	2.346s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.863s (~)	7.334s (~)	0.564s (+102.8% 🔺)	8.372s (+2.0%)	2.509s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.946s (-1.9%)	6.897s (-3.3%)	0.206s (-8.0% 🟢)	7.588s (-2.6%)	1.642s	8	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.769s (-2.5%)	1.050s (~)	0.000s (~)	1.072s (~)	0.303s	56	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.779s (-5.7% 🟢)	1.048s (-6.8% 🟢)	0.000s (+278.6% 🔺)	1.071s (-6.2% 🟢)	0.292s	56	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.030s (~)	1.499s (+0.7%)	0.000s (+105.0% 🔺)	1.517s (+1.5%)	0.487s	40	1.34x
💻 Local	Express	1.413s (+2.0%)	2.014s (~)	0.000s (+116.7% 🔺)	2.017s (~)	0.603s	30	1.84x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.431s (+2.8%)	2.014s (~)	0.000s (+333.3% 🔺)	2.016s (~)	0.585s	30	1.86x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.508s (+2.8%)	2.013s (~)	0.001s (+1500.0% 🔺)	2.016s (~)	0.508s	30	1.96x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.647s (-28.5% 🟢)	3.863s (-20.0% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	4.316s (-17.5% 🟢)	1.669s	14	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.766s (-4.5%)	4.034s (-2.6%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	4.548s (-1.9%)	1.782s	14	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.784s (-28.6% 🟢)	4.253s (-19.9% 🟢)	0.001s (+492.3% 🔺)	4.837s (-16.3% 🟢)	2.053s	13	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.538s (-5.4% 🟢)	2.063s (-7.0% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.093s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.555s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.700s (-7.6% 🟢)	2.209s (-4.1%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.228s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.528s	28	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.276s (+2.2%)	2.777s (+4.8%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.784s (+4.6%)	0.508s	22	1.48x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.967s (-3.2%)	3.412s (-8.5% 🟢)	0.000s (-77.8% 🟢)	3.419s (-8.4% 🟢)	0.451s	18	1.93x
💻 Local	Express	3.069s (-1.2%)	3.840s (~)	0.001s (-50.0% 🟢)	3.843s (~)	0.774s	16	1.99x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.257s (+5.1% 🔺)	3.841s (~)	0.001s (-25.0% 🟢)	3.845s (~)	0.589s	16	2.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	4.189s (-8.2% 🟢)	5.694s (-4.6%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.133s (-8.2% 🟢)	1.944s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.447s (-13.5% 🟢)	5.740s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.223s (-10.2% 🟢)	1.776s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.448s (-6.4% 🟢)	5.888s (-7.0% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.366s (-7.2% 🟢)	1.918s	10	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	14/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13/21
▲ Vercel	Express	10/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	16/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	12/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	18/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2401. (backport job run)

[VaguelySerious]

Bump @vercel/queues package, which adds native retries for 429s and ECONNRESET

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 146cbfa

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 19 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/world-local	Patch
@workflow/world-postgres	Patch
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1442	0	219	1661
✅ 💻 Local Development	1895	0	219	2114
✅ 📦 Local Production	1895	0	219	2114
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1881	0	233	2114
✅ 🪟 Windows	151	0	0	151
✅ 📋 Other	879	0	178	1057
Total	8143	0	1068	9211

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	125	0	26
✅ example	125	0	26
✅ express	125	0	26
✅ fastify	125	0	26
✅ hono	125	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	149	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	149	0	2
✅ nitro	125	0	26
✅ nuxt	125	0	26
✅ sveltekit	144	0	7
✅ vite	125	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	126	0	25
✅ express-stable	126	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	126	0	25
✅ hono-stable	126	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	126	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	126	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	145	0	6
✅ vite-stable	126	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	126	0	25
✅ express-stable	126	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	126	0	25
✅ hono-stable	126	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	126	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	126	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	145	0	6
✅ vite-stable	126	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	125	0	26
✅ express-stable	125	0	26
✅ fastify-stable	125	0	26
✅ hono-stable	125	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	131	0	20
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	150	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	150	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	131	0	20
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	150	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	150	0	1
✅ nitro-stable	125	0	26
✅ nuxt-stable	125	0	26
✅ sveltekit-stable	144	0	7
✅ vite-stable	125	0	26

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	151	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	126	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	126	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	125	0	26
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	125	0	26
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	126	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	126	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	125	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.042s (-3.2%)	1.006s (~)	0.964s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.044s (+3.5%)	1.007s (~)	0.963s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.062s (-3.6%)	1.011s (~)	0.950s	10	1.46x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.063s (+5.0% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.943s	10	1.49x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.064s (+15.1% 🔺)	1.017s (+0.5%)	0.953s	10	1.51x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.071s (+4.7%)	1.012s (~)	0.941s	10	1.69x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.287s (-4.9%)	2.141s (+3.8%)	1.854s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.312s (-26.7% 🟢)	2.413s (+1.3%)	2.100s	10	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.353s (+27.7% 🔺)	2.243s (~)	1.890s	10	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.095s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.912s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.101s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.906s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.103s (-0.8%)	2.009s (~)	0.906s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.107s (~)	2.009s (~)	0.902s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.133s (+1.5%)	2.007s (~)	0.874s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.148s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.863s	10	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.567s (-6.2% 🟢)	3.629s (-8.8% 🟢)	2.062s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.652s (-5.6% 🟢)	3.697s (+3.4%)	2.045s	10	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.723s (-4.6%)	3.622s (-3.9%)	1.899s	10	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	10.531s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.491s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.533s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.489s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.534s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.487s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.567s (~)	11.019s (~)	0.452s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.811s (+1.2%)	11.022s (~)	0.211s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.839s (~)	11.017s (~)	0.178s	3	1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.649s (-0.5%)	15.545s (+3.3%)	1.897s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	13.891s (~)	16.672s (+3.9%)	2.781s	2	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.011s (-2.1%)	16.305s (+2.4%)	2.294s	2	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	13.749s (~)	14.020s (~)	0.271s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.765s (~)	14.026s (~)	0.261s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.771s (~)	14.020s (~)	0.248s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	13.866s (~)	14.227s (+1.4%)	0.361s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.399s (+2.6%)	15.030s (+4.2%)	0.631s	4	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.466s (~)	15.013s (~)	0.547s	4	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	20.517s (-2.7%)	22.084s (-4.9%)	1.567s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.552s (-2.5%)	22.613s (-0.9%)	2.061s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	20.846s (-2.5%)	22.792s (-1.7%)	1.946s	3	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	12.456s (-1.5%)	13.019s (~)	0.563s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	12.485s (~)	13.027s (~)	0.541s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.508s (~)	13.019s (~)	0.512s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	12.628s (~)	13.026s (~)	0.398s	7	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.860s (+6.2% 🔺)	14.169s (+4.2%)	0.309s	7	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.957s (+0.6%)	14.305s (+1.0%)	0.349s	7	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	28.957s (-4.4%)	31.358s (-2.4%)	2.401s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	30.582s (+12.6% 🔺)	32.815s (+14.8% 🔺)	2.233s	3	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.878s (+2.6%)	33.508s (+4.5%)	2.630s	3	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.206s (-1.4%)	2.008s (~)	0.802s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.206s (-4.3%)	2.008s (-3.2%)	0.802s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.250s (+3.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.757s	15	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	1.260s (+2.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.747s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.286s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.721s	15	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.300s (+1.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.706s	15	1.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.547s (-53.3% 🟢)	4.098s (-35.9% 🟢)	1.551s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.701s (-55.7% 🟢)	4.311s (-47.2% 🟢)	1.611s	8	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.127s (+35.0% 🔺)	5.158s (+34.5% 🔺)	2.031s	6	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.341s (-6.6% 🟢)	2.469s (-1.5%)	1.128s	13	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.342s (-4.9%)	2.222s (~)	0.880s	14	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.643s (+4.9%)	2.395s (-15.3% 🟢)	0.752s	13	1.23x
💻 Local	Express	1.723s (-15.2% 🟢)	2.006s (-16.1% 🟢)	0.283s	15	1.28x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.837s (+4.7%)	2.150s (+7.2% 🔺)	0.313s	14	1.37x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.979s (+1.7%)	2.317s (~)	0.339s	13	1.48x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.184s (+17.7% 🔺)	4.960s (+29.8% 🔺)	1.777s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.265s (+20.8% 🔺)	5.248s (+9.5% 🔺)	1.983s	6	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.503s (-15.4% 🟢)	6.507s (-13.9% 🟢)	2.003s	5	1.41x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.521s (-7.4% 🟢)	3.885s (-9.6% 🟢)	2.364s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.566s (-6.9% 🟢)	4.012s (~)	2.446s	8	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.731s (+13.8% 🔺)	4.730s (+14.3% 🔺)	0.999s	7	2.45x
💻 Local	Express	4.717s (-8.2% 🟢)	5.011s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.295s	6	3.10x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.505s (-2.8%)	6.214s (~)	0.709s	5	3.62x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.861s (+31.3% 🔺)	6.216s (+24.0% 🔺)	0.355s	5	3.85x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.741s (~)	6.004s (+15.3% 🔺)	2.263s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.282s (+7.7% 🔺)	6.454s (+2.9%)	2.172s	5	1.14x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.449s (+45.0% 🔺)	6.696s (+28.1% 🔺)	2.247s	5	1.19x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.201s (-1.2%)	2.007s (-3.2%)	0.806s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.205s (-1.0%)	2.007s (-3.2%)	0.802s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.303s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.705s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.403s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.604s	15	1.17x
💻 Local	Express	1.509s (-4.4%)	2.006s (~)	0.497s	15	1.26x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.640s (+3.1%)	2.074s (+3.3%)	0.434s	15	1.37x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.330s (-32.8% 🟢)	3.965s (-21.0% 🟢)	1.635s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.390s (-24.9% 🟢)	3.927s (-24.4% 🟢)	1.538s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.391s (-13.3% 🟢)	3.790s (-14.1% 🟢)	1.399s	8	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.326s (-2.1%)	2.316s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.990s	13	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.361s (-13.1% 🟢)	2.315s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.954s	13	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.563s (-9.9% 🟢)	2.077s (-13.3% 🟢)	0.514s	15	1.18x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.059s (+1.8%)	2.676s (+11.9% 🔺)	0.616s	12	1.55x
💻 Local	Express	2.176s (-4.5%)	2.736s (~)	0.560s	11	1.64x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.375s (+4.5%)	2.827s (+3.4%)	0.452s	11	1.79x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.805s (-3.6%)	4.726s (-0.6%)	1.921s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.316s (-9.9% 🟢)	5.377s (+0.7%)	2.062s	7	1.18x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.575s (+2.6%)	5.407s (+13.6% 🔺)	1.832s	6	1.27x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.609s (-2.3%)	4.300s (+7.2% 🔺)	2.690s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.722s (+6.1% 🔺)	4.013s (+3.0%)	2.290s	8	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.735s (+10.4% 🔺)	4.299s (~)	0.564s	7	2.32x
💻 Local	Express	4.831s (-23.1% 🟢)	5.347s (-21.6% 🟢)	0.516s	6	3.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.426s (-14.5% 🟢)	6.017s (-11.7% 🟢)	0.591s	5	3.37x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.827s (+27.7% 🔺)	6.414s (+23.8% 🔺)	0.586s	5	3.62x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.418s (-61.4% 🟢)	5.675s (-46.7% 🟢)	2.257s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.505s (-64.1% 🟢)	5.593s (-52.2% 🟢)	2.087s	6	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.320s (-48.7% 🟢)	6.354s (-38.2% 🟢)	2.034s	5	1.26x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.548s (-4.0%)	1.006s (~)	0.458s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.553s (-5.5% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.453s	60	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	0.593s (-3.7%)	1.005s (~)	0.412s	60	1.08x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.634s (+3.1%)	1.040s (+3.5%)	0.405s	58	1.16x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.880s (+21.6% 🔺)	1.039s (+1.7%)	0.159s	58	1.61x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.899s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.059s (+1.8%)	0.160s	57	1.64x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.536s (+11.1% 🔺)	7.597s (+19.6% 🔺)	2.060s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.710s (-8.4% 🟢)	7.452s (-7.8% 🟢)	1.742s	9	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.852s (+7.3% 🔺)	7.803s (+4.9%)	1.952s	8	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.342s (-7.5% 🟢)	2.052s (-1.2%)	0.709s	45	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.493s (-2.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.513s	45	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.537s (+8.6% 🔺)	2.150s (+5.9% 🔺)	0.613s	42	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.561s (-1.2%)	2.007s (-1.1%)	0.446s	45	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.000s (+3.4%)	2.494s (+20.2% 🔺)	0.494s	37	1.49x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.111s (+16.0% 🔺)	3.008s (+40.0% 🔺)	0.897s	30	1.57x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	13.246s (-10.5% 🟢)	15.560s (-9.3% 🟢)	2.315s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	13.291s (+5.8% 🔺)	15.111s (+4.2%)	1.819s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	13.715s (-13.1% 🟢)	15.563s (-9.6% 🟢)	1.847s	6	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.674s (-0.7%)	3.085s (+0.9%)	0.411s	39	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.765s (-3.3%)	3.166s (-1.7%)	0.401s	38	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	3.290s (~)	4.009s (~)	0.719s	30	1.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.308s (-0.8%)	4.010s (~)	0.702s	30	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.992s (+3.4%)	4.287s (+5.2% 🔺)	0.295s	29	1.49x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.424s (+19.8% 🔺)	5.011s (+23.0% 🔺)	0.587s	24	1.65x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	26.120s (+4.0%)	28.790s (+3.9%)	2.670s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	26.996s (-12.1% 🟢)	29.803s (-7.5% 🟢)	2.807s	5	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	28.999s (~)	32.099s (+2.8%)	3.100s	4	1.11x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.235s (+2.0%)	1.006s (~)	0.771s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.241s (-5.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.765s	60	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.310s (~)	1.006s (~)	0.696s	60	1.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.439s (+3.2%)	1.022s (+1.7%)	0.583s	59	1.86x
💻 Local	Express	0.441s (+3.5%)	1.005s (-1.6%)	0.564s	60	1.87x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.534s (-2.3%)	1.005s (~)	0.471s	60	2.27x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.843s (-1.7%)	3.973s (+9.9% 🔺)	2.131s	16	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.899s (+6.8% 🔺)	3.791s (+0.6%)	1.892s	16	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.969s (+4.6%)	3.773s (+7.7% 🔺)	1.805s	16	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.398s (+1.0%)	1.029s (+1.1%)	0.631s	88	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.410s (-4.1%)	1.053s (~)	0.643s	86	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.625s (+5.7% 🔺)	1.131s (-2.5%)	0.506s	81	1.57x
💻 Local	Express	2.127s (-1.0%)	2.822s (+3.1%)	0.695s	32	5.34x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.190s (+2.3%)	2.686s (~)	0.496s	34	5.50x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.535s (+6.7% 🔺)	3.261s (+6.0% 🔺)	0.726s	28	6.37x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.725s (-25.7% 🟢)	4.642s (-13.9% 🟢)	1.918s	20	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.765s (-5.9% 🟢)	4.367s (-5.2% 🟢)	1.602s	21	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.275s (-4.4%)	5.302s (+1.7%)	2.027s	18	1.20x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.766s (~)	1.322s (-4.4%)	0.556s	92	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.826s (+1.7%)	1.600s (+11.4% 🔺)	0.774s	76	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.956s (-1.6%)	3.983s (+6.5% 🔺)	1.026s	31	3.86x
💻 Local	Express	9.493s (-4.8%)	10.027s (-4.0%)	0.533s	13	12.40x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.695s (-1.8%)	10.280s (-1.6%)	0.584s	12	12.66x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.753s (+3.4%)	11.303s (+1.7%)	0.550s	11	14.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	6.053s (-6.5% 🟢)	7.896s (-0.7%)	1.843s	16	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	7.400s (-2.1%)	9.195s (-6.2% 🟢)	1.795s	14	1.22x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.963s (-7.3% 🟢)	9.857s (-6.7% 🟢)	1.894s	13	1.32x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.157s (-2.1%)	1.996s (~)	0.001s (-18.2% 🟢)	2.009s (~)	0.853s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.163s (-1.1%)	1.998s (~)	0.001s (-16.7% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.847s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.166s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.010s (-17.1% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.852s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.175s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.013s (-0.8%)	2.021s (~)	0.846s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.213s (+2.2%)	2.003s (~)	0.013s (+28.7% 🔺)	2.020s (~)	0.808s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.233s (~)	2.002s (~)	0.001s (-31.3% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.777s	10	1.07x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.082s (-9.8% 🟢)	3.124s (-3.0%)	1.282s (+14.2% 🔺)	4.843s (+2.5%)	2.761s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.172s (-18.1% 🟢)	3.319s (-16.8% 🟢)	0.851s (-6.1% 🟢)	4.671s (-13.2% 🟢)	2.498s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.435s (+10.3% 🔺)	3.366s (-2.2%)	0.887s (-37.9% 🟢)	4.891s (-8.2% 🟢)	2.456s	10	1.17x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.563s (-0.5%)	2.006s (~)	0.005s (-1.9%)	2.028s (~)	0.464s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.572s (-1.8%)	2.009s (~)	0.012s (-3.0%)	2.023s (~)	0.451s	30	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.592s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.012s (-13.8% 🟢)	2.024s (~)	0.432s	30	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.594s (~)	2.003s (~)	0.005s (+1.3%)	2.027s (~)	0.433s	30	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.772s (+7.9% 🔺)	2.042s (+1.7%)	0.013s (+0.5%)	2.059s (+1.7%)	0.287s	30	1.13x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.819s (+3.0%)	2.009s (~)	0.005s (-0.7%)	2.026s (~)	0.207s	30	1.16x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	5.818s (-5.0% 🟢)	7.290s (-5.1% 🟢)	0.300s (+36.3% 🔺)	8.164s (-2.7%)	2.346s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.863s (~)	7.334s (~)	0.564s (+102.8% 🔺)	8.372s (+2.0%)	2.509s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.946s (-1.9%)	6.897s (-3.3%)	0.206s (-8.0% 🟢)	7.588s (-2.6%)	1.642s	8	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.769s (-2.5%)	1.050s (~)	0.000s (~)	1.072s (~)	0.303s	56	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.779s (-5.7% 🟢)	1.048s (-6.8% 🟢)	0.000s (+278.6% 🔺)	1.071s (-6.2% 🟢)	0.292s	56	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.030s (~)	1.499s (+0.7%)	0.000s (+105.0% 🔺)	1.517s (+1.5%)	0.487s	40	1.34x
💻 Local	Express	1.413s (+2.0%)	2.014s (~)	0.000s (+116.7% 🔺)	2.017s (~)	0.603s	30	1.84x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.431s (+2.8%)	2.014s (~)	0.000s (+333.3% 🔺)	2.016s (~)	0.585s	30	1.86x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.508s (+2.8%)	2.013s (~)	0.001s (+1500.0% 🔺)	2.016s (~)	0.508s	30	1.96x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.647s (-28.5% 🟢)	3.863s (-20.0% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	4.316s (-17.5% 🟢)	1.669s	14	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.766s (-4.5%)	4.034s (-2.6%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	4.548s (-1.9%)	1.782s	14	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.784s (-28.6% 🟢)	4.253s (-19.9% 🟢)	0.001s (+492.3% 🔺)	4.837s (-16.3% 🟢)	2.053s	13	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.538s (-5.4% 🟢)	2.063s (-7.0% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.093s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.555s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.700s (-7.6% 🟢)	2.209s (-4.1%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.228s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.528s	28	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.276s (+2.2%)	2.777s (+4.8%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.784s (+4.6%)	0.508s	22	1.48x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.967s (-3.2%)	3.412s (-8.5% 🟢)	0.000s (-77.8% 🟢)	3.419s (-8.4% 🟢)	0.451s	18	1.93x
💻 Local	Express	3.069s (-1.2%)	3.840s (~)	0.001s (-50.0% 🟢)	3.843s (~)	0.774s	16	1.99x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.257s (+5.1% 🔺)	3.841s (~)	0.001s (-25.0% 🟢)	3.845s (~)	0.589s	16	2.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	4.189s (-8.2% 🟢)	5.694s (-4.6%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.133s (-8.2% 🟢)	1.944s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.447s (-13.5% 🟢)	5.740s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.223s (-10.2% 🟢)	1.776s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.448s (-6.4% 🟢)	5.888s (-7.0% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.366s (-7.2% 🟢)	1.918s	10	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	14/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13/21
▲ Vercel	Express	10/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	16/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	12/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	18/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2401. (backport job run)

[VaguelySerious]

Bump @vercel/queues package, which adds native retries for 429s and ECONNRESET

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 146cbfa

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 19 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/world-local	Patch
@workflow/world-postgres	Patch
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1442	0	219	1661
✅ 💻 Local Development	1895	0	219	2114
✅ 📦 Local Production	1895	0	219	2114
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1881	0	233	2114
✅ 🪟 Windows	151	0	0	151
✅ 📋 Other	879	0	178	1057
Total	8143	0	1068	9211

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	125	0	26
✅ example	125	0	26
✅ express	125	0	26
✅ fastify	125	0	26
✅ hono	125	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	149	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	149	0	2
✅ nitro	125	0	26
✅ nuxt	125	0	26
✅ sveltekit	144	0	7
✅ vite	125	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	126	0	25
✅ express-stable	126	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	126	0	25
✅ hono-stable	126	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	126	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	126	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	145	0	6
✅ vite-stable	126	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	126	0	25
✅ express-stable	126	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	126	0	25
✅ hono-stable	126	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	126	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	126	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	145	0	6
✅ vite-stable	126	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	125	0	26
✅ express-stable	125	0	26
✅ fastify-stable	125	0	26
✅ hono-stable	125	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	131	0	20
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	150	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	150	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	131	0	20
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	150	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	150	0	1
✅ nitro-stable	125	0	26
✅ nuxt-stable	125	0	26
✅ sveltekit-stable	144	0	7
✅ vite-stable	125	0	26

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	151	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	126	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	126	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	125	0	26
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	125	0	26
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	126	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	126	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	125	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.042s (-3.2%)	1.006s (~)	0.964s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.044s (+3.5%)	1.007s (~)	0.963s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.062s (-3.6%)	1.011s (~)	0.950s	10	1.46x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.063s (+5.0% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.943s	10	1.49x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.064s (+15.1% 🔺)	1.017s (+0.5%)	0.953s	10	1.51x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.071s (+4.7%)	1.012s (~)	0.941s	10	1.69x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.287s (-4.9%)	2.141s (+3.8%)	1.854s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.312s (-26.7% 🟢)	2.413s (+1.3%)	2.100s	10	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.353s (+27.7% 🔺)	2.243s (~)	1.890s	10	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.095s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.912s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.101s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.906s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.103s (-0.8%)	2.009s (~)	0.906s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.107s (~)	2.009s (~)	0.902s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.133s (+1.5%)	2.007s (~)	0.874s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.148s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.863s	10	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.567s (-6.2% 🟢)	3.629s (-8.8% 🟢)	2.062s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.652s (-5.6% 🟢)	3.697s (+3.4%)	2.045s	10	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.723s (-4.6%)	3.622s (-3.9%)	1.899s	10	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	10.531s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.491s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.533s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.489s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.534s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.487s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.567s (~)	11.019s (~)	0.452s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.811s (+1.2%)	11.022s (~)	0.211s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.839s (~)	11.017s (~)	0.178s	3	1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.649s (-0.5%)	15.545s (+3.3%)	1.897s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	13.891s (~)	16.672s (+3.9%)	2.781s	2	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.011s (-2.1%)	16.305s (+2.4%)	2.294s	2	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	13.749s (~)	14.020s (~)	0.271s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.765s (~)	14.026s (~)	0.261s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.771s (~)	14.020s (~)	0.248s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	13.866s (~)	14.227s (+1.4%)	0.361s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.399s (+2.6%)	15.030s (+4.2%)	0.631s	4	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.466s (~)	15.013s (~)	0.547s	4	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	20.517s (-2.7%)	22.084s (-4.9%)	1.567s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.552s (-2.5%)	22.613s (-0.9%)	2.061s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	20.846s (-2.5%)	22.792s (-1.7%)	1.946s	3	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	12.456s (-1.5%)	13.019s (~)	0.563s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	12.485s (~)	13.027s (~)	0.541s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.508s (~)	13.019s (~)	0.512s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	12.628s (~)	13.026s (~)	0.398s	7	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.860s (+6.2% 🔺)	14.169s (+4.2%)	0.309s	7	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.957s (+0.6%)	14.305s (+1.0%)	0.349s	7	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	28.957s (-4.4%)	31.358s (-2.4%)	2.401s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	30.582s (+12.6% 🔺)	32.815s (+14.8% 🔺)	2.233s	3	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.878s (+2.6%)	33.508s (+4.5%)	2.630s	3	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.206s (-1.4%)	2.008s (~)	0.802s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.206s (-4.3%)	2.008s (-3.2%)	0.802s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.250s (+3.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.757s	15	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	1.260s (+2.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.747s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.286s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.721s	15	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.300s (+1.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.706s	15	1.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.547s (-53.3% 🟢)	4.098s (-35.9% 🟢)	1.551s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.701s (-55.7% 🟢)	4.311s (-47.2% 🟢)	1.611s	8	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.127s (+35.0% 🔺)	5.158s (+34.5% 🔺)	2.031s	6	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.341s (-6.6% 🟢)	2.469s (-1.5%)	1.128s	13	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.342s (-4.9%)	2.222s (~)	0.880s	14	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.643s (+4.9%)	2.395s (-15.3% 🟢)	0.752s	13	1.23x
💻 Local	Express	1.723s (-15.2% 🟢)	2.006s (-16.1% 🟢)	0.283s	15	1.28x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.837s (+4.7%)	2.150s (+7.2% 🔺)	0.313s	14	1.37x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.979s (+1.7%)	2.317s (~)	0.339s	13	1.48x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.184s (+17.7% 🔺)	4.960s (+29.8% 🔺)	1.777s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.265s (+20.8% 🔺)	5.248s (+9.5% 🔺)	1.983s	6	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.503s (-15.4% 🟢)	6.507s (-13.9% 🟢)	2.003s	5	1.41x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.521s (-7.4% 🟢)	3.885s (-9.6% 🟢)	2.364s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.566s (-6.9% 🟢)	4.012s (~)	2.446s	8	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.731s (+13.8% 🔺)	4.730s (+14.3% 🔺)	0.999s	7	2.45x
💻 Local	Express	4.717s (-8.2% 🟢)	5.011s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.295s	6	3.10x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.505s (-2.8%)	6.214s (~)	0.709s	5	3.62x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.861s (+31.3% 🔺)	6.216s (+24.0% 🔺)	0.355s	5	3.85x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.741s (~)	6.004s (+15.3% 🔺)	2.263s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.282s (+7.7% 🔺)	6.454s (+2.9%)	2.172s	5	1.14x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.449s (+45.0% 🔺)	6.696s (+28.1% 🔺)	2.247s	5	1.19x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.201s (-1.2%)	2.007s (-3.2%)	0.806s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.205s (-1.0%)	2.007s (-3.2%)	0.802s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.303s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.705s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.403s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.604s	15	1.17x
💻 Local	Express	1.509s (-4.4%)	2.006s (~)	0.497s	15	1.26x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.640s (+3.1%)	2.074s (+3.3%)	0.434s	15	1.37x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.330s (-32.8% 🟢)	3.965s (-21.0% 🟢)	1.635s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.390s (-24.9% 🟢)	3.927s (-24.4% 🟢)	1.538s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.391s (-13.3% 🟢)	3.790s (-14.1% 🟢)	1.399s	8	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.326s (-2.1%)	2.316s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.990s	13	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.361s (-13.1% 🟢)	2.315s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.954s	13	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.563s (-9.9% 🟢)	2.077s (-13.3% 🟢)	0.514s	15	1.18x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.059s (+1.8%)	2.676s (+11.9% 🔺)	0.616s	12	1.55x
💻 Local	Express	2.176s (-4.5%)	2.736s (~)	0.560s	11	1.64x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.375s (+4.5%)	2.827s (+3.4%)	0.452s	11	1.79x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.805s (-3.6%)	4.726s (-0.6%)	1.921s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.316s (-9.9% 🟢)	5.377s (+0.7%)	2.062s	7	1.18x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.575s (+2.6%)	5.407s (+13.6% 🔺)	1.832s	6	1.27x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.609s (-2.3%)	4.300s (+7.2% 🔺)	2.690s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.722s (+6.1% 🔺)	4.013s (+3.0%)	2.290s	8	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.735s (+10.4% 🔺)	4.299s (~)	0.564s	7	2.32x
💻 Local	Express	4.831s (-23.1% 🟢)	5.347s (-21.6% 🟢)	0.516s	6	3.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.426s (-14.5% 🟢)	6.017s (-11.7% 🟢)	0.591s	5	3.37x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.827s (+27.7% 🔺)	6.414s (+23.8% 🔺)	0.586s	5	3.62x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.418s (-61.4% 🟢)	5.675s (-46.7% 🟢)	2.257s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.505s (-64.1% 🟢)	5.593s (-52.2% 🟢)	2.087s	6	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.320s (-48.7% 🟢)	6.354s (-38.2% 🟢)	2.034s	5	1.26x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.548s (-4.0%)	1.006s (~)	0.458s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.553s (-5.5% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.453s	60	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	0.593s (-3.7%)	1.005s (~)	0.412s	60	1.08x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.634s (+3.1%)	1.040s (+3.5%)	0.405s	58	1.16x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.880s (+21.6% 🔺)	1.039s (+1.7%)	0.159s	58	1.61x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.899s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.059s (+1.8%)	0.160s	57	1.64x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.536s (+11.1% 🔺)	7.597s (+19.6% 🔺)	2.060s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.710s (-8.4% 🟢)	7.452s (-7.8% 🟢)	1.742s	9	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.852s (+7.3% 🔺)	7.803s (+4.9%)	1.952s	8	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.342s (-7.5% 🟢)	2.052s (-1.2%)	0.709s	45	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.493s (-2.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.513s	45	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.537s (+8.6% 🔺)	2.150s (+5.9% 🔺)	0.613s	42	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.561s (-1.2%)	2.007s (-1.1%)	0.446s	45	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.000s (+3.4%)	2.494s (+20.2% 🔺)	0.494s	37	1.49x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.111s (+16.0% 🔺)	3.008s (+40.0% 🔺)	0.897s	30	1.57x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	13.246s (-10.5% 🟢)	15.560s (-9.3% 🟢)	2.315s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	13.291s (+5.8% 🔺)	15.111s (+4.2%)	1.819s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	13.715s (-13.1% 🟢)	15.563s (-9.6% 🟢)	1.847s	6	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.674s (-0.7%)	3.085s (+0.9%)	0.411s	39	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.765s (-3.3%)	3.166s (-1.7%)	0.401s	38	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	3.290s (~)	4.009s (~)	0.719s	30	1.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.308s (-0.8%)	4.010s (~)	0.702s	30	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.992s (+3.4%)	4.287s (+5.2% 🔺)	0.295s	29	1.49x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.424s (+19.8% 🔺)	5.011s (+23.0% 🔺)	0.587s	24	1.65x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	26.120s (+4.0%)	28.790s (+3.9%)	2.670s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	26.996s (-12.1% 🟢)	29.803s (-7.5% 🟢)	2.807s	5	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	28.999s (~)	32.099s (+2.8%)	3.100s	4	1.11x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.235s (+2.0%)	1.006s (~)	0.771s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.241s (-5.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.765s	60	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.310s (~)	1.006s (~)	0.696s	60	1.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.439s (+3.2%)	1.022s (+1.7%)	0.583s	59	1.86x
💻 Local	Express	0.441s (+3.5%)	1.005s (-1.6%)	0.564s	60	1.87x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.534s (-2.3%)	1.005s (~)	0.471s	60	2.27x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.843s (-1.7%)	3.973s (+9.9% 🔺)	2.131s	16	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.899s (+6.8% 🔺)	3.791s (+0.6%)	1.892s	16	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.969s (+4.6%)	3.773s (+7.7% 🔺)	1.805s	16	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.398s (+1.0%)	1.029s (+1.1%)	0.631s	88	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.410s (-4.1%)	1.053s (~)	0.643s	86	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.625s (+5.7% 🔺)	1.131s (-2.5%)	0.506s	81	1.57x
💻 Local	Express	2.127s (-1.0%)	2.822s (+3.1%)	0.695s	32	5.34x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.190s (+2.3%)	2.686s (~)	0.496s	34	5.50x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.535s (+6.7% 🔺)	3.261s (+6.0% 🔺)	0.726s	28	6.37x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.725s (-25.7% 🟢)	4.642s (-13.9% 🟢)	1.918s	20	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.765s (-5.9% 🟢)	4.367s (-5.2% 🟢)	1.602s	21	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.275s (-4.4%)	5.302s (+1.7%)	2.027s	18	1.20x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.766s (~)	1.322s (-4.4%)	0.556s	92	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.826s (+1.7%)	1.600s (+11.4% 🔺)	0.774s	76	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.956s (-1.6%)	3.983s (+6.5% 🔺)	1.026s	31	3.86x
💻 Local	Express	9.493s (-4.8%)	10.027s (-4.0%)	0.533s	13	12.40x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.695s (-1.8%)	10.280s (-1.6%)	0.584s	12	12.66x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.753s (+3.4%)	11.303s (+1.7%)	0.550s	11	14.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	6.053s (-6.5% 🟢)	7.896s (-0.7%)	1.843s	16	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	7.400s (-2.1%)	9.195s (-6.2% 🟢)	1.795s	14	1.22x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.963s (-7.3% 🟢)	9.857s (-6.7% 🟢)	1.894s	13	1.32x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.157s (-2.1%)	1.996s (~)	0.001s (-18.2% 🟢)	2.009s (~)	0.853s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.163s (-1.1%)	1.998s (~)	0.001s (-16.7% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.847s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.166s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.010s (-17.1% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.852s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.175s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.013s (-0.8%)	2.021s (~)	0.846s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.213s (+2.2%)	2.003s (~)	0.013s (+28.7% 🔺)	2.020s (~)	0.808s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.233s (~)	2.002s (~)	0.001s (-31.3% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.777s	10	1.07x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.082s (-9.8% 🟢)	3.124s (-3.0%)	1.282s (+14.2% 🔺)	4.843s (+2.5%)	2.761s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.172s (-18.1% 🟢)	3.319s (-16.8% 🟢)	0.851s (-6.1% 🟢)	4.671s (-13.2% 🟢)	2.498s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.435s (+10.3% 🔺)	3.366s (-2.2%)	0.887s (-37.9% 🟢)	4.891s (-8.2% 🟢)	2.456s	10	1.17x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.563s (-0.5%)	2.006s (~)	0.005s (-1.9%)	2.028s (~)	0.464s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.572s (-1.8%)	2.009s (~)	0.012s (-3.0%)	2.023s (~)	0.451s	30	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.592s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.012s (-13.8% 🟢)	2.024s (~)	0.432s	30	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.594s (~)	2.003s (~)	0.005s (+1.3%)	2.027s (~)	0.433s	30	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.772s (+7.9% 🔺)	2.042s (+1.7%)	0.013s (+0.5%)	2.059s (+1.7%)	0.287s	30	1.13x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.819s (+3.0%)	2.009s (~)	0.005s (-0.7%)	2.026s (~)	0.207s	30	1.16x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	5.818s (-5.0% 🟢)	7.290s (-5.1% 🟢)	0.300s (+36.3% 🔺)	8.164s (-2.7%)	2.346s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.863s (~)	7.334s (~)	0.564s (+102.8% 🔺)	8.372s (+2.0%)	2.509s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.946s (-1.9%)	6.897s (-3.3%)	0.206s (-8.0% 🟢)	7.588s (-2.6%)	1.642s	8	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.769s (-2.5%)	1.050s (~)	0.000s (~)	1.072s (~)	0.303s	56	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.779s (-5.7% 🟢)	1.048s (-6.8% 🟢)	0.000s (+278.6% 🔺)	1.071s (-6.2% 🟢)	0.292s	56	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.030s (~)	1.499s (+0.7%)	0.000s (+105.0% 🔺)	1.517s (+1.5%)	0.487s	40	1.34x
💻 Local	Express	1.413s (+2.0%)	2.014s (~)	0.000s (+116.7% 🔺)	2.017s (~)	0.603s	30	1.84x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.431s (+2.8%)	2.014s (~)	0.000s (+333.3% 🔺)	2.016s (~)	0.585s	30	1.86x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.508s (+2.8%)	2.013s (~)	0.001s (+1500.0% 🔺)	2.016s (~)	0.508s	30	1.96x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.647s (-28.5% 🟢)	3.863s (-20.0% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	4.316s (-17.5% 🟢)	1.669s	14	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.766s (-4.5%)	4.034s (-2.6%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	4.548s (-1.9%)	1.782s	14	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.784s (-28.6% 🟢)	4.253s (-19.9% 🟢)	0.001s (+492.3% 🔺)	4.837s (-16.3% 🟢)	2.053s	13	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.538s (-5.4% 🟢)	2.063s (-7.0% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.093s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.555s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.700s (-7.6% 🟢)	2.209s (-4.1%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.228s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.528s	28	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.276s (+2.2%)	2.777s (+4.8%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.784s (+4.6%)	0.508s	22	1.48x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.967s (-3.2%)	3.412s (-8.5% 🟢)	0.000s (-77.8% 🟢)	3.419s (-8.4% 🟢)	0.451s	18	1.93x
💻 Local	Express	3.069s (-1.2%)	3.840s (~)	0.001s (-50.0% 🟢)	3.843s (~)	0.774s	16	1.99x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.257s (+5.1% 🔺)	3.841s (~)	0.001s (-25.0% 🟢)	3.845s (~)	0.589s	16	2.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	4.189s (-8.2% 🟢)	5.694s (-4.6%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.133s (-8.2% 🟢)	1.944s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.447s (-13.5% 🟢)	5.740s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.223s (-10.2% 🟢)	1.776s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.448s (-6.4% 🟢)	5.888s (-7.0% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.366s (-7.2% 🟢)	1.918s	10	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	14/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13/21
▲ Vercel	Express	10/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	16/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	12/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	18/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2401. (backport job run)

[VaguelySerious]

Bump @vercel/queues package, which adds native retries for 429s and ECONNRESET

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 146cbfa

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 19 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/world-local	Patch
@workflow/world-postgres	Patch
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1442	0	219	1661
✅ 💻 Local Development	1895	0	219	2114
✅ 📦 Local Production	1895	0	219	2114
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1881	0	233	2114
✅ 🪟 Windows	151	0	0	151
✅ 📋 Other	879	0	178	1057
Total	8143	0	1068	9211

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	125	0	26
✅ example	125	0	26
✅ express	125	0	26
✅ fastify	125	0	26
✅ hono	125	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	149	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	149	0	2
✅ nitro	125	0	26
✅ nuxt	125	0	26
✅ sveltekit	144	0	7
✅ vite	125	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	126	0	25
✅ express-stable	126	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	126	0	25
✅ hono-stable	126	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	126	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	126	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	145	0	6
✅ vite-stable	126	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	126	0	25
✅ express-stable	126	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	126	0	25
✅ hono-stable	126	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	126	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	126	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	145	0	6
✅ vite-stable	126	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	125	0	26
✅ express-stable	125	0	26
✅ fastify-stable	125	0	26
✅ hono-stable	125	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	131	0	20
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	150	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	150	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	131	0	20
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	150	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	150	0	1
✅ nitro-stable	125	0	26
✅ nuxt-stable	125	0	26
✅ sveltekit-stable	144	0	7
✅ vite-stable	125	0	26

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	151	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	126	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	126	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	125	0	26
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	125	0	26
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	126	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	126	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	125	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.042s (-3.2%)	1.006s (~)	0.964s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.044s (+3.5%)	1.007s (~)	0.963s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.062s (-3.6%)	1.011s (~)	0.950s	10	1.46x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.063s (+5.0% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.943s	10	1.49x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.064s (+15.1% 🔺)	1.017s (+0.5%)	0.953s	10	1.51x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.071s (+4.7%)	1.012s (~)	0.941s	10	1.69x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.287s (-4.9%)	2.141s (+3.8%)	1.854s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.312s (-26.7% 🟢)	2.413s (+1.3%)	2.100s	10	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.353s (+27.7% 🔺)	2.243s (~)	1.890s	10	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.095s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.912s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.101s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.906s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.103s (-0.8%)	2.009s (~)	0.906s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.107s (~)	2.009s (~)	0.902s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.133s (+1.5%)	2.007s (~)	0.874s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.148s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.863s	10	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.567s (-6.2% 🟢)	3.629s (-8.8% 🟢)	2.062s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.652s (-5.6% 🟢)	3.697s (+3.4%)	2.045s	10	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.723s (-4.6%)	3.622s (-3.9%)	1.899s	10	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	10.531s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.491s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.533s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.489s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.534s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.487s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.567s (~)	11.019s (~)	0.452s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.811s (+1.2%)	11.022s (~)	0.211s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.839s (~)	11.017s (~)	0.178s	3	1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.649s (-0.5%)	15.545s (+3.3%)	1.897s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	13.891s (~)	16.672s (+3.9%)	2.781s	2	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.011s (-2.1%)	16.305s (+2.4%)	2.294s	2	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	13.749s (~)	14.020s (~)	0.271s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.765s (~)	14.026s (~)	0.261s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.771s (~)	14.020s (~)	0.248s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	13.866s (~)	14.227s (+1.4%)	0.361s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.399s (+2.6%)	15.030s (+4.2%)	0.631s	4	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.466s (~)	15.013s (~)	0.547s	4	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	20.517s (-2.7%)	22.084s (-4.9%)	1.567s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.552s (-2.5%)	22.613s (-0.9%)	2.061s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	20.846s (-2.5%)	22.792s (-1.7%)	1.946s	3	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	12.456s (-1.5%)	13.019s (~)	0.563s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	12.485s (~)	13.027s (~)	0.541s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.508s (~)	13.019s (~)	0.512s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	12.628s (~)	13.026s (~)	0.398s	7	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.860s (+6.2% 🔺)	14.169s (+4.2%)	0.309s	7	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.957s (+0.6%)	14.305s (+1.0%)	0.349s	7	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	28.957s (-4.4%)	31.358s (-2.4%)	2.401s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	30.582s (+12.6% 🔺)	32.815s (+14.8% 🔺)	2.233s	3	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.878s (+2.6%)	33.508s (+4.5%)	2.630s	3	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.206s (-1.4%)	2.008s (~)	0.802s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.206s (-4.3%)	2.008s (-3.2%)	0.802s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.250s (+3.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.757s	15	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	1.260s (+2.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.747s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.286s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.721s	15	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.300s (+1.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.706s	15	1.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.547s (-53.3% 🟢)	4.098s (-35.9% 🟢)	1.551s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.701s (-55.7% 🟢)	4.311s (-47.2% 🟢)	1.611s	8	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.127s (+35.0% 🔺)	5.158s (+34.5% 🔺)	2.031s	6	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.341s (-6.6% 🟢)	2.469s (-1.5%)	1.128s	13	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.342s (-4.9%)	2.222s (~)	0.880s	14	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.643s (+4.9%)	2.395s (-15.3% 🟢)	0.752s	13	1.23x
💻 Local	Express	1.723s (-15.2% 🟢)	2.006s (-16.1% 🟢)	0.283s	15	1.28x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.837s (+4.7%)	2.150s (+7.2% 🔺)	0.313s	14	1.37x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.979s (+1.7%)	2.317s (~)	0.339s	13	1.48x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.184s (+17.7% 🔺)	4.960s (+29.8% 🔺)	1.777s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.265s (+20.8% 🔺)	5.248s (+9.5% 🔺)	1.983s	6	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.503s (-15.4% 🟢)	6.507s (-13.9% 🟢)	2.003s	5	1.41x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.521s (-7.4% 🟢)	3.885s (-9.6% 🟢)	2.364s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.566s (-6.9% 🟢)	4.012s (~)	2.446s	8	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.731s (+13.8% 🔺)	4.730s (+14.3% 🔺)	0.999s	7	2.45x
💻 Local	Express	4.717s (-8.2% 🟢)	5.011s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.295s	6	3.10x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.505s (-2.8%)	6.214s (~)	0.709s	5	3.62x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.861s (+31.3% 🔺)	6.216s (+24.0% 🔺)	0.355s	5	3.85x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.741s (~)	6.004s (+15.3% 🔺)	2.263s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.282s (+7.7% 🔺)	6.454s (+2.9%)	2.172s	5	1.14x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.449s (+45.0% 🔺)	6.696s (+28.1% 🔺)	2.247s	5	1.19x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.201s (-1.2%)	2.007s (-3.2%)	0.806s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.205s (-1.0%)	2.007s (-3.2%)	0.802s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.303s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.705s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.403s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.604s	15	1.17x
💻 Local	Express	1.509s (-4.4%)	2.006s (~)	0.497s	15	1.26x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.640s (+3.1%)	2.074s (+3.3%)	0.434s	15	1.37x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.330s (-32.8% 🟢)	3.965s (-21.0% 🟢)	1.635s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.390s (-24.9% 🟢)	3.927s (-24.4% 🟢)	1.538s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.391s (-13.3% 🟢)	3.790s (-14.1% 🟢)	1.399s	8	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.326s (-2.1%)	2.316s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.990s	13	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.361s (-13.1% 🟢)	2.315s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.954s	13	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.563s (-9.9% 🟢)	2.077s (-13.3% 🟢)	0.514s	15	1.18x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.059s (+1.8%)	2.676s (+11.9% 🔺)	0.616s	12	1.55x
💻 Local	Express	2.176s (-4.5%)	2.736s (~)	0.560s	11	1.64x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.375s (+4.5%)	2.827s (+3.4%)	0.452s	11	1.79x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.805s (-3.6%)	4.726s (-0.6%)	1.921s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.316s (-9.9% 🟢)	5.377s (+0.7%)	2.062s	7	1.18x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.575s (+2.6%)	5.407s (+13.6% 🔺)	1.832s	6	1.27x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.609s (-2.3%)	4.300s (+7.2% 🔺)	2.690s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.722s (+6.1% 🔺)	4.013s (+3.0%)	2.290s	8	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.735s (+10.4% 🔺)	4.299s (~)	0.564s	7	2.32x
💻 Local	Express	4.831s (-23.1% 🟢)	5.347s (-21.6% 🟢)	0.516s	6	3.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.426s (-14.5% 🟢)	6.017s (-11.7% 🟢)	0.591s	5	3.37x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.827s (+27.7% 🔺)	6.414s (+23.8% 🔺)	0.586s	5	3.62x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.418s (-61.4% 🟢)	5.675s (-46.7% 🟢)	2.257s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.505s (-64.1% 🟢)	5.593s (-52.2% 🟢)	2.087s	6	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.320s (-48.7% 🟢)	6.354s (-38.2% 🟢)	2.034s	5	1.26x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.548s (-4.0%)	1.006s (~)	0.458s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.553s (-5.5% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.453s	60	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	0.593s (-3.7%)	1.005s (~)	0.412s	60	1.08x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.634s (+3.1%)	1.040s (+3.5%)	0.405s	58	1.16x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.880s (+21.6% 🔺)	1.039s (+1.7%)	0.159s	58	1.61x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.899s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.059s (+1.8%)	0.160s	57	1.64x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.536s (+11.1% 🔺)	7.597s (+19.6% 🔺)	2.060s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.710s (-8.4% 🟢)	7.452s (-7.8% 🟢)	1.742s	9	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.852s (+7.3% 🔺)	7.803s (+4.9%)	1.952s	8	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.342s (-7.5% 🟢)	2.052s (-1.2%)	0.709s	45	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.493s (-2.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.513s	45	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.537s (+8.6% 🔺)	2.150s (+5.9% 🔺)	0.613s	42	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.561s (-1.2%)	2.007s (-1.1%)	0.446s	45	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.000s (+3.4%)	2.494s (+20.2% 🔺)	0.494s	37	1.49x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.111s (+16.0% 🔺)	3.008s (+40.0% 🔺)	0.897s	30	1.57x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	13.246s (-10.5% 🟢)	15.560s (-9.3% 🟢)	2.315s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	13.291s (+5.8% 🔺)	15.111s (+4.2%)	1.819s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	13.715s (-13.1% 🟢)	15.563s (-9.6% 🟢)	1.847s	6	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.674s (-0.7%)	3.085s (+0.9%)	0.411s	39	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.765s (-3.3%)	3.166s (-1.7%)	0.401s	38	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	3.290s (~)	4.009s (~)	0.719s	30	1.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.308s (-0.8%)	4.010s (~)	0.702s	30	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.992s (+3.4%)	4.287s (+5.2% 🔺)	0.295s	29	1.49x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.424s (+19.8% 🔺)	5.011s (+23.0% 🔺)	0.587s	24	1.65x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	26.120s (+4.0%)	28.790s (+3.9%)	2.670s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	26.996s (-12.1% 🟢)	29.803s (-7.5% 🟢)	2.807s	5	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	28.999s (~)	32.099s (+2.8%)	3.100s	4	1.11x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.235s (+2.0%)	1.006s (~)	0.771s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.241s (-5.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.765s	60	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.310s (~)	1.006s (~)	0.696s	60	1.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.439s (+3.2%)	1.022s (+1.7%)	0.583s	59	1.86x
💻 Local	Express	0.441s (+3.5%)	1.005s (-1.6%)	0.564s	60	1.87x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.534s (-2.3%)	1.005s (~)	0.471s	60	2.27x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.843s (-1.7%)	3.973s (+9.9% 🔺)	2.131s	16	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.899s (+6.8% 🔺)	3.791s (+0.6%)	1.892s	16	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.969s (+4.6%)	3.773s (+7.7% 🔺)	1.805s	16	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.398s (+1.0%)	1.029s (+1.1%)	0.631s	88	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.410s (-4.1%)	1.053s (~)	0.643s	86	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.625s (+5.7% 🔺)	1.131s (-2.5%)	0.506s	81	1.57x
💻 Local	Express	2.127s (-1.0%)	2.822s (+3.1%)	0.695s	32	5.34x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.190s (+2.3%)	2.686s (~)	0.496s	34	5.50x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.535s (+6.7% 🔺)	3.261s (+6.0% 🔺)	0.726s	28	6.37x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.725s (-25.7% 🟢)	4.642s (-13.9% 🟢)	1.918s	20	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.765s (-5.9% 🟢)	4.367s (-5.2% 🟢)	1.602s	21	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.275s (-4.4%)	5.302s (+1.7%)	2.027s	18	1.20x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.766s (~)	1.322s (-4.4%)	0.556s	92	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.826s (+1.7%)	1.600s (+11.4% 🔺)	0.774s	76	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.956s (-1.6%)	3.983s (+6.5% 🔺)	1.026s	31	3.86x
💻 Local	Express	9.493s (-4.8%)	10.027s (-4.0%)	0.533s	13	12.40x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.695s (-1.8%)	10.280s (-1.6%)	0.584s	12	12.66x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.753s (+3.4%)	11.303s (+1.7%)	0.550s	11	14.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	6.053s (-6.5% 🟢)	7.896s (-0.7%)	1.843s	16	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	7.400s (-2.1%)	9.195s (-6.2% 🟢)	1.795s	14	1.22x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.963s (-7.3% 🟢)	9.857s (-6.7% 🟢)	1.894s	13	1.32x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.157s (-2.1%)	1.996s (~)	0.001s (-18.2% 🟢)	2.009s (~)	0.853s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.163s (-1.1%)	1.998s (~)	0.001s (-16.7% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.847s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.166s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.010s (-17.1% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.852s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.175s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.013s (-0.8%)	2.021s (~)	0.846s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.213s (+2.2%)	2.003s (~)	0.013s (+28.7% 🔺)	2.020s (~)	0.808s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.233s (~)	2.002s (~)	0.001s (-31.3% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.777s	10	1.07x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.082s (-9.8% 🟢)	3.124s (-3.0%)	1.282s (+14.2% 🔺)	4.843s (+2.5%)	2.761s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.172s (-18.1% 🟢)	3.319s (-16.8% 🟢)	0.851s (-6.1% 🟢)	4.671s (-13.2% 🟢)	2.498s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.435s (+10.3% 🔺)	3.366s (-2.2%)	0.887s (-37.9% 🟢)	4.891s (-8.2% 🟢)	2.456s	10	1.17x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.563s (-0.5%)	2.006s (~)	0.005s (-1.9%)	2.028s (~)	0.464s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.572s (-1.8%)	2.009s (~)	0.012s (-3.0%)	2.023s (~)	0.451s	30	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.592s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.012s (-13.8% 🟢)	2.024s (~)	0.432s	30	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.594s (~)	2.003s (~)	0.005s (+1.3%)	2.027s (~)	0.433s	30	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.772s (+7.9% 🔺)	2.042s (+1.7%)	0.013s (+0.5%)	2.059s (+1.7%)	0.287s	30	1.13x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.819s (+3.0%)	2.009s (~)	0.005s (-0.7%)	2.026s (~)	0.207s	30	1.16x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	5.818s (-5.0% 🟢)	7.290s (-5.1% 🟢)	0.300s (+36.3% 🔺)	8.164s (-2.7%)	2.346s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.863s (~)	7.334s (~)	0.564s (+102.8% 🔺)	8.372s (+2.0%)	2.509s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.946s (-1.9%)	6.897s (-3.3%)	0.206s (-8.0% 🟢)	7.588s (-2.6%)	1.642s	8	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.769s (-2.5%)	1.050s (~)	0.000s (~)	1.072s (~)	0.303s	56	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.779s (-5.7% 🟢)	1.048s (-6.8% 🟢)	0.000s (+278.6% 🔺)	1.071s (-6.2% 🟢)	0.292s	56	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.030s (~)	1.499s (+0.7%)	0.000s (+105.0% 🔺)	1.517s (+1.5%)	0.487s	40	1.34x
💻 Local	Express	1.413s (+2.0%)	2.014s (~)	0.000s (+116.7% 🔺)	2.017s (~)	0.603s	30	1.84x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.431s (+2.8%)	2.014s (~)	0.000s (+333.3% 🔺)	2.016s (~)	0.585s	30	1.86x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.508s (+2.8%)	2.013s (~)	0.001s (+1500.0% 🔺)	2.016s (~)	0.508s	30	1.96x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.647s (-28.5% 🟢)	3.863s (-20.0% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	4.316s (-17.5% 🟢)	1.669s	14	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.766s (-4.5%)	4.034s (-2.6%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	4.548s (-1.9%)	1.782s	14	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.784s (-28.6% 🟢)	4.253s (-19.9% 🟢)	0.001s (+492.3% 🔺)	4.837s (-16.3% 🟢)	2.053s	13	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.538s (-5.4% 🟢)	2.063s (-7.0% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.093s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.555s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.700s (-7.6% 🟢)	2.209s (-4.1%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.228s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.528s	28	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.276s (+2.2%)	2.777s (+4.8%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.784s (+4.6%)	0.508s	22	1.48x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.967s (-3.2%)	3.412s (-8.5% 🟢)	0.000s (-77.8% 🟢)	3.419s (-8.4% 🟢)	0.451s	18	1.93x
💻 Local	Express	3.069s (-1.2%)	3.840s (~)	0.001s (-50.0% 🟢)	3.843s (~)	0.774s	16	1.99x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.257s (+5.1% 🔺)	3.841s (~)	0.001s (-25.0% 🟢)	3.845s (~)	0.589s	16	2.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	4.189s (-8.2% 🟢)	5.694s (-4.6%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.133s (-8.2% 🟢)	1.944s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.447s (-13.5% 🟢)	5.740s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.223s (-10.2% 🟢)	1.776s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.448s (-6.4% 🟢)	5.888s (-7.0% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.366s (-7.2% 🟢)	1.918s	10	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	14/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13/21
▲ Vercel	Express	10/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	16/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	12/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	18/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2401. (backport job run)

[VaguelySerious]

Bump @vercel/queues package, which adds native retries for 429s and ECONNRESET

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 146cbfa

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 19 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/world-local	Patch
@workflow/world-postgres	Patch
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1442	0	219	1661
✅ 💻 Local Development	1895	0	219	2114
✅ 📦 Local Production	1895	0	219	2114
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1881	0	233	2114
✅ 🪟 Windows	151	0	0	151
✅ 📋 Other	879	0	178	1057
Total	8143	0	1068	9211

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	125	0	26
✅ example	125	0	26
✅ express	125	0	26
✅ fastify	125	0	26
✅ hono	125	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	149	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	149	0	2
✅ nitro	125	0	26
✅ nuxt	125	0	26
✅ sveltekit	144	0	7
✅ vite	125	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	126	0	25
✅ express-stable	126	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	126	0	25
✅ hono-stable	126	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	126	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	126	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	145	0	6
✅ vite-stable	126	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	126	0	25
✅ express-stable	126	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	126	0	25
✅ hono-stable	126	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	126	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	126	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	145	0	6
✅ vite-stable	126	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	125	0	26
✅ express-stable	125	0	26
✅ fastify-stable	125	0	26
✅ hono-stable	125	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	131	0	20
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	150	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	150	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	131	0	20
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	150	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	150	0	1
✅ nitro-stable	125	0	26
✅ nuxt-stable	125	0	26
✅ sveltekit-stable	144	0	7
✅ vite-stable	125	0	26

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	151	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	126	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	126	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	125	0	26
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	125	0	26
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	126	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	126	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	125	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.042s (-3.2%)	1.006s (~)	0.964s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.044s (+3.5%)	1.007s (~)	0.963s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.062s (-3.6%)	1.011s (~)	0.950s	10	1.46x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.063s (+5.0% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.943s	10	1.49x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.064s (+15.1% 🔺)	1.017s (+0.5%)	0.953s	10	1.51x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.071s (+4.7%)	1.012s (~)	0.941s	10	1.69x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.287s (-4.9%)	2.141s (+3.8%)	1.854s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.312s (-26.7% 🟢)	2.413s (+1.3%)	2.100s	10	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.353s (+27.7% 🔺)	2.243s (~)	1.890s	10	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.095s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.912s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.101s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.906s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.103s (-0.8%)	2.009s (~)	0.906s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.107s (~)	2.009s (~)	0.902s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.133s (+1.5%)	2.007s (~)	0.874s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.148s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.863s	10	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.567s (-6.2% 🟢)	3.629s (-8.8% 🟢)	2.062s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.652s (-5.6% 🟢)	3.697s (+3.4%)	2.045s	10	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.723s (-4.6%)	3.622s (-3.9%)	1.899s	10	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	10.531s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.491s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.533s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.489s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.534s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.487s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.567s (~)	11.019s (~)	0.452s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.811s (+1.2%)	11.022s (~)	0.211s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.839s (~)	11.017s (~)	0.178s	3	1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.649s (-0.5%)	15.545s (+3.3%)	1.897s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	13.891s (~)	16.672s (+3.9%)	2.781s	2	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.011s (-2.1%)	16.305s (+2.4%)	2.294s	2	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	13.749s (~)	14.020s (~)	0.271s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.765s (~)	14.026s (~)	0.261s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.771s (~)	14.020s (~)	0.248s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	13.866s (~)	14.227s (+1.4%)	0.361s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.399s (+2.6%)	15.030s (+4.2%)	0.631s	4	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.466s (~)	15.013s (~)	0.547s	4	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	20.517s (-2.7%)	22.084s (-4.9%)	1.567s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.552s (-2.5%)	22.613s (-0.9%)	2.061s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	20.846s (-2.5%)	22.792s (-1.7%)	1.946s	3	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	12.456s (-1.5%)	13.019s (~)	0.563s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	12.485s (~)	13.027s (~)	0.541s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.508s (~)	13.019s (~)	0.512s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	12.628s (~)	13.026s (~)	0.398s	7	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.860s (+6.2% 🔺)	14.169s (+4.2%)	0.309s	7	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.957s (+0.6%)	14.305s (+1.0%)	0.349s	7	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	28.957s (-4.4%)	31.358s (-2.4%)	2.401s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	30.582s (+12.6% 🔺)	32.815s (+14.8% 🔺)	2.233s	3	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.878s (+2.6%)	33.508s (+4.5%)	2.630s	3	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.206s (-1.4%)	2.008s (~)	0.802s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.206s (-4.3%)	2.008s (-3.2%)	0.802s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.250s (+3.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.757s	15	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	1.260s (+2.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.747s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.286s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.721s	15	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.300s (+1.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.706s	15	1.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.547s (-53.3% 🟢)	4.098s (-35.9% 🟢)	1.551s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.701s (-55.7% 🟢)	4.311s (-47.2% 🟢)	1.611s	8	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.127s (+35.0% 🔺)	5.158s (+34.5% 🔺)	2.031s	6	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.341s (-6.6% 🟢)	2.469s (-1.5%)	1.128s	13	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.342s (-4.9%)	2.222s (~)	0.880s	14	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.643s (+4.9%)	2.395s (-15.3% 🟢)	0.752s	13	1.23x
💻 Local	Express	1.723s (-15.2% 🟢)	2.006s (-16.1% 🟢)	0.283s	15	1.28x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.837s (+4.7%)	2.150s (+7.2% 🔺)	0.313s	14	1.37x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.979s (+1.7%)	2.317s (~)	0.339s	13	1.48x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.184s (+17.7% 🔺)	4.960s (+29.8% 🔺)	1.777s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.265s (+20.8% 🔺)	5.248s (+9.5% 🔺)	1.983s	6	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.503s (-15.4% 🟢)	6.507s (-13.9% 🟢)	2.003s	5	1.41x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.521s (-7.4% 🟢)	3.885s (-9.6% 🟢)	2.364s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.566s (-6.9% 🟢)	4.012s (~)	2.446s	8	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.731s (+13.8% 🔺)	4.730s (+14.3% 🔺)	0.999s	7	2.45x
💻 Local	Express	4.717s (-8.2% 🟢)	5.011s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.295s	6	3.10x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.505s (-2.8%)	6.214s (~)	0.709s	5	3.62x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.861s (+31.3% 🔺)	6.216s (+24.0% 🔺)	0.355s	5	3.85x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.741s (~)	6.004s (+15.3% 🔺)	2.263s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.282s (+7.7% 🔺)	6.454s (+2.9%)	2.172s	5	1.14x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.449s (+45.0% 🔺)	6.696s (+28.1% 🔺)	2.247s	5	1.19x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.201s (-1.2%)	2.007s (-3.2%)	0.806s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.205s (-1.0%)	2.007s (-3.2%)	0.802s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.303s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.705s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.403s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.604s	15	1.17x
💻 Local	Express	1.509s (-4.4%)	2.006s (~)	0.497s	15	1.26x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.640s (+3.1%)	2.074s (+3.3%)	0.434s	15	1.37x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.330s (-32.8% 🟢)	3.965s (-21.0% 🟢)	1.635s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.390s (-24.9% 🟢)	3.927s (-24.4% 🟢)	1.538s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.391s (-13.3% 🟢)	3.790s (-14.1% 🟢)	1.399s	8	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.326s (-2.1%)	2.316s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.990s	13	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.361s (-13.1% 🟢)	2.315s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.954s	13	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.563s (-9.9% 🟢)	2.077s (-13.3% 🟢)	0.514s	15	1.18x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.059s (+1.8%)	2.676s (+11.9% 🔺)	0.616s	12	1.55x
💻 Local	Express	2.176s (-4.5%)	2.736s (~)	0.560s	11	1.64x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.375s (+4.5%)	2.827s (+3.4%)	0.452s	11	1.79x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.805s (-3.6%)	4.726s (-0.6%)	1.921s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.316s (-9.9% 🟢)	5.377s (+0.7%)	2.062s	7	1.18x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.575s (+2.6%)	5.407s (+13.6% 🔺)	1.832s	6	1.27x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.609s (-2.3%)	4.300s (+7.2% 🔺)	2.690s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.722s (+6.1% 🔺)	4.013s (+3.0%)	2.290s	8	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.735s (+10.4% 🔺)	4.299s (~)	0.564s	7	2.32x
💻 Local	Express	4.831s (-23.1% 🟢)	5.347s (-21.6% 🟢)	0.516s	6	3.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.426s (-14.5% 🟢)	6.017s (-11.7% 🟢)	0.591s	5	3.37x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.827s (+27.7% 🔺)	6.414s (+23.8% 🔺)	0.586s	5	3.62x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.418s (-61.4% 🟢)	5.675s (-46.7% 🟢)	2.257s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.505s (-64.1% 🟢)	5.593s (-52.2% 🟢)	2.087s	6	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.320s (-48.7% 🟢)	6.354s (-38.2% 🟢)	2.034s	5	1.26x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.548s (-4.0%)	1.006s (~)	0.458s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.553s (-5.5% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.453s	60	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	0.593s (-3.7%)	1.005s (~)	0.412s	60	1.08x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.634s (+3.1%)	1.040s (+3.5%)	0.405s	58	1.16x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.880s (+21.6% 🔺)	1.039s (+1.7%)	0.159s	58	1.61x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.899s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.059s (+1.8%)	0.160s	57	1.64x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.536s (+11.1% 🔺)	7.597s (+19.6% 🔺)	2.060s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.710s (-8.4% 🟢)	7.452s (-7.8% 🟢)	1.742s	9	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.852s (+7.3% 🔺)	7.803s (+4.9%)	1.952s	8	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.342s (-7.5% 🟢)	2.052s (-1.2%)	0.709s	45	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.493s (-2.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.513s	45	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.537s (+8.6% 🔺)	2.150s (+5.9% 🔺)	0.613s	42	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.561s (-1.2%)	2.007s (-1.1%)	0.446s	45	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.000s (+3.4%)	2.494s (+20.2% 🔺)	0.494s	37	1.49x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.111s (+16.0% 🔺)	3.008s (+40.0% 🔺)	0.897s	30	1.57x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	13.246s (-10.5% 🟢)	15.560s (-9.3% 🟢)	2.315s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	13.291s (+5.8% 🔺)	15.111s (+4.2%)	1.819s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	13.715s (-13.1% 🟢)	15.563s (-9.6% 🟢)	1.847s	6	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.674s (-0.7%)	3.085s (+0.9%)	0.411s	39	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.765s (-3.3%)	3.166s (-1.7%)	0.401s	38	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	3.290s (~)	4.009s (~)	0.719s	30	1.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.308s (-0.8%)	4.010s (~)	0.702s	30	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.992s (+3.4%)	4.287s (+5.2% 🔺)	0.295s	29	1.49x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.424s (+19.8% 🔺)	5.011s (+23.0% 🔺)	0.587s	24	1.65x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	26.120s (+4.0%)	28.790s (+3.9%)	2.670s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	26.996s (-12.1% 🟢)	29.803s (-7.5% 🟢)	2.807s	5	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	28.999s (~)	32.099s (+2.8%)	3.100s	4	1.11x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.235s (+2.0%)	1.006s (~)	0.771s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.241s (-5.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.765s	60	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.310s (~)	1.006s (~)	0.696s	60	1.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.439s (+3.2%)	1.022s (+1.7%)	0.583s	59	1.86x
💻 Local	Express	0.441s (+3.5%)	1.005s (-1.6%)	0.564s	60	1.87x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.534s (-2.3%)	1.005s (~)	0.471s	60	2.27x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.843s (-1.7%)	3.973s (+9.9% 🔺)	2.131s	16	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.899s (+6.8% 🔺)	3.791s (+0.6%)	1.892s	16	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.969s (+4.6%)	3.773s (+7.7% 🔺)	1.805s	16	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.398s (+1.0%)	1.029s (+1.1%)	0.631s	88	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.410s (-4.1%)	1.053s (~)	0.643s	86	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.625s (+5.7% 🔺)	1.131s (-2.5%)	0.506s	81	1.57x
💻 Local	Express	2.127s (-1.0%)	2.822s (+3.1%)	0.695s	32	5.34x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.190s (+2.3%)	2.686s (~)	0.496s	34	5.50x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.535s (+6.7% 🔺)	3.261s (+6.0% 🔺)	0.726s	28	6.37x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.725s (-25.7% 🟢)	4.642s (-13.9% 🟢)	1.918s	20	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.765s (-5.9% 🟢)	4.367s (-5.2% 🟢)	1.602s	21	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.275s (-4.4%)	5.302s (+1.7%)	2.027s	18	1.20x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.766s (~)	1.322s (-4.4%)	0.556s	92	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.826s (+1.7%)	1.600s (+11.4% 🔺)	0.774s	76	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.956s (-1.6%)	3.983s (+6.5% 🔺)	1.026s	31	3.86x
💻 Local	Express	9.493s (-4.8%)	10.027s (-4.0%)	0.533s	13	12.40x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.695s (-1.8%)	10.280s (-1.6%)	0.584s	12	12.66x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.753s (+3.4%)	11.303s (+1.7%)	0.550s	11	14.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	6.053s (-6.5% 🟢)	7.896s (-0.7%)	1.843s	16	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	7.400s (-2.1%)	9.195s (-6.2% 🟢)	1.795s	14	1.22x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.963s (-7.3% 🟢)	9.857s (-6.7% 🟢)	1.894s	13	1.32x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.157s (-2.1%)	1.996s (~)	0.001s (-18.2% 🟢)	2.009s (~)	0.853s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.163s (-1.1%)	1.998s (~)	0.001s (-16.7% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.847s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.166s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.010s (-17.1% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.852s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.175s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.013s (-0.8%)	2.021s (~)	0.846s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.213s (+2.2%)	2.003s (~)	0.013s (+28.7% 🔺)	2.020s (~)	0.808s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.233s (~)	2.002s (~)	0.001s (-31.3% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.777s	10	1.07x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.082s (-9.8% 🟢)	3.124s (-3.0%)	1.282s (+14.2% 🔺)	4.843s (+2.5%)	2.761s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.172s (-18.1% 🟢)	3.319s (-16.8% 🟢)	0.851s (-6.1% 🟢)	4.671s (-13.2% 🟢)	2.498s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.435s (+10.3% 🔺)	3.366s (-2.2%)	0.887s (-37.9% 🟢)	4.891s (-8.2% 🟢)	2.456s	10	1.17x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.563s (-0.5%)	2.006s (~)	0.005s (-1.9%)	2.028s (~)	0.464s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.572s (-1.8%)	2.009s (~)	0.012s (-3.0%)	2.023s (~)	0.451s	30	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.592s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.012s (-13.8% 🟢)	2.024s (~)	0.432s	30	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.594s (~)	2.003s (~)	0.005s (+1.3%)	2.027s (~)	0.433s	30	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.772s (+7.9% 🔺)	2.042s (+1.7%)	0.013s (+0.5%)	2.059s (+1.7%)	0.287s	30	1.13x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.819s (+3.0%)	2.009s (~)	0.005s (-0.7%)	2.026s (~)	0.207s	30	1.16x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	5.818s (-5.0% 🟢)	7.290s (-5.1% 🟢)	0.300s (+36.3% 🔺)	8.164s (-2.7%)	2.346s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.863s (~)	7.334s (~)	0.564s (+102.8% 🔺)	8.372s (+2.0%)	2.509s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.946s (-1.9%)	6.897s (-3.3%)	0.206s (-8.0% 🟢)	7.588s (-2.6%)	1.642s	8	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.769s (-2.5%)	1.050s (~)	0.000s (~)	1.072s (~)	0.303s	56	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.779s (-5.7% 🟢)	1.048s (-6.8% 🟢)	0.000s (+278.6% 🔺)	1.071s (-6.2% 🟢)	0.292s	56	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.030s (~)	1.499s (+0.7%)	0.000s (+105.0% 🔺)	1.517s (+1.5%)	0.487s	40	1.34x
💻 Local	Express	1.413s (+2.0%)	2.014s (~)	0.000s (+116.7% 🔺)	2.017s (~)	0.603s	30	1.84x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.431s (+2.8%)	2.014s (~)	0.000s (+333.3% 🔺)	2.016s (~)	0.585s	30	1.86x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.508s (+2.8%)	2.013s (~)	0.001s (+1500.0% 🔺)	2.016s (~)	0.508s	30	1.96x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.647s (-28.5% 🟢)	3.863s (-20.0% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	4.316s (-17.5% 🟢)	1.669s	14	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.766s (-4.5%)	4.034s (-2.6%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	4.548s (-1.9%)	1.782s	14	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.784s (-28.6% 🟢)	4.253s (-19.9% 🟢)	0.001s (+492.3% 🔺)	4.837s (-16.3% 🟢)	2.053s	13	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.538s (-5.4% 🟢)	2.063s (-7.0% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.093s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.555s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.700s (-7.6% 🟢)	2.209s (-4.1%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.228s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.528s	28	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.276s (+2.2%)	2.777s (+4.8%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.784s (+4.6%)	0.508s	22	1.48x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.967s (-3.2%)	3.412s (-8.5% 🟢)	0.000s (-77.8% 🟢)	3.419s (-8.4% 🟢)	0.451s	18	1.93x
💻 Local	Express	3.069s (-1.2%)	3.840s (~)	0.001s (-50.0% 🟢)	3.843s (~)	0.774s	16	1.99x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.257s (+5.1% 🔺)	3.841s (~)	0.001s (-25.0% 🟢)	3.845s (~)	0.589s	16	2.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	4.189s (-8.2% 🟢)	5.694s (-4.6%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.133s (-8.2% 🟢)	1.944s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.447s (-13.5% 🟢)	5.740s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.223s (-10.2% 🟢)	1.776s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.448s (-6.4% 🟢)	5.888s (-7.0% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.366s (-7.2% 🟢)	1.918s	10	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	14/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13/21
▲ Vercel	Express	10/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	16/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	12/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	18/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2401. (backport job run)

[VaguelySerious]

Bump @vercel/queues package, which adds native retries for 429s and ECONNRESET

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 146cbfa

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 19 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/world-local	Patch
@workflow/world-postgres	Patch
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1442	0	219	1661
✅ 💻 Local Development	1895	0	219	2114
✅ 📦 Local Production	1895	0	219	2114
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1881	0	233	2114
✅ 🪟 Windows	151	0	0	151
✅ 📋 Other	879	0	178	1057
Total	8143	0	1068	9211

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	125	0	26
✅ example	125	0	26
✅ express	125	0	26
✅ fastify	125	0	26
✅ hono	125	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	149	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	149	0	2
✅ nitro	125	0	26
✅ nuxt	125	0	26
✅ sveltekit	144	0	7
✅ vite	125	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	126	0	25
✅ express-stable	126	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	126	0	25
✅ hono-stable	126	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	126	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	126	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	145	0	6
✅ vite-stable	126	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	126	0	25
✅ express-stable	126	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	126	0	25
✅ hono-stable	126	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	126	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	126	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	145	0	6
✅ vite-stable	126	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	125	0	26
✅ express-stable	125	0	26
✅ fastify-stable	125	0	26
✅ hono-stable	125	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	131	0	20
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	150	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	150	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	131	0	20
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	150	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	150	0	1
✅ nitro-stable	125	0	26
✅ nuxt-stable	125	0	26
✅ sveltekit-stable	144	0	7
✅ vite-stable	125	0	26

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	151	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	126	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	126	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	125	0	26
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	125	0	26
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	126	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	126	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	125	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.042s (-3.2%)	1.006s (~)	0.964s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.044s (+3.5%)	1.007s (~)	0.963s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.062s (-3.6%)	1.011s (~)	0.950s	10	1.46x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.063s (+5.0% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.943s	10	1.49x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.064s (+15.1% 🔺)	1.017s (+0.5%)	0.953s	10	1.51x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.071s (+4.7%)	1.012s (~)	0.941s	10	1.69x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.287s (-4.9%)	2.141s (+3.8%)	1.854s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.312s (-26.7% 🟢)	2.413s (+1.3%)	2.100s	10	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.353s (+27.7% 🔺)	2.243s (~)	1.890s	10	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.095s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.912s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.101s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.906s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.103s (-0.8%)	2.009s (~)	0.906s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.107s (~)	2.009s (~)	0.902s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.133s (+1.5%)	2.007s (~)	0.874s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.148s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.863s	10	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.567s (-6.2% 🟢)	3.629s (-8.8% 🟢)	2.062s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.652s (-5.6% 🟢)	3.697s (+3.4%)	2.045s	10	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.723s (-4.6%)	3.622s (-3.9%)	1.899s	10	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	10.531s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.491s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.533s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.489s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.534s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.487s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.567s (~)	11.019s (~)	0.452s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.811s (+1.2%)	11.022s (~)	0.211s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.839s (~)	11.017s (~)	0.178s	3	1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.649s (-0.5%)	15.545s (+3.3%)	1.897s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	13.891s (~)	16.672s (+3.9%)	2.781s	2	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.011s (-2.1%)	16.305s (+2.4%)	2.294s	2	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	13.749s (~)	14.020s (~)	0.271s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.765s (~)	14.026s (~)	0.261s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.771s (~)	14.020s (~)	0.248s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	13.866s (~)	14.227s (+1.4%)	0.361s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.399s (+2.6%)	15.030s (+4.2%)	0.631s	4	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.466s (~)	15.013s (~)	0.547s	4	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	20.517s (-2.7%)	22.084s (-4.9%)	1.567s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.552s (-2.5%)	22.613s (-0.9%)	2.061s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	20.846s (-2.5%)	22.792s (-1.7%)	1.946s	3	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	12.456s (-1.5%)	13.019s (~)	0.563s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	12.485s (~)	13.027s (~)	0.541s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.508s (~)	13.019s (~)	0.512s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	12.628s (~)	13.026s (~)	0.398s	7	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.860s (+6.2% 🔺)	14.169s (+4.2%)	0.309s	7	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.957s (+0.6%)	14.305s (+1.0%)	0.349s	7	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	28.957s (-4.4%)	31.358s (-2.4%)	2.401s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	30.582s (+12.6% 🔺)	32.815s (+14.8% 🔺)	2.233s	3	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.878s (+2.6%)	33.508s (+4.5%)	2.630s	3	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.206s (-1.4%)	2.008s (~)	0.802s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.206s (-4.3%)	2.008s (-3.2%)	0.802s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.250s (+3.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.757s	15	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	1.260s (+2.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.747s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.286s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.721s	15	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.300s (+1.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.706s	15	1.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.547s (-53.3% 🟢)	4.098s (-35.9% 🟢)	1.551s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.701s (-55.7% 🟢)	4.311s (-47.2% 🟢)	1.611s	8	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.127s (+35.0% 🔺)	5.158s (+34.5% 🔺)	2.031s	6	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.341s (-6.6% 🟢)	2.469s (-1.5%)	1.128s	13	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.342s (-4.9%)	2.222s (~)	0.880s	14	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.643s (+4.9%)	2.395s (-15.3% 🟢)	0.752s	13	1.23x
💻 Local	Express	1.723s (-15.2% 🟢)	2.006s (-16.1% 🟢)	0.283s	15	1.28x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.837s (+4.7%)	2.150s (+7.2% 🔺)	0.313s	14	1.37x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.979s (+1.7%)	2.317s (~)	0.339s	13	1.48x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.184s (+17.7% 🔺)	4.960s (+29.8% 🔺)	1.777s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.265s (+20.8% 🔺)	5.248s (+9.5% 🔺)	1.983s	6	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.503s (-15.4% 🟢)	6.507s (-13.9% 🟢)	2.003s	5	1.41x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.521s (-7.4% 🟢)	3.885s (-9.6% 🟢)	2.364s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.566s (-6.9% 🟢)	4.012s (~)	2.446s	8	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.731s (+13.8% 🔺)	4.730s (+14.3% 🔺)	0.999s	7	2.45x
💻 Local	Express	4.717s (-8.2% 🟢)	5.011s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.295s	6	3.10x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.505s (-2.8%)	6.214s (~)	0.709s	5	3.62x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.861s (+31.3% 🔺)	6.216s (+24.0% 🔺)	0.355s	5	3.85x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.741s (~)	6.004s (+15.3% 🔺)	2.263s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.282s (+7.7% 🔺)	6.454s (+2.9%)	2.172s	5	1.14x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.449s (+45.0% 🔺)	6.696s (+28.1% 🔺)	2.247s	5	1.19x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.201s (-1.2%)	2.007s (-3.2%)	0.806s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.205s (-1.0%)	2.007s (-3.2%)	0.802s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.303s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.705s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.403s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.604s	15	1.17x
💻 Local	Express	1.509s (-4.4%)	2.006s (~)	0.497s	15	1.26x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.640s (+3.1%)	2.074s (+3.3%)	0.434s	15	1.37x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.330s (-32.8% 🟢)	3.965s (-21.0% 🟢)	1.635s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.390s (-24.9% 🟢)	3.927s (-24.4% 🟢)	1.538s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.391s (-13.3% 🟢)	3.790s (-14.1% 🟢)	1.399s	8	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.326s (-2.1%)	2.316s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.990s	13	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.361s (-13.1% 🟢)	2.315s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.954s	13	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.563s (-9.9% 🟢)	2.077s (-13.3% 🟢)	0.514s	15	1.18x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.059s (+1.8%)	2.676s (+11.9% 🔺)	0.616s	12	1.55x
💻 Local	Express	2.176s (-4.5%)	2.736s (~)	0.560s	11	1.64x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.375s (+4.5%)	2.827s (+3.4%)	0.452s	11	1.79x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.805s (-3.6%)	4.726s (-0.6%)	1.921s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.316s (-9.9% 🟢)	5.377s (+0.7%)	2.062s	7	1.18x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.575s (+2.6%)	5.407s (+13.6% 🔺)	1.832s	6	1.27x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.609s (-2.3%)	4.300s (+7.2% 🔺)	2.690s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.722s (+6.1% 🔺)	4.013s (+3.0%)	2.290s	8	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.735s (+10.4% 🔺)	4.299s (~)	0.564s	7	2.32x
💻 Local	Express	4.831s (-23.1% 🟢)	5.347s (-21.6% 🟢)	0.516s	6	3.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.426s (-14.5% 🟢)	6.017s (-11.7% 🟢)	0.591s	5	3.37x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.827s (+27.7% 🔺)	6.414s (+23.8% 🔺)	0.586s	5	3.62x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.418s (-61.4% 🟢)	5.675s (-46.7% 🟢)	2.257s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.505s (-64.1% 🟢)	5.593s (-52.2% 🟢)	2.087s	6	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.320s (-48.7% 🟢)	6.354s (-38.2% 🟢)	2.034s	5	1.26x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.548s (-4.0%)	1.006s (~)	0.458s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.553s (-5.5% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.453s	60	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	0.593s (-3.7%)	1.005s (~)	0.412s	60	1.08x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.634s (+3.1%)	1.040s (+3.5%)	0.405s	58	1.16x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.880s (+21.6% 🔺)	1.039s (+1.7%)	0.159s	58	1.61x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.899s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.059s (+1.8%)	0.160s	57	1.64x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.536s (+11.1% 🔺)	7.597s (+19.6% 🔺)	2.060s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.710s (-8.4% 🟢)	7.452s (-7.8% 🟢)	1.742s	9	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.852s (+7.3% 🔺)	7.803s (+4.9%)	1.952s	8	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.342s (-7.5% 🟢)	2.052s (-1.2%)	0.709s	45	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.493s (-2.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.513s	45	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.537s (+8.6% 🔺)	2.150s (+5.9% 🔺)	0.613s	42	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.561s (-1.2%)	2.007s (-1.1%)	0.446s	45	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.000s (+3.4%)	2.494s (+20.2% 🔺)	0.494s	37	1.49x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.111s (+16.0% 🔺)	3.008s (+40.0% 🔺)	0.897s	30	1.57x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	13.246s (-10.5% 🟢)	15.560s (-9.3% 🟢)	2.315s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	13.291s (+5.8% 🔺)	15.111s (+4.2%)	1.819s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	13.715s (-13.1% 🟢)	15.563s (-9.6% 🟢)	1.847s	6	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.674s (-0.7%)	3.085s (+0.9%)	0.411s	39	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.765s (-3.3%)	3.166s (-1.7%)	0.401s	38	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	3.290s (~)	4.009s (~)	0.719s	30	1.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.308s (-0.8%)	4.010s (~)	0.702s	30	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.992s (+3.4%)	4.287s (+5.2% 🔺)	0.295s	29	1.49x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.424s (+19.8% 🔺)	5.011s (+23.0% 🔺)	0.587s	24	1.65x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	26.120s (+4.0%)	28.790s (+3.9%)	2.670s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	26.996s (-12.1% 🟢)	29.803s (-7.5% 🟢)	2.807s	5	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	28.999s (~)	32.099s (+2.8%)	3.100s	4	1.11x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.235s (+2.0%)	1.006s (~)	0.771s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.241s (-5.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.765s	60	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.310s (~)	1.006s (~)	0.696s	60	1.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.439s (+3.2%)	1.022s (+1.7%)	0.583s	59	1.86x
💻 Local	Express	0.441s (+3.5%)	1.005s (-1.6%)	0.564s	60	1.87x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.534s (-2.3%)	1.005s (~)	0.471s	60	2.27x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.843s (-1.7%)	3.973s (+9.9% 🔺)	2.131s	16	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.899s (+6.8% 🔺)	3.791s (+0.6%)	1.892s	16	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.969s (+4.6%)	3.773s (+7.7% 🔺)	1.805s	16	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.398s (+1.0%)	1.029s (+1.1%)	0.631s	88	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.410s (-4.1%)	1.053s (~)	0.643s	86	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.625s (+5.7% 🔺)	1.131s (-2.5%)	0.506s	81	1.57x
💻 Local	Express	2.127s (-1.0%)	2.822s (+3.1%)	0.695s	32	5.34x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.190s (+2.3%)	2.686s (~)	0.496s	34	5.50x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.535s (+6.7% 🔺)	3.261s (+6.0% 🔺)	0.726s	28	6.37x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.725s (-25.7% 🟢)	4.642s (-13.9% 🟢)	1.918s	20	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.765s (-5.9% 🟢)	4.367s (-5.2% 🟢)	1.602s	21	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.275s (-4.4%)	5.302s (+1.7%)	2.027s	18	1.20x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.766s (~)	1.322s (-4.4%)	0.556s	92	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.826s (+1.7%)	1.600s (+11.4% 🔺)	0.774s	76	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.956s (-1.6%)	3.983s (+6.5% 🔺)	1.026s	31	3.86x
💻 Local	Express	9.493s (-4.8%)	10.027s (-4.0%)	0.533s	13	12.40x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.695s (-1.8%)	10.280s (-1.6%)	0.584s	12	12.66x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.753s (+3.4%)	11.303s (+1.7%)	0.550s	11	14.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	6.053s (-6.5% 🟢)	7.896s (-0.7%)	1.843s	16	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	7.400s (-2.1%)	9.195s (-6.2% 🟢)	1.795s	14	1.22x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.963s (-7.3% 🟢)	9.857s (-6.7% 🟢)	1.894s	13	1.32x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.157s (-2.1%)	1.996s (~)	0.001s (-18.2% 🟢)	2.009s (~)	0.853s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.163s (-1.1%)	1.998s (~)	0.001s (-16.7% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.847s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.166s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.010s (-17.1% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.852s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.175s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.013s (-0.8%)	2.021s (~)	0.846s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.213s (+2.2%)	2.003s (~)	0.013s (+28.7% 🔺)	2.020s (~)	0.808s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.233s (~)	2.002s (~)	0.001s (-31.3% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.777s	10	1.07x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.082s (-9.8% 🟢)	3.124s (-3.0%)	1.282s (+14.2% 🔺)	4.843s (+2.5%)	2.761s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.172s (-18.1% 🟢)	3.319s (-16.8% 🟢)	0.851s (-6.1% 🟢)	4.671s (-13.2% 🟢)	2.498s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.435s (+10.3% 🔺)	3.366s (-2.2%)	0.887s (-37.9% 🟢)	4.891s (-8.2% 🟢)	2.456s	10	1.17x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.563s (-0.5%)	2.006s (~)	0.005s (-1.9%)	2.028s (~)	0.464s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.572s (-1.8%)	2.009s (~)	0.012s (-3.0%)	2.023s (~)	0.451s	30	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.592s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.012s (-13.8% 🟢)	2.024s (~)	0.432s	30	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.594s (~)	2.003s (~)	0.005s (+1.3%)	2.027s (~)	0.433s	30	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.772s (+7.9% 🔺)	2.042s (+1.7%)	0.013s (+0.5%)	2.059s (+1.7%)	0.287s	30	1.13x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.819s (+3.0%)	2.009s (~)	0.005s (-0.7%)	2.026s (~)	0.207s	30	1.16x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	5.818s (-5.0% 🟢)	7.290s (-5.1% 🟢)	0.300s (+36.3% 🔺)	8.164s (-2.7%)	2.346s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.863s (~)	7.334s (~)	0.564s (+102.8% 🔺)	8.372s (+2.0%)	2.509s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.946s (-1.9%)	6.897s (-3.3%)	0.206s (-8.0% 🟢)	7.588s (-2.6%)	1.642s	8	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.769s (-2.5%)	1.050s (~)	0.000s (~)	1.072s (~)	0.303s	56	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.779s (-5.7% 🟢)	1.048s (-6.8% 🟢)	0.000s (+278.6% 🔺)	1.071s (-6.2% 🟢)	0.292s	56	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.030s (~)	1.499s (+0.7%)	0.000s (+105.0% 🔺)	1.517s (+1.5%)	0.487s	40	1.34x
💻 Local	Express	1.413s (+2.0%)	2.014s (~)	0.000s (+116.7% 🔺)	2.017s (~)	0.603s	30	1.84x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.431s (+2.8%)	2.014s (~)	0.000s (+333.3% 🔺)	2.016s (~)	0.585s	30	1.86x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.508s (+2.8%)	2.013s (~)	0.001s (+1500.0% 🔺)	2.016s (~)	0.508s	30	1.96x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.647s (-28.5% 🟢)	3.863s (-20.0% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	4.316s (-17.5% 🟢)	1.669s	14	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.766s (-4.5%)	4.034s (-2.6%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	4.548s (-1.9%)	1.782s	14	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.784s (-28.6% 🟢)	4.253s (-19.9% 🟢)	0.001s (+492.3% 🔺)	4.837s (-16.3% 🟢)	2.053s	13	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.538s (-5.4% 🟢)	2.063s (-7.0% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.093s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.555s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.700s (-7.6% 🟢)	2.209s (-4.1%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.228s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.528s	28	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.276s (+2.2%)	2.777s (+4.8%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.784s (+4.6%)	0.508s	22	1.48x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.967s (-3.2%)	3.412s (-8.5% 🟢)	0.000s (-77.8% 🟢)	3.419s (-8.4% 🟢)	0.451s	18	1.93x
💻 Local	Express	3.069s (-1.2%)	3.840s (~)	0.001s (-50.0% 🟢)	3.843s (~)	0.774s	16	1.99x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.257s (+5.1% 🔺)	3.841s (~)	0.001s (-25.0% 🟢)	3.845s (~)	0.589s	16	2.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	4.189s (-8.2% 🟢)	5.694s (-4.6%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.133s (-8.2% 🟢)	1.944s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.447s (-13.5% 🟢)	5.740s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.223s (-10.2% 🟢)	1.776s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.448s (-6.4% 🟢)	5.888s (-7.0% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.366s (-7.2% 🟢)	1.918s	10	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	14/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13/21
▲ Vercel	Express	10/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	16/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	12/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	18/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2401. (backport job run)

[VaguelySerious]

Bump @vercel/queues package, which adds native retries for 429s and ECONNRESET

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 146cbfa

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 19 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/world-local	Patch
@workflow/world-postgres	Patch
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1442	0	219	1661
✅ 💻 Local Development	1895	0	219	2114
✅ 📦 Local Production	1895	0	219	2114
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1881	0	233	2114
✅ 🪟 Windows	151	0	0	151
✅ 📋 Other	879	0	178	1057
Total	8143	0	1068	9211

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	125	0	26
✅ example	125	0	26
✅ express	125	0	26
✅ fastify	125	0	26
✅ hono	125	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	149	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	149	0	2
✅ nitro	125	0	26
✅ nuxt	125	0	26
✅ sveltekit	144	0	7
✅ vite	125	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	126	0	25
✅ express-stable	126	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	126	0	25
✅ hono-stable	126	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	126	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	126	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	145	0	6
✅ vite-stable	126	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	126	0	25
✅ express-stable	126	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	126	0	25
✅ hono-stable	126	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	126	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	126	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	145	0	6
✅ vite-stable	126	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	125	0	26
✅ express-stable	125	0	26
✅ fastify-stable	125	0	26
✅ hono-stable	125	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	131	0	20
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	150	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	150	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	131	0	20
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	150	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	150	0	1
✅ nitro-stable	125	0	26
✅ nuxt-stable	125	0	26
✅ sveltekit-stable	144	0	7
✅ vite-stable	125	0	26

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	151	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	126	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	126	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	125	0	26
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	125	0	26
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	126	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	126	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	125	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.042s (-3.2%)	1.006s (~)	0.964s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.044s (+3.5%)	1.007s (~)	0.963s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.062s (-3.6%)	1.011s (~)	0.950s	10	1.46x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.063s (+5.0% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.943s	10	1.49x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.064s (+15.1% 🔺)	1.017s (+0.5%)	0.953s	10	1.51x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.071s (+4.7%)	1.012s (~)	0.941s	10	1.69x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.287s (-4.9%)	2.141s (+3.8%)	1.854s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.312s (-26.7% 🟢)	2.413s (+1.3%)	2.100s	10	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.353s (+27.7% 🔺)	2.243s (~)	1.890s	10	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.095s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.912s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.101s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.906s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.103s (-0.8%)	2.009s (~)	0.906s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.107s (~)	2.009s (~)	0.902s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.133s (+1.5%)	2.007s (~)	0.874s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.148s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.863s	10	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.567s (-6.2% 🟢)	3.629s (-8.8% 🟢)	2.062s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.652s (-5.6% 🟢)	3.697s (+3.4%)	2.045s	10	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.723s (-4.6%)	3.622s (-3.9%)	1.899s	10	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	10.531s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.491s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.533s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.489s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.534s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.487s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.567s (~)	11.019s (~)	0.452s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.811s (+1.2%)	11.022s (~)	0.211s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.839s (~)	11.017s (~)	0.178s	3	1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.649s (-0.5%)	15.545s (+3.3%)	1.897s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	13.891s (~)	16.672s (+3.9%)	2.781s	2	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.011s (-2.1%)	16.305s (+2.4%)	2.294s	2	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	13.749s (~)	14.020s (~)	0.271s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.765s (~)	14.026s (~)	0.261s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.771s (~)	14.020s (~)	0.248s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	13.866s (~)	14.227s (+1.4%)	0.361s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.399s (+2.6%)	15.030s (+4.2%)	0.631s	4	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.466s (~)	15.013s (~)	0.547s	4	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	20.517s (-2.7%)	22.084s (-4.9%)	1.567s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.552s (-2.5%)	22.613s (-0.9%)	2.061s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	20.846s (-2.5%)	22.792s (-1.7%)	1.946s	3	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	12.456s (-1.5%)	13.019s (~)	0.563s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	12.485s (~)	13.027s (~)	0.541s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.508s (~)	13.019s (~)	0.512s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	12.628s (~)	13.026s (~)	0.398s	7	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.860s (+6.2% 🔺)	14.169s (+4.2%)	0.309s	7	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.957s (+0.6%)	14.305s (+1.0%)	0.349s	7	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	28.957s (-4.4%)	31.358s (-2.4%)	2.401s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	30.582s (+12.6% 🔺)	32.815s (+14.8% 🔺)	2.233s	3	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.878s (+2.6%)	33.508s (+4.5%)	2.630s	3	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.206s (-1.4%)	2.008s (~)	0.802s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.206s (-4.3%)	2.008s (-3.2%)	0.802s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.250s (+3.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.757s	15	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	1.260s (+2.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.747s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.286s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.721s	15	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.300s (+1.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.706s	15	1.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.547s (-53.3% 🟢)	4.098s (-35.9% 🟢)	1.551s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.701s (-55.7% 🟢)	4.311s (-47.2% 🟢)	1.611s	8	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.127s (+35.0% 🔺)	5.158s (+34.5% 🔺)	2.031s	6	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.341s (-6.6% 🟢)	2.469s (-1.5%)	1.128s	13	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.342s (-4.9%)	2.222s (~)	0.880s	14	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.643s (+4.9%)	2.395s (-15.3% 🟢)	0.752s	13	1.23x
💻 Local	Express	1.723s (-15.2% 🟢)	2.006s (-16.1% 🟢)	0.283s	15	1.28x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.837s (+4.7%)	2.150s (+7.2% 🔺)	0.313s	14	1.37x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.979s (+1.7%)	2.317s (~)	0.339s	13	1.48x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.184s (+17.7% 🔺)	4.960s (+29.8% 🔺)	1.777s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.265s (+20.8% 🔺)	5.248s (+9.5% 🔺)	1.983s	6	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.503s (-15.4% 🟢)	6.507s (-13.9% 🟢)	2.003s	5	1.41x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.521s (-7.4% 🟢)	3.885s (-9.6% 🟢)	2.364s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.566s (-6.9% 🟢)	4.012s (~)	2.446s	8	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.731s (+13.8% 🔺)	4.730s (+14.3% 🔺)	0.999s	7	2.45x
💻 Local	Express	4.717s (-8.2% 🟢)	5.011s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.295s	6	3.10x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.505s (-2.8%)	6.214s (~)	0.709s	5	3.62x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.861s (+31.3% 🔺)	6.216s (+24.0% 🔺)	0.355s	5	3.85x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.741s (~)	6.004s (+15.3% 🔺)	2.263s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.282s (+7.7% 🔺)	6.454s (+2.9%)	2.172s	5	1.14x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.449s (+45.0% 🔺)	6.696s (+28.1% 🔺)	2.247s	5	1.19x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.201s (-1.2%)	2.007s (-3.2%)	0.806s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.205s (-1.0%)	2.007s (-3.2%)	0.802s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.303s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.705s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.403s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.604s	15	1.17x
💻 Local	Express	1.509s (-4.4%)	2.006s (~)	0.497s	15	1.26x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.640s (+3.1%)	2.074s (+3.3%)	0.434s	15	1.37x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.330s (-32.8% 🟢)	3.965s (-21.0% 🟢)	1.635s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.390s (-24.9% 🟢)	3.927s (-24.4% 🟢)	1.538s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.391s (-13.3% 🟢)	3.790s (-14.1% 🟢)	1.399s	8	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.326s (-2.1%)	2.316s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.990s	13	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.361s (-13.1% 🟢)	2.315s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.954s	13	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.563s (-9.9% 🟢)	2.077s (-13.3% 🟢)	0.514s	15	1.18x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.059s (+1.8%)	2.676s (+11.9% 🔺)	0.616s	12	1.55x
💻 Local	Express	2.176s (-4.5%)	2.736s (~)	0.560s	11	1.64x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.375s (+4.5%)	2.827s (+3.4%)	0.452s	11	1.79x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.805s (-3.6%)	4.726s (-0.6%)	1.921s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.316s (-9.9% 🟢)	5.377s (+0.7%)	2.062s	7	1.18x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.575s (+2.6%)	5.407s (+13.6% 🔺)	1.832s	6	1.27x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.609s (-2.3%)	4.300s (+7.2% 🔺)	2.690s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.722s (+6.1% 🔺)	4.013s (+3.0%)	2.290s	8	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.735s (+10.4% 🔺)	4.299s (~)	0.564s	7	2.32x
💻 Local	Express	4.831s (-23.1% 🟢)	5.347s (-21.6% 🟢)	0.516s	6	3.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.426s (-14.5% 🟢)	6.017s (-11.7% 🟢)	0.591s	5	3.37x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.827s (+27.7% 🔺)	6.414s (+23.8% 🔺)	0.586s	5	3.62x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.418s (-61.4% 🟢)	5.675s (-46.7% 🟢)	2.257s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.505s (-64.1% 🟢)	5.593s (-52.2% 🟢)	2.087s	6	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.320s (-48.7% 🟢)	6.354s (-38.2% 🟢)	2.034s	5	1.26x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.548s (-4.0%)	1.006s (~)	0.458s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.553s (-5.5% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.453s	60	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	0.593s (-3.7%)	1.005s (~)	0.412s	60	1.08x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.634s (+3.1%)	1.040s (+3.5%)	0.405s	58	1.16x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.880s (+21.6% 🔺)	1.039s (+1.7%)	0.159s	58	1.61x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.899s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.059s (+1.8%)	0.160s	57	1.64x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.536s (+11.1% 🔺)	7.597s (+19.6% 🔺)	2.060s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.710s (-8.4% 🟢)	7.452s (-7.8% 🟢)	1.742s	9	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.852s (+7.3% 🔺)	7.803s (+4.9%)	1.952s	8	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.342s (-7.5% 🟢)	2.052s (-1.2%)	0.709s	45	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.493s (-2.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.513s	45	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.537s (+8.6% 🔺)	2.150s (+5.9% 🔺)	0.613s	42	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.561s (-1.2%)	2.007s (-1.1%)	0.446s	45	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.000s (+3.4%)	2.494s (+20.2% 🔺)	0.494s	37	1.49x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.111s (+16.0% 🔺)	3.008s (+40.0% 🔺)	0.897s	30	1.57x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	13.246s (-10.5% 🟢)	15.560s (-9.3% 🟢)	2.315s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	13.291s (+5.8% 🔺)	15.111s (+4.2%)	1.819s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	13.715s (-13.1% 🟢)	15.563s (-9.6% 🟢)	1.847s	6	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.674s (-0.7%)	3.085s (+0.9%)	0.411s	39	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.765s (-3.3%)	3.166s (-1.7%)	0.401s	38	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	3.290s (~)	4.009s (~)	0.719s	30	1.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.308s (-0.8%)	4.010s (~)	0.702s	30	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.992s (+3.4%)	4.287s (+5.2% 🔺)	0.295s	29	1.49x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.424s (+19.8% 🔺)	5.011s (+23.0% 🔺)	0.587s	24	1.65x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	26.120s (+4.0%)	28.790s (+3.9%)	2.670s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	26.996s (-12.1% 🟢)	29.803s (-7.5% 🟢)	2.807s	5	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	28.999s (~)	32.099s (+2.8%)	3.100s	4	1.11x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.235s (+2.0%)	1.006s (~)	0.771s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.241s (-5.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.765s	60	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.310s (~)	1.006s (~)	0.696s	60	1.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.439s (+3.2%)	1.022s (+1.7%)	0.583s	59	1.86x
💻 Local	Express	0.441s (+3.5%)	1.005s (-1.6%)	0.564s	60	1.87x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.534s (-2.3%)	1.005s (~)	0.471s	60	2.27x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.843s (-1.7%)	3.973s (+9.9% 🔺)	2.131s	16	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.899s (+6.8% 🔺)	3.791s (+0.6%)	1.892s	16	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.969s (+4.6%)	3.773s (+7.7% 🔺)	1.805s	16	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.398s (+1.0%)	1.029s (+1.1%)	0.631s	88	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.410s (-4.1%)	1.053s (~)	0.643s	86	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.625s (+5.7% 🔺)	1.131s (-2.5%)	0.506s	81	1.57x
💻 Local	Express	2.127s (-1.0%)	2.822s (+3.1%)	0.695s	32	5.34x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.190s (+2.3%)	2.686s (~)	0.496s	34	5.50x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.535s (+6.7% 🔺)	3.261s (+6.0% 🔺)	0.726s	28	6.37x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.725s (-25.7% 🟢)	4.642s (-13.9% 🟢)	1.918s	20	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.765s (-5.9% 🟢)	4.367s (-5.2% 🟢)	1.602s	21	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.275s (-4.4%)	5.302s (+1.7%)	2.027s	18	1.20x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.766s (~)	1.322s (-4.4%)	0.556s	92	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.826s (+1.7%)	1.600s (+11.4% 🔺)	0.774s	76	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.956s (-1.6%)	3.983s (+6.5% 🔺)	1.026s	31	3.86x
💻 Local	Express	9.493s (-4.8%)	10.027s (-4.0%)	0.533s	13	12.40x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.695s (-1.8%)	10.280s (-1.6%)	0.584s	12	12.66x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.753s (+3.4%)	11.303s (+1.7%)	0.550s	11	14.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	6.053s (-6.5% 🟢)	7.896s (-0.7%)	1.843s	16	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	7.400s (-2.1%)	9.195s (-6.2% 🟢)	1.795s	14	1.22x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.963s (-7.3% 🟢)	9.857s (-6.7% 🟢)	1.894s	13	1.32x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.157s (-2.1%)	1.996s (~)	0.001s (-18.2% 🟢)	2.009s (~)	0.853s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.163s (-1.1%)	1.998s (~)	0.001s (-16.7% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.847s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.166s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.010s (-17.1% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.852s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.175s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.013s (-0.8%)	2.021s (~)	0.846s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.213s (+2.2%)	2.003s (~)	0.013s (+28.7% 🔺)	2.020s (~)	0.808s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.233s (~)	2.002s (~)	0.001s (-31.3% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.777s	10	1.07x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.082s (-9.8% 🟢)	3.124s (-3.0%)	1.282s (+14.2% 🔺)	4.843s (+2.5%)	2.761s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.172s (-18.1% 🟢)	3.319s (-16.8% 🟢)	0.851s (-6.1% 🟢)	4.671s (-13.2% 🟢)	2.498s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.435s (+10.3% 🔺)	3.366s (-2.2%)	0.887s (-37.9% 🟢)	4.891s (-8.2% 🟢)	2.456s	10	1.17x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.563s (-0.5%)	2.006s (~)	0.005s (-1.9%)	2.028s (~)	0.464s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.572s (-1.8%)	2.009s (~)	0.012s (-3.0%)	2.023s (~)	0.451s	30	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.592s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.012s (-13.8% 🟢)	2.024s (~)	0.432s	30	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.594s (~)	2.003s (~)	0.005s (+1.3%)	2.027s (~)	0.433s	30	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.772s (+7.9% 🔺)	2.042s (+1.7%)	0.013s (+0.5%)	2.059s (+1.7%)	0.287s	30	1.13x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.819s (+3.0%)	2.009s (~)	0.005s (-0.7%)	2.026s (~)	0.207s	30	1.16x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	5.818s (-5.0% 🟢)	7.290s (-5.1% 🟢)	0.300s (+36.3% 🔺)	8.164s (-2.7%)	2.346s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.863s (~)	7.334s (~)	0.564s (+102.8% 🔺)	8.372s (+2.0%)	2.509s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.946s (-1.9%)	6.897s (-3.3%)	0.206s (-8.0% 🟢)	7.588s (-2.6%)	1.642s	8	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.769s (-2.5%)	1.050s (~)	0.000s (~)	1.072s (~)	0.303s	56	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.779s (-5.7% 🟢)	1.048s (-6.8% 🟢)	0.000s (+278.6% 🔺)	1.071s (-6.2% 🟢)	0.292s	56	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.030s (~)	1.499s (+0.7%)	0.000s (+105.0% 🔺)	1.517s (+1.5%)	0.487s	40	1.34x
💻 Local	Express	1.413s (+2.0%)	2.014s (~)	0.000s (+116.7% 🔺)	2.017s (~)	0.603s	30	1.84x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.431s (+2.8%)	2.014s (~)	0.000s (+333.3% 🔺)	2.016s (~)	0.585s	30	1.86x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.508s (+2.8%)	2.013s (~)	0.001s (+1500.0% 🔺)	2.016s (~)	0.508s	30	1.96x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.647s (-28.5% 🟢)	3.863s (-20.0% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	4.316s (-17.5% 🟢)	1.669s	14	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.766s (-4.5%)	4.034s (-2.6%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	4.548s (-1.9%)	1.782s	14	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.784s (-28.6% 🟢)	4.253s (-19.9% 🟢)	0.001s (+492.3% 🔺)	4.837s (-16.3% 🟢)	2.053s	13	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.538s (-5.4% 🟢)	2.063s (-7.0% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.093s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.555s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.700s (-7.6% 🟢)	2.209s (-4.1%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.228s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.528s	28	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.276s (+2.2%)	2.777s (+4.8%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.784s (+4.6%)	0.508s	22	1.48x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.967s (-3.2%)	3.412s (-8.5% 🟢)	0.000s (-77.8% 🟢)	3.419s (-8.4% 🟢)	0.451s	18	1.93x
💻 Local	Express	3.069s (-1.2%)	3.840s (~)	0.001s (-50.0% 🟢)	3.843s (~)	0.774s	16	1.99x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.257s (+5.1% 🔺)	3.841s (~)	0.001s (-25.0% 🟢)	3.845s (~)	0.589s	16	2.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	4.189s (-8.2% 🟢)	5.694s (-4.6%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.133s (-8.2% 🟢)	1.944s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.447s (-13.5% 🟢)	5.740s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.223s (-10.2% 🟢)	1.776s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.448s (-6.4% 🟢)	5.888s (-7.0% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.366s (-7.2% 🟢)	1.918s	10	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	14/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13/21
▲ Vercel	Express	10/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	16/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	12/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	18/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2401. (backport job run)

[VaguelySerious]

Bump @vercel/queues package, which adds native retries for 429s and ECONNRESET

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 146cbfa

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 19 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/world-local	Patch
@workflow/world-postgres	Patch
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 13, 2026 10:52am

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1442	0	219	1661
✅ 💻 Local Development	1895	0	219	2114
✅ 📦 Local Production	1895	0	219	2114
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1881	0	233	2114
✅ 🪟 Windows	151	0	0	151
✅ 📋 Other	879	0	178	1057
Total	8143	0	1068	9211

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	125	0	26
✅ example	125	0	26
✅ express	125	0	26
✅ fastify	125	0	26
✅ hono	125	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	149	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	149	0	2
✅ nitro	125	0	26
✅ nuxt	125	0	26
✅ sveltekit	144	0	7
✅ vite	125	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	126	0	25
✅ express-stable	126	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	126	0	25
✅ hono-stable	126	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	126	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	126	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	145	0	6
✅ vite-stable	126	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	126	0	25
✅ express-stable	126	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	126	0	25
✅ hono-stable	126	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	132	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	151	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	151	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	126	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	126	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	145	0	6
✅ vite-stable	126	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	125	0	26
✅ express-stable	125	0	26
✅ fastify-stable	125	0	26
✅ hono-stable	125	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	131	0	20
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	150	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	150	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	131	0	20
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	150	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	150	0	1
✅ nitro-stable	125	0	26
✅ nuxt-stable	125	0	26
✅ sveltekit-stable	144	0	7
✅ vite-stable	125	0	26

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	151	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	126	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	126	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	125	0	26
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	125	0	26
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	126	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	126	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	125	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.042s (-3.2%)	1.006s (~)	0.964s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.044s (+3.5%)	1.007s (~)	0.963s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.062s (-3.6%)	1.011s (~)	0.950s	10	1.46x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.063s (+5.0% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.943s	10	1.49x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.064s (+15.1% 🔺)	1.017s (+0.5%)	0.953s	10	1.51x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.071s (+4.7%)	1.012s (~)	0.941s	10	1.69x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.287s (-4.9%)	2.141s (+3.8%)	1.854s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.312s (-26.7% 🟢)	2.413s (+1.3%)	2.100s	10	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.353s (+27.7% 🔺)	2.243s (~)	1.890s	10	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.095s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.912s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.101s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.906s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.103s (-0.8%)	2.009s (~)	0.906s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.107s (~)	2.009s (~)	0.902s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.133s (+1.5%)	2.007s (~)	0.874s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.148s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.863s	10	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.567s (-6.2% 🟢)	3.629s (-8.8% 🟢)	2.062s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.652s (-5.6% 🟢)	3.697s (+3.4%)	2.045s	10	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.723s (-4.6%)	3.622s (-3.9%)	1.899s	10	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	10.531s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.491s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.533s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.489s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.534s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.487s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.567s (~)	11.019s (~)	0.452s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.811s (+1.2%)	11.022s (~)	0.211s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.839s (~)	11.017s (~)	0.178s	3	1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.649s (-0.5%)	15.545s (+3.3%)	1.897s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	13.891s (~)	16.672s (+3.9%)	2.781s	2	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.011s (-2.1%)	16.305s (+2.4%)	2.294s	2	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	13.749s (~)	14.020s (~)	0.271s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.765s (~)	14.026s (~)	0.261s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.771s (~)	14.020s (~)	0.248s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	13.866s (~)	14.227s (+1.4%)	0.361s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.399s (+2.6%)	15.030s (+4.2%)	0.631s	4	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.466s (~)	15.013s (~)	0.547s	4	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	20.517s (-2.7%)	22.084s (-4.9%)	1.567s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.552s (-2.5%)	22.613s (-0.9%)	2.061s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	20.846s (-2.5%)	22.792s (-1.7%)	1.946s	3	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	12.456s (-1.5%)	13.019s (~)	0.563s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	12.485s (~)	13.027s (~)	0.541s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.508s (~)	13.019s (~)	0.512s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	12.628s (~)	13.026s (~)	0.398s	7	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.860s (+6.2% 🔺)	14.169s (+4.2%)	0.309s	7	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.957s (+0.6%)	14.305s (+1.0%)	0.349s	7	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	28.957s (-4.4%)	31.358s (-2.4%)	2.401s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	30.582s (+12.6% 🔺)	32.815s (+14.8% 🔺)	2.233s	3	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.878s (+2.6%)	33.508s (+4.5%)	2.630s	3	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.206s (-1.4%)	2.008s (~)	0.802s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.206s (-4.3%)	2.008s (-3.2%)	0.802s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.250s (+3.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.757s	15	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	1.260s (+2.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.747s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.286s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.721s	15	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.300s (+1.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.706s	15	1.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.547s (-53.3% 🟢)	4.098s (-35.9% 🟢)	1.551s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.701s (-55.7% 🟢)	4.311s (-47.2% 🟢)	1.611s	8	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.127s (+35.0% 🔺)	5.158s (+34.5% 🔺)	2.031s	6	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.341s (-6.6% 🟢)	2.469s (-1.5%)	1.128s	13	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.342s (-4.9%)	2.222s (~)	0.880s	14	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.643s (+4.9%)	2.395s (-15.3% 🟢)	0.752s	13	1.23x
💻 Local	Express	1.723s (-15.2% 🟢)	2.006s (-16.1% 🟢)	0.283s	15	1.28x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.837s (+4.7%)	2.150s (+7.2% 🔺)	0.313s	14	1.37x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.979s (+1.7%)	2.317s (~)	0.339s	13	1.48x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.184s (+17.7% 🔺)	4.960s (+29.8% 🔺)	1.777s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.265s (+20.8% 🔺)	5.248s (+9.5% 🔺)	1.983s	6	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.503s (-15.4% 🟢)	6.507s (-13.9% 🟢)	2.003s	5	1.41x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.521s (-7.4% 🟢)	3.885s (-9.6% 🟢)	2.364s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.566s (-6.9% 🟢)	4.012s (~)	2.446s	8	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.731s (+13.8% 🔺)	4.730s (+14.3% 🔺)	0.999s	7	2.45x
💻 Local	Express	4.717s (-8.2% 🟢)	5.011s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.295s	6	3.10x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.505s (-2.8%)	6.214s (~)	0.709s	5	3.62x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.861s (+31.3% 🔺)	6.216s (+24.0% 🔺)	0.355s	5	3.85x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.741s (~)	6.004s (+15.3% 🔺)	2.263s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.282s (+7.7% 🔺)	6.454s (+2.9%)	2.172s	5	1.14x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.449s (+45.0% 🔺)	6.696s (+28.1% 🔺)	2.247s	5	1.19x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.201s (-1.2%)	2.007s (-3.2%)	0.806s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.205s (-1.0%)	2.007s (-3.2%)	0.802s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.303s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.705s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.403s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.604s	15	1.17x
💻 Local	Express	1.509s (-4.4%)	2.006s (~)	0.497s	15	1.26x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.640s (+3.1%)	2.074s (+3.3%)	0.434s	15	1.37x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.330s (-32.8% 🟢)	3.965s (-21.0% 🟢)	1.635s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.390s (-24.9% 🟢)	3.927s (-24.4% 🟢)	1.538s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.391s (-13.3% 🟢)	3.790s (-14.1% 🟢)	1.399s	8	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.326s (-2.1%)	2.316s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.990s	13	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.361s (-13.1% 🟢)	2.315s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.954s	13	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.563s (-9.9% 🟢)	2.077s (-13.3% 🟢)	0.514s	15	1.18x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.059s (+1.8%)	2.676s (+11.9% 🔺)	0.616s	12	1.55x
💻 Local	Express	2.176s (-4.5%)	2.736s (~)	0.560s	11	1.64x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.375s (+4.5%)	2.827s (+3.4%)	0.452s	11	1.79x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.805s (-3.6%)	4.726s (-0.6%)	1.921s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.316s (-9.9% 🟢)	5.377s (+0.7%)	2.062s	7	1.18x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.575s (+2.6%)	5.407s (+13.6% 🔺)	1.832s	6	1.27x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.609s (-2.3%)	4.300s (+7.2% 🔺)	2.690s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.722s (+6.1% 🔺)	4.013s (+3.0%)	2.290s	8	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.735s (+10.4% 🔺)	4.299s (~)	0.564s	7	2.32x
💻 Local	Express	4.831s (-23.1% 🟢)	5.347s (-21.6% 🟢)	0.516s	6	3.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.426s (-14.5% 🟢)	6.017s (-11.7% 🟢)	0.591s	5	3.37x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.827s (+27.7% 🔺)	6.414s (+23.8% 🔺)	0.586s	5	3.62x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.418s (-61.4% 🟢)	5.675s (-46.7% 🟢)	2.257s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.505s (-64.1% 🟢)	5.593s (-52.2% 🟢)	2.087s	6	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.320s (-48.7% 🟢)	6.354s (-38.2% 🟢)	2.034s	5	1.26x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.548s (-4.0%)	1.006s (~)	0.458s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.553s (-5.5% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.453s	60	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	0.593s (-3.7%)	1.005s (~)	0.412s	60	1.08x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.634s (+3.1%)	1.040s (+3.5%)	0.405s	58	1.16x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.880s (+21.6% 🔺)	1.039s (+1.7%)	0.159s	58	1.61x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.899s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.059s (+1.8%)	0.160s	57	1.64x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.536s (+11.1% 🔺)	7.597s (+19.6% 🔺)	2.060s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.710s (-8.4% 🟢)	7.452s (-7.8% 🟢)	1.742s	9	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.852s (+7.3% 🔺)	7.803s (+4.9%)	1.952s	8	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.342s (-7.5% 🟢)	2.052s (-1.2%)	0.709s	45	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.493s (-2.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.513s	45	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.537s (+8.6% 🔺)	2.150s (+5.9% 🔺)	0.613s	42	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.561s (-1.2%)	2.007s (-1.1%)	0.446s	45	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.000s (+3.4%)	2.494s (+20.2% 🔺)	0.494s	37	1.49x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.111s (+16.0% 🔺)	3.008s (+40.0% 🔺)	0.897s	30	1.57x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	13.246s (-10.5% 🟢)	15.560s (-9.3% 🟢)	2.315s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	13.291s (+5.8% 🔺)	15.111s (+4.2%)	1.819s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	13.715s (-13.1% 🟢)	15.563s (-9.6% 🟢)	1.847s	6	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.674s (-0.7%)	3.085s (+0.9%)	0.411s	39	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.765s (-3.3%)	3.166s (-1.7%)	0.401s	38	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	3.290s (~)	4.009s (~)	0.719s	30	1.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.308s (-0.8%)	4.010s (~)	0.702s	30	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.992s (+3.4%)	4.287s (+5.2% 🔺)	0.295s	29	1.49x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.424s (+19.8% 🔺)	5.011s (+23.0% 🔺)	0.587s	24	1.65x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	26.120s (+4.0%)	28.790s (+3.9%)	2.670s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	26.996s (-12.1% 🟢)	29.803s (-7.5% 🟢)	2.807s	5	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	28.999s (~)	32.099s (+2.8%)	3.100s	4	1.11x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.235s (+2.0%)	1.006s (~)	0.771s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.241s (-5.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.765s	60	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.310s (~)	1.006s (~)	0.696s	60	1.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.439s (+3.2%)	1.022s (+1.7%)	0.583s	59	1.86x
💻 Local	Express	0.441s (+3.5%)	1.005s (-1.6%)	0.564s	60	1.87x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.534s (-2.3%)	1.005s (~)	0.471s	60	2.27x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.843s (-1.7%)	3.973s (+9.9% 🔺)	2.131s	16	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.899s (+6.8% 🔺)	3.791s (+0.6%)	1.892s	16	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.969s (+4.6%)	3.773s (+7.7% 🔺)	1.805s	16	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.398s (+1.0%)	1.029s (+1.1%)	0.631s	88	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.410s (-4.1%)	1.053s (~)	0.643s	86	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.625s (+5.7% 🔺)	1.131s (-2.5%)	0.506s	81	1.57x
💻 Local	Express	2.127s (-1.0%)	2.822s (+3.1%)	0.695s	32	5.34x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.190s (+2.3%)	2.686s (~)	0.496s	34	5.50x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.535s (+6.7% 🔺)	3.261s (+6.0% 🔺)	0.726s	28	6.37x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.725s (-25.7% 🟢)	4.642s (-13.9% 🟢)	1.918s	20	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.765s (-5.9% 🟢)	4.367s (-5.2% 🟢)	1.602s	21	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.275s (-4.4%)	5.302s (+1.7%)	2.027s	18	1.20x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.766s (~)	1.322s (-4.4%)	0.556s	92	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.826s (+1.7%)	1.600s (+11.4% 🔺)	0.774s	76	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.956s (-1.6%)	3.983s (+6.5% 🔺)	1.026s	31	3.86x
💻 Local	Express	9.493s (-4.8%)	10.027s (-4.0%)	0.533s	13	12.40x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.695s (-1.8%)	10.280s (-1.6%)	0.584s	12	12.66x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.753s (+3.4%)	11.303s (+1.7%)	0.550s	11	14.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	6.053s (-6.5% 🟢)	7.896s (-0.7%)	1.843s	16	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	7.400s (-2.1%)	9.195s (-6.2% 🟢)	1.795s	14	1.22x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.963s (-7.3% 🟢)	9.857s (-6.7% 🟢)	1.894s	13	1.32x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.157s (-2.1%)	1.996s (~)	0.001s (-18.2% 🟢)	2.009s (~)	0.853s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.163s (-1.1%)	1.998s (~)	0.001s (-16.7% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.847s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.166s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.010s (-17.1% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.852s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.175s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.013s (-0.8%)	2.021s (~)	0.846s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.213s (+2.2%)	2.003s (~)	0.013s (+28.7% 🔺)	2.020s (~)	0.808s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.233s (~)	2.002s (~)	0.001s (-31.3% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.777s	10	1.07x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.082s (-9.8% 🟢)	3.124s (-3.0%)	1.282s (+14.2% 🔺)	4.843s (+2.5%)	2.761s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.172s (-18.1% 🟢)	3.319s (-16.8% 🟢)	0.851s (-6.1% 🟢)	4.671s (-13.2% 🟢)	2.498s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.435s (+10.3% 🔺)	3.366s (-2.2%)	0.887s (-37.9% 🟢)	4.891s (-8.2% 🟢)	2.456s	10	1.17x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.563s (-0.5%)	2.006s (~)	0.005s (-1.9%)	2.028s (~)	0.464s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.572s (-1.8%)	2.009s (~)	0.012s (-3.0%)	2.023s (~)	0.451s	30	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.592s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.012s (-13.8% 🟢)	2.024s (~)	0.432s	30	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.594s (~)	2.003s (~)	0.005s (+1.3%)	2.027s (~)	0.433s	30	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.772s (+7.9% 🔺)	2.042s (+1.7%)	0.013s (+0.5%)	2.059s (+1.7%)	0.287s	30	1.13x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.819s (+3.0%)	2.009s (~)	0.005s (-0.7%)	2.026s (~)	0.207s	30	1.16x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	5.818s (-5.0% 🟢)	7.290s (-5.1% 🟢)	0.300s (+36.3% 🔺)	8.164s (-2.7%)	2.346s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.863s (~)	7.334s (~)	0.564s (+102.8% 🔺)	8.372s (+2.0%)	2.509s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.946s (-1.9%)	6.897s (-3.3%)	0.206s (-8.0% 🟢)	7.588s (-2.6%)	1.642s	8	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.769s (-2.5%)	1.050s (~)	0.000s (~)	1.072s (~)	0.303s	56	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.779s (-5.7% 🟢)	1.048s (-6.8% 🟢)	0.000s (+278.6% 🔺)	1.071s (-6.2% 🟢)	0.292s	56	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.030s (~)	1.499s (+0.7%)	0.000s (+105.0% 🔺)	1.517s (+1.5%)	0.487s	40	1.34x
💻 Local	Express	1.413s (+2.0%)	2.014s (~)	0.000s (+116.7% 🔺)	2.017s (~)	0.603s	30	1.84x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.431s (+2.8%)	2.014s (~)	0.000s (+333.3% 🔺)	2.016s (~)	0.585s	30	1.86x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.508s (+2.8%)	2.013s (~)	0.001s (+1500.0% 🔺)	2.016s (~)	0.508s	30	1.96x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.647s (-28.5% 🟢)	3.863s (-20.0% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	4.316s (-17.5% 🟢)	1.669s	14	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.766s (-4.5%)	4.034s (-2.6%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	4.548s (-1.9%)	1.782s	14	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.784s (-28.6% 🟢)	4.253s (-19.9% 🟢)	0.001s (+492.3% 🔺)	4.837s (-16.3% 🟢)	2.053s	13	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.538s (-5.4% 🟢)	2.063s (-7.0% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.093s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.555s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.700s (-7.6% 🟢)	2.209s (-4.1%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.228s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.528s	28	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.276s (+2.2%)	2.777s (+4.8%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.784s (+4.6%)	0.508s	22	1.48x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.967s (-3.2%)	3.412s (-8.5% 🟢)	0.000s (-77.8% 🟢)	3.419s (-8.4% 🟢)	0.451s	18	1.93x
💻 Local	Express	3.069s (-1.2%)	3.840s (~)	0.001s (-50.0% 🟢)	3.843s (~)	0.774s	16	1.99x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.257s (+5.1% 🔺)	3.841s (~)	0.001s (-25.0% 🟢)	3.845s (~)	0.589s	16	2.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	4.189s (-8.2% 🟢)	5.694s (-4.6%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.133s (-8.2% 🟢)	1.944s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.447s (-13.5% 🟢)	5.740s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.223s (-10.2% 🟢)	1.776s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.448s (-6.4% 🟢)	5.888s (-7.0% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.366s (-7.2% 🟢)	1.918s	10	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	14/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13/21
▲ Vercel	Express	10/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	16/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	12/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	18/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

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📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2401. (backport job run)